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  • English  (24)
  • Hebrew
  • 1970-1974  (24)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (24)
  • Philosophy, modern  (24)
  • 1
    Online Resource
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    Knowledge and the Known : Historical Perspectives in Epistemology (1974)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401022170
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (255p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The New Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Philosophy 11
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: 1 / Knowledge and Its Objects in Plato -- 2/ Plato on Knowing How, Knowing That, and Knowing What -- 3 / Time, Truth, and Knowledge in Aristotle and Other Greek Philosophers -- 4/ Practical vs. Theoretical Reason — An Ambiguous Legacy -- 5/ ‘Cogito, Ergo Sum’ : Inference or Performance ? 98 -- 6/ Kant’s ‘New Method of Thought’ and His Theory of Mathematics -- 7/ Are Logical Truths Analytic ? -- 8/ Kant on the Mathematical Method -- 9 / A Priori Truths and Things-In-Themselves -- 10 / ‘Dinge an sich’ Revisited -- 11 /Knowledge by Acquaintance — Individuation by Acquaintance -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: A word of warning concerning the aims of this volume is in order. Other­ wise some readers might be unpleasantly surprised by the fact that two of the chapters of an ostensibly historical book are largely topical rather than historical. They are Chapters 7 and 9, respectively entitled 'Are Logical Truths Analytic?' and 'A Priori Truths and Things-In-Them­ selves'. Moreover, the history dealt with in Chapter 11 is so recent as to have more critical than antiquarian interest. This mixture of materials may seem all the more surprising as I shall myself criticize (in Chapter I) too facile assimilations of earlier thinkers' concepts and problems to later ones. There is no inconsistency here, it seems to me. The aims of the present volume are historical, and for that very purpose, for the purpose of understanding and evaluating earlier thinkers it is vital to know the conceptual landscape in which they were moving. A crude analogy may be helpful here. No military historian can afford to neglect the topo­ graphy of the battles he is studying. If he does not know in some detail what kind of pass Thermopylae is or on what sort of ridge the battle of Bussaco was fought, he has no business of discussing these battles, even if this topographical information alone does not yet amount to historical knowledge.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2217-0
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  • 2
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    Berkeley’s Philosophy of Science (1974)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401019941
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idees 65
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 65
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Berkeley’s Theory of Signification -- Theory of Meaning -- Theory of Signs -- II. The Theory of Vision -- The Critique of Geometrical Optics -- The “Vulgar Error” -- The Concept of Sensible Minima -- III. The Philosophy of Physics -- The Concept of Material Substance -- The Concept of Force -- Absolute Space and Motion -- IV. The Philosophy of Mathematics -- The Philosophy of Arithmetic -- The Philosophy of Geometry -- The Critique of Analysis -- V. Conclusion.
    Abstract: Philonous: You see, Hylas, the water of yonder fountain, how it is forced upwards, in a round column, to a certain height, at which it breaks and falls back into the basin from whence it rose, its ascent as well as descent proceeding from the same uniform law or principle of gravitation. Just so, the same principles which at first view, lead to skepticism, pursued to a certain point, bring men back to common 1 sense. Although major works on Berkeley have considered his Philosophy of 1 George Berkeley, Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous, ed. Colin Murray Turbayne, (third and final edition; London 1734); (New York: The Bobbs Merrill Company, Inc., Library of Liberal Arts, 1965), p. 211. Berkeley, in general, conveniently numbered sections in his works, and in the text of the essay, we will refer if possible to the title and section number. References to the Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous will be also made in the text and refer to the dialogue number and page in the Turbayne edition cited above.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-1994-1
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  • 3
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    Physics at Seventeenth and Eighteenth-Century Leiden: Philosophy and the New Science in the University (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401024631
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 174 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas, Series Minor 11
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D'Histoire Des Idées Minor 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Introduction: A New University and the Challenge of the New Science -- II. Franco Burgersdijck: Late Scholasticism at Leiden -- III. Tumult over Cartesianism -- IV. Joannes de Raey: The Introduction of Cartesian Physics at Leiden -- V. Passing Crises, enduring Disagreement -- VI. The Practice of Philosophy -- VII. ’s Gravesande and Musschenbroek: Newtonianism at Leiden -- VIII. Conclusion: Science, Philosophy and Pedagogy -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: 2 result of the attitudes characteristic of the small group of permanent residents at the schools, the academic scholars. This conservatism, however, was not everywhere equally efficacious. In the sixteenth century, the universities of northern Italy, Padua above all, had nurtured an intellectual ferment of considerable significance to the rise of the new science, and they continued to be penetrated by the influence of that science throughout the seventeenth century. The Uni­ versity of Oxford momentarily played host to' leading members of the English scientific community during the Commonwealth period, and Cambridge was shortly to boast the genius of Isaac Newton. Indeed, a small number of the one-hundred-odd universities in Europe strove more or less purposefully to come to grips with the new science and to in­ at least, within the body of learning for which they corporate facets of it, 2 held themselves responsible. Among the most notable of these more progressive schools must be included the University of Leiden, recently founded by the Lowlanders in revolt against the King of Spain, Philip II. The doors of the University of Leiden had first opened, to be sure, in the midst of rebellion, and had been forced open, as it were, by rumors of peace. In 1572, the revolt, with the Calvinists now clearly in the van, acquired what was to prove an enduring foothold in the maritime prov­ inces of Holland and Zeeland.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2463-1
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  • 4
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    Diderot’s Politics : A Study of the Evolution of Diderot’s Political Thought After the Encyclopédie (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401024471
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 62
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 62
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    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History ; Political science.
    Abstract: One Philosophical and Moral Foundations -- I: Materialism and the Morale Universelle -- II: Society and the Individual -- III: From Individual to Citizen -- Two The Evolution of Diderot’s Political Thought -- I: A Coherent Absolutism -- II: First Doubts -- III: Fading Hopes -- IV: The End of an Illusion -- V: Towards Revolution -- Conclusion.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2447-1
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  • 5
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    Salvation from Despair : A Reappraisal of Spinoza’s Philosophy (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401024952
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idees International Archives of the History of Ideas 59
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 59
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History ; Religion.
