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  • English  (461)
  • 1985-1989  (447)
  • 1945-1949  (14)
  • London : Palgrave Macmillan UK  (243)
  • Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands  (218)
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Language
  • English  (461)
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Year
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349203864
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (200 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.850941
    Keywords: Families-Great Britain ; Home-Great Britain ; Electronic books
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349101917
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (198 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.520968
    Keywords: Elite (Social sciences)-South Africa ; Social classes-South Africa ; Black people-South Africa ; Electronic books
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349200672
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (446 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.4/2/0944
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349199327
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (159 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.2350947
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349196449
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (171 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.40954
    Keywords: Women-India ; Women-Social conditions ; Electronic books
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349195275
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (215 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.4812
    Keywords: Leisure-Social aspects ; Electronic books
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349093373
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (214 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.85
    Keywords: Families-Economic aspects ; Electronic books
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349106097
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (382 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 303.48241052
    Keywords: Great Britain-Relations-Japan ; Japan-Relations-Great Britain ; Diplomatic relations ; Electronic books
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349202492
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (339 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 303.620945
    Keywords: Violence-Italy ; Terrorism-Italy ; Radicalism-Italy ; Electronic books
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349201068
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (183 pages)
    Series Statement: Studies in Russia and East Europe Ser.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 302.23
    Keywords: Mass media ; Electronic books
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349099887
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (375 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 302
    Keywords: Social psychology ; Cognition and culture ; Electronic books
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349196951
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (211 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306/.42/0924
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9781349199181
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (237 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.9/09416/7
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349201877
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (222 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.8/00941
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349200771
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (608 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 303.4/9
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK | London : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9781349109302
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XV, 250 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 1989.
    Series Statement: St Antony's Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.3
    Keywords: Economic sociology. ; Social structure. ; Social inequality. ; Labor economics.
    Abstract: A book distinguishing between the situation in the labour market and the utilization of the employed labour force in the Soviet Union. The author attempts to show that since the abolition of open registered unemployment in 1930 the economy has suffered from chronic and general overmanning.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349202621
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (254 pages)
    Series Statement: St Antony's Ser.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.5240947
    Keywords: Political leadership-Soviet Union ; Elite (Social sciences)-Soviet Union ; Government executives-Soviet Union ; Soviet Union-Politics and government ; Electronic books
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK | London : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9781349197958
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XX, 470 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 1989.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305
    Keywords: Social structure. ; Social inequality. ; Labor economics.
    Abstract: By an international forum of contributors, this is the result of a conference organized by the Department of Economics of the University of Limburg and the European Production Study Group. All aspects of labour market research were discussed relating them to the unemployment situation in Europe.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349196463
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Political science ; Management ; Industries ; Asia Politics and government
    Abstract: The real leaders for the economic and social revolution which has taken place in Japan over the twenty years following the Second Wold War have been the Japanese government - not just Prime Ministers and Ministers of State, but the leadership of the ministries of the national government which, along with the leaders of the ruling Liberal Democratic party, constitute the three 'rings of power' which rule Japan. Professor Bingman uses his wide experience in the US government to identify and provide a superb distillation of facts and insights about how the Japanese government manages public programs in what he calls 'a remarkable achievement in public management'
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349198580
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 168 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Political science ; Russia Politics and government ; Pollution ; Europe
    Abstract: A documentary account of the Chernobyl disaster of April 1986, this is based on interviews with many of the participants. Shcherbak considers Chernobyl to be the most important event in the USSR since World War II and felt compelled to go and live there and interview those involved.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349088942
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 279 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Democracy ; Political science ; Catholic Church
    Abstract: A study of the Italian Christian Democratic Party from its birth to the present day. It is the most successful political party in any Western democracy and has been in power since 1945. This book analyzes its ideological foundations, electorate, organization and ties to the Catholic world
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349095117
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 349 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: St Antony’s / Macmillan Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: History ; Political economy ; History, Modern ; America History ; Macroeconomics ; Economic history ; International economic relations.
    Abstract: Twelve international economists analyze every government since Peron's first presidency, including the latest military administrations. The years 1958-74 are examined in a new light and the postscript refers to President Alfonsin's changing economic strategy in his first years of government
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9781349050987
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Political science ; Europe History ; History ; History, Modern ; World politics ; Diplomacy ; Europe-History.
    Abstract: This new publication constitutes the second volume in the widely-acclaimed Sources in European Political History. This latest volume provides a wide-ranging guide to the surviving private papers of over one thousand statesman, politicians and diplomats who played a part in the shaping of modern Europe
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349098903
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Political theory ; Political science ; Diplomacy
    Abstract: This book comprises a range of Chinese primary documents as well as interviews in Beijing detailing the policies, principles and methods used by Zhou Enlai to sustain his practice of diplomacy as a committed revolutionary in the pursuit of China's "independence and self-reliance
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349092482
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 248 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Political theory ; Political philosophy ; Philosophy, Asian ; Political science ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Political science
    Abstract: An attempt to provide a critical account of Gandhi's moral and political philosophy. It places him in an historical context and examines his central philosophical assumptions, drawing on his original Gujarati works and discussions with his associates and followers
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349109449
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 279 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Political science ; Political economy ; International economic relations.
    Abstract: This volume contains a series of 21 papers presented at the International Conference of Economists, held at the University of Zagreb, Yugoslavia. The contributors discuss policy issues of macro-economic managment and offer general and overall approaches to the debt and growth problems of the 1980s
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349200658
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 240 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Political science ; Africa Politics and government ; Political economy ; International relations ; International economics ; Africa-Politics and government.
    Abstract: Africa's international relations are in a state of transition as the continent enters the last decade of the twentieth century. Old assumptions about development, security, diplomacy and dependence are being challenged by new realities of debt, drought, devaluation and destabilisation. Collective self-reliance remains elusive despite the demise of nationalism. This collection identifies the major issues in Africa's foreign and development policies and prospects as she enters the 1990s
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9781349203468
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 359 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Germany Politics and government ; Political science ; Europe
    Abstract: This book gives up-to-date assessments of key trends and issues in the Federal Republic with sufficient background analysis to make the treatment of the various topics accessible to those without detailed prior knowledge of German politics
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349200504
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Political science ; History, Modern ; Asia History ; Middle East Politics and government ; Politics and war
    Abstract: The Iran-Iraq War, which ended in the summer of 1988, a month short of its eighth anniversary, is undoubtedly the Third World's longest and bloodiest conflict in a half-century. As such, its lessons and implications extend beyond the geographical confines of the Middle East. Bringing together Israeli, American and European specialists from the fields of Middle East history, international relations, strategy and economics, this book offers the first comprehensive post bellum analysis of the impact and implications of the Iran-Iraq war. The book starts with an examination of the war's impact on the domestic and foreign affairs of the two belligerents, continues with a discussion of the political ramifications of the war in both the regional and the global spheres, and concludes by analysing the economic, military and strategic implications
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9781349202805
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XV, 334 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: Political science ; International relations ; Politics and war
    Abstract: This study deals with the internal socio-political changes that the traditional political structures have not been able to incorporate, the perspectives of the superpowers and surveys of the debate on European security in each of 11 states. The book begins and ends with a theoretical overview
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349108138
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XII, 158 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: Political science ; Politics and war
    Abstract: An analysis of the extent to which European countries have progressed towards a nuclear non-proliferation policy. It reviews the policies of six specific countries and surveys present trends. The book suggests ways of improving policy in view of the increasingly unstable world outlook
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349106912
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (II, 724 p)
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: Political science ; Literature
    Abstract: A biography of Churchill covering his early life, the soldier, the foreign correspondent, the young politician, his wilderness years, his years as Prime Minister at the age of 65 and his subsequent career. The author examines the private man, the journalist, historian, painter and family man
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349092512
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XII, 237 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: Political science ; Philosophy and social sciences ; Politics and war ; Education
    Abstract: An exploration of the underlying philosophy and the practice of the training of soldiers in a number of countries, including Britain, America, Cuba, the USSR, China, Indonesia, Israel and Sweden. Case studies have been chosen to illustrate the diversity of approach found in the modern world
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9781349093922
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XX, 373 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: St Antony's
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: Political science ; History, Modern ; Great Britain History ; America History ; Politics and war
    Abstract: A collection of essays on British and American maritime relationships in the 20th century together with details on the British organization of warfare, Anglo-American maritime theory, their rivalries and coalitions and their plans for dealing with a future war in the nuclear age.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349104246
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 195 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Democracy ; Political science ; History, Modern ; America History ; Sociology
    Abstract: Designed for students of sociology and Latin American studies, this text provides an analysis of the political events that led to the demise of Costa Rica's coffee oligarchy, its influence in national politics, and the resulting establishment of a successful liberal democracy
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349198818
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 230 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Political science ; International relations ; Politics and war
    Abstract: Chemical weapons are still a viable military option. This book assesses their appeal by examining how the agents, munitions and protective equipment of chemical warfare have evolved since 1915; how technological innovations and refinements in weaponry have altered tactical assumptions; and how these weapons have been employed in conflicts from the First World War to the Gulf War. The author argues that the weapon technology has proved inherently dynamic, that a new generation of biochemical agents may soon be available, and that arms control may not be able to curb these developments
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349201280
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 232 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Political science ; Arts ; Industries ; History, Modern ; Europe History
    Abstract: Political Censorship of the Arts and the Press in Nineteenth-Century Europe presents a comprehensive account of the attempts by authorities throughout Europe to stifle the growth of political opposition during the nineteenth-century by censoring newspapers, books, caricatures, plays, operas and film. Appeals for democracy and social reform were especially suspect to the authorities, so in Russia cookbooks which refered to 'free air' in ovens were censored as subversive, while in England in 1829 the censor struck from a play the remark that 'honest men at court don't take up much room'. While nineteenth-century European political censorship blocked the open circulation of much opposition writing and art, it never succeeded entirely in its aim since writers, artists and 'consumers' often evaded the censors by clandestine circulation of forbidden material and by the widely practised skill of 'reading between the lines'
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349201044
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (3 illus) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Macmillan Professional Masters
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Civil law ; Commercial law
    Abstract: This text aims to provide a comprehensive exposition of the law relating to landlord and tenant. It covers the characteristics of different types of lease, the obligations implied on behalf of the landlord and tenant, the effects of covenants in leases and different types of tenancies
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9781349201969
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 239 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Political Economy Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Political science ; Political economy ; International organization ; Macroeconomics ; International economic relations.
