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  • OLC Ethnologie  (34)
  • English  (34)
  • Chinese
  • Zhang, Li  (14)
  • Ahmad, Mushtaq  (11)
  • Kumar, Sunil  (9)
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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    Epigallocatechin-3-gallate: An efficient alternative to synthetic antioxidants and preservatives in cheese (2017)
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    In:  Nutrition & food science Vol. 47, No. 2 (2017), p. 191
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Nutrition & food science
    Publ. der Quelle: Bingley : Emerald
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 47, No. 2 (2017), p. 191
    DDC: 630
    Abstract: Purpose The purpose of the study was to explore the possibility of utilization of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as a novel preservative in cheese. EGCG has strong antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and may be commercially exploited as a natural antioxidant and preservative in cheese like products which are highly susceptible to lipid oxidation. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of using EGCG as a natural antioxidant and preservative in cheese. Kalari, a hard and dry cheese, was used as a model and treated with different concentrations of EGCG (0, 0.05 and 0.10 per cent) and aerobically packaged within low-density polyethylene pouches and assessed for oxidative stability and storage quality under refrigerated (4 ± 1°C) conditions. Findings EGCG showed a significant (p 〈 0.05) effect on the lipid oxidative stability as the treated products exhibited significantly (p 〈 0.05) lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (milligram malonaldehyde/kg) values. A significant (p 〈 0.05) effect was also observed on the microbiological characteristics of the products, as treated products showed significantly (p 〈 0.05) lower values for total plate count (log cfu/g), psychrophilic count (log cfu/g), yeast and mould count (log cfu/g) and free fatty acid (% oleic acid) values. Coliforms (log cfu/g) were not detected throughout the storage period. Significantly (p 〈 0.05) higher scores were observed for various sensory parameters of the treated products. EGCG successfully improved the oxidative stability and storage quality of Kalari. Originality/value The results suggest that EGCG might be useful to the dairy industry as an efficient alternative to synthetic antioxidants and preservatives.
    URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1884370680
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae inhibits pathogen-induced upper genital tract inflammation in rats through suppression of NF-κB pathway (2017)
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    In:  Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs (2017)
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-8741
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs
    Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2017)
    DDC: 610
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.034
    URL: Volltext
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    OLC Ethnologie
  • 3
    Article
    Article
    Between Biopolitical Governance and Care: Rethinking Health, Selfhood, and Social Welfare in East Asia (2017)
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    In:  Medical anthropology : cross-cultural studies in health and illness Vol. 36, No. 1 (2017), p. 1-5
    Details
    ISSN: 0145-9740
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Medical anthropology : cross-cultural studies in health and illness
    Publ. der Quelle: London [u.a.] : Taylor & Francis
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 36, No. 1 (2017), p. 1-5
    DDC: 570
    Abstract: Medical Anthropology Between Biopolitical Governance and Care: Rethinking Health, Selfhood, and Social Welfare in East Asia
    Note: Copyright: © 2016 Taylor & Francis 2016
    DOI: 10.1080/01459740.2016.1158178
    URL: Volltext
    URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01459740.2016.1158178
    URL: http://search.proquest.com/docview/1846828451
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  • 4
    Article
    Article
    The Rise of Therapeutic Governing in Postsocialist China (2017)
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    In:  Medical anthropology : cross-cultural studies in health and illness Vol. 36, No. 1 (2017), p. 6-18
    Details
    ISSN: 0145-9740
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Medical anthropology : cross-cultural studies in health and illness
    Publ. der Quelle: London [u.a.] : Taylor & Francis
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 36, No. 1 (2017), p. 6-18
    DDC: 570
    Abstract: In this article, I explore how and why psychological intervention, often in the name of guanai (care), has gradually become a critical tool of managing the population and governing society in postsocialist China. Psychological counselors and experts are becoming a new form of authority, an indispensable part of creating and managing knowable, stable, and governable subjects for the military, the police, schools, and enterprises. 'Therapeutic governing' refers to the adoption of the therapeutic ethos, techniques, and care to improve the management of the work force and to help individuals cope with life in a rapidly changing society. I examine what drives local authorities to pursue this change, and how therapeutic governing takes on a different character and significance given China's unique path. I suggest that incorporating psychotherapeutic intervention into postsocialist governing can simultaneously produce disciplining and nurturing, repressive and unfettering effects in everyday life.
    Note: Copyright: © 2016 Taylor & Francis 2016
    DOI: 10.1080/01459740.2015.1117079
    URL: Volltext
    URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01459740.2015.1117079
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26575825
    URL: http://search.proquest.com/docview/1767993647
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  • 5
    Article
    Article
    Terpene glycoside component from Moutan Cortex ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress-related inflammatory responses (2016)
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    In:  Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs Vol. 193 (2016), p. 433-444
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-8741
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs
    Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 193 (2016), p. 433-444
    DDC: 610
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.043
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Article
    Article
    Ethnopharmacological survey on medicinal plants used in herbal drinks among the traditional communities of Pakistan (2016)
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    In:  Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs Vol. 184 (2016), p. 154-186
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-8741
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs
    Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 184 (2016), p. 154-186
    DDC: 610
    Abstract: There is very limited information regarding medicinal plants used by traditional healers in Pakistan, for treating wide-ranging diseases. Current study provides significant ethnopharmacological information, both qualitative and quantitative on medical plants in Pakistan and the pharmacological importance of herbal drinks, especially in the discovery of new drugs. The current ethnomedicinal field study was conducted from various traditional communities of Pakistan to document usage of medicinal plants as herbal drinks. Data was collected through field interviews from local people and using semi-structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed using quantitative indices such as UV (use value), RFC (Relative frequency of citation), and FL (Fidelity level). The present study recorded 217 plant species belonging to 174 genera and 69 families used in herbal drinks preparations. Major herbal preparations include decoctions, infusions and juice. According to use reports, significant species were Aloe vera, Artemisia fragrans, Allium cepa, Senegalia catechu, Alternanthera sessilis, Malva ludwigii, Arnebia benthamii, Cichorium intybus, Coccinia grandis, Dalbergia sissoo. Major ailment treated with herbal drinks include heartburn, fever, diarrhea, hypertension, and others. Use value (UV) varies from 0.23 to 0.02, with Mentha arvensis (0.23) having the highest value of UV followed by Mentha longifolia (0.22), Plantago lanceolate (0.19), Achillea millefolium (0.18), Coriandrum sativum (0.18), Justicia adhatoda and Malva sylvestris (0.17). Values of RFC varies from 0.28 to 0.09 while Fidelity level (FL) among plants varies from 37.5 to 100. Alternanthera sessilis, Oxytropis lapponica, Millettia pinnata and Salvia bucharica had the highest FL value (100). The use of medicinal plants is prevalent in traditional communities of Pakistan. Different herbal preparations are in common practice including various herbal drinks a common tradition and much favoured herbal preparation in terms of its results and regarded as reciprocal to modern drugs. Therefore, suggesting further pharmacological, phytochemical evaluation for essential metabolites and chemical constituents.