    Abstract: I Introduction -- I. Contemporary Despair and its Antidote -- II. Geometrical Method -- II God -- III. The Absurdity of Atheism -- IV. God’s Creativity -- III Man -- V. Body and Mind -- VI. Passion and Action -- IV Human Welfare -- VII. Good and Evil -- VIII. The Mastery of Fate -- IX. The State and Politics -- X. Religion -- XI. Human Immortality -- Epilogue -- XII Spinoza in Retrospect -- Bibliographical Appendix.
    Abstract: My purpose in this book is to re-interpret the philosophy of Spinoza to a new generation. I make no attempt to compete with the historical scholar­ ship of A. H. Wolfson in tracing back Spinoza's ideas to his Ancient, Hebrew and Mediaeval forerunners, or the meticulous philosophical scrutiny of Harold Joachim, which I could wish to emulate but cannot hope to rival. I have simply relied upon the text of Spinoza's own writings in an effort to grasp and to make intelligible to others the precise meaning of his doctrine, and to decide whether, in spite of numerous apparent and serious internal conflicts, it can be understood as a consistent whole. In so doing I have found it necessary to correct what seem to me t0' be mis­ conceptions frequently entertained by commentators. Whether or not I am right in my re-interpretation, it will, I hope, contribute something fresh, if not to the knowledge of Spinoza, at least to the discussion of what he really meant to say. The limits within which I am constrained to write prevent me from drawing fully upon the great mass of scholarly writings on Spinoza, his life and times, his works and his philosophical ideas. I can only try to make amends for omissions by listing the most important works in the Spinoza bibliography, for reference by those who would seek to know more about his philosophy. This list I have added as an appendix.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2495-2
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  • 6
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    Discord in Zion : The Puritan Divines and the Puritan Revolution 1640-1660 (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401024907
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Drake, George [Rezension von: Liu, Tai, Discord in Zion: The Puritan Divines and the Puritan Revolution, 1640-1660] 1976
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idees 61
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 61
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: 1. A Glimpse of Zion’s Glory -- 2. Conflicts in Temple-Work -- 3. No King But Jesus -- 4. Saints in Power -- 5. Cromwell or Christ -- 6. Conclusion -- Appendix I -- Appendix II.
    Abstract: With the decline of the Whig interpretation of history, historians in the past few decades have re-examined the origins and the nature of the English Revolution from various perspectives. The constitutional conflict 1 between the crown and parliament has been analyzed. The Puritan mind 2 has been explored. Social change in England during the century prior 3 to the outbreak of the Civil War has been anatomized. The composition 4 of the Long Parliament has been dissected. Every student of the English Revolution is now well aware that the crisis in seventeenth-century Eng­ land, like all other major events in history, was a complex phenomenon in which men as well as ideas, religious convictions as well as economic interests all came into play. For all students of this period, the works of Samuel R. Gardiner, am­ plified by Sir Charles H. Firth, remain the chief source of knowledge and 1 It should be noted that while former historians from Hallam and Macaulay to G. M. Trevelyan and J R. Tanner all interpreted the English Revolution in terms of the constitution, recent historical scholarship in this respect is more concerned with the evolution and functioning of the constitution rather than the constitutional rights and wrongs of either party in the conflict. See Wallace Notestein, The Winning of the Initiative by the House of Commons (London, 1924); Margaret A.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2490-7
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  • 7
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    A Bibliography of George Berkeley : With Inventory of Berkeley’s Manuscript Remains (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401024693
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180p) , digital
    Edition: 2
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales d’histoire des Idees 66
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 66
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: I. Berkeley’s Writings -- Collected Works and Selections -- Works published by Berkeley, and translations Philosophical, Mathematical, Physical -- Miscellaneous -- Posthumously published remains -- Spuria -- II. Writings on Berkeley -- Miscellanea-Biographical, literary, etc. -- On the tar-water controversy -- On the Analyst controversy.
    Abstract: Since the first appearance of this bibliography (1934, Oxford Uni­ versity Press), which has long been out of print, so much attention has been paid to Berkeley that a mere reprint would be inept. Besides bringing it up to date I have added collations of those editions of Berkeley's writings that were published in his lifetime. In doing so I have used a form of description simple enough for anyone to follow yet sufficient to enable librarians to check their catalogues and to identify copies in which the titlepage is missing or mutilated. As before, I have marked with an asterisk throughout the bibliography every book, edition and article that has not been seen by me or, in a few cases, by a competent friend. My primary interest not being bibliographical in the present-day highly technical sense, but philosophical, I have aimed chiefly at (a) providing advanced students (and their hard-pressed advisers) of Berkeley, or of the subjects on which he wrote, with a guide to the materials for research, and (b) displaying the range in time and place, and the direction, of the attention which he has attracted. These two aims account for the classification of the entries under a few general subject-headings and of the philosophical entries under countries, and for the arranging of the entries in each section or subsection in chrono­ logical order, the alphabetical ordering of the authors' names being given in the Index. To facilitate reference and cross-reference each entry is numbered.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2469-3
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  • 8
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    Cicero Scepticus : A Study of the Influence of the Academica in the Renaissance (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401710374
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 214 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idees 52
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 52
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: I — Introduction -- II — The Academica and Its Influence and Distribution in Antiquity and the Middle Ages -- III — The Academica in the Renaissance: A General Survey -- IV — The Academica at Paris in the Middle of the Sixteenth Century: Talon, Galland, and Others -- V — Giulio Castellani and the Academica -- VI — Joannes Rosa and His Commentary on the Academica -- VII — Summary and Conclusions -- Appendices.
