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  • English  (271)
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  • 2015-2019  (271)
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9782889454488
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Fragmented, dissociated consciousness can characterize the mind in both wake and sleep states. Dissociative symptoms, during sleep, include vivid dreaming, nightmares, and alterations in objective sleep parameters (e.g., lengthening of REM sleep). During waking hours, dissociative symptoms exhibit disparate characteristics encompassing memory problems, excessive daydreaming, absentmindedness, and impairments and discontinuities in perceptions of the self, identity, and the environment. Llewellyn has theorized that a progressive and enduring de-differentiation of wake and dream states of consciousness eventually results in schizophrenia; a lesser degree of de-differentiation may have implications for dissociative symptoms. Against a background of de-differentiation between the dream and wake states, the papers in this volume link consciousness, memory, and mental illness with a special interest for dissociative symptoms
    Note: English
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  • 2
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    ISBN: 9782889455515
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (115 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders affecting the central nervous system. Despite significant differences in their causes, neuropathological abnormalities, and clinical outcomes, some similarities can be found among them, as for example: 1) frequent aggregation and deposition of misfolded proteins, 2) common molecular mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration, and 3) certain overlap in symptoms and clinical features. To date, there is no cure that could stop or delay the progression of these diseases. The advent of advanced gene therapy techniques such as gene silencing and gene editing opened a new avenue for the development of therapeutic strategies for NDs. The discovery of the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism, in 1998, by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello allowed an important boost to the gene therapy field, providing a potential therapeutic strategy to treat inherited dominant genetic disorders. The use of small RNA sequences to control the expression of disease-causing genes rapidly implemented in the preclinical studies for different diseases. In the field of NDs, several successful studies using this technology proved its potential as a therapeutic option. However, issues like the type of delivery system (non-viral versus viral) or the potential toxicity of the small RNA molecules, made the translation of gene silencing therapeutics to human application very slow and difficult. Recently, a new hope in the gene therapy field emerged with the development of gene editing techniques like TALENs or CRISPR/Cas9 systems. The opportunity of editing or deleting gene sequences drove the scientific community euphoric, with an enormous increase in the number of published studies using this type of techniques. Recently, the first clinical trial using one of these systems was approved in China. For NDs, gene-editing technology also represents an important therapeutic option, and the first preclinical studies are now being published, showing the potential accomplishment for this technology
    Note: English
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9782889456475
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The EV Everywhere Grand Challenge requires a breakthrough in energy storage technology. State-of-the-art Li-ion technology is currently used in low volume production plug-in hybrid and niche high performance vehicles; however, the widespread adoption of electrified powertrains requires a four-fold increase in performance, 25% lower cost, and safer batteries without the possibility of combustion. One approach for this target is to develop solid-state batteries (SSBs) offering improved performance, reduced peripheral mass, and unprecedented safety. SSB could offer higher energy density, by enabling new cell designs, such as bipolar stacking, leading to reduced peripheral mass and volume. To enable SSBs, a crucial requirement is a fast-ion conducting solid electrolyte. To date, myriad solid-state electrolytes have been reported exhibiting Li ion conductivities approaching those of today’s liquid electrolyte membranes. Moreover, several new materials are reported to have wide electrochemical window and single-ion mobility. Leveraging decades of research focused on Li-based electrodes for Li-ion batteries, the discovery of new solid-state electrolytes could enable access to these electrodes; specifically, Li metal and high voltage electrodes (〉5V). However, transitioning SSBs from the laboratory to EVs requires answers to fundamental questions such as: (1) how does Li-ion transport through the solid electrolyte / solid electrode interface work? (2) will solid electrolytes enable bulk-scale Li metal anode and high voltage cathodes?, and (3) how will ceramic-based cells be manufactured in large-format battery packs? The purpose of this Research Topic is to provide new insights obtained through the fundamental understanding of materials chemistry, electrochemistry, advanced analysis and computational simulations. We hope these aspects will summarize current challenges and provide opportunities for future research to develop the next generation SSBs
    Note: English
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  • 4
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    ISBN: 9782889455614
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: This special edition of Frontiers in Oncology reviews the current efficacy and limitations of surgical and radiotherapeutic management of lung cancer and provides insight into how local management options may change in the future
    Note: English
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9782889454556
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (414 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The ability of pathogens, such as parasites, bacteria, fungi and viruses to invade, persist and adapt in both invertebrate and vertebrate hosts is multifactorial and depends on both pathogen and host fitness. Communication between a pathogen and its host relies on a wide and dynamic array of molecular interactions. Through this constant communication most pathogens evolved to be relatively benign, whereas killing of its host by a pathogen represents a failure to adapt. Pathogens are lethal to their host when their interaction has not been long enough for adaptation. Evolution has selected conserved immune receptors that recognize signature patterns of pathogens as non-self elements and initiate host innate responses aimed at eradicating infection. Conversely, pathogens evolved mechanisms to evade immune recognition and subvert cytokine secretion in order to survive, replicate and cause disease. The cell signaling machinery is a critical component of the immune system that relays information from the receptors to the nucleus where transcription of key immune genes is activated. Host cells have developed signal transduction systems to maintain homeostasis with pathogens. Most cellular processes and cell signaling pathways are tightly regulated by protein phosphorylation in which protein kinases are key protagonists. Pathogens have developed multiple mechanisms to subvert important signal transduction pathways such as the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) pathways. Pathogens also secrete effectors that manipulate actin cytoskeleton and its regulators, hijack cell cycle machinery and alter vesicular trafficking. This research topic focuses on the cellular signaling mechanisms that are essential for host immunity and their subversion by pathogens
    Note: English
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  • 6
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    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    ISBN: 9782889453986
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: It is impossible to perceive the innumerable stimuli impinging on our senses, all at once. Out of the myriad stimuli, external and internal, a few are selected for further processing; and even among these, we try to put each in some sort of relation with the others, to be able to make some sense about them all. Time, of course, is an elementary dimension we use to organize our experiences. Thus, the perception of sequences is basic to human cognition. Nevertheless, research addressing sequences is rather sparse. Partly, this is due to difficulty in designing experiments in this area due to huge individual differences. Then, there is the assumption that temporal order has more to do with memory than perception. Another problem is that sequences seem endemic to the auditory world. So much so that some researchers have suggested that sound provides the ‘auditory scaffolding’ for sequencing behavior. Little wonder that research studies addressing sequences in modalities other than audition are extremely rare.This research topic aimed to gather a holistic picture of sequencing behaviour among humans by collecting snapshots of the current research on the topic of sequencing. We particularly sought contributions which addressed sequences beyond the auditory modality. The single unifying criteria for these diverse contributions was that they shed new light on previously unexplored empirical relationships and/or provoked new lines of research with incisive ideas regarding sequencing behavior. Seasoned researchers contributed their views on perception, memory, and production of sequences
    Note: English
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  • 7
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    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    ISBN: 9782889454112
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (77 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: In the ancient past, cocoa has been appreciated as a high-calorie food to boost energy in soldiers and for its undefined medicinal and mystical properties. During other times, chocolate has been considered as the forbidden “food of God”: a treasure of pleasure for the mind and the soul. The overall perception of the consumer for chocolate was of a “charming” and appealing food with lots of negative aspects related to high sugar content leading to consider chocolate as “junk food” for its “obesigen” calories. Recently, in association with the renewed interest of nutrition science in alternative source of health-promoting foods and ingredients, a large body of research has been conducted to unravel the pro and cons of cocoa in relation to human health. Epidemiological evidences indicate that cocoa consumption helps preventing cardiovascular disease for its high content in bioactive flavonoids. Clinical trials show that chocolate consumption might improve vascular function, decreasing platelet aggregation and display an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect. The putative protective action of cocoa seems to be multi-factorial and involving different aspects of vascular, antioxidant and endothelial function. However, the mechanism(s) that account for the benefits of cocoa it is still unclear. The aim of this Research Topic is therefore to provide the reader with an objective picture of the state of art on the association between cocoa and health, mainly through the evidences of human trials; overwhelmingly considered the golden standard for nutritional science. The Research Topic will cover the analysis of the manufacturing processes of the chocolate and the antioxidant effects in humans as well as the majority of the putative health effects of chocolate and cocoa, such as anti-inflammatory properties, effect on immunity, platelet aggregation, blood pressure, endothelial function and cognitive behavior. Unraveling the functional properties of cocoa will help to understand if the 'food of God' is a primordial gift for the health of mankind
    Note: English
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  • 8
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    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    ISBN: 9782889455713
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Music informatics is an interdisciplinary research area that encompasses data driven approaches to the analysis, generation, and retrieval of music. In the era of big data, two goals weigh heavily on many research agendas in this area: (a) the identification of better features and (b) the acquisition of better training data. To this end, researchers have started to incorporate findings and methods from music cognition, a related but historically distinct research area that is concerned with elucidating the underlying mental processes involved in music-related behavior
    Note: English
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9782889454976
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (364 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Urbanization is next to global warming the largest threat to biodiversity. Indeed, it is becoming increasingly evident that many bird species get locally extinct as a result of urban development. However, many bird species benefit from urbanization, especially through the abundance of human-provided resources, and increase in abundance and densities. These birds are intriguing to study in relation to its resilience and adaption to urban environments, but also in relation to its susceptibility and the potential costs of urban life. This Research Topic consisting of 30 articles (one review, two meta-analyzes and 27 original data papers) provides insights into species and population responses to urbanization through diverse lenses, including biogeography, community ecology, behaviour, life history evolution, and physiology
    Note: English
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9782889456154
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (403 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The Volume II is entitled “Neurostimulation and pharmacological approaches”. This volume describes augmentation approaches, where improvements in brain functions are achieved by modulation of brain circuits with electrical or optical stimulation, or pharmacological agents. Activation of brain circuits with electrical currents is a conventional approach that includes such methods as (i) intracortical microstimulation (ICMS), (ii) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and (iii) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). tDCS and TMS are often regarded as noninvasive methods. Yet, they may induce long-lasting plastic changes in the brain. This is why some authors consider the term “noninvasive” misleading when used to describe these and other techniques, such as stimulation with transcranial lasers. The volume further discusses the potential of neurostimulation as a research tool in the studies of perception, cognition and behavior. Additionally, a notion is expressed that brain augmentation with stimulation cannot be described as a net zero sum proposition, where brain resources are reallocated in such a way that gains in one function are balanced by costs elsewhere. In recent years, optogenetic methods have received an increased attention, and several articles in Volume II cover different aspects of this technique. While new optogenetic methods are being developed, the classical electrical stimulation has already been utilized in many clinically relevant applications, like the vestibular implant and tactile neuroprosthesis that utilizes ICMS. As a peculiar usage of neurostimulation and pharmacological methods, Volume II includes several articles on augmented memory. Memory prostheses are a popular recent development in the stimulation-based BMIs. For example, in a hippocampal memory prosthesis, memory content is extracted from hippocampal activity using a multiple-input, multiple-output non-linear dynamical model. As to the pharmacological approaches to augmenting memory and cognition, the pros and cons of using nootropic drugs are discussed
    Note: English
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  • 11
