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  • Economics  (6,632)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    ISBN: 9781394161331
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (432 pages) , illustrations
    Edition: Fourth edition.
    Series Statement: For dummies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Learn the basics of economics and keep up to date on our ever-changing economy. Whether you’re studying economics in high school or college, or you’re just interested in taking a peek into the complexities of how money moves, Economics For Dummies is the go-to reference that transforms complex economic concepts into easy-to-understand reading. With the simple explanations in this book, you’ll master key topics like supply and demand, consumer behavior, and how governments and central banks attempt to avoid—or at least ameliorate—business downturns and recessions. Plus, you’ll learn what’s going on these days with inflation, interest rates, labor shortages, and the Federal Reserve. Studying for an exam? This Dummies guide has your back, with online practice and chapter quizzes to help you get the score you need. It’s time to recon econ, the Dummies way. Economics For Dummies is an approachable reference book for students, as well as an informative guide for anyone interested in learning more about today’s economy.
    Note: Includes index. - Description based on print version record
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 3 | volume:23 | year:2024 | number:3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 3
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Keywords: Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: The growth of strategic budget initiatives – such as gender budgeting and green budgeting - has been a prominent trend in OECD countries. This is driven by a desire to use the budget to help deliver transformational change in relation to key policy priorities demanding a whole-of-government response. This paper outlines the emergence of strategic budget initiatives across OECD countries and offers some preliminary observations on how these initiatives are being designed and implemented.
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9781003213406 , 9781032455068 , 9781032455082 , 9781003377313
    Language: English
    DDC: 305.26094
    Keywords: Business & management ; Economics ; Microeconomics ; Economic theory & philosophy ; Labour economics ; Economics of aging; health economics; labour economics; structural change; composition of demand; European Union
    Abstract: The definition of “old” has evolved intensively over the years due to demographic changes, and the aging population is one of the most frequently discussed issues in recent decades. The profile of the 21st century senior is completely different from the senior in the second half of the 20th century, not to mention earlier periods in history. As an increasing group of benefactors of human activity, they create demand for products and experiences. The system of goods and services that aims to leverage their purchasing potential and satisfy their consumption needs, including living, health, tourism, cultural, information, and communication needs, has been referred to as the so-called Silver Economy. The book reviews the phenomenon of aging of the EU's population over 50. It also presents a multidimensional view of the potential for the development of this group's economic, social, medical, family, personal and technological demand in the early 21st century. The book analyzes the market behavior of seniors and argues that the Silver Economy will grow in importance and profitability every year in various areas, both public and private. This includes health, finance, employment, leisure and well-being, education, and the use of digital tools. This publication is recommended for policymakers and business players who are considering how to achieve economic development through the growing and changing demand of the aging population. For the world is now facing a challenge that no community has ever faced before - the coexistence of a long-lived population on the one hand and the growing popularity of digital technologies on the other.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Taylor & Francis | The Hague : OAPEN FOUNDATION
    ISBN: 9781003150398 , 9780367713324 , 9780367713454
    Language: English
    Series Statement: Routledge International Handbooks
    DDC: 305.26
    Keywords: Labour economics ; Economics ; Medicolegal issues ; Population & demography ; Age groups: the elderly ; economics of ageing,labour economics,generational accounting,health economics,Population Ageing,NTA,Pension Systems,Health Deficits,Pension Reforms,Assortative Matching,Younger Men,Labor Income,Normal Retirement Age,Public Transfers,Income Replacement Rate,OLG Model,Life Cycle Model,Age Profiles,Human Development Index,Retirement Age,Frailty Index,Dependency Ratio,Spousal Health,Differential Mortality,Vice Versa,Public Pension,Effective Retirement Ages,Healthcare Spending,Demographic Transition
    Abstract: Ageing populations pose some of the foremost global challenges of this century. Drawing on an international pool of scholars, this cutting-edge Handbook surveys the micro, macro and institutional aspects of the economics of ageing. Structured in seven parts, the volume addresses a broad range of themes, including health economics, labour economics, pensions and social security, generational accounting, wealth inequality and regional perspectives. Each chapter combines a succinct overview of the state of current research with a sketch of a promising future research agenda. This Handbook will be an essential resource for advanced students, researchers and policymakers looking at the economics of ageing across the disciplines of economics, demography, public policy, public health and beyond.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore, Singapore : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9789819953622
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Human Geography ; Social Theory ; Urban Policy ; Economics ; Urban Sociology ; Regional and Spatial Economics ; Human geography ; Social sciences / Philosophy ; Urban policy ; Economics ; Sociology, Urban ; Regional economics ; Spatial economics ; Electronic books.
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9781032455068 , 9781032455082
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p.)
    DDC: 305.26094
    Keywords: Business & management ; Economics ; Microeconomics ; Economic theory & philosophy ; Labour economics ; Economics of aging; health economics; labour economics; structural change; composition of demand; European Union
    Abstract: This chapter is to demonstrate the challenges related to free time of seniors (especially EU residents) in the 21st century. The starting point for the considerations was to explain the concept of free time and to specify its characteristics, functions, and ways of using it. The structure of the seniors' time budget and leisure activities undertaken by this group were analyzed (based on Eurostat data). Subsequently, one of the important forms of free time management, that is, tourism, was studied. First, the essence of tourist activity was discussed and the reasons for undertaking it in the autumn of life. Second, the functions of senior tourism were distinguished and data on the participation of seniors from EU countries in it were presented. Third, taking into account that the concept of active aging is increasingly the participation in various types of courses, trainings, workshops, etc., the chapter defines the place of seniors in the process of lifelong learning. The tasks of the University of the Third Age (U3A) were systematized and the available data on the participation of European seniors in educational programs were analyzed. The conclusion emphasizes the heterogeneity of the silver head segment.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    ISBN: 9781003351382
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (vii, 138 Seiten) , 1 Diagramm
    Edition: First edition
    Series Statement: Routledge frontiers of political economy
    Keywords: International business ; Economics ; Political economy ; Geopolitics ; China ; USA ; Europäische Union ; Staatskunst ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Geschichte 1500-2020
    Abstract: This book provides insights on the art of governing a state and managing its external relations from a wealth-power logic. It looks at "economic statecraft", which consists of wealth production, wealth mobilization, and wealth-power conversion by a state. This book reconceptualizes what economic statecraft is and proposes a new theory focused on wealth-power conversion. With a long historic perspective, this book goes through the modern history of Western powers practicing economic statecraft since 1500, and presents three case studies, the United States, the European Union, and China, the three biggest users of economic statecraft in the contemporary world. The book serves as an ideal reference for policy makers, businesspeople, and researchers whose work touch upon either wealth creation, power projection, or the combination of both.
    Note: Enthält Literaturangaben und ein Register
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Cover
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Taylor & Francis | The Hague : OAPEN FOUNDATION
    ISBN: 9780367713324 , 9780367713454
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 p.)
    Additional Information: Enthalten in The Routledge Handbook of the Economics of Ageing
    DDC: 305.26
    Keywords: Labour economics ; Economics ; Medicolegal issues ; Population & demography ; Age groups: the elderly ; Healthy Life Expectancy,Universal Health Coverage,Human Development Index,Medium Variant Projections,PLHIV,Lower Middle Income Countries,Healthy Ageing,Demographic Transition,Country Income Groups,ITU,Hypertensive Heart Disease,High Income Countries,Northern America,Age Related Hearing Loss,Lower Respiratory Infection,Population Ageing,Alzheimer’s Disease,WPP,Ageing World,Ischemic Heart Disease,Global Burden,Crude Death Rate
    Abstract: Ageing populations pose some of the foremost global challenges of this century. Drawing on an international pool of scholars, this cutting-edge Handbook surveys the micro, macro and institutional aspects of the economics of ageing. Structured in seven parts, the volume addresses a broad range of themes, including health economics, labour economics, pensions and social security, generational accounting, wealth inequality and regional perspectives. Each chapter combines a succinct overview of the state of current research with a sketch of a promising future research agenda. This Handbook will be an essential resource for advanced students, researchers and policymakers looking at the economics of ageing across the disciplines of economics, demography, public policy, public health and beyond.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9781003353560 , 1003353568 , 9781000994131 , 1000994139 , 9781000994209 , 1000994201
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Routledge advances in sociology
    DDC: 306.3094
    Keywords: Sociology Economic aspects ; Economics Sociological aspects ; Economics ; SOCIAL SCIENCE / Sociology / General ; Europe Social conditions ; Europe Economic conditions
    Abstract: "This volume examines the interplay of society and economy against the backdrop of recent crises as well as technological, political and social change in Europe. Covering a range of case studies from different European countries and regions, the contributions analyse the effects of recent challenges such as the Corona Pandemic, the rise of economic nationalism, the functioning of illegal markets, as well as changes in markets and other economic institutions. The book presents the current state of European economic sociological perspectives as well as an overview of the latest theoretical and methodological advancements in the field. It will appeal to students and scholars of economic sociology, economics, political science, political economy, and comparative capitalism research"--...
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9783031507472
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXIX, 439 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Palgrave studies in agricultural economics and food policy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rahman, Andaleeb The future of India's social safety nets
    Keywords: Social policy. ; Agriculture ; Development economics. ; Economic history. ; Economics. ; Social Safety Nets ; Indian Welfare Safe ; Food Policy in India ; Political Economy ; Governance ; Development Economics ; Health Care ; Poverty ; Public Distribution System (PDS) ; Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme ; Political economy ; Central / national / federal government policies ; Agricultural science ; Development economics and emerging economies ; Economics ; Social Safety Nets ; Indian Welfare Safe ; Food Policy in India ; Political Economy ; Governance ; Development Economics ; Health Care ; Poverty ; Public Distribution System (PDS) ; Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
    Abstract: India has learned what to do and what not to do when it comes to implementing policy to address human suffering. The COVID-19 pandemic unified the international response in similar ways, and the world has a lot to learn about key initiatives in India that have been implemented since India's independence. This open-access book includes key learnings about the conceptualization, design, and impact of social welfare programs in India spanning more than a 75-year period. The Future of India's Social Safety Nets provides a comprehensive analysis of these systems by combining insights from a wealth of interdisciplinary scholarship on social protection, economic development, and social policy. It covers India’s social development in terms of three essential aspects of policy design: focus (intended beneficiaries), form (transfer modalities), and scope (developmental objectives). Highlighting the developmental achievements and shortcomings of the myriad of social welfare schemes, this book proposes a framework to foster human resilience through social protection. This is an open-access book
    Note: English
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9780197673577
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource , illustrations.
    Series Statement: Oxford handbooks online
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 330.9
    Keywords: Economic geography ; International economic relations ; Economics ; Economics
    Abstract: This handbook is currently in development, with individual articles publishing online in advance of print publication. At this time, we cannot add information about unpublished articles in this handbook, however the table of contents will continue to grow as additional articles pass through the review process and are added to the site. Please note that the online publication date for this handbook is the date that the first article in the title was published online.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references. - Description based on online resource; title from home page (viewed on February 20, 2024)
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  • 12
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1789
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The paper reviews the diverse experience of OECD countries in establishing and running independent fiscal institutions, offering insights that could be useful for Latin American countries seeking to set-up and strengthen those institutions in the region. Through cluster analysis, we identify different types of OECD independent fiscal institutions and draw practical lessons from cases studies. We also identify key features that could serve as a road map for Latin American countries in their efforts to establish or enhance independent fiscal institutions.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264700079 , 9789264352063 , 9789264592322
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Informelle Wirtschaft ; Niedriglohn ; Schwarzarbeit ; Qualifikation ; Soziale Mobilität ; Education ; Economics ; Development
    Abstract: This report adds two perspectives on informality. First, it disassembles the mechanics of the deleterious links between informal employment, low-paying work and low skills. It shows that informal employment is highly persistent, and that the vulnerability of informal workers is passed on to their children in the absence of adequate education, skills and social protection policy. Second, the report underscores the double burden of informality and low-paying work that a large share of workers in developing and emerging economies carry, and as such calls for policy solutions that go beyond the formalisation agenda and embrace the goal of social justice.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789264343115 , 9789264396784 , 9789264782051
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (203 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Privater Konsum ; Sparen ; Privater Haushalt ; Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung ; Einkommensverteilung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: This publication presents guidance for the compilation of distributional results on household income, consumption and saving consistent with national accounts totals. These results are a key input for evidence-based policies targeting inequality and fostering inclusive growth, providing insights into key dimensions of material well-being across household groups. The results complement existing inequality measures by including elements that are often lacking from micro statistics and by providing inequality measures consistent with macroeconomic aggregates, broadening the scope for analyses, while also capturing households and transactions that are typically underrepresented in micro data. Moreover, while the estimates do require a number of statistical choices and assumptions, they have a high degree of international comparability because of the common methodology and their alignment to national accounts results. The handbook provides an overview of the conceptual framework underlying the distributional results and discusses various aspects in relation to the compilation and presentation of the distributional results. It aims to assist compilers in deriving high-quality distributional results and to provide users with more insights into the main benefits of these results as well as into the way that the results have been derived.
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  • 15
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (59 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1790
    Keywords: Infrastrukturinvestition ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Brasilien ; Economics
    Abstract: Infrastructure investment has been low in Brazil over the last decades, leaving significant gaps in all infrastructure sectors. To close these gaps, public investment will need to increase and become more effective, while additional private resources need to be mobilised. Improving strategic planning and effectively translating it into budget allocations over time would increase the quality of infrastructure projects. Promoting foreign participation in public procurement would raise competition and value for public money, while strengthening the governance of SOEs would enhance the quality of infrastructure services. Minimising policy and judicial risks would help to leverage more private infrastructure financing, including at longer maturities, while ensuring an adequate risk sharing between public and private actors.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9789264996526 , 9789264451674 , 9789264920927
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (183 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Budgetinzidenz ; Kanada ; Frankreich ; Irland ; Italien ; Südkorea ; Niederlande ; Neuseeland ; Schweden ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Governance
    Abstract: In many countries, public expenditure, including transfers, plays a major role in reducing income inequality. The report reviews the various ways that budgeting can be used to this end. A first includes taking a broad approach to results-based budgeting, taking social and distributional goals into consideration. A second relies on integrating distributional impact analysis directly into the budget process. The report discusses the concrete experience of eight OECD countries in this area, analysing how they are integrating distributional impact assessment in spending and budgeting decisions. Finally, it discusses the tools, frameworks and data that are needed to take distributional considerations into account as part of evidence-informed policy making.