    Abstract: As originally planned this volume was meant to cover a somewhat wider scope than, in fact, it has turned out to do. When, in rg68, I initially conceived of preparing it, it was proposed to deal with several aspects of early modern scepticism, in addition to the fortuna of the Academica, and to publish various loosely related pieces under the title of 'Studies in the History of Early Modern Scepticism. ' Thereby, I foresaw that I would exhaust my knowledge of the subject and would then be able to turn my attention to other matters. In initiating my research on this topic, however, I soon found that there remained a much greater bulk of material to study than could possibly be dealt with between the covers of the single modest volume which I envisioned. My proposed section on Cicero's Academica was to cover between 50 and 75 pages in the original plan. It soon became apparent, however, especially after Joannes Rosa's hitherto unstudied commentary on Cicero's work was uncovered, that this material would have to be treated at a much greater length than I had foreseen. The present volume is the result of this expanded investigation. The monograph which has come from this alteration in plans has, I think, the virtues of continuity and cohesive­ ness and one hopes that these advantages offset the benefits of a broader scope which were sacrificed.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1037-4
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  • 9
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    Law and Apocalypse: The Moral Thought of Luis De León (1527?-1591) (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401027335
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 44
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 44
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    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: I Introduction -- II Christian Hebraism: Its Thomistic Bases and Its Presence in Luis de León -- III Domingo Soto’s Definition of Fus Gentium, Fray Luis de León’s De Legibus, and the Law of the Decalog -- IV Fray Luis’ Social Theory -- V Morality and National Destiny in Fray Luis.
    Abstract: This book has two purposes. The first is clearly historical, the second is more philosophical and interpretive. Its success in the former will be less arguable than its attainment of the latter. The contribution to the history of Spanish letters consists in critically establishing the fact that the sources of Fray Luis de Le6n's moral and spiritual thought are Hebraic and that he can be seen to stand as one in a long line of Christian Hebraists, both scholastic and humanist. His philosophical views are cast in an Hebraic tradition, not in an Hellenic one as supposed by nearly every other commentator. I have stressed the presence of a living Hebrew culture in Spain after 1492, and I have suggested that this and the Jewish parentage of Fray Luis are very significant. I have also identified an intellectual debt Fray Luis owed to non-Jewish Orientalists such as Egidio da Viterbo and Girolamo Seripando. But, even they learned from exiled Spaniards. I want to present Fray Luis as a most characteristic thinker in the world of Baroque Spain. I think most will agree with the picture I have outlined. The more audacious aspect is my wish to show the importance of the Jewish heritage as found in the literary and philosophical production of this remarkable genius. It is, of course, my contention that today know­ ledge about Fray Luis and what he stood for is extraordinarily important.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2733-5
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  • 10
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    The Edges of Augustanism : The Aesthetics of Spirituality in Thomas Ken, John Byrom and William Law (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401028196
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d’Histoire des Idees 53
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: One — Ken -- 1. The Critical Heritage -- 2. The Religious Background -- 3. The Aesthetics of Infinity -- 4. Neoclassicism -- 5. The Metaphysical Tradition -- 6. Poetic Diction -- Two — Byrom and Law -- 7. Light and Enlightenment -- 8. Deism and Modernism -- 9. From Quietism to Evangelicalism -- 10. Theological Renewal -- 11. Nature and Enthusiasm -- 12. Psychology and Aesthetics -- Conclusion -- Appendices.
    Abstract: It has recently been argued that the 18th century can no longer be 1 seen as gripped in the strait-jacket of Augustanism and Neoclassicism. Such labels are seen as doing less than justice to the rich variety of individual talents and intellectual trends which collectively constitute 18th century culture. While welcoming the interment of the long­ standing myth of the peace of the Augustans, there seems little point in placing an interdict on labels which, willy-nilly, have stuck. In economic, social and ecclesiastical terms there is an age between 1689 and 1789 whose homogeneity is reflected in its cultural products. There is a mainstream which the strength and variety of counter­ currents and cross-currents corroborate rather than disintegrate. It is the purpose of this study to reveal some aspects of this mainstream by examining certain cross-currents which overlap its edges. Hence the choice of Thomas Ken (1637-1711), John Byrom (1692-1763) and William Law (1686-1761).
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2819-6
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  • 11
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    Bibliography of the Philosophy in the Iberian Colonies of America (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401027434
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 51
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 51
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    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: Catalogue of Manuscripts and Printed Works on Philosophy from the Colonial Period in Latin America -- Philosophical Works from Colonial Latin America -- Anonymous Works -- Appendix of some Colonial Philosophical Works which have become lost -- Bibliography of the Secondary Literature concerning the Philosophy of the Colonial Period of Latin America.