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    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    ISBN: 9782889453665
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: It is acknowledged that practice could induce rapid change or reorganization of the brain’s cellular or neural networks as well as behaviors. Notably, practice relevant to mental or physical approach attracted great attention in this decade. It highlights profound significance both for human evolvement and individual development. Specifically, acquiring fine motor skills is a crucial premise for human being to evolve to modern human by using tools in one side. In the other side, numerous evidences indicated that motor learning involved in limb and trunks promotes the development of individual brain in anatomy and functions. Hence, motor learning is also tightly associated with developmental plasticity. These studies on brain-mind-body practice illuminate a promising way in promoting human brain health. This editorial covers wide range of brain-mind-body practice forms to summarize recent new findings and development from behavioral, physiological, neurobiological and psychological science approaches. In this research topic, we addressed recent findings from theoretical as well as experimental perspective including contributions under the following three headings: 1) intervention studies to investigate the positive effect of brain-mind-body practice on cognition and relevant brain mechanism. The intervention pattern consisted of short-term practice ranging from few hours to several weeks; 2) cross-sectional studies using expert-novice paradigm to explore the behavioral and neural system change induced by extensive brain-mind-body practice; 3) the mediators influence the relationship between practice and health outcomes and 4) new viewpoints on brain-mind-body practice from theoretical perspectives. Here we briefly highlight these articles aiming to provide a deep understanding for the association between practice, plasticity and health for readers. Additionally, it offers new insights for developing possible practice interventions for clinical treatment of neurological dysfunction or disorders
    Note: English
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9782889454143
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (111 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Perseverative cognition is defined as the repetitive or sustained activation of cognitive representations of past stressful events or feared events in the future and even at non-clinical levels it causes a “fight-or-flight” action tendency, followed by a cascade of biological events, starting in the brain and ending as peripheral stress responses. In the past decade, such persistent physiological activation has proven to impact individuals’ health, potentially leading to somatic disease. As such, perseverative cognition has recently been proposed as the missing piece in the relationships between stress, psychopathology, and risk for health. Perseverative cognition is indeed a hallmark of conditions such as anxiety and mood disorders that are at increased -though still unexplained- cardiovascular risk. Although the pivotal role of ruminative and worrisome thoughts in determining the onset and maintenance of psychopathological disorders has been acknowledged for a long time, its effects on the body via reciprocal influences between mental processes and the body's physiology have been neglected. Moreover, perseverative cognition is definitely not restricted to psychopathology, it is extremely common and likely even omnipresent, pervading daily life. The objective of the Research Topic is to provide an interdisciplinary examination of cutting-edge neuroscientific research on brain-body signatures of perseverative cognition in both healthy and psychopathological individuals. Despite the evident role of the brain in repetitive thinking and the assumption that our mind is embodied, bran-body pathways from perseverative cognition to health risk have remained largely unexplored
    Note: English
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9782889454587
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (199 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Brain oscillations, or neural rhythms, reflect widespread functional connections between large-scale neural networks, as well as within cortical networks. As such they have been related to many aspects of human behaviour. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the role of brain oscillations at distinct frequency bands in cognitive, sensory and motor tasks. Consequentially, those rhythms also affect diverse aspects of human communication. On the one hand, this comprises verbal communication; a field where the understanding of neural mechanisms has seen huge advances in recent years. Speech is inherently organised in a rhythmic manner. For example, time scales of phonemes and syllables, but also formal prosodic aspects such as intonation and stress, fall into distinct frequency bands. Likewise, neural rhythms in the brain play a role in speech segmentation and coding of continuous speech at multiple time scales, as well as in the production of speech. On the other hand, human communication involves widespread and diverse nonverbal aspects where the role of neural rhythms is far less understood. This can be the enhancement of speech processing through visual signals, thought to be guided via brain oscillations, or the conveying of emotion, which results in differential rhythmic modulations in the observer. Additionally, body movements and gestures often have a communicative purpose and are known to modulate sensorimotor rhythms in the observer. This Research Topic of Frontiers in Human Neuroscience highlights the diverse aspects of human communication that are shaped by rhythmic activity in the brain. Relevant contributions are presented from various fields including cognitive and social neuroscience, neuropsychiatry, and methodology. As such they provide important new insights into verbal and non-verbal communication, pathological changes, and methodological innovations
    Note: English
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  • 14
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    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    ISBN: 9782889454013
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Modern neural networks gave rise to major breakthroughs in several research areas. In neuroscience, we are witnessing a reappraisal of neural network theory and its relevance for understanding information processing in biological systems. The research presented in this book provides various perspectives on the use of artificial neural networks as models of neural information processing. We consider the biological plausibility of neural networks, performance improvements, spiking neural networks and the use of neural networks for understanding brain function
    Note: English
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9782889454822
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (245 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Advances in anti-cancer chemotherapy over recent years have led to improved efficacy in curing or controlling many cancers. Some chemotherapy-related side-effects are well recognized and include: nausea, vomiting, bone marrow suppression, peripheral neuropathy, cardiac and skeletal muscle dysfunction and renal impairment. However, it is becoming clearer that some chemotherapy-related adverse effects may persist even in long term cancer survivors. Problems such as cognitive, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal dysfunction, and neuropathy may lead to substantial long term morbidity. Despite improvements in treatments to counteract acute chemotherapy-induced adverse effects, they are often incompletely effective. Furthermore, counter-measures for some acute side-effects and many potential longer term sequelae of anti-cancer chemotherapy have not been developed. Thus, new insights into prevalence and mechanisms of cancer chemotherapy-related side effects are needed and new approaches to improving tolerance and reduce sequelae of cancer chemotherapy are urgently needed. The present Research Topic focuses on adverse effects and sequelae of chemotherapy and strategies to counteract them
    Note: English
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9782889456338
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (334 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Parasitic weeds are severe constraint to agriculture and major crop production, and the efficacy of available means to control them is minimal. Control strategies have centred around agronomic practices, resistant varieties and the use of herbicides. Novel integrated control programmes should be sympathetic to agricultural extensification while exerting minimal harmful effects on the environment. This eBook covers recent advances in biology, physiology of parasitism, genetics, population dynamics, resistance, host-parasite relationships, regulation of seed germination, etc., in order to offer an outstanding windows to these enigmatic plants, and contribute to their practical management
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9782889456345
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (195 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Legume crops provide an excellent source of high quality plant protein and have a key role in arable crop rotations reducing the need for fertilizer application and acting as break-crops. However, these crops are affected by a number of foliar and root diseases, being ascochyta blights the most important group of diseases worldwide. Ascochyta blights are incited by different pathogens in the various legumes. A number of control strategies have been developed including resistance breeding, cultural practices and chemical control. However, only marginal successes have been achieved in most instances, most control methods being uneconomical, hard to achieve or resulting in incomplete protection. This eBook covers recent advances in co-operative research on these diseases, from agronomy to breeding, covering traditional and modern genomic methodologies
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  • 18
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    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    ISBN: 9782889456888
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (294 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Clearance of apoptotic cells is essential for proper development, homeostasis and termination of immune responses in multicellular organisms. Thus, cellular and molecular players taking part in the sequential events of this process are of great interest. Research in the last 20 years has indicated that specific ligands and receptors take part in the attraction of immune cells toward apoptotic targets and in the interactions between apoptotic cells and professional as well as non-professional phagocytes that engulf them. Moreover, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) leads to significant phenotypic changes in the engulfing cells suggesting that it is a major fate-determining event for phagocytes. Particularly, efferocytosis has an important impact on the inflammation-resolution axis as well as embryonic development and tissue morphogenesis. Deficiencies in these processes can result in health threats, such as autoimmunity, atherosclerosis, bone loss, obesity, infertility, neurodegeneration, fibrosis and cancer. This eBook brings together 24 original research and review manuscripts that cover various aspects of apoptotic cell removal during normal development and homeostasis as well as in tumorigenesis and regenerative processes following injury
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9782889454440
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (227 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The World population will reach 9 billion by 2050, with the majority of this growth occurring in developing countries. On the other hand, one in nine of the World's population suffers from chronic hunger, the vast majority of which live in developing countries. We therefore need to find new and sustainable solutions to feed this increasing population and alleviate the predicted negative impact of global changes on crop production. This e-Book deals with new strategies to improve food security and livelihoods in rural communities, reduce vulnerability, increase resilience and mitigate lthe impact of climate change and land degradation on agriculture. This collection of 18 articles addresses the major abiotic factors limiting crop production worldwide, how to characterize and exploit the available plant biodiversity to increase production and sustainability in agrosystems, and the use of beneficial microbes to improve production and reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9782889455737
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (178 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Complex problem solving (CPS) and related topics such as dynamic decision-making (DDM) and complex dynamic control (CDC) represent multifaceted psychological phenomena. In abroad sense, CPS encompasses learning, decision-making, and acting in complex and dynamic situations. Moreover, solutions to problems that people face in such situations are often generated in teams or groups. This adds another layer of complexity to the situation itself because of the emerging issues that arise from the social dynamics of group interactions. This framing of CPS means that it is not a single construct that can be measured by using a particular type of CPS task (e.g. minimal complex system tests), which is a view taken by the psychometric community. The proposed approach taken here is that because CPS is multifaceted, multiple approaches need to be taken to fully capture and understand what it is and how the different cognitive processes associated with it complement each other.Thus, this Research Topic is aimed at showcasing the latest work in the fields of CPS, as well as DDM and CDC that takes a holist approach to investigating and theorizing about these abilities. The collection of articles encompasses conceptual approaches as well as experimental and correlational studies involving established or new tools to examine CPS, DDM and CDC. This work contributes to answering questions about what strategies and what general knowledge can be transferred from one type of complex and dynamic situation to another, what learning conditions result in transferable knowledge and skills, and how these features can be trained
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  • 21
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    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    ISBN: 9782889455232
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (121 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The number of older subjects is rapidly increasingly worldwide. As a consequence, the nature of clinical conditions is also changing. Traditional medicine and models of care have been based on the evaluation and treatment of single and usually acute conditions occurring in relatively young individuals. Today, the usual clinical manifestation of diseases is characterized by multiple and often chronic conditions affecting older people. In this scenario, frailty and dementia have been triggering special interest both in research and clinical settings due to their high prevalence, impact on the individual’s quality of life, and consequences for public health worldwide. These conditions aptly reflect the complexity of age-related pathological conditions, finding as causal factor a myriad of heterogeneous, interacting, and often still unclear pathophysiological processes. Indeed, their study is strongly affected by the difficulty to differentiate the effects of a normal aging process from eventual pathological deviations of the underlying systems. Their occurrence and trajectories over time are strongly affected by a wide array of factors and determinants that can be hardly attributed to the deficit/involvement of single biological systems and/or health domains. Moreover, environment and social factors also play a key role in the determination of phenotypes. The present Research Topic is aimed at widening our understanding of the frailty and dementia phenomena occurring with aging, in order to improve the clinical and public health approaches to these burdening conditions