    Abstract: The United Nations is in a time of major crisis in the history of the organization. The product of many leading scholars on both sides of the Atlantic, this work examines whether out of the crisis of mulitlateralism engulfing the organization in the late 1980s there could arise a renewed and strengthened global body. Pursuing the theme of the dynamics of international cooperation, thirteen authors look at three principal issue-areas: the principal UN organs, leading economic subjects, and leading social subjects. Two distinguished American scholars provide concluding commentaries. Running throughout the book is an emphasis on the economic dimension to international politics
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349196012
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in International Security
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Political science ; Africa Politics and government ; International relations
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349201655
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXI, 522 p)
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in International Security
    Keywords: Political science ; International relations ; Politics and war
    Abstract: '..Lawrence Freedman has provided a masterly account of the evolution of nuclear strategic thought which is steeped in scholarship, elegantly written, and comprehensive in scope.' Edward M.Spiers, Times Higher Education Supplement
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349201792
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XII, 259 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Government Beyond the Centre
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: Political science
    Abstract: Looking at the future of local government, this book examines the different changes, such as community charge and other financial changes, housing reforms, education reforms services, local democracy and other problems within the local government
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349105762
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XII, 226 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: Political science ; Politics and war
    Abstract: An in-depth study of the military, economic, and political implications of the strategic and tactical missile defences for the Asian-Pacific region. It offers recent research on the status of SDI and Asian-Pacific countries and offers an introduction to the SDI debate and Europe
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9781349103553
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIV, 228 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: Political science ; Political economy ; International economic relations.
    Abstract: This book discusses the origins and development of the growth research programme in economics. Warren Young has also written "Minorities and the Military" and "Interpreting Mr Keynes: The IS-LM Enigma
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349101917
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XII, 186 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: Political science
    Abstract: A profile of the lives of 60 eminent Black Africans who have reached the top of their professions and social hierarchy in South African society despite the political system. It argues that White fears of a Black government destroying the economy of South Africa are unfounded
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349203666
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 204 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Russia and East Europe
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: Political science ; Literature ; World politics
    Abstract: Between the wars a personality cult grew around Masaryk. These three volumes constitute the first balanced critical assessment of the actual achievement of the university professor who became the first president of Czechoslovakia. In this the first volume scholars from Europe and North America offer new insights into the career and ideas of Masaryk during the three decades preceding the outbreak of World War I. They appraise his role as critic of injustice and outworn tradition, providing a most significant interpretation of his place in modern history
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9781349119769
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XLVIII, 1313 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: Culture Study and teaching ; Music
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349113286
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 155 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Political science ; Human rights
    Abstract: Arising out of a sequence of events in the debate about an end to the political conflict in South Africa, the idea for this book was first germinated in July, 1987 in Dakar, when the editors participated in discussions between members of the ANC and a group of academics from South Africa
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9781349203116
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Political science ; Political economy ; International economic relations.
    Abstract: A collection of documents concerning the foundations of the Chinese planned economy covering strategy and planning, industrial development and organization, agricultural development and population, and labour and urbanization
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349198924
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Third Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Political science ; History, Modern ; Great Britain History
    Abstract: A history of the Liberal Party, examining its turbulent history since 1900. It incorporates much recent research and information ranging from varying electoral fortunes of the party to the personalities and policies that have shaped the party this century
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349100781
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 256 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Political science ; International relations
    Abstract: A collection of essays by international historians which explore British diplomatic policy in the decade following the end of World War II. Topics include propaganda, atomic policy, Imperial problems, European unity and Britain's response to political crises in the Middle East and Far East
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9781349106158
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVII, 377 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Disarmament and Conflicts
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Political science ; International relations ; Politics and war
    Abstract: This volume contains the proceedings of the International Conference on Technology, Arms Race and Disarmament which took place at Castiglioncello, Italy, in September 1987. The papers examine strategic defence policies, nuclear weapons proliferation and arms control among many other topics
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349113415
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 214 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Political science ; International relations
    Abstract: This book looks at the new themes and directions that have characterised Soviet foreign policy during the "first" Gorbachev era. Various aspects are studied in detail, such as the shift of attention away from relations with America as being their prime foreign policy concern
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349107698
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 369 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Biotechnology ; Commercial law
    Abstract: Following the US Patent Office's announcement in 1987 that it considers animals "to be patentable subject matter within the scope" of patent laws, there has been worldwide debate on this subject. This work comprises the proceedings of the Animal Patents Symposium 1988 at Cornell University
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349204687
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 180 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Business ; Transportation ; Political economy ; Industries ; International relations ; Traffic engineering. ; Transportation engineering. ; International economic relations.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349200740
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 155 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Political science ; International relations ; Politics and war
    Abstract: A study of the political utility of navies not only in past wars and possible future wars but also in the "violent peace" of the modern era. It looks at their use in gunboat diplomacy, showing the flag, policing coastlines and tackling pirates and terrorists. Naval arms control is also discussed.
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9781349104277
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: St Antony’s
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Political science ; Literature ; Diplomacy
    Abstract: This book concerns Bernadotte, the Swedish diplomat who was appointed the UN mediator in Palestine in 1948 and initiated the "Bernadotte Plans". It recounts the main events of his life before he was assassinated, including the first and second truces, and describes Palestine since his death
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  • 58
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    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349104338
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 263 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: Political economy ; Political science ; Politics and war ; International economic relations.
    Abstract: A study of the political economy of Soviet military power, examining Soviet Russian ideology and tradition, theory and practice of the military doctrine, the domestic aspect and new economic realism, technology and efficiency, and Perestroika and Glasnost from 1985-1987
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349199631
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VII, 129 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: Political science ; International organization
    Abstract: A beginner's guide to the United Nations which sets out the purposes and structure of this organization and also discusses how much power the UN really has and whether the need for and the role of the UN in the world is justified. Six contemporary criticisms of the UN are also analyzed
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349133406
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 164 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contemporary Interpretations of Shakespeare
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: Literature ; Literature, Modern ; Literature, Modern 20th century ; Poetry ; European literature
    Abstract: Theatre has never been afraid to adapt, rewrite and contemporize Shakespeare's drama since theatre by definition is a living medium involving a corporate creativity. Shakespeare himself rewrote or adapted old plays and stories and since writing his dramas have experienced many transformations. Recent dramatists following this age-old tradition have rewritten some of Shakespeare's plays for the contemporary stage or modelled their drama on formulations used by him. Michael Scott examines a selection of such plays written in the last forty years. Some, such as Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot or Tom Stoppard's Rosencrantz & Guildenstern are Dead have become famed. Others such as Ionesco's Macbett are less well known but are no less signficant. Edward Bond's Lear, Arnold Wesker's The Merchant and Charles Marowitz's Collages represent an attempt by some modern dramatists to challenge a particular ideology which appears to have appropriated Shakespeare to itself. The book concludes with an examination of some recent trends in Shakespearean production, particularly by the Royal Shakespeare Company
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9781349102211
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (632 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Political science ; Nuclear energy ; International relations ; Politics and war ; Private international law ; Conflict of laws ; International law ; Comparative law ; Nuclear engineering.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349077076
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 293 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Political science ; Political communication ; Police ; Social sciences ; Politics and war ; Criminology. ; Sociology ; Communication in politics.
    Abstract: This survey of European public opinion on national security issues interprets numerous public opinion polls retrieved from government ministries, commercial agencies and educational institutions. It is a comparative and historical survey of the security challenges faced by Western governments
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349196654
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 259 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Political theory ; Political economy ; Political science ; Industries ; International economic relations.
    Abstract: This collection of essays attempts to demonstrate how an adequate analysis of trade unions, strikes and collective bargaining must be rooted in a broader understanding of their political and economic context. The second part of the book deals with the central problems of trade unionism
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349200771
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVIII, 584 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Political science ; Environment
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349107971
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 276 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: St Antony’s Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Public policy ; International economics ; International economic relations. ; Political planning.
    Abstract: This study highlights the growing interdependence that exists between the financial markets of industrial and developing nations, by determining the role the Euromarkets have played in creating this dependence and by examining its effect on the stability of the international monetary system
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9781349102501
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Political science ; International relations
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349196920
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Literature ; Literature, Modern 20th century ; Applied linguistics
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9781349201143
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Business ; Political economy ; Cultural studies ; Industries ; Political science ; Culture ; International economic relations.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349202775
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Political science ; International relations ; Diplomacy
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349200818
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (IX, 327 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Keywords: Political science ; History, Modern ; World history ; International relations
    Abstract: Theoretical and historical issues in international relations are brought together here, with the aim of providing students with a series of readings which reflect the diversity of approaches in the discipline, cover key issues and retain a sense of the evolution of contemporary history
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9781349199488
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (IX, 208 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: Political science
    Abstract: This book traces the decline of the Labour Party's popularity and the development of the Social Democratic party. The authors have also written "Crisis in European Defence" and "The European Defence Initiative: Europe's Bid for Equality
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349198085
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XX, 257 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: Political science ; Politics and war
    Abstract: An examination of the current state of nuclear forces which explores the official defence policies of all 16 NATO countries, the rationale behind modernization plans and the opposition to these plans. The author establishes principles to guide continuing controversy in this area
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349198795
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVIII, 330 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: Political science ; International relations ; Politics and war
    Abstract: This collection of essays examines the relationship between West Germany and the German Democratic Republic in terms of economics and politics. The problems caused by the division of Germany in relation to European and international defence policies are also discussed
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349093342
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XV, 208 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Southampton Studies in International Policy
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: Political science ; Social justice ; International relations ; Human rights
    Abstract: This is an exploration of the moral and pragmatic dilemmas involved in the relationships between states in an era of change, derived from a workshop held by the Centre for International Policy Studies. The concern of those present was to examine human rights in the contemporary world.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349200306
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VII, 568 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: Political science ; International relations ; International organization
    Abstract: This is the second volume of the first full-scale history of the United Nations. This volume deals with a period when the organization was involved with major crises over Suez, Hungary, Lebanon and India, the Congo, the Cuba Missile crisis and armed conflicts in West Irian, Yeman, Cyprus, Kashmir and the Dominican Republic. It covers the first four UN peace-keeping operations: in Sinai, the Congo, West Irian and Cyprus
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  • 76
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    Online Resource
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    ISBN: 9781349199204
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (IX, 152 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Religion ; Political science ; Political sociology
    Abstract: Not only does this book give a well-researched account of the politicization of Haitian Voodoo and the Voodooization of Haitian politics, it also lays the ground for the development of creative policies by the state vis-a-vis the cult. It is an indispensable research tool for the students of Afro-American, Caribbean and African societies in particular, and for religionists and political scientists in general
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  • 77
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400904712
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (209p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The GeoJournal Library 15
    DDC: 910.285
    Keywords: Geography ; Hydraulic engineering ; Remote sensing ; Human Geography
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400908192
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction1.1 The range of experimental techniques -- 1.2 Good laboratory practice -- 1.3 Safety in the laboratory -- 1.4 Keeping records -- 1.5 Samples and spectra -- 2 Carrying out reactions -- 2.1 Basic techniques -- 2.2 Special techniques -- 3 Isolation and purification of reaction products -- 3.1 Primary work-up procedures -- 3.2 Crystallization -- 3.3 Melting point -- 3.4 Distillation -- 4 Separation of organic mixtures by chromatography -- 4.1 Analytical methods -- 4.2 Preparative methods -- 4.3 Appendices -- Preparation of samples for spectroscopy -- 5.1 Infra-red -- 5.2 Nuclear magnetic resonance -- 5.3 Mass spectrometry -- 5.4 Ultraviolet -- Finding chemical information -- 6.1 Physical properties -- 6.2 Spectroscopic properties -- 6.3 Beilstein’s Handbuch -- 6.4 Chemical Abstracts.