    Abstract: ORIGIN OF THE PROJECT In Spring of 1968 a research project concerning the scholastic philosophy in the Iberian Colonies of America was submitted to the Institute of Latin American Studies in the University of Texas by Dr. Ignacio Angelelli, of the Department of Philosophy of the same University. I should like to quote some relevant passages from the proposal by way of historical back­ ground. In the last decade, leading philosophical historiography has become more and more interested in the "minor" figures and the "traditional" schools which flourished between 1500 and 1800. Historians of philosophy are interested not only in men like Descartes and Kant, but also in the less brilliant and more "conservative" authors. It is also interesting to note in this regard that the late Professor P. Wilpert (Cologne), editor of the new edition of Ueberweg, intended to divide the section on the Neuzeit into two volumes, one for the major figures and the other for the exponents of the various forms of scholasticism of the period 1500-1800. One of these conservative philosophical movements is what has been called the seconda scolastica, which developed in Catholic countries and particularly in Spain and Portugal. Naturally, this "traditional" thought in Europe after 1500 was bound to have an impact on the Spanish and Portuguese Colonies. Indeed, the amount of scholastic philosophy taught in the American Colonies between 1530 and 1800 is impressive. This fact has not yet been acknowledged by international historiography.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2743-4
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  • 12
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    Tyssot De Patot and His Work 1655 - 1738 (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401027557
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (243p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des IdÉEs / International Archives of the History of Ideas 47
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 47
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: I. The Life -- II. Tyssot’s Personality -- III. What Tyssot Read -- IV. The Formation and Development of Tyssot’s Ideas -- V. The First Publication -- VI. The Publication of Jaques Massé -- VII. The Story of Jaques Massé -- VIII. Jaques Massé as Literature -- IX. The Voyage de Groenland -- X. The Voyage de Groenland as Literature -- XI. The Discourse on Chronology -- XII. The Œuvres poétiques -- Conclusion -- Appendix A. Extracts from the Tyssot family genealogy -- B. Notice de Jean Tijssot de la famille de Patot -- C. Extracts from the Rumpf family genealogy -- D. A guide to the chronology of the Lettres choisies -- E. List, according to title-page, of libraries holding editions dated 1710 of Voyages et avantures de Jaques Massé -- F. List of libraries holding editions of Jaques Massé not dated 1710 -- G. List of libraries holding works other than Jaques Massé -- Archives.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2755-7
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  • 13
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    Henry Home, Lord Kames and the Scottish Enlightenment : A Study in National Character and in the History of Ideas (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401717656
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVI, 358 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées 41
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 41
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: I Chiefly Biographical and Historical -- I. Family Background and Early Years -- II. The Years of his Advocateship -- III. Lord Kames as Lord of Session and Lord of Justiciary -- IV. The High-Court Judge and the World of Letters: Historical and Biographical -- V. At Home and among Friends: Domestic Relations and Sociability -- VI. “I Fly to my Farm”: A Gentleman Farmer in Overalls -- VII. “For the Good of my Country”: A Study in Public Spirit and Public Service -- VIII. Political Activities and Concern with Public Affairs -- IX. Personal Credo and Life Values -- X. Summary Characterization of Kames the Man -- II Chiefly Theoretical: Lines of Kames’s Thinking and His Contributions to the World of Ideas -- XI. Common-Sense Philosopher and Observer of the Ways of Men -- XII. Through the Eyes of Clio: The Historical Approach -- XIII. Kames’s Philosophy of Law; or, his General View of Jurisprudence -- XIV. Literary Criticism and the Question of Style in Writing -- XV. Education and the Status of Women, and some Anthropological Miscellanies -- XVI. Political and Economic Theory -- XVII. The High-Court Judge and Common-Sense Philosopher Looks at Religion -- XVIII. Summary and Evaluation Dynamic Relations between the Man and the Movement of Life and Thought and Culture -- Appendices -- 1. Selections from Kames’s Letters -- 2. Selections from Prefaces, Dedications, etc. -- 3. Proposal for the Reform of Entails -- 4. A Universal Prayer -- 5. Epitaph by a Friend -- 6. Home—Drummond Family Postscript -- Bibliography of Kames’s Publications -- Princepal Sources on Karnes’ Life and Background -- General Bibliography.
    Abstract: The purpose of the present study is to present the life and work and thought of a remarkable pioneering figure on the Scottish scene over the middle half, broadly, of the eighteenth century, in their dynamic relations with that most extraordinary intellectual awakening and scientific, edu­ cational, literary and religious development of his time generally known as the "Scottish Enlightenment. " That movement in thought and culture was indeed in more ways than one a unique phenomenon in the history of western culture, comparable, in its own manner and measure, as we shall attempt to point out later, with such history-making movements or epochs as the Age of Pericles in Greece, the Augustan Age in Rome, the Renaissance movement in Italy and Western Europe generally, the up-surge both in science and in letters in England in the seventeenth century, and the contemporary movement in France associated with the Encyclopedists. This Scottish Enlightenment, often also spoken of as the "Awakening of Scotland," was of course more than a movement merely on the intel­ lectual and cultural level. It had also political bearings and was rather directly conditioned by events and changes in the political arena, begin­ ning with the Union with England in 1707; and even more directly was it accompanied and conditioned by social and economic changes which were in a short span of time to transform the face of this far-northern country almost beyond recognition.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1765-6
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  • 14
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    The Downfall of Cartesianism 1673-1712 : A Study of Epistemological Issues in Late 17th Century Cartesianism (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401029629
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (166p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 11