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  • 17
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1792
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Japan faces serious demographic headwinds. Under current fertility, employment and immigration rates, the population would fall by 45% by 2100 and employment by 52%. Given the challenges of a shrinking and ageing population, the government has pledged to “create a children-first economic society and reverse the birth rate decline”. One priority is to strengthen the weak financial position of youth, which leads many to delay or forgo marriage and children. Making it easier to combine paid work and family is also critical so that women are not forced to choose between a career and children. Policies should also cut the cost of raising children, the key obstacle to couples achieving their desired number of children. Given the challenge of reversing fertility trends, Japan needs to prepare for a low-fertility future by raising productivity and employment, particularly among women and older people. Breaking down labour market dualism, which disproportionately affects youth, women and older people, is a priority. Abolishing the right of firms to set a mandatory retirement age (usually at 60) and raising the pension eligibility age would also promote employment. Foreign workers are helping ease labour shortages, but more needs to be done to attract foreign talent. A comprehensive approach is needed to raise fertility, the employment rates of women and older persons and inflows of foreign workers.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264407848 , 9789264352001 , 9789264803077
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (138 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Economics
    Abstract: As climate change increases exposure to natural disasters, countries need new solutions to mitigate risks of natural hazards. For many in Asia and the Pacific, mobilising existing resources is not enough: they need to consider a grand design of disaster risk financing strategies. Catastrophe bonds (CAT bonds) can be an effective, market-based financing tool for the region. While the global CAT bond market has grown steadily since the 1990s, it remains weakly developed in Asia and the Pacific. Its successful development there requires robust purpose-built legal frameworks; developed general bond markets, especially in local currency; appropriate capacity building; and data-driven pricing models. This report explores each of these conditions along with policy suggestions for fostering them, and discusses the development of multi-country CAT bonds in Asia and the Pacific.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 3 | volume:23 | year:2024 | number:3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (9 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 3
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: The OECD Performance Budgeting Framework provides four building blocks to guide countries in strengthening their approach to performance budgeting. These are (i) tools and methods for developing meaningful performance information, (ii) accountability and transparency, (iii) a strong enabling environment, and (iv) the use of performance information to inform decisions around the budget.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264832619 , 9789264815957 , 9789264377301
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (182 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics ; Albania
    Abstract: This roadmap is designed to aid North Macedonia’s government in establishing a solid policy foundation for a successful transition to a circular economy. As an EU candidate country, North Macedonia has pledged to align with European climate objectives, endorsing the Sofia Declaration on the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans, with a particular focus on the circular economy transition. Acknowledging the pivotal role of this transition in national and regional development and actively addressing challenges posed by climate change, reliance on imported raw materials and increased waste, North Macedonia is ready for a strategic framework and concrete actions to initiate this transformative process. Derived from a comprehensive diagnostic of North Macedonia’s circular economy landscape, the roadmap strategically integrates existing policy initiatives, fostering synergies across sectors, measures and involved actors. It emphasises five key areas – circular business models for SMEs, construction, biomass and food, textile industry and mining and metallurgy – revealing over 40 policy recommendations. These recommendations, supported by a monitoring framework, are poised to be a cornerstone for propelling North Macedonia towards a more sustainable and circular future.
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  • 21
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Inclusive Forum on Carbon Mitigation Approaches Papers no.1
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Vers des indicateurs de l’intensité carbone des produits plus granulaires, plus précis et disponibles plus rapidement : Note exploratoire
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: This scoping note presents a high-level overview of the main approaches to, and challenges faced when, calculating product-level carbon intensity metrics, including those applicable to collecting and verifying information across the supply chain. Though the analysis focuses on approaches used in emissions-intensive trade-exposed sectors (EITE), the findings also have broader relevance to other sectors. As part of the analysis, challenges relating to computing sector-level carbon intensity metrics are also considered, particularly as inputs to product-level metrics.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1793
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Gender inequalities in Australia have steadily declined, but remain particularly visible in the labour market. Women in Australia have lower employment rates, hourly wages and hours worked than their male counterparts. Childbirth is particularly disruptive for their labour market experience. Reforms to the tax and benefits system, childcare and parental leave arrangements are all needed to reduce the barriers to female labour participation of mothers. At the same time, ensuring the adequacy of unemployment benefits will support the living standards of many low-income women given that they have become an increasing share of recipients. Single mothers face particularly high poverty risk and would also benefit from more robust arrangements around child support payments from non-custodial parents.
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  • 23
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1791
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: Despite the ambitious carbon reduction targets set by policy makers worldwide, current investments fall well short of the net-zero emissions scenario. This paper analyses the factors holding back corporate green investment, with a particular focus on the role of firm capacity – specifically financing constraints and weak green management practices – and its interaction with environmental policy. Combining a variety of econometric techniques, including panel data models, difference-in-differences settings and instrumental variable approaches, our cross-country analysis on large listed companies shows that: i) both financing constraints and a lack of green managerial capacity reduce firms’ probability of investing in green technologies, leading to higher emission intensity; ii) well-designed environmental policies can mitigate these impacts. A case study using more granular data on Portuguese firms further shows that: iii) green investment is more elastic to financing conditions than other types of investment; iv) investment in integrated technologies is more sensitive to financing conditions and to managerial capacity compared to end-of-pipe solutions. Lastly, the paper discusses a wide range of policy options that may be considered to foster the green transition through upgrading firms’ capacity.
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  • 24
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2024/03
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic caused an unprecedented global economic downturn, affecting productivity, business dynamics, and digital technology adoption. Using a comprehensive commercial database from Spiceworks Ziff Davis, this study analyses the firm-level drivers of digitalisation during the pandemic across 20 European countries. The findings show that a considerable share of firms introduced new digital technologies during the COVID-19 crisis. Notably, firms that were larger, more digitalised, and more productive before the pandemic were more likely to introduce new digital technologies in 2020 and 2021. Additionally, firms with pre-existing complementary technologies had a higher likelihood of adopting digital applications that gained momentum during the pandemic (such as digital commerce, collaborative software, cloud, and analytics). These patterns may increase polarisation among the best-performing firms and the rest of the business population. Public policy can play a key role in fostering an inclusive digital transformation in the post-pandemic era.
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  • 25
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1796
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Greening the economy entails jobs contracting in “high-polluting” economic activities and expanding in environment-friendly activities. Minimizing the corresponding transition costs is crucial to accelerate decarbonisation and reduce displacement costs for affected workers. Using individual-level labour force data for a large sample of European countries, this paper finds that the shares of green and high-polluting jobs remained approximately stable between 2009 and 2019, hinting at a slow or yet-to-come green transition in labour markets. Green and high-polluting jobs are unequally distributed across socioeconomic groups: women are under-represented in both green and high-polluting jobs, while green jobs are associated with higher educational attainment, and high-polluting jobs with lower educational attainment. Equally important from a policy perspective, the results show that high-polluting jobs are concentrated in rural areas. These results are confirmed by analyzing labour market transitions: for instance, while women are more likely to transition from study to job, they are significantly less likely to get a green job. Overall, the results suggest that well designed and targeted policies are needed to support efficient and inclusive labour market transitions in the greening economy: to minimize scarring effects for displaced workers, help individuals’ upskilling and reskilling, and support the matching between workers and jobs in higher demand.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 3 | volume:23 | year:2024 | number:3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 3
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: This paper argues that countries will need to better assess potential savings in the provision of universal benefits and providing services free to all at the point of delivery. Instead, programmes will need to be targeted at those truly in need, and services only free to those with limited ability to pay. It draws an analogy to the progressivity of the tax system where those with greater means pay higher taxes. A similar philosophy should be the basis of government spending. It highlights examples of the application of means-testing and user charging for key areas including retirement benefits, health care and education. The paper is meant to stimulate discussion among Senior Budget Officials.
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  • 27
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.47
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Rafforzare l’impatto sociale delle università italiane: Il progetto ITA.CON
    Keywords: Economics ; Italy
    Abstract: In today's knowledge-driven societies, universities play a crucial role in fostering innovation and sustainable growth within their ecosystems. Improving knowledge exchange and collaboration (KEC) activities within the Italian university system is essential for societal progress, well-being, and enhancing the productivity of firms of different sizes and stages of development and generate value for society. This document offers a reform roadmap proposal for policies to enhance the knowledge exchange and collaboration system between universities and society in Italy.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1794
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Australia has committed to achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 and more recently outlined a more ambitious intermediate target for emission reductions by 2030. However, achieving these targets will be challenging given a historical reliance on coal generation and the presence of significant mining and agriculture sectors. It will require a rapid transformation of the electricity grid, significant emissions reductions in highly-polluting sectors such as industry and agriculture, and sufficient offsets generated by “negative emissions” technologies and practices to counterbalance any emissions that cannot be fully eliminated. At the same time, Australia is particularly vulnerable to the physical impacts of climate change, as the driest inhabited continent on the planet with the majority of the population living on the coasts. Further significant reforms are required to meet the emission reduction goals, support the reallocation of workers and adapt to climate change.
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  • 29
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1795
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper develops a novel classification of high-polluting occupations for a large sample of European countries. Unlike previous efforts in the literature, the classification exploits country-level data on air polluting emission intensity by industry. The country-level data allows to capture important cross-country differences, due to differences in technology and in production focus. Applying the new classification to European Labour Force Survey data shows that, on average across the countries covered, about 4% of workers are employed in high-polluting jobs, ranging from 9% in Czechia and the Slovak Republic to around 2% in Austria. These shares do not exhibit any clear decreasing trend over the past decade. High-polluting jobs are unequally distributed, being over-represented among men, workers with lower and medium educational attainment and those living in rural areas.
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  • 30
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2024/01
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The OECD and the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) have developed jointly the new Multinational Enterprise Information Platform (MEIP). MEIP is built on past OECD and UN efforts to compile statistics on the scale and scope of the international activities of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs). The new platform uses publicly available data to gather information on the world’s 500 largest MNEs in a timely manner, facilitating a comprehensive view of their physical and digital presence. It also includes a monitoring tool for large events such as Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A). The platform also provides a valuable benchmark for National Statistical Offices (NSOs) and researchers, allowing them to compare the national presence of an individual MNE to the global presence. Information on MNEs and their global network can also be visualised in a user-friendly dashboard.
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  • 31
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 p.)
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: This report presents developments of the work of the Inclusive Forum on Carbon Mitigation Approaches (IFCMA) to the G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors, and reflect on the IFCMA’s achievements one year on from its launch in February 2023.
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  • 32
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2024/02
    Keywords: Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: Rising uncertainties and geo-political tensions, together with increasingly complex trade relations have increased the demand for monitoring global trade in a timely manner. Although it was primarily designed to ensure vessel safety, information from the Automatic Information System, which allows for the tracking of vessels across the globe, is particularly well suited for providing insights on port activity and maritime trade developments, which accounts for a large share of global trade. Data are available in quasi real time but need to be pre-processed and validated. This paper contributes to existing research in this field in two major ways. First, it proposes a new methodology to identify ports, at a higher level of granularity than in past research. Second, it builds indicators to monitor port congestion and trends in maritime trade flows and provides more granular information to better understand those flows. Those indicators will still need to be refined, by complementing the AIS database with additional data sources, but already provide a useful source of information to monitor trade, at the country and global levels.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Springer
    ISBN: 9789819714995
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 207 p. 31 illus., 26 illus. in color)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: Creative Economy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.3
    Keywords: Cultural Economics ; Cultural Heritage ; Tourism Management ; Economics ; Culture ; Cultural property ; Tourism ; Management
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789819734269
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(X, 258 p. 199 illus., 160 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Marketing. ; Population ; Microeconomics.
    Abstract: The Symphony Of Equilibrium -- Whispers Of Change: Nudge For The Better -- Without Charlie's Angels, We Can Be Happier: The Comparison Conundrum -- The Bragging Spectrum From Wealth To Altruism: Signaling By Consumption -- Eyes Wide Open: How Visuals Shape Minds -- The Self-Centric Universe: It's All About "Me" -- Survival Of The Stingiest: Cognitive Miser -- Logic Of Illogic: Bounded Rationality -- Eyes And Brain See Things Differently: Optical Illusions -- Brain On Guard: Invisible Safety Toolkits For Survival -- The Mystique Of Insufficiency Spell -- Hedonic Alchemy Of Fun & Pleasure -- Hey, Faces Are Super Important! Pay Attention -- The Freudian Footprint: Psychoanalyzing The Objects We Created.
    Abstract: This book explains the psychology theory behind design using plain language. The inspiration came from the "democratic design" philosophy of IKEA. This book attempts to help people enjoy designs more, by explaining consumer psychology that lurks behind designs of everyday things. Another purpose of the book is to aid designers and marketers in understanding consumer behavior and to help them leverage this knowledge in their respective fields. Marketers and designers often find it hard to communicate effectively due to their disparate fields. However, this book aims to bridge this gap by showing that activities in both design and marketing can be better understood through the lens of design psychology, promoting better communication and collaboration. Although the book contains more than a hundred psychology theories that can affect design, it is structured in a reader-friendly manner, and chapters are segmented such that each chapter contains about 7~15 theories. Despite the large amount of academic research behind the theories, the application of these theories comes from commonplace consumer behaviors and daily design examples, promising an easy, relatable read.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9783031494468
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVII, 339 p.)
    Series Statement: Palgrave Studies in the History of Economic Thought
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Economics. ; Latin America ; Economic history. ; Institutionalisation of Political Economy ; International Circulation of Economic Ideas ; New Latin American Republics ; Trade Policy ; Translations of Political Economy ; Late Enlightenment ; Spanish Liberalism ; Monetary Policy ; Public Finances ; Classical Political Economy ; Atlantic History ; Spanish Exile ; José Joaquín de Mora
    Abstract: 1. Introduction. A distinctive proponent of classical political economy in the Spanish-speaking world -- 2. The Absolutism six-year Period (1814-1820). Encountering Smith and Say -- 3. The Liberal Triennium (1820-1823). Mora, Bentham and radical liberalism -- 4. London (1824-1827). The approach to British Classical political economy -- 5. Argentina (1827-1828). An early attempt to introduce economic liberalism in Hispanic America -- 6. Chile (1828-1832): 'El Mercurio Chileno' and the model of economic development for the Hispanic American republics -- 7. Peru and Bolivia. Teaching, journalism and diplomacy -- 8. Back to Spain (1843-1853). The debate on free trade in Spain under the sway of moderate liberalism -- 9. Mora and the Enciclopedia Moderna’s (1853-1855) entries on Political Economy and Public Finance -- 10. Mora and the articles for the journal 'La América': Dialoguing once again with Latin America from Spain -- 11. Epilogue. The art of dissemination.
    Abstract: This book examines the dissemination, adaptation, and application of classical economic ideas within the Hispanic world through the life of José Joaquín de Mora. Focusing on the decades surrounding the creation of the Latin American republics, it highlights how ideas from the classical political economy, including liberalism and free trade, were pioneered in the work of Mora and disseminated across the Spanish speaking world. Particular attention is given to the influence of Mora in Argentina, Chile, Peru, and Bolivia and how he helped shape their economic development models and political environments. This book examines the essential role José Joaquín de Mora played in the ideological and political modernisation of Latin America. It will be of interest to students and researchers interested in the history of economic thought and the political economy. Jesús Astigarraga is Professor of Economics at the University of Zaragoza. Javier Usoz is Associate Professor of Economics at the University of Zaragoza. Juan Zabalza is Associate Professor of Economics at the University of Alicante.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031575952
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XII, 422 p. 1 illus.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Economic history. ; Economics. ; Finance, Public. ; capitalism ; Karl Marx ; Marxian economics ; capitalist ; Amartya Sen ; Ramesh Chandra ; Gunnar Myrdal ; growth ; reforming capitalism ; creative destruction ; consumption
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. Karl Marx -- 3. Joseph Schumpeter -- 4. Thorstein Veblen -- 5. Henry George -- 6. Gunnar Myrdal -- 7. Alfred Marshall -- 8. Allyn Young -- 9. J. M. Keynes -- 10. Amartya Sen -- 11. Summary and Conclusions.