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  • 79
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400908215
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface1 Introduction -- 2 Characteristics of urban flora and fauna -- 2.1 Proliferation of introduced species -- 2.2 Severe disturbance -- 2.3 Increased opportunities for dispersal -- 2.4 Habitat diversity -- 2.5 Taxonomic and evolutionary aspects -- 2.6 Vertebrates -- 2.7 Invertebrates -- 2.8 Planted vegetation -- 2.9 Historical factors -- 3 The urban climate and air pollution -- 3.1 Climate -- 3.2 Air pollution -- 4 Soils in urban areas -- 4.1 The classification of urban soils -- 4.2 Conspectus -- 4.3 Characteristics of urban soils -- 4.4 Brick rubble -- 4.5 Topsoiled sites -- 5 Vegetation dynamics -- 5.1 Ecological change as greenfield sites become developed -- 5.2 Ecological change as urban land is recycled -- 5.3 Postdevelopment -- 5.4 Discussion -- 6 Urban commons -- 6.1 Plants -- 6.2 Animals -- 6.3 Research opportunities -- 7 Industrial areas -- 7.1 Raw materials -- 7.2 Buildings, structures, hard landscapes -- 7.3 Energy aspects -- 7.4 Stores and warehouses -- 7.5 Solid waste material -- 7.6 Modern trends -- 8 Railways -- 8.1 The permanent way -- 8.2 Sidings -- 8.3 Brickwork and masonry -- 8.4 Verges -- 8.5 Boundary features -- 9 Roads -- 9.1 Road design -- 9.2 Exhaust emissions -- 9.3 De-icing salt -- 9.4 Traffic stress -- 9.5 Street trees -- 9.6 Grass verges -- 9.7 Animals -- 10 City centres -- 10.1 Animals -- 10.2 Vegetation -- 10.3 Interactions -- 11 City parks -- 11.1 Habitats within a park -- 11.2 Grassland -- 11.3 Growth retardants and herbicides -- 11.4 The changing wild flora of parks -- 11.5 Lakes -- 11.6 Mammals -- 11.7 Birds -- 11.8 Invertebrates -- 12 Allotments and leisure gardens -- 12.1 Background -- 12.2 Cultivated plots -- 12.3 Secondary successions -- 12.4 Birds -- 12.5 Supplementary habitats -- 12.6 Fostering wildlife on allotments -- 13 Cemeteries -- 13.1 Background -- 13.2 Structure planting -- 13.3 Shrubs -- 13.4 The ground layer -- 13.5 Grave plots -- 13.6 Relic communities -- 13.7 Succession -- 13.8 Management options -- 14 Gardens -- 14.1 Vegetation -- 14.2 Animals -- 14.3 Discussion -- 15 Rivers, canals, ponds, lakes, reservoirs and water mains -- 15.1 Urban hydrology -- 15.2 Rivers -- 15.3 Canals -- 15.4 Ponds, lakes, reservoirs and water mains -- 16 Woodland -- 16.1 The archaeology of a small urban wood -- 16.2 Ancient seminatural woodland -- 16.3 Plantations on the site of ancient woodland -- 16.4 Spontaneous recent woodland -- 16.5 Plantations -- 16.6 Birds -- 17 Living with wildlife -- 17.1 The aesthetic conflict -- 17.2 Social considerations -- 17.3 Design and management -- 17.4 Benefits for all -- References.
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  • 80
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401164993
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: One Physical FoundationsOne The planetary and geological context of life -- Two The Earth, life, and energy cycles -- Two Past Events and their Biogeographic Significance -- Three Evolution of the biosphere -- Four Continental drift -- Five Biogeographic patterns and ice age events -- Three Present Environments and Biogeographic Patterns -- Six The climatic environment -- Seven Marine and terrestrial environments -- Eight Freshwater environments -- Nine Island environments -- Ten Environments linked through animal movements -- Eleven Organisms and environments integrated through coevolution -- Four the Human Impact -- Twelve Fire as an old and new agent of change -- Thirteen Man the maker and exterminator of plants and animals -- Fourteen Biogeographic repercussions of the intensification of agriculture -- Fifteen The impact of urban-industrial development on patterns of life -- References.
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  • 81
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400908611
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction1 Molecular asymmetry -- 2 The importance of enantiomer separations -- 3 Chiral liquid chromatography: past and present -- 2 Chiral Derivatization -- 4 Chiral derivatization -- 3 Direct Chiral Resolution -- 5 Chiral ligand exchange chromatography -- 6 Synthetic multiple-interaction chiral bonded phases -- 7 Immobilized proteins as HPLC chiral stationary phases -- 8 Cyclodextrin inclusion complexation -- 9 Binding to cellulose derivatives -- 10 Binding to synthetic polymers -- 11 Ion-pairing -- 12 Other direct chiral resolution methods -- 4 Strategy for Development of LC Enantiomeric Determination Methods -- 13 Consideration of other techniques -- 14 Choice of chiral LC systems -- 15 Optimization -- 5 Future Trends and Requirements -- 16 Future trends and requirements.
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  • 82
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401170505
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 436 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Control engineering. ; Robotics. ; Automation. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I: An Overview of Robotics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Types of Robots -- II: Robotic Technology -- 3. Introduction to Robot Mechanics -- 4. Robot Electronic Design -- 5. Robotic Sensors -- 6. Vision Systems -- 7. Ultrasonic Systems -- 8. Mobile Robots -- III: Computer Hardware and Software -- 9. Computers for Robots -- 10. Robot Languages -- 11. Robot Intelligence -- IV: Robotic Applications -- 12. Robot Standards -- 13. Applications Engineering -- 14. Application-Oriented Requirements -- V: Future Considerations -- 15. Trends in Robotic Systems -- 16. New Technology -- 17. New Application Areas -- Appendix 1: Robotic Systems Manufacturers -- Appendix 2: Major University Robotics Laboratories -- Appendix 3: International Robotics Organizations.
    Abstract: Robotics engineering has progressed from an infant industry in 1961 to one including over 500 robot and allied firms around the world in 1989. During this growth period, many robotics books have been published, so me of which have served as industry standards. Until recently, the design of robotics sys­ tems has been primarily the responsibility of the mechanical engineer, and their application in factories has been the responsibility of the manufacturing engineer. Few robotics books address the many systems issues facing electron­ ics engineers or computer programmers. The mid-1980s witnessed a major change in the robotics field. The develop­ ment of advanced sensor systems (particularly vision), improvements in the intelligence area, and the desire to integrate groups of robots working together in local work cells or in factory-wide systems have greatly increased the partic­ ipation of electronics engineers and computer programmers. Further, as ro­ bots ga in mobility, they are being used in completely new areas, such as construction, firefighting, and underwater exploration, and the need for com­ puters and smart sensors has increased. Fundamentals af Rabaties Engineering is aimed at the practicing electrical engineer or computer analyst who needs to review the fundamentals of engi­ neering as applied to robotics and to understand the impact on system design caused by constraints unique to robotics. Because there are many good texts covering mechanical engineering topics, this book is limited to an overview of those topics and the effects they have on electrical design and system pro­ grams.
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  • 83
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400908352
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One Distribution and function of regulatory peptides -- 1 Atrial natriuretic peptides—localization, structure, function and phylogeny -- 2 Bombesin -- 3 Gastrin/cholecystokinin-related peptides—comparative aspects -- 4 Neurotensin and related peptides -- 5 Opioid peptides—comparative peripheral mechanisms -- 6 Substance P and other tachykinins -- 7 Vasoactive intestinal peptide -- 8 Pancreatic peptides -- 9 Peptides in invertebrates -- Two Integrated physiological functions -- 10 Gut motility -- 11 Gut secretion -- 12 The cardiovascular system -- 13 Co-existence and co-function -- 14 Biosynthesis of regulatory peptides—evolutionary aspects.
    Abstract: Strictly speaking, the term regulatory peptides may include any peptide which has a regulatory function in any organism. In recent years, how­ ever, the term has come to mean those originally classified as brain-gut peptides. The peptides initially defined as those belonging to the brain­ gut axis had a dual location in neurones of the brain and endocrine cells of the gut. We now include a number of neuropeptides found in the autonomic nervous system of the gut, the cardiovascular system and other systems. To many scientists comparative physiology means comparison of the mechanisms of certain functions in the rat, the guinea-pig, the cat and maybe some other mammal. If the philosophy is that man is the centre of the universe and other mammals can be used as 'models' of man, this may well be the most useful way to study the functions of the human being, without actually chopping somebody up. However, with a some­ what wider perspective on life, it is easy to see the importance of a full understanding of the function of all living organisms, in its own right as well as a link in the evolution towards individuals able to survive and reproduce in very different environments. The importance of com­ parative studies in all living organisms cannot be emphasized too much. It has been the ambition with this book to treat all animals as equally important.
    Description / Table of Contents: One Distribution and function of regulatory peptides1 Atrial natriuretic peptides-localization, structure, function and phylogeny -- 2 Bombesin -- 3 Gastrin/cholecystokinin-related peptides-comparative aspects -- 4 Neurotensin and related peptides -- 5 Opioid peptides-comparative peripheral mechanisms -- 6 Substance P and other tachykinins -- 7 Vasoactive intestinal peptide -- 8 Pancreatic peptides -- 9 Peptides in invertebrates -- Two Integrated physiological functions -- 10 Gut motility -- 11 Gut secretion -- 12 The cardiovascular system -- 13 Co-existence and co-function -- 14 Biosynthesis of regulatory peptides-evolutionary aspects.