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- A Characterization of a Scholastic Explanation of Perception and Knowing -- The Development of the Distinction between Primary and Secondary Qualities before Descartes -- II. Simon Fougher -- Life and Works -- His Academic Scepticism and his Positive Position -- III. Late 17th Century Cartesian Metaphysics and Criticisms of it -- A Model Late 17th Century Cartesian Metaphysical System -- Foucher’s Major Criticisms of Cartesian Metaphysics -- IV. The Controversy Concerning Ideas Between Malebranche and Foucher -- Foucher’s Reading of the First Volume of the First Edition of Malebranche’s Recherche -- Foucher’s Criticisms of the Malebranchian Way of Ideas -- Malebranche’s Response to Foucher and the Failure of the Malebranchian Way of Ideas -- V. The Orthodox (Non-Occasionalist) Cartesian Way of Ideas -- Robert Desgabets: The Orthodox Cartesian Suggestion of Non-resembling Representative Ideas -- Foucher’s Reply to Desgabets -- Louis de La Forge: The Orthodox Cartesian Dependence upon God -- Jacque Rohault: The Denial of the Causal Likeness Principle -- Pierre-Sylvain Régis: The Dependence upon Inexplicable Causal Relations -- Antoine Le Grand: Ideas as Nature’s Signs -- Antoine Arnauld: Representative Perceptions -- VI. An Analysis of the Cartesian Failures to Solve Problems Facing Cartesianism -- Ideas as Natural Signs -- The Mechanical Notion of Causation -- External Ideas -- Direct Acquaintance -- The Cartesian Dependence upon the Likeness Principles and the Ontology of Substance and Modification -- VII. Post-Cartesian Developments of the Way of Ideas -- Monistic Solutions to Cartesian Problems -- John Locke -- George Berkeley -- David Hume -- VIII. Leibniz and Foucher -- The Correspondence between Leibniz and Foucher Concerning First Principles, Certain Knowledge, and the External World -- Leibniz’s New System and Foucher’s Criticisms of It -- Leibniz’s Notion of Matter -- Leibniz’s Solutions to Cartesian Problems -- IX. Conclusion -- Appendix I A Table of the Principles of a Lateth Century Cartesian Metaphysical System -- Appendix II. A Schematic Outline of Foucher’s Criticisms of Car- tesianism -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Phenomenalism, idealism, spiritualism, and other contemporary philo­ sophical movements originating in the reflective experience of the cogito witness to the immense influence of Descartes. However, Carte­ sianism as a complete metaphysical system in the image of that of the master collapsed early in the 18th century. A small school of brilliant Cartesians, almost all expert in the new mechanistic science, flashed like meteors upon the intellectual world of late 17th century France to win well-deserved recognition for Cartesianism. They were accompanied by a scintillating comet, Ma1ebranche, the deviant Cartesian, now remembered as the orthodox Cartesians are not. However, all these bright lights faded upon the philosophical horizon, almost as soon as they appeared. The metaphysical dualism of Des­ cartes was, as such, neither to be preserved nor reconstructed. There are many reasons why the Cartesian system did not survive the victory over Scholasticism which Descartes, Malebranche, and the others had won. Newtonian physics very soon replaced Cartesian physics. The practical interest and success of the new science which the Cartesians themselves had nurtured drew men down from the lofty realms of metaphysics. On the popular front, Cartesianism was attacked and ridiculed for the view that animals are unthinking machines. In the schools of Paris and elsewhere, there was the general but severe opposition of pedants, which is perhaps of more historical than philosophical interest.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2962-9
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  • 15
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    Motivation and the Moral Sense in Francis Hutcheson’s Ethical Theory (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401029711
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idees International Archives of the History of Ideas 46
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 46
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: Hutcheson’s Life and Works -- Method of Treatment -- I.Hutcheson’s Theory of Motivation -- The Origins and Distinctive Characteristics of Hutcheson’s -- Theory of Motivation -- Hutcheson’s Refutation of Egoism -- Hutcheson’s Treatment of Desire and Pleasure -- The Calm Desires -- The Place of Reason in Conduct -- Concluding Comments on Hutcheson’s Theory of Motivation -- II. Hutcheson’s Moral Sense Theory -- Shaftesbury’s Influence -- The Epistemological Background of Hutcheson’s Moral Sense Theory -- The Nature and Function of the Moral Sense -- The Nature of Moral Judgments -- III. The Moral Sense and Motivation -- Introductory Statement of Problem -- Hutcheson’s Criticisms of the Rationalists -- The Moral Sense and Motivation -- Obligation and motivation -- Concluding Remarks -- IV. Motivation and the Moral Sense in Hutgheson’s Later Works -- V. Concluding Remarks -- The Moral Sense and Moral Feelings -- The Justification of Moral Judgments -- The Nature of Moral Judgments -- Motivation and the Moral Sense -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: Although the works of Francis Hutcheson are unfamiliar to most students of philosophy, it cannot be said that he has been entirely ignored. To be sure, most of the recent writers who deal with Hutcheson's philosophy do so in the course of writing about Hutcheson's famous contemporary, David Hume. This is true, for example, of Norman Kemp Smith, whose book entitled The Philosophy of David Hume 1 includes much detailed information concerning Hume's indebtedness to Hutcheson. But others have written about Hutcheson on his own account. William R. Scott's Francis Hutcheson,2 although mainly biographical and historical, is well worth reading. In his article "Some Reflections on Moral-Sense Theories in Ethics," 3 C. D. Broad presents a sustained analysis of the sort of theory held by Hutcheson. D. Daiches Raphael's The Moral Sense 4 is competent, interesting, and especially valuable in its treatment of epistemological issues surrounding the moral sense theory. William K. Frankena's article entitled "Hutcheson's Moral Sense Theory" Ji is search­ ing and profound. And, most recent of all, a book by William T. Black­ stone has appeared entitled Francis Hutcheson and Contemporary Ethi­ cal Theory. 6 One of the difficulties encountered in presenting a study of Hutcheson is that all of his books are extremely rare. Fortunately, L. A. Selby-Bigge'l) 1 Nonnan Kemp Smith, The Philosophy of David Hume (London: Macmillan and Co. , Limited, 1949). Ii William Robert Scott, Francis Hutcheson (Cambridge, Eng. : Cambridge Uni­ venity Press, 1900).
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2971-1
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  • 16
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    Revolution, Idealism and Human Freedom : Schelling Hölderlin and Hegel and the Crisis of Early German Idealism (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401030335
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 45
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 45
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: I: Setting -- II: Schelling (1792–1796) -- III: Hölderlin (1789–1798) -- IV: Hegel (1792–1800) -- V: Hölderlin and Hegel (1799–1800).