    Abstract: This book explores the ideas of nine renowned economists to present the evolution of economic thought on the development and trajectory of capitalism as a system. The author shows how this diverse group of thinkers are linked by their thinking on the future role of capitalism in society and fleshes out the influences informing each economist’s work. With chapters dedicated to Karl Marx, Joseph Schumpeter, Thorstein Veblen, Henry George, Gunnar Myrdal, Alfred Marshall, Allyn Young, J. M. Keynes and Amartya Sen, the book aims to analyse contrasting views on the future of capitalism in historical perspective and make a critical assessment of their insights in contemporary contexts. While considering the views of some thinkers such as Marx, Schumpeter, and Veblen who critiqued capitalism, the book does not view capitalism beyond redemption, nor is meant to be a critique of capitalism in its conclusions. Rather, it argues that thinkers like Marshall, Myrdal, Young and Keynes were more right in their optimism about the future prospects of capitalism than many others. It argues that capitalism can be reformed through the democratic process in a more humane direction. This can happen if democracy works for all, and if discriminating privileges and crony capitalism are eschewed. This book is valuable reading for scholars and students of economic history and the history of economic thought. Ramesh Chandra is an independent economist who has published extensively including three books. He received his PhD in Economics from the University of Strathclyde, UK, and studied economics at the Delhi School of Economics, University of California (Berkeley) and University of Glasgow. He has held professorships at Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration and Indian Council of Research on International Economic Relations, India, among others. His research interests include trade policy and growth, the relationship between economic thought and development economics, and the history of economic thought. .
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031530555
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 162 p. 3 illus.)
    Series Statement: International Law and Economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Roy, Shubhangi When Do People Obey Laws?
    Keywords: Law and economics. ; Economics ; Law ; Social psychology. ; Law and social norms ; Law obedience ; Law and behaviour ; Legal compliance ; Law enforcement ; Law and economics ; Behavioral influence ; Human behavior ; Social communication ; Institutional conditions ; Law and social psychology ; Law obedience ; Interest lobbies
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Focusing on When Do People Obey Laws and Why It Matters -- Part I: Developing an Integrated Approach to Compliance -- Chapter 2. An Integrated Framework of Compliance With Law as Social Influence: When Law Changes Behaviors -- Chapter 3. When Law Changes Attitudes Within the Integrated Approach -- Part II: Applying an Integrated Approach to Compliance to Motivational Mechanisms of Why People Obey Laws -- Chapter 4. Understanding the Powers and Limits of Legal Expression to Create Change Through the Integrated Approach to Compliance -- Chapter 5. Understanding the Role of Procedural Justice in Compliance Through the Integrated Framework -- Chapter 6. Understanding When Do People Obey Laws Through an Integrated Approach to Compliance: Concluding Remarks.
    Abstract: This book examines the intricate dynamics of when individuals adhere to laws, taking into account the context in which laws attempt to shape human behavior. While existing literature touches upon various reasons why people comply with laws, the book focuses on a critical question which has been missing from the discussion: when do people obey laws? By treating law as a form of social communication, it develops an integrated framework to answer this question. It explores how social, psychological, and institutional conditions shape compliance decisions of individuals. What does a law signify? When does the compulsion to obey arise? When do individuals comply out of a fear for legal sanctions or social repercussions? Why do some laws have high symbolic values and others fail despite harsh punishments? The book unveils the contextual intricacies that underlie obedience to law. It challenges conventional wisdom and offers a fresh perspective on the power and limitations of law in shaping human behavior. For scholars and academics seeking a deeper understanding of legal compliance and role of law in shaping behaviors, this book will be an indispensable resource.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031487705
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 827 p. 92 illus., 75 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Contributions to Management Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Finance. ; Commercial law. ; Economics ; Financial services industry. ; Regulation ; Supervision ; Decentralized Finance ; Islamic Finance ; Islamic Law ; Insolvency Law ; Financial Globalization ; Takaful ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Islamic Entrepreneurship: a Systematic Literature Review -- Chapter 2. Harmonization of Islamic Financial Literacy in Understanding the Islamic Banking Services: the Case in Malaysia -- Chapter 3. A Systematic Review: Challenge of Islamic Microfinance Baitul Maal Wat Tanwil in Indonesia -- Chapter 4. Islamic Peer-to-peer (P2P) Financing as an Alternate Model of MSME Financing in Nigeria -- Chapter 5. The Relationship Between Business Intelligence and Digital Banking Services in Jordanian Islamic Banks -- Chapter 6. The Impact of Islamic Finance on Economic Growth : the Malaysian Experience -- Chapter 7. The Efficiency of Participation Banking Sector in Turkey: A DEA Approach -- Chapter 8. Understanding the Practices and Challenges of Sustainability Reporting in Islamic Banking -- Chapter 9. Are Women a Gender Dividend for Investment – an Empirical Analysis From Indian Working Women Perspective -- Chapter 10. Potential Impact of Metaverse-based Banking on Employment in the BankingSector in India -- Chapter 11. The Impact of Credit Risk Mitigation on the Profits of Investment Deposits in Islamic Banks -- Chapter 12. The Effect of Job Seekers' Perception on the Intention to Apply for Jobs in Islamic Banks in Indonesia -- Chapter 13. Factors Influencing the Adoption of Business Intelligence in Islamic Banks -- Chapter 14. Prospects of a Partnership-based Islamic Microfinance ‎model in Bangladesh: Clients Perspectives -- Chapter 15. Analyzing Islamic Crowdfunding Through Bibliometric and Visualization Approaches -- Chapter 16. Benchmarking as a Mechanism to Measure Reference Efficiency and Improve the Performance of a Group of Banks, Using the DEA Data Envelope -- Chapter 17. A Perspective on the Existence and Development of Islamic Banking in India -- Chapter 18. Women Outreach Exploration; Evidence From Islamic Microfinance in Indonesia -- Chapter 19. The Impact of Necessity on Deposit Guarantee in Islamic Banks an Applied Jurisprudential Study -- Chapter 20. The FinancialImpact of Islamic Banking on Supporting and Developing Small and Medium Enterprises an Assessment of the Reality of Global Bank Al-Salam -- Chapter 21. A Qualitative Evaluation of Narrative Effectiveness Used in the Six and Titanic Films: a Forgotten Minority Perspective -- Chapter 22. Sukuk Blockchain - an Innovation: Opportunities and Challenges -- Chapter 23. Linking Brand Awareness, Influencers and Impulse Buying via Sor Theory: a Conceptual Paper -- Chapter 24. Bibliometric Analysis of Internal Audit Quality of Public Sector Organizations -- Chapter 25. Systematic Literature Review About Examining the Factors Affecting Omans Implementation of E-government -- Chapter 26. Role of Payment Innovation on Bank Performance: What Happens to the Bank if Cash Goes Away? -- Chapter 27. Investigating the Factors Influencing Mobile Commerce Usage of SMES in Hargeisa, Republic of Somaliland: a Review of Literature -- Chapter 28. Breaking Barriers: Exploring the Gender Moderation in Factors Affecting University Choice for Students -- Chapter 29. An in-depth Exploration of the Evolution and Imple-mentation of Halal Pharmaceutical Certification Schemes in Malaysia -- Chapter 30. Examining the Impact of Entrepreneurship Performance on Sustainable Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS) -- Chapter 31. The Penta Helix Model in Management of Livestock Compost in Pakisjajar Village Communities -- Chapter 32. Student Performance in Mathematics and Its Impact on Learning Stem Subjects -- Chapter 33. Identifying the Sugarcane Trading System in Indonesia: an Institutional Economics Perspective -- Chapter 34. Going Global in the Digital Age Keeping Up and Staying Ahead in Today's Tech-driven Society -- Chapter 35. The Development of Women's Education Under Local Organizations in Kelantan, 1932-1957 -- Chapter 36. Nurturing Student Academic Performance: Unveiling the Impact of Smart Classroom, Perceived Ease of Use, Self-efficacy, and Islamic Spiritual Values -- Chapter 37. The Prospectof Work From Home in the Public Sector -- Chapter 38. Analytical Study on Ethical Issues in Events- Voices From Muslim Organizers -- Chapter 39. Crowdsourcing: a Catalyst for SMES to Ideation and Commercialization? -- Chapter 40. Correlation Between Flash Floods and Variable Improper Drainage Systems: Experiences Impacts of Flash Floods From Bandar Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia -- Chapter 41. Development of New Funding Formula in Malaysian Public Universities -- Chapter 42. Adapting to Technologicatransformation: Jobs and Skills in Malaysia's Evolving Work Landscape -- Chapter 43. Factors Shaping the Propensity of UAE Secondary School Teachers to Incorporate Education 4.0 -- Chapter 44. Role of Credit Attitude on Credit Card Misuse: a Study of Malaysian Working Adults -- Chapter 45. Social Media Marketing for Micro-enterprises in Malaysia: Branding for the Future? -- Chapter 46. English Majors Intercultural Competence and Chinese Cultural Aphasia -- Chapter 47. Study on Socio-demographic of Healthcare Waqf Do-nors: Waqf Contribution and Its Association With the Faith and Attitude Influence -- Chapter 48. Students Inclination and Preferences for Tahfiz Program in UiTM -- Chapter 49. Risk Mitigation Strategy for Agency Problems in Micro Business Financing of Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil: a Qualitative Swot Analysis -- Chapter 50. The Mental Processes in Beauty of Shaanxi: an Ecological Discourse Analysis Perspective -- Chapter 51. Powerful Entrepreneurial Networking: Bridging the Gap in Marketing Performance of Halal SMES -- Chapter 52. Environmental Awareness Impact on Coastal Residents Emotional Intelligence and Personality -- Chapter 53. Vernacular Masjid as a Development of the Basic Arche-type of the Punctured Pavilion: a Technological and Cul-tural Manifestation in the Southeast Asian Region -- Chapter 54. Policy and Digital Economy and Society Development Action Plan Phase 2 (B.E. 2566 " 2570) and Digital Economy and Society Development Action Plan for Human Resource Development Phase2 (B.E.2566 " 2570) -- Chapter 55. Factor Influencing of Toxic Masculinity on Young and Adult Productivity: a Systematic Review -- Chapter 56. Metaphor Construction of Environmental Issues in Chinese and American News Media -- Chapter 57. A Proposed Model for Embracing Digital Horizons: Exploring Patient-centric Wearable Healthcare Technology -- Chapter 58. Exploring the Appropriate Legal Mechanisme for Consumer in Halal Food Abuse -- Chapter 59. Islamic Environmental Education: Case Study of the Institute of Islamic Understanding Malaysia (IKIM) -- Chapter 60. Food Waste Management Technology in Malaysia: Lessons From the United States and European Union -- Chapter 61. Consumer Adoption of Brimo Mobile Banking Applica-tion: an Extended Tam Perspective -- Chapter 62. The Issue of Cybersex Addiction Among Children in Peninsular Malaysia: the Process of Development and Validation of Instrument -- Chapter 63. Measurement of Religiosity in Islamic Perspective -- Chapter 64. Ma'iyyah Work-life Enhancement: Islamic Values Approach to Strengthen Work Engagement -- Chapter 65. Digital Loneliness in Social Media: the Epoch of Our Connected and Distraction World.
    Abstract: This volume discusses the new trends in law and regulation in Islamic finance. Islamic finance is a particular component of the global financial system and is very different from secular finance. To understand the development of Islamic finance, it is important to place it in the context of financial globalization. Islamic finance is a new force in the contemporary world financial system and is present in more than a hundred countries. The current generation of Muslim economic power is crowding into the world's financial currents with trillions in liquidity and is growing at a high rate of 10-15% per year. Islamic finance is coming into focus and is not confined to Islamic countries but is present in every larger Muslim community, which means that it cannot be isolated from the effects of financial globalization. This edited volume discusses the effects of global financial transactions in Islamic finance and how it impacts its law and regulation.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031530784
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVII, 182 p. 22 illus., 11 illus. in color.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Econometrics. ; Statistics . ; Probabilities. ; Philosophy. ; Economics ; probability theory ; random events ; economic analysis of uncertainty ; applied probability theory ; random walk hypotheses ; observable and unobservable phenomena ; understanding random events through big data ; statistical methods for economics
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. The True Nature of Randomness and the Element of Chance -- 3. Rethinking the Concept of (In)Opportunity Cost & Parable of Broken Window: A Reflection of Frederic Bastiat -- 4. The Economic Effect of Human Action in Relation to Artificial Intelligence -- 5. The Question of Conjecture in Economics and Probability: On the Applicability of Probability Theory to the Randomness of Economic Events -- 6. The Anatomy of Accident as a Deviation from Random Walk -- 7. Observable and Unobservable as Opposed to 'Seen and Unseen' -- 8. Conclusions.
    Abstract: This book investigates applications of probability theory to random events from an economic standpoint and considers how economics can deal with uncertainty in today’s world. As such the nature of chance and probability will be discussed with examples taken from the theoretical literature in probability and the history of economic thought, as well as real-life events. Chapters cover the nature of randomness and the element of chance, the concepts of both hidden costs and opportunity costs, the economic effect of human action, the randomness of economic events, random walk hypotheses and observable and unobservable phenomena. It situates the discussion in John Maynard Keynes’ and Ronald Fisher’s seminal works on probability, as well as introducing key tenets of probability theory and how these can be applied to economic events. The book considers the relationship between artificial intelligence and economic events, the role of big data, and international examples from different economic systems and how these can be evaluated. It also introduces a multidisciplinary exploration of other social sciences and how they deal with uncertainty, to assess the extent to which it is possible to apply probability theory to economic events which are by nature erratic and uncertain. This book will be of interest to researchers and students in economics, statistics, and those in the social sciences interested in questions of randomness and chance. Volkan Hacıoğlu is an Associate Professor in the Faculty of Economics at Istanbul University. His research interests are in economic policy, economic theory, history of economic thought, statistical methods and economic growth. .
