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  • 1
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    Semantics II: Interpretation and Truth (1974)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401099226
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (223p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Treatise on Basic Philosophy 2
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Semantics ; Science—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Kurzfassung: Of Semantics II -- 6. Interpretation -- 1. Kinds of Interpretation -- 2. Mathematical Interpretation -- 3. Factual Interpretation -- 4. Pragmatic Aspects -- 5. Concluding Remarks -- 7. Meaning -- 1. Babel -- 2. The Synthetic View -- 3. Meaning Invariance and Change -- 4. Factual and Empirical Meanings -- 5. Meaning et alia -- 6. Concluding Remarks -- 8. Truth -- 1. Kinds of Truth -- 2. Truth of Reason and Truth of Fact -- 3. Degrees of Truth -- 4. Truth et alia -- 5. Closing Remarks -- 9. Offshoots -- 1. Extension -- 2. Vagueness -- 3. Definite Description -- 10. Neighbors -- 1. Mathematics -- 2. Logic -- 3. Epistemology -- 4. Metaphysics -- 5. Parting Words -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-9922-6
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  • 2
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    Treatise on Basic Philosophy : Semantics I: Sense and Reference (1974)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401099202
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (198p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Treatise on Basic Philosophy, Semantics I: Sense and Reference 1
    Serie: Treatise on Basic Philosophy 1
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Semantics ; Science—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Kurzfassung: of Semantics I -- 1. Goal -- 2. Method -- 1. Designation -- 1. Symbol and Idea -- 2. Designation -- 3. Metaphysical Concomitants -- 2. Reference -- 1. Motivation -- 2. The Reference Relation -- 3. The Reference Functions -- 4. Factual Reference -- 5. Relevance -- 6. Conclusion -- 3. Representation -- 1. Conceptual Representation -- 2. The Representation Relation -- 3. Modeling -- 4. Semantic Components of a Scientific Theory -- 5. Conclusion -- 4. Intension -- 1. Form is not Everything -- 2. A Calculus of Intensions -- 3. Some Relatives — Kindred and in Law -- 4. Concluding Remarks -- 5. Gist and Content -- 1. Closed Contexts -- 2. Sense as Purport or Logical Ancestry -- 3. Sense as Import or Logical Progeny -- 4. Full Sense -- 5. Conclusion -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: In this Introduction we shall sketch a profile of our field of inquiry. This is necessary because semantics is too often mistaken for lexicography and therefore dismissed as trivial, while at other times it is disparaged for being concerned with reputedly shady characters such as meaning and allegedly defunct ones like truth. Moreover our special concern, the semantics of science, is a newcomer - at least as a systematic body - and therefore in need of an introduction. l. GOAL Semantics is the field of inquiry centrally concerned with meaning and truth. It can be empirical or nonempirical. When brought to bear on concrete objects, such as a community of speakers, semantics seeks to answer problems concerning certain linguistic facts - such as disclosing the interpretation code inherent in the language or explaning the speakers' ability or inability to utter and understand new sentences ofthe language. This kind of semantics will then be both theoretical and experimental: it will be a branch of what used to be called 'behavioral science'.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-9920-2
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  • 3
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    Method, Model and Matter (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401025195
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (204p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 44
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 44
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Introduction: On Method in the Philosophy of Science -- I: Scientific Method -- 2. Testability Today -- 3. Is Biology Methodologically Unique? -- 4. The Axiomatic Method in Physics -- II: Conceptual Models -- 5. Concepts of Model -- 6. Analogy, Simulation, Representation -- 7. Mathematical Modeling in Social Science -- III: Metaphysics -- 8. Is Scientific Metaphysics Possible? -- 9. The Metaphysics, Epistemology, and Methodology of Levels -- 10. How do Realism, Materialism and Dialectics Fare in Contemporary Science? -- Name Index.
    Kurzfassung: This collection of essays deals with three clusters of problems in the philo­ sophy of science: scientific method, conceptual models, and ontological underpinnings. The disjointedness of topics is more apparent than real, since the whole book is concerned with the scientific knowledge of fact. Now, the aim of factual knowledge is the conceptual grasping of being, and this understanding is provided by theories of whatever there may be. If the theories are testable and specific, such as a theory of a particular chemical reaction, then they are often called 'theoretical models' and clas­ sed as scientific. If the theories are extremely general, like a theory of syn­ thesis and dissociation without any reference to a particular kind of stuff, then they may be called 'metaphysical' - as well as 'scientific' if they are consonant with science. Between these two extremes there is a whole gamut of kinds of factual theories. Thus the entire spectrum should be dominated by the scientific method, quite irrespective of the subject matter. This is the leitmotiv of the present book. The introductory chapter, on method in the philosophy of science, tackles the question 'Why don't scientists listen to their philosophers?'.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2519-5
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  • 4
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    Philosophy of Physics (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401025225
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (IX, 251 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 45
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 45