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  • 22
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    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    ISBN: 9782889453733
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: euromodulation is among the fastest-growing areas of medicine, involving many diverse specialties and affecting hundreds of thousands of patients with numerous disorders worldwide. It can briefly be described as the science of how electrical, chemical, and mechanical interventions can modulate the nervous system function. A prominent example of neuromodulation is deep brain stimulation (DBS), an intervention that reflects a fundamental shift in the understanding of neurological and psychiatric diseases: namely as resulting from a dysfunctional activity pattern in a defined neuronal network that can be normalized by targeted stimulation. The application of DBS has grown remarkably and more than 130,000 patients worldwide have obtained a DBS intervention in the past 30 years—most of them for treating movement disorders. This Frontiers Research Topics provides an overview on the current discussion beyond basic research in DBS and other brain stimulation technologies. Researchers from various disciplines, who are working on broader clinical, ethical and social issues related to DBS and related neuromodulation technologies, have contributed to this research topic
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9782889454501
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The use of radical prostatectomy in patients with high risk of recurrence has significantly increased during the past 10 years. Thus, adjuvant radiation as a part of multimodality treatment or salvage radiation at the evidence of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression represents mainstay curative-intent options for a great number of prostate cancer patients. Although, few randomized trials and many retrospective studies have been published, many uncertainties still mold the discussions on the best treatment management for men after prostatectomy. This research topic successfully intended to foster discussions on current controversies in the use of postoperative radiotherapy and to present novel perspectives for treatment optimization
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  • 24
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    ISBN: 9782889453917
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (650 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: High-energy charged particles represent a cutting-edge technique in radiation oncology. Protons and carbon ions are used in several centers all over the world for the treatment of different solid tumors. Typical indications are ocular malignancies, tumors of the base of the skull, hepatocellular carcinomas and various sarcomas. The physical characteristics of the charged particles (Bragg peak) allow sparing of much more normal tissues than it is possible using conventional X-rays, and for this reason all pediatric tumors are considered eligible for protontherapy. Ions heavier than protons also display special radiobiological characteristics, which make them effective against radioresistant and hypoxic tumors. On the other hand, protons and ions with high charge (Z) and energy (HZE particles) represent a major risk for human space exploration. The main late effect of radiation exposure is cancer induction, and at the moment the dose limits for astronauts are based on cancer mortality risk. The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) measured the dose on the route to Mars and on the planet’s surface, suggesting that a human exploration missions will exceed the radiation risk limits. Notwithstanding many studies on carcinogenesis induced by protons and heavy ions, the risk uncertainty remains very high. In this research topic we aim at gathering the experiences and opinions of scientists dealing with high-energy charged particles either for cancer treatment or for space radiation protection. Clinical results with protons and heavy ions, as well as research in medical physics and pre-clinical radiobiology are reported. In addition, ground-based and spaceflight studies on the effects of space radiation are included in this book. Particularly relevant for space studies are the clinical results on normal tissue complications and second cancers. The eBook nicely demonstrates that particle therapy in oncology and protection of astronauts from space radiation share many common topics, and can learn from each other
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  • 25
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    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    ISBN: 9782889456611
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (181 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Legionella pneumophila was first isolated as the causative agent of a deadly infectious pneumonia at a convention of the American Legion forty years ago. Since then, Legionnaires’ disease continues to be a significant public health concern. Today, our understanding of the Legionella genus, comprising environmental bacteria and opportunistic human pathogens, has dramatically increased. The study of how pathogenic Legionella interact with host cells, both protozoan and mammalian, has not only taught us about host-pathogen interactions but has revealed novel and unexpected insights into human cell biology and immunology. The capacity of pathogenic Legionella to commandeer cellular processes such as eukaryotic vesicular trafficking to establish an ER-like replicative niche, reflects the exquisite ability of this pathogen to manipulate eukaryotic cell biology in order to replicate in an intracellular compartment. This requires the specific and targeted action of a cohort of translocated bacterial effector proteins. In addition, we have learnt much about cell autonomous innate immune sensing of intracellular bacteria through the inability of L. pneumophila to avoid intracellular mammalian defense mechanisms. Now, in the age of large-scale comparative “omics”, it is clear that different Legionella species utilize different cohorts of effectors to replicate inside eukaryotic cells. While we understand some of the strategies employed by L. pneumophila and L. longbeachae to replicate within eukaryotic cells, there is still much to learn about many aspects of the Legionella life cycle. This Research Topic highlights the latest findings regarding the biology of Legionella species, their interactions with eukaryotic host cells, and how the application of various technologies has increased our understanding of this important pathogen
    Note: English
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9782889456284
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Many patients with bilateral vestibulopathy experience chronic oscillopsia due to failure of the vestibulo-ocular reflex and gait instability due to failure of vestibulo-spinal reflexes. There are numerous potential contributing factors, however, many cases remain idiopathic. The diagnosis of bilateral vestibulopathy is often delayed, placing patients at risk for unnecessary diagnostic tests and late initiation of treatment. Novel diagnostic tests offer new opportunities to characterize patterns of vestibular impairment. With the advent of new therapies, there is urgency to define and better understand patients with bilateral vestibulopathy. This collection includes topics such as an exploration of the large class of patients with bilateral vestibulopathy currently considered idiopathic, by identifying novel pathophysiologic mechanisms. Other topics include a historical perspective on early recognition, the impact of bilateral vestibular impairment on quality of life, and how advances in diagnostics are refining our understanding of what it means to have bilateral vestibulopathy. New developments in treatment strategies for patients with bilateral vestibulopathy are also featured
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9782889456147
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (666 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Volume I, entitled “Augmentation of Brain Functions: Brain-Machine Interfaces”, is a collection of articles on neuroprosthetic technologies that utilize brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). BMIs strive to augment the brain by linking neural activity, recorded invasively or noninvasively, to external devices, such as arm prostheses, exoskeletons that enable bipedal walking, means of communication and technologies that augment attention. In addition to many practical applications, BMIs provide useful research tools for basic science. Several articles cover challenges and controversies in this rapidly developing field, such as ways to improve information transfer rate. BMIs can be applied to the awake state of the brain and to the sleep state, as well. BMIs can augment action planning and decision making. Importantly, BMI operations evoke brain plasticity, which can have long-lasting effects. Advanced neural decoding algorithms that utilize optimal feedback controllers are key to the BMI performance. BMI approach can be combined with the other augmentation methods; such systems are called hybrid BMIs. Overall, it appears that BMI will lead to many powerful and practical brain-augmenting technologies in the future
    Note: English
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9782889456161
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (338 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The final volume in this ...
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  • 29
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    ISBN: 9782889454167
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Old adults undertake mult ...
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  • 30
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    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    ISBN: 9782889453887
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (221 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: A significant increase in the prevalence of campylobacteriosis cases has been observed over the past years. Campylobacter has emerged as the leading cause of bacterial foodborne disease worldwide with a significant impact on human health and an associated economic burdens. Campylobacteriosis human cases have been generally correlated with the handling, preparation and consumption of poultry. In 2017, the European Commission regulation has amended Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 on the hygiene of foodstuffs as regards Campylobacter on broiler carcasses stating a limit of 1000 cfu/g. Campylobacter is also present in other farm animals and is frequently found on a range of foodstuffs due to cross contamination. Among the pathogenic species, C. jejuni is the most prevalent species followed by C. coli. Current guidelines highlight the importance of biosecurity but these measures are failing to mitigate the risk of pathogenic Campylobacter. As an obligate microaerophile, Campylobacter does not multiply under atmospheric oxygen concentration at ambient temperatures. It therefore constitutes a puzzle as to how it can survive from farm to retail outlets. The underlying molecular mechanisms of persistence, survival and pathogenesis appear to be unique to this pathogen. Recent research has indicated how genomic polymorphism, restricted catabolic capacity, self regulation or deregulation of genes, bacterial cooperation and unknown contamination routes may be connected to this specificity.This book includes original studies on both C. jejuni and C. coli species dealing with epidemiology and animal carriage, host interaction, control strategies, metabolism and regulation specificities of these two pathogenic species, methodology to improve cultural techniques and chicken gut microbiota challenged with Campylobacter
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  • 31
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    ISBN: 9782889454273
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: This book deals with applications of quantum mechanical techniques to areas outside of quantum mechanics, so-called quantum-like modeling. Research in this area has grown over the last 15 years. But even already more than 50 years ago, the interaction between Physics Nobelist Pauli and the psychologist Carl Jung in the 1950's on seeking to find analogous uses of the complementarity principle from quantum mechanics in psychology needs noting. This book does NOT want to advance that society is quantum mechanical! The macroscopic world is manifestly not quantum mechanical. But this rules not out that one can use concepts and the mathematical apparatus from quantum physics in a macroscopic environment. A mainstay ingredient of quantum mechanics, is 'quantum probability' and this tool has been proven to be useful in the mathematical modelling of decision making. In the most basic experiment of quantum physics, the double slit experiment, it is known (from the works of A. Khrennikov) that the law of total probability is violated. It is now well documented that several decision making paradoxes in psychology and economics (such as the Ellsberg paradox) do exhibit this violation of the law of total probability. When data is collected with experiments which test 'non-rational' decision making behaviour, one can observe that such data often exhibits a complex non-commutative structure, which may be even more complex than if one considers the structure allied to the basic two slit experiment. The community exploring quantum-like models has tried to address how quantum probability can help in better explaining those paradoxes. Research has now been published in very high standing journals on resolving some of the paradoxes with the mathematics of quantum physics. The aim of this book is to collect the contributions of world's leading experts in quantum like modeling in decision making, psychology, cognition, economics, and finance
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  • 32
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    ISBN: 9782889454990
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Scarring of the glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartments is a hallmark of progressive kidney disease. Renal fibrosis involves a complex interplay between kidney cells, leukocytes and fibroblasts in which transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a key role. This eBook provides a comprehensive update on TGF-β signalling pathways and introduces a range of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in renal fibrosis both upstream and downstream of TGF-β. The wide variety of potential new targets described herein bodes well for the future development of effective therapies to tackle the major clinical problem of progressive renal fibrosis
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  • 33
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    ISBN: 9782889456314
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (179 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The goal of this eBook is to shed light on the non-linguistic causes of language diversity, and in particular, to explore the possibility that some aspects of the structure of languages may result from an adaptation to the natural and/or human-made environment. Traditionally, language diversity has been claimed to result from random, internally-motivated changes in language structure. However, ongoing research suggests instead that different factors that are external to language can promote language change and ultimately account for aspects of language diversity, specifically features of the social and physical environments. The contributions in this eBook discuss whether some aspects of languages are an adaptation to ecological, social, or even technological niches
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9782889456796
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Anaerobic digestion (AD) ...