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9783031499517
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 340 p. 57 illus., 40 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Finance. ; Economics ; Tourism. ; Entrepreneurship. ; New business enterprises. ; Econometrics. ; Applied economics ; Research Methodology in Applied Economics ; Applied International Economics ; Financial economics ; Tourism economics ; Banking mobile applications ; Positive Externality of Property Rights ; Sustainable development ; Entrepreneurship and management ; Quantitative methods ; Financial Market Analysis ; Computational Economics ; Entrepreneurship ; Business Ethics ; Sustainable Supply Chain ; Konferenzschrift
    Abstract: This book features a collection of high-quality and peer-reviewed papers from the 2023 7th International Conference on Applied Economics and Business, which was held in Copenhagen, Denmark, during August 24-26, 2023. ICAEB is held annually as a platform for the presentation of new advances and research results in the fields of applied economics and business. Applied economics is a way of dealing with esoteric economic concepts in a practical and analytical way. It allows for decisions to be made that are underlined by theoretical economic principles but utilized in such a way that they transform into real work applications. The contributors cover topics such as environment, development, finance, forensics, information, institutions, international, labor, management, mathematics, currency, tourism and many more. Applied Economics affects all aspects of life and science and it is brought to the forefront in this collection of papers. The conference, with its aim to bring together economists from different fields, lends itself to a natural and rich collection of scientific papers all focused on the practical application of economic principles. The scope of this collection of papers will be useful to academics and practitioners who look to economics to help solve problems.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031582103
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXII, 488 p. 24 illus., 8 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Palgrave Studies in Ancient Economies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economic history. ; Evolutionary economics. ; Institutional economics. ; Economics ; History, Ancient. ; Morality ; Greco-Roman World ; Economic Institution ; Roman Economy ; New Institutional Economics ; Standardization ; Economic Measurement ; Methodological Approaches to Ancient Economic History ; Quantification ; Ancient Economic History ; Long run economic development ; Bronze Age ; Konferenzschrift
    Abstract: 1. Introduction: Models, Methods, and Morality in the Study of Ancient Mediterranean Economies -- Part I Methods and Historiography -- 2. For Those Who Curse the Candle: A Culturally and Historically Relativistic Proposal for Rethinking the Approach to the Ancient Economy (via Archaic Rome) -- 3. Can Ancient History still Engage the Social Sciences? -- 4. The Creation of Wealth and Inequality in the Graeco-Roman World: Tactics from Law and Racial Capitalism -- Part II Measurement and Morality -- 5. The Economics of Immorality: The U.S. Antebellum South, Stalinist Russia and the Roman Empire -- 6. Before the economy? Growth, institutions, and the Late Bronze Age -- 7. Standardization as Economic Institution -- 8. Towards An Ethics of Quantification : Relationality, “Common Sense”, and Incommensurability -- Part III Paths Forward -- 9. Science, Morality, and the Roman Economy -- 10. The Other Side of the Ledger: Calculating the Costs and Benefits of Energy Capture -- 11. These Old Bones: An Osteobiography of an Archaic Cemetery at Agia Paraskevi, Thessaloniki -- 12. The ‘Health Problem’ in Roman Economic History: A Prolegomenon -- 13. Why a Human Ancient Economy Should Be Posthuman -- Part IV Responses -- 14. The Perils — and Rewards — of Constantly Re-inventing the Wheel -- 15. Cursing the Candle: Models, Methods, and Morality -- 16. Towards an Historically Informed Understanding of Institutions and Economies -- 17. Epilogue: The Potentials of a New Ancient Economic History.
    Abstract: This edited volume presents a multi-perspectival inquiry into the models that have shaped the study of ancient economies in past decades. The contributions collected here respond to the prevailing tendency to measure ancient Mediterranean economies using methods and techniques designed for assessing the performance of modern economies, considering a range of approaches that might generate a more socially and morally attuned history of the ancient Mediterranean. The volume explores the challenges of quantification and critically examines the ideological assumptions implicit within the models usually applied to the study of ancient economic performance. The chapters advocate for more inclusive alternatives to traditional ideas of ‘growth’ that take factors such as social inequality, fairness, wellbeing and the relationship between humans and the natural environment into consideration. The book examines through a series of different questions the importance of querying the appropriateness of economic methods from an ethical or socially aware position. Rather than condemning older models, methods, and points of view for their inadequacies, this book focuses on leveraging the benefits from existing methods in economics and suggesting new frameworks to reach toward historical approaches that are both methodologically sophisticated and attuned to the moral, ethical, and political concerns of the twenty-first century. This book will be a valuable resource for interdisciplinary researchers in economics, economic history, ancient history and archaeology. Sarah C. Murray is Associate Professor of Classics at the University of Toronto. She holds a PhD in Classics from Stanford University and has published widely in ancient economic history and archaeology. Seth Bernard is Associate Professor of Classics at the University of Toronto. He holds a PhD in Ancient History from the University of Pennsylvania and has published extensively on the Ancient Roman economy and economic history of the ancient world.
    Note: This volume originated in a conference of approximately the same name, first imagined over dinner after a lecture by Dan-el Padilla Peralta in winter of 2019 at the University of Toronto's Department of Classics, home of both the volume's editors ... At first, we resisted the Zoomification of everything, but for various logistical reasons finally succumbed to the reality of a conference held online, November 5-6, 2021. Papers delivered at that event form the core of the volume." - Seite v
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    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031621130
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(X, 259 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Economics ; Economics. ; Economic policy.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. The Individual -- 3. The State -- 4. Population -- 5. The Enquirer -- 6. The Continuing Debate -- 7. Malthus’ Essay -- 8. Godwin’s Thoughts -- 9. Of Population -- 10. The Westminster Review. 11. Conclusion.
    Abstract: This book explores the lifelong dialogue between Thomas Robert Malthus and the libertarian anarchist William Godwin. Shedding light on important topics in the history of economic and political thought, it examines Godwin’s rejection of the new industrial order and his insights into a post-acquisitive, post-conflictual future. It shows that Malthus felt Godwin had neglected the ever-increasing pressure of population on scarce food and that control could not be superseded by automaticity so long as the productivity of the land was limited by the law of nature. Godwin and Malthus situated their views on population in the broader context of individual choice, property rights, normative constraint and the status of the poor. This book highlights Godwin and Malthus’ commitment to an economy that is equitable and efficient, making their ideas relevant to contemporary debates, and sheds light on two giant thinkers of the past. David Reisman is Professor Emeritus of Economics at the University of Surrey, UK, and Senior Associate at the Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789819966295
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXV, 152 p. 19 illus., 11 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Public Economy and Urban Governance in China
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Urban economics. ; Development economics. ; Sociology, Urban. ; Infrastructure ; Economic Development ; Economics ; Infrastructure Construction ; China's Economy ; China's Economic Development ; China's Governance System ; National Governance ; GDP ; Infrastructure Economic Growth Model
    Abstract: Introduction -- Brief History and Basic Concepts of Infrastructure -- Origin and Development of Infrastructure Economics -- A Review of Infrastructure Economic Growth Models.-Achievements and Challenges of China’s Infrastructure Development (1949-2019) -- Infrastructure and Market Integration: A Case Study on High-Speed Rail Accessibility -- Infrastructure and Open Development: A Case Study on Foreign Direct Investment.
    Abstract: This book provides an overview of the history, basic concepts, and provision models of infrastructure, significant theories on infrastructure economics, practices at home and abroad that reflect the economic development effects of infrastructure, and four infrastructure economic growth models. Great attention is placed on the domestic front. This book describes and discusses in detail the historical background, development trends, achievements, and challenges of China’s infrastructure from 1949 to 2019, under the classic “supply and demand” analysis framework. From the four perspectives of market integration, open development, people’s livelihood, and endogenous growth, this book carries out an empirical study on how to quantify and make causal inferences about the economic development effects of infrastructure. Based on the conclusion that national governance is of important help to infrastructure provision, this book interprets China’s governance system and its impact on infrastructure provision from the angle of decentralization and offers suggestions on policy optimizing.
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031516818
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XLIII, 912 p. 129 illus., 87 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 3rd ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Springer Texts in Business and Economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    RVK:
    Keywords: Dynamisches Gleichgewicht ; Allgemeines Gleichgewicht ; Agentenbasierte Modellierung ; CGE-Modell ; Theorie ; Economics ; Econometrics. ; Macroeconomics. ; Economic development. ; Computer science. ; Equilibrium (Economics) Mathematical models ; Economics, Mathematical ; Business Cycles ; Computational Economics ; Dynamic General Equilibrium Modeling ; General Equilibrium ; General Equilibrium Modeling ; Growth Theory ; Heterogeneous Agents ; Stochastic Rational Expectations Economies ; Agents ; Growth Model ; Ramsey Model ; Perturbation Methods ; Heterogenous Agent Models ; Monetary and Fiscal Policy ; MATLAB ; GAUSS ; Python ; Lehrbuch ; Dynamische Makroökonomie ; Allgemeines Gleichgewichtsmodell ; Dynamische Makroökonomie ; Allgemeines Gleichgewichtsmodell
    Abstract: Part I: Representative Agent Models: Basic Models -- Perturbation Methods: Framework and Tools -- Perturbation Methods: Solutions -- Perturbation Methods: Model Evaluation and Applications -- Weighted Residuals Methods -- Simulation-Based Methods -- Discrete State Space Value Function Iteration -- Part II: Heterogenous Agent Models: Computation of Stationary Distributions -- Dynamics of the Distribution Function -- Overlapping Generations Models with Perfect Foresight -- OLG Models with Uncertainty -- Part III: Numerical Methods: Linear Algebra -- Function Approximation -- Differentiation and Integration -- Nonlinear Equations and Optimization -- Difference Equations and Stochastic Processes.
    Abstract: Contemporary macroeconomics is built upon microeconomic principles, with its most recent advance featuring dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models. The textbook by Heer and Maußner acquaints readers with the essential computational techniques required to tackle these models and employ them for quantitative analysis. This third edition maintains the structure of the second, dividing the content into three separate parts dedicated to representative agent models, heterogeneous agent models, and numerical methods. At the same time, every chapter has been revised and two entirely new chapters have been added. The updated content reflects the latest advances in both numerical methods and their applications in macroeconomics, spanning areas like business-cycle analysis, economic growth theory, distributional economics, monetary and fiscal policy. The two new chapters delve into advanced techniques, including higher-order perturbation, weighted residual methods, and solutions to high-dimensional nonlinear problems. In addition, the authors present further insights from macroeconomic theory, complemented by practical applications like the Smolyak algorithm, Gorman aggregation, rare disaster models and dynamic Laffer curves. Lastly, the new edition places special emphasis on practical implementation across various programming languages; accordingly, its accompanying web page offers examples of computer code for languages such as MATLAB®, GAUSS, Fortran, Julia and Python. "This book does not only an excellent job in explaining the existing tools, but it also teaches the reader on how to write his/her own programs and it provides the reader with the tools to help advance the state of the art of dynamic macroeconomics." Wouter J. Den Haan, London School of Economics ”... provides the reader with exactly the necessary computational tools to solve the dynamic general equilibrium models macroeconomists care about. It is therefore the perfect complement to Stokey, Lucas and Prescott's and Sargent and Ljungqvist's theoretical treatment of modern macroeconomics." Dirk Krueger, University of Pennsylvania.
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031544231
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 175 p. 1 illus.)
    Series Statement: Palgrave Studies in Classical Liberalism
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Sombart, Werner ; Economics ; Europe ; Economic history. ; Finance, Public. ; socialism ; capitalism ; spirit of capitalism ; Max Weber ; Werner Sombart ; modern capitalism ; Marxism
    Abstract: 1. Introduction: Werner Sombart and the "Spirit" of Modern Capitalism -- 2. Sombart and the "Spirit" of Modern Capitalism-1900-1910 -- 3. Sombart and the "Spirit" of Modern Capitalism-1910-1920 -- 4. Sombart and the "Spirit" of Modern Capitalism-1920-1930 -- 5. Sombart and Modern Capitalism-The Essays -- 6. Conclusion: Sombart's "Spirit" of Modern Capitalism.
    Abstract: This book illuminates the work of Werner Sombart, a key contemporary of Max Weber, showing how his writing and thinking laid the groundwork for concepts of modern capitalism. Although the notion of the ‘spirit’ of modern capitalism is most associated with Weber, it was Sombart who first used this phrase, with Weber focusing mainly on socioeconomics while Sombart continued to develop his ideas around modern capitalism. This book critically analyses Sombart’s groundbreaking work, “Der moderne Kapitalismus” among his other writings to demonstrate how they may be read as a complementary alternative to Weber, providing a more detailed, sustained, and a comprehensive account of the genesis and nature of modern capitalism. This book will be of interest to a scholarly audience including students and researchers of the history of economic thought, as well as areas of sociology, politics, and political economy. Christopher Adair-Toteff is a philosopher and social theorist who has concentrated on social-political and social-economic issues in late nineteenth and early twentieth century Germany. His recent books include Carl Schmitt on Law and Liberalism (Palgrave 2020), Max Weber's Path from Political Economy to Social Economics (Routledge 2021) and The Early Austrian School of Economics: Money, Value, Capital (Routledge 2022). He also published Fundamental Concepts in Max Weber's Sociology of Religion (Palgrave 2015). .
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031508219
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XL, 660 p. 49 illus., 29 illus. in color.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The Palgrave handbook of sovereign wealth funds
    Keywords: International finance. ; Finance, Public. ; Financial services industry. ; Political planning. ; Sovereign Wealth Funds ; Finance ; Economics ; Santiago Principles ; Politics ; Law ; Shareholder Activism ; Institutional Framework and Governance ; Regulating Sovereign Wealth Funds ; Tax Laws and International Treaties ; Liquidity Management ; Risk Management ; Investors in Global Markets ; Portfolio Analysis ; Socially Responsible/Sustainable Investing ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: 1.Sovereign Wealth Funds: An Overview -- 2. The Evolution of Sovereign Wealth Funds: A Bibliometric Analysis -- 3. Sovereign Wealth Funds and the Local and World Economy: Are They Good or Bad Investment Actors? -- 4. Standards for Sovereign Wealth Funds: The Santiago Principles and Beyond -- 5.Controversies Surrounding Sovereign Wealth Funds -- 6.The Nature, Scope, and Governance of Sovereign Wealth Funds -- 7. Institutional Framework and Governance Structure of Sovereign Wealth Funds -- 8. Sovereign Wealth Funds and Shareholder Activism: Implications for Corporate Governance and Public Policy -- 9. Accountability and Transparency of Sovereign Wealth Funds -- 10.Balancing Profit and Politics: The Role of Sovereign Wealth Funds in Soft Diplomacy and Domestic Interests -- 11.Leveraging Sovereign Wealth Funds for Soft Power -- 12. The Impact of Tax Laws and International Treaties on Sovereign Wealth Funds -- 13. Macro-level Issues Facing Sovereign Wealth Funds: Inflation, Higher Rates, and Deglobalization -- 14. Agency Issues in Managing Sovereign Wealth Funds -- 15. Structuring an Effective Sovereign Wealth Fund -- 16. Outsourcing and Internal Management Issues of Sovereign Wealth Funds -- 17. Risk Management in Sovereign Wealth Funds -- 18. Using Fintech in Sovereign Wealth Fund Operations -- 19. Best Practices of Sovereign Wealth Funds -- 20. Investment Policies of Sovereign Wealth Funds -- 21. Why a Commercial Focus Is Key to SWF Development Success -- 22.The SWF Portfolio: Next Generation Challenges and Opportunities -- 23.Sovereign Wealth Funds and Socially Responsible and Sustainable Investing -- 24.Sovereign Wealth Funds and Climate Change -- 25. Performance of Sovereign Wealth Funds: Benchmarks and Beyond -- 26. The Norway Government Pension Fund Global: The World’s Largest Sovereign Wealth Fund -- 27. European and Asian Sovereign Wealth Funds -- 28. Sovereign Wealth Funds on Four Continents -- 29. Sovereign Wealth Funds Across Countries: Similarities and Difference -- 30. Sovereign Wealth Funds During Crises -- 31. Sovereign Wealth Funds in Venture Capital: Exploring the New Frontiers -- 32. The Interface of Islamic Finance and Sovereign Wealth Funds -- 33.The Future of Sovereign Wealth Funds: Challenges and Opportunities.