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  • 84
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401165327
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One Introduction to Surface Mounting -- 1 Introduction to Surface Mounting -- 2 Implementing Surface Mount Technology -- Two Designing with Surface Mounting -- 3 Surface Mount Components -- 4 Substrates for Surface Mounting -- 5 Surface Mount Design Considerations -- 6 Surface Mount Land Pattern Design -- 7 Design for Manufacturability, Testing, and Repair -- Three Manufacturing with Surface Mounting -- 8 Adhesive and Its Application -- 9 Solder Paste and Its Application -- 10 Metallurgy of Soldering and Solderability -- 11 Component Placement -- 12 Soldering of Surface Mounted Components -- 13 Flux and Cleaning -- 14 Quality Control, Repair, and Testing -- Appendix A Surface Mount Standards -- Appendix B Detailed Questionnaire for Evaluating Pick-and-Place Equipment for Surface Mounting -- Appendix C Glossary.
    Abstract: Surface Mount Technology is not a technology of tommorrow but a technology of today. It provides a quantum jump in the packaging tech­ nology to produce state-of-the-art miniaturized electronic products. How­ ever, in order to take advantage of this technology, a complete infrastruc­ ture must be put in place. This requires considerable investment in human and capital resources. Intel corporation has made these investments to keep its customers for components and systems on the leading edge of technology. Based on the experience of putting this infrastructure in place for system products, this book is written for managers who need to manage the risk during its implementation, and the practicing engineers who need to improve the design and manufacturing processes for improved yield and cost reduction. To accomplish this task, I have not only culled the infor­ mation from published materials, but have also depended on input from both my colleagues in Intel and such outside organizations as the Institute of interconnecting and Packaging electronic Circuits (IPC) , the Electronics Industries Association (EIA), and the Surface Mount Council. But the underlying basis for this book has been my first-hand experience in im­ plementing this technology for Intel Systems Group and my experience at Boeing, my previous employer. In a fast-changing technology like SMT, it is very easy to have obsolete information even before the book is published. For this reason, I have concentrated on the basic principles and practice of the technology.
    Description / Table of Contents: One Introduction to Surface Mounting1 Introduction to Surface Mounting -- 2 Implementing Surface Mount Technology -- Two Designing with Surface Mounting -- 3 Surface Mount Components -- 4 Substrates for Surface Mounting -- 5 Surface Mount Design Considerations -- 6 Surface Mount Land Pattern Design -- 7 Design for Manufacturability, Testing, and Repair -- Three Manufacturing with Surface Mounting -- 8 Adhesive and Its Application -- 9 Solder Paste and Its Application -- 10 Metallurgy of Soldering and Solderability -- 11 Component Placement -- 12 Soldering of Surface Mounted Components -- 13 Flux and Cleaning -- 14 Quality Control, Repair, and Testing -- Appendix A Surface Mount Standards -- Appendix B Detailed Questionnaire for Evaluating Pick-and-Place Equipment for Surface Mounting -- Appendix C Glossary.
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  • 85
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401167710
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One: Agricultural Research Systems -- 1. National Agricultural Research Systems: Selected Case Histories -- 2. National Agricultural Research Systems: An Overview -- 3. Components of the National Agricultural Research Systems -- 4. International Agricultural Research Systems and Co-operation -- Two: Agricultural Research-Form and Content -- 5. The Conceptual Framework -- 6. Allocation of Resources for Agricultural Research -- 7. Planning the Research Programme -- 8. The Research Project -- Three: Human Resources in Agricultural Research -- 9. Formation of the Research Worker -- 10. Manpower Needs, Recruitment and Personnel Policy -- 11. The Research Organisation as a Social System -- Four: Organisational Structure at the Institutional Level -- 12. Structure of a National Agricultural Research Institute -- 13. Regionalisation of Agricultural Research -- Five: Administration in the Service of Research -- 14. Principles of Research Management -- 15. The Scientist as Research Administrator -- 16. Administrative Personnel and Service Units -- Six: The Transfer of Technology -- 17. National Extension Services. Selected Case Histories and Overview -- 18. The Role and Objectives of Agricultural Extension -- 19. The Structure of National Agricultural Extension Services -- 20. Human Resources in Extension -- 21. The Adoption of New Technology -- 22. The Agricultural Information System (AIS).
    Abstract: Agricultural research was probably the first and is the most widespread form of organised research in the world, and one in which both the most developed and underdeveloped countries are engaged. Whilst most forms of research activity, such as in the field of medicine, have world­ wide application, agricultural research, by its very nature, has to be regional; practically no research finding can be adopted without studying the results of its application under the infinite number of ecological situations with which the farmers of the world are faced. The improvement of agricultural production is the essential first step whereby developing countries can hope to raise their standard of living. Research is therefore an activity in which no underdeveloped country can afford not to engage; nor can countries in which agriculture has reached a high level of development and sophistication afford to neglect agricultural research. It is not because of inertia or vested interests that highly industrialised countries maintain, mostly at public expense, a costly and complex infrastructure for agricultural research. Even when problems of overproduction weigh heavily on the economy, agricultural research is considered the essential key to further progress: the objectives and goals are simply changed and adapted to the needs of the economy.
    Description / Table of Contents: One: Agricultural Research Systems1. National Agricultural Research Systems: Selected Case Histories -- 2. National Agricultural Research Systems: An Overview -- 3. Components of the National Agricultural Research Systems -- 4. International Agricultural Research Systems and Co-operation -- Two: Agricultural Research-Form and Content -- 5. The Conceptual Framework -- 6. Allocation of Resources for Agricultural Research -- 7. Planning the Research Programme -- 8. The Research Project -- Three: Human Resources in Agricultural Research -- 9. Formation of the Research Worker -- 10. Manpower Needs, Recruitment and Personnel Policy -- 11. The Research Organisation as a Social System -- Four: Organisational Structure at the Institutional Level -- 12. Structure of a National Agricultural Research Institute -- 13. Regionalisation of Agricultural Research -- Five: Administration in the Service of Research -- 14. Principles of Research Management -- 15. The Scientist as Research Administrator -- 16. Administrative Personnel and Service Units -- Six: The Transfer of Technology -- 17. National Extension Services. Selected Case Histories and Overview -- 18. The Role and Objectives of Agricultural Extension -- 19. The Structure of National Agricultural Extension Services -- 20. Human Resources in Extension -- 21. The Adoption of New Technology -- 22. The Agricultural Information System (AIS).
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  • 86
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401170031
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction To Standards and Specifications -- 2. Understanding Blueprints -- 3. Processes And Tolerances -- 4. Artwork Inspection -- 5. Planning: Multilayer And Double Sided Printed Circuits -- 6. Planning Flex And Rigid-Flex Jobs -- 7. Aspects Of Quality Assurance -- A. MIL-STD-275E: Printed Wiring for Electronic Equipment -- B. IPC-D-300G: Printed Board Dimensions and Tolerances -- C. MIL-P-55110D: General Specification for Printed Wiring Boards -- D. IPC-A-600C: Guidelines for Acceptability of Printed Boards -- E. MIL-P-13949F: Plastic Sheet, Laminated, Metal Clad (For Printed Wiring Boards) -- F. MIL-STD-2118: Design Requirements for Flex and Rigid-Flex Printed Wiring for Electronic Equipment.
    Abstract: I would like to present some definitions which will be helpful in understanding the purpose of this book. From The American Heritage Dictionary of the En­ glish Language: Engineer 1. A person who skillfully or shrewdly manages an enterprise. 2. To plan, construct, and manage, as an engineer. 3. To plan, manage, and put through by skillful acts, or contrivance. Engineering 1. The application of scientific principles to practical ends as the design, con­ struction, and operation of efficient and economical structures, equipment and systems. 2. The profession of, or work performed by an engineer. Some words encountered in the definitions of engineer and engineering are Skillfully, Plan, and Manage. This book is concerned with engineering the man­ ufacture of printed circuit boards, and is dedicated to those people engaged in designing, planning, manufacturing, and achieving quality assurance in printed circuits. In The Handbook of Printed Circuit Manufacturing (Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1985), I presented detailed practical and theoretical information on the opera­ tions involved in manufacturing printed circuits. It is possible to perform each operation in an optimum fashion, and still leave room for improvement. Much of that room for improvement requires the skillful application of scientific prin­ ciples, planning, and management. It is the goal of this book to provide a sound background in industry standards and specifications, blueprint comprehension, artwork inspection, processes and tolerances, planning and quality assurance.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction To Standards and Specifications2. Understanding Blueprints -- 3. Processes And Tolerances -- 4. Artwork Inspection -- 5. Planning: Multilayer And Double Sided Printed Circuits -- 6. Planning Flex And Rigid-Flex Jobs -- 7. Aspects Of Quality Assurance -- A. MIL-STD-275E: Printed Wiring for Electronic Equipment -- B. IPC-D-300G: Printed Board Dimensions and Tolerances -- C. MIL-P-55110D: General Specification for Printed Wiring Boards -- D. IPC-A-600C: Guidelines for Acceptability of Printed Boards -- E. MIL-P-13949F: Plastic Sheet, Laminated, Metal Clad (For Printed Wiring Boards) -- F. MIL-STD-2118: Design Requirements for Flex and Rigid-Flex Printed Wiring for Electronic Equipment.
