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  • HeBIS  (17)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank | Washington, D.C. : The World Bank Group
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 pages)
    Series Statement: International Development in Focus
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 304.854
    Keywords: GCC Countries ; Guest Workers ; Intermediary Fees ; Macroeconomic Stability ; Migrant Workers ; Migration ; Migration Costs ; Remittances ; Return Migration ; Temporary Migration
    Abstract: International migration for temporary employment is key to South Asia's development path, in terms of both jobs and remittance flows. Overseas markets are a critical source of employment for South Asian economies that may not be able to absorb workers sufficiently or quickly enough into the domestic labor market. Migrant workers typically experience wage gains of at least three times their earnings back home, in addition to acquiring new skills and accumulating savings that can be used to start up entrepreneurial activities upon returning home. Remittances sent by migrants while abroad also boost household consumption and support macroeconomic stability in countries of origin. However, multiple challenges exist that prevent migration from achieving its full development potential. These challenges include high monetary costs, information gaps on employment opportunities in destination countries, a lack of protection while abroad, and high concentrations of migrants in few sectors and destinations. These often prevent the poorest from migrating overseas and may place those who actually migrate in situations of considerable vulnerability. Building on rigorous analytics, this book highlights policy actions that can be taken at all stages of the migration life cycle, including after return, to minimize the risks and maximize the benefits of migration for migrants themselves, their families, and the home economy. The book provides policy options to address information gaps on employment opportunities overseas at the departure stage, to prepare migrants adequately for their experience overseas, to diversify destinations and occupations abroad, and to maximize the benefits of return migration
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank | Washington, D.C. : The World Bank Group
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 pages)
    DDC: 305.5620956
    Keywords: Capital ; Competition ; Connectiveness ; Contestability ; Jobs ; Labor Markets ; Labor Regulation ; Product Market ; Productivity ; Social Contract ; Structural Change ; Workers
    Abstract: A decade since the spark of the Arab Spring, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region continues to suffer from limited creation of more and better jobs. Youth face idleness and unemployment. For those who find jobs, informality awaits. Few women attempt to enter the world of work at all. Meanwhile, the available jobs are not those of the future. These labor market outcomes are being worsened by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. 'Jobs Undone: Reshaping the Role of Governments toward Markets and Workers in the Middle East and North Africa' explores ways to break these impasses, drawing on original research, survey data, wide-ranging literature, and young entrepreneurial voices from the region. The report finds that a prominent reason behind MENA's unmet jobs challenge is a lack of market contestability in the formal private sector. Few firms in the region enter the market, few grow, and those that exit are not necessarily less productive. Moreover, firms in the region invest little in physical capital, human capital, or research and development, and they tend to be politically connected. At the macro level, economic growth has been mediocre, labor productivity is not being driven by structural change, and the growth of the stock of capital per capita has declined. New evidence generated for this report shows that the lack of dynamism is due to the prevalence of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). They operate in sectors where there is little economic rationale for public activity and they enjoy favorable treatment--flouting the principles of competitive neutrality. Meanwhile, labor regulations add to market rigidity, while gendered laws restrict women's potential. To change this reality, the state must reshape its relationship toward markets, toward workers, (...)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank | Washington, D.C. : The World Bank Group
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 pages)
    Series Statement: International Development in Focus
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 304.25
    Keywords: Climate and Health ; Climate Change ; Climate Variability ; Dengue ; Household Data ; Infectious Diseases ; Mental Health ; Seasonal Illness ; Seasonality ; Urban Challenges ; Urban Rural Migration
    Abstract: Bangladesh's vulnerability to the effects of climate change is well documented; the evidence on the direct relationship between climate change and health focusing on Bangladesh is less so. Global evidence suggests intensification of climate change will increase incidences and variations of infectious diseases. Climate Afflictions contributes to filling this important knowledge gap. It includes a systematic review of existing literature on the relationship between climate change and health, distinguishing between climate change and variability. It establishes the relationship between climate variability and infectious diseases and mental health using household-level data. It also documents changes in climate patterns in Bangladesh over the past 44 years using monthly meteorological data. Overall, the report finds a strong relationship between infectious diseases, mental health, and climate variability. Based on analyses of primary data, it concludes that the prevalence of vector-borne diseases is higher during the monsoon than dry seasons, while the opposite is true for waterborne illnesses. Meanwhile, rising humidity and mean temperature are positively associated with respiratory illnesses. In terms of mental health conditions, while temperature is negatively correlated to depression, anxiety among individuals is likely to increase with temperature and humidity. Irrespective of the season, morbidity and mental health issues are highest in densely populated urban hubs such as Dhaka and Chattogram compared to other areas. The mean temperature in Bangladesh has increased by 0.5 degree C between 1976 and 2019. Overall, summers are becoming hotter and longer, the monsoon season is extending, and winters are becoming warmer. Consequently, Bangladesh is on the path to (...)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464811036