    Abstract: The Palgrave Handbook of Sovereign Wealth Funds provides a comprehensive, detailed analysis of these funds from a multidimensional perspective consisting of 33 chapters divided into seven sections. Section I provides background material about SWFs, providing a foundation for the remainder of the handbook. Section II examines various controversies, governance, and accountability topics involving SWFs. Section III discusses the political, legal, and tax aspects of SWFs. Section IV reviews numerous topics involving SWF management. Section V deals with SWFs’ policies, preferences, and performance. Section VI provides descriptive analyses of SWFs based on country or region. It also offers a comparison of SWF similarities and differences across countries. Section VII concludes by examining special issues and the future of SWFs. This handbook spans the gamut from theoretical to practical while offering the right balance of detailed and user-friendly coverage. Discussion of relevant research permeates the handbook. Although other books are available on SWFs, few are as comprehensive or provide a multidimensional perspective from academics and practitioners. This handbook fills a gap by showing how SWFs are a growing and dynamic force in international finance. “The Palgrave Handbook of Sovereign Wealth Funds was written by experts in the field on both sides of the aisle − practitioners and academicians – making it unique.” —Bader Al Rushaid Al Bader, Former Chairman of Kuwait Investment Company and Former Deputy Managing Director of Kuwait Investment Authority “Covering the history, management, politics, governance, and accountability issues relating to sovereign wealth funds, this handbook dives deep into the myriad opportunities and challenges faced by these distinctive financial institutions.” —Bill Megginson, Professor and Price Chair in Finance at the University of Oklahoma’s Michael F Price College of Business “This handbook is an excellent addition to this strategic field of sovereign wealth funds. Experts contributed to this informative handbook. I highly recommend it to anyone interested in this topic.” —Ahmad Al-Sayed, Chairman of Doha Venture Capital Fund (DVC) and Former Chief Executive Officer of Qatar Investment Authority and Qatar Holding.
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    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789819713820
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVI, 328 p. 123 illus., 94 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Springer Texts in Business and Economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Schools of economics. ; Economics ; Economics. ; Econometrics. ; Architecture of the Economic System ; Heterogeneous Interaction and Coordination ; Fault-tolerant Economic System ; Peer-to-peer Transaction ; Blockchain Tied with DLT
    Abstract: Critical Assessments of Economics -- The Role of Money -- A Critical Assessment of Pure Economics -- Redomaining Equilibrium Economics -- Interpreting the Iterated Dilemma Games by using the Presentation Like “Cellular Automatons" -- Evolution of Economics -- The Evolution of Molecule System and the Systemic Risks -- A Measure of Systemic Risk Derived from the Input-Output Table -- Alternative Developing Tools for Economics -- Evolutionary Reconstruction of Economics -- The Reconstruction of the Theory of Production and Preference -- Choice Axioms and A Geometrical Analysis of Rankings -- The Evolution of Exchange Process -- A Theory of International Trade -- Elementary Stochastic Methods for Economics -- Elementary Tools for Stochasitc Analysis -- Stochastic Methods from the Simplest Transaction Dynamics to the Complex Networks -- Statistical Approach on The Economic System.
    Abstract: This textbook presents a new way to visualize or imagine the evolutionary architecture of economics, to judge both its practical outcomes and its ultimate value. Evolutionary economics employs an Aristotelian architecture. The cognitive value of this imagination[H1] must be directly relevant to the evolutionary theory and practice of designing the architecture of the economic system. Mainstream economics completely ignores design value in order to concentrate on the ideal, Platonic vision of the economy. The current system is no longer one that converges on a constant entity, because the system is constantly evolving. The advent of the digital economy is an indispensable next step, and computational power and algorithmic rationality are increasingly dominating the economic system—and complicating it. In today’s society, neither fault nor malice matters in the algorithmic or human system. There is little room left for the effective working of human reason. Correspondingly, the meanings of money, exchange, the market system, auctions, production, consumption, and the currency transaction system are poised to change. In most cases, there will be digital counterparts. A smart contract tied together with DLT, for example, makes it possible to design an economically well-behaved peer-to-peer (P2P) system, which ranges from the micromarket to the international currency transaction system. The introduction of this technology and its architectural design may suggest what a truly decentralized future entails. This change may also bring about a new understanding of existing social consensus and practice. Thus, the implementation of these considerations naturally leads to a new style of chapter structuring in this book, from the classical analytical approach to exploring computational methods and digital tools: in many cases, the problems presented in each chapter are combined with discussions of a respective computational method and its practical value. .
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031355837
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (ca. 2863 Seiten. eReference.) , 230 Illustrationen
    Edition: 3rd ed. 2024.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Kliometrie ; Theorie ; Humankapital ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Finanzsystem ; Konjunktur ; Wirtschaftsgeschichte ; Welt ; Economic history. ; Econometrics. ; Economics ; Labor economics. ; Population ; Macroeconomics. ; Cliometrics ; Econometric history ; Human capital ; Growth ; Financial systems ; Innovation ; Anthropometrics ; Capital markets ; Economic development ; Gender in Economic History ; Socioeconomic development ; Labor markets ; Robert Fogel ; Industrial revolution ; GDP ; US financial system ; Antebellum banking ; Financial crises ; Income inequality ; Great depression ; Handbuch ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Family reconstitution data: a cliometric view -- History of cliometrics -- Growth theories -- Cliometric approaches to war -- GDP and convergence in modern times -- Cliometrics and the great depression -- Financial Systems -- Cliometric approaches to international trade -- Time series -- The industrial revolution: a cliometric perspective -- The cliometric study of financial panics and crashes.
    Abstract: This handbook is a milestone in the field of historical economics and econometric history through its emphasis on the concrete contribution of cliometrics to our knowledge in economics and history. The articles in the handbook authored by the leading scholars in the fields, stress the usefulness of cliometrics for economists, historians and social scientists in general. The handbook offers a comprehensive coverage of topics with each article providing an overview of the contributions of cliometrics to a particular topic. The handbook has set a new standard of quality in the field by offering a world-wide forum of discussion in cliometrics. This updated and extended third edition of the handbook of cliometrics offers a substantially enlarged collection of articles and thus stresses its unique position as authoritative reference work in this field.
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    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031600401
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VII, 125 p.)
    Series Statement: Palgrave Pivots in Sports Economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Sports ; Industries. ; Economics ; Industrial organization. ; Social economic agency ; Political economy of sport ; Sports attendance ; Sports attendance demand ; Economic methodology ; Economic agent ; Decision-making ; Shared agency ; Kahneman
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. The curious case of the missing social agent in sports economics -- 3. Missing links: towards a theory of social economic agency for sports attendance -- 4. A critical realist-behavioural economics hybrid theory of sports attendance demand: the view from the other side of the dividing line in economics -- 5. Afterword: ways forward.
    Abstract: This book provides a new and unique perspective on ideas of demand within sports economics. It reviews the methodologies that underpin the current analysis of the demand for sporting events, highlights their limitations, and proposes ways in which they can be improved. By proposing a new framework that takes approaches from behavioural economics, the sociality of sport demand, and maximization models, an understanding of the demand of sporting events is presented that embraces qualitative and mixed methods. This book offers insight into a key economic idea through the lens of sports economics and the attendance of sporting events. It will be relevant to students and researchers interested in sports economics and the political economy of sport. John Embery is a Researcher and Course Director at Leeds Beckett University. .
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    ISBN: 9783031624032
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXI, 265 p. 10 illus., 5 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Finance. ; History. ; Economics ; Actuarial science. ; Social history.
    Abstract: PART ONE: A BLESSED OLD AGE -- Chapter 1: DO YOU BELIEVE IN PENSIONS? -- Chapter 2: LONGEVITY RISK AND RELIGION -- Chapter 3: THE BENEFITS OF POOLING -- PART TWO: CHURCH & UNIVERSITY -- Chapter 4: AN ENLIGHTENED FINANCIAL INNOVATION -- Chapter 5: A PRESBYTERIAN SCHEME FOR MINISTERS -- Chapter 6: ALEXANDER WEBSTER AND THE ARCHIVES -- Chapter 7: ANNUITY MANAGEMENT IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY -- Chapter 8: FROM CHURCH PAYGO TO FULLY FUNDED -- Chapter 9: SCIENTIFIC MODELS VERSUS RELIGIOUS BELIEFS -- Chapter 10: THE FIRST BIBLICAL ANNUITY -- PART THREE: FROM RETIREMENT TO DECUMULATION -- Chapter 11: PENSION RESISTANCE IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY -- Chapter 12: LONGEVITY HETEROGENEITY IN THE 21ST CENTURY.
    Abstract: This book presents a unique historical study on the origins of longevity risk management and its links to religious institutions in the eighteenth century. Throughout history, monarchs, affluent patrons, and wealthy benefactors routinely pledged to provide their devotees with pensions or life annuities, mirroring the biblical concept of ‘daily bread for life’. Until the eighteenth century, however, the uncertainty around the longevity of beneficiaries’ lives and the difficulty of budgeting for random financial obligations had posed economic challenges that often led to insufficient funding and high default rates. This book narrates the genesis of longevity risk pooling and the first successfully funded annuity scheme in history, an eventual prototype for national pension plans around the world. It examines how a group of Protestant clergymen, scientists, and intellectuals associated with the Presbyterian Church of Scotland pioneered innovative methods for setting up a reversionary annuity and widow’s pension plan, guided by actuarial principles. Unknown to many, the economist Adam Smith, and other literati of the Scottish Enlightenment, invested in this novel annuity. Illuminating the social and theological contexts of this scheme, the book argues that religious belief played a critical role in the development of best practices around the prudent management of longevity risk. The practices, values and beliefs in divine probabilities were at the heart of these thought leaders’ confidence in long-term financial projections. Shedding light on this fascinating aspect of actuarial history by an examination of the archival records, while also linking to contextual discussions of modern pension challenges, this book will be of interest to scholars and readers interested in finance, insurance, pensions, and religion. Moshe A. Milevsky is a tenured professor at the Schulich School of Business, York University (in Toronto), and a Fellow (2002) of the Fields Institute for Research in Mathematical Sciences, with graduate degrees in Financial Economics, Mathematical Statistics, and History from the University of Edinburgh. He has published 17 books, over 65 peer-reviewed papers, and hundreds of newspaper pieces. .
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031520532
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XV, 1164 p. 8 illus., 1 illus. in color. In 2 volumes, not available separately.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Economics ; Finance, Public. ; Economic history. ; Econometrics.
    Abstract: Introduction -- Part I Themes in Harvard Economics -- 1. Econometrics at Harvard -- 2. Harvard’s Contributions to Development Economics -- 3. Economic History and Economic Historians at Harvard -- Part II Some Harvard Economists -- 4. Charles Franklin Dunbar (1830–1900) -- 5. Frank W. Taussig (1859–1940) -- 6. Thomas Nixon Carver (1865–1961) -- 7. Joseph A. Schumpeter (1883–1950) -- 8. John Henry Williams (1887–1980) -- 9. Alvin H. Hansen (1887–1975) -- 10. Sumner Huber Slichter (1892–1959) -- 11. Edward S. Mason (1899–1992) -- 12. Edward H. Chamberlin (1899–1967) -- 13. Gottfried Haberler (1900–1995) -- 14. Alexander Gerschenkron (1904–1978) -- 15. Wassily W. Leontief (1905–1999) -- 16. John Kenneth Galbraith (1908–2006) -- 17. Richard A. Musgrave (1910–2007) -- 18. Abram Bergson (1914–2003) -- 19. John T. Dunlop (1914–2003) -- 20. James Duesenberry (1918–2009) -- 21. David S. Landes (1924–2013) -- 22. Hendrik S. Houthakker (1924–2008) -- 23. Otto Eckstein (1927–1984) -- 24. Zvi Griliches (1930–1999) -- 25. Dale W. Jorgenson (1933–2022) -- 26. Dwight Heald Perkins (1934–) -- 27. Martin Feldstein (1939–2019) -- 28. Joseph P. Newhouse (1942–) -- 29. Martin L. Weitzman (1942–2019) -- 30. Richard B. Freeman (1943–) -- 31. Benjamin M. Friedman (1944–) -- 32. Robert J. Barro (1944–) -- 33. Elhanan Helpman (1946–) -- 34. Claudia Goldin (1946–) -- 35. Jerry R. Green (1946–) -- 36. James L. Medoff (1947–2012) -- 37. Robert N. Stavins (1948–) -- 38. Oliver Hart (1948–) -- 39. Eric S. Maskin (1950–) -- 40. Jeffrey D. Sachs (1954–) -- 41. Alberto Alesina (1957–2020) -- 42. N. Gregory Mankiw (1958–) -- 43. Lawrence F. Katz (1959–) -- 44. Michael R. Kremer (1964–).
    Abstract: Harvard University has been and continues to be one of the most important global centres for economics. With three chapters on themes in Harvard economics and 41 chapters on the lives and work of Harvard economists, these two volumes show how economics became established at the University, how it produced some of the world’s best-known economists, including Joseph Schumpeter, Wassily Leontief and John Kenneth Galbraith, and how it remains a global force for the very best in teaching and research in economics. With original contributions from a stellar cast, the volumes provide economists – especially those interested in macroeconomics and the history of economic thought – with an in-depth analysis of Harvard economics. Robert A. Cord holds a PhD from the University of Cambridge, and his areas of interest include the history of economic thought and, within this, the history of macroeconomics. His publications include Reinterpreting the Keynesian Revolution (2012), Milton Friedman: Contributions to Economics and Public Policy (co-editor; 2016) and The Palgrave Companion to Chicago Economics (editor; 2022).
