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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (115)
  • 1995-1999  (59)
  • 1970-1974  (51)
  • 1960-1964  (4)
  • 1940-1944  (1)
  • Boston, MA : Springer US  (115)
Datasource
Material
Language
Years
Year
Author, Corporation
Publisher
Keywords
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Beauty and the Beast : The Aesthetic Moment in Science (1999)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489961440
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 202 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science History ; Science—History.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-6144-0
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Private Funds, Public Purpose : Philanthropic Foundations in International Perspective (1999)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461548935
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 264 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nonprofit and Civil Society Studies, An International Multidisciplinary Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Business. ; Management science. ; Political science. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: Comparative information detailing the cultural, legal and historical environments of foundations in international settings has been scarce - until now. Written by scholars from six countries, this text covers philanthropic foundations in the world's busiest commercial centers - the U.S. and Eastern and Western Europe. It reports on the structures and mindsets that shape foundations' gift giving, and discusses different aspects of foundation management. Case studies of the French and Italian foundation communities and a comparative legal chapter are especially notable
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4893-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Financial Ethics (1999)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461550396
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 164 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Industrial management ; Ethics ; Business ethics. ; Finance. ; Management.
    Abstract: Financial Ethics presents an exploration of this relatively new subject. The book will follow two different trails, which eventually are brought together. The first trail is an exploration in Chapters One and Two of the general nature of the finance industry, of the institutions which make it up, of the people in it and the pressures they are under. The first trail also examines the nature of the reward system in the finance industry. The second trail is an examination of the guidance people can obtain from four of the world's great religions on exactly how people ought to behave when engaged in the financial industry. The second part of the book is contained in Chapters Three to Nine. If people propose to advise the financiers to be ethical, it is important to know what is meant by this, and to call upon reliable sources and why they are using the four particular religious sources chosen. The next four chapters extract business and financial commands and one or two important interpretive writings from Judaism, Christianity, Islam and Buddhism. Part Three of the book (Chapters Ten to Thirteen) is a distillation of the concepts from the religions, an application of the concepts to the modern financial world, and a discussion of the various organizational tools which might be used to put them into operation
    Description / Table of Contents: I -The Problem Domain1 The Jobs of the Capital Markets, and the People Who Do Them -- 2 A Focus on the Problem we are Addressing -- Two - Guidance From The Religions -- 3 Plan and Introduction to the Religious Guidance Chapters -- 4 The Jewish Tradition -- 5 The Christian Tradition -- 6 The Islamic Tradtion -- 7 The Buddhist Tradition -- 8 An Aggregation of the Commands of the Religions -- 9 The Remaining Task:The Commands We Have Yet to Fulfill -- III - Testing, And Then Marketing, The Second Ethical Command -- 10 Some Financial Transactions for Testing -- 11 Political and Organisational Tools for Gaining Acceptance of an Ethical Command -- 12 Consequences and Conclusions -- 13 Epilogue: A Personal Action Plan.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5039-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genomic Diversity : Applications in Human Population Genetics (1999)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461542636
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 246 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Human genetics ; Evolution (Biology) ; Anthropology ; Medical genetics.
    Abstract: One of the major themes of human population genetics is assaying genetic variation in human populations. The ultimate goal of this objective is to understand the extent of genetic diversity and the use of this knowledge to reconstruct our evolutionary history. The discipline had undergone a revolutionary transition with the advent of molecular techniques in the 1980s. With this shift, statistical methods have also been developed to perceive the biological and molecular basis of human genetic variation. Using the new perspectives gained during the above transition, this volume describes the applications of molecular markers spanning the autosomal, Y-chromosomal and mitochondrial genome in the analysis of human diversity in contemporary populations. This is the first reference book of its kind to bring together data from these diverse sets of markers for understanding evolutionary histories and relationships of modern humans in a single volume
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Classical to Molecular Polymorphisms: Population Genetic Studies from the Indian Sub-Continent2. Variability in nDNA, mtDNA, and Proteins: A Test Case -- 3. Genetic Diversity among Five Native American Tribes of Colombia: Evidence from Nine Autosomal Microsatellites -- 4. Trinucleotide Repeats, Genetic Instability and Variation in the Human Genome -- 5. Y-Chromosomal DNA Markers -- 6. On the Genetic Origin of the Turks: Study of Six Y-Chromosomal Short Tandem Repeats -- 7. The Origins of Pakistani Populations: Evidence from Y Chromosome Markers -- 8. The Use of Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation to Investigate Population History: Recent Male Spread in Asia and Europe -- 9. A Mitochondrial DNA Database: Applications to Problems of Nomenclature and Population Genetics -- 10. The Trans-Caucasus and the Expansion of the Caucasoid-Specific Human Mitochondrial DNA -- 11. The Place of the Indian Mitochondrial DNA Variants in the Global Network of Maternal Lineages and the Peopling of the Old World -- 12. Mitochondrial DNA Variation in the Southwest Pacific -- 13. Molecular Anthropology: Progress and Perspectives on Ancient DNA Technology -- 14. Interspersed Repeat Insertion Polymorphisms for Studies of Human Molecular Anthropology -- 15. Worldwide Distribution of a PolymorphicAluInsertion in the Progesterone Receptor Gene -- 16. Statistical Issues Regarding the Use of Microsatellite Loci for Molecular Anthropological Studies -- Epilogue -- Corresponding Authors.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4263-6
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Commercialization of Genetic Research : Ethical, Legal, and Policy Issues (1999)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461547136
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 200 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 170
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Law
    Abstract: This volume examines the ethical, legal, and policy issues associated with the commercialization of genetic research and will be of interest to the academic community (law, ethics, medicine and genetics) and the biotechnology industry, as well as those actively involved in genetic research. The linkage between industry and human genetics has given rise to numerous issues associated with the commercialization process. The topics covered will include commercialization and the university, commercialization and patents, clones and xenotransplants, the public perception of genetics, the role of the media, commercialization, confidentiality, and conflicts of interest, regulating the commercial environment, and the role of research ethics boards
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Biotechnology: Sovereignty and Sharing2. National Policies Influencing Innovation based on Human Genetics -- 3. Transformation of a Research Platform into Commercial Products: The Impact of United States Federal Policy on Biotechnology -- 4. Intellectual Property Rights and the Human Genome -- 5. Making Room: Reintegrating Basic Research, Health Policy, and Ethics into Patent Law -- 6. Conflict of Interest and Commercialization of Biomedical Research:What is the Role of Research Ethics Review? -- 7. Scientific Journals and Their Authors’ Financial Interests: A Pilot Study -- 8. The Icelandic Health Sector Database: Legal and Ethical Considerations -- 9. Xenotransplantation: Science, Risk and International Regulatory Efforts -- 10. Cloning, God, Hitler and Mad Scientists: Arguments Used by the Public in the Cloning Debate on the Internet -- 11. Patients’ and Professionals’ Views on Autonomy, Disability, and “Discrimination”: Results of a 36-Nation Survey -- 12. Marketing and Fear Mongering: Time to Try Private Genetic Services? -- Contributors.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4713-6
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Looking into the Eyes of a Killer : A Psychiatrist’s Journey through the Murderer’s World (1998)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489960887
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (271 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Criminology
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-6088-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Are Schools Really Like This? : Factors Affecting Teacher Attitude toward School Improvement (1998)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781475792829
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 191 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Innovations in Science Education and Technology 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Developmental psychology ; School Psychology.
    Abstract: J. Gary Lilyquist synthesizes such innovative concepts as, systems thinking, mental models, effective school research, and Deming's theories of management to propose the new Balance Alignment Model, a wide-ranging approach for fostering school improvement. Three case studies demonstrate why schools are not improving and how Lilyquist's model can facilitate student learning
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-9282-9
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  • 8
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    Inheritance and Wealth in America (1998)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489919311
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 226 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Economics ; Sociology.
    Abstract: Inheritance and Wealth in America is a superb collection of original essays, written in nontechnical language by experts in sociology, economics, anthropology, history, law, and other disciplines. Notable chapters provide - an outstanding interpretative history of inheritance in American legal thought - a critical review of the literature on the economics of inheritance at the household and societal levels - a superb history of Federal taxation of wealth transfers, and - a sociological examination of inheritance and its role in class reproduction and stratification. This groundbreaking work is of value to any researcher dealing with the transmission of wealth and privilege across generations
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1931-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
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    The European Difference : Business Ethics in the Community of European Management Schools (1998)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461555957
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 110 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Economics ; Ethics ; Business. ; Management science.