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  • 35
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    ISBN: 9782889456222
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (109 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Embodied and evolving systems — biological or robotic — are interacting networks of structure, function, information, and behavior. Understanding these complex systems is the goal of the research presented in this book. We address different questions and hypotheses about four essential topics in complex systems: evolvability, environments, embodiment, and emergence. Using a variety of approaches, we provide different perspectives on an overarching, unifying question: How can embodied and evolutionary robotics illuminate (1) principles underlying biological evolving systems and (2) general analytical frameworks for studying embodied evolving systems? The answer — model biological processes to operate, develop, and evolve situated, embodied robots
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9782889455065
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Livestock species are either herbivores or omnivores that are maintained largely on plant-based diets. We have long appreciated the importance of understanding dietary plants from both nutritional and agronomic perspectives. However, it is increasingly clear that the fungi, bacteria and other microorganisms that live in the plants and animals are also significant factors in the ecology of agricultural animals. Many of the effects exerted on animals by dietary plants are attributable to secondary metabolites produced by the plants themselves or commensal microorganisms. Some fungal and plant secondary metabolites have multiple biological effects. We must be careful not to categorize a plant as strictly beneficial or harmful. Furthermore, we must be careful not to categorize even a particular plant or fungal compound as strictly beneficial or harmful. Rather, the harm or benefit of secondary metabolites are often dependent on the metabolic status of the animal, the interaction with other dietary factors including other secondary metabolites, and the dose received through the diet. This collection examines a range of agriculturally important plant and fungal products including essential oils, alkaloids, isoflavones and nitrates
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9782889453948
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (196 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Development and spread of antimicrobial resistance is the result of an evolutionary process by which microorganisms adapt to antibiotics through several mechanisms including alteration of drug target by mutation and horizontal transfer of resistance genes. The concomitant occurrence of independent antimicrobial resistance mechanisms is a serious threat to human health and has appeared in several emerging epidemic clones over the past decade in humans and also in animals. The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial drug resistance among animal and zoonotic foodborne pathogens is of particular concern for public health. In this Ebook, we gathered a collection of articles which deal with the most important aspects of the genetics of acquired antimicrobial resistance extending from medically-important resistance, emerging epidemic resistant clones, main mobile genetic elements spreading resistance, resistomes, dissemination between animals and humans, to the “One Health” concept
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  • 38
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    ISBN: 9782889456208
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: It is long known that many cells can shed extracellular vesicles, small membrane-enclosed cell fragments. Although the existence of extracellular vesicles has been recognized for many years, researchers are only beginning to understand their physiologic significance. Several recent studies have demonstrated that extracellular vesicles released from cells serve as a mode of cellular communication. They can carry diverse molecular payload (e.g. nucleic acids, bioactive lipids and proteins) to distal organs and recipient cells. Extracellular vesicles can be classified into three major groups: exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. All these types of extracellular vesicles can be found in a variety of biologic specimen and their numbers, distribution and composition may serve as biomarkers for various disorders, including cardiovascular disease. Although extracellular vesicle-mediated processes are currently best characterized in the fields of cancer biology and neurobiology, evidence is accumulating that extracellular vesicles play a key role in the pathophysiology of diabetes, thrombosis, inflammation and cardiovascular calcification. In this Research Topic, we invited review and methodological articles that advance our understanding of extracellular vesicle-related processes in vascular biology
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9782889456383
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (179 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: One significant area of research in the multifaceted field of bilingualism over the past two decades has been the demonstration, validation, and account of the so-called ‘bilingual advantage’. This refers to the hypothesis that bilingual speakers have advanced abilities in executive functions and other domains of human cognition. Such cognitive benefits of bilingualism have an impact on the processing mechanisms active during language acquisition in a way that results in language variation. Within bilingual populations, the notion of language proximity (or linguistic distance) is also of key importance for deriving variation. In addition, sociolinguistic factors can invest the process of language development and its outcome with an additional layer of complexity, such as schooling, language, dominance, competing motivations, or the emergence of mesolectal varieties, which blur the boundaries of grammatical variants. This is particularly relevant for diglossic speech communities—bilectal, bidialectal, or bivarietal speakers. The defined goal of the present Research Topic is to address whether the bilingual advantage extends to such speakers as well. Thus, ‘Linguistic and Cognitive Profiles for Speakers of Linguistically Proximal Languages and Varieties’ become an important matter within ‘Developmental, Modal, and Pathological Variation’
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9782889455591
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Children and companion animals seem to have a natural affinity towards each other. Most children desire a relationship with their own companion animals or at least demonstrate an interest to interact with animals in general. Living with companion animals or interacting with animals may have psychosocial, neurobiological, or medically relevant effects on typically developing children and juveniles as well as those with diverse and special needs.〈/p〉〈p〉〈br〉〈/p〉〈p〉In this eBook, we present several articles addressing the relationships between children/juveniles and animals in different countries, including Austria, Germany, Jamaica, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. Three articles discuss approaches in animal-assisted education, including animal keeping and animal assisted interventions in schools, and an experimental study investigating immediate effects of dogs on reading competence and accompanying stress reactions with cortisol and behavior. Other articles address topics involving children and their companion animals, including dog-walking by children and juveniles, risks of dog bites by the family dog, selection of pet dogs for families with a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the relationships that children with ASD have with their family cats. 〈/p〉〈p〉〈br〉〈/p〉〈p〉The interactions between children/juveniles and animals addressed in this eBook provide new insights into some scarcely investigated themes, and underline the significance of animals in children's lives
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9782889455645
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (238 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Since Erspamer and Boretti, 1951 first described the biogenic amine octopamine in the octopus salivary gland as a molecule with “adrenaline-like” action, decades of extensive studies demonstrated the important role octopamine and its precursor tyramine play in invertebrate physiology and behavior. This book contains the latest original research papers on tyramine/octopamine and their receptors in different neuronal and non-neuronal circuits of insects. 〈/p〉Additonally, this book elucidates in detail the latest research on the function of other biogenic amines and their receptors, such as dopamine and serotonin in insects and mice. The reviews in this book summarize the most recent research on the role of biogenic amines in insect antennae, synaptic development, and behavioral modulation by spontaneous dopamine release in Drosophila. Finally, one perspective paper discusses the evolution of social behavior and biogenic amines. 〈br〉〈br〉We recommend this book for all scholars interested in the latest advanced research on the role of biogenic amines in animal behavior. 〈br〉〈br〉ITS dedicates the topic to her teacher, Plotnikova Svetlana Ivanovna (1922-2013)
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9782889456253
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Autoimmune thyroid diseas ...
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9782889456505
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The eBook "Building Strategies for Porcine Cancer Models" presents a series of articles demonstrating the state-of-the-art developments in pig models for cancer research. Renowned researchers dedicated to the reproduction, genomic and biological engineering of the pig model for biomedicine contribute to this special research area. Although advances in these areas are occurring at surprising speeds, they are still far from realizing all the potential benefits that this biological model could provide to science. The current biomedical models may limit the frontier of knowledge in the cancer research
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9782889456406
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (157 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Most adults attempt to learn a second or even third language at some point in their life. Since language exposure is one of the most intense cognitive training regimes one can encounter, it is not surprising that previous research has shown that multilingualism can induce profound change in the brain or ‘neuroplasticity’.What remains unclear is the scope of such adult language learning induced neuroplasticity. In other words, much is yet to be investigated about the factors that limit or promote adult language learning induced neuroplasticity. On the one hand, the present research topic discusses research that sheds light on neural mechanisms that limit adult language learning induced neuroplasticity such as: neural mechanisms of first language interference in the acquisition of a second language and reduced opportunity for language induced neuroplasticity due to aging. On the other hand, the Research Topic discusses factors that could enhance non-native language learning (and underlying neuroplastic mechanisms), such as the duration of the training regime, language aptitude, and meta-linguistic awareness. Therefore, the goal of the present Research Topic is to examine both the limits of neuroplasticity in adult language learning and the ways to push beyond those limits. Understanding of such limits and frontiers to push beyond the limits is not only theoretically fundamental but could also have practical implications for enhancing language training programmes
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9782889454884
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (213 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Nanotechnology is a fast-evolving discipline that already produces outstanding basic knowledge and industrial applications for the benefit of society. It is a new emerging and fascinating field of science, that permits advanced research in many areas. The first applications of nanotechnology mainly concerned material sciences; applications in the agriculture and food sectors are still emerging. Food science nanotechnology is an area of rising attention that unties new possibilities for the food industry. Due to the rapid population growth there is a need to produce food and beverages in a more efficient, safe and sustainable way. The application of nanotechnology in food has also gained great importance in recent years in view of its potential application to improve production of food crops, enhance nutrition, packaging and food safety overall. The new materials, products and applications are anticipated to bring lots of improvements to the food and related sectors, impacting agriculture and food production, food processing, distribution, storage, sanitation as well as the development of innovative products and sensors for effective detection of contaminants. Therefore, nanotechnology present with a large potential to provide an opportunity for the researchers of food science, food microbiology and other fields, to develop new tools for incorporation of nanoparticles into food system that could augment existing functions and add new ones. However, the number of relative publications currently available is rather small. The present Research Topic aims to provide with basic information and practical applications regarding all aspects related to the applications of nanotechnology in food science and food microbiology, namely, nanoparticle synthesis, especially through the eco-friendly perspective, potential applications in food processing, biosensor development, alternative strategies for effective pathogenic bacteria monitoring as well as the possible effects on human health and the environment
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  • 46
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    ISBN: 9782889456789
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Monoclonal antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins used clinically are Fc-based therapeutics that grow fastest in the pharmaceutical industry. Since they both contain an Fc fragment, engineering of Fc fragments could be a platform for improving Fc-based drug efficacy. Fc engineering includes various aspects: stabilization of Fc; regulation of effector functions including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity; extension of serum half-life by modification of neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) binding; monomerization or heterodimerization of Fc for design of new Fc formats. Currently, many new methods are being used in Fc engineering. Compared to traditional methods such as site mutagenesis on certain positions by amino acid replacement, new methods such as display-based technology can confer high throughput screening and obtain optimized variants relatively quickly, accelerating the drug development process. With the new methods, many new Fc variants were identified. On this Research Topic we are going to review the progress in current Fc engineering including the new engineering methods and the Fc variants or constructs they have produced, and the potential of these new Fcs in clinical use
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9782889454891
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (155 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The current eBook collection includes substantial scientific work in describing how insect species are responding to abiotic factors and recent climatic trends on the basis of insect physiology and population dynamics. The contributions can be broadly split into four chapters: the first chapter focuses on the function of environmental and mostly temperature driven models, to identify the seasonal emergence and population dynamics of insects, including some important pests. The second chapter provides additional examples on how such models can be used to simulate the effect of climate change on insect phenology and population dynamics. The third chapter focuses on describing the effects of nutrition, gene expression and phototaxis in relation to insect demography, growth and development, whilst the fourth chapter provides a short description on the functioning of circadian systems as well as on the evolutionary dynamics of circadian clocks
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  • 48
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    ISBN: 9782889455607
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: A brief glimpse into new insight driving the comparative biology of energy homeostasis in vertebrates with a focus on non-mammalian vertebrates. What are the key conserved mechanisms and what aspects of feeding behavior and energy allocation are different between species?