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: 1 / Philosophy: Beacon or Trap -- 2 / Foundations: Clarity and Order -- 3 / Physical Theory: Overview -- 4 / The Referents of a Physical Theory -- 5 / Quantum Mechanics in Search of its Referent -- 6 / Analogy and Complementarity -- 7 / The Axiomatic Format -- 8 / Examples and Advantages of Axiomatics -- 9 / The Network of Theories -- 10 / The Theory/Experiment Interface -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: This book deals with some of the current issues in the philosophy, methodology and foundations of physics. Some such problems are: - Do mathematical formalisms interpret themselves or is it necessary to adjoin them interpretation assumptions, and if so how are these as­ sumptions to be framed? - What are physical theories about: physical systems or laboratory operations or both or neither? - How are the basic concepts of a theory to be introduced: by ref­ erence to measurements or by explicit definition or axiomatically? - What is the use ofaxiomatics in physics? - How are the various physical theories inter-related: like Chinese boxes or in more complex ways? - What is the role of analogy in the construction and in the inter­ pretation of physical theories? In particular, are classical analogues like those of particle and wave indispensable in quantum theories? - What is the role of the apparatus in quantum phenomena and what is the place of measurement theory in quantum mechanics? - How does a theory face experiment: single-handed or with the help of further theories? These and several other questions of the kind are met with by the research physicist, the physics teacher and the physics student in their everyday work. If dodged they will recur. And a wrong answer to them may obscure the understanding of what has been achieved and may even hamper further advancement. Philosophy, methodology and foundations, like rose bushes, are enjoyable when cultivated but become ugly and thorny when neglected.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2522-5
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  • 5
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    Exact Philosophy : Problems, Tools, and Goals (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401025164
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (224p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 50
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 50
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I: Logic -- Matters of Relevance -- Notions of Relevance. Comments on Leblanc’s Paper -- II: Semantics -- Translation and Reduction -- A Program for the Semantics of Science -- III: Erotetics -- S-P Interrogatives -- IV: Philosophy of Mathematics -- Foundations as a Branch of Mathematics -- Naturalism in Mathematics. Comments on Hatcher’s Paper -- V: Philosophy of Science -- Deductive Explanation of Scientific Laws -- VI: Metaphysics -- Concepts of Randomness -- VII: Ethics -- The Logic of Conditional Obligation -- On Evaluating Deontic Logics. Comments on van Fraassen’s Paper -- VIII: Legal Philosophy -- The Intuitive Background of Normative Legal Discourse and Its Formalization -- IX: History of Philosophy -- Plato’s Phaedo Theory of Relations.
    Kurzfassung: The papers that follow were read and discussed at the first Symposium on Exact Philosophy. This conference was held at Montreal on November 4th and 5th, 1971, to celebrate the sesquicentennial of McGill University and establish the Society for Exact Philosophy. The expression 'exact philosophy' is taken to signify mathematical phi­ losophy, i.e., philosophy done with the explicit help of mathematical logic and mathematics. So far the expression denotes an attitude rather than a fully blown discipline: it intends to convey the intention to try and pro­ ceed in as exact a manner as we can in formulating and discussing phi­ losophical problems and theories. The kind of philosophy we wish to practice and promote is disciplined rather than wild, systematic rather than disconnected, and capable of being argued over rather than oracular. We believe that even metaphysics, notoriously riotous, can be subjected to the control of logic and mathematics. Even the history of philosophy, notoriously unsystematic, can benefit from an exact reconstruction of some classical ideas.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2516-4
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  • 6
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    The Methodological Unity of Science (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401026673
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (280p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Theory and Decision Library, An International Series in the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 3
    Serie: Theory and Decision Library 3
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    Schlagwort(e): Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Kurzfassung: I: Introduction -- Bertrand Russell’s regulae philosophandi -- II: Formal Science -- Mathematics and Ontology -- Gaps Between Logical Theory and Mathematical Practice -- III: Physics -- Relativity and Covariance -- IV: Biology -- Preliminary Remarks on the Organ-Function Relation -- The Logical Status of the Theory of Natural Selection and Other Evolutionary Controversies -- V: Psychology -- On Confusing ‘Measure’ with ‘Measurement’ in the Methodology of Behavioral Science -- Theoretical Concepts in Neobehavioristic Theories -- VI: Political Science -- Voting Rules and Coordination Problems -- VII: Historiography -- Historical Time and a New Conception of the Historical Sciences -- VIII: Ethics -- Some Problems of Ought-Utilitarianism, Valuation, and Deontic Logic -- IX: Metaphysics -- Human Freedom and 1568 Versions of Determinism and Indeterminism.
    Kurzfassung: The present volume collects some of the talks given at the Bertrand Russell Colloquium on Exact Philosophy, attached to the McGill University Foundations and Philosophy of Science Unit. It also includes a paper, on Bertrand Russell's method of philosophizing, read at the memorial symposium held at Sir Gorge Williams University shortly after the philosopher's death. All the papers appear here for the first time. Unlike many a philosophy of science anthology, this one is not center­ ed on the philosophy of physics. In fact the papers deal with conceptual and, in particular, philosophical problems that pop up in almost every one of the provinces of the vast territory constituted by the foundations, meth­ odology and philosophy of science. A couple of border territories which are in the process of being infiltrated have been added for good measure. The inclusion of papers in the philosophy of formal science and in the philosophies of physics and of biology, in a volume belonging to a series devoted to the philosophy and methodology of the social and behavioral sciences, should raise no eyebrows. Because the sciences of man make use of logic and mathematics, they are interested in questions such as whether the formal sciences have anything to do with reality (rather than with our theories about reality) and whether or not logic has kept up with the practice of mathematicians. These two problems are tackled in Part II, on the philosophy of formal science.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2667-3
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  • 7
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    Problems in the Foundations of Physics (1971)
    Berlin : Springer
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    ISBN: 9783642806247
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in the Foundations, Methodology and Philosophy of Science 4
    DDC: 530
    Schlagwort(e): Physics
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-80624-7
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