    Abstract: The European Difference: Business Ethics in the Community of European Management Schools aims to present the business ethics provisions, programs and experiences of member universities of the Community of European Management Schools (CEMS). This book also attempts to demonstrate the distinctiveness and cultural integrity of European business ethics. Not surprisingly, the character and the level of development of business ethics in the represented European countries are diverse. However, common characteristics can be discovered in the business ethics experiences described in this volume. One principal theme that emerges is that European business ethics is deeply rooted in culture and less influenced by abstract principles and ideas. Some critical distance from the mainstream American approach to business ethics is also a common characteristic of contributions in this book. This book was born from the fruitful exchange of the CEMS Inter-faculty Group in Business Ethics. CEMS was founded in 1988 as an association of top-level schools of management education throughout Europe, and inter-faculty groups were established to develop joint teaching materials and to encourage collaboration among the researchers at the various CEMS schools
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Theory and Practice of Business Ethics in Denmark2. Business Ethics at the Stockholm School of Economics -- 3. “Polder-ethics”: Business Ethics in the Netherlands -- 4. Business Ethics in France: “Comment faire sans philosophie?” -- 5. From Teaching to Learning of Business Ethics in Barcelona -- 6. Integrative Business Ethics - A Critical Approach in St. Gallen -- 7. Business Ethics at the University of Economics in Prague -- 8. Establishing Business Ethics in Budapest -- Notes on Contributors -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5595-7
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  • 10
    Online Resource
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    Maritime Archaeology : A Reader of Substantive and Theoretical Contributions (1998)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489900845
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 590 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Springer Series in Underwater Archaeology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Ecology ; Anthropology ; Archaeology
    Abstract: This unique text presents a variety of writings discussing the spectrum of theory and practice in maritime archaeology from its beginnings in the late 1940s to the early 1990s. It is the first such comprehensive reference available, covering the field's history, approaches to fieldwork, technical developments, and areal bibliographies. Notable attention is given to the scientific method in two classic chapters by Platt and Chamberlin, augmented by flow charts and examples. Comparative readings explore the differing views of academics, amateurs, and treasure hunters on the contentious subject of underwater resources. Students will find no more complete introduction to the subject
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-0084-5
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  • 11
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    Continuities in Sociological Human Ecology (1998)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781475798418
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 373 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Springer Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology ; Demography ; Sociology. ; Population.
    Abstract: This superb overview of sociological human ecology over the past 50 years engages the subject in terms of conceptual and theoretical issues, and in its empirical application to practical problems. The text focuses on the idea of sustainable development, asking what conditions are necessary for humanity to achieve continued improvement in standards of living. Contributors review issues of demographic change and environmental protection in sketching out the means of managing the Earth's fragile ecosystem in the decades to come. They emphasize that fundamental changes in human patterns of activity and organization are making sustainability an increasingly realistic policy goal
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-9841-8
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  • 12
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    Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences : Accepted by Colleges and Universities of the United States and Canada. Volume 21 (1997)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781475757828
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 290 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and dis­ seminated by the Center for lnformation and Numerica/ Data Analysis and Synthesis (C/NDAS) * at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the ac­ tivity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficia! to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After fi ve years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of ali concerned if the printing and distribution of the volume were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and App/ied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. Ali back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 21 (thesis year 1976) a total of 10,586 theses titles from 25 Canadian and 219 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for theses titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-5782-8
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  • 13
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    Emergence and Change in Early Urban Societies (1997)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489918482
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 301 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Fundamental Issues in Archaeology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Archaeology
    Abstract: This wide-ranging reference provides an overview of the different factors involved in the emergence and change in early urban societies in the Fourth Millennium B.C., including Mesopotamia and Egypt, pre-Shang China, Classic Horizon Central Mexico and the Mayan area, and middle Horizon societies in the Andean region. The contributors examine such factors as centralized storage and redistributive economies, agro-managerial models, mercantile network control, and conflict and conquest. The coverage emphasizes specific archaeological data useful in theoretical construction
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1848-2
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  • 14
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    Americanist Culture History : Fundamentals of Time, Space, and Form (1997)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461559115
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 499 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Archaeology
    Abstract: Americanist Culture History reprints thirty-nine classic works of Americanist archaeological literature published between 1907 and 1971. The articles, in which the key concepts and analytical techniques of culture history were first defined and discussed, are reprinted, with original pagination and references, to enhance the use of this collection as a research and teaching resource. The editors also include an introduction that summarizes the rise and fall of the culture history paradigm, making this volume an excellent introduction to the field's primary literature
    Description / Table of Contents: From The Emeryville ShellmoundReport of the Committee on Archeological Nomenclature -- Archaeological Investigations in the Valley of Mexico by the International School, 1911-12 -- From Areas of American Culture Characterization Tentatively Outlined as an Aid in the Study of Antiquities -- Chronology of the Tano Ruins, New Mexico -- Zuñi Culture Sequences -- From An Outline for a Chronology of Zuñi Ruins -- A Design-Sequence from New Mexico -- From Notes on the Pottery of Pecos -- Diffusion and Independent Invention: A Critique of Logic -- The Culture-Area and Age-Area Concepts of Clark Wissler -- Editorials: Methodology in the Southwest -- From Analysis of Village Site Collections from Louisiana and Mississippi -- A Chronological Method Applicable to the Southeast -- Report of the Conference on Southeastern Pottery Typology -- From Handbook of Northern Arizona Pottery Wares -- From Prehistory in Haiti, A Study in Method -- The Midwestern Taxonomic Method as an Aid to Archaeological Culture Study -- Statistical Classification -- The Typological Concept -- From The Archaeology of Alkali Ridge, Southeastern Utah -- From Cultural Dating of Prehistoric Sites in Virú Valley, Peru -- The Place of Chronological Ordering in Archaeological Analysis -- From Archaeological Survey in the Lower Mississippi Valley, 1940-1947 -- From Measurements of Some Prehistoric Design Developments in the Southeastern States -- Statistical Techniques for the Discovery of Artifact Types -- Comment on A. C. Spaulding’s “Statistical Techniques for the Discovery of Artifact Types” -- Reply to Ford -- The Type Concept Revisited -- Method and Theory in American Archeology: An Operational Basis for Culture-Historical Integration -- On the Correlation of Phases of Culture -- From An Archaeological Approach to the Study of Cultural Stability -- Ceramic Variety, Type Cluster, and Ceramic System in Southwestern Pottery Analysis -- The Classification of Artifacts in Archaeology -- The Use of Typology in Anthropological Theory -- Stratigraphy and Seriation -- The Doppler Effect and Archaeology: A Consideration of the Spatial Aspects of Seriation -- The Importance of Both Analytic and Taxonomic Classification in the Type-Variety System -- Sabloff and Smith’s “The Importance of Both Analytic and Taxonomic Classification in the Type-Variety System”.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5911-5
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  • 15
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    Adult Education - The Legislative and Policy Environment (1997)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489934505
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IV, 186 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Learning, Psychology of.
    Abstract: 1. Australia -- 2. Brazil -- 3. Côte D’Ivoire -- 4. Hungary -- 5. India -- 6. Maroc -- 7. The Philippines -- 8. Switzerland -- 9. England and Wales -- 10. United States of America.
    Abstract: The studies contained in this volume present a sampling of policy and legislation relating to adult learning in various parts of the world. They were produced in the context of a more complete survey, under the auspices of the UNESCO Institute for Education (UIE) in cooperation with the University of Florence, which sought to identify tendencies in this field over the past few years. The international research project, under which these of Paul national studies were made, was developed under the direction Belanger, Director of UIE, and Paolo Federighi, Professor at the University of Florence. An international publication by the two project directors, due to appear at the beginning of 1997, will report on the findings of the project, which involves 26 countries. The contributions presented here reflect a broad geographical spectrum as well as a wide range of policy models. From an analysis of these studies, it is apparent that this is a field in which there has been much innovation and which encompasses markedly varying approaches in response to different national conditions.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-3450-5
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  • 16
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    The Ingenious Mind of Nature : Deciphering the Patterns of Man, Society, and the Universe (1997)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489960207
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 450 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Philosophy of nature ; Developmental psychology ; Sociology.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-6020-7
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  • 17
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    The Scientist as Consultant : Building New Career Opportunities (1997)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489959928
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 341 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Economics ; Professional education. ; Vocational education. ; Business. ; Management science.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-5992-8
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  • 18
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    Sharing the Sky : A Parent’s and Teacher’s Guide to Astronomy (1997)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489963710
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 308 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Science Study and teaching ; Astronomy ; Science education. ; Astrophysics.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-6371-0
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  • 19
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    Archaeology and the Capitalist World System : A Study from Russian America (1997)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781475792799
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 286 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Global Historical Archaeology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Ecology ; Anthropology ; Archaeology ; History.
    Abstract: This fascinating monograph employs a world system model as the basis for archaeological investigation of Russian America that relates local findings to global patterns. Author Aron Crowell examines Russian, Spanish, and American historical sources along with the archaeological evidence to uncover a preliterate culture that left no written record of its contact with European colonial powers. Crowell's particular subject is the indigenous Qikertarmiut people of Kodiak Island off the coast of Alaska. The special case of this tribe serves as a microcosm of the history of colonialism, demonstrating how early European capitalism impacted and, in some cases, destroyed indigenous societies
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-9279-9
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  • 20
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    A Nation of Adversaries : How the Litigation Explosion Is Reshaping America (1997)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489966049
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 218 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Constitutional law ; Political science. ; Sociology.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-6604-9
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  • 21
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    An Operational Approach to Policy Analysis: The Craft : Prescriptions for Better Analysis (1997)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461541042
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXX, 253 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Economic policy ; Political science.