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  • 87
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401170352
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Optical Fiber Waveguides -- 1. Transmission Properties of Optical Fibers -- 2. Measurement and Characterization of Optical Fibers -- 3. Advanced Single-Mode Fiber Designs for Lightwave Systems Applications -- 4. Polarization-Maintaining Optical Fibers -- 5. Transmission Limitations in Fibers due to Nonlinear Optical Effects -- 2 Fiber-Joining Technology and Passive Optical Components -- 6. Optical Fiber Connectors, Splices, and Jointing Technology -- 7. Passive Components for Optical Coupling and WDM Applications -- 3 Semiconductor Laser Sources and Photodetectors -- 8. Basic Physics of Semiconductor Lasers -- 9. Fabrication and Characterization of Semiconductor Lasers -- 10. Transverse Mode Control in Semiconductor Lasers -- 11. Longitudinal Mode Control in Laser Diodes -- 12. Modulation Properties of Semiconductor Lasers -- 13. High-Power Semiconductor Lasers -- 14. Photodetectors for Long-Wavelength Lightwave Systems -- 4 Optical Transmitters and Receivers -- 15. Semiconductor Laser Transmitters -- 16. Optical Receivers -- 5 Applications of Optoelectronics in Lightwave Systems -- 17. Optical Communications: Single-Mode Optical Fiber Transmission Systems -- 18. Optical Fiber Communication Systems: Local Area Networks -- 19. Future Applications of Optical Fiber Networks -- 20. Free-Space Optical Communication Systems -- 21. Optical Fiber Sensor Technology -- 22. Optoelectronic Information Processing: Laser Bar Code and Laser Printer Systems -- 6 Future Optoelectronic Technology and Transmission Systems -- 23. Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits -- 24. Coherent Optical Fiber Communication Systems—The Promise for the Future -- 7 Impacts on the Information Society -- 25. The Impact of Optoelectronics Technology on the Information Society.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Optical Fiber Waveguides1. Transmission Properties of Optical Fibers -- 2. Measurement and Characterization of Optical Fibers -- 3. Advanced Single-Mode Fiber Designs for Lightwave Systems Applications -- 4. Polarization-Maintaining Optical Fibers -- 5. Transmission Limitations in Fibers due to Nonlinear Optical Effects -- 2 Fiber-Joining Technology and Passive Optical Components -- 6. Optical Fiber Connectors, Splices, and Jointing Technology -- 7. Passive Components for Optical Coupling and WDM Applications -- 3 Semiconductor Laser Sources and Photodetectors -- 8. Basic Physics of Semiconductor Lasers -- 9. Fabrication and Characterization of Semiconductor Lasers -- 10. Transverse Mode Control in Semiconductor Lasers -- 11. Longitudinal Mode Control in Laser Diodes -- 12. Modulation Properties of Semiconductor Lasers -- 13. High-Power Semiconductor Lasers -- 14. Photodetectors for Long-Wavelength Lightwave Systems -- 4 Optical Transmitters and Receivers -- 15. Semiconductor Laser Transmitters -- 16. Optical Receivers -- 5 Applications of Optoelectronics in Lightwave Systems -- 17. Optical Communications: Single-Mode Optical Fiber Transmission Systems -- 18. Optical Fiber Communication Systems: Local Area Networks -- 19. Future Applications of Optical Fiber Networks -- 20. Free-Space Optical Communication Systems -- 21. Optical Fiber Sensor Technology -- 22. Optoelectronic Information Processing: Laser Bar Code and Laser Printer Systems -- 6 Future Optoelectronic Technology and Transmission Systems -- 23. Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits -- 24. Coherent Optical Fiber Communication Systems-The Promise for the Future -- 7 Impacts on the Information Society -- 25. The Impact of Optoelectronics Technology on the Information Society.
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  • 88
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400924482
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 222 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Computer science ; Artificial intelligence
    Abstract: Philosophical Logic and Artificial Intelligence -- I’m OK if You’re OK: On the Notion of Trusting Communication -- Concepts of Information: Comparative Axiomatics -- Logic and the Complexity of Reasoning -- Circumscriptive Theories: A Logic-Based Framework for Knowledge Representation -- Artificial Intelligence, Logic and Formalizing Common Sense -- Efficient Reasoning about Rich Temporal Domains.
    Abstract: cians concerned with using logical tools in philosophy have been keenly aware of the limitations that arise from the original con­ centration of symbolic logic on the idiom of mathematics, and many of them have worked to create extensions of the received logical theories that would make them more generally applicable in philosophy. Carnap's Testability and Meaning, published in 1936 and 1937, was a good early example of this sort of research, motivated by the inadequacy of first-order formalizations of dis­ 'This sugar cube is soluble in water'. positional sentences like And in fact there is a continuous history of work on this topic, extending from Carnap's paper to Shoham's contribution to the present volume . . Much of the work in philosophical logic, and much of what has appeared in The Journal of Philosophical Logic, was mo­ tivated by similar considerations: work in modal logic (includ­ ing tense, deontic, and epistemic logic), intensional logics, non­ declaratives, presuppositions, and many other topics. In this sort of research, sin.ce the main point is to devise new formalisms, the technical development tends to be rather shallow in comparison with mathematical logic, though it is sel­ dom absent: theorems need to be proved in order to justify the formalisms, and sometimes these are nontrivial. On the other hand, much effort has to go into motivating a logical innovation.
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9789400910515
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXV, 137 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Psychology. ; Ethics.
    Abstract: Foreword -- II. The Essence of Acts of Empathy -- 1. The Method of the Investigation -- 2. Description of Empathy in Comparison with Other Acts -- 3. Discussion in Terms of Other Descriptions of Empathy—Especially That of Lipps—and Continuation of the Analysis -- 4. The Controversy Between the View of Idea and That of Actuality -- 5. Discussion in Terms of Genetic Theories of the Comprehension of Foreign Consciousness -- 6. Discussion in Terms of Scheler’s Theory of the Comprehension of Foreign Consciousness -- 7. Münsterberg’s Theory of the Experience of Foreign Consciousness -- III. The Constitution of the Psycho-Physical Individual -- 1. The Pure “I” -- 2. The Stream of Consciousness -- 3. The Soul -- 4. “I” and Living Body -- 5. Transition to the Foreign Individual -- IV. Empathy as the Understanding of Spiritual Persons -- 1. The Concept of the Spirit and of the Cultural Sciences [Geisteswissenschaften] -- 2. The Spiritual Subject -- 3. The Constitution of the Person in Emotional Experiences -- 4. The Givenness of the Foreign Person -- 5. Soul and Person -- 6. The Existence of the Spirit -- 7. Discussion in Terms of Dilthey -- 8. The Significance of Empathy for the Constitution of Our Own Person -- 9. The Question of the Spirit Being Based on the Physical Body -- Personal Biography -- Notes.
    Abstract: he radical viewpoint of phenomenology is presented by T 3 Edmund Husser! in his Ideas. This viewpoint seems quite simple at first, but becomes exceedingly complex and involves intricate distinctions when attempts are made to apply it to actual problems. Therefore, it may be well to attempt a short statement of this position in order to note the general problems with which it is dealing as well as the method of solution which it proposes. I shall emphasize the elements of phenomenology which seem most relevant to E. Stein's work. Husser! deals with two traditional philosophical questions, and in answering them, develops the method of phenomenological reduction which he maintains is the basis of all science. These questions are, "What is it that can be known without doubt?" and "How is this knowledge possible in the most general sense?" In the tradition of idealism he takes consciousness as the area to be investigated. He posits nothing about the natural world. He puts it in "brackets," as a portion of an algebraic formula is put in brackets, and makes no use of the material within these brackets. This does not mean that the "real" wor!d does not exist, he says emphatically; it only means that this existence is a presupposition must be suspended to achieve pure description.
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  • 90
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401197342
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 290 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 47
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: C. B. Martin, A Biographical Sketch -- Cause -- C. B. Martin, Counterfactuals, Causality, and Conditionals -- Freedom and Indeterminism -- Mind -- Intention -- Remenibering ‘Remembering’ -- The Revival of ‘Fido’-Fido -- Locke’s Ideas, Abstraction, and Substance -- Why Perception is not Singular Reference -- Low Claim Assertions -- On Formulating Materialism and Dualism -- Reality -- Tense and Existence -- Propositions and Philosophical Ideas -- A Puzzle About Ontological Commitment -- Objectivity and Ideology in the Physical and Social Sciences -- Motion and Change of Distance -- On Being Ontologically Unserious -- Verificationism -- C. B. Martin, Publications 1952-1987.
    Abstract: T is said that there is no progress in philosophy. The illusion of standing I still, however, arises only when we lose sight of our history and so fail to notice the distance we have travelled. Philosophers nowadays find obvious ideas and themes that, as it happens, emerged slowly and painfully and largely in reaction to prevailing sensibilities. The essays here honour a man to whom present-day philosophy owes much: Charles Burton Martin. In reflecting on my own on-going and somewhat chaotic philosophical education, I find considerable evidence of Charlie Martin's influence. After departing graduate school, one of the first papers I succeeded in publishing consisted of an attack on Martin and Deutscher's 'Remembering'. ' After that, Charlie more or less vanished from my conscious awareness until the winter of 1985, when we appeared together in a colloquium at the Eastern Division meetings of the American Philosophical Association. Although Charlie was nominally a commentator on a paper I was delivering, his 'comments' contained more philosophy and went considerably beyond the tentative and highly circumscribed thesis I had elected to defend. Whereas my focus had been on a tiny feature of Hilary Putnam's argument against realism, Charlie went straight for the jugular, addressing matters that immediately took us into deep water.
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  • 91
    ISBN: 9789400911314
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Use of modern NMR spectroscopy in plant cell wall research -- Near- and mid-infrared studies of the cell wall structure of cereal straw in relation to its rumen degradability -- An introduction to pyrolysis mass spectrometry of lignocellulosic material: case studies on barley straw, corn stem and Agropyron -- Cell wall autofluorescence -- Light microscopy and histology of lignocellulose related to biodegradation -- Electron microscopy as a method to evaluate structure and degradation of plant cell walls -- Some properties of cell wall layers determining ruminant digestion -- Identification and importance of polyphenolic compounds in crop residues -- 13C-NMR spectroscopy of lignins and lignocellulosic materials -- Lignin characterisation of wheat straw samples as determined by chemical degradation procedures -- Determination of phenolic compounds from lignocellulosic by-products by HPLC with electrochemical detector -- Electrochemical approaches to the oxidative degradation of lignins and lignocellulosic materials -- Methods for the evaluation of lignin properties suitable for conversion -- Comparison of chemical and biological methods for predicting feed intakes and animal performance -- Recommendations -- List of Participants.
    Abstract: The workshop reported in this volume is one of a series sponsored by the Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General for Science, Research and Development (DG XII), under the Concerted Action Programme COST 84-bis, entitled "Use of lignocellulose containing by-products and other plant residues for animal feeding". Since COST 84-bis was established there has been a major shift of emphasis in agricultural research in Europe, with the development of alternative uses for crops and their by-products becoming a priority issue. In recognition of this recent workshops he,ld under the aegis of COST 84-bis have been equally concerned with the potential of lignocellulosic residues to form the feedstock for a variety of new and established industrial uses in addition to their established use as animal feed. Development of strategies for the use of plants or plant residues with a high cell wall content is dependant on knowledge of cell wall structure and organisation and how structure relates to the behaviour of the wall during mechanical, chemical or biological processing. Progress in cell wall research has been greatly facilitated by the substantial developments in methods of instrumental analysis that have occurred during the last decade. Plant tissues now can be examined in far greater detail and far more rapidly than was hitherto possible, often without the need for extraction or modification of the cell wall or its component polymers.