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9782889455935
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (143 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The neurorehabilitation field is increasingly focused on understanding how to efficiently revert the effects that acute (i.e., stroke or traumatic brain injury) or chronic (i.e., neurodegenerative diseases) insults play either on small or large-scale networks, encompassing motor, sensory and cognitive domains. The link between the disrupted neuronal pulse generators and their effectors is being re-shaped through a wide scenario that embraces biorobotics, robot-aided rehabilitation, non-invasive neurostimulation, nanoprosthetics and neuroengineering. For the past decade and at an amazing speed, large investments and efforts allowed enthusiastic and only apparently heterogeneous researchers to borrow theories from neurophysiology, pharmacology, physics and quantum mechanics in order to generate together highly sophisticated tools that restore, resemble or even substitute the basic biological architecture. The idea of actually reverting weakened functions and/or replacing the faulty parts either of the human body or the central and peripheral nervous system is becoming a new reality, opening a fascinating era in this field. In this Research Topic, several researchers showed how the above principles became reality, from theory to the bedside of patients, providing full explanations of the whole mechanistic processes and how they were implemented, up to the final stage
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  • 50
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    ISBN: 9782889455652
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The present eBook presents one review, five mini-reviews, and an opinion article on the achievements and perspectives of studies on important aspects of cancer cell metabolic reprogramming whose mechanisms and regulation are still largely elusive. It also sheds light on certain novel functional components, which rewires cell metabolism in tumor transformation
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9782889456451
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (369 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: This Frontiers Research Topic "The Brassicaceae- Agri-Horticultural and Environmental Perspectives" is an effort to provide a common platform to agronomists, horticulturists, plant breeders, plant geneticists/molecular biologists, plant physiologists and environmental plant scientists exploring major insights into the role of important members of the plant family Brassicaceae (the mustard family, or Cruciferae) in agri-horticultural and environmental arenas
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  • 52
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    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    ISBN: 9782889453863
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (107 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The term allorecognition ...
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  • 53
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    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    ISBN: 9782889453931
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (244 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Shifts in the age composition of the workforce coupled with dynamic definitions of retirement represent important issues that influence work processes and, more generally, the experience of working across one’s career. For example, redefinitions of careers and the changing nature of working have contributed to the emergence of distinct forms and patterns of work experiences across the prototypical work lifespan. Likewise, older individuals are increasingly delaying retirement in favor of longer-term labor force participation. The study of age and work, and work and retirement by industrial, work, and organizational (IWO) psychologists and scholars of human resources management and organizational behavior (HR/OB) has recently proliferated in part as a result of such trends, along with the recognition that age-related processes are important indicators of various proximal (e.g., job attitudes, work behaviors, work motives, and wellbeing) and distal outcomes (e.g., sustainable employability, climates for aging, and firm performance) at various levels of abstraction in modern work environments. Recent theoretical advances have suggested that age, along with individual psychological factors and various contextual influences can jointly influence work outcomes that contribute to long-term employment success, including work performance, job attitudes, work orientations, and motivations. Similar theoretical developments concerning retirement have postulated individual and contextual elements that drive success in the transition from career and work roles to non-work and leisure as well as post-retirement bridge employment roles. In this Research Topic, we aim to curate a collection of papers that are representative of current trends and advances in thinking about and investigating the role of age in workplace processes and the changing nature of retirement. Our hope is to showcase various contemporary ideas and rigorous empirical studies as a means to inform broader thinking and to support enhanced theorizing and organizational practice regarding these processes
    Note: English
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  • 54
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    ISBN: 9782889455263
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: While HIV/AIDS is a global public heath challenge, its impact is arguably greatest in the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where new infections account for approximately 66% of the total number of HIV-positive persons globally. In SSA, medical, social, and economic resources are limited, thus necessitating innovative approaches to disease prevention. One of the mechanisms of prevention that is most promising occurs through HIV disclosure to family members (e.g., adult sexual partners) generally, and to children in particular. Our emphasis in this eBook is on HIV disclosure to children because it has multiple benefits, including improved adherence to antiretroviral medication treatment and understanding at an early age of the impact of sexual activity on the spread of HIV. While there is a noticeable gap in research on HIV disclosure to younger children, some of the general reasons for non-disclosure include concerns about fear of adult partners leaving relationships, and that children are too young to comprehend the severity of the situation and may tell others outside the family. Thus, it is critical to better understand how the HIV disclosure process happens (or does not happen) within HIV-affected families, as well as the best practices on how to disclose. In this eBook, we present a combination of empirical research studies and critical literature reviews that investigate the reasons for and for not disclosing HIV status within HIV-affected families and provide evidence-based practices that could be adopted by healthcare professionals to help HIV-positive parents facilitate disclosure activities within these families. This information can also be used by researchers, practitioners, and stakeholders who are in a position to influence policies on effective HIV disclosure practices, guidelines, and programs
    Note: English
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9782889454389
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (109 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: In radiation oncology as in many other specialties clinical trials are essential to investigate new therapy approaches. Usually, preparation for a prospective clinical trial is extremely time consuming until ethics approval is obtained. To test a new treatment usually many years pass before it can be implemented in the routine care. During that time, already new interventions emerge, new drugs appear on the market, technical & physical innovations are being implemented, novel biology driven concepts are translated into clinical approaches while we are still investigating the ones from years ago. Another problem is associated with molecular diagnostics and the growing amount of tumor specific biomarkers which allows for a better stratification of patient subgroups. On the other side, this may result in a much longer time for patient recruiting and consequently in larger multicenter trials. Moreover, all of the relevant data must be readily available for treatment decision making, treatment as well as follow-up, and ultimately for trial evaluation. This challenges even more for agreed standards in data acquisition, quality and management. How could we change the way currently clinical trials are performed in a way they are safe and ethically justifiable and speed up the initiation process, so we can provide new and better treatments faster for our patients? Further, while we rely on various quantitative information handling distributed, large heterogeneous amounts of data efficiently is very important. Thus data management becomes a strong focus. A good infrastructure helps to plan, tailor and conduct clinical trials in a way they are easy and quickly analyzable. In this research topic we want to discuss new ideas for intelligent trial designs and concepts for data management
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9782889455683
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)’s Co-operative Research Programme on Biological Resource Management for Sustainable Agricultural Systems sponsored the AHEAD 2017 workshop, bringing together experts from the farming and pharmaceutical industries, information and communications technology, policy, research (and more) to create a roadmap to the digital transformation of animal health surveillance. In many countries, policy supports the reduction of antibiotic use and a growing focus in the veterinary practice is to move away from blanket dosage of antibiotics, for example for mastitis. Significant and speedy improvements can take place, but only with coordinated actions supported by the entire value chain. Reducing the use of antibiotics is of massive societal importance, but changing on farm or veterinary methods requires thought and a user-centred approach. The most glaring and addressable challenge is the absence of near real-time data and information. AHEAD 2017 explored how governments globally can benefit from increased digitisation in animal health. For effective monitoring, it is important to first understand the relevant tasks of each stakeholder in the food value chain. In these proceedings we openly discuss and define these tasks, identify existing challenges to completion of these tasks, and suggest the business opportunities overcoming these challenges can create. Through this publication, it is our intention to encourage open discussion, design and co-creation of an improved digital approach to animal health and drug usage in agriculture. The Workshop was sponsored by the OECD Co-operative Research Programme on Biological Resource Management for Sustainable Agricultural Systems, whose financial support made it possible for most of the invited speakers to participate in the Workshop. The opinions expressed and arguments employed in this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the OECD or of the governments of its Member countries
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9782889454662
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (326 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Millions of people worldwide are affected by neurological disorders which disrupt the connections within the brain and between brain and body causing impairments of primary functions and paralysis. Such a number is likely to increase in the next years and current assistive technology is yet limited. A possible response to such disabilities, offered by the neuroscience community, is given by Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMIs) and neuroprostheses. The latter field of research is highly multidisciplinary, since it involves very different and disperse scientific communities, making it fundamental to create connections and to join research efforts. Indeed, the design and development of neuroprosthetic devices span/involve different research topics such as: interfacing of neural systems at different levels of architectural complexity (from in vitro neuronal ensembles to human brain), bio-artificial interfaces for stimulation (e.g. micro-stimulation, DBS: Deep Brain Stimulation) and recording (e.g. EMG: Electromyography, EEG: Electroencephalography, LFP: Local Field Potential), innovative signal processing tools for coding and decoding of neural activity, biomimetic artificial Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) and neural network modeling. In order to develop functional communication with the nervous system and to create a new generation of neuroprostheses, the study of closed-loop systems is mandatory. It has been widely recognized that closed-loop neuroprosthetic systems achieve more favorable outcomes for users then equivalent open-loop devices. Improvements in task performance, usability, and embodiment have all been reported in systems utilizing some form of feedback. The bi-directional communication between living neurons and artificial devices is the main final goal of those studies. However, closed-loop systems are still uncommon in the literature, mostly due to requirement of multidisciplinary effort. Therefore, through eBook on closed-loop systems for next-generation neuroprostheses, we encourage an active discussion among neurobiologists, electrophysiologists, bioengineers, computational neuroscientists and neuromorphic engineers. This eBook aims to facilitate this process by ordering the 25 contributions of this research in which we highlighted in three different parts: (A) Optimization of different blocks composing the closed-loop system, (B) Systems for neuromodulation based on DBS, EMG and SNN and (C) Closed-loop BMIs for rehabilitation
    Note: English
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  • 58
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    ISBN: 9782889455980
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (129 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Over the past decades, the field of molecular imaging has been rapidly growing involving multiple disciplines such as medicine, biology, chemistry, pharmacology and biomedical engineering. Any molecular imaging procedure requires an imaging probe that is an agent used to visualize, characterize and quantify biological processes in living systems. Such a probe typically consists of an agent that usually produces signal for imaging purpose, a targeting moiety, and a linker connecting the targeting moiety and the signaling agent. Many challenging problems of molecular imaging can be addressed by exploiting the great possibilities offered by modern synthetic organic and coordination chemistry and the powerful procedures provided by conjugation chemistry. Thus, chemistry plays a decisive role in the development of this cutting-edge methodology. Currently, the diagnostic imaging modalities include Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Computed Tomography (CT), Ultrasound (US), Nuclear Imaging (PET, SPECT), Optical Imaging (OI) and Photoacoustic Imaging (PAI). Each of these imaging modalities has its own advantages and disadvantages, and therefore, a multimodal approach combining two techniques is often adopted to generate complementary anatomical and functional information of the disease. The basis for designing imaging probes for a given application is dictated by the chosen imaging modality, which in turn is dependent upon the concentration and localization profile (vascular, extracellular matrix, cell membrane, intracellular, near or at the cell nucleus) of the target molecule. The development of high-affinity ligands and their conjugation to the targeting vector is also one of the key steps for pursuing efficient molecular imaging probes. Other excellent reviews, text and monographs describe the principles of biomedical imaging, focusing on molecular biology or on the physics behind the techniques. This Research Topic aims to show how chemistry can offer molecular imaging the opportunity to express all its potential
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9782889455997
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (209 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Ecological and evolutionary genetics of plant-microbe interactions is of high importance for developing the plant science since the plants originated symbiotically (via incorporation of a phototrophic cyanobacterium into a heterotrophic eukaryon) and further evolve as the multipartite symbiotic systems, harboring the enormously diverse microbial communities. The Research Topic has integrated the top-level research on the genetic interactions in the plant-microbial associations required to develop the novel evolutionary approaches in the molecular and ecological genetics of different kinds of symbioses
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9782889455072
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (646 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The premise of neuroplasticity on enhancing cognitive functioning among healthy as well as cognitively impaired individuals across the lifespan, and the potential of harnessing these processes to prevent cognitive decline attract substantial scientific and public interest. Indeed, the systematic evidence base for cognitive training, video games, physical exercise and other forms of brain stimulation such as entrain brain activity is growing rapidly. This Research Topic (RT) focused on recent research conducted in the field of cognitive and brain plasticity induced by physical activity, different types of cognitive training, including computerized interventions, learning therapy, video games, and combined intervention approaches as well as other forms of brain stimulation that target brain activity, including electroencephalography and neurofeedback. It contains 49 contributions to the topic, including Original Research articles (37), Clinical Trials (2), Reviews (5), Mini Reviews (2), Hypothesis and Theory (1), and Corrections (2)
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9782889454969
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (311 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Recent years have seen im ...
