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The effects of the EU Fit for 55 package on labour markets and the demand for skills (2023)

Borgonovi, Francesca [VerfasserIn] ; Lanzi, Elisa [MitwirkendeR] ; Seitz, Helke [MitwirkendeR] ; [et al.]

Paris : OECD Publishing

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Language: English

Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.) , 21 x 28cm.

Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.297

Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Environment

Abstract: This paper quantifies changes in employment and the demand for skills in the European Union following the implementation of Fit for 55 policies. Between 2019 and 2030, the economy is projected to grow by 1.3% in the Fit for 55 scenario (3% in a Baseline scenario without the Fit for 55 policies). Employment growth is projected to be lower in the Fit for 55 than the Baseline scenario. Employment in the Fit for 55 scenario is projected to decrease by 3% for blue collar and farm workers (2% in the Baseline) and increase by 4 5% for other occupations (5-6% in the Baseline). The most demanded skills following the implementation of Fit for 55 will be those related to inter personal communication and the use of digital technologies, whereas the demand for skills related to the use of traditional tools and technologies is projected to decline. Anticipating changes in employment and the demand for skills as well as the socio-demographic profile of those most affected can facilitate the design of upskilling and reskilling efforts and promote the reallocation of workers across sectors and occupations.

DOI: 10.1787/6c16baac-en

URL: lizenzpflichtig

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Not lost in translation : The implications of machine translation technologies for language professionals and for broader society (2023)

Borgonovi, Francesca [VerfasserIn] ; Hervé, Justine [MitwirkendeR] ; Seitz, Helke [MitwirkendeR]

Paris : OECD Publishing

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Language: English

Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.

Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.291

Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Canada ; France ; Germany ; Italy ; New Zealand ; Singapore ; Sweden ; United Kingdom ; United States

Abstract: The paper discusses the implications of recent advances in artificial intelligence for knowledge workers, focusing on possible complementarities and substitution between machine translation tools and language professionals. The emergence of machine translation tools could enhance social welfare through enhanced opportunities for inter-language communication but also create new threats because of persisting low levels of accuracy and quality in the translation output. The paper uses data on online job vacancies to map the evolution of the demand for language professionals between 2015 and 2019 in 10 countries and illustrates the set of skills that are considered important by employers seeking to hire language professionals through job vacancies posted on line.

DOI: 10.1787/e1d1d170-en

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Emerging trends in AI skill demand across 14 OECD countries (2023)

Borgonovi, Francesca [VerfasserIn] ; Calvino, Flavio [MitwirkendeR] ; Criscuolo, Chiara [MitwirkendeR] ; [et al.]

Paris : OECD Publishing

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Language: English

Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.

Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.2

Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services

Abstract: This report analyses the demand for positions that require skills needed to develop or work with AI systems across 14 OECD countries between 2019 and 2022. It finds that, despite rapid growth in the demand for AI skills, AI-related online vacancies comprised less than 1% of all job postings and were predominantly found in sectors such as ICT and Professional Services. Skills related to Machine Learning were the most sought after. The US-focused part of the study reveals a consistent demand for socio-emotional, foundational, and technical skills across all AI employers. However, leading firms – those who posted the most AI jobs – exhibited a higher demand for AI professionals combining technical expertise with leadership, innovation, and problem-solving skills, underscoring the importance of these competencies in the AI field.

DOI: 10.1787/7c691b9a-en

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The environmental sustainability competence toolbox : From leaving a better planet for our children to leaving better children for our planet (2022)

Borgonovi, Francesca [VerfasserIn] ; Brussino, Ottavia [MitwirkendeR] ; Seitz, Helke [MitwirkendeR] ; [et al.]

Paris : OECD Publishing

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Language: English

Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.) , 21 x 28cm.

Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.275

Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Environment ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Bulgaria ; Canada ; Chile ; Colombia ; Costa Rica ; Croatia ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Greece ; Hungary ; Iceland ; Ireland ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Luxembourg ; Malta ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Romania ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Türkiye ; United Kingdom ; United States

Abstract: The paper is the second in a series of two papers mapping young people’s environmental sustainability competence in EU and OECD countries that were prepared as background for the forthcoming OECD Skills Outlook 2023 publication. The papers are the results of a collaboration between the OECD Centre for Skills and the European Commission - Joint Research Centre (Unit B4) on students’ environmental sustainability competence. The first paper is titled ‘Young people’s environmental sustainability competence: Emotional, cognitive, behavioural and attitudinal dimensions in EU and OECD countries.

DOI: 10.1787/27991ec0-en

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Global warming, pollution and cognitive developments : The effects of high pollution and temperature levels on cognitive ability throughout the life course (2022)

Horvath, Diana [VerfasserIn] ; Borgonovi, Francesca [MitwirkendeR]

Paris : OECD Publishing

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Language: English

Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.) , 21 x 28cm.

Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.269

Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Environment

Abstract: Global warming and air pollution threaten human health, economic prosperity and human capital accumulation. The current review presents empirical findings on the effect of adverse environmental conditions on cognition, with a focus on pollution and high temperatures. The review takes a life-course perspective and quantifies both the direct and indirect effects of cumulative and transitory exposure to adverse conditions on cognition starting in-utero all the way to exposure in old age. The review makes clear that exposure to pollutants and high temperatures has economically meaningful costs for both individuals and societies, stemming from lower human capital accumulation. Furthermore, the evidence presented indicates that adverse environmental conditions have large distributional consequences, leading to widening disparities in educational opportunities both across countries and across socio-economic groups within-countries. The review discusses the mechanisms underpinning these effects and explores policies that have the potential to mitigate the negative impact of adverse conditions on cognition.

DOI: 10.1787/319b9a1f-en

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Swimming skills around the world : Evidence on inequalities in life skills across and within countries (2022)

Borgonovi, Francesca [VerfasserIn] ; Seitz, Helke [MitwirkendeR] ; Vogel, Irina [MitwirkendeR]

Paris : OECD Publishing

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Language: English

Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.

Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.281

Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Bulgaria ; Canada ; Chile ; Colombia ; Costa Rica ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hong Kong, China ; Hungary ; Iceland ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Lithuania ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Switzerland ; Türkiye ; United Kingdom ; United States

Abstract: Being able to swim empowers individuals to make choices, have agency, and be free to choose core aspects of their life, such as working safely on or near water. It is also associated with lifelong health benefits and reduces the risk of drowning. Using data from the Lloyd’s Register Foundation World Risk Poll 2019, this paper provides the first global estimates of adults’ ability to swim without assistance. Individuals in high-income countries are considerably more likely to report being able to swim without assistance than individuals in low-income countries. Disparities also exist within countries. In particular, women are less likely to be able to swim without assistance than men in virtually all countries, birth cohorts, and levels of education. Investing in reducing inequalities in life skills, such as swimming, can foster economic development and empowerment, especially in light of threats, such as climate change.

DOI: 10.1787/0c2c8862-en

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Understanding how economic conditions and natural disasters shape environmental attitudes : A cross-country comparison to inform policy making (2022)

Asai, Kentaro [VerfasserIn] ; Borgonovi, Francesca [MitwirkendeR] ; Wildi, Sarah [MitwirkendeR]

Paris : OECD Publishing

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Language: English

Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.) , 21 x 28cm.

Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.280

Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Canada ; Chile ; Colombia ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Iceland ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; Türkiye

Abstract: Understanding adults’ attitudes towards the environment is necessary to gauge the opportunities and challenges of creating effective and politically-feasible climate policies. Using data from the Wellcome Global Monitor 2020, the European Social Survey (Round 8), World Values Survey and EM-DAT, this paper examines how adults’ environmental attitudes vary within and across countries and details how environmental attitudes are associated with adults’ engagement in pro-environmental behaviours and support for environmentally-friendly policies. The paper explores whether the extent to which individuals prioritise the environment over the state of the economy or vice versa depends on individuals’ exposure to natural disasters or negative labour market conditions. Results indicate that people’s economic vulnerability and the sectors they work in impact their attitudes towards their environment and support for public policy. Furthermore, the findings suggest that increases in unemployment and exposure to natural disasters influence the extent to which individuals prioritise the environment.

DOI: 10.1787/8e880ea2-en

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Young people’s environmental sustainability competence : Emotional, cognitive, behavioural, and attitudinal dimensions in EU and OECD countries (2022)

Borgonovi, Francesca [VerfasserIn] ; Brussino, Ottavia [MitwirkendeR] ; Seitz, Helke [MitwirkendeR] ; [et al.]

Paris : OECD Publishing

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Language: English

Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (91 p.) , 21 x 28cm.

Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.274

Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Environment ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Bulgaria ; Canada ; Chile ; Colombia ; Costa Rica ; Croatia ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Iceland ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Luxembourg ; Malta ; Mexico ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Romania ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; Türkiye ; United Kingdom ; United States

Abstract: The paper is the first in a series of two papers mapping young people’s environmental sustainability competence in EU and OECD countries that were prepared as background for the forthcoming OECD Skills Outlook 2023 publication. The papers are the results of a collaboration between the OECD Centre for Skills and the European Commission - Joint Research Centre (Unit B4) on students’ environmental sustainability competence. The second paper is titled: ‘The environmental sustainability competence toolbox: From leaving a better planet to our children to leaving better children for our planet’.

DOI: 10.1787/1097a78c-en

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