    Description / Table of Contents: Use of modern NMR spectroscopy in plant cell wall researchNear- and mid-infrared studies of the cell wall structure of cereal straw in relation to its rumen degradability -- An introduction to pyrolysis mass spectrometry of lignocellulosic material: case studies on barley straw, corn stem and Agropyron -- Cell wall autofluorescence -- Light microscopy and histology of lignocellulose related to biodegradation -- Electron microscopy as a method to evaluate structure and degradation of plant cell walls -- Some properties of cell wall layers determining ruminant digestion -- Identification and importance of polyphenolic compounds in crop residues -- 13C-NMR spectroscopy of lignins and lignocellulosic materials -- Lignin characterisation of wheat straw samples as determined by chemical degradation procedures -- Determination of phenolic compounds from lignocellulosic by-products by HPLC with electrochemical detector -- Electrochemical approaches to the oxidative degradation of lignins and lignocellulosic materials -- Methods for the evaluation of lignin properties suitable for conversion -- Comparison of chemical and biological methods for predicting feed intakes and animal performance -- Recommendations -- List of Participants.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400912236
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introducing nonparametric methods -- 1.1 Basic statistics -- 1.2 Hypothesis tests -- 1.3 Estimation -- 1.4 Samples and populations -- 1.5 Further reading -- 1.6 Computers and nonparametric methods -- Exercises -- 2 Location estimates for single samples -- 2.1 The sign test -- 2.2 Inferences about medians based on ranks -- 2.3 Other location estimators -- 2.4 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 3 Distribution tests and rank transformations for single samples -- 3.1 Matching samples to distributions -- 3.2 Robustness -- 3.3 Transformations of ranks -- 3.4 Practical implications of efficiency -- 3.5 Modified assumptions -- 3.6 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 4 Methods for paired samples -- 4.1 Comparisons in pairs -- 4.2 A less obvious use of the sign test -- 4.3 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 5 Tests and estimation for two independent samples -- 5.1 Location tests and estimates -- 5.2 Wilcoxon—Mann—Whitney confidence intervals -- 5.3 Tests on functions of ranks -- 5.4 Tests for equality of variance -- 5.5 A test for a common distribution -- 5.6 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 6 Three or more samples -- 6.1 Possible extensions -- 6.2 Location tests for independent samples -- 6.3 Tests for heterogeneity of variance for independent samples -- 6.4 Further tests for several independent samples -- 6.5 Location comparisons for related samples -- 6.6 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 7 Bivariate and multivariate data -- 7.1 Correlation in bivariate data -- 7.2 Nonparametric bivariate linear regression -- 7.3 Monotonie regression -- 7.4 Multivariate data -- 7.5 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 8 Counts and categories -- 8.1 Categorical data -- 8.2 Tests for independence in two-way tables -- 8.3 The log-linear model -- 8.4 Goodness of fit tests for discrete data -- 8.5 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 9 Robustness, jackknives and bootstraps -- 9.1 The computer and robustness -- 9.2 Jackknives and bootstraps -- 9.3 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 10 Looking ahead -- 10.1 Nonparametric methods in a wider context -- 10.2 Developments from basic techniques -- 10.3 More sophisticated developments -- 10.4 The Bayesian approach -- A1 Random variables -- A2 Permutations and combinations -- A6 Least squares regression -- A7 Data sets -- A8 Tables of critical values for nonparametric methods -- References -- Solutions to odd-numbered exercises.
    Abstract: This book is a practical introduction to statistical techniques called nonpara­ metric methods. Using examples, we explain assumptions and demonstrate procedures; theory is kept to a minimum. We show how basic problems are tackled and try to clear up common misapprehensions so as to help both students of statistics meeting the methods for the first time and workers in other fields faced with data needing simple but informative analysis. An analogy between experimenters and car drivers describes our aim. Statistical analyses may be done by following a set of rules without understanding their logical basis, but this has dangers. It is like driving a car with no inkling ofhow the internal combustion engine, the gears, the ignition system, the brakes actually work. Understanding the rudiments helps one get better performance and makesdrivingsafer;appropriate gearchanges become a way to reduce engine stress, prolong engine life, improve fuel economy, minimize wear on brake linings. Knowing how to change the engine oil or replace worn sparking plugs is notessential for adriver, but it will reduce costs. Learning such basics will not make one a fully fledged mechanic, even less an automotive engineer; but it all contributes to more economical and safer driving, alertingone to the dangers ofbald tyres, aleakingexhaust, worn brake linings.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introducing nonparametric methods1.1 Basic statistics -- 1.2 Hypothesis tests -- 1.3 Estimation -- 1.4 Samples and populations -- 1.5 Further reading -- 1.6 Computers and nonparametric methods -- Exercises -- 2 Location estimates for single samples -- 2.1 The sign test -- 2.2 Inferences about medians based on ranks -- 2.3 Other location estimators -- 2.4 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 3 Distribution tests and rank transformations for single samples -- 3.1 Matching samples to distributions -- 3.2 Robustness -- 3.3 Transformations of ranks -- 3.4 Practical implications of efficiency -- 3.5 Modified assumptions -- 3.6 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 4 Methods for paired samples -- 4.1 Comparisons in pairs -- 4.2 A less obvious use of the sign test -- 4.3 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 5 Tests and estimation for two independent samples -- 5.1 Location tests and estimates -- 5.2 Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney confidence intervals -- 5.3 Tests on functions of ranks -- 5.4 Tests for equality of variance -- 5.5 A test for a common distribution -- 5.6 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 6 Three or more samples -- 6.1 Possible extensions -- 6.2 Location tests for independent samples -- 6.3 Tests for heterogeneity of variance for independent samples -- 6.4 Further tests for several independent samples -- 6.5 Location comparisons for related samples -- 6.6 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 7 Bivariate and multivariate data -- 7.1 Correlation in bivariate data -- 7.2 Nonparametric bivariate linear regression -- 7.3 Monotonie regression -- 7.4 Multivariate data -- 7.5 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 8 Counts and categories -- 8.1 Categorical data -- 8.2 Tests for independence in two-way tables -- 8.3 The log-linear model -- 8.4 Goodness of fit tests for discrete data -- 8.5 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 9 Robustness, jackknives and bootstraps -- 9.1 The computer and robustness -- 9.2 Jackknives and bootstraps -- 9.3 Fields of application -- Exercises -- 10 Looking ahead -- 10.1 Nonparametric methods in a wider context -- 10.2 Developments from basic techniques -- 10.3 More sophisticated developments -- 10.4 The Bayesian approach -- A1 Random variables -- A2 Permutations and combinations -- A6 Least squares regression -- A7 Data sets -- A8 Tables of critical values for nonparametric methods -- References -- Solutions to odd-numbered exercises.
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400923195
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (284p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Social sciences Methodology ; Economics ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: Philosophy of Economics -- Arbitrage Arguments -- Average Explanations -- Are Generic Predictions Enough? -- Self-Refuting Theories of Strategic Interaction: A Paradox of Common Knowledge -- Open Problems in the Foundations of Price Formation Dynamics -- Economics and Technological Change: Some Conceptual and Methodological Issues -- Ordinary Least Squares as a Method of Measurement -- The Development of Marx’s Economic Theory -- Structuralist Reconstructions of Classical and Keynesian Macroeconomics -- Stratification of General Equilibrium Theory: A Synthesis of Reconstructions -- Micro-Economic Models of Problem Choice in Basic Science -- On the (Idealizational) Structure of Economic Theories -- Sneed Versus Nowak: An Illustration in Economics -- Further Publications of the Authors.
    Abstract: The last decade witnessed an unprecedented annual growth of the literature dealing with the philosophy of economics,as well as the first signs of an institutionalization (conferences, an international journal) of the philosophy of economics as a scientific subject in itself - in particular in the U.S. In 1981 a meeting took place with participants mainly of European "continental" origin. In July 1987, we organized a second conference "Philosophy of Economics II" at Tilburg Uni­ versity, The Netherlands, mainly aiming at the establishment of first contacts between the middle-European group and researchers from the U.S. The present volume contains the papers presented at this conference. Philosophical thought on economics in recent years split up in many different streams, two of which are represented in the larger part of this volume. The first of these streams was formed by a group of researchers mainly from middle-Europe, who make empirical studies of the logical structures of the different theories as they find them presented in economic literature. Two methods prevail here. First, the structuralist method, as exemplified in the writings of Sneed, Stegmiiller and others, of describing the object of a theory as a set of ("partial potential") models. Such models consist of sets and relationships between these sets, which represent the concepts used in the theory.
    Description / Table of Contents: Philosophy of EconomicsArbitrage Arguments -- Average Explanations -- Are Generic Predictions Enough? -- Self-Refuting Theories of Strategic Interaction: A Paradox of Common Knowledge -- Open Problems in the Foundations of Price Formation Dynamics -- Economics and Technological Change: Some Conceptual and Methodological Issues -- Ordinary Least Squares as a Method of Measurement -- The Development of Marx’s Economic Theory -- Structuralist Reconstructions of Classical and Keynesian Macroeconomics -- Stratification of General Equilibrium Theory: A Synthesis of Reconstructions -- Micro-Economic Models of Problem Choice in Basic Science -- On the (Idealizational) Structure of Economic Theories -- Sneed Versus Nowak: An Illustration in Economics -- Further Publications of the Authors.
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9789401160506
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I—Overview -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Interdisciplinary Approach -- II—Basic Technologies -- 3 Chemical and Physical Characteristics -- 4 Metallurgical Aspects -- 5 Rheology of Solder Pastes -- III—Methodologies and Applications -- 6 Application Techniques -- 7 Soldering Methodologies -- 8 Cleaning -- IV—Reliability, Quality Control, and Tests -- 9 Solder Joint Reliability and Inspection -- 10 Special Topics in Surface Mount Soldering Problems and Other Soldering-RelatedProblems -- 11 Quality Assurance and Tests -- V—Future Tasks and Emerging Trends -- 12 Future Developments -- VI—Appendix -- I. Federal Specification QQ-S-571E and Amendment 4 -- II. Ternary Phase Diagram: Pb-Ag-Sn, Sn-Pb-Bi -- III. Military Specification MIL-P-28809A: PrintedWiring Assemblies -- IV.Quantitative Determination of Rosin Residues onCleaned Electronics Assemblies.