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9782889454839
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (292 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The auditory perception of sounds (environmental, vocal or music) is one of the 5 principal senses consciously monitored by our brains, and is crucial for many human endeavors as well as quality of life. Loss of optimal performance in this principal sensory system leads to loss of effective communication and intimacy, as well as increased risk of isolation, depression, cognitive decline, and greater vulnerability to predators. The vestibular system ensures that individuals remain upright and effectively monitor their posture within their spatial surroundings, move effectively, and remain focused on visual targets during motion. The loss of vestibular sensitivity results in postural instability, falls, inability to observe the environment during motion, and a debilitating incapacity to function effectively. The sensory cells for both auditory and vestibular systems are located within the inner ear of the temporal bulla. There are many causes of auditory and vestibular deficits, including congenital (or genetic) events, trauma, aging and loud sound exposures. Ototoxicity refers to damage of the auditory or vestibular structures or functions, as the result of exposure to certain pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and/or ionizing radiation exposure that damage the inner ear. Ototoxicity is a major contributor to acquired hearing loss and vestibular deficits, and is entirely preventable. In 2009, the United States Department of Defense initiated the Hearing Center of Excellence (HCE), headquartered in San Antonio, Texas, in response to the prevalence of acquired auditory and vestibular deficits in military and veteran populations. The knowledge shared in this eBook supports the HCE’s mandate to improve aural protection of military and civilian populations worldwide. The last few years have seen significant advances in understanding the cellular mechanisms underlying ototoxic drug-induced hearing loss and vestibular deficits. In this eBook, we present some of these advances and highlight gaps where further research is needed. Selected articles discuss candidate otoprotective agents that can ameliorate the effects of ototoxicity in the context of how they illustrate cellular mechanisms of ototoxicity. Our goal in illustrating these advances in mechanisms of ototoxicity is to accelerate the development of clinical therapies that prevent or reverse this debilitating disorder
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  • 63
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    ISBN: 9782889453801
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (586 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Brain disorders, including neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions, represent a challenge for public health systems and society at large. The limited knowledge of their biology hampers the development of diagnostic tools and effective therapeutics. A clear understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the onset and progression of brain disorders is required in order to identify new avenues for therapeutic intervention.Overlapping genetic risk factors across different brain disorders suggest common linkages and pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie brain disorders. Methodological and technological advances are leading to new insights that go beyond traditional hypotheses. Taking account of underlying molecular, cellular and systems biology underlying brain function will play an important role in the classification of brain disorders in future.In this Research Topic, the latest advances in our understanding of biological mechanisms across different brain disorders are presented. The areas covered include developments in neurogenetics, epigenetics, plasticity, glial cell biology, neuroimmune interactions and new technologies associated with the study of brain function. Examples of how understanding of biological mechanisms are translating into research strategies that aim to advance diagnoses and treatment of brain disorders are discussed
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9782889454259
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (161 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Not only developed countries, but also most developing areas of the world, have experienced a surge in obesity prevalence over recent decades. Obesity complications are now among the leading causes of premature mortality, encompassing conditions such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. This places a heavy burden on contemporary healthcare systems. While rodent models have limitations as experimental models of human obesity-related disease, study of rats and mice either spontaneously prone - or resistant - to obesity, or genetically engineered to illuminate underlying mechanisms has yielded key information about the metabolic defects linked to obesity, and their associated diseases. This topic includes both original research studies and reviews of the use of animal studies in specific areas of obesity-related disease. Various methodological approaches are discussed, with evaluation of the extent to which use of animal models has facilitated progress, or, conversely, has proved a cul de sac in investigation of human disease mechanisms. Consideration is also given to future strategies to use such rodent models optimally to enhance comprehension and treatment of pandemic human obesity-related diseases
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9782889456581
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (109 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The repertoire of quantitative analytical techniques in disciplines such as ecology, decision science, and evolutionary biology has grown, in part enabled by the development and increased availability of computational resources. Integration of cutting-edge, quantitative tools into veterinary epidemiology that have been borrowed from such disciplines has offered opportunities to advance the study of disease dynamics in animal populations, to improve and guide decision-making related to disease prevention, control, or eradication. Furthermore, the need to explore new analytical methods for veterinary epidemiology has been driven by the increasing availability and complexity of animal disease data. The objective of this e-book is to contribute to current methods in epidemiology by 1) presenting and discussing novel analytical tools that help advance our understanding of epidemiology; and 2) demonstrating how inferences emerging from the application of novel analytical tools can be incorporated into decision-making related to animal health. The e-book constitutes a collection of articles that explore the applications of a variety of analytical methods such as machine learning, Bayesian risk assessment and an advanced form of social network analysis in the modern epidemiologic study of animal diseases
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9782889456321
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (609 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Legumes crops have an extraordinary importance for the agriculture and the environment. In a world urgently requiring more sustainable agriculture, food security and healthier diets the demand for legume crops is on the rise. The International Legume Society (http://ils.nsseme.com) organizes a triannual series of conferences with the goal to serve as a forum to discuss interdisciplinary progress on legume research. The Second International Legume Society Conference (ILS2) hosted in October 2016 at Troia, Portugal was the starting point for the Research Topic “Advances in Legume Research” in FiPS, that was also open to spontaneous submissions
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  • 67
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    ISBN: 9782889456239
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (206 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Vasopressin and its homologues are evolutionarily ancient neuropeptides that are important to the neural modulation of behavior in many species. Over the last several decades there has been an emergence of cross-species consensus with regards to the broad behavioral domains that the vasopressin system influences. However, there are nuanced species- and sex-differences in the functions of this system, as well as evidence for cross-talk between this system and the oxytocin system. For this Research Topic, reviews and research articles from investigators across the field were solicited, with the goal to highlight some of the complexity and diversity within this system. This collection challenges researchers to broaden their understanding of this system as well as identifies areas in which additional research is needed. Topic areas featured include: - System complexity - Sex and species differences - Developmental effects - Human and non-human primates
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  • 68
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    ISBN: 9782889454105
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Tissues and organs have, although sometimes limited, the capacity for endogenous repair, which is aimed to re-establish integrity and homeostasis. Tissue repair involves pro- and anti-inflammatory processes, new tissue formation and remodelling. Depending on the local microenvironment, tissue repair results either in scar tissue formation or in regeneration. The latter aims to recapitulate the original tissue structure and architecture with the proper functionality. Although some organisms (such as planarians) have a high regenerative capacity throughout the body, in humans this property is more restricted to a few organs and tissues. Regeneration in the adult is possible in particular through the existence of tissue-resident pools of stem/progenitor cells. In response to tissue damage, these cells are activated, they proliferate and migrate, and differentiate into mature cells. Angiogenesis and neovascularization play a crucial role in tissue repair. Besides providing with oxygen and nutrients, angiogenesis generates a vascular niche (VN) consisting of different blood-derived elements and endothelial cells surrounded by basement membrane as well as perivascular cells. The newly generated VN communicates with the local stem/progenitor cells and contributes to tissue repair. For example, platelets, macrophages, neutrophils, perivascular cells and other VN components actively participate in the repair of skin, bone, muscle, tendon, brain, spinal cord, etc. Despite these observations, the exact role of the VN in tissue repair and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear and are awaiting further evidence that, indeed, will be required for the development of regenerative therapies for the treatment of traumatic injuries as well as degenerative diseases
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  • 69
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    ISBN: 9782889455928
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (97 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Humans, animals and microorganisms all share the same planet, the last playing critical roles in the cycling of nitrogen and sulfur in nature and the degradation of organic materials. Unfortunately, micro-organismal populations also include infectious bacteria and viruses that cause diseases, with a few that have fatal consequences. We chose veterinary bacterial zoonoses as our Research Topic with the aim of delivering up-to-date scientific knowledge on the subject, addressing the topics of detection approaches, vaccine development and host immune response. Our Research Topic alludes to the One Health approach in addressing three important bacterial diseases, Brucella, Mycobacteria and Chlamydia. A short chapter also elaborates on a highly pathogenic field isolate of Mycobacterium avium spp. Avium and an atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O98 as evolving zoonotic risks. The cover illustration is intended to raise our awareness of the fact that pets play a role in our life as passionate and compassionate friends, but that they also pose a health risk due to carrying a bacterial or a viral zoonotic agent. We hope our Research Topic will further the pursuit of these topics and spark research in other important diseases
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9782889454938
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Understanding the many complexities that define gender inequality has been described by researchers as a grand challenge. Novel insights, innovation, a broader community to conduct research and to ascertain effective interventions are essential in the challenge to create organizations that are gender equal. As such, this Research Topic in Frontiers in Psychology addresses the under-representation of women in engineering and computing as a complex, but solvable problem. This Research Topic seeks to inform the global community about advances in understanding the under-representation of women in engineering and computing with a focus on what enables change. Further, this Topic will promote fresh perspectives, innovative methodologies, and mixed method approaches important to accelerating the pace of change
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9782889454808
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (253 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: The considerable number of viral infectious disease threats that have emerged since the beginning of the 21st century have shown the need to dispose global and coordinated responses to fight properly and efficiently against them. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (2003), avian influenza in humans (2005), A(H1N1) pandemic influenza (2009), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) (2012 onward) and Ebola virus disease (2014-2015) are some of the most important examples. The latest emerging and devastating threat was Zika virus, an arbovirus that provoked more than 500,000 suspicious cases in the Americas in 2016 and notable processes of social and medical alarms due to the evidence of a causal link between Zika virus and several congenital injuries, like microcephaly, as well as due to its association with neurological disorders such as Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults (PAHO, 2017). In the framework of this global response and multistrategic approach, the purpose of this Research Topic is to provide updated information and novel researches about control strategies, encompassing virological, entomological and epidemiological data, in order to reach the triad of protagonists of transmission cycles (virus, mosquitoes and humans)
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  • 72
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    ISBN: 9782889454433
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (142 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: A field of theory and research is evolving around the question highlighted in the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis: How does high realism in anthropomorphic design influence human experience and behaviour? The Uncanny Valley Hypothesis posits that a very humanlike character or object (e.g., robot, prosthetic limb, doll) can evoke a negative affective (i.e., uncanny) state. Recent advances in robotic and computer-graphic technologies in simulating aspects of human appearance, behaviour and interaction have been accompanied, therefore, by theorising and research on the meaning and relevance of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis for anthropomorphic design. Current understanding of the "uncanny" idea is still fragmentary and further original research is needed. However, the emerging picture indicates that the relationship between humanlike realism and subjective experience and behaviour may not be as straightforward as the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis suggests. This Research Topic brings together researchers from traditionally separate domains (including robotics, computer graphics, cognitive science, psychology and neuroscience) to provide a snapshot of current work in this field. A diversity of issues and questions are addressed in contributions that include original research, review, theory, and opinion papers
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  • 73
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    ISBN: 9782889454419
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (183 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: DNA damage response (DDR) ...