    Abstract: The aim of An Operational Approach to Policy Analysis: The Craft is to cut through the ambiguity and contradictions inherent in policy analysis by means of an operational-prescriptive approach. Its main objective is to encapsulate the essential concepts, methods and tools of policy analysis and to provide an insight into factors acting within and around the policy analysis process. Based on the collaborative research of Iris Geva-May and Aaron Wildavsky, the first full draft of An Operational Approach to Policy Analysis: The Craft was completed just before Dr Wildavsky's untimely death. Since that time, Dr Geva-May has worked to thoroughly revise and update the manuscript. An Operational Approach to Policy Analysis: The Craft can be used by researchers in political science, or as a textbook for any course in policy analysis, policy planning and evaluation. It will serve as a valuable source for students of political science, public policy, administration and management, as well as for policy analysts, researchers and executives in both the US and abroad
    Description / Table of Contents: One: Problem Definition in Policy AnalysisThe Nature of the Process -- Context and Actors -- Identifying Policy Goals -- Identifying Variables -- Degree of Complexity -- Gathering Data -- Summary: Major Considerations in Problem Definition -- Two: Modeling in Policy Analysis -- Reasons for Modeling -- Model Construction -- General Considerations -- Context and Audience -- Types of Models -- Criteria -- Model Validation -- The Role of Judgment in Modeling -- Pitfallsin Model Construction -- Pitfallsin Quantitative Models -- Summary: Analyst’s Check-list -- Three: Alternative Selection -- Generating Alternatives: General Considerations -- Considering Types of Solutions -- Choosing Among Alternatives: Considering Variables -- Choosing Among Alternatives: Using Criteria -- Cost Analysis in Alternative Choice -- Implementation Considerations:Political and Administrative Feasibility: 125 -- Summary: A Digest of Main Ideas -- Four: Argument Presentation -- The Analyst -- Role and Requirements -- Considerations in Argument Presentation: -- Audience and Contexts -- Supporters and Opponents -- Argumentation Techniques -- General Strategies -- Communication Tactics -- Summary: A Precis of Main Ideas -- Five: Implementing Termination -- Reasons for Non-Termination: -- Organizational Persistence -- Costs • Emotional and Political -- Costs • Legal and Financial -- Ethics -- Types of Termination -- Strategies: -- Planning Ahead -- Minimizing Opposition -- Argumentation -- Pitfalls -- Summary: Analyst’s Check List -- References -- Index to Authors Cited -- Index to Subject Matter.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4104-2
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  • 22
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    Mississippian Political Economy (1997)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489918468
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 458 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Archaeology
    Abstract: This ambitious work offers a coherent and comprehensive look at the material conditions underlying and stimulating political development in southeastern North America during the Mississippian period. After introducing theoretical issues, Muller addresses reproduction, production, distribution, and consumption within their social and material contexts. Examined through the lens of the production, distribution, and consumption of prestige and staple goods, a profoundly domestic, though significantly differentiated, Mississippian political economy emerges. This study's broad synthetic view ensures that neither environment nor ideology are overemphasized. A fine statement of an important theoretical position, the volume features considerable graphic and tabular presentation of data
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1846-8
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  • 23
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    Family Abuse : Tough Solutions to Stop the Violence (1997)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489961204
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 310 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sexual behavior ; Sociology. ; Social groups. ; Sex (Psychology).
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-6120-4
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  • 24
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    Structural Design in Wood (1997)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461540823
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 448 p) , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: VNR Structural Engineering Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Engineering ; Wood ; Civil engineering ; Biogeography.
    Abstract: This second edition of the best-selling Structural Design in Wood retains many of the first edition's unique features, with additions reflecting recent advances in the field and the adoption of the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) method. It is the only book available that contains both the Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and LRFD methods. Structural Design in Wood, Second Edition is a valuable reference for practicing structural engineers and architects who work with other materials but want to strengthen their capabilities with wood. It is also an invaluable text to help engineering or architecture students make a smooth transition from academia to practical application of their degrees
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4082-3
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 25
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    Helping Relationships in Mental Health (1996)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489932242
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 201 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social work ; Applied psychology ; Psychiatry ; Social service. ; Counseling.
    Abstract: 1. Client group and social context -- 2. Models, theories and processes -- 3. Case management responses -- 4. Therapeutic relationships -- 5. Supportive relationships -- 6. User empowering relationships -- 7. Sociocultural considerations -- 8. Supervisory relationships: client supervision -- 9. Supervisory relationships: staff supervision.
    Abstract: How do you respond to the distress of a man who is sitting before you, in his own flat, towels draped around his shoulders, newspaper wedged beneath the brim of his hat, an upturned frying pan over his hat and a partially filled washing-up bowl balanced on top of the frying pan? He holds the bowl with one hand and a cigarette in the other, while he force­ fully proclaims the secret services have placed someone in the flat above to drop radioactive dust down on him all day and all night. To start with, you could offer him a light for his cigarette. The most likely medical response would be to consider increasing his antipsychotic medicine, though a cursory glance at his medical history suggests that inpatient admissions and large mUltiple prescriptions of injections and tablets have failed to eradicate the distressing fears that the secret services have occupied the ward above. Perhaps all the increased medication will achieve is to stop him going upstairs intent on retribu­ tion. It may even leaden his limbs sufficiently to make his current balanc­ ing act too difficult to sustain.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-3224-2
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  • 26
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    SWAT Teams : Explosive Face-Offs with America’s Deadliest Criminals (1996)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489960481
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 307 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Criminology
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-6048-1
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  • 27
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    Mass Hate : The Global Rise of Genocide and Terror (1996)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489960849
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 340 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Criminal Law ; Economic policy
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-6084-9
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  • 28
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    Villagers of the Maros : A Portrait of an Early Bronze Age Society (1996)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489903044
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 400 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Archaeology
    Abstract: John M. O'Shea explores this question by employing modern archaeological theory and analysis as well as mortuary theory to build a model of an Early Bronze Age society in the eastern Carpathian Basin. He focuses on the Maros communities and utilizes the densely encoded social information from their cemeteries to draw a picture of the Maros' social systems
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-0304-4
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  • 29
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    Stone Tools : Theoretical Insights into Human Prehistory (1996)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489901736
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 404 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Archaeology ; Life sciences. ; Manufactures.
    Abstract: Lithic analysts have been criticized for being atheoretical in their approach, or at least for not contributing to building archaeological theory. This volume redresses that balance. In Stone Tools, renowned lithic analysts employ explicitly theoretical constructs to explore the archaeological record and use the lithic database to establish its points. Chapters discuss curation, design theory, replacement of stone with metal, piece refitting, and projectile point style
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-0173-6
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  • 30
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    Deinstitutionalization and Community Living : Intellectual disability services in Britain, Scandinavia and the USA (1996)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489945174
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 289 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Pharmacy ; Sociology.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-4517-4
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  • 31
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    The Doctor-Activist : Physicians Fighting for Social Change (1996)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489960320
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 254 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Medicine ; Social work ; Psychology, clinical ; Social service. ; Medicine, Preventive. ; Health promotion. ; Clinical health psychology.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-6032-0
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  • 32
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    Millennium Rage : Survivalists, White Supremacists, and the Doomsday Prophecy (1996)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489960764
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 295 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-6076-4
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  • 33
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    The Decline and Fall of the American Empire : Corruption, Decadence, and the American Dream (1996)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489960344
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 327 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-6034-4
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  • 34
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    Business Research Through Argument (1996)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461522911
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 152 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Economics ; Auditing ; Social sciences Methodology ; Operations research ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Business. ; Management science. ; Accounting.
    Abstract: This book suggests that business research, in the collection, analysis, and communication of evidence, will benefit from explicit acceptance of research as argumentation. Argumentation is the process of compiling an argument through selection and organization of the relevant evidence. Recently, business research methods books have placed too much emphasis on the scientific method as brute empiricism, using only large sample statistical testing and demanding prediction through retesting old theories. Especially with regard to the study of human activity, there is now much evidence that there is not one special scientific method. This book argues that all types of empirical data, including statistics and personal experiences, be accepted as data, but that it is essential that these observations be explained. This book will provide researchers and postgraduate business students with a strategy for conducting research that encourages thought, provides a way of critically perceiving previous research, as well as suggesting a logical structure for communicating their research
    Description / Table of Contents: Chp.1: Against Personal ObjectivityObjectivity -- Some History -- Self - deception -- Appendix from Broad and Wane -- Objectivity and Group Argument -- Conclusion -- Chp.2: People Ain’t Molecules -- The Impact of the Observer -- Argument vs Observation -- Against the Dominance of Statistics -- Interpretive or Qualitative Methods -- Eclectic Methods -- Conclusion -- Chp.3: Argument -- Limits of Proof -- Argument for Objectivity -- Definition of Theory -- Commitment -- Bias Ethics -- Scientific Thinking -- Perelman & Olbrechts-Tyteca -- Source of Argument? -- Conclusion -- Chp.4: Argument Structure -- Specific vs General -- Motivation for the Study -- Parts of the Structure -- Unwanted Attributes? -- Conclusion -- Chp.5: Commentaries -- A: The Business Suit Theory -- B: The Lego Assignment -- C: The Austrian Experience -- Chp.6: Evidence from Interviews -- Who to Interview -- Intentions vs Opinions -- Concerned Persons -- Best Experts -- Unlearning and Anchoring -- Optimism -- Interaction Effects -- The Interview -- Problems with Human Judgment -- Chp.7: Evidence from Questionnaires -- Organization -- Data Types -- Annual Profit Questionale -- Questionnaire -- Tests -- Internal and External Validity -- Reference.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2291-1
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  • 35
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    The Grammar of Discourse (1996)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489901620
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 362 p) , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Topics in Language and Linguistics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics ; Consciousness ; Cognitive psychology. ; Language and languages—Style.