    Note: Copyright: © Elsevier Ireland Ltd , Copyright: Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.039
    URL: Volltext
    URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874116300824
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26947900
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  • 7
    Article
    Article
    Ethnomedicinal uses of plants in the treatment of paediatric geohelminth infections in Kalat district of Northern Balochistan, Pakistan (2016)
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    In:  Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs Vol. 183 (2016), p. 176-186
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-8741
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs
    Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 183 (2016), p. 176-186
    DDC: 610
    Abstract: Infection by intestinal parasitic worms (soil-transmitted helminths or geohelminths) is prevalent in many parts of the world, and poses a particular health risk to children. This paper presents findings from a preliminary study with the primary aim to document indigenous knowledge about the use of herbal medicines in the treatment of intestinal worm infections in children among the local communities of Kalat district of northern Balochistan, Pakistan. Ethnomedicinal data were collected through a triangulation approach, that included participant-observation and rapid appraisal methods. Prior-informed consent (PIC) was obtained from participants before conducting structured and semi-structured interviews and delivering an open ended questionnaire. A total of 94 participants, including 28 men (of whom 7 were traditional healers), and 66 women of four different age groups were interviewed. Results were analyzed using quantitative indices of Use Value citations (UVC) and Disease-Consensus Index (DCI). Fewer men than women agreed to be interviewed, thus overall women in the area appeared to have more ethnomedicinal knowledge. The majority of study participants belonged to the older age group (〉55 years). A total of 49 plant species, belonging to 47 genera, distributed in 30 families were reported. The families Asteraceae and Lamiaceae were most frequently represented, with four species each. Trees were the most common life form, with seeds the most frequently cited plant part used (29%). Nearly a third (31%) of plant-based remedies reported in the treatment of intestinal worms were administered as a decoction. The highest UVC and DCI was reported for the species Ferula assa-foetida sL. (UVC 0.51, DCI 0.46). This study provides previously unreported data on the use of medicinal plants in the treatment of geohelminth infections in children of Kalat. Eight species, Acacia modesta Wall., Asparagus capitatus Baker, Microcephala lamellata (Bunge) Pobed., Nepeta praetervisa Rech.f., Plantago ciliata Desf., Pistacia atlantica Desf., Seriphidium quettense (Podlech) Y.R.Ling and Thymus linearis Benth. are reported here as anthelmintics for the first time. Detailed studies on the anthelmintic activity of chemical constituents of these species are lacking from existing literature. Further phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicity studies are required in order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these newly reported anthelmintic species. These plants may provide a source of novel anthelmintic drug leads, which are urgently required due to the problem of global anthelmintic resistance.
    Note: Copyright: © Elsevier Ireland Ltd , Copyright: Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.029
    URL: Volltext
    URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874116300745
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26927703
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  • 8
    Article
    Article
    The dosage-toxicity-efficacy relationship of kansui and licorice in malignant pleural effusion rats based on factor analysis (2016)
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    In:  Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs Vol. 186 (2016), p. 251-256
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-8741
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs
    Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 186 (2016), p. 251-256
    DDC: 610
    Abstract: The root of Euphorbia kansui T.P. Wang (Euphorbiaceae), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with certain toxicity, is known as Gan sui (Chinese: ) or kansui. It has been used to treat edema, ascites, asthma, and etc. Licorice is the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. or Glycyrrhiza inflate Bat. or Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Leguminosae. It is a widely used herbal medicine native to southern Europe and parts of Asia as an herbal medicine and natural sweetener. Kansui cannot be co-used with licorice, which is recorded in "eighteen incompatible" medicaments in many monographs of TCM. The present study was conducted to investigate the dosage-toxicity-efficacy relationship of the co-use of kansui and licorice and to explore its regularity of the toxicity and efficacy change. Malignant pleural effusion rats were used and randomly divided into the normal control group, model group, positive control group (furosemide), kansui group, licorice group, and kansui-licorice groups with different ratios (kansui: licorice: 4:1, 2:1, 1:1, 0.5:1, 0.25:1, 0.1:1). Each group was adopted simultaneously to investigate the characteristic of toxicity and effect by measuring the pleural fluid and urine volumes, serum biochemical indexes, and serum TNF-α, IL-2 and IFN-γ levels. The factor analytic approach was used to analyze the dosage-toxicity-efficacy relationship between kansui and licorice. Two common factors were extracted from 8 indexes concerning toxicity and 5 indexes concerning efficacy. And the total factors related to toxicity (Ft) and efficacy (Fe) were calculated. The curved line of Ft indicated that the toxicity was increased along with the dose increase in licorice. The curved line of Fe indicated that the efficacy was decreased along with the dose increase in licorice. The intersection of these two lines was between the ratios of 2:1 and 1:1, and was deemed the flex point of the dosage-toxicity-efficacy. Kansui demonstrated a certain efficacy in treating malignant pleural effusion, and the efficacy could be weakened by the co-use of licorice, even causing serious toxicity at the given ratio. The ratio between 2:1 and 1:1 (kansui: licorice) was deemed the flex point of the dosage-toxicity-efficacy of kansui and licorice. The results will be helpful for their better utilization and development.
    Note: Copyright: © Elsevier Ireland Ltd , Copyright: Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.012
    URL: Volltext
    URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874116302033
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27084456
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  • 9
    Article
    Article
    Terpene glycoside component from Moutan Cortex ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress-related inflammatory responses (2016)
    Show associated volumes/articles
    In:  Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs (2016)
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-8741
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs
    Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2016)
    DDC: 610
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.043
    URL: Volltext
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    Article
    OLC Ethnologie
  • 10
    Article
    Article
    The Rise of Therapeutic Governing in Postsocialist China (2016)
    Show associated volumes/articles
    In:  Medical anthropology : cross-cultural studies in health and illness Vol. 35, No. 2 (2016), p. 119
    Details
    ISSN: 0145-9740
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Medical anthropology : cross-cultural studies in health and illness
    Publ. der Quelle: London [u.a.] : Taylor & Francis
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 35, No. 2 (2016), p. 119
    DDC: 570
    Abstract: In this article, I explore how and why psychological intervention, often in the name of guanai (care), has gradually become a critical tool of managing the population and governing society in postsocialist China. Psychological counselors and experts are becoming a new form of authority, an indispensable part of creating and managing knowable, stable, and governable subjects for the military, the police, schools, and enterprises. 'Therapeutic governing' refers to the adoption of the therapeutic ethos, techniques, and care to improve the management of the work force and to help individuals cope with life in a rapidly changing society. I examine what drives local authorities to pursue this change, and how therapeutic governing takes on a different character and significance given China's unique path. I suggest that incorporating psychotherapeutic intervention into postsocialist governing can simultaneously produce disciplining and nurturing, repressive and unfettering effects in everyday life.
    Note: Copyright: © 2016 Taylor & Francis 2016
    DOI: 10.1080/01459740.2015.1117079
    URL: Volltext
    URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01459740.2015.1117079
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26575825
    URL: http://search.proquest.com/docview/1767993647
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  • 11
    Article
    Article
    Protection of tauroursodeoxycholic acid on high glucose-induced human retinal microvascular endothelial cells dysfunction and streptozotocin-induced diabetic retinopathy rats (2016)
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    In:  Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs Vol. 185 (2016), p. 162-170
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-8741
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs
    Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 185 (2016), p. 162-170
    DDC: 610
    Abstract: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), one of the main ingredients from bear gall which hold "Clearing heat and detoxification, Removing liver fire for improving eyesight" functions, is formed by the conjugation of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) with taurine. However, the limited information of TUDCA on protecting diabetic retinopathy (DR) has been known. The present study was conducted to evaluate the protection of TUDCA on high glucose-induced human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) dysfunction and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic retinopathy (DR) rats and the possible mechanism underlying was also explored. The proliferation of high glucose-induced HRMECs was determined by MTT assay. DR rats' model was established by an administration of high-glucose-fat diet and an intraperitoneal injection of STZ (30mg/kg). The cell supernatant and rats' serum were collected for the assays of NO content by ELISA kits. Retinas were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) to observe pathological changes. Immunohistochemical assay was applied to examine the protein expression of ICAM-1, NOS, NF-κB p65 and VEGF in rat retinas. Furthermore, western blot analysis was carried out to examine the protein expression of ICAM-1, NOS, NF-κB p65 and VEGF in high glucose-induced HRMECs. After treating with TUDCA, high glucose-induced HRMECs proliferation could be significantly inhibited. TUDCA (5.0μM, 25.0μM and 125.0μM) could decrease NO content in high glucose-induced HRMECs. Furthermore, TUDCA (500mg/kg/d and 250mg/kg/d) also decrease NO content in serum of DR rats. Additionally, both immunocytochemistry analysis and western blot analysis showed that the over-expression of ICAM-1, NOS, NF-κB p65 and VEGF were significantly decreased by TUDCA. The data indicated that TUDCA could ameliorate DR by decreasing NO content and down-regulating the protein expression of ICAM-1, NOS, NF-κB p65 and VEGF. Thus, our experimental results suggested that TUDCA might be a potential drug for the prevention and treatment of DR.