    Abstract: In this study I will present the intellectual development of Schelling, Holderlin and Hegel during their formative years. Because of their similar social origins, the early thought of these young Swabians, during the 1790's, should be treated as a unit. Their experience as roommates at the Stift in Tiibingen and their close intellectual fellowship throughout the nineties made each extremely responsive to the others ideas. As mem­ bers of the political elite in Wiirttemberg, their intellectual assumptions were profoundly affected by the crisis of Wiirttemberg and German political society and by the events of the French Revolution in a way ex­ plicable only in the light of their Swabian heritage. So, for example, seen in the context of HOlderlin's and Schelling's thinking, the genesis of Hegel's earliest mature philosophical assumptions appears to be not so much an event in the history of philosophy as a specific solution to the problems raised by the crisis of his society. The crucial role of Holderlin in the history of German Idealism should also become apparent as a result of this study. For reasons developed in the following, Holderlin's thinking bridged the gap not only between Kantianism and the new philosophy, which was to come to fruition in Hegel's mature thought, but also between the republican and the natio­ nalist phase in the history of German political thought.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3033-5
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  • 17
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    The Waning of the Renaissance 1640-1740 : Studies in the Thought and Poetry of Henry More, John Norris and Isaac Watts (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401030083
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives internationales d’histoire des ideés 39
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 39
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: One The Source: Henry More -- 1. Introduction: The Fourth Ground of Certainty -- 2. Philosophy: Descartes and Plato -- 3. Religion: Latitude and Pietism -- 4. Aesthetics: From Metaphysical to Romantic -- 5. More’s Work as Literature -- Two The Verge: John Norris -- 6. Introduction: A Transitional Figure -- 7. Norris and the Enlightenment -- 8. Philosophy: “Platonic Gibberish” -- 9. Religion: The Grounds of Assent -- 10. Poetry: The Last of the Metaphysicals -- Three The Result: Isaac Watts -- 11. Introduction: Classicism and the Enlightenment -- 12. The English Enlightenment -- 13. “Free Philosophy” -- 14. Sunk Religion -- 15. Aesthetics -- 16. The Sublime -- 17. The Metaphysical Tradition -- 18. Classicism: The Art of Sinking -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: It is not always easy to maintain a proper balance between the delineation of cultural development within a given literary field and the claims of practical criticism. And yet if the history of ideas is to be more than a pastime for the student of literature, it must be rooted in the precise art of discrimination. The following chapters attempt to describe and evaluate a particular cultural development by relating the background of ideas to the literary achievement of three writers. It will be sufficient here to out­ line the nature of the problem, and the method and approach employed. The concept of cultural development implies a recognition of the con­ nections between ideology and aesthetics. There are at least two ways of exploring such connections. The one, pioneered by Basil Willey, seeks to situate the critical moments of our cultural development in the back­ ground of ideas, without which the contribution of a particular author cannot be justly evaluated. The danger of such an approach is that the task of discrimination comes to depend over-heavily on extra-literary criteria.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3008-3
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  • 18
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    Proceedings of the Third International Kant Congress : Held at the University of Rochester, March 30-April 4, 1970 (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401030991
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (740p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 4
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: I Papers Presented at Plenary Sessions -- Die Kantliteratur 1965–1969 -- Anhang / Kant-Bibliographie 1965–1969 -- The ‘Analogies’ and After -- Good Conscience, False Consciousness, Judging Reason -- From Kant to Peirce: The Semiotical Transformation of Transcendental Logic -- The Naturalistic Fallacy in Kant -- Kant und das Problem einer wissenschaftlichen Philosophie -- Kant and Anglo-Saxon Criticism -- The Conception of Lawlikeness in Kant’s Philosophy of Science -- Absolute Space and Absolute Motion in Kant’s Critical Philosophy -- On Buchdahl’s and Palter’s Papers -- II Papers Presented at Concurrent Sessions -- Transcendental Affinity — Kant’s Answer to Hume -- Concepts, Objects and the Analytic in Kant -- The Aim of Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason -- Action and Reason; Aristotle vs. Kant -- The Copernican Revolution in Hume and Kant -- La ‘Position’ structurale d’existence -- Non-Pure Synthetic A Priori Judgments in the Critique of Pure Reason -- Kants ‘Ich-denke’ und Nietzsches ‘Wille zur Macht’ -- Kant’s Regulative Ideas and the ‘Objectivity’ of Reason -- Nietzsche’s Use and Abuse of Kant’s Philosophy -- Kant on Duties to, and Duties Regarding, Oneself or Others -- From Plato to Kant: The Problem of Truth -- B 132 Revisited -- Über das Moment der Allgemeingültigkeit des ästhetischen Urteils in Kants Kritik der Uteilskraft -- The Kingdom of Ends -- The Problem of Truth in the Critique of Pure Reason -- Kant’s Theorie des Praktischen -- Maimon’s Criticism of Reinhold’s ‘Satz des Bewusstseins’ -- Kant’s Attitude toward Human Perfection as a Moral Determinant -- Nietzsches Kantkritik und ihre Voraussetzungen -- Extensional and Intensional Interpretation of Synthetic Propositions A Priori -- Kant and Racism -- Kant’s Theory of the Structure of Empirical Scientific Inquiry and Two Implied Postulates Regarding Things in Themselves -- Sprachphilosophische Erwägungen zur Funktion von Signum und Symbolum in Kants kritischer Philosophie -- The Problem of an Ultimate Determining Ground in Kant’s Theory of the Will -- The Meaning of ‘Space’ in Kant -- Kant’s ‘Deduction’ in the Grundlegung -- On Kant, Frege, Analyticity, and the Theory of Reference -- The Unknowability of Things in Themselves -- Die Probleme der Deduktion des kategorischen Imperativs. (Ein Vorbericht) -- Kant’s Theory of Criminal Punishment -- Imagination as the Productive Faculty for ‘Creating Another Nature…’ -- Bemerkungen zu Kants Theorie der Erfahrung -- Noumenal Causality -- Kant and Goethe -- The Restrictive and Proliferative Function of Kant’s Regulative Ideas -- Are Transcendental Deductions Impossible? -- On the Development of Kant’s Transcendental Theology -- The Ptolemaic Counter-Revolution -- Kant’s Thesis about Being Anticipated by Suarez? -- Phenomena and Noumena: On the Use and Meaning of the Categories -- Kant’s Conception of the Autonomous Dual Self -- Wie sind Synthetische Urteile a priori Möglich? -- Kantkritik und Kantrenaissance im Neupositivismus -- Die Struktur der transzendentalen Apperzeption -- Early Reactions to the Publication of Leibniz’ Nouveaux Essais (1765) -- On the Subjectivity of Objective Space -- Kant as Philosophical Anthropologist -- Elements of Practice in Kant’s Reconstruction of Theory -- The Status of Kant’s Theory of Matter -- On Kant and the Refutation of Subjectivism -- Kant and Hobbes Concerning the Foundations of Political Philosophy -- Kant on False Promises -- III Contributions from the Kant-Archiv, Bonn -- The ‘Allgemeiner Kantindex’. (Abstract) -- The Kant Index. An Experiment in Modern Lexicographical Methods. Its Development and Present State -- Applications of Information Theory to the Analysis and Interpretation of Kantian Texts -- The Automatic Construction of a Theme Index -- Considerations on the Production of an Intrinsic Lexicon -- Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason and Trivial Literature. A Comparison of ‘Open Texts’ -- On the Examination of Forms of Statement and Argument in Kant’s Language -- On Genitive Sequences in Kant and Their Automatic Recognition -- Results of the Work on Kant’s Index of Persons -- Kant’s Correspondence with Women. A Contribution to a Statistical Evaluation of Kant’s Correspondence. (Abstract) -- On the Development of the Term ‘Intuition’ in the Pre-Critical Writings of Kant, and Its Significance for Kant’s Aesthetics, with Particular Reference to the ‘Wortindex zu Kants Gesammelten Schriften’ -- Comment on Heidegger’s Interpretation of Kant. (Abstract) -- IV Abstracts of Papers Read at Concurrent Sessions -- Index of Names and Subjects.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3099-1
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  • 19
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    Juan Luis Vives (1970)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401032209