    Abstract: One of the strongest trends in the design and manufacture of modern electronics packages and assemblies is the utilization of surface mount technology as a replacement for through-hole tech­ nology. The mounting of electronic devices and components onto the surface of a printed wiring board or other substrate offers many advantages over inserting the leads of devices or components into holes. From the engineering viewpoint, much higher lead counts with shorter wire and interconnection lengths can be accommo­ dated. This is critical in high performance modern electronics packaging. From the manufacturing viewpoint, the application of automated assembly and robotics is much more adaptable to high lead count surface mounted devices and components. Indeed, the insertion of high lead count parts into fine holes on a substrate might often be nearly impossible. Yet, in spite of these surface mounting advantages, the utilization of surface mount technology is often a problem, primarily due to soldering problems. The most practical soldering methods use solder pastes, whose intricacies are frequently not understood by most of those involved in the engineering and manufacture of electronics assemblies. This publication is the first book devoted exclusively to explanations of the broad combination of the chemical, metallurgical, and rheological principles that are critical to the successful use of solder pastes. The critical relation­ ships between these characteristics are clearly explained and pre­ sented. In this excellent presentation, Dr. Hwang highlights three impor­ tant areas of solder paste technology.
    Description / Table of Contents: I-Overview1 Introduction -- 2 Interdisciplinary Approach -- II-Basic Technologies -- 3 Chemical and Physical Characteristics -- 4 Metallurgical Aspects -- 5 Rheology of Solder Pastes -- III-Methodologies and Applications -- 6 Application Techniques -- 7 Soldering Methodologies -- 8 Cleaning -- IV-Reliability, Quality Control, and Tests -- 9 Solder Joint Reliability and Inspection -- 10 Special Topics in Surface Mount Soldering Problems and Other Soldering-RelatedProblems -- 11 Quality Assurance and Tests -- V-Future Tasks and Emerging Trends -- 12 Future Developments -- VI-Appendix -- I. Federal Specification QQ-S-571E and Amendment 4 -- II. Ternary Phase Diagram: Pb-Ag-Sn, Sn-Pb-Bi -- III. Military Specification MIL-P-28809A: PrintedWiring Assemblies -- IV.Quantitative Determination of Rosin Residues onCleaned Electronics Assemblies.
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9789401164054
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Retail trade. ; Computer science. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Overview of retailing: the future -- 2 Direct product profitability -- 3 Towards an integrated retail management information system -- 4 Planning profitable strategies -- 5 Simulating the retail environment for planning, assessment and training -- Problems Specifically of the Small and Medium Retailer -- 6 A decision support system for medium sized retailers using low cost local area networks -- 7 Technology for the small independent grocer -- Electronic Point of Sales -- 8 Retailing is communicating -- 9 Using point of sales -- 10 Technology for the independent retailer -- 11 Hand held systems in the retail industry -- Specialised Aspects of Retailing -- 12 Lessons for the future from out of the past -- 13 Design and implementation of forecasting and inventory control in the retail industry -- 14 Utilising private data networks to manage -- 15 Enhancing retail profitability using computer-aided design -- 16 Advertising tracking for retailers -- 17 Intreractive media — gimmick or real productivity tool? -- The Future — Land of Promise? -- 18 Making EFTPoS work -- 19 Smart cards in retailing -- 20 EFTPoS the consumer viewpoint.
    Abstract: Retailing today is one of the largest, most buoyant and most competitive market sectors. The large, medium and small retailers, providers of systems are the major players in this market. The exploitation of information technology and the use of quantitative corporate models are emerging as key factors in determining the strength and effectiveness of marketing plans and support logistics. Many major retailers have developed considerable in-house expertise in this area and many hard­ ware manufacturers and systems houses have created special divisions to provide turn-key installations, products and services in order to exploit these opportunities. However, in the research leading up to the seminar on which this book is based, a number of important gaps in retailer useage of systems were noted. While many retailers, including the large multiples, had very sophisticated electronic point of sales devices, the information that was available was not being used to plan effective marketing and selling strategies, nor yet to plan for growth. In the medium and smaller companies there was still concern whether electronic point of sales were cost effective for them or whether being without such aids put them at a grave disadvantage vis-a-vis their larger competitors.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Overview of retailing: the future2 Direct product profitability -- 3 Towards an integrated retail management information system -- 4 Planning profitable strategies -- 5 Simulating the retail environment for planning, assessment and training -- Problems Specifically of the Small and Medium Retailer -- 6 A decision support system for medium sized retailers using low cost local area networks -- 7 Technology for the small independent grocer -- Electronic Point of Sales -- 8 Retailing is communicating -- 9 Using point of sales -- 10 Technology for the independent retailer -- 11 Hand held systems in the retail industry -- Specialised Aspects of Retailing -- 12 Lessons for the future from out of the past -- 13 Design and implementation of forecasting and inventory control in the retail industry -- 14 Utilising private data networks to manage -- 15 Enhancing retail profitability using computer-aided design -- 16 Advertising tracking for retailers -- 17 Intreractive media - gimmick or real productivity tool? -- The Future - Land of Promise? -- 18 Making EFTPoS work -- 19 Smart cards in retailing -- 20 EFTPoS the consumer viewpoint.
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9789401174633
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One Getting to Know Gems -- 1 Becoming Intimate with Gems -- 2 Factors of Importance—an Overview -- Two Diamonds -- 3 The Magic of Diamonds -- 4 The Importance of Cut and Proportion -- 5 Body Color -- 6 The Effect of Flaws -- 7 Weight -- 8 How to Spot a Fraud -- 9 Bait or Flamboyant Advertising -- 10 What to Ask When Buying a Diamond -- Three Colored Gemstones -- 11 The Mystery and Magic of Colored Gems -- 12 Determining Value in Colored Gems -- 13 Fraud and Misrepresentation in Colored Gems -- 14 Buying Colored Gems -- 15 Precious Gemstones -- 16 Other Colored Gems -- Four Important Advice Before you buy -- 17 How to Select a Reputable Jeweler -- 18 How to Select a Reputable Gemologist-Appraiser -- 19 A Word About Investment -- Sources for Additional Information -- A Selected List of Gem-Identification Laboratories -- National Jewelry Associations -- State Jewelers’ Associations -- Selected Readings.
    Abstract: to this edition In working with my own clients to acquire gemstones and jewelry since this book was first published in 1984, they have pointed out that most people buy "jewelry" and not "gemstones." Because the book offers so much practical advice and money-saving tips about buying jewelry, they urged me to change the title. So, in this edition The Complete Guide to Buying Gems has been changed to Jewelry & Gems: The Buying Guide. Consumer and professional response to the book has been very gratifying. Almost 14,000 hardcover copies are in circulation. We have received hundreds of letters, phone calls and in-person comments about the helpfulness and interesting information it provides. We thank you for encouraging us to make the book more widely available by bringing out this softcover edition. We have taken the opportunity of this softcover edition to update the price guides for diamonds and colored gemstones and, in light of the increase in both the popularity and price of pearls, to add a price guide for them in the "Guide to Popular Gems and Their Prices." Also, we want to take this opportunity to comment further on gem invest­ ment, taking into account major developments since the original manuscript was written in 1980.
    Description / Table of Contents: One Getting to Know Gems1 Becoming Intimate with Gems -- 2 Factors of Importance-an Overview -- Two Diamonds -- 3 The Magic of Diamonds -- 4 The Importance of Cut and Proportion -- 5 Body Color -- 6 The Effect of Flaws -- 7 Weight -- 8 How to Spot a Fraud -- 9 Bait or Flamboyant Advertising -- 10 What to Ask When Buying a Diamond -- Three Colored Gemstones -- 11 The Mystery and Magic of Colored Gems -- 12 Determining Value in Colored Gems -- 13 Fraud and Misrepresentation in Colored Gems -- 14 Buying Colored Gems -- 15 Precious Gemstones -- 16 Other Colored Gems -- Four Important Advice Before you buy -- 17 How to Select a Reputable Jeweler -- 18 How to Select a Reputable Gemologist-Appraiser -- 19 A Word About Investment -- Sources for Additional Information -- A Selected List of Gem-Identification Laboratories -- National Jewelry Associations -- State Jewelers’ Associations -- Selected Readings.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401174749
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Specimen Preparation -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Initial Approach to Preparing the Specimen -- 1.3 Area of the Specimen -- 1.4 Surfaces -- 1.5 Sectioning (Sectional Slices) -- 1.6 Melt Pressings -- 1.7 Staining -- 1.8 Final Comments -- 2 Basic Light Microscopy and the Phase Contrast Microscope -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Synthetic Polymers as Specimens for Light Microscopy -- 2.3 Light versus Electron Microscopy of Polymers -- 2.4 Basic Light Microscopy -- 2.5 Applications for Common Light Microscopy -- 2.6 Phase Contrast Microscopy . -- 2.7 Applications for Phase Contrast Microscopy -- 2.8 Dark Ground Microscopy -- References -- 3 Polarized Light: Theory and Measurements -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Light and Its Interaction with Matter -- 3.3 Elliptically and Circularly Polarized Light -- 3.4 The Uniaxial Indicatrix -- 3.5 The Biaxial Indicatrix -- 3.6 Methods of Producing Polarized Light -- 3.7 Types of Birefringence -- 3.8 The Passage of Polarized Light through Thin Birefringent Plates -- 3.9 Polarization Colours -- 3.10 Relation between Orientation and Birefringence -- 3.11 The Polarizing Microscope -- 3.12 Measurement of Optical Path Difference -- 3.13 Compensators -- 3.14 Dispersion of Birefringence -- 3.15 Spectrophotometric Method -- 3.16 The Wedge Method -- 3.17 Use of the Abbé Refractometer -- References -- 4 Polarized Light: Qualitative Microscopy -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Spherulites -- 4.3 Theory of Spherulitic Crystallization -- 4.4 Different Types of Spherulite -- 4.5 Spherulitic Forms of Polypropylene -- 4.6 Effect of Processing on Spherulites -- 4.7 Small Angle Light Scattering -- 4.8 Molecular Orientation -- References -- 5 Modulation Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Techniques -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 General Principles -- 5.3 The Modulation Contrast System -- 5.4 Differential Interference Contrast -- 5.5 Adjusting the Contrast Systems -- 5.6 Comparison with the Phase Contrast Microscope -- 5.7 Reflected Light Work -- 5.8 Image Interpretation -- 5.9 Applications to Polymers -- References -- 6 Interference Microscopy of Polymers -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Basic Principles of Quantitative Microinterferometry -- 6.3 Reflected Light Applications -- 6.4 Interpretation of Surface Interferograms -- 6.5 Some Reflected Light Systems Applicable to Polymers -- 6.6 Transmitted Light Interference Microscopy -- 6.7 Transmitted Light Systems -- 6.8 Compensators -- References -- 7 Ultraviolet and Fluorescence Microscopy -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Equipment and Techniques -- 7.3 Applications to Non-polymer Materials -- 7.4 Non-Microscopic Applications of Fluorescence from Polymers -- 7.5 Applications of UV Microscopy to Synthetic Polymers -- References.