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  • 74
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    ISBN: 9782889454358
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Ecosystems and their constituent species the world over face a barrage of ongoing, and often escalating, threats. Conservation efforts aim to reduce the impact of these threats to ensure that global biodiversity continues to provide essential ecosystem services. As is most often the case, these efforts to protect threatened species and their environments are constrained by limited resources. Conservation biologists have therefore had to increase the efficiency of their conservation practices to deliver the greatest benefit at the lowest cost. This requires decision making using the best available knowledge to prioritise actions. A concept that has received considerable attention in this area is that of conservation triage. This eBook brings together perspectives from researchers and conservation practitioners who share their views and results in an effort to extend the discussion on this topic. A number of the papers in this eBook tackle the philosophical elements of conservation triage, while others take a more directed practical approach providing examples from conservation practice globally
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  • 75
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    ISBN: 9782889456086
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (296 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Activity of the multi-functional networked neurons depends on their intrinsic states and bears both cell- and network-defined features. Firing patterns of a neuron are conventionally attributed to spatial-temporal organization of inputs received from the network-mates via synapses, in vast majority dendritic. This attribution reflects widespread views of the within-cell job sharing, such that the main function of the dendrites is to receive signals and deliver them to the axo-somatic trigger zone, which actually generates the output pattern. However, these views are now revisited due to finding of active, non-linear properties of the dendritic membrane practically in neurons of practically all explored types. Like soma and axon, the dendrites with active membrane are able to generate self-maintained, propagating depolarizations and thus share intrinsic pattern-forming role with the trigger zone. Unlike the trigger zone, the dendrites have complex geometry, which is subject to developmental, activity-dependent, or neurodegenerative changes. Structural features of the arborization inevitably impact on electrical states and cooperative behavior of its constituting parts at different levels of organization, from sub-trees and branches to voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels populating the dendritic membrane. More than two decades of experimental and computer simulation studies have brought numerous phenomenological demonstrations of influence of the dendritic structure on neuronal firing patterns. A necessary step forward is to comprehend these findings and build a firm theoretical basis, including quantitative relationships between geometrical and electrical characteristics determining intrinsic activity of neurons. The articles in this eBook represent progress achieved in a broad circle of laboratories studied various aspects of structure and function of the neuronal dendrites. The authors elucidate new details of dendritic mechanisms underlying intrinsic activity patterns in neurons and highlight important questions that remain open in this important domain of cellular and computational neuroscience
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9782889454334
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (172 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Pathogenic Escherichia co ...
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9782889455676
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: There is a large market d ...
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9782889456482
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Across diverse academic f ...
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  • 79
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    ISBN: 9782889454327
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (338 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) represent the minimal antigen binding-competent form of the immunoglobulin domain and have unique properties and applications. SdAbs are naturally produced as the variable domains of the heavy chain-only antibodies of camelid ruminants and cartilaginous fishes, but can also be engineered synthetically from autonomous human or mouse VH or VL domains. The scope of this research topic and associated e-book covers current understanding and new developments in (i) the biology, immunology and immunogenetics of sdAbs in camelids and cartilaginous fishes, (ii) strategies for sdAb discovery, (iii) protein engineering approaches to increase the solubility, stability and antigen-binding affinity of sdAbs and (iv) specialized applications of sdAbs in areas such diagnostics, imaging and therapeutics
    Note: English
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  • 80
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    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    ISBN: 9782889455461
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes, now recognized as members of a larger family of “Innate lymphoid cells” (ILCs). Both murine and human NK cells are well characterized effector cells with cytotoxic as well as cytokine production ability which mainly react in response to microbial and cell stress stimuli, thus playing a central role in the defense against pathogen infection, in tumor surveillance and in regulating immune homeostasis. Despite these established concepts, our understanding of the complexity of NK cells, also in view of their developmental and functional relationship with other ILC subsets, is only recently emerging. This Research Topic highlights the recent advances in NK cell (and ILC) research in human and mouse from basic research to clinical applications
    Note: English
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9782889456130
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (217 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: In 2003, Rachel A. Volber ...
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9782889454426
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Since the discovery of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at the beginning of 1970s, it has been believed that GnRH is the only hypothalamic neuropeptide that regulates gonadotropin release in vertebrates. In 2000, however, a novel hypothalamic neuropeptide that actively inhibits gonadotropin release was discovered in Japanese quail and termed gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH). Following seventeen years of research has revealed that GnIH is highly conserved across vertebrates including humans, and GnIH is involved in a number of physiological and behavioral functions related to reproduction. The aim of this e-book is to celebrate the discovery of GnIH and the progress of GnIH research by collecting review and original articles from leading scientists in this new research field
    Note: English
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9782889453856
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Genetic variations may change the structure and function of individual proteins as well as affect their interactions with other proteins and thereby impact metabolic processes dependent on protein-protein interactions. For example, cytochrome P450 proteins, which metabolize a vast array of drugs, steroids and other xenobiotics, are dependent on interactions with redox and allosteric partner proteins for their localization, stability, (catalytic) function and metabolic diversity (reactions). Genetic variations may impact such interactions by changing the splicing and/or amino acid sequence which in turn may impact protein topology, localization, post translational modifications and three dimensional structure. More generally, research on single gene defects and their role in disease, as well as recent large scale sequencing studies suggest that a large number of genetic variations may contribute to disease not only by affecting gene function or expression but also by modulating complex protein interaction networks.The aim of this research topic is to bring together researchers working in the area of drug, steroid and xenobiotic metabolism who are studying protein-protein interactions, to describe their recent advances in the field. We are aiming for a comprehensive analysis of the subject from different approaches including genetics, proteomics, transcriptomics, structural biology, biochemistry and pharmacology. Of particular interest are papers dealing with translational research describing the role of novel genetic variations altering protein-protein interaction. Authors may submit original articles, reviews and opinion or hypothesis papers dealing with the role of protein-protein interactions in health and disease
    Note: English
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  • 84
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    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    ISBN: 9782889454464
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) remains the prime bacterial infection worldwide with 10.4 million infections and a death toll of 1.7 million people in 2016 according to WHO statistics. Tuberculosis is caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, facultative intracellular bacteria able to thrive within otherwise potent innate defense cells, the macrophages. In a world of increasing numbers of infections with drug resistant M. tuberculosis strains, the daunting race between developing new therapeutics and emerging resistant strains will hardly produce a winner. This cycle can only be broken by enhancing population wide immune control through a better vaccine as the only one currently in use, M. bovis Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG). The protective efficacy of BCG against pulmonary tuberculosis in all age groups is dissatisfying and geographically highly diverse with the tropical areas showing the lowest efficacy rates. Despite worldwide vaccination coverage, the impact of BCG on the steep decrease of tuberculosis incidence rates in the developed world seems therefore questionable and can rather be attributed to improved social, housing and nutritional conditions, better health care, surveillance and treatment systems. The last 15 years saw tremendous efforts to improve vaccination strategies against tuberculosis. Different paths of vaccine approaches were followed including genetically improved BCG strains, attenuated M. tuberculosis variants, recombinant viral vectors and subunit vaccine candidates combined with novel more potent adjuvants. With the first novel vaccine candidates being evaluated in clinical phases II and III and initial results chastening the expectations, a critical reassessment of all candidates is inevitable. Here, we assembled experts to review and assess the current status of novel anti-tuberculosis vaccine candidates, their efficacy and prospects for implementation as well as the pitfalls and possible measures for improvement
    Note: English
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  • 85
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    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    ISBN: 9782889453849
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (133 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Mathematical models are useful tools to understand the epidemiology and agent-host interaction of diseases. They are developed and applied since over a century, but with increasing computer capacity, they become increasingly prominent as part of evidence based decision making. Mathematical models are frequently used to construct preparedness and contingency plans for highly contagious diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease. This allows proposing effective strategies to control the spread of the disease in case of an incursion, and avails useful tools to support decision making during an outbreak. They are also used to monitor, prevent and control endemic diseases within populations or farms. In addition, mathematical models improve our understanding of the contact structure between farms, pointing out risky elements in the contact network for disease introduction or further spread within the population. This Research Topic presents valuable studies presenting different aspects and implementations of mathematical modeling for disease spread and control in the veterinary field. The areas covered include model construction, network analysis, tools for decision makers, and cost-effective control of endemic diseases
    Note: English
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  • 86
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    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    ISBN: 9782889455256
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (327 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is one of the shared prominent hallmarks among various forms of neurodegeneration. Depending on the milieu in which microglia become activated, the polarization of microglia shows to be heterogeneous with diverse functional phenotypes that range from pro-inflammatory phenotypes to immunosuppressive phenotypes. Therefore, targeting microglial polarization holds great promise for the treatment of neurodegeneration. This eBook focuses on the potential mechanisms of microglial polarization that are critically associated with a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington’s disease (HD), Traumatic brain injury (TBI), glaucomatous neurodegeneration and prion diseases. This topic also involves the therapeutic targeting of microglial polarization by nutritional and pharmacological modulators. Moreover, this topic describes advanced technologies employed for studying microglia. Age-related changes in microglia functions are also discussed. Overall, this eBook provides comprehensive understandings of microglial polarization in the course of neurodegeneration, linking with aging-related microglial alterations and technologies developed for microglial studies. Hopefully, it will also give comprehensive insights into various aspects of therapeutic treatment for neurodegeneration, through targeting microglial polarization