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    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9789819705191 , 9819705193
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 280 Seiten) , 11 illus.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dignity, Freedom and Justice
    DDC: 303,372
    Keywords: Social justice ; Normativity (Ethics) ; Philosophy ; Economics ; Human rights ; Social Justice ; Normative Ethics ; Philosophy of Economics ; Human Rights
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9783031543241
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 149 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Palgrave Studies in Economic History
    Keywords: Economic history ; Economics ; History of engineering and technology ; Dutch paper industry ; paper ; mechanic papermaking ; technological innovation ; Dutch business history ; natural resources ; pulp and paper industry ; raw materials for paper industry ; groundwood ; Dutch 'golden age' ; phases of capitalism ; industry survival ; industrialization ; Post-Fordism ; deregulation
    Abstract: This open access book is the first to provide an analysis of the Dutch paper industry over a period encompassing six centuries. Responding to a trend of renewed scholarly interest in paper industries and production, the book seeks to illuminate the factors behind this relatively small national industry’s centuries-long survival. Previous historical research has shown that sets of colonial, trade, merchant and family networks, tightly interwoven through a dense web of capital, were crucial for paper production and trade in early modern Europe. This book situates the Dutch paper industry within these overlapping contexts and their shifting dynamics over time, and historicizes the challenges and obstacles it had to overcome through four phases of capitalism: the rise of Dutch capitalism (1580–1815), Dutch monarchic liberalism (1815–1914), Fordism (1914–1980), and post-Fordism (1980 until now). Each chapter covers not only technological advancements in the industry, but its development alongside further determining dimensions, such as state-industry relations (industry policies), labour-capital relations (unions) and competition and cooperation, overall painting a picture of how the industry adapted to and endured changes in national and global networks surrounding the industry. This book will be of broad interest to scholars of economic and business history, as well as industrial history, political economy, and management studies
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9789819953622 , 9819953626
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXV, 400 Seiten) , 9 illus.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ikeda, Sanford A City Cannot Be a Work of Art
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Human geography ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Urban policy ; Economics ; Sociology, Urban ; Regional economics ; Spatial economics ; Human Geography ; Social Theory ; Urban Policy ; Economics ; Urban Sociology ; Regional and Spatial Economics
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789819985777
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 139 p. 46 illus., 38 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Advances in Japanese Business and Economics 32
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Economics. ; Power resources. ; Energy policy. ; Energy and state. ; Field experiments ; Electric power industry ; Smart grid ; Dynamic pricing ; Demand response ; Power crisis ; Great East Japan Earthquake
    Abstract: Part I Smart Grid Economics -- Chapter 1 Economics of Smart Grid: Smart Grid, Time-dependent Pricing (Dynamic Pricing), Demand Response -- Part II Field Experimental Economics -- Chapter 2 Economics of Field Experiment: History of Field Experiment, especially in Energy and Environmental Economics -- Chapter 3 Dynamic Pricing: Purpose, Design, and Results of Field Experiment of Dynamic Pricing -- Chapter 4 Persistence and Habit Formation: Short-term and Long-term Effects of Conservation Request and Dynamic Pricing -- Chapter 5 Switching Cost and Information Friction: Status Quo Bias and Cognitive Incompleteness of Behavioral Change -- Chapter 6 Social Welfare Analysis: Cost-Benefit Ratio of Installing Smart Grid System -- Part III Toward Power System Restructuring -- Chapter 7 Power System Restructuring and Smart Grids.
    Abstract: This book aims to report on a cutting-edge research project of the smart grid in Japan, resting on the three pillars of field experiments, behavioral economics, and big data. The field experiments on the smart grid were conducted in four regions in Japan—Yokohama city, Toyota city, Keihanna Science City, and Kitakyushu city—over a three-year period from 2012 to 2014 after the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011, and the subsequent accident at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plants. Our focus here is on demand response in the smart grid environment, which we also discuss in the context of power system reforms. The book is intended for undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, policy makers, and business leaders.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031517372
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XV, 271 p. 11 illus.)
    Series Statement: Palgrave Studies in the History of Economic Thought
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Macroeconomics. ; Schools of economics. ; International economic relations. ; Financial services industry. ; history of economic thought through 1925 ; history of economic thought since 1925 ; monetary economics ; central banking ; international monetary arrangements and institutions ; economic pathologies ; monetary reform ; national payments ; international payments ; sovereign debt crises ; theory of money emissions
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction -- PART 1: NATIONAL PAYMENTS- Chapter 2. Nominal and real money, general equivalent, and value -- Chapter 3. From money as a numéraire to the quantity theory of money -- Chapter 4. Keynes on bank money and the ‘monetary theory of production’ -- Chapter 5. The macroeconomic analysis of national payments -- PART II: INTERNATIONAL PAYMENTS -- Chapter 6. The classical view of international transactions -- Chapter 7. The neoclassical approach to international transactions -- Chapter 8. Keynes’s analysis of external payments -- Chapter 9. The macroeconomic analysis of international payments -- Chapter 10. Conclusion.
    Abstract: This book demonstrates the relevance of the historical perspective with respect to national and international payment systems. Its analysis of national and international payments develops along a dialectical path that starts with the work of the Classics (thesis), undergoes a radical turn with the advent of the neoclassical school (antithesis), and reaches the modern theory of emissions passing through Keynes’s contribution (synthesis). That the history of economic thought occupies a legitimate place in the field of historical studies is beyond dispute. What may be less well understood is that it can serve purposes beyond those of the academic community of historians. This book critically investigates the contributions of the greatest economists of the past to provide insights into the pathologies of today’s systems of national and international payments and into the reforms that are needed to correct them. It will be relevant to students and researchers interested in economic policy and the history of economic thought. Andrea Carrera is an Assistant Professor of Applied Economics at Complutense University of Madrid and an Affiliated Researcher at the Complutense Institute for International Studies (ICEI). He has also been serving as a Marie Skłodowska-Curie exchange researcher in Asia and South America. His current research interests are in monetary economics and economic catch-up. Alvaro Cencini is Professor Emeritus of Monetary Economics at the Università della Svizzera italiana, Switzerland. He holds a D.phil degree from the University of Fribourg and a Ph.D. degree from the London School of Economics. He is the author of several books, contributions to books, and peer-reviewed journals on monetary economics. See also: www.quantum-macroeconomics.info.
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789819707065
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 176 p. 9 illus., 6 illus. in color.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Household Finance ; Finance Health ; Financial Resilience ; Financial Literacy ; Family Financial Behavior ; Household Asset Allocation ; Risky Financial Market ; Entrepreneurial Activity ; Financial Consumer Protection ; FinTec
    Abstract: Chinese Household Finance: Research Background and Conceptual Delineation -- Health status, risk attitude and Household financial investment behavior -- Housing type, financial literacy and household financial investment behavior -- The effect of mental accounting and housing wealth on household financial asset allocation -- The age-period-cohort effect on household financial health -- The influence of risk attitude and borrowing participation on resident entrepreneurship -- The influence of financial exclusion and financial literacy on resident entrepreneurship -- The impact of digital technology on household finance -- Fintech, household finance, and financial consumer protection: opportunities, challenges, and countermeasures.
    Abstract: This book systematically studies and discusses pertinent issues related to household finance in China. This book not only elucidates the concept and connotation of household finance, but also extensively examines the significance and necessity of enhancing household finance and upholding household financial well-being. Drawing upon theories from economics, psychology, sociology, and behavioral finance, it conducts a quantitative analysis of family finance and its influencing factors by constructing models such as Probit model, Tobit model, and APC model to empirically test the underlying mediation mechanism. In addition, from the perspective of inclusive finance development and safeguarding the rights and interests of financial consumers, this book expounds on its profound impact on household finance. This book is a valuable reference for researchers in related fields, and it also provides some insights into residents’ and families’ awareness of financial health. Furthermore, it aids in formulating and improving consumption policies, adjusting economic structures, and preventing household financial risks. This research provides valuable guidance for enhancing family welfare and increasing property income for Chinese residents.
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9783031502224
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVII, 423 p. 11 illus.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Econometrics. ; Economic history. ; Economic theory ; History of economic thought ; Post-war economics ; economics of neoclassical synthesis ; heterodox economics ; non-walrasian economics ; financial crisis of 2007-2008 ; economics of Harvard, Yale, Chicago and Princeton
    Abstract: Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Economics at Harvard and MIT -- Chapter 3: Economics at the Cowles Commission in Chicago and Yale -- Chapter 4: Economics at the Graduate School of Industrial Administration (GSIA) in Pittsburgh -- Chapter 5: The development of the theory of games at Princeton and the Rand Corporation -- Chapter 6: Economics in Chicago and the New Chicago School -- Chapter 7: Economics in Cambridge, UK, after Keynes -- Chapter 8: Non-Mainstream Economics in the USA -- Chapter 9: Great Theoretical Controversies -- Chapter 8: The Crisis of Keynesianism and the Emergent Dominance of the Chicago School and Neoliberalism à la Chicago. .
    Abstract: This book, set out over four-volumes, provides a comprehensive history of economic thought in the 20th century. Special attention is given to the cultural and historical background behind the development of economic theories, the leading or the peripheral research communities and their interactions, and a critical appreciation and assessment of economic theories throughout these times. Volume III addresses economic theory in the period of the new golden age of capitalism, between the years from the end of the Second World War to the mid1970s, which saw the establishment of the new mainstream, in particular in its Harvard-MIT-Cowles version. It was the period of the pre-eminence of the Neoclassical Keynesian Synthesis—the theoretical core of the period’s dominant school of thought. This work provides a significant and original contribution to the history of economic thought and gives insight to the thinking of some of the major international figures in economics. It will appeal to students, scholars and the more informed reader wishing to further their understanding of the history of the discipline. Roberto Marchionatti is Professor Emeritus of Economics at the University of Torino, Fellow of the Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, and a Life Member of Clare Hall College, Cambridge. He has previously been a Visiting Scholar at the University of New York and the University of Cambridge. He is the editor of Annals of Fondazione Luigi Einaudi: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Economics, History and Political Science and he has been co-editor of History of Economic Ideas. He has published almost 50 journal articles and more than 15 books as well as a great number of contributions in edited volumes.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9783031484575
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 316 p. 55 illus., 37 illus. in color.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The ESG framework and the energy industry
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    RVK:
    Keywords: Power resources. ; Business enterprises ; Economics ; Energy policy. ; Energy and state. ; Environmental ; Social and Governance ; Corporate finance ; Economic Incentives for ESG Activities ; Market-Based Policies for ESG Activities ; Financial markets ; Financial risks ; Corporate governance ; Behavioral finance ; Energy financing ; Energy markets ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction (James Thewissen) -- Part I. Energy Resources and ESG Criteria: Demand and Supply Issues -- Chapter 2. The Causal Relationship Between ESG and Economic Growth: Evidence from the Panel of Commonwealth Independent States (Nermin Yasar Baskaraagac) -- Chapter 3. Macroeconomic Determinants of Energy Poverty in Türkiye (Goktug Sahin) -- Chapter 4. Towards Economic Growth Without CO2 Emissions: the Case of Türkiye (Wietze Lise) -- Chapter 5. The Natural Gas War between Europe and Russia after the Invasion of Ukraine (Mehmet Baha) -- Part II. Market-Based Policies for ESG Activities in the Energy Sector -- Chapter 6. ESG Performances of Energy Companies in OECD Countries: A Clustering Approach (Cem Menten) -- Chapter 7. The Impact of Renewable Energy Incentives on Carbon Prices in the USA (Esin Hilal Çoşkun) -- Chapter 8. Static and Dynamic Connectedness between Green Bonds and Clean Energy Markets (Ayşe Nur Şahinler) -- Chapter 9. Do Green Bonds Improve the Stock and Environmental Performance of Energy Firms? International Evidence (Mehmet Baha Karan) -- Part III. Dealing with ESG Issues: Creating Corporate Value -- Chapter 10. Resilience in Power Generation: Two Case Studies from Turkey (Fatih Avcı) -- Chapter 11. The Effect of Environmental Scores on Financial Performance in the European Region (Gizem Arı) -- Chapter 12. The Impact of Executive Pay Gap on Environmental and Social Performance in the Energy Sector: Worldwide Evidence (Deniz Kartal) -- Chapter 13. Sector and Country Effects of Carbon Reduction on Firm Performance (Robin van Emous).
    Abstract: This book contributes to a better understanding of the importance of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles for corporate value in the energy industry. In particular, it analyzes how the energy industry is achieving this shift in response to government regulations and how it is addressing specific ESG issues. It discusses various economic incentives and market-based policies for ESG activities in the energy sector and highlights how energy firms are using environmental, social and governance initiatives to create value. In turn, the book demonstrates how ESG principles can be implemented while considering various economic and corporate issues, such as financial markets, financial risks, asset pricing, value at risk, capital structure, capital budgeting, corporate (re)structuring, corporate governance, behavioral finance, financial performance, asset pricing, cost control, financial accounting, fiscal issues, institutions, governance, and legal aspects. Accordingly, it will appeal to scholars of economics, finance, and energy policy, and to anyone interested in the implementation of ESG principles in the energy industry. This is the ninth book in a series organized by the Centre for Energy and Value Issues (CEVI). In this book, CEVI collaborates with the Hacettepe University Energy Markets Research and Application Center (Ankara, Turkey). The previous volumes in the series were: Financial Aspects in Energy (2011), Energy Economics and Financial Markets (2012), Perspectives on Energy Risk (2014), Energy Technology and Valuation Issues (2015), Energy and Finance (2016), Energy Economy, Finance and Geostrategy (2018), Financial Implications of Regulations in the Energy Industry (2020) and Applied Operations Research and Financial Modelling in Energy (2021).
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031512629
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (IX, 295 p. 1 illus.)
    Series Statement: Palgrave Studies in Classical Liberalism
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Feminist economics. ; Economics. ; Women ; gender equality ; classical liberalism ; separate spheres doctrine ; political economy and gender ; feminist economics ; labour ; home economics ; marriage theory
    Abstract: PART I: Escaping the doctrine of the separate spheres (1700s-early 1900s). The economists’ points of view -- Chapter 1: Educated women as an asset to society: the role of classical liberal tradition in modern Europe -- Chapter 2: Women and the job market in Victorian England and Progressive America -- Chapter 3: Women’s new path towards the public sphere -- Part II: The doctrine of the separate spheres between rebirth and rejection (1920s- early 2000s). Marriage theory in economics -- Chapter 4: Reviving the doctrine of separate spheres: the new home economics -- Chapter 5: Feminist economics and the doctrine of the separate spheres.
    Abstract: This book delves into the doctrine of separate spheres within the history of economic thought. The concept of separate spheres emerged in philosophy and has consistently been incorporated by various disciplines. This book stands as the first comprehensive exploration of how this doctrine was embraced, adapted, and contested by economists engaged in gender issues and marriage theory. Spanning the late eighteenth to the early twentieth century, it illuminates the evolution of the drive for gender equality—rooted primarily in the tradition of classical liberalism—across the landscape of economic ideas and theories. This book is a valuable resource for scholars and researchers interested in the intricate history of the interconnections among between economic thought, feminism, gender studies, and cultural studies. Giandomenica Becchio is Associate Professor at the Department of Economics, Social Sciences, Mathematics and Statistics (ESOMAS), University of Torino, Italy. Her research encompasses the history of economic thought, with a specific emphasis on gender issues, as well as the methodology of economics and the classical liberal tradition within political economy.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031401350
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXVII, 420 p. 2 illus.)