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (348p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 34
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 34
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: One The Life of Juan Luis Vives -- 1. The Vicissitudes of Vives’ Fame -- 2. The Legacy of Valencia (1492–1509) -- 3. The Student of Montaigu (1509–1512) -- 4. From Bruges to Louvain (1512–1523) -- 5. Vives in England (1523–1528) -- 6. Isolation, Maturity, and Death (1528–1540) -- Two Vives’ Thought -- 7. In the Steps of Erasmus and Beyond -- 8. The Eclectic Criticism of Vives -- 9. Vives on Education -- 10. Individual and Social Ethics -- 11. Range and Purpose of Human Knowledge -- 12. The Process of Knowledge -- 13. The Significance of Vives’ Thought -- Appendix I. Editions of Vives’ Main Works from 1520 to 1650 -- Appendix II. Chronological List of Vives’ Books -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Humanism has constantly proclaimed the belief that the only way to improve man's life on earth is to make man himself wiser and better. Unfortunately, the voice of the humanists has always been challenged by the loud and cheap promises of scientists, by the inflammatory tirades of politicians, and by the apocalyptic visions of false prophets. Material greed, nonsensical chauvinism, racial prejudice, and religious antagonism have progressively defiled the inner beauty of man. Today's bankruptcy of man's dignity in the midst of an unparalleled material abundance calls for an urgent revival of humanistic ideals and values. This book was planned from its very start as a modest step in that direction. It is not my intention, however, to attempt, once again, a global interpretation of Humanism in general, or of Renaissance Humanism in particular. I have been dissuaded from such a purpose by the failure of contemporary scholars to agree on such basic issues as whether the Renaissance was a total break with or a continuation of medieval culture, whether it was basically a Christian or a pagan movement, whether it was the effect or the cause of the classical revival. Instead, then, of discussing the significance of sixteenth century humanism, this book concentrates upon the life and the thought of a single humanist.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3220-9
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  • 20
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    Montesquieu and the Philosophy of Natural Law (1970)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401032384
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 37
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 37
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: 1: Introduction to Natural Law and to the Work of Montesquieu -- I: The History of Natural Law -- II: Montesquieu’s Life and Works -- III: The Problem of Montesquieu and Natural Law -- 2: The Originality of Montesquieu’s Method -- I: The Problem of Montesquieu’s Method -- II: The Prior Existence of Natural Law -- III: Civil Law and Natural Law in the Esprit des lois -- 3: Montesquieu and Empiricism in Natural Law -- I: Physical and Moral Concepts in Natural Law -- II: The Example of the Animals -- 4: The State of Nature and the Origin of Society -- I: Montesquieu and the State of Nature -- II: The Origin of Society -- III: The Historicity of the State of Nature -- IV: The Original Contract and its Implications -- 5: Montesquieu and Empiricism in Positive Law: The Diversity of Governments and Laws -- I: The Diversity of Governments -- II: The Diversity of Civil Law -- 6: Rationalism in Positive Law: Montesquieu the Reformer -- I: The Criminal Law -- II: Slavery -- III: Property -- IV: International Relations -- 7: Montesquieu’s Conception of Law -- I: Montesquieu’s Conception of God -- II: Montesquieu and the Laws of Science -- III: Montesquieu and the Moral Law -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: In the last hundred years, the philosophy of natural law has suffered a fate that could hardly have been envisaged by the seventeenth and eighteenth century exponents of its universality and eternity: it has become old-fashioned. The positivists and the Marxists were happy to throw eternal moral­ ity out of the window, confident that some magic temporal harmony would eventually follow Progress in by the front door. Their hopes may not have been fully realized, but they did succeed in discrediting natural law. What is often not appreciated is the extent to which we have adopted the tenets of the philosophy they despised, borh in the field of politics, and in the field of personal and social ethics, which Barbeyrac called "la science des mreurs" and which the positivists re­ christened "social science". Consequently, though we live in a world whose freedom, such as it is, is largely a result of the popularization of the philosophy of natural law, and whose conscious and unconscious standards, such as they are, are a result of that philosophy as it became combined with Christianity, the doctrine of natural law is itself for­ gotten. In view of the oblivion into which it has fallen, natural law is a concept which means little to the average reader. All too often, Montesquieu scholars have traded on this oblivion in order to give an exaggerated picture of his originality.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3238-4
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  • 21
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    The Problem of Certainty in English Thought 1630-1690 (1970)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401031820
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184p) , digital
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’ Histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 3
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: I. Francis Bacon and Scientific Knowledge -- II. The Problem of Certainty in its Theological Context -- I. William Chillingworth -- II. John Tillotson -- III. The Theory of Certainty Secularized -- I. John Wilkins -- II. Joseph Glanvill -- IV. The Theory of Certainty in its Scientific Context -- I. Robert Boyle -- II. Isaac Newton -- V. John Locke and the Philosophical Exposition of the Theory of Certainty -- Conclusion -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: The revival of ancient Greek scepticism in the 16th and 17th centuries was of the greatest importance in changing the intellectual climate in which modern science developed, and in developing the attitude that we now call "The scientific outlook". Many streams of thought came together contributing to various facets of this crucial development. One of the most fascinating of these is that of "constructive scepticism", the history of one of whose forms is traced in this study by Prof. Van Leeuwen. The sceptical crisis that arose during the Renaissance and Refor­ mation challenged the fundamental principles of the many areas of man's intellectual world, in philosophy, theology, humane and moral studies, and the sciences. The devastating weapons of classical scep­ ticism were employed to undermine man's confidence in his ability to discover truth in any area whatsoever by use of the human faculties of the senses and reason. These sceptics indicated that there was no area in which human beings could gain any certain knowledge, and that the effort to do so was fruitless, vain, presumptuous, and perhaps even blasphemous. StaI'ting with the writings of Hen ric us Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim (1486-1535) and Michel de Montaigne (1533-92), a thoroughly destructive sceptical movement developed, attacking both the old and the new science, philosophy and theology, and insisting that true and certain knowledge can only be gained by Revelation.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3182-0
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  • 22
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    Anthony Collins The Man and His Works (1970)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401032179
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Jackman, Sydney W. [Rezension von: O'Higgins, James, Anthony Collins. The Man and His Works] 1973
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idées 35
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 35
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: I. Early Friends and Influences -- II. The Library at Great Baddow -- III. The Precursors of Collins -- IV. The Essay on the Use of Reason -- Appendix I. Collins’First Book -- Appendix II. English Deists In The Seventeenth Century -- Appendix III. Collins and Bayle -- V. The Question of Thinking Matter -- VI. The Discourse of Freethinking -- VII. The Philosophical Inquiry on Free-Will -- VIII. County Justice and Treasurer -- IX. The Twentieth Article -- Appendix. Lamb’s Arguments on the Corpus Christi Manuscript of 1563 -- X. The Attack on the Prophecies -- Appendix. Jewish Polemical Works -- XI. The Reaction to Collins Abroad -- Appendix. “Nouvelles Libertés de Penser” -- XII. Last Years -- Appendix. Desmaizeaux and Collins.