    Abstract: The Second Edition of The Grammar of Discourse critically evaluates and updates Robert E. Longacre's ambitious work dedicated to the thesis that language is language only in context, and that context's natural role in the resolution of sentence ambiguities has been overlooked for too long by linguists. This new edition advances even further the `discourse revolution' which Longacre predicted in the First Edition would come in response to the demand for greater explanatory power through context. The most cogent application of this, one which makes the book unique among linguistics texts, is the author's exhaustive investigation into the interface of the morphosyntax of a language with its textual structures. This expanded volume builds upon its predecessor's major points, with new chapters increasing the coverage of paragraph and clause structure-the latter being handled in a new chapter which solves a problem posed in the original edition: how holistic concerns of structure, especially the recognition of different strands of information, relate to the constituent structure of discourse. The insights contained in this chapter create an opportunity to tie in current discussions of transitivity, ergativity, the antipassive, agency hierarchy, order-preserving transformations, and word-order concerns into the structure of discourse.Other noteworthy features of the Second Edition include: The integration of information salience, local dominance, and paragraph type to answer the question `What makes a discourse followable ?' -A study of dialogue relations-The formalization of the interrelations of tagmeme and syntagmeme, and of the varieties of exponence on the various levels of hierarchy-The use of an expanded and enriched statement calculus to better pinpoint logical relations between predications-The use of a similarly enriched predicate calculus to present case frames-A stepped diagram presentation of paragraph level analyses.〉 With material tested in classes at the University of Texas, Arlington, this influential work merits serious consideration as a text for first-year graduate courses in linguistics
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-0162-0
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  • 36
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    Professional Care for the Elderly Mentally Ill (1996)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489930156
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 265 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology.
    Abstract: 1 Square pegs in round holes: the social context of the lives of older people -- 2 Advocacy, empowerment and carers -- 3 Assessment of an older person with mental health problems -- 4 Risk and decision making -- 5 From factory to free range: managing change in caring practice -- 6 Purposeful activity as a treatment medium -- 7 Dance movement therapy: a group therapy approach for older people with mental health problems -- 8 Group grief therapy -- 9 Sexuality and the older adult -- 10 Cultural issues in the care of mentally ill Asian elders -- 11 Flying towards Neverland -- 12 Abuse directed towards older people -- 13 Shaping the cutting edge: strategy development for nurse managers.
    Abstract: Services to older people with mental health problems have gone through radical change in recent years. Legislation has had a profound effect by dictating how care to older people is delivered both within hospital and within the community. The recent government agenda emphasizes cost effectiveness, value for money and accountability. This, too, is an important driving force in re-evaluat­ ing the service, although not everyone would agree with many of the proposed strategies and there are clearly different views as to the appropriateness of many of the services. One thing is certain, however - the move towards interdiscipli­ nary working is here to stay. Not all change has been led by legislation, and many innovations have been founded in the day-to-day practices in the care of older people with mental health problems. A service, of course, does not become integrated merely by imposing joint­ working on a number of professionally based disciplines, and in many ways this may not be desirable. At its worst it produces duplication, where people from different background are all doing the same job. This is not the intention of joint-working, instead it should attempt to improve the quality of service by a rich mix of skills and experience from a number of related disciplines.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-3015-6
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  • 37
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    Beyond the Conscious Mind : Unlocking the Secrets of the Self (1996)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489945334
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 308 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Applied psychology ; Consciousness ; Philosophy of mind ; Cognitive psychology. ; Counseling.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-4533-4
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  • 38
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    MHC Molecules: Expression, Assembly and Function (1996)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468464627
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Major Histocompatibility Antigens: An Introduction -- 2. The Major Histocompatibility Complex Genes and Their Transcriptional Regulation -- The Murine Major Histocompatibility Complex -- The Major Histocompatibility Complex of Humans, the HLA -- Developmental and Tissue-Specific Expression of MHC Genes -- Role of Aberrant Expression of MHC Gene Products in Immunologic Disease -- Cis-Elements and Transcription Factors That Control MHC Class I Gene Expression -- Factors and Elements That Control MHC Class II Gene Expression -- Models of Activation and Repression -- Concluding Comments -- 3. TAP Peptide Transporters and Antigen Presentation -- Evidence for Peptide Translocation by TAP -- Tap Genes and Sequences -- TAP as Member of the ABC Transporter Family -- Structure and Assembly of the TAP Complex -- In Vitro Assays for Peptide Binding and Transport by TAP -- Sequence Specificity of Peptide Transport by Different TAP Molecules -- Relating Specificity to the Structure of Polymorphic TAP Molecules -- Length of Transported Peptides -- TAP-Dependent and Independent Presentation -- TAP and Disease -- Concluding Remarks -- 4. Molecular Chaperones in MHC Class I and Class II Biosynthesis and Assembly -- Introduction: ER Resident Molecular Chaperones -- Molecular Chaperones Implicated in Class I Biosynthesis and Assembly -- Molecular Chaperones Implicated in MHC Class II Biosynthesis and Assembly -- Quality Control of MHC Molecules Mediated by Molecular Chaperones -- 5. Polypeptide Release from Lysosomes -- Synthesis and Transport of Lysosomal Hydrolases -- Entry of Degradation Substrates -- Lysosomal Hydrolysis -- Polypeptide Release from Lysosomes -- Possible Immunological Relevance -- Conclusion -- 6. Intracellular Trafficking of MHC Class II Molecules -- Assembly of MHC Class II Molecules in the ER and Early Stages of Transport -- Processing Intermediates of Invariant Chain -- Post-Golgi Trafficking of MHC Class II Molecules and Sites of Invariant Chain Degradation -- Intracellular Sites of Assembly of Peptide:MHC Class II Complexes -- 7. The Role of HLA-DM in Class II Antigen Presentation -- DM Sequence and Structure -- Regulation of Expression -- Genomic Organization of DM Genes -- Evolutionary Considerations -- DM Polymorphism -- Analysis of DM Mutant Cells -- The Mechanism of DM Action -- The Biology of Antigen Processing -- The Biosynthesis and Maturation of Class II -- Conclusion -- 8. Crystallographic Analysis of Peptide Binding by Class I and Class II Major Histocompatibility Antigens -- Class I Major Histocompatibility Antigens -- Class II Major Histocompatibility Antigens -- Similarities and Differences Between Class I and Class II Major Histocompatibility Antigens -- 9. HLA and Disease: Molecular Basis -- Tissue Typing Techniques -- Epidemiological Analysis -- Paradigms of Diseases Associated with the MHC -- HLA-B27 and Ankylosing Spondylitis -- MHC II and Disease -- Concluding Remarks -- 10. Epitope Prediction Algorithms for Class I MHC Molecules -- Elucidation of Peptide-Binding Motifs -- Anchor Residues -- Peptide-Binding Assays -- Physical Basis for Peptide-Binding Motifs -- Prediction of Binding Peptides -- Exceptional Peptides -- Peptide Binding and Antigenicity -- Conclusions -- 11. Options for TCR Interactions: TCR Agonists, Antagonists and Partial Agonists -- Introduction: Smart and Dumb T Cell Receptors -- Full Agonists, Partial Agonists and Antagonists -- What Do TCR Partial Agonists and Antagonists Do? -- T Cell Development -- The Direction of Mature T Cell Responses -- The Two Edged Sword: Antagonists as Protectors and Perpetrators of Disease -- How Do Antagonist/Partial Agonists Work? -- Concluding Remarks -- 12. Role of Ligand Density in T Cell Reactions -- Background -- The Study of Peptides Recognized by CD8+ CTL -- What Determines the Efficacy of CTL-Mediated Target Cell Lysis? -- Role of Ligand Density -- Concluding Remarks -- 13. Cooperative Recognition of MHC Class II Molecules:Peptide Complexes by the T Cell Receptor and CD4 -- TCR Recognition of MHC Class II:Peptide Complexes -- CD4 Binding to MHC Class II Molecules -- CD4 Interaction With the TCR:CD3 Complex -- Conclusions -- 14. Receptors for MHC Class I Molecules in Human Natural Killer Cells -- MHC Class I Molecules Inhibit NK Cell Cytotoxicity -- Murine NK Inhibitory Receptors -- Human NK Inhibitory Receptors -- A New Family of Immunoglobulin-Superfamily (Ig-SF) Genes Selectively Expressed in Human NK Cells -- Evidence That NK-Specific Ig-SF Genes May Encode Human Receptors for Class I Molecules -- NK Recognition of MHC Class I Molecules Is Mediated by a Complex System -- 15. The MHC in Host-Pathogen Evolution -- Selection Acting on the Human Host -- Pathogen Avoidance of T Cell Recognition -- Mechanisms of Decreasing Antigen Presentation -- Mechanisms of Avoiding T Cell Recognition of Specific Epitopes -- Perspective -- 16. Peptide-Mediated Regulation of Allergic Diseases -- The Role of CD4+ T Cell Subsets -- The Immunological Objectives of Allergy Therapy -- Regulation of Specific T Cells by Peptides -- Deviation of Thl/Th2 Phenotype of the Responder Population -- 17. Genetic Modulation of Antigen Presentation -- Vaccines -- Genetic Immunization for Viral Diseases -- Treatment of Autoimmune Disease -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: 3 nant expression systems have been used to make MHC molecules con­ taining a single peptide of interest. To date, fifteen single peptide class I structures (incorporating three different HLA and two different H-2 allotypes/isotypes) and four additional class II structures (two single peptide complexes and two superantigen complexes) have been reported. These advances have enabled us to study the atomic detail of antigen presentation and the general mechanisms behind peptide binding, and begin to construct models of T cell recognition. Another area of research which has exploded over the past five years has been the identification of MHC-associated peptides. There are several methods one can use to determine the sequence identity of MHC restricted peptides. Historically, the most successful technique, albeit crude and encumbered with serious limitations, has been the use of overlapping synthetic peptides and T cell clones. Unfortunately, this method absolutely requires: (i) knowledge of the target antigen; (ii) availability of T cell clones; and (iii) a relatively short overall length for the target source protein, such that a set of overlapping pep tides can be affordably synthesized. Briefly, the entire sequence of the tar­ get protein is chemically synthesized using overlapping peptides which are then screened for biological activity using standard T cell presen­ tation assays. Despite its limitations, this method was used to identify the first immunodominant epitopes reported in the literature and con­ tinues to be used successfully today.