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Urban Development
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 305.569095
    Abstract: Urbanization in East Asia and the Pacific has created enormous opportunity for many. Yet the rapid growth of cities can also create challenges as national and local governments try to keep up with the needs of their growing populations. Among these challenges is a lack of affordable housing, resulting in increasing slums, deficits in basic service provision, and widening inequality for urban dwellers. This study aims to better understand urban poverty and inequality in East Asian cities, recognizing that many countries of the region, particularly those of middle-income status, are at a critical juncture in their urbanization and growth process where potential social divisions in cities could harm prospects for future poverty reduction. The study uses a multidimensional approach to understand urban poverty and inclusion and draws on examples of programs and policies that have been successfully implemented in the East Asia region to develop a set of guiding principles for policy makers
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464807749
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Research Reports
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 306.2
    Abstract: Governments fail to provide the public goods needed for development when its leaders knowingly and deliberately ignore sound technical advice or are unable to follow it, despite the best of intentions, because of political constraints. This report focuses on two forces-citizen engagement and transparency-that hold the key to solving government failures by shaping how political markets function. Citizens are not only queueing at voting booths, but are also taking to the streets and using diverse media to pressure, sanction and select the leaders who wield power within government, including by entering as contenders for leadership. This political engagement can function in highly nuanced ways within the same formal institutional context and across the political spectrum, from autocracies to democracies. Unhealthy political engagement, when leaders are selected and sanctioned on the basis of their provision of private benefits rather than public goods, gives rise to government failures. The solutions to these failures lie in fostering healthy political engagement within any institutional context, and not in circumventing or suppressing it. Transparency, which is citizen access to publicly available information about the actions of those in government, and the consequences of these actions, can play a crucial role by nourishing political engagement
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464810008
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank Studies
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 305.231099612
    Abstract: Early Childhood Development in Tonga offers a comprehensive assessment of early child development across Tonga using the Tongan Early Human Capability Index instrument. The data has information on more than 6,600 children, ages three to five, living across 36 inhabited islands, and reported for 129 communities. On the basis of population figures from the Tongan census data collection provided by the Tonga Department of Statistics, 81 percent of three- to five-year-olds participated in the Tongan Early Human Capability Index. The report details the development of the instrument used to collect the child development data to ensure cultural validity and local relevance, while still capturing the fundamental aspects of child development that are consistent across countries and cultures. As well as the development of the instrument, other countries will also be interested in learning about h the method of data collection across a country with remote and isolated islands using an innovative partnership between health and education. Using existing systems and community governance structures, the data was not only collected but also disseminated back to communities to raise awareness and prompt community and government mobilization to support early child development. The process of developing and implementing the Tongan Early Human Capability Index across Tonga helped build national and district capacity, and is encouraging the establishment of community-based supports for children. Researchers, policy makers, and practitioners as well as advocates for the development and enhancement of systems to monitor early child development worldwide will find this publication highly significant
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9781464806193
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Directions in Development - Human Development
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 305.891497094
    Abstract: In Central and Eastern European countries, inequalities for Roma families living in marginalized communities start early and are striking. Some of these inequalities reflect hard-wired family circumstances such as being born in poverty. Others reflect lack of opportunities such as limited access to those basic goods and services that are necessary not only for realizing one's potential in life, but also for living with dignity. Gaps between Roma and non-Roma widen over the lifecycle in a way that reinforces and perpetuates disadvantage and translates into significantly unequal outcomes, despite the fact that Roma report having similar aspirations to those of their non-Roma neighbors. Promoting equal opportunities for disadvantaged Roma is not only an imperative for societies that want to call themselves fair, but it is also a smart economic choice, especially in those countries where populations are aging rapidly. Investing early, with a particular emphasis on supporting healthy and cognitive development for disadvantaged Roma children, is likely to go a long way in promoting fair chances. However, leveling the playing field in childhood is likely not enough: disadvantaged Roma continue being exposed to unequal opportunities at key nodes in their lives, such as when pursuing education or when looking for a job. Therefore, it is as important that a broader set of policies address some of the circumstances in which a large share of Roma children grow up, including access to employment and decent living conditions for their families. Implementing interventions that help overcome these interrelated barriers will require strong ownership at the national level, coordinated policies across different ministries and government levels, and an integrated delivery system that (...)