    Note: Copyright: © Elsevier Ireland Ltd , Copyright: Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.026
    URL: Volltext
    URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874116301337
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26988565
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  • 12
    Article
    Article
    Anti-inflammatory effect of volatile oil from Schizonepeta tenuifolia on carrageenin-induced pleurisy in rats and its application to study of appropriate harvesting time coupled with multi-attribute comprehensive index method (2016)
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    In:  Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs Vol. 194 (2016), p. 580-586
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-8741
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs
    Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 194 (2016), p. 580-586
    DDC: 610
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.045
    URL: Volltext
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  • 13
    Article
    Article
    Total saponins of panaxnotoginseng promotes lymphangiogenesis by activation VEGF-C expression of lymphatic endothelial cells (2016)
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    In:  Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs Vol. 193 (2016), p. 293-302
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-8741
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs
    Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 193 (2016), p. 293-302
    DDC: 610
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.032
    URL: Volltext
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  • 14
    Article
    Article
    The quality and storage stability of chicken patties prepared with different additives (2015)
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    In:  Nutrition & food science Vol. 45, No. 5 (2015), p. 728-739
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Nutrition & food science
    Publ. der Quelle: Bingley : Emerald
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 45, No. 5 (2015), p. 728-739
    DDC: 630
    Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of green tea extract, fig and red pepper on the quality characteristics of chicken patties during refrigerated storage. Design/methodology/approach – The study was designed to evaluate the effect of green tea extract, fig and red pepper on the storage quality parameters of chicken patties. The products were developed by incorporating optimum level of green tea extract (400 mg/kg), fig (4 per cent) and red pepper (10 per cent) separately and were aerobically packaged in low-density polyethylene pouches and assessed for various storage-quality parameters under refrigerated (4 ± 1°C) conditions for 21 days of storage. The products were evaluated for various physicochemical, microbiological and sensory parameters at regular intervals of 0, 7, 14 and 21 days. Findings – A significant (p 〈 0.05) effect of green tea extract, fig and red pepper was observed on the pH and TBARS (mg malonaldehyde/kg) values of the chicken patties. A significant (p 〈 0.05) effect was also observed on the microbiological characteristics as the products incorporated with green tea extract, fig and red pepper showed significantly (p 〈 0.05) lower values for total plate count, psychrophillic count and yeast and mould count during the period of storage. Coliforms were not detected throughout the period of storage. Significantly (p 〈 0.05) higher scores were observed for various sensory parameters of the products incorporated with green tea extract, fig and red pepper. Originality/value – Green tea extract (400 mg/kg), fig (4 per cent) and red pepper (10 per cent) successfully improved the oxidative stability and storage quality of the products during refrigerated (4 ± 1°C) storage and may be commercially exploited to improve the storage quality of muscle foods without adversely affecting the sensory quality of the products.
    Note: Copyright: © Emerald Group Publishing Limited
    DOI: 10.1108/NFS-01-2015-0009
    URL: Volltext
    URL: http://search.proquest.com/docview/1709343005
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  • 15
    Article
    Article
    Effect of different fiber sources and tert-butylhydroquinone on the quality characteristics of chicken harrisa, a meat based product (2015)
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    In:  Nutrition & food science Vol. 45, No. 6 (2015), p. 930-943
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Nutrition & food science
    Publ. der Quelle: Bingley : Emerald
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 45, No. 6 (2015), p. 930-943
    DDC: 630
    Abstract: Purpose – This paper aims to evaluate the effect of different fiber sources and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) on the quality characteristics of chicken harrisa. Design/methodology/approach – An attempt was made to develop fiber-enriched chicken harrisa, a meat-based product, by incorporating optimum level of different fiber sources, viz., oat bran (10 per cent) or wheat bran (10 per cent) or barley bran (5 per cent). The products developed with optimized level of fiber were further treated with TBHQ (200 ppm) and were aerobically packaged in low-density polyethylene pouches along with control and assessed for various storage quality parameters under refrigerated (4 ± 1°C) conditions. The products were evaluated for various physicochemical, microbiological and sensory parameters at regular intervals of 0, 7, 14 and 21 days. Findings – A significant (p 〈 0.05) increase was observed in the fiber content of the products prepared with oat bran (10 per cent) or wheat bran (10 per cent) or barley bran (5 per cent). TBHQ showed a significant (p 〈 0.05) effect on the lipid oxidative stability, as the treated products exhibited significantly (p 〈 0.05) lower thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (mg malonaldehyde/kg) values for the entire period of storage. No significant (p 〉 0.05) effect was observed on the microbiological characteristics of the products. Sensory parameters showed significant (p 〈 0.05) decreasing trend for control as well as TBHQ-treated products throughout the period of storage; however, significantly (p 〈 0.05) higher scores were observed for treated products in comparison to control. Originality/value – Fiber-enriched chicken harrisa was developed by incorporating oat bran (10 per cent) or wheat bran (10 per cent) or barley bran (5 per cent) in the formulation. TBHQ successfully improved the lipid oxidative stability and storage quality of fiber-enriched chicken harrisa during refrigerated (4 ± 1°C) storage and may be commercially exploited to improve the storage quality of the product.
    Note: Copyright: © Emerald Group Publishing Limited
    DOI: 10.1108/NFS-05-2015-0062
    URL: Volltext
    URL: http://search.proquest.com/docview/1735637285
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  • 16
    Article
    Article
    Effect of lemon peel extract on the oxidative stability and storage quality of Tabak-Maz, traditional fried mutton ribs (2015)
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    In:  Nutrition & food science Vol. 45, No. 5 (2015), p. 662-676
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Nutrition & food science
    Publ. der Quelle: Bingley : Emerald
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 45, No. 5 (2015), p. 662-676
    DDC: 630
    Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of utilization of lemon peel extract as a natural antioxidant source in muscle foods. The products incorporated with lemon peel extract were assessed for various oxidative stability and storage quality parameters. Design/methodology/approach – The study was designed to evaluate the effect of lemon peel extract on the oxidative stability and storage quality of Tabak-Maz, a popular traditional meat product. The products were prepared and treated with different concentrations of lemon peel extract (0.5, 1, 1.5 per cent) and were aerobically packaged in low-density polyethylene pouches and assessed for lipid stability and storage quality parameters under refrigerated (4 ± 1°C) conditions. Findings – Lemon peel extract showed a significant (p 〈 0.05) effect on the lipid stability of the products as the treated products exhibited significantly (p 〈 0.05) lower thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) (mg malonaldehyde/kg) and free fatty acid (FFA) (per cent oleic acid) values for the entire period of storage. A significant (p 〈 0.05) effect was also observed on the microbiological characteristics of the products, as lemon peel extract treated products showed significantly (p 〈 0.05) lower values for total plate count, psychrophillic count and yeast and mould count throughout the period of storage. Coliforms were not detected throughout the period of storage. Significantly (p 〈 0.05) higher scores were observed for various sensory parameters of the treated products. Originality/value – Lemon peel extract successfully improved the oxidative stability and storage quality of Tabak-Maz during refrigerated (4 ± 10°C) storage and may be commercially exploited as a natural antioxidant source in muscle foods.