    Series Statement: Palgrave Studies in the History of Economic Thought
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Economics. ; Schools of economics. ; A Treatise on Money ; John Maynard Keynes ; Ralph Hawtrey ; Social philosophy ; Monetary economics ; A Tract on Monetary Reform ; General Theory ; Cambridge economics ; International Clearing Union plan ; Employment policy
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. Keynes’s Theory in the Making -- 3. How Did Keynes Transform His Theory from the Tract into the Treatise? -- 4. How, and for How Long Did Keynes Maintain The Treatise Theory? -- 5. The Turning Point in Keynes’s Theoretical Development -- 6. Keynes as a Planner and Negotiator - International Clearing Union -- 7. Keynes and the Transmutation Process of the Plan for Commodity Control Scheme -- 8. International Design and the British Empire - On the Relief Problem -- 9. The Welfare State in the Making - Beveridge and Keynes -- 10. Keynes’s Employment Policy in the Making - The Keynesian Revolution in Economic Policy -- 11. A Treatise on Probability and My Early Beliefs -- 12. Keynes’s New Liberalism Re-Examined -- 13. Hawtrey’s Philosophy through His Unpublished Thought and Things -- 14. Hawtrey on Welfare and Value -- 15. Exploring Hawtrey’s Social Philosophy through His Unpublished Book -- 16. Prof. Aoyama’s Study on Robertson and Keynes in Interwar Japan -- 17. Keynes and Monetary Economics -- 18. Recent Japanese Studies in the Development on Keynes’s Thought.
    Abstract: This book provides an insightful and original perspective on the work and legacy of John Maynard Keynes. It explores his work as an economist, world system planner, and social philosopher to highlight the different ways he influenced economics, economic policy, and the global political economy. Particularly attention is given to the development of the ideas which led up to The General Theory, his role as a planner and negotiator within international organizations, his work on the development of the post-war UK system, his debates with British Economists. This book examines the work and international legacy of one of economics’ defining thinkers. It will be of interest to students and researchers interested in the political economy and the history of economic thought. Toshiaki Hirai is Emeritus Professor at Sophia University. He is editor-in-chief of The Review of Keynesian Studies, published by the Keynes Society Japan.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031530517
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XII, 321 p. 36 illus., 1 illus. in color.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Priority of Needs?
    Keywords: Social choice. ; Welfare economics. ; Economics ; Public administration. ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology). ; Political science ; Need-based distributive justice ; Identification of needs ; Social recognition of needs ; Social groups ; Political recognition of needs ; Welfare ; Social utility ; Justice principles ; Prioritization in the health care sector ; Pandemic ; Covid-19 ; Social equity ; Welfare state ; Social identity ; Decision-making ; Equality ; Administrative processes ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Why Prioritize Needs? -- Part I: Identification of Needs -- Chapter 2. Need as One Distribution Principle: Frames and Framing -- Chapter 3. Measuring Need-Based Justice—Empirically and Formally -- Part II: Structures and Processes of the Recognition of Needs -- Chapter 4. The Social Recognition of Needs -- Chapter 5. The Political Recognition of Needs -- Chapter 6. Deliberation and Need-Based Distribution -- Part III: Welfare Consequences of Prioritizing Need-based Distributions -- Chapter 7. Need-based Justice and Social Utility: A Preference Approach -- Chapter 8. How Sustainable is Need-Based Redistribution? -- Part IV Differentiation -- Chapter 9. Need and Street-Level Bureaucracy. How Street-Level Bureaucrats Understand and Prioritize Need -- Chapter 10. Justice Principles, Prioritization in the Health Care Sector, and the Effect of Framing -- Chapter 11. Conclusion: Elements of a Theory of Need-Based Justice.
    Abstract: This book develops an empirically informed normative theory of need-based justice, summarizing core findings of the DFG research group FOR2104 “Need-based Justice and Distributive Procedures”. In eleven chapters scholars from the fields of economics, political science, philosophy, psychology, and sociology cover the identification and rationale of needs, the recognition and legitimacy of needs, the dynamics and stability of procedures of distributions according to needs, and the consequences and sustainability of need-based distributions. These four areas are studied from the perspective of two mechanisms of need objectification, the social objectification by the discursive generation of mutual understanding (transparency) and the factual objectification by the transfer of decisions to uninvolved experts (expertise). The volume addresses academics in the fields of justice research, ethics, political theory, social choice and welfare, framing, individual and group decision making, inequality and redistribution, as well as advanced students in the contributing disciplines.
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9789811950995
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (347 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Series Statement: The Great Transformation of China Series
    DDC: 305.550951
    Keywords: Economics ; Electronic books
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 64
    ISBN: 3031191536 , 9783031191534
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (433 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Parallel Title: Print version: Lerpold, Lin Migration and Integration in a Post-Pandemic World
    DDC: 304.8
    Keywords: Labor economics. ; Economics. ; Emigration and immigration--Social aspects. ; Economic policy. ; Social policy. ; Labor Economics. ; Political Economy and Economic Systems. ; Sociology of Migration. ; Socio-Economic Policy. ; Économie du travail. ; Économie politique. ; Politique économique. ; economics. ; Economic policy ; Economics ; Emigration and immigration Social aspects ; Labor economics ; Social policy ; Electronic books.
    Abstract: As the world emerges from the COVID-19 pandemic, this book explores current migration and integration challenges. Against the background of long-term migration trends, it asks whether the pandemic has changed the patterns observed, transformed the circumstances international migrants face at destination or whether the opportunities and challenges for integration have been altered. Twenty-four researchers have contributed to this volume with research attention on how COVID-19 has affected transnationalism and identity, labour market employment, and impacted the discrimination of migrants in a variety of ways. Loyalties and tensions created by the need to include also hesitant migrant groups in vaccination programmes are explored. The role of cosmopolitanism and welfare chauvinism in narratives on inward migrations flows, the stance of trade unions on migration, the complexities of implementing return policies, and the challenges faced by unaccompanied refugee youth from Afghanistan are also discussed. The book aims to provide a background to the future of migration, both in relation to the labour market and to society. It will be relevant to multi-stakeholders, students, and scholars interested in migration and integration as well as in the economic and social impact of Covid-19. Lin Lerpold is an Associate Professor at the Stockholm School of Economics. She is also director of the SIR Center for Sustainability Research and vice director of the Sustainable Finance Lab. She was the founding director of the Mistra Center for Sustainable Markets and her research focuses on various aspects of social sustainability. Örjan Sjöberg is a Professor of Economic Geography at the Stockholm School of Economics, where he is also affiliated with the SIR Center for Sustainability Research. He has a longstanding interest in issues at the intersection of migration, labour markets and urban growth. Karl Wennberg is a Professor at the Stockholm School of Economics and academic director of the House of Governance and Public Policy (GaPP). His current research deals with processes and outcomes related to organisational diversity, entrepreneurship and innovation policy, and education economics. His work has been published in a range of academic journals and books. .
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction to Migration and Integration in a Post-pandemic World -- The Shape of Things to Come: International Migration in the 21st X Century -- New Perspectives on Migrant Transnationalism in the Pandemic Era -- Cosmopolitanism and Welfare Chauvinism in Sweden -- Binds and Bridges to Protection in Crisis: The Case of Unaccompanied Refugee Youth from Afghanistan in Sweden -- The Tricky Thing of Implementing Migration Policies: Insights from Return Policies in Sweden -- Migration, Trade Unions and the Re-making of Social Inclusion: The Case of Territorial Union Engagement in France, Italy and Spain -- Swedish Trade Unions and Migration: Challenges and Responses -- Unemployed Marginalised Immigrant Women: Work Integrating Social Enterprises as a Possible Solution -- Skill Requirements and Employment of Immigrants in Swedish Hospitality -- Ethnic Discrimination During the Covid-19 Pandemic -- Model Minority and Honorary White? Structural and Individual Accounts on Being Asian in Sweden -- Loyalty and Integration among Young Adults with Minority Backgrounds in Norway -- Immigrant Integration and Vaccine Hesitancy among Somali Immigrants in Stockholm -- Conclusion to Migration and Integration in a Post-pandemic World.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing,
    ISBN: 978-3-031-22067-8
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 209 Seiten) : , Illustrationen.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023
    Series Statement: World-Systems evolution and global futures
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 338.9
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Political Economy and Economic Systems ; Sociology of Migration ; Human Migration ; Economic Sociology ; Globalization ; Labor and Population Economics ; Economics ; Emigration and immigration—Social aspects ; Emigration and immigration ; Economic sociology ; Globalization ; Labor economics ; Population—Economic aspects
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9780191925696
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource , Illustrations.
    Series Statement: Oxford scholarship online
    DDC: 331.8928223340820941
    Keywords: Coal strike, Great Britain, 1984-1985 Social aspects ; Women Social conditions 20th century ; Industry ; Economics
    Abstract: This text examines the stories of more than 100 women and their varied experiences during the miners' strike of 1984-1985 to shed new light on working-class women's relationship to the 'political' and the 'ordinary', and demonstrate the ways in which gender roles, working-class lifestyles, and coalfield communities changed across post-war Britain.
    Note: Also issued in print: 2023 , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9781663724557 , 1663724555
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (1 audio file (4 hr., 49 min.))
    Edition: Second edition.
    DDC: 339
    Keywords: Macroeconomics ; Economic policy ; Economic development ; Monetary policy ; Economics ; Audiobooks
    Abstract: Understanding the Ground Rules for the Global Economy In this revised and updated edition of A Concise Guide to Macroeconomics, David A. Moss draws on his years of teaching at Harvard Business School to explain important macro concepts using clear and engaging language. This guidebook covers the essentials of macroeconomics and examines, in a simple and intuitive way, the core ideas of output, money, and expectations. Early chapters leave you with an understanding of everything from fiscal policy and central banking to business cycles and international trade. Later chapters provide a brief monetary history of the United States as well as the basics of macroeconomic accounting. You'll learn why countries trade, why exchange rates move, and what makes an economy grow. Moss's detailed examples will arm you with a clear picture of how the economy works and how key variables impact business and will equip you to anticipate and respond to major macroeconomic events, such as a sudden depreciation of the real exchange rate or a steep hike in the federal funds rate.
    Note: Online resource; title from title details screen (O'Reilly, viewed March 7, 2023)
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  • 68
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 2 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: The economic and fiscal costs of gender inequalities, such as the gender employment gap, are high. Intersectional analysis improves understanding of gender gaps and the measures needed to address them. This paper looks at how gender budgeting can be expanded to include intersectional analysis, allowing for consideration of how gender inequalities intersect with inequalities based on race, socioeconomic class, sexual orientation and disability. It provides examples from governments that have started to incorporate an intersectional approach to gender budgeting. It also highlights the main benefits and challenges associated with intersectional analysis and considers what governments can do to support an intersectional approach to gender budgeting.
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  • 69
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 3 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 3
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Keywords: Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: This paper, based on preliminary results of the 2023 OECD SBO Survey on Budget Frameworks, takes stock of OECD countries’ practices in top-down and medium-term budgeting. It shows that OECD countries’ fiscal frameworks can be characterised by strong reliance on multiple fiscal rules or objectives for enforcing fiscal discipline, with medium-term and top-down budgeting not used yet to their full potential in some countries. Drawing on the OECD Spending Better Framework, this paper advises that countries that wish to strengthen their fiscal frameworks reinforce the processes and institutions that underpin effective medium-term and top-down budgeting systems. Central to this is producing and publishing more regularly baseline projections of government expenditures and setting credible multi-year expenditure ceilings that serve as stringent guidelines for budget planning, while also allowing for some degree of flexibility under clearly defined conditions.
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 3 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (17 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 3
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Keywords: Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: For implementing their economic and social policies, governments have traditionally relied on direct spending but increasingly use “non-standard” policy instruments, such as loans and guarantees. However, in many OECD countries, loans and guarantees are not yet submitted to the same scrutiny than direct spending as part of the budget process, and future costs associated with the use of these policy instruments are often not estimated, nor provisioned, making them appear initially costless. In turn, this generates risks of potentially biased budgetary decision making, deviations from medium-term spending plans and limited transparency. Considering experiences of OECD countries, this paper advises that budget offices take a leading role in proposing budgetary treatments for loans and guarantees that ensure an even-level playing field with traditional spending and put considerations of efficiency of spending above optimisation of short-term fiscal outcomes.
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  • 71
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 2 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: This journal article presents a set of high-level good budgeting practices in the health sector. The purpose of these good practices is to support countries in assessing their own budgeting arrangements for health, and in designing budgeting reforms. The article builds on 10 years of work by the OECD Joint Network of Senior Budget and Health Officials.
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  • 72
    ISBN: 9781003128847
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (347 p.)
    Keywords: Economics ; Law / Environmental ; Business & Economics / Development / Sustainable Development
    Abstract: This book presents an in-depth analysis of how UN human rights institutions and mechanisms have addressed environmental protection, sustainable development, and climate change. Despite the increasing involvement of UN human rights bodies in addressing environmental degradation and climate change, a systematic review of the convergence between human rights and the environment in these bodies has not been carried out. Filing this lacuna, this book surveys the resolutions, general comments, concluding observations, decisions on individual communications and press releases. It identifies principles that have emerged, explores the ways in which human rights charter-based and treaty-based institutions are interpreting environmental principles and examines how they contribute to the emerging field of human rights and the environment. Given the disproportionate effect that polluting activities have on marginalized and vulnerable groups, Atapattu also discusses how these human rights mechanisms have addressed the impact on women, children, indigenous peoples, people with disabilities, and racial minorities. Written by a world-renowned expert on human rights and the environment, this book will be of great interest to students and scholars researching and teaching in this important field of study
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    ISBN: 9789811988035
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (702 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: Economics ; Economics-Sociological aspects ; Social systems ; Electronic books
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9781666937145 , 1666937142
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (237 pages)
    Series Statement: Economy, polity, and society
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Toward a Hayekian theory of social change
    DDC: 303.4
    Keywords: Hayek, Friedrich A. von ; Social change ; Economics ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Économie politique ; Sciences sociales - Philosophie ; economics
    Abstract: "Bringing together several scholars from different social science disciplines who relate Hayek's theory of social change to empirical phenomena and methodological debates within their respective disciplines, Toward a Hayekian Theory of Social Change explores Hayek's political economy and social philosophy in new perspective"--
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9783030815042
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.82
    Keywords: Sociology of Migration ; Political Sociology ; Political Economy and Economic Systems ; Development Economics ; Emigration and immigration / Social aspects ; Political sociology ; Economics ; Development economics
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9789819933662
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 330 p. 82 illus., 66 illus. in color)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023
    Series Statement: Contributions to Environmental Sciences & Innovative Business Technology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Sustainability ; Business and Management ; Economics ; Sustainability ; Business ; Management science ; Economics
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9781666937145
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (247 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Series Statement: Economy, Polity, and Society Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 303.4
    Keywords: Hayek, Friedrich A. von-(Friedrich August),-1899-1992 ; Social change ; Economics ; Social sciences-Philosophy
    Abstract: Bringing together several scholars from different social science disciplines who relate Hayek's theory of social change to empirical phenomena and methodological debates within their respective disciplines, Toward a Hayekian Theory of Social Change explores Hayek's political economy and social philosophy in new perspective.
