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  • 1
    ISBN: 9789401023696
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, Modern.
    Abstract: Russell’s Early Philosophy -- An Inventory of the World -- Infidelity to Realism -- A Commentary to Wittgenstein’s Tractatus -- to the Commentary -- A Commentary to the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus -- Conclusions from the Commentary -- The Viennese and English Disciples -- Viennese Positivism in the United States -- Linguistic Analysis Versus Metaphysics -- The Saving Elements -- The Metaphysics of Logical Positivism -- Reflections after Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations.
    Abstract: physical realist heavily bverlaid with the interpretation afforded by linguistic analysis, so he changed, too. But at the time, which was approximately during the second decade of the twentieth century, they were no doubt very close in their views. Russell acknowledged the influence of Wittgenstein in several places in the 1918 lectures on logical atomism. Wittgenstein might not have written the Tractatus had Russell not given the lectures on logical atomism, or at least had he not maintained the views there expressed. Certainly it is true in a very large sense that the Tractatus may be interpreted as a commentary on the 1918 lectures of Russell. Wittgenstein certainly did not hear them but, as Russell said, the topics were discussed together; and the debt of the Tractatus to the views of the contents of the lectures is obvious. Since Wittgenstein was the pupil and Russell the teacher, we may assume, despite the mutual influence, that the greater effect was Russell's. There is no space in which to go into a thorough analysis of the predecessors of Wittgenstein and of the influences upon him. In addition, there is not sufficient data. One clue, however, we are given. One of his friends has informed us that Wittgenstein "did read and enjoy Plato" and "recognized congenial features" in his philosophical method 1, although, to be sure, Wittgenstein is not said to have been a great reader of philosophy.
    Description / Table of Contents: Russell’s Early PhilosophyAn Inventory of the World -- Infidelity to Realism -- A Commentary to Wittgenstein’s Tractatus -- to the Commentary -- A Commentary to the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus -- Conclusions from the Commentary -- The Viennese and English Disciples -- Viennese Positivism in the United States -- Linguistic Analysis Versus Metaphysics -- The Saving Elements -- The Metaphysics of Logical Positivism -- Reflections after Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations.
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789401027588
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (254p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Introduction: Method, Domain and Findings -- 1. The understanding of science -- 2. The definition of science -- 3. The principal divisions of science -- 4. The multi-stage process -- 5. Beyond the mesocosm -- 6. The interpretation of science -- 7. The theory of practice -- 8. From theory to practice -- 9. Technology -- 10. From practice to theory -- 11. Cross-field applications -- 12. The aims of this handbook -- II. The Search for Data: Observation -- 1. Simple observation -- 2. Controlled observation -- 3. Observed facts -- III. The Search for Hypotheses: Induction -- 1. The derivation of classes -- 2. The formulation of inductions -- IV. The Adoption of an Hypotheses -- 1. Definition and description -- 2. Character -- 3. Criteria -- 4. Kinds -- 5. Occasions -- 6. Discovery -- 7. Function -- 8. Indispensability -- 9. Adoption -- V. The Testing of Hypotheses: Experiment -- 1. The meaning of “experiment” -- 2. The design of experiments -- 3. The logic of experiments -- 4. Experimental criteria -- 5. The use of instruments -- 6. Measurement -- 7. The use of techniques -- 8. Experimenting -- 9. Types of experiments -- 10. Varieties of results -- 11. Interpretations of the data -- 12. Empirical probability -- VI. The Testing of Theories: Calculation -- 1. The stage of mathematical verification -- 2. The requirements of a good scientific theory -- 3. The application of mathematics from the standpoint of mathematics -- 4. The application of mathematics from the standpoint of empirical formulations -- 5. Advanced mathematical verification -- 6. Difficulties of final formulations -- 7. The aim of deductive structures -- 8. Mathematical probability and causal law -- VII. The Testing of Laws: Prediction and Control -- 1. Prediction -- 2. Control -- 3. The end of scientific investigation -- VIII. Types of Empirical Discoveries -- 1. Empirical systems -- 2. Empirical areas -- 3. Laws -- 4. Entities -- 5. Processes -- 6. Formulas and rules -- 7. Procedural principles -- 8. The limits of empirical discovery -- References.