    Note: Copyright: © Emerald Group Publishing Limited
    DOI: 10.1108/NFS-01-2015-0006
    URL: Volltext
    URL: http://search.proquest.com/docview/1709342887
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  • 17
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    Article
    Effect of sorghum bicolour and clove oil on the quality characteristics and storage quality of aerobically packaged chevon cutlets (2015)
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    In:  Nutrition & food science Vol. 45, No. 1 (2015), p. 145-163
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Nutrition & food science
    Publ. der Quelle: Bingley : Emerald
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 45, No. 1 (2015), p. 145-163
    DDC: 630
    Abstract: Purpose – This paper aims to focus on the effect of Sorghum bicolour on the quality characteristics of chevon cutlets and to evaluate the effect of clove oil on the storage quality of aerobically packaged chevon cutlets. Design/methodology/approach – Three levels of sorghum flour, namely, 2, 4 and 6 per cent, were incorporated in the formulation, and the products developed were assessed for various physicochemical, sensory, texture and colour parameters. Chevon cutlets containing optimum level of sorghum flour were treated with clove oil (100 ppm) and evaluated for storage quality for 15 days under refrigerated conditions (4 ± 1°C). The products were analysed for various physicochemical, microbiological and sensory parameters. Findings – Crude fibre, texture parameters, i.e. hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, gumminess and product redness value, showed significant (p 〈 0.05) increasing trend, whereas moisture per cent, fat content and overall acceptability decreased significantly (p 〈 0.05) with increasing levels of incorporation. Chevon cutlets containing 6 per cent sorghum flour were optimized as best. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance value (mg malonaldehyde/kg), total plate count (cfu/g) and psychrophillic count (cfu/g) showed a significant increasing trend (p 〈 0.05), whereas all the sensory parameters decreased significantly (p 〈 0.05) with increasing days of storage. The products were successfully stored for 10 days under refrigerated conditions (4 ± 1°C) without marked loss in quality. Originality/value – The paper has demonstrated the potential of sorghum as a fibre source in the development of designer chevon cutlets and effect of clove oil on the storage quality of aerobically packaged chevon cutlets.
    Note: Copyright: © Emerald Group Publishing Limited
    DOI: 10.1108/NFS-02-2014-0017
    URL: Volltext
    URL: http://search.proquest.com/docview/1650518918
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  • 18
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    Article
    Utilization of pomegranate seed powder and tomato powder in the development of fiber-enriched chicken nuggets (2015)
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    In:  Nutrition & food science Vol. 45, No. 5 (2015), p. 793-807
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Nutrition & food science
    Publ. der Quelle: Bingley : Emerald
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 45, No. 5 (2015), p. 793-807
    DDC: 630
    Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possibility of utilization of pomegranate seed powder and tomato powder in the development of fiber-enriched chicken nuggets. Design/methodology/approach – The study was designed to incorporate and evaluate the effect of pomegranate seed powder and tomato powder on the quality characteristics of the chicken nuggets. The products were developed by incorporating different levels of pomegranate seed powder (1, 2, 3 per cent) and tomato powder (1, 2, 3 per cent) separately and were analyzed for various physicochemical and sensory parameters. Findings – The pomegranate seed powder and tomato powder significantly (p 〈 0.05) increased the fiber content of the chicken nuggets besides improving various sensory attributes of the products. A significant (p 〈 0.05) effect of the pomegranate seed powder was observed on the pH, emulsion stability, cooking yield and proximate parameters of the chicken nuggets. Tomato powder also showed a significant (p 〈 0.05) effect on the emulsion stability, moisture and fat content of the products. No significant (p 〉 0.05) effect of tomato was observed on the pH and cooking yield of the products. Originality/value – Fiber-enriched chicken nuggets could be developed by incorporating pomegranate seed powder and tomato powder in the formulation besides improving various sensory attributes of the products.
    Note: Copyright: © Emerald Group Publishing Limited
    DOI: 10.1108/NFS-05-2015-0066
    URL: Volltext
    URL: http://search.proquest.com/docview/1709343052
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  • 19
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    Article
    Effect of Ocimum sanctum Linn (Tulsi) on the oxidative stability and storage quality of chicken sausages (2015)
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    In:  Nutrition & food science Vol. 45, No. 4 (2015), p. 510-523
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Nutrition & food science
    Publ. der Quelle: Bingley : Emerald
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 45, No. 4 (2015), p. 510-523
    DDC: 630
    Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to explore the possibility of utilization of Ocimum sanctum Linn (Tulsi) leaf extract as a natural preservative in muscle foods. The products incorporated with Ocimum sanctum leaf extract were assessed for various oxidative stability and storage quality parameters. Design/methodology/approach – The Ocimum sanctum leaf extract was incorporated at 300 mg/kg level in the formulation. Chicken sausages incorporated with Ocimum sanctum leaf extract along with control samples were aerobically packaged in low-density polyethylene pouches and assessed for lipid oxidation, physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics under refrigerated (4 ± 1°C) conditions. Findings – Ocimum sanctum leaf extract showed a significant (p 〈 0.05) effect on the lipid stability, as the treated products exhibited significantly (p 〈 0.05) lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (mg malonaldehyde/kg) and free fatty acid (% oleic acid) values in comparison to control. A significant (p 〈 0.05) effect was also observed on the microbiological characteristics of the products, as the treated products showed significantly (p 〈 0.05) lower values for total plate count, psychrophilic count and yeast and mould count. Significantly, (p 〈 0.05) higher scores were also observed for various sensory parameters of the treated products. Originality/value – The paper has demonstrated the use of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract as a potential natural preservative, as it successfully improved the oxidative stability and storage quality of the products during refrigerated (4 ± 1°C) storage and may be commercially exploited as a natural preservative in muscle foods.
    Note: Copyright: © Emerald Group Publishing Limited
    DOI: 10.1108/NFS-01-2015-0002
    URL: Volltext
    URL: http://search.proquest.com/docview/1686979420
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  • 20
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    Article
    Bioactive peptides from egg: a review (2015)
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    In:  Nutrition & food science Vol. 45, No. 2 (2015), p. 190-212
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Nutrition & food science
    Publ. der Quelle: Bingley : Emerald
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 45, No. 2 (2015), p. 190-212
    DDC: 630
    Abstract: Purpose – The aim of the article was to focus on various peptides identified in the egg and their probable application as novel ingredients in the development of functional food products. Bioactive peptides of egg origin have attracted increasing interest as one of the prominent candidates for development of various health-promoting functional and designer foods. Design/methodology/approach – Traditionally known as a source of highly valuable proteins in human nutrition, eggs are nowadays also considered as an important source of many bioactive peptides which may find wide application in medicine and food production. These specific protein fragments from egg proteins which, above and beyond their nutritional capabilities, have a positive impact on the body’s function or condition by affecting the digestive, endocrine, cardiovascular, immune and nervous systems, and may ultimately influence health. Findings – Several peptides that are released in vitro or in vivo from egg proteins have been attributed to different health effects, including antihypertensive effects, antimicrobial properties, antioxidant activities, anticancer activity, immunomodulating activity, antiadhesive properties and enhancement of nutrient absorption and/or bioavailability. Extensive research has been undertaken to identify and characterize these biologically active peptides of egg origin which has changed the image of egg as a new source of biologically active ingredients for the development of functional foods with specific benefits for human health and treatment and prevention of diseases. Originality/value – The paper mainly describes the above-stated properties of bioactive peptides derived from egg proteins.
    Note: Copyright: © Emerald Group Publishing Limited
    DOI: 10.1108/NFS-10-2014-0088
    URL: Volltext
    URL: http://search.proquest.com/docview/1661553181
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  • 21
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    Article
    Effect of Aloe vera on the lipid stability and storage quality of chicken nuggets (2015)
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    In:  Nutrition & food science Vol. 45, No. 1 (2015), p. 54-67
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Nutrition & food science
    Publ. der Quelle: Bingley : Emerald
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 45, No. 1 (2015), p. 54-67
    DDC: 630
    Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this study was to explore the potential of Aloe vera as a novel source of natural antioxidant and preservative in the muscle foods and to evaluate the effect of Aloe vera on the storage quality of aerobically packaged chicken nuggets. Design/methodology/approach – The Aloe vera pulp was incorporated at various levels, namely, 0, 5, 10 and 15 per cent, replacing lean meat in the formulation. The products were analyzed for proximate composition, physicochemical and sensory parameters. Chicken nuggets incorporated with optimum level of Aloe vera (10 per cent) along with control nuggets (0 per cent Aloe vera) were aerobically packaged and assessed for lipid oxidation, physicochemical and microbiological characteristics under refrigerated (4°C) conditions. Findings – pH, crude protein, ether extract and ash content of the nuggets showed significant (p 〈 0.05) decreasing trend with increasing levels of Aloe vera; however, there was a significant (p 〈 0.05) increase in the moisture content, emulsion stability and cooking yield. Aloe vera-enriched nuggets showed significantly (p 〈 0.05) lower values than control nuggets for almost all the lipid oxidation and microbiological parameters, i.e. free fatty acid, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances value, total plate count, psychrophillic count and yeast and mould count. No significant (p 〉 0.05) difference was observed in the sensory parameters of the Aloe vera-enriched nuggets and the control samples throughout the period of storage. Originality/value – The paper has demonstrated the use of Aloe vera as a potential natural antioxidant without any marginal decline in the sensorial characteristics and nutritive value of the muscle foods.
    Note: Copyright: © Emerald Group Publishing Limited
    DOI: 10.1108/NFS-04-2014-0034
    URL: Volltext
    URL: http://search.proquest.com/docview/1650518951
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  • 22
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    Anti-inflammatory effects of Huangqin tang extract in mice on ulcerative colitis (2015)
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    In:  Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs Vol. 162 (2015), p. 207-214
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-8741
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs
    Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 162 (2015), p. 207-214
    DDC: 610
    Abstract: HuangqinTang (HQT) is a traditional Chinese formula which is composed of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Paeonia lactiflora Pall, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, and Ziziphus jujube Mill. HQT has been used in China for a wide range of disorders, especially in gastrointestinal inflammation with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps and so on. To investigate the protective effects of HQT extract on 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis in mice. Different doses of HQT extract (1, 2 and 4 g/kg/day) and salicylazosulfapyridine (SASP, 500 mg/kg/day) were administered by gavage for 7 days after the induction of colitis with TNBS. The effects were studied by macroscopic score, histological analysis, immunohistochemical study of Cyclo-oxygenase-2 protein expression, as well as by determination of inflammation markers such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. In TNBS induced group, mice body weight decreased gradually and did not recover at the end of the experiment, as compared with that of control group (p〈0.01). Edema and redness were also discovered in the colons profoundly and scores representing inflammation were all high in this group (p〈0.01). The level of colonic MPO activity and the tissue levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were markedly increased (p〈0.01). The mice treated with HQT extract and SASP recovered significantly compared with the TNBS group (p〈0.01). Our results suggested that the efficacy of HQT extract, especially at the higher dose, was analogous to that of SASP, which implicated its potential application as a natural alternative medicine in colitis treatment.
    Note: Copyright: Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.039
    URL: Volltext
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25576893
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  • 23
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    The endemic medicinal plants of Northern Balochistan, Pakistan and their uses in traditional medicine (2015)
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    In:  Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs Vol. 173 (2015), p. 1-10
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-8741
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs
    Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 173 (2015), p. 1-10
    DDC: 610
    Abstract: The highlands of Northern Balochistan are the hot spots of medicinal and endemic plant in Pakistan. These plants are still commonly used for medicinal purposes by local people in their daily lives. This study first documented the information about the medicinal uses of endemic species of Balochistan-province Pakistan. A survey was performed using open ended questionnaires, free listening and personal observations with 152 informants (54% female, 46% male). In addition, the use value (MUV), use report (UR), fidelity level (FL), frequency citation (FC), relative frequency citation (RFC), family importance value (FIV) of species were determined and the informant consensus factor (ICF) was calculated for the medicinal plants included in the study. A total of 24 endemic plants belonging to 19 genera and 14 families were used by the local inhabitants to treat 12 categories of various diseases. The most common families of endemic plant species as depicted by its number of species (6 species) and FIV (9.9) was Fabaceae as the dominant family. The endemic plant species comprised perennial herbs (30%), annual herbs (25%), shrubs (29%) and under shrubs (16% each), no endemic tree species was reported in the study area. The highest number of species were used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases (12 species). The main route of administration is oral injection (62%) while the most frequently used form of external administration of herbal medicine was paste (5.4%) and the most commonly applied methods of preparation are powder (48.2%). Highest use report were calculated for Allium baluchistanicum and Viola makranica, (8 UR each), and least use report were calculated for two species Heliotropium remotiflorum and Tetracme stocksii (1 UR for each). Use values of the recorded plant species have been calculated which showed a highest use value of (0.73) for A. baluchistanicum and (0.56) for Berberis baluchistanica while the lowest UVs were attained for T. stocksii (0.13). Highest RFC value were calculated for Achillea millefolium (0.19) and least RFC were calculated for Blepharis sindica (0.02). The endemic species with 100% fidelity level was calculated for two plant species i.e. Seriphidium quettense and B. baluchistanica. The Balochistan is rich in endemic and other medicinal plants, still needs more exploration and study. Thus, it is important to document and reconstitute the remainders of the ancient medical practices which exist in Balochistan and other areas of the world, and preserve this knowledge for future generations. The endemic species which are used in traditional medicine in the region lacks phototherapeutic evidence. It is necessary to perform phytochemical or pharmacological studies to explore the potential of plants used for medicinal purposes. Overgrazing, urbanization and unsustainable harvesting of such rare and endemic medicinal plants in this region is facing severe threats of extinction. It is thus recommended that cultivation techniques be formulated, especially for the most important endemic plant medicinal species of the region.
    Note: Copyright: Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.050
    URL: Volltext
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26187276
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  • 24
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    Ethnopharmacological documentation of medicinal plants used for hypertension among the local communities of DIR Lower, Pakistan (2015)
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    In:  Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs Vol. 175 (2015), p. 138-146
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-8741
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs
    Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 175 (2015), p. 138-146
    DDC: 610
    Abstract: Local communities of the Dir Lower district in Northwest Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan rely on botanical anti-hypertensive preparations. Insights into the traditional uses of local flora can direct investigation into phytochemical screening. This ethnobotanical study aims to identify plant species and recipes used by the local people for the treatment of hypertension in the district of Dir Lower. Inquiries and interviews were carried out from November 2012 to December 2013 from local herbalist and indigenous communities including village elders. A total of 46 plant species (43 genera and 29 botanical families) used by local people of study area to treat hypertension. Family Lamiaceae dominated with the highest percentage 15.21% (7 species). With respect to growth form, herbs constituted (63.05%), shrubs (30.43%) and trees (6.52%). Leaves (37.25%) were the most frequently used part in herbal preparations. The major mode of preparation was decoction (46.66%) and almost all recipes were orally administered. Use values (UV) revealed that the most preferred species for the treatment of hypertension by the indigenous community are Paeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle., followed by Sarcococca saligna (D. Don) Muell. Arg., Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley and Teucrium stocksianum Boiss. Amongst the 46 medicinal plants, antihypertensive activity of 16 plants included Artemisia vulgiris L., Artemisia annua L., Sisymbrium brassiciforme C. A. Mey., T. stocksianum Boiss, Cichorium intybus L., Rosa brunonii Lindl., Chenopodium botrys L., Olea ferruginea Royle, Cotoneaster acuminatus Lindl, S. saligna (D. Don) Muell. Arg., Viola canescens Wall. ex Roxb, P. emodi Wall. ex Royle, Asparagus gracilis Royle, Maytenus royleanus (Wall. ex Lawson), Allium jacquemontii Kunth and Onosma hispidum Wall has not been reported previously in the scientific literature. Dir lower is a rich and biodiverse area of medicinal plant. The large number of plant species used for hypertension in this area shows the importance of herbal medicine in the primary health care of this remote area. In future studies, the plant should be further screened for phytochemical and new medicinal properties.
    Note: Copyright: Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.09.014
    URL: Volltext
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26392329
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  • 25
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    Ethnoveterinary medicinal plant knowledge and practice among the tribal communities of Thakht-e-Sulaiman hills, west Pakistan (2015)
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    In:  Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs Vol. 170 (2015), p. 275-283
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-8741
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs
    Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 170 (2015), p. 275-283
    DDC: 610
    Abstract: Pastoralist tribal communities inhabit Thakht-e-Sulaiman hills since centuries. In this remote and geographically isolated area, local people mainly rely on their natural environment for ethnoveterinary care. The area is therefore of special interest for the documentation and analysis of ethnoveterinary plant use and efficacy. Field work was conducted from 2010-2012 and 86 informants were interviewed. First, detailed unstructured interviews and group discussions were done with key informants, and second, successive oral freelisting and semi-structured interviews were performed. The veterinary diseases as described by the informants were categorized according to the symptoms they cause and the organs they affect. Information on the cited plants, informant consensus factor (ICF) and fidelity level (FL) were calculated based on use reports. A total of 22 ethnoveterinary medicinal plant species, belonging to 21 genera and 20 families with 559 use reports were recorded from two different ecological zones. More species were documented from the foothills but total use reports were higher for mountain species. Mainly leaves are used to prepare decoctions which are administered orally. Most use reports concerned skeleto-muscular problems followed by gastrointestinal ailments, but ritual uses and dermatological illnesses got highest ICF. Most often cited species were Pinus gerardina, P. wallichiana and Daphne papyracea while highest FL was obtained for Salix tetrasperma, Berberis calliobotrys and Litsea monopetala. Interestingly, 50% of the species have the same or similar use for humans. According to the local people, the most often mentioned species have high medicinal potential. They show a wide acceptance, broad application, multiple ways of preparation and administration. There is a need to conserve the knowledge of medicinal plant use in the Thakht-e-Sulaiman hills for future generations and to incorporate it into existing livestock health care services.
    Note: Copyright: Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.022
    URL: Volltext
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26002769
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  • 26
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    Ethnobotany of medicinal plants among the communities of Alpine and Sub-alpine regions of Pakistan (2015)
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    In:  Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs Vol. 164 (2015), p. 186-202
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-8741
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs
    Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 164 (2015), p. 186-202
    DDC: 610
    Abstract: To best of our knowledge it is first quantitative ethno-botanical study from Alpine and Sub-alpine, Western Himalaya of Pakistan. The study aims to report, compare the uses and highlight the ethno-botanical significance of medicinal plants for treatment of various diseases. A total of 290 (278 males and 12 females) informants including 14 Local Traditional Healers (LTHs) were interviewed. Information was collected using semi-structured interviews, analyzed and compared by quantitative ethno-botanical indices such as Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), Relative frequency of citation (RFC), use value (UV), Fidelity Level (FL) and Jaccard index (JI). A total of 125 plant species (Gymnosperms 7 species, Monocotyledons 2 and 116 Di-cotyledons) belonging to 41 families are collected, identified and ethno-botanically assessed. The most dominant family is Ranunculaceae (20 species) followed by Rosaceae (14 species). In diseases treated, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) diseases have highest proportion (27.5%) followed by respiratory diseases (20%) in the mountain communities. The most dominant life form of plants used is herbs (78%) followed by shrubs (19%) while the most commonly used plant parts are leaves (44 reports) followed by underground part, the roots (37 reports). The highest ICF (0.68) is found for ear, nose and eye disease category followed by respiratory disorders (0.46). There are 15 medicinal plants having 100% FL. Use value (UV) and Relative frequency of citation (RFC) range from 0.03 to 0.53 and 0.04 to 0.23 respectively. In comparison, maximum similarity index is found in the studies with JI 19.52 followed by 17.39. Similarity percentage of plant uses range from 1.69% to 19.52% while dissimilarity percentage varies from 0% to 20%. The Alpine and Sub-alpine regions of Pakistan are rich in medicinal plants and still need more research exploration. On the other hand, ethno-botanical knowledge in study areas is decreasing day by day due to high emigration rates resulting from after effects of wars during the last few decades. Historically developed ethno-botanical heritage should be preserved and promoted on global level for analyzing phytochemical, pharmaceutical and other biological activities for future drug discovery.
    Note: Copyright: Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.004
    URL: Volltext
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25680839
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  • 27
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    Traditional management of diabetes in Pakistan: Ethnobotanical investigation from Traditional Health Practitioners (2015)
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    In:  Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs Vol. 174 (2015), p. 91
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-8741
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs
    Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 174 (2015), p. 91
    DDC: 610
    Abstract: The uses of anti-diabetic plants are well anchored in the traditional health care system of Pakistan. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first ethno-botanical study about the uses of plants for the treatment of diabetes. The aim of the study is to record indigenous knowledge on anti-diabetic plants from Traditional Health Practitioners (THPs) and diabetic patients. In addition, it is aimed to ascertain and validate the traditional uses of anti-diabetic plants by citing pharmacological activities and phytochemical constitutes from previously published literature. The ethno-medicinal data was documented during 14 field surveys, each comprising of 10 days, from 3 regions of Pakistan (Islamabad, Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa and Deserts of Sindh). In total, 113 THPs and 44 diabetic patients were interviewed using open-ended and semi-structured questionnaires. Quantitative indices, including Relative Frequency of Citation percentage (RFC %) and Disease Consensus Index (DCI) were calculated. The documented data is authenticated by comparing with 28 published articles on ethno-botanical aspects and many pharmacological studies. In total, 120 plant species belonging to 50 families were reported. The ethno-botanical results indicated that Moraceae (11 species); herb (56 reports) is dominant life form; the leaves (56 reports) are the most used plant part and decoction (24%) is the preferred mode of preparation. The quantitative analysis shows that RFC% ranges from 14 to 42 and DCI varies from 0.15 to 0.74. By comparing to previous studies, 64 species are reported new in traditional treatment of DM; 40 species are new to pharmacological evidence and 3 species are new to phytochemical studies. This study recoded the significant indigenous knowledge about anti-diabetic plants among the THPs and diabetic patients in Pakistan. This type of ethno-botanical knowledge on traditional use of anti-diabetic plants is an important step in designing detailed pharmacological and clinical trials for Diabetes Miletus treatment. It is recommended that further pharmacological and phytochemical analysis should be conducted on those species which lack previous references in literature and have highest Frequency of Citation (FC), Disease Consensus Index (DCI) and Relative Frequency of Citation percentage (RFC%).
    Note: Copyright: Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26231447
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  • 28
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    Article
    Traditional preference of Wild Edible Fruits (WEFs) for digestive disorders (DDs) among the indigenous communities of Swat Valley-Pakistan (2015)
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    In:  Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs Vol. 174 (2015), p. 339
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-8741
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs
    Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 174 (2015), p. 339
    DDC: 610
    Abstract: Digestive disorders (DDs) causes indisposition and lead to death, especially in the underdeveloped world where hygienic conditions are scarce. A major proportion of the human populace depends on the use of traditional knowledge about the consumption of medicinal plants for many diseases, including DDs. The contemporary study summarizes the indigenous uses of Wild Edible Fruits (WEFs) of Swat Valley used for DDs and to evaluate the bio-efficacy of these pharmacologically essential fruit species from the available literature. An ethnomedicinal study was conducted in Swat valley, Northern Pakistan. Data was collected through field assessment as well as from traditional healers and local people by means of personal interviews and semi-structured questionnaires, giving value to both rural and urban communities. The ethnomedicinal knowledge was quantitatively analysed using various indices like Familiarity Index (FI), Consensus index (CI), Informant consensus factor (ICF) and the present data was compared with previous studies in the neighbouring areas using Jaccard similarity coefficient (JI). The present study recorded use reports on 53 WEFs of ethnomedicinal prominence in the treatment of DDs, belonging to 23 families. The recurrent growth forms were trees (51%) shrubs (38%) and herbs (11%). High consumption of fruits (50%), leaves (27%) and flowers (12%) was recorded. The traditional preparations were mostly in the form of unprocessed dried/fresh, powder, Juice and decoction and were usually taken orally. Almost 20-30% of the plants occurred in synanthropic vegetation while more than 75% were found in natural woodland and grassland vegetation. Family Berberidaceae dominated with highest FIV (41) followed by Punicaceae (38), Oxalidaceae (36) and Moraceae (35). ICF values for carminative (0.6) showed high consensus factor followed by anthelmintic, gastroenteritis and intestinal disorders (0.5). FI value is high for Berberis lycium (0.5), Morus alba (0.5), Morus nigra (0.5) followed by Olea ferruginea (0.45). B. lycium had the high consensus index, whereas, a study conducted on Lesser Himalayas Pakistan showed high value of Jaccard similarity coefficient. WEFs are predominantly used in the treatment of various diseases in the valley and traditional knowledge about the use of these species against DDs is still prevailing. Multiple uses of these WEFs suggest further investigation into its phytochemical, toxicological and pharmaceutical potential. This study will serve as a baseline data for future pharmacological studies.
    Note: Copyright: Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26307359
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  • 29
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    Article
    Comparison on hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities of the fresh and dried Portulaca oleracea L. in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells and streptozotocin-induced C57BL/6J diabetic mice (2015)
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    In:  Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs Vol. 161 (2015), p. 214-223
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-8741
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs
    Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 161 (2015), p. 214-223
    DDC: 610
    Abstract: Fresh Portulaca oleracea L. (family: Portulacaceae; POL) has been used as a folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus for a long time. More bioactive components with higher activity could be retained in fresh medicinal herbs compared to the dried ones. The present study was conducted to compare different antidiabetic activity between fresh and dried POL, including hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, in order to explore which components were responsible for the antidiabetic activity, the difference on chemical components between fresh and dried POL was analyzed and compared. Insulin-resistant HepG2 cells induced by insulin were used to evaluate the promoting effect of the fresh and dried POL on glucose utilization in vitro. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced C57BL/6J diabetic mice were used to compare the differences on hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities of fresh and dried POL, including the fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance, serum insulin level, malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in vivo. UPLC/Q-TOF-MS method was performed to analyze the difference of antidiabetic components between fresh and dried POL. Compared with the dried POL extract, the fresh POL extract significantly increased the consumption of extracellular glucose in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells (P〈0.05). In STZ-induced C57BL/6J diabetic mice, both fresh and dried extracts decreased markedly the fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, and improved significantly oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), as well as enhanced significantly insulin secretion and antioxidative activities (P〈0.05; P〈0.01). Furthermore, the fresh extract showed stronger antidiabetic activity (P〈0.05). The UPLC/Q-TOF-MS analysis results also revealed that the relative contents of polyphenols and alkaloids in the fresh herbs were more abundant than those in the dried POL. Our results indicated that both fresh and dried POL possessed antidiabetic activities, besides stronger activity was observed in the fresh herb. These findings provided evidence for the application and development of fresh POL in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
    Note: Copyright: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.002
    URL: Volltext
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25523372
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  • 30
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    Article
    Ethnobotany of medicinal plants in the Thar Desert (Sindh) of Pakistan (2015)
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    In:  Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs Vol. 163 (2015), p. 43-59
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-8741
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs
    Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 163 (2015), p. 43-59
    DDC: 610
    Abstract: The traditional use of medicinal plants in health-care practices among the rural communities provides the basis for natural drug discovery development. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first quantitative ethnobotanical investigation on the use of medicinal plants in the Thar Desert (Sindh) of Pakistan. In total, 530 local informants and traditional healers were interviewed, using semistructured interviews. Various quantitative indices such as relative frequency of citation (RFC), use value (UV), informant consensus factor (ICF), fidelity level (FL), relative importance (RI), and the Jaccard Index (JI) were applied to the documented data. The traditional medical uses of 87 plant species belonging to 32 families were reported on. Amaranthaceae was the most-frequently cited (nine species), followed by Cucurbitaceae and Euphorbiaceae (six species each). The most dominant life form was herbs (73.56%). The most-used plant parts were leaves, with 65 reports (28.88%), followed by seeds (16%). The common mode of preparation reported was powder (25.75%), with 74% herbal medicines obtained from fresh plant materials. The ethnobotanical result documented in this study provides practical evidence about the use of medicinal plants among the inhabitants of the Thar Desert. Further, the findings revealed that the medicinal plants of the area are a major source of herbal drugs for primary health care used among the rural communities. This survey can be used as baseline information for further scientific investigation to develop new plant-based commercial drugs.
    Note: Copyright: Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.053
    URL: Volltext
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25617748
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  • 31
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    Article
    Ethnobotanical survey of medicinally important shrubs and trees of Himalayan region of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan (2015)
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    In:  Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs Vol. 166 (2015), p. 340-351
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-8741
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs
    Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 166 (2015), p. 340-351
    DDC: 610
    Abstract: Present study was commenced with an aim to document the indigenous knowledge of medicinally important shrubs and trees of Himalayan region of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. This is the first contribution to the quantitative ethnobotany of this region, as no reported data focusing on shrubs and trees from the area have been published. Study reported the ethnobotanical significance of medicinal plants for the treatment of various diseases. Study was conducted during 2012-2014 following standard ethnobotanical methods. The ethnomedicinal data was collected through informed consent semi- structured interviews of 160 key informants. Documented data was analyzed by using quantitative indices of informant consensus factor (ICF), fidelity level (FL), use value (UV) and relative frequency citation (RFC). A total of 73 shrub and tree species belonging to 56 genera and 37 families were reported to be used ethnomedicinally for the treatment of various ailments. Medicinal plant diversity showed that Rosaceae was dominating family with (9 spp.) followed by Moraceae (7 spp.), Euphorbiaceae, Mimosaceae, Pinaceae, Rhamnaceae (4 spp. each), Oleaceae (3 spp.), Apocynaceae, Caesalpinaceae, Ebenaceae, Fagaceae, Lythraceae, Papilionaceae, Acanthaceae, Verbenaceae (2 spp. each) while remaining 22 families were represented by one species each. Leaves (23%) were highly utilized plant parts, followed by fruits (22%), bark (18%), seeds (10%), roots (9%), flowers (8%), whole plant and aerial parts (4% each) and stem (2%). Modes of preparation fall into 14 categories including powder (33 reports) followed by decoction (29 reports), paste (22 reports), juice (18 reports), infusion (12 reports), raw (8 reports), extract and latex (5 reports each), gum and oil (4 reports each), fresh part and pulp (2 reports each), chewed and cooked (1 report each). The highest FIC was recorded for Gastro-intestinal disorders (0.58) followed by nail, skin and hair disorders (0.44). Maximum fidelity level (FL=100%) was expressed by Abies pindrow, Adhatoda vasica, Bauhinia variegata and Cedrela serrata. Based on use value Juglans regia (0.88) was found most significant species followed by Acacia nilotica (0.83), Phyllanthus emblica (0.81), Pinus roxburghii (0.75) and Punica granatum (0.71). The area has a rich diversity of medicinally important shrub and tree species. The tradition of using plants for medicinal purposes is still alive in the local community but recently this tradition is gradually declining in new generation. Therefore awareness is needed to be raised among the local people on sustainable use and conservation of local flora.
    Note: Copyright: Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.042
    URL: Volltext
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25814319
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  • 32
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    Article
    3-O-(2'E,4'Z-decadienoyl)-20-O-acetylingenol induces apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells of rats via mitochondrial pathway (2015)
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    In:  Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs Vol. 174 (2015), p. 331
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-8741
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs
    Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 174 (2015), p. 331
    DDC: 610
    Abstract: Euphorbia kansui is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used for the treatment of edema, ascite and asthma in China for centuries. However, its serious gastrointestinal toxicity restricted its safe clinical application. 3-O-(2'E,4'Z-decadienoyl)-20-O-acetylingenol (3EZ,20Ac-ingenol), a diterpenoid compound derived from kansui, has obvious gastrointestinal cytotoxicity in cells. Until now, its gastrointestinal cytotoxic mechanism is mostly unknown. This study focused on elucidating the cytotoxic mechanism of 3EZ,20Ac-ingenol in intestinal epithelial cells of rats (IEC-6 cells) to guide safer application of this herb in clinic. 3EZ,20Ac-ingenol was isolated from the EtOAc extract of kansui. Cell morphology was detected by inverted phase contrast microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Cell apoptosis was examined by Annexin V-FITC/PI dual-staining or Hoechst staining. ROS generation was detected with DCFH-DA staining by laser scanning confocal microscope. MMP change was examined with JC-1 staining by high content screening (HCS). Further, the release of cytochrome c, the expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, AIF and Apaf-1 were analyzed by western blot and the activities of caspase-3, 8, 9 were determined by ELISA. Additionally, cell cycle analysis was performed to detect the effects of 3EZ,20Ac-ingenol on cell cycle in IEC-6 cells by flow cytometry. The study showed that 3EZ,20Ac-ingenol significantly reduced IEC-6 cells viability in a dose-dependent manner and the IC50 value was 5.74μg/mL. Consistently, 3EZ,20Ac-ingenol could elevate reactive oxygen species (ROS), disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), induce the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol, enhance the expressions of Bax, AIF and Apaf-1, suppress the expression of Bcl-2, then activate caspase-3, 8, 9 cascade, and subsequently result in apoptosis. Additionally, 3EZ,20Ac-ingenol also could cause G2/M phase arrest in IEC-6 cells. The results indicated that 3EZ,20Ac-ingenol induced the cytotoxicity of IEC-6 cells depends on induction of cell apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway and cell cycle arrest.
    Note: Copyright: Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.036
    URL: Volltext
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26318745
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  • 33
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    Article
    Ethnomedicinal uses of Edible Wild Fruits (EWFs) in Swat Valley, Northern Pakistan (2015)
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    In:  Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs Vol. 173 (2015), p. 191-203
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-8741
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs
    Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 173 (2015), p. 191-203
    DDC: 610
    Abstract: This study documents the ethno-pharmacological importance of Edible Wild Fruits (EWFs) resource in the wild floral emporium of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Northern Pakistan. This is imitated in the great diversity of plants used for medicinal purposes as well as in their wide range of therapeutic applications. Ethnomedicinal data was collected through semi-structured and open ended interviews, questionnaires, field surveys and local gatherings. Use value (UV), Relative importance (RI), Relative frequency of citation (RFC), Informant consensus factor (ICF) and Family importance value (FIV) was calculated to elaborate the EWFs, their families, disease treated and significant fruit species based on use reports by informants. A total of 47 species of EWFs belonging to 32 genera and 23 families were reported to be used in traditional medicines. Family Rosaceae dominated with 26% species followed by Moraceae (12%) and Rhamnaceae (10%), with mostly tree type of growth form (55%). The most consumed part of plants was fruit (72%) followed by leaves (21%). Decoction (26%) and unprocessed fruit (24%) were the major modes of crude drug preparation. The Informant consensus factor (ICF) of Joint/body aches was the highest followed by digestive disorders. Use value index of Vitis vinifera (3.8), being the highest, followed by Malus pumila (2) and Vitis parvifolia (2). The tradition of using EWFs in treating ailments is a common practice among the tribal communities, depending on the socio-economic conditions of the people. The multiple uses of these EWFs suggest further investigation regarding phytochemical analysis and pharmaceutical applications.
    Note: Copyright: Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.029
    URL: Volltext
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26209297
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  • 34
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    Article
    Urine and plasma metabonomics coupled with UHPLC-QTOF/MS and multivariate data analysis on potential biomarkers in anemia and hematinic effects of herb pair Gui-Hong (2015)
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    In:  Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs Vol. 170 (2015), p. 175-183
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-8741
    Language: English
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of ethnopharmacology : an interdisciplinary journal devoted to bioscientific research on indigenous drugs
    Publ. der Quelle: Shannon : Elsevier Science Ireland
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 170 (2015), p. 175-183
    DDC: 610
    Abstract: The compatibility of Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui) and Carthami Flos (Honghua), a famous herb pair Gui-Hong, can produce synergistic and complementary hematinic effects. Our previous studies have indicated that Gui-Hong has therapeutic potential treatment in hemolytic and aplastic anemia (HAA). The present study aimed to investigate the hematinic effects of Danggui, Honghua and Gui-Hong on HAA rats induced by acetyl phenylhydrazine (APH) and cyclophosphamide (CP) and to explore the underlying hematinic regulation mechanisms. Rats were divided into 5 groups, and drugs were administered by oral gavage one time each day for continuous 7 days from the experiment began. Urine and plasma were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS). Partial least-squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) models were built to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Danggui, Honghua and Gui-Hong. Pearson correlation matrix analysis method was used to discover the correlations between potential biomarkers and biochemical indicators of HAA rats. Seven potential biomarkers contribute to the separation of model group and control group were tentatively identified. The levels of l-kynurenine, phenylalanine, nicotinic acid and sphingosine increased significantly (P〈0.05) in HAA rats, while the levels of l-isoleucine, l-tyrosine and serotonin decreased significantly (P〈0.05) in comparison with control rats. Those endogenous metabolites were chiefly involved in phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism and tyrosine metabolism. The metabolic deviations could be regulated closer to normal level after Danggui, Honghua and Gui-Hong intervention. In term of hematinic effects, Gui-Hong was the most effective as shown by the relative distance in PLS-DA score plots and relative intensity of potential biomarkers. The result reflected the synergic action between Danggui and Honghua. The above results were found to be reasonable in explaining the hematinic effects mechanism of Gui-Hong. The results of routine blood, urinary metabolic pattern and plasma metabolic pattern show the Danggui, Honghua and Gui-Hong groups are moving toward the control group and the HAA was being prevented and alleviated. The effect of Gui-Hong group is more remarkable than Danggui and Honghua groups. Some potential biomarkers like l-kynurenine, phenylalanine, l-isoleucine, l-tyrosine, serotonin, nicotinic acid and sphingosine have been found and identified. The work shows that the metabonomics method is a promising tool in the efficacy and mechanism research of traditional Chinese medicines.
    Note: Copyright: Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.019
    URL: Volltext
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25985767
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