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Major Histocompatibility Antigens: An Introduction2. The Major Histocompatibility Complex Genes and Their Transcriptional Regulation -- The Murine Major Histocompatibility Complex -- The Major Histocompatibility Complex of Humans, the HLA -- Developmental and Tissue-Specific Expression of MHC Genes -- Role of Aberrant Expression of MHC Gene Products in Immunologic Disease -- Cis-Elements and Transcription Factors That Control MHC Class I Gene Expression -- Factors and Elements That Control MHC Class II Gene Expression -- Models of Activation and Repression -- Concluding Comments -- 3. TAP Peptide Transporters and Antigen Presentation -- Evidence for Peptide Translocation by TAP -- Tap Genes and Sequences -- TAP as Member of the ABC Transporter Family -- Structure and Assembly of the TAP Complex -- In Vitro Assays for Peptide Binding and Transport by TAP -- Sequence Specificity of Peptide Transport by Different TAP Molecules -- Relating Specificity to the Structure of Polymorphic TAP Molecules -- Length of Transported Peptides -- TAP-Dependent and Independent Presentation -- TAP and Disease -- Concluding Remarks -- 4. Molecular Chaperones in MHC Class I and Class II Biosynthesis and Assembly -- Introduction: ER Resident Molecular Chaperones -- Molecular Chaperones Implicated in Class I Biosynthesis and Assembly -- Molecular Chaperones Implicated in MHC Class II Biosynthesis and Assembly -- Quality Control of MHC Molecules Mediated by Molecular Chaperones -- 5. Polypeptide Release from Lysosomes -- Synthesis and Transport of Lysosomal Hydrolases -- Entry of Degradation Substrates -- Lysosomal Hydrolysis -- Polypeptide Release from Lysosomes -- Possible Immunological Relevance -- Conclusion -- 6. Intracellular Trafficking of MHC Class II Molecules -- Assembly of MHC Class II Molecules in the ER and Early Stages of Transport -- Processing Intermediates of Invariant Chain -- Post-Golgi Trafficking of MHC Class II Molecules and Sites of Invariant Chain Degradation -- Intracellular Sites of Assembly of Peptide:MHC Class II Complexes -- 7. The Role of HLA-DM in Class II Antigen Presentation -- DM Sequence and Structure -- Regulation of Expression -- Genomic Organization of DM Genes -- Evolutionary Considerations -- DM Polymorphism -- Analysis of DM Mutant Cells -- The Mechanism of DM Action -- The Biology of Antigen Processing -- The Biosynthesis and Maturation of Class II -- Conclusion -- 8. Crystallographic Analysis of Peptide Binding by Class I and Class II Major Histocompatibility Antigens -- Class I Major Histocompatibility Antigens -- Class II Major Histocompatibility Antigens -- Similarities and Differences Between Class I and Class II Major Histocompatibility Antigens -- 9. HLA and Disease: Molecular Basis -- Tissue Typing Techniques -- Epidemiological Analysis -- Paradigms of Diseases Associated with the MHC -- HLA-B27 and Ankylosing Spondylitis -- MHC II and Disease -- Concluding Remarks -- 10. Epitope Prediction Algorithms for Class I MHC Molecules -- Elucidation of Peptide-Binding Motifs -- Anchor Residues -- Peptide-Binding Assays -- Physical Basis for Peptide-Binding Motifs -- Prediction of Binding Peptides -- Exceptional Peptides -- Peptide Binding and Antigenicity -- Conclusions -- 11. Options for TCR Interactions: TCR Agonists, Antagonists and Partial Agonists -- Introduction: Smart and Dumb T Cell Receptors -- Full Agonists, Partial Agonists and Antagonists -- What Do TCR Partial Agonists and Antagonists Do? -- T Cell Development -- The Direction of Mature T Cell Responses -- The Two Edged Sword: Antagonists as Protectors and Perpetrators of Disease -- How Do Antagonist/Partial Agonists Work? -- Concluding Remarks -- 12. Role of Ligand Density in T Cell Reactions -- Background -- The Study of Peptides Recognized by CD8+ CTL -- What Determines the Efficacy of CTL-Mediated Target Cell Lysis? -- Role of Ligand Density -- Concluding Remarks -- 13. Cooperative Recognition of MHC Class II Molecules:Peptide Complexes by the T Cell Receptor and CD4 -- TCR Recognition of MHC Class II:Peptide Complexes -- CD4 Binding to MHC Class II Molecules -- CD4 Interaction With the TCR:CD3 Complex -- Conclusions -- 14. Receptors for MHC Class I Molecules in Human Natural Killer Cells -- MHC Class I Molecules Inhibit NK Cell Cytotoxicity -- Murine NK Inhibitory Receptors -- Human NK Inhibitory Receptors -- A New Family of Immunoglobulin-Superfamily (Ig-SF) Genes Selectively Expressed in Human NK Cells -- Evidence That NK-Specific Ig-SF Genes May Encode Human Receptors for Class I Molecules -- NK Recognition of MHC Class I Molecules Is Mediated by a Complex System -- 15. The MHC in Host-Pathogen Evolution -- Selection Acting on the Human Host -- Pathogen Avoidance of T Cell Recognition -- Mechanisms of Decreasing Antigen Presentation -- Mechanisms of Avoiding T Cell Recognition of Specific Epitopes -- Perspective -- 16. Peptide-Mediated Regulation of Allergic Diseases -- The Role of CD4+ T Cell Subsets -- The Immunological Objectives of Allergy Therapy -- Regulation of Specific T Cells by Peptides -- Deviation of Thl/Th2 Phenotype of the Responder Population -- 17. Genetic Modulation of Antigen Presentation -- Vaccines -- Genetic Immunization for Viral Diseases -- Treatment of Autoimmune Disease -- Conclusion.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-6462-7
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  • 39
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    Randomised Controlled Clinical Trials (1996)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461563471
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 437 p) , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 344.0321
    Keywords: Law ; Medical records Data processing ; Public health laws
    Abstract: After 13 years there are new areas to discuss and more recent trials to be included. Good clinical practice; evaluation of quality of life; measurement of the benefit:risk comparison; determination of cost- effectiveness and cost utility; stopping rules for trials; meta-analysis and subgroup analysis are all new sections. The references are expanded from 305 to 512 and include the recent advances in trial design, such as the n-of-1 trials and megatrials, and up-to-date examples to illustrate the points made in the 20 chapters
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction2. The history of controlled trials -- 3. Ethical considerations -- 4. The objectives of a randomised controlled trial -- 5. Different trial designs -- 6. How many subjects are required for a trial? -- 7. How to ensure that the results are free of bias -- 8. Writing the protocol -- 9. Recruitment of subjects -- 10. Information to be collected during a trial -- 11. The conduct of the trial - Good Clinical Practice -- 12. Stopping rules for trials -- 13. The variability and validity of results -- 14. Analysis of the results, subgroup and meta-analysis -- 15. The evaluation of subjective well-being and measurement of quality of life -- 16. The detection of adverse drug reactions -- 17. Measurement of the benefit; risk comparison, cost-effectiveness and cost-utility -- 18. Early trials on new drugs -- 19. Failure to accept the results of randomised controlled trials -- 20. The advantages and disadvantages of randomised controlled trials -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-6347-1
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  • 40
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    Regulation of Gene Expression in Escherichia coli (1996)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468486018
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction: From Physiology to DNA and Back2. RNA Chain Initiation and Promoter Escape by RNA Polymerase -- 3. Transcription Termination and Its Control -- 4. Codon Context, Translational Step-Times and Attenuation -- 5. Control by Antisense RNA -- 6. Translational Control of Gene Expression in E. Coli and Bacteriophage -- 7. Effects of DNA Supercoiling on Gene Expression -- 8. The HU and IHF Proteins: Accessory Factors for Complex Protein-DNA Assemblies -- 9. The lac and gal Operons Today -- 10. The Maltose System -- 11. The Phosphoenolpyruvate-Dependent Carbohydrate: Phosphotransferase System (PTS) and Control of Carbon Source Utilization -- 12. The Cap Modulon -- 13. Regulation of Nitrogen Assimilation -- 14. History of the Pho System -- 15. Are the Multiple Signal Transduction Pathways of the Pho Regulon Due to Cross Talk or Cross Regulation? -- 16. The FNR Modulon and FNR-Regulated Gene Expression -- 17. The NAR Modulon Systems: Nitrate and Nitrite Regulation of Anaerobic Gene Expression -- 18. Regulation of Aerobic and Anaerobic Metabolism by the Arc System -- 19. The Porin Regulon: A Paradigm for the Two-Component Regulatory Systems -- 20. The Leucine\Lrp Regulon -- 21. Adaptive responses to Oxidative Stress: The soxRS and oxyR Regulons -- 22. The SOS Regulatory System -- 23. Heat Shock Regulation -- 24. Roles for Energy-Dependent Proteases in Regulatory Cascades -- 25. Control of rRNA and Ribosome Synthesis -- 26. Cell Division -- 27. Regulation of Gene Expression in Stationary Phase.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-8601-8
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  • 41
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    Caring for the Dying Patient and the Family (1995)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489933768
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 287 p) , online resource
    Edition: Third edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social work ; Sociology. ; Social groups. ; Social service.