    Abstract: There remains only the obligation to thank those who have helped me with specific suggestions and the editors who have kindly granted permission to reprint material which first appeared in the pages of their journals. To the former group belong Alan B. Brinkley and Max O. Hocutt Portion of chap­ ters I and VI were published in Philosophy of Science; of chapters IV and V in Perspectives in Biology and Medicine; of chapter VIII in Dialectica; of chapter IX in The British lournal for the Philosophy of Science; and of chapter XIII in Synthese. J.K.F. New Orleans, 1971 PREFACE In this book I have tried to describe the scientific method, understood as the hypothetico-experimental technique of investigation which has been prac­ ticed so successfully in the physical sciences. It is the first volume of a three-volume work on the philosophy of science, each of which, however, is complete and independent. A second volume will contain an account of the domain in which the method operates and a history of empiricism. A third volume will be devoted to the philosophy of science proper: the metaphysics and epistemology presupposed by the method, its logical structure, and the ethical implications of its results.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Introduction: Method, Domain and Findings1. The understanding of science -- 2. The definition of science -- 3. The principal divisions of science -- 4. The multi-stage process -- 5. Beyond the mesocosm -- 6. The interpretation of science -- 7. The theory of practice -- 8. From theory to practice -- 9. Technology -- 10. From practice to theory -- 11. Cross-field applications -- 12. The aims of this handbook -- II. The Search for Data: Observation -- 1. Simple observation -- 2. Controlled observation -- 3. Observed facts -- III. The Search for Hypotheses: Induction -- 1. The derivation of classes -- 2. The formulation of inductions -- IV. The Adoption of an Hypotheses -- 1. Definition and description -- 2. Character -- 3. Criteria -- 4. Kinds -- 5. Occasions -- 6. Discovery -- 7. Function -- 8. Indispensability -- 9. Adoption -- V. The Testing of Hypotheses: Experiment -- 1. The meaning of “experiment” -- 2. The design of experiments -- 3. The logic of experiments -- 4. Experimental criteria -- 5. The use of instruments -- 6. Measurement -- 7. The use of techniques -- 8. Experimenting -- 9. Types of experiments -- 10. Varieties of results -- 11. Interpretations of the data -- 12. Empirical probability -- VI. The Testing of Theories: Calculation -- 1. The stage of mathematical verification -- 2. The requirements of a good scientific theory -- 3. The application of mathematics from the standpoint of mathematics -- 4. The application of mathematics from the standpoint of empirical formulations -- 5. Advanced mathematical verification -- 6. Difficulties of final formulations -- 7. The aim of deductive structures -- 8. Mathematical probability and causal law -- VII. The Testing of Laws: Prediction and Control -- 1. Prediction -- 2. Control -- 3. The end of scientific investigation -- VIII. Types of Empirical Discoveries -- 1. Empirical systems -- 2. Empirical areas -- 3. Laws -- 4. Entities -- 5. Processes -- 6. Formulas and rules -- 7. Procedural principles -- 8. The limits of empirical discovery -- References.
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789401511162
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 134 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Tulane Studies in Philosophy 20
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Aesthetics ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Toward A Phenomenological Aesthetic of Cinema -- Is Gracefulness A Supervenient Property? -- Value and Artistic Value in Le Senne’s Philosophy -- Bad Art -- Psychical Distance and Temporality -- C. I. Lewis and the Paradox of the Esthetic -- On the Nature of Ultimate Values in the Fine Arts.
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789401032582
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (114p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Tulane Studies in Philosophy 19
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Aesthetics ; Arts.
    Abstract: The Concept of “Isolation” in Contemporary Aesthetic Theory -- Poiesis and Cosmos -- The Art of the Philosophy of Art -- Kierkegaard on the Unity of Comedy and Tragedy -- Action, Perception and Art -- Structures in Art Media -- Truth in Art -- The Play of Tragedy.
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789401031974
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Tulane Studies in Philosophy 18
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: History, The Sciences, and Uniqueness -- Knowledge, Adaptive Responses, and the Ecosystem -- The Scepticism of George Santayana -- The Case for Moral Cognitivism -- The Reality Game -- Two views of the Nature of Knowledge -- C.G. Jung and the a Priori -- Nietzsche and the Problem of Knowledge -- The Epistemological Views of a “Social Behoviorist”.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401031653
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (190p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of mind. ; Self. ; Ethics. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: one: Introduction and Method -- I. The Subjective Digression -- II. A Synthetic Method for the Study of Empirical Ontology -- two: Nature -- III. Formal Materialism: The New Version -- IV. Full Concreteness and the Re-materialization of Matter -- V. A Material Theory of Reference -- VI. How Abstract Things Survive -- three: Human Nature -- VII. Artifactualism -- VIII. The Ambivalence of Aggression and the Moralization of Man -- IX. Human Nature and Institutions -- X. Cultural Conditioning -- four: The Limits of Nature -- XI. Spirit as a Property of Matter -- XII. A Religion for the New Materialism -- XIII. God -- References.
    Abstract: A wholly new theory of matter has been advanced in the last half century by modern physics, but there has been no new theory of ma­ terialism to match it. The occurrence of a revolution of such magni­ tude in science will have to be understood as calling for a corresponding one in philosophy. The present work is an attempt to make a start in that direction. Grateful acknowledgment is hereby made to the Editors of the fol­ lowing journals for permission to reprint articles which first appeared in their pages: to Darshana for "Human Nature and Institutions"; to Diogenes for "Full Concreteness and the Re-Materialization of Matter"; to Perspectives in Biology and Medicine for "The Ambiva­ lence of Aggression and the Moralization of Man"; to Philosophy and Phenomenological Research for "Formal Materialism Reconfirmed" (which appears here revised and extended as "Formal Materialism: The New Version"), and for "Artifactualism: The Origin of Man and His Tools"; to Philosophy Today for "How Abstract Objects Survive"; to Religious Studies for "A Religion for the New Materialism"; and to Tulane Studies in PhilosoPhy for "A Material Theory of Reference. " PART ONE INTRODUCTION AND METHOD CHAPTER I THE SUBJECTIVE DIGRESSION Every philosophy endeavors to be as comprehensive as possible, and when philosophers speak they do so for the whole world.
    Description / Table of Contents: one: Introduction and MethodI. The Subjective Digression -- II. A Synthetic Method for the Study of Empirical Ontology -- two: Nature -- III. Formal Materialism: The New Version -- IV. Full Concreteness and the Re-materialization of Matter -- V. A Material Theory of Reference -- VI. How Abstract Things Survive -- three: Human Nature -- VII. Artifactualism -- VIII. The Ambivalence of Aggression and the Moralization of Man -- IX. Human Nature and Institutions -- X. Cultural Conditioning -- four: The Limits of Nature -- XI. Spirit as a Property of Matter -- XII. A Religion for the New Materialism -- XIII. God -- References.
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