    Abstract: This book is the study of a man who caught my interest both because of his own character and of the variety of his activities. It is an attempt to see him in his relationship, intellectual and literary, with the Europe of his day, to gauge his position in the development of Seventeenth and Eighteenth century thought, to examine the origins of his ideas and their effect and to place him in the social context of the England of the early Eighteenth century. The period in which he lived, coming at the beginning of the Enlightenment, was seminal for our own world and the man himself is of contemporary significance because of the similarity of his outlook, ifnot of his beliefs, to that of many today. He was at the centre of the major theological controversy of the Seventeen­ twenties and was one of the most contentious figures of his time. I would like to acknowledge my obligation to the scholars and librarians who have assisted me in producing this work: to Dr. E. A. O. Whiteman of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, and to Mrs. M. Kneale, late of the same College; to Bodley's librarian Dr. R. Shackleton; to Dr. D. Rogers, Mr. D. G. Neill and to the staff of the Bodleian, especially those who work in Duke Humphrey; to the librarians of Christ Church, All Souls, St. John's, Wadham, Exeter and Corpus Christi Colleges, Oxford; to Mr. F. G. Emmison, Miss H. E. T.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3217-9
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 23
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    Online Resource
    Copp’d Hills Towards Heaven Shakespeare and the Classical Polity (1970)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401031899
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archieves Internationales D’Histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 32
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 32
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: I. The Better School -- II. The Decay of the Polity: Timon -- III. The Foundation of the Polity -- IV. “Statist though I am none” -- V. The Blind Mole -- VI. The Philosopher King -- VII. Of Wonder -- VIII. The Ascent of the Soul -- Proper Name Index.
    Abstract: The departmentalism of American universities has doubtless much to recommend it. It indicates that exuberance is not a sufficient sub­ stitute for scholarship, that, for better or for worse, every scholar today must be something of a specialist. But when any great writer and great thinker reaches out and grasps the whole of human life, the study of his work transcends specialization. And while exuberance may not replace scholarship, it may accompany it. Most of my work has been done in the history of political philosophy. I have dared to overstep departmental boundaries, because I believe that Shakespeare has something to say to political philosophy. I am not the first to express this view. Whether I express it well or badly, I shall not be the last. I want to thank Leo Strauss, my teacher. He has read the manus­ cript and given me the benefit of his insight and judgment. I want to thank Richard Kennington, who has taken so much time from his own work to comment meticulously and constructively on this work as on other things I have written. His help has been generous, and my appreciation is deep. I must, in particular, thank my colleague, Adolph Lowe. He has perused this study, much of it in several versions. Through long walks in Manchester, Vermont, we have discussed my work and his comments. Usually his comments have been compelling. I can regret only that I am completely unqualified to reciprocate.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3189-9
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 24
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    Online Resource
    Gerard Van Swieten and His World 1700-1772 (1970)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401032230
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (179p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in McGill, William J. [Rezension von: Brechka, Frank T., Gerard van Swieten and His World, 1700-1772] 1972
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 36
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 36
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: Introduction: Qualities, Queries, and Repute -- I. The Early Years -- The Family Van Swieten -- The Varieties of Faith -- Louvain -- II. Leiden -- The University -- Doctor Van Swieten -- The Town -- A Death in Brussels -- III. Maria Theresa -- IV. Vienna -- The First Responsibility -- Books and Censorship -- Reform: the Teaching and Practice of Medicine -- The Great Van Swieten -- Conclusion: A Ouestion of Enlightenment.
    Abstract: QU ALITIES, QUERIES, AND REPUTE Holland has bred its share of remarkable men and Gerard van Swieten was one of them. Raised in Leiden by fairly prosperous Catholic parents, educated at Louvain and Leiden, acknowledged as one of the most gifted pupils of the famed scientist Herman Boerhaave, and an eminent doctor in his native city for many years, he became chief physician at the Court of Vienna, director of the Imperial Library, head of both the Vienna Medical Faculty and the Censorship Commission, and trusted councillor of the Empress Maria Theresa. There is a short street in Leiden that presently honors his name and his figure is one of those surrounding the Empress on her imposing memorial in Vienna. What sort of man was this who travelled so far? What achievements, what qualities deserve such remembrances? Why a study of his life? Gerard van Swieten worked no miracles. He accomplished no "diplo­ matic revolution," commanded no victorious army, helped to change no political boundary, wrote no literary masterpiece, proposed no radically new or notable scientific theory. More of an organizer than an innovator, more of an administrator than an orginator, he was content to compile, to put together, to comment upon, to explain the discoveries of others and to manipulate the given situations presented to him. He seldom initiated. He followed through.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3223-0
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