    Abstract: Synthetic polymers make excellent specimens for light microscopy. Despite this, the use of the technique, at least in its advanced forms, is not so widespread as might be expected. Although reliable and relevant data are difficult to find and quantify, it seems that in other fields of materials science and technology there is a greater readiness to tum to the microscope in research, in industrial problem solving, or for quality assessment and control. It also seems that the reasons for the present situation are partly historical, partly the result of the structure of the plastics and rubber industries, and partly the education and training background of senior staff who tend to be chemistry or engineering based. In neither field does light microscopy feature strongly in the basic training. The primary aim of this book is to provide some insight into the range oflight microscopy techniques applicable to polymeric specimens, and to highlight typical applications to commercial polymers and polymer products. Where appropriate, the optical techniques involved are discussed in some detail. However, it has not been the intention to produce a light microscopy textbook dealing with the principles and design of the basic instrument. Many such texts are available, and selected examples are cited in the reference list at the end of most chapters.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Specimen Preparation1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Initial Approach to Preparing the Specimen -- 1.3 Area of the Specimen -- 1.4 Surfaces -- 1.5 Sectioning (Sectional Slices) -- 1.6 Melt Pressings -- 1.7 Staining -- 1.8 Final Comments -- 2 Basic Light Microscopy and the Phase Contrast Microscope -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Synthetic Polymers as Specimens for Light Microscopy -- 2.3 Light versus Electron Microscopy of Polymers -- 2.4 Basic Light Microscopy -- 2.5 Applications for Common Light Microscopy -- 2.6 Phase Contrast Microscopy . -- 2.7 Applications for Phase Contrast Microscopy -- 2.8 Dark Ground Microscopy -- References -- 3 Polarized Light: Theory and Measurements -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Light and Its Interaction with Matter -- 3.3 Elliptically and Circularly Polarized Light -- 3.4 The Uniaxial Indicatrix -- 3.5 The Biaxial Indicatrix -- 3.6 Methods of Producing Polarized Light -- 3.7 Types of Birefringence -- 3.8 The Passage of Polarized Light through Thin Birefringent Plates -- 3.9 Polarization Colours -- 3.10 Relation between Orientation and Birefringence -- 3.11 The Polarizing Microscope -- 3.12 Measurement of Optical Path Difference -- 3.13 Compensators -- 3.14 Dispersion of Birefringence -- 3.15 Spectrophotometric Method -- 3.16 The Wedge Method -- 3.17 Use of the Abbé Refractometer -- References -- 4 Polarized Light: Qualitative Microscopy -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Spherulites -- 4.3 Theory of Spherulitic Crystallization -- 4.4 Different Types of Spherulite -- 4.5 Spherulitic Forms of Polypropylene -- 4.6 Effect of Processing on Spherulites -- 4.7 Small Angle Light Scattering -- 4.8 Molecular Orientation -- References -- 5 Modulation Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Techniques -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 General Principles -- 5.3 The Modulation Contrast System -- 5.4 Differential Interference Contrast -- 5.5 Adjusting the Contrast Systems -- 5.6 Comparison with the Phase Contrast Microscope -- 5.7 Reflected Light Work -- 5.8 Image Interpretation -- 5.9 Applications to Polymers -- References -- 6 Interference Microscopy of Polymers -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Basic Principles of Quantitative Microinterferometry -- 6.3 Reflected Light Applications -- 6.4 Interpretation of Surface Interferograms -- 6.5 Some Reflected Light Systems Applicable to Polymers -- 6.6 Transmitted Light Interference Microscopy -- 6.7 Transmitted Light Systems -- 6.8 Compensators -- References -- 7 Ultraviolet and Fluorescence Microscopy -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Equipment and Techniques -- 7.3 Applications to Non-polymer Materials -- 7.4 Non-Microscopic Applications of Fluorescence from Polymers -- 7.5 Applications of UV Microscopy to Synthetic Polymers -- References.
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789401174770
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 398 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Implants in Medicine and Dentistry -- The importance of bending stresses in the leaflets of pericardial heart valve substitutes -- The tearing strength of chemically modified pericardium -- Prosthetic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction Biomechanical and functional performance -- A comparative analysis of four types of prosthetic anterior cruciate ligament replacement in the goat -- Biomaterials in Otology. Experimental aspects and general clinical implications -- Changes in the material properties and function of pericardial bioprosthetic heart valves in vivo -- Hydrodynamic characteristics of tapered arterial prostheses -- The history of implants in oral surgery -- Osseointegrated implants in the mandible using Nobelpharma Implant System. -- 2 Implant Interaction with Tissue -- Biodegradation and phagocyte/polymer interaction -- Biodegradation-dependent trace element accumulation: A study of calcium phosphate ceramics and polymers -- The interaction between connective tissues and implant materials -- Computer-assisted image analysis in tissue-material interactions -- Titanium implant surfaces -- 3 Tissue/Bone Examination -- Choosing a signal for vibration analysis of fracture healing -- Collagen fibre orientation in bone -- Skeletal strain and the maintenance of bone mass -- Continuous mineral matrices in bone and dentine -- 4 Materials Examination -- Scanning electron microscope appearance of the enamel/composite/bracket boundaries in orthodontic bonding -- Titanium alloys for biomedical applications. -- Experimental mastoid obliteration with hydroxyapatite tricalcium phosphate (Zimmer/Xomed) and fibrin glue (Immuno-Austria) -- Role of design and material on stress distributions of cemented hip prostheses -- The fracture toughness of dental restorative materials -- The etching of biological material in vacuum. Paper I & II -- The Direct Deposition of Carbon, Suitable for Surgical Implants -- 5 Finite Elements in Medicine & Dentistry -- Numerical Modelling — Basis & Applications -- Finite element analysis of the elbow after joint replacement -- The use of finite element stress analysis in the assessment of tooth movement -- A finite element analysis of the natural frequencies of vibration of the human tympanic membrane. Part II -- Mathematical modelling in medicine -- Stresses along the composite resin-dentine interface analysed by the finite element method -- Improvement of mechanical strength of ceramic head for hip prosthesis by means of fitting geometry modifications: A finite element analysis -- 6 Materials Development -- Rubber reinforced polymers for bone cement — morphology and mechanical properties -- Dental application of novel morphology polymers -- Nitrided ferritic steels -- Alumina vs zirconium oxide: a comparative wear test -- 3-D porous alumina-bioglass composite coating (Poral R) for cementless ceramic hip prosthetic cup -- 7 Materials Standards and Safety -- Safety aspects of surgically-implantable devices -- The changing role of industry for implant technology -- Standards in Dentistry and Medicine -- Appendix Abstracts of Contributed Presentations -- Stress analysis using thermal emission -- The application of surface texture measurement for studying the failure of bone implants and dental fillings -- Corrosion resistance of titanium -- Fatigue testing of hip prostheses -- Conformation of adsorbed proteins and enzymes: Chymotrypsin at the polystyrene/water interface -- Interfacial shear strength and penetration of PMMA cement into bone -- History of orthopaedic implants.
    Abstract: The thirty nine papers accepted for pub1 ication in the First International Conference on 'Interfaces in Medicine & Meehani cs' at Swansea in Apri 1, 1988 represent the current state of the art in the science of implant surgery. This initial venture was planned and undertaken when the present editors and their colleagues realised the need for a closer interaction and dialogue between the clinician and. those basic scientists working in the area of implant surgery. Thi s interface, together with the real interface at the material/tissue borders, thus forms the basis of the present conference. These two ideas, we felt, were nicely and effectively captured in the drawing by Edgar Rubins (1915), a perception psycho 1 ogi st, used on the book cover and elsewhere in our 1 iterature. The Proceedings were planned with some difficulty, due to the wi de scope of the conference. However, we felt the best format was to follow the logical progression of implant development. The introductory papers and talks therefore demonstrate the scope of surgical implants in current use. The development of an implant starts with modelling of the proposed implant and its potential environment and the proceedings follow the same format. Following this, materials in current use are discussed.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400922310
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 314 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Culture, Illness, and Healing 15
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Public health ; Anthropology
    Abstract: In this book I present a series of eleven essays written between 1978 and 1987 on subjects relevant to the anthropology of health and international health. The issues addressed in these essays were investigated during 38 months of fieldwork in rural southwest peninsular India (197 4-86) and 15 months of fieldwork in southwest Sri Lanka (1983-84 ). ;During various periods of this time I conducted ethnographic fieldwork, explored the feasibility of participatory community research, facilitated the development of a postgraduate health education training program, and served as a consultant to various international health organizations. The essays document my ongoing attempts to integrate academic interests in the anthropology of health with applications of anthropology for international health and development. The volume is divided into four sections structured around the themes of: ethnophysiology, illness ethnography, pharmaceutical related behavior, and health communication. Included are studies of fertility and pregnancy (Chapters 1 and 2), states of malnutrition and approaches to nutrition education (Chapters 5 and 11 ), diarrheal disease and water boiling behavior (Chapters 6 and 1 0), and lay perceptions of fertility control methods and medicines (Chapters 3 and 7). Emerging from these studies is a recognition that perceptions of ethnophysiology and contingent health concerns signifi­ cantly influence health behavior and the use as well as demand for traditional and modern health resources.
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  • 100
    ISBN: 9789401734448
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 236 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 112
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 112
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Social sciences Methodology ; Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: Without of course adopting a Platonic metaphysics, the eighteenth-century philosophes were Grecophiles who regarded the Athenian philosophers as their intellectual forbearers and mentors. So powerful was their identification with c1assification that ancient ideas were taken as keys to the design of the modem world, but usually the ideas were taken separately and as divided from their systematic context. The power of number was an idea the En­ lightenment thinkers deployed with their legendary passion and vigor, particularly as an instrument for social reconstruction. It is no exaggemtion to say that the role of quantities in contemporary social scientific theorizing cannot be understood with any depth absent a recollection of the philosophes' axial development of the notion of quantification. It is a commonplace that for the philosophes progress required releasing human abilities to have power over nature. Aprerequisite for this power was knowledge of the underlying causes of natural events, knowledge that required quantitative precision. Enlightenment thinkers were sufficiently aware of themselves as products of their time to appreciate the importance of a liberal social environment to the knowledge enterprise; the supposition that the reverse is also the case, that enhanced knowledge could advance social conditions, came easily.
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