    Note: English
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  • 87
    ISBN: 9782889455386
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (138 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Marine bacteria and archaea are key players in the biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen, carbon, and other elements. One important lineage of marine bacteria is the Roseobacter group. Members of this clade are the most abundant bacteria in marine ecosystems constituting up to 25% of the marine bacterioplankton. They have been detected in various marine habitats from coastal regions to deep-sea sediments and from polar regions to tropical latitudes. These bacteria are physiologically and genetically very versatile. Utilization of several organic and inorganic compounds, sulfur oxidation, aerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis, carbon monoxide oxidation, DMSP demethylation, and production of secondary metabolites are some of the important functional traits found in this clade. Moreover, several isolates are available allowing in-depth analysis of physiological and genetic characteristics. Although the Roseobacter group has been intensively studied in recent years, our understanding of its ecological contributions and the evolutionary processes shaping the genomes of this clade is still rather limited
    Note: English
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9782889456192
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Melt takes place where the surface of glaciers or ice sheets interacts with the atmosphere. While the processes governing surface melt are fairly well understood, the pathways of the meltwater, from its origin to the moment it leaves a glacier system, remain enigmatic. It is not even guaranteed that meltwater leaves a glacier or ice sheet. On Greenland, for example, only slightly more than 50% of the meltwater runs off. The remainder mostly refreezes within the so-called firn cover of the ice sheet. This eBook contains 11 studies which tackle the challenge of understanding meltwater retention in snow and firn from various angles. The studies focus both on mountain glaciers and on the Greenland ice sheet and address challenges such as measuring firn properties, quantifying their influence on meltwater retention, modelling firn processes and meltwater refreezing as well as unravelling the mechanisms within the recently discovered Greenland firn aquifers
    Note: English
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9782889454815
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (301 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Pathophysiological processes in brain-injured patients can be assessed with an array of methods, with a goal to identify potentially deleterious events, guide treatments and avoid further deterioration. This eBook provides an in-depth exploration into different aspects of neuro-critical care monitoring and how new tools and strategies may be utilized to improve patient outcomes
    Note: English
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  • 90
    ISBN: 9782889453924
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (141 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: For 5 years, the Peripheral Nervous System-Machine Interfaces workgroup has dedicated itself to the recruitment of researchers, clinicians, and general public in a unified effort to advance the frontier of restoration of quality of life to those with limb deficiency. Our group's mission is to bring together experts from various domains to identify promising new technologies and new opportunities for inquiry and discovery in prosthetics research. This e-Book collects 10 cutting edge research articles written by members of the workgroup, covering three domains prioritized by the workgroup: novel prosthetic technology, approaches for reducing device rejection, and prosthetic control. In our summary editorial, we four principals of the workgroup reflect on our first 5 years, and project our vision for the future, as the Society for Prosthetics
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  • 91
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    ISBN: 9782889456543
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (93 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Hypertension and its resultant complications do occur in childhood and track into adulthood. It’s estimated that 〉 3% of all children have hypertension, with an even greater prevalence among obese children (20-47%). The etiology of hypertension is generally described as primary (essential) or secondary with most secondary causes related to cardio-renal disease. While primary hypertension is on the rise, all children should undergo an evaluation to investigate for a secondary cause of their hypertension. Mild to moderate hypertension is most commonly asymptomatic but may be associated with subtle cardiac, renal, neurological and/or psychosocial
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  • 92
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    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    ISBN: 9782889455621
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: After more than three decades of paleoecological research, the potential role of climatic and anthropogenic drivers on Easter Island's ecological and cultural change is still under discussion. This eBook aims to provide a synthetic view of the topic using evidence from different research fields such as paleoecology, archaeology, history and molecular phylogenetics. A holistic approach is provided to combine the results of these research fields into a comprehensive framework able to account for most of the available multidisciplinary evidence.〈/p〉〈p〉This eBook is dedicated to the memory of John R. Flenley, the pioneer of paleoecological study of Easter Island, who passed away on June 22, 2018
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  • 93
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    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    ISBN: 9782889454020
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (351 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Plants have been exposed to multiple environmental stressors on long-term (seasonal) and short-term (daily) basis since their appearance on land. However, the frequency and the intensity of stress events have increased much during the last three decades because of climate change. Plants have developed, however, a multiplicity of modular and highly integrated strategies to cope with challenges imposed by novel, usually harsher environments. These strategies include migration, acclimation and adaptation. Twelve articles in this research topic exactly focus on the relative significance of these response mechanisms for the successful acclimation of plants to a wide range of novel environmental pressures. Four articles , additionally, explore how plants respond to severe stress conditions resulting from the concurrent action of multiple stressors. Ten articles mostly examine how morpho-anatomical, physiological and biochemical-related traits integrate when plants suffer from ‘novel’ threats, such as solid, gaseous, and electromagnetic pollutants. Suitable physiological indicators for developing conservation strategies are described in the last two works. This research topic highlights that bottom-up, as well as, top-down approaches will be necessary to develop in near future in the study of plants´ responses to environmental pressures
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  • 94
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    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    ISBN: 9782889456666
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (122 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Chronic pain is a relevan ...
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9782889456642
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (330 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Parenthood represents a fundamental construct that identifies the quality of early adult-infant interactions. In both short and long period, relationships, as primary interactional experiences, have an essential role in influencing individual’s adjustment and psychopathology development during in lifetime. In this scenario, the most important areas of interest and innovation are (a) parents’ representation of themselves, both in relation to the child and to their care-giving role; (b) the quality of couple relationship, in terms of both conjugal and co-parental bounds, and its influence on the quality of early mother-father-child interactions; (c) the early models of caregiver-baby interaction; (d) the recent approach to the “maternal brain”, that represents the contribution coming from neurosciences, linked to the adult’s activation and cerebral functioning processes, in association with the parental role. These data are a starting point for the individuation of functioning mechanisms and developmental trajectories of parenting in groups of adults and babies, belonging to normative populations. At the same time, those studies may provide an important introduction to the detection of critical and/or dysfunctional aspects in populations of babies and adults at risk (e.g. preterm babies, adopted children, etc.) or in adults’ clinical group (e.g. a depressed parents, addicted parents, etc.) or in children with one or more impaired characteristic (e.g. children with organic diseases, with autistic disorders, etc.).. The present Research Topic puts the attention on these themes, particularly, considering the possible aftermaths that empirical research may have on planning and realizing interventional models to support the parental functioning. We will consider papers focused on the individuation of methods of observation and assessment, which allow to plan and realize prevention programs and/or interventions, primarily focused on parental support, both in the early stadium of the child’s development and in the long-term period. Thus, the focus is both on the prevention and sustenance sphere and, also, on specific manners of taking on the therapeutic responsibility of the adult-infant relationship
    Note: English
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9782889453764
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (303 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: This research topic highlights the most recent accomplishments of a Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) Working Group, SCOR WG 139: Organic Ligands - A Key Control on Trace Metal Biogeochemistry in the Ocean
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  • 97
    ISBN: 9782889454570
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (111 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: This eBook presents illustrative examples of genetic chaperonopathies affecting primarily nerves and muscles and discusses molecular mechanisms and treatment targeting chaperones, i.e., chaperonotherapy
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9782889453955
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: This forum of comprehensive reviews and research studies on distinct aspects of the pathophysiology of BAV aortopathy provides both the state of the art in the knowledge on this complex disease and novel insights into its causes and consequences. The present collection of focused papers also envisions and proposes new therapeutic strategies, novel biomarkers and original risk stratification criteria, for the improvement of patient management
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  • 99
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    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    ISBN: 9782889453962
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (121 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Human CD8+ T cells expressing NK receptors and receptors found on innate immune cells, and designated as NK-like or innate CD8+ T cells, have been long considered as terminally differentiated lymphocytes responsible for tissue inflammation and destruction. However, a growing body of knowledge is unveiling that NK-like CD8+ T cells have many, sometimes contrasting, functions. The limited knowledge of the biology of this type of CD8+ T cells and the role they play within peripheral tissues and organs under homeostatic conditions has hampered our understanding of disease and therefore the possible development of disease diagnostic tools and effective immunotherapies. In this Research Topic are presented a variety of topics and views, some of them overlooked for many years, on human NK-like CD8+ T cells, which may open new and novel avenues of research to further our understanding of these polyfunctional T cells
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  • 100
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    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Frontiers Media SA
    ISBN: 9782889455355
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (95 p.)
    Series Statement: Frontiers Research Topics
    Abstract: Tumor immunotherapy has now shown its promise for many, its disappointments and failings for others. Going forward, brain tumor patients can both benefit and contribute. Tumor immunotherapy is steadily progressing. As experience accumulates, it is important to consider its generality. The reviews herein emphasize the brain’s place among other tumor sites. Two major topics are addressed. THE SITE: WHAT CAN WE EXPECT FROM IMMUNOTHERAPY WHEN THE TARGET IS IN THE BRAIN? Experience with immunotherapy for different targets in the brain, including tumor and also pathogens, is reviewed. Long-standing assumptions are confronted. The potential for beneficial responses is stressed. BRAIN TUMOR IMMUNOTHERAPY: WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED SO FAR? Clinical experience with brain tumor immunotherapy, from a variety of centers, is reviewed. Primary tumors, emphasizing glioblastoma, and brain metastases are each considered
    Note: English
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