    Abstract: 1 Looking at death and dying -- 2 The importance of communications with the patient, family and professional carers -- 3 Nursing assessment -- 4 Nursing care in symptom management -- 5 The problems of pain for the dying patient -- 6 The last hours of life -- 7 The role of the doctor -- 8 Meeting social needs — the role of the social worker -- 9 The value of physiotherapy -- 10 Care of the dying child and the family -- 11 Care of the dying patient with AIDS -- 12 Meeting the needs of staff -- 13 Religious beliefs and cultural issues -- 14 Ethical aspects -- 15 Use of a day centre -- 16 Care in the home -- 17 Nursing care of the dying patient in hospital -- 18 Care in a hospice -- 19 The place of complementary therapies -- 20 Issues of bereavement -- Useful addresses.
    Abstract: This third edition of a popular textbook has been completely revised by the joint editors, Janet Moscrop and Joy Robbins. As in previous editions, the focus is on the person dying at home, in residential care or in hospital and the emphasis is on teamwork in caring for the individual and their relatives and friends. Experts in all aspects of care have contributed to this complete revision of the previous text and each chapter is written by a different member of the multiprofessional team. The chapter on the terminal care of people suffering from AIDS has been enlarged and consideration is also given to care of those in the term­ inal stages of other non-malignant diseases. Other new material includes chapters on complementary therapy, the use of the day centre, the value of volunteers, diversional therapy and respite care. The chapter on bereavement covers many aspects of grief and loss and there is a sensitive approach to the need for supporting staff in this spe­ cialized work. Consideration is also given to the needs of dying and griev­ ing people from differing ethnic backgrounds with varying cultural expectations in a pluralistic society. The third edition offers a broad overview of the support given to the dying person and the carers by medical and nursing staff, physiothera­ pists, pharmacists, social workers, the chaplaincy and members of the pastoral care team. Students of all these disciplines should find this book both readable and informative.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-3376-8
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  • 42
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    Active Oxygen in Biochemistry (1995)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461397830
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 463 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Biological Reactions of Dioxygen: An Introduction -- 2 Oxygen Activation by Flavins and Pterins -- 3 Reactions of Dioxygen and Its Reduced Forms with Heme Proteins and Model Porphyrin Complexes -- 4 Dioxygen Reactivity in Copper Proteins and Complexes -- 5 Oxygen Activation at Nonheme Iron Centers -- 6 The Mechanism of Lipoxygenases -- 7 The Biological Significance of Oxygen-Derived Species -- 8 Metal-Complex-Catalyzed Cleavage of Biopolymers -- 9 Exploration of Selected Pathways for Metabolic Oxidative Ring Opening of Benzene Based on Estimates of Molecular Energetics -- 10 The Role of Oxidized Lipids in Cardiovascular Disease.
    Abstract: The field of "Oxygen Activation" has attracted considerable interest recently, not only because it presents challenges in those fields of basic research that aim to understand the fundamental aspects of chemical and biological reactions that involve dioxygen, but also because of its wide range of practical implications in such diverse fields as medicine, synthesis of pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds, materials science, and atmospheric science. This is the second of two volumes that focus on the subject of oxygen activation, the first slanted toward chemistry and the second toward biological chemistry. We planned these volumes to be more general than many monographs of this sort, not as detailed summaries of the authors' own research but rather as general overviews of the field. Our choice of topics was strongly influenced by our syllabus for a course entitled "Oxygen Chemistry," which two of us have twice taught jointly at UCLA. Definition of important issues, horizons, and future prospects was an important goal, and, although totally comprehensive coverage was not possible, we believe that we have chosen a representative selection of research topics current to the field. We have targeted this work to a diverse audience ranging from professionals in fields from physics to medicine to beginning graduate students who are interested in rapidly acquiring the basics of this field.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Biological Reactions of Dioxygen: An Introduction2 Oxygen Activation by Flavins and Pterins -- 3 Reactions of Dioxygen and Its Reduced Forms with Heme Proteins and Model Porphyrin Complexes -- 4 Dioxygen Reactivity in Copper Proteins and Complexes -- 5 Oxygen Activation at Nonheme Iron Centers -- 6 The Mechanism of Lipoxygenases -- 7 The Biological Significance of Oxygen-Derived Species -- 8 Metal-Complex-Catalyzed Cleavage of Biopolymers -- 9 Exploration of Selected Pathways for Metabolic Oxidative Ring Opening of Benzene Based on Estimates of Molecular Energetics -- 10 The Role of Oxidized Lipids in Cardiovascular Disease.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-9783-0
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  • 43
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    Designing a Place Called Home : Reordering the Suburbs (1995)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468414189
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One Housing Yesterday -- Two Housing Today -- Three Community Planning and Design -- Four Siting and Lot Patterns -- Five Floor Plans and Building Image -- Six Interior Details -- Seven Exterior Details -- Eight Multifamily Housing -- Nine Manufactured Housing -- Ten Conclusion: Housing Tomorrow -- Project Credits -- Notes -- Bibliograpy.
    Abstract: are often lined with garages in front of houses that are clearly more internalized in design, some even taking on a fortress-like appearance. Today's new homes are technically superior in construction; i.e., they are more energy efficient, weather resistant and maintenance free. However, they also seem to lack the warmth and charm of prewar homes, for which more construction dollars were spent on quality veneers, buUt-in features and other human-scale details. The postwar need for massive amounts of "affordable" housing for returning GIs helped to encourage buUding practices that could reduce on-site labor and material costs in houses. The accommodation of the automobile, cost-cutting movements and a variety of other trends caused a gradual decline in the human, social and emotional qualities of postwar residential architecture. This book will attempt to look at the issues and choices facing today's residential designers and home buUders and ask: How can we make our new houses and neighborhoods more responsive to humanistic needs, partlcularly in light of constant pressures to keep housing costs down? This question will generally be addressed by comparing historical designs to those of today, to see if we might be able to reconsider some "old-fashioned" ideas in new housing designs.
    Description / Table of Contents: One Housing YesterdayTwo Housing Today -- Three Community Planning and Design -- Four Siting and Lot Patterns -- Five Floor Plans and Building Image -- Six Interior Details -- Seven Exterior Details -- Eight Multifamily Housing -- Nine Manufactured Housing -- Ten Conclusion: Housing Tomorrow -- Project Credits -- Notes -- Bibliograpy.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-1418-9
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  • 44
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    Biological Effects of Magnetic Fields : Volume 2 (1995)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468483529
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Magnets in Biological Research -- Effects of Near-Zero Magnetic Fields upon Biological Systems -- The Effects of a Magnetic Field on DNA Synthesis by Ascites Sarcoma 37 Cells -- The Effect of Strong Inhomogeneous Magnetic Fields on Serum-Free Cell Cultures -- Effects of Magnetic Fields on Cellular Respiration -- Magnetic Field and in situ Acetylocholinesterase in the Vagal Heart System -- Effects of the Magnetic Field on Internal Organs and the Endocrine System of Mice -- Changes in Sodium and Potassium Content of Urine from Mice Subjected to Intense Magnetic Fields -- Changes in the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate of Rabbits Due to Exposure of the Central Nervous System to a Constant Magnetic Field -- Sensitivity of Some Plant Material to Magnetic Fields -- Biomagnetic Hypotheses -- The Effect of High-Gradient, High-Strength Magnetic Fields on the Early Embryonic Development of Frogs -- Mutagenic Effects of Magnetic Fields on Drosophila melanogaster -- The Effect of Magnetic Fields upon the Central Nervous System -- Investigations of the Reactions of Mammalian Brain to Static Magnetic Fields -- Effect of a Constant Magnetic Field on Invertebrate Neurons -- Preference of Mice to Consume Food and Water in an Environment of High Magnetic Field -- Vectorcardiogram and Aortic Blood Flow of Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) in a Strong Superconductive Electromagnet -- Magnetic Susceptibility of Biological Materials.