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464809446
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 305.4
    Abstract: This volume offers a simple, systematic guide to creating a knowledge sharing practice in your organization. It shows how to build the enabling environment and develop the skills needed to capture and share knowledge gained from operational experiences to improve performance and scale-up successes. Its recommendations are grounded on the insights gained from the past seven years of collaboration between the World Bank and its clients around the world-ministries and national agencies operating in various sectors-who are working to strengthen their operations through robust knowledge sharing. While informed by the academic literature on knowledge management and organizational learning, this handbook's operational background and many real-world examples and tips provide a missing, practical foundation for public sector officials in developing countries and for development practitioners. However, though written with a public sector audience in mind, the overall concepts and approaches will also hold true for most organizations in the private sector and the developed world
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464804908 , 9781464804892
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 304.6/20967
    Abstract: Overview --The state of demographics in Sub-Saharan Africa --Speeding the demographic transition --Selected social and economic effects of the demographic dividend --Afterword.
    Note: "October 23, 2014
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9781464804649 , 9781464804656
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 303.6/90966
    Abstract: Trends in conflict and violence --An overview of conflict and violence in West Africa --Emerging threats : trafficking, maritime piracy, and religious extremism --The complex challenges of youth and migration --The struggle for greater fairness and equity : the challenge of regional imbalances and improved benefit from extractives --The fragility of political institutions : managing the competition for power --Security : responding to new threats --Land institutions : a neverending conundrum --Lessons in resilience : the end of the Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Côte d'Ivoire conflicts --Improving the way donors and development agencies support the reduction of fragility --Annex : political leadership in West Africa.
    Note: "January 2015 , Includes bibliographical references , "This report has been prepared by the Fragility, Conflict and Violence Group at the World Bank
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464800108
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource , Illustrations
    Series Statement: New Frontiers of Social Policy
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 302
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 12
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xviii, 183 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online edition s.l.
    Series Statement: Human development perspectives
    Series Statement: World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 305.23109172/4
    Keywords: Children / Developing countries / Economic conditions ; Children / Developing countries / Social conditions ; Cognition in children / Developing countries ; Child Development ; Child, Preschool ; Cognition ; Developing Countries ; Infant ; Socioeconomic Factors
    Description / Table of Contents: Cognitive development among young children in low-income countriesThe influence of economic crisis on early childhood development : a review of pathways and measured impact -- Conflicts, epidemics and orphanhood : the impact of extreme events on the health and educational achievements of children -- Promoting equity through early child development interventions for children from birth through three years of age -- The convergence of equity and efficiency in ECD programs.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank | Washington, D.C. : The World Bank Group
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (282 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: International Development in Focus
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 305.43095492
    Abstract: Women have experienced significant changes in various spheres of their lives during the last decades as Bangladesh made economic progress. Yet women's economic engagement and empowerment are subdued, as they cannot make sufficient choices for themselves. This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the economic developments in gender equality in Bangladesh. Through examining women's participation in the labour force, ownership and control of household assets, use and control of financial assets, and opportunities for entrepreneurship, the authors have made concrete recommendations to overcome challenges that lie ahead for women's economic empowerment. This book is an important contribution to the knowledge on interventions required by the policy makers and broader stakeholders towards narrowing gender gaps. --Fahmida Khatun, PhD, Executive Director, Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD), BangladeshThe women's story is central to Bangladesh's economic and social transformation. There is an urgent need to deepen researched understanding of the multidimensional pathways of women's economic empowerment and extent of real progress made. Voices to Choices is an important contribution to this story. Surely, the journey of women's economic empowerment remains a long and challenging one. Realizing the full benefits of new opportunities is often hampered by both new and entrenched insecurities. The task is as much one of empowering women's agency as of dismantling barriers. The responsibility is as much women's as society's. --Hossain Zillur Rahman, PhD, Executive Chairman, Power and Participation Research Centre (PPRC)This book provides critical insights and is timely, as it outlines how girls and women in Bangladesh have gained more opportunities in labor force participation,(...)
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank | Washington, D.C. : The World Bank Group
    ISBN: 9781464813559
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Information and Communications for Development
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 303.4833
    Abstract: The Information and Commu ...
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  • 15
    ISBN: 082133123X
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource , Illustrations
    Series Statement: LSMS working paper no.112
    DDC: 304.6/3/096668
    RVK:
    Keywords: Schulpflicht ; Einschulung ; Familienplanung ; Elfenbeinküste ; Ghana
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. [97]-98)
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  • 16
    ISBN: 0821327895
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource , Illustrations
    Series Statement: LSMS working paper no.103
    DDC: 304.6/32/096668
    RVK:
    Keywords: Kindersterblichkeit ; Frau ; Fertilität ; Elfenbeinküste ; Ghana
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-55)
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 082132375X
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource , Illustrations
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 305.42/09561
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. [193]-205)
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