    Abstract: Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- List of Tables and Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- Chapter 1: Technological Progress as the Only Source of Economic Growth?: F. A. Hayek's Critical Assessment of Growth of Technological Knowledge as a Decisive Factor for Economic Growth -- On the Necessity of Technological Progress and Other Fallacies -- The Materialistic Approach -- The Modern Macroeconomic Approach -- F. A. Hayek's Critical Assessment -- As an Economist . . . -- As a Social Philosopher . . . -- The Institutional Framework as the Ultimate Source of Economic Growth -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2: Gift-Giving as a Substitution for Monetary Exchange: Evidence from the Potlatch -- The Potlatch -- The Potlatch Ban -- Money as a Substitute for Memory -- Memory as an Alternative to Monetary Exchange -- Institutional Response to Free-Riding -- The Potlatch: Of Human Creation, but Not of Human Design -- The Effects of the Potlatch Ban on Social Memory -- Institutional Stickiness and the Potlatch Ban -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3: Locating the Artisan in Hayek's Free Civilization -- Hayek's Free Civilization -- The Artifactuality of a Free Civilization -- Freedom as an Artifact of Civilization -- Individuals as Entrepreneurs -- Bloomington School Artisanship -- Artisans -- Artisanship -- Artifacts -- Locating the Artisan -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 4: The Form of the Farm -- One Non-Liberal Criticism -- Hayek and Hayekian Environmentalism -- The Great Economy and Small Farm Conservation -- Two Paths Diverge: Membership, Blasphemy, and the Small Farm -- Conclusion: Implications and Exploring Possibilities -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 5: Friedrich Hayek on Freedom and the Rule of Law in The Constitution of Liberty -- Hayek's Defense of Freedom.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9783031440373
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxi, 163 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Series Statement: Mobility & politics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.8
    Keywords: Europäische Union ; Geschichte ; Human Migration ; Politics and Human Rights ; International Political Economy’ ; Political Economy and Economic Systems ; Emigration and immigration ; Human rights ; International economic relations ; Economics ; Russisch-Ukrainischer Krieg ; Politische Ökonomie ; Flüchtling ; Migrationspolitik ; Polen ; Ostmitteleuropa ; Polen ; Migrationspolitik ; Politische Ökonomie ; Russisch-Ukrainischer Krieg ; Flüchtling ; Europäische Union ; Ostmitteleuropa ; Geschichte
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 79
    ISBN: 9786050712261
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Series Statement: 100th anniversary of the Republic books
    Keywords: Economics ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: EditörMehmet Baykal, Jorge Haddock, Aziz Dayanır Epidemics have always profoundly affected people’s lives and caused radical changes. Many of the outbreaks in the past left deep traces on the societies of that period. For example, the Black Death is one of the most important, which started in 1346 and continued for years. The Black Death epidemic has killed millions and left a political and economic mark. According to Andrew Nikiforuk, the Black Death epidemic ended feudalism and led to the emergence of capitalism. In today’s epidemic, Covid-19 has significant effects on health, both economic and political orders in our world. The virus, which first appeared in Wuhan, China’s Hubei province, in the last months of 2019, spread to all countries around the world with an incredible speed in a few months, infecting more than six hundred million people and causing 6.5 million people to die. Thus, while the political and economic globalization processes have made positive contributions due to the market integration and human mobility that has accelerated in recent years, it has paved the way for public health risks. While the shock caused by the first wave in China and European countries is tried to be overcome, and normalization processes are tried to be advanced, health risks remain serious in the USA, Mexico, Brazil, and Russia countries where the epidemic caused the most loss of life. While country managers try to normalize gradually, vaccine development and vaccination studies continue at full speed. Vaccination cards have become the most crucial document and passports in world mobility. Now, all countries have learned to live with the pandemic. Still, to realistically evaluate the long-term effects of the Covid-19 epidemic on the world system and the global economy, it is necessary to reach a particular stage of the normalization process and to carry out comprehensive damage-detection studies on the reflections of the epidemic in areas such as growth, employment, and investment. The primary purpose of this book is to bring together various valuable studies that reveal the impact of the Covid-19 epidemic on the world economy and new world orders. This book has touched upon the subject in many fields, from tourism to the general economy, from new working systems to international relations. The studies in this book, do not cover all the changes that the Covid-19 pandemic has brought into our lives. But it reveals many approaches that will enable us to understand the pandemic’s effects better
    Note: English
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031281709 , 3031281705
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 102 Seiten) , 1 illus.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023
    Series Statement: Population Economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Balestrino, Alessandro The Economics of Family Taxation
    DDC: 304.6
    Keywords: Population Economic aspects ; Economics ; Social policy ; Population Economics ; Economics ; Social Policy
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 1 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (17 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Bonnes pratiques de l’OCDE en matière de budgétisation sensible au genre
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: This paper presents best practices for gender budgeting in OECD countries, consisting of the core features common to successful implementation of gender budgeting. These best practices identify elements that contribute to the sustainability of gender budgeting and help governments ensure that the budget helps achieve broader government objectives relating to gender equality, such as women’s participation in the labour market. The best practices draw on gender budgeting practices in Member countries and the OECD’s work with countries in designing and implementing gender budgeting.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 1 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (9 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: Legislatures’ “power of the purse”, the ability to tax and spend public money, is enshrined in constitutions worldwide as a cornerstone of legislative power in democratic countries. Their role across the budget cycle is a fundamentally important national concern, lying at the heart of issues such as transparency, inclusiveness and democratic accountability. Despite different historical, constitutional, and political contexts, common features for parliaments to play an effective role in budgeting have emerged from experiences across OECD countries.
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  • 83
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 1 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: This paper provides good-practice guidelines for parliamentary budget officials and independent fiscal institutions (IFIs) that estimate the costs of policy proposals. It covers topics including which costs to capture, how to handle behavioural responses and macroeconomic feedback, how to communicate results, and how to work with stakeholders. It also contains a section on the special considerations for costing election platforms.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 1 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 1
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:1
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: A new trend is appearing in government budgets: using the budget process to help transform society and achieve results in relation to cross-cutting government goals, referred to in this paper as “transformational agendas”, often seeking to overcome persistent economic, social or environmental issues, which require action from across different policy areas. Transformational budgeting is a holistic approach to budgeting that helps align disparate activities with central goals, or agendas. The paper reviews how budget processes have evolved in modern public finance, with a view to enhancing the efficient and effective use of inputs to deliver results. It presents the emergence of transformational budgeting as a tool to help transform societies in response to new global agendas, such as the SDGs. The paper showcases transformational budgeting in practice, drawing on experiences from Spain.
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  • 85
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting 23(2023), 2 vom: 21. Juni, Artikel-ID 6, Seite 1-15 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:2 | day:21 | month:06 | elocationid:6 | pages:1-15
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: 23(2023), 2 vom: 21. Juni, Artikel-ID 6, Seite 1-15
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: day:21
    Angaben zur Quelle: month:06
    Angaben zur Quelle: elocationid:6
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-15
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics ; Aufsatz in Zeitschrift
    Abstract: This paper explores how Early Childhood Education and Childcare (ECEC) can be more effectively financed and delivered to promote human capital development, economic growth and well-being. It discusses evidence showing that quality ECEC contributes to better education outcomes and higher future earnings, particularly for socio-economically disadvantaged children. Yet it identifies challenges in delivering ECEC services, including uneven coverage and lack of affordability in many OECD countries, necessitating intergovernmental fiscal co-operation. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic’s disruptive effects on children’s learning and future GDP, the paper underscores the urgent need for effective policy interventions. These include augmenting public spending, implementing equitable fiscal governance models, enhancing the affordability of services and establishing robust monitoring systems. By addressing these issues, the paper posits that we can ensure equitable access to high-quality ECEC and fortify the resilience of our education systems for future generations.
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  • 86
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 2 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: This paper outlines key issues and provides insights to government leaders looking to design and implement initiatives that require joint working across public agencies. The first part of this paper defines key concepts and explores the benefits and related costs of cross-agency initiatives. The second discusses various contextual elements that need to be considered when making decisions about how to design cross-agency initiatives, including the nature of the objectives, the systems of government, and relationships among potential partners. The third section looks at different models across four fundamental elements: governance; people (team support), funding, and performance monitoring. The final section looks at some of the main systemic elements that can support cross-agency initiatives success.
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  • 87
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    Online Resource
    Leiden ; Boston :Brill,
    ISBN: 978-90-04-52597-9
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VII, 408 Seiten).
    Series Statement: Historical materialism book series volume 267
    Series Statement: Historical materialism book series
    Uniform Title: Adornos Kritik der politischen Ökonomie
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Adorno, Theodor W / 1903-1969 ; Economics ; Philosophy ; Continental Philosophy
    Abstract: "To this day, there persists a widespread assumption that Adorno's references to Marx - and especially to Marx's critique of political economy - represent a relic from an early and short-lived stage of Adorno's theoretical development. On the basis of relevant and largely unpublished textual sources, this book refutes this thesis while showing that the centre of Adorno's critical theory of society is occupied by a critique not only of political economy, but of economy in general"--
    Note: Originally published: Adornos Kritik der politischen Ökonomie. Bielefeld : Transcript, 2014
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  • 88
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    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031245985
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XV, 150 p. 8 illus., 6 illus. in color)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023
    Series Statement: Cultural Economics & the Creative Economy
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    DDC: 306.3
    Keywords: Economics ; Culture ; Cultural policy ; Economic sociology ; Cultural property
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer
    ISBN: 9783031274541
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 389 p. 29 illus., 14 illus. in color)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023
    Series Statement: Relational Economics and Organization Governance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.3
    Keywords: Cultural Economics ; Business Strategy and Leadership ; Organizational Psychology ; Cultural Studies ; Organization and Leadership ; Cross-cultural Studies ; Economics ; Culture ; Strategic planning ; Leadership ; Psychology, Industrial ; Culture—Study and teaching ; School management and organization ; School administration ; Religion and culture
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bingley : Emerald Publishing Limited | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    ISBN: 9781802624830
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (265 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Series Statement: Research in Political Economy Series v.38
    DDC: 303
    Keywords: Business ; Economics ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Imperialism and the Political Economy of Global South's Debtrecognises the systemic nature of the Global South's external debt, revealed only further by the economic uncertainty of the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as the need to analyse it in relation to existing imperialist structures.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press
    ISBN: 9781009182546
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xvii, 399 pages)
    Series Statement: Cambridge studies in stratification economics: economics and social identity
    DDC: 306.0975
    Keywords: Schwarze ; Intergenerationenmobilität ; Economics ; Economics Sociological aspects ; USA Südstaaten
    Abstract: In Langston Hughes' 'Mother to Son,' (1922), written at a time of dramatic disruption in the American economy and continued tyranny in the lives of Black people, urban and rural, the Mother pleads with the child not to give up. She tells the child that she has been 'a climbing on, reaching landings and turning corners.' Not only did the seven families chronicled in this unique study not give up, while both losing and gaining ground, they managed to sponsor a generation of children, several of whom reached the middle and upper-middle classes. Land, Promise, and Peril chronicles the actions, actors, and events that propelled legal racism and quelled it, showing how leadership and political institutions play a crucial role in shaping the pace and quality of exits from poverty. Despite great odds, some domestics, sharecroppers, tenants, and farmers and their children navigated pathways toward the middle class and beyond.
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  • 92
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1751
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: The housing sector is one of the main sources of CO2 emissions in OECD countries, accounting for over a quarter of the total. Robust and rapid action is required to reach the net zero emission target by 2050. Decarbonising housing involves halting the use of fossil fuels in homes, ensuring that electricity is generated from carbon-free sources, using high-energy-efficiency appliances and heating systems, ensuring effective insulation and encouraging behavioural changes. This paper discusses which policy instruments can prompt this transformation of the housing sector, ranging from carbon pricing through energy labelling requirements to green housing finance.
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes key monthly and quarterly indicators in growth rates and levels covering a wide range of areas such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, industrial production, car registrations (transport), construction, consumer and producer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, monetary aggregates and domestic finance, foreign finance, retail and foreign trade, exchange rates and balance of payments.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1762
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The paper reviews selected implications of trade integration via global value chains (GVC) and identifies gaps in understanding of GVC risks. Despite recent significant progress, many GVC risks remain unknown. The paper also discusses pros and cons of possible strategies to minimise GVC risks and specific measures that are debated in the literature. None of the proposed strategies is a silver bullet and best measures are likely to vary across products and sectors. Most actions to improve resilience lie with firms rather than governments. There is less controversy about governments taking a more proactive role in co-ordinating data collection, analysing GVC risks and collaborating with private firms to promote standards of conduct. In contrast, there is less agreement about governments using financial incentives, regulatory requirements and direct government control to reshape GVCs. Government intervention risks creating costly distortions without minimising economic volatility and improving national security, and making international co-operation regarding social and environmental goals more difficult.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Kriegsfolgen ; Ukraine ; Education ; Economics ; Ukraine
    Abstract: School destructions, population displacement or school closures mean that children in Ukraine have experienced varied disruptions in their education experience. Interventions that seek to reduce the variation in student learning levels need to accompany efforts to resume learning and deliver high-quality education for all. This brief puts the focus on academic interventions Ukraine could introduce to support learning recovery. It first examines strategies for assessing students’ skill levels and identifying potential learning losses in the current context. It then focuses on academic strategies the Ministry of Education can implement in the short and medium-term to help students recover lost learning opportunities, including adapting instructional strategies and pedagogies to individual needs, adapting the time of instruction, providing curricular flexibility and enabling fluid learning pathways within the school system. The brief concludes by putting forward a range of policy responses that can enhance the long-term effectiveness of learning recovery strategies in Ukraine.
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1759
    Keywords: Economics ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: The shrinking number of workers due to smaller young cohorts entering the labour market and large-scale outward migration are undermining Bulgaria’s growth prospects, the sustainability of its social institutions and society more widely. Bulgaria needs to provide more support for families and make staying in the country more attractive by raising productivity, fostering the creation of more good-quality formal jobs and reinforcing the social safety net. Bulgarian women have high activity rates, a high share in management jobs and a low wage gap with men, but all this translates into high opportunity costs for educated women of having children. Policies, including access to affordable quality childcare countrywide, more egalitarian burden sharing with men and greater incentives to get back to work, would help reduce those costs. Women from disadvantaged backgrounds should be offered a career path through upgrading skills and lifelong learning. Inactivity rates among the working age population should be addressed by reforms to the social welfare system that would improve activation and through targeted measures. Vulnerable groups, including ethnic minorities, are disadvantaged in multiple ways and need tailored measures to escape poverty, acquire skills and integrate into the labour market.
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