    Abstract: We define biomagnetism broadly as the science of processes and functions in living organisms induced by static magnetic fields. Biomagnetic research has greatly increased since the publication of the first volume of this series. While much of this work has been reported in various international journals, there exists a need for this work to be collected together in one place. This book covers a rather wide area of research, both with respect to the strength of the field, ranging from "zero" to 150,000 oersteds, and with respect to the various specimens and their biological functions. It is designed primarly to help clarify the action of magnetic fields on biological systems with the hope of achieving a better understanding of the fundamental physiological processes occurring in them. In some chapters it is suggested that magnetic fields could ultimately be used in the treatment of disease. I would like to take this occasion to thank the contributors for their generous interest and willing cooperation. M. F. B. June 1969 Chicago, Illinois v CONTRIBUTORS Robert A. Abler, Varian Associates, Palo Alto, California (page 1). M. M. Alexandrovskaya, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neuro­ physiology, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (page 215). Jena M. Barnothy, Biomagnetic Research Foundation, Evanston, Illinois (page 61). Madeleine F. Barnothy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois (pages xi, 103). Robert O. Becker, State University of New York, Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse; Veterans Administration Hospital, Syracuse, New York (page 207).
    Description / Table of Contents: Magnets in Biological ResearchEffects of Near-Zero Magnetic Fields upon Biological Systems -- The Effects of a Magnetic Field on DNA Synthesis by Ascites Sarcoma 37 Cells -- The Effect of Strong Inhomogeneous Magnetic Fields on Serum-Free Cell Cultures -- Effects of Magnetic Fields on Cellular Respiration -- Magnetic Field and in situ Acetylocholinesterase in the Vagal Heart System -- Effects of the Magnetic Field on Internal Organs and the Endocrine System of Mice -- Changes in Sodium and Potassium Content of Urine from Mice Subjected to Intense Magnetic Fields -- Changes in the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate of Rabbits Due to Exposure of the Central Nervous System to a Constant Magnetic Field -- Sensitivity of Some Plant Material to Magnetic Fields -- Biomagnetic Hypotheses -- The Effect of High-Gradient, High-Strength Magnetic Fields on the Early Embryonic Development of Frogs -- Mutagenic Effects of Magnetic Fields on Drosophila melanogaster -- The Effect of Magnetic Fields upon the Central Nervous System -- Investigations of the Reactions of Mammalian Brain to Static Magnetic Fields -- Effect of a Constant Magnetic Field on Invertebrate Neurons -- Preference of Mice to Consume Food and Water in an Environment of High Magnetic Field -- Vectorcardiogram and Aortic Blood Flow of Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) in a Strong Superconductive Electromagnet -- Magnetic Susceptibility of Biological Materials.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-8352-9
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  • 45
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    Empowerment in Community Care (1995)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489945075
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 314 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-4507-5
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  • 46
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    Fundamental Phenomena in the Materials Sciences : Volume 2 Surface Phenomena Proceedings of the Second Symposium on Fundamental Phenomena in the Materials Sciences Held January 27-28, 1964, at Boston, Mass (1995)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468487039
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: The Structure and Electronic Configuration of Crystalline Surfaces -- Present and Proposed Uses of Low-Energy Electron Diffraction in Studying Surfaces -- The Effects of Oxide and Organic Films on Sliding Friction -- The Deformational and Geometrical Aspect of Surfaces in Sliding Contact -- Effect of Surface Energy on Lubrication -- Problems of Producing a Clean Surface by Outgassing in Ultrahigh Vacuum -- Physical Adsorption by Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Solid Surfaces -- The Relation of the Attractive Forces at Interfaces to Wetting, Spreading, Adsorption, and Long-Range Attractive Forces -- Solid-to-Solid Adhesion -- Spreading, Penetration, and Capillary Flow in Metallic Systems -- Bibliography on Surface Phenomena (Selected References, 1963–1965).
    Description / Table of Contents: The Structure and Electronic Configuration of Crystalline SurfacesPresent and Proposed Uses of Low-Energy Electron Diffraction in Studying Surfaces -- The Effects of Oxide and Organic Films on Sliding Friction -- The Deformational and Geometrical Aspect of Surfaces in Sliding Contact -- Effect of Surface Energy on Lubrication -- Problems of Producing a Clean Surface by Outgassing in Ultrahigh Vacuum -- Physical Adsorption by Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Solid Surfaces -- The Relation of the Attractive Forces at Interfaces to Wetting, Spreading, Adsorption, and Long-Range Attractive Forces -- Solid-to-Solid Adhesion -- Spreading, Penetration, and Capillary Flow in Metallic Systems -- Bibliography on Surface Phenomena (Selected References, 1963-1965).
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-8703-9
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  • 47
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    Oxidation of Metals (1995)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468489200
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction to the Reactions Between Oxidizing Gases and Metals and Alloys -- 2. Lattice Defect Phenomena and Diffusion Processes in Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic Crystals -- 2.1. Lattice Defect Phenomena in Stoichiometric Ionic Crystals -- 2.2. Defect Phenomena in Nonstoichiometric Ionic Crystals -- 2.3. Lattice Defect Phenomena in Regions Near the Surface of Nonstoichiometric Ionic Crystals -- 2.4. Lattice Defect Phenomena and Diffusion Mechanisms in Metals -- 3. The Mechanism of Oxidation of Metals — Theory -- 3.1. Diffusion and Transport Processes in Scaling and Tarnishing Layers -- 3.2. The Wagner Theory of Oxidation -- 3.3. Diffusion and Scaling Coefficients -- 3.4. Calculation of the Absolute Oxidation Rate Constants of Metals for the Parabolic Rate Law -- 3.5. The Effect of Electric Fields on Metal Oxidation -- 4. Scaling Processes in Metals and Alloys with Formation of Thick Protective Layers -- 4.1. Scaling Systems with Ion-Conducting Protective Layers -- 4.2. Scaling Systems with Electron-Conducting Protective Layers -- 4.3. Catastrophic Oxidation -- 4.4. Scaling Systems with Rate-Determining Phase-Boundary Reactions -- 4.5. Scaling Systems with Protective Layers Containing Several Phases -- 4.6. Scaling of Iron Alloys -- 4.7. The Influence of Metal Diffusion in the Alloy Phase on the Scaling Rate -- 4.8. The Mechanism of Internal Oxidation of Alloys -- 5. The Mechanism of the Attack of Sulfur and Sulfur Compounds on Metals and Alloys -- 6. The Oxidation Mechanism of Metal-Carbon Alloys and Carbides -- 7. The Mechanism of Oxide Layer Formation in Aqueous Electrolytes -- 7.1. The Phenomenon of Passivity -- 7.2. The Mechanism of Passive Layer Formation on Metals and Alloys -- 7.3. The Solution Current of Metals with Passive Layers -- 8. A Few Approved Methods of Measurement of Coating Growth -- 8.1. Use of the Microbalance in Oxidation Apparatus -- 8.2. Gas Volumetric and Manometric Methods for Measurement of the Oxidation Rate -- 8.3. Further Methods for the Measurement of the Thickness of Tarnishing Layers -- Author Index.
    Abstract: During the translation, the author had the opportunity to re­ view several chapters, taking into consideration the more recent literature. As far as possible all new theoretical concepts and experi­ mental data published before 1963 have been quoted and discussed under the theoretical viewpoint of this book. A new chapter "Passivity and Inhibition During High-Tempera­ ture Oxidation" was introduced. Section 4.8 was enlarged by a dis­ cussion of the transition from internal to external oxidation. The author very much appreciates the cooperation of the trans­ lator and of Plenum Press. Gottingen, April 1.965 Karl Hauffe v Preface The number of publications concerned with oxidation and cor­ rosion processes has become so copious that many engineers and scientists find it practically impossible to obtain an overall view of the growing body of knowledge and to bring order to the confusing multiplicity of experimental data. As a result the need for a compre­ hensive survey of the present state of research in this field has be­ come more and more urgent.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction to the Reactions Between Oxidizing Gases and Metals and Alloys2. Lattice Defect Phenomena and Diffusion Processes in Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic Crystals -- 2.1. Lattice Defect Phenomena in Stoichiometric Ionic Crystals -- 2.2. Defect Phenomena in Nonstoichiometric Ionic Crystals -- 2.3. Lattice Defect Phenomena in Regions Near the Surface of Nonstoichiometric Ionic Crystals -- 2.4. Lattice Defect Phenomena and Diffusion Mechanisms in Metals -- 3. The Mechanism of Oxidation of Metals - Theory -- 3.1. Diffusion and Transport Processes in Scaling and Tarnishing Layers -- 3.2. The Wagner Theory of Oxidation -- 3.3. Diffusion and Scaling Coefficients -- 3.4. Calculation of the Absolute Oxidation Rate Constants of Metals for the Parabolic Rate Law -- 3.5. The Effect of Electric Fields on Metal Oxidation -- 4. Scaling Processes in Metals and Alloys with Formation of Thick Protective Layers -- 4.1. Scaling Systems with Ion-Conducting Protective Layers -- 4.2. Scaling Systems with Electron-Conducting Protective Layers -- 4.3. Catastrophic Oxidation -- 4.4. Scaling Systems with Rate-Determining Phase-Boundary Reactions -- 4.5. Scaling Systems with Protective Layers Containing Several Phases -- 4.6. Scaling of Iron Alloys -- 4.7. The Influence of Metal Diffusion in the Alloy Phase on the Scaling Rate -- 4.8. The Mechanism of Internal Oxidation of Alloys -- 5. The Mechanism of the Attack of Sulfur and Sulfur Compounds on Metals and Alloys -- 6. The Oxidation Mechanism of Metal-Carbon Alloys and Carbides -- 7. The Mechanism of Oxide Layer Formation in Aqueous Electrolytes -- 7.1. The Phenomenon of Passivity -- 7.2. The Mechanism of Passive Layer Formation on Metals and Alloys -- 7.3. The Solution Current of Metals with Passive Layers -- 8. A Few Approved Methods of Measurement of Coating Growth -- 8.1. Use of the Microbalance in Oxidation Apparatus -- 8.2. Gas Volumetric and Manometric Methods for Measurement of the Oxidation Rate -- 8.3. Further Methods for the Measurement of the Thickness of Tarnishing Layers -- Author Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-8920-0
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  • 48
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    Safer Childbirth? : A critical history of maternity care (1995)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489929730
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 414 p) , online resource
    Edition: Second edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Obstetrics ; Medicine ; Families. ; Families—Social aspects. ; Health.
    Abstract: 1 The revolution in maternity care: the diverse strands of a complicated tapestry -- 2 Birth attendants and their places of practice -- 3 The practices of attendants before birth -- 4 The practices of attendants around the time of birth -- 5 Maternity care: a public concern -- 6 Evaluating the results of maternity care: statistical instruments -- 7 Mortality of the mother -- 8 Mortality of the child -- 9 Epilogue: drawing fair conclusions from factual evidence -- Author index.
    Abstract: Since the first edition went to press in 1989, there have been many important developments concerning different aspects of maternity care. To take account of these, much needs to be added to this history. Late 1989 saw the publication of the double volume set of studies, Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth, in which all the then existing evidence on all the associated procedures was considered and evaluated by well-informed and impartial authors representing many countries. This informative collection has since been followed by a flow of single reports of new research findings about specific subjects within the field. To incorporate the new material has involved, in particular, a consider­ able enlargement and rearrangement of the text and reference lists for Chapters 3 and 4, which deal with antenatal and intranatal care. Then in 1990-1 the House of Commons Health Committee, under its chairman Nicholas Winterton, undertook a further enquiry into the maternity services in Britain. A wide range of people concerned as pro­ viders or users of the service, as well as researchers concerned to find out how well the service was meeting needs, chose to submit testi­ monies, written and oral. These testimonies were all later published in six volumes which offered a most valuable depiction of the maternity service from many points of view.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-2973-0
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  • 49
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    The Sea of Galilee Boat : An Extraordinary 2000 Year Old Discovery (1995)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489959904
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 420 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; History
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-5990-4
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  • 50
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    Figures of Light : Actors and Directors Illuminate the Art of Film Acting (1995)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489961181
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 387 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Performing arts ; Theater.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-6118-1
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  • 51
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    Synthesis of Digital Automata / Problemy Sinteza Tsifrovykh Avtomatov / Проƃлемы Синтеза Цифровых Автоматов (1995)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468490336
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Approximate Methods of Solving Logical Problems -- Certain Questions in the Coding of Finite Automata -- Some Methods of Increasing the Reliability of Finite Automata -- Some Algorithms for Synthesizing Schemes of Minimal Depth -- Construction of Minimal Disjunctive Normal Forms -- One Method of Synthesizing Normal Forms -- Optimization of the Search for a Shortest Covering -- Minimizing the Number of Arguments of Boolean Functions -- Experimental Evaluation of One Method of Minimizing the Number of States of Discrete Automata -- Economizing of Memory Utilization -- Algorithm for Minimizing Operational Memory -- Synthesis of Optimal Algorithms for Recognizing Boolean Functions -- Economizing Program Memory of Special-Purpose Digital Computers -- Synthesizing a Stochastic Automaton -- Constructing Tests for Finite Automata by Means of the Language of Regular Expressions -- APPENDIX. Description of the LYaPAS Language -- A. D. Zakrevskii.
    Abstract: The present collection is devoted to algorithmic methods, and computer algorithms, for the synthesis of digital computers and controlling machines. The work reported in the papers collected here was performed at the Institute for Prob­ lems of Information Transmission of the Academy of Science of the USSR, in the section for computational techniques of the Institute of Mathematics of the Siberian Division of the Academy of Science of the USSR, and in the Problem Laboratory of Computing Devices of the Siberian Physics -Engineering Ins titute. The paper by A. D. Zakrevskii is devoted to the discussion of ways of solving basic prob­ lems in the area of computer solution of logical problems, including the problem of automata synthesis. In the paper by E. I. Piil' a methodology is presented for coding internal states and input states of finite automata which is suitable for computer realization. The suggested coding al­ gorithms permit one to take account simultaneously of constraints on inadmissible critical races of memory elements, speed and simplicity of structure of the automaton's logical transformer. E. N. Turuta's paper investigates certain methods of synthesizing reliable automata, based on the introduction of redundancy into the automaton's memory block. The paper by Ya. I. Fet contains a solution to the problem of synthesizing schemes of minimal depth for one of the most widely used bases of elements in computer technology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Approximate Methods of Solving Logical ProblemsCertain Questions in the Coding of Finite Automata -- Some Methods of Increasing the Reliability of Finite Automata -- Some Algorithms for Synthesizing Schemes of Minimal Depth -- Construction of Minimal Disjunctive Normal Forms -- One Method of Synthesizing Normal Forms -- Optimization of the Search for a Shortest Covering -- Minimizing the Number of Arguments of Boolean Functions -- Experimental Evaluation of One Method of Minimizing the Number of States of Discrete Automata -- Economizing of Memory Utilization -- Algorithm for Minimizing Operational Memory -- Synthesis of Optimal Algorithms for Recognizing Boolean Functions -- Economizing Program Memory of Special-Purpose Digital Computers -- Synthesizing a Stochastic Automaton -- Constructing Tests for Finite Automata by Means of the Language of Regular Expressions -- APPENDIX. Description of the LYaPAS Language -- A. D. Zakrevskii.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-9033-6
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  • 52
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    Contemporary Brain Research in China : Selected Recent Papers on Electrophysiological Topics (1995)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468490909
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Interaction of Evoked Cortical Potentials in the Rabbit -- Cortical Repetitive Responses Elicited by a Single Contralateral Stimulus -- Cortical Responses to Repetitive Contralateral Stimulation after Sectioning of the Corpus Callosum -- Cortical Excitability Changes Following Transcallosal Afferent Excitation -- The Interaction of Callosal Potentials and Potentials Evoked by Thalamic Stimulation. -- The Effect of Electric Stimulation of the Brain Stem on the Galvanic Skin Reflex -- Lambda Waves of Human Subjects of Different Age Levels -- Electroencephalographic and Galvanic-Skin Investigation of the Orienting Reflex in Man -- Electroencephalographic Study of Temporary Connections in Man -- Appendices -- A. Papers on Brain Research Published in the Acta Physiologica Sinica for the Period 1962–1966 -- B. Papers on Brain Research Published in English or in Russian in the Scientia Sinica for the Period 1952–1966 -- C. Some Linguistic Aspects of Scientific and Technical Chinese -- D. Dictionaries Used in the Preparation of These Translations -- E. Chinese-Language Titles and Foreign-Language Abstracts of Articles Appearing in this Work.
    Abstract: The great majority of papers on brain research that have been published in Mainland China in recent years have appeared in the Chinese language (only a small fraction of the work has appeared in English in the journal Scientia Sinica), and hence they have remained inacces­ sible to other workers, since there have been no translation programs of publications in this field in Chinese of the types that have existed, for example, for Russian-language materials. Accordingly, most investigators are not aware of the work of their Chinese colleagues in this field. Yet the field has been an active if small one in China, and has covered a variety of topics that include electrophysiology, neurochemistry, neuropharmacology, neuropsychology, and in­ strumentation. Standard techniques and instruments, a number of Chinese manufacture, have been employed. Moreover, Chinese workers have been quite familiar with the publications of other investigators, as is readily apparent from the bibliographies of the papers (see Index).
    Description / Table of Contents: Interaction of Evoked Cortical Potentials in the RabbitCortical Repetitive Responses Elicited by a Single Contralateral Stimulus -- Cortical Responses to Repetitive Contralateral Stimulation after Sectioning of the Corpus Callosum -- Cortical Excitability Changes Following Transcallosal Afferent Excitation -- The Interaction of Callosal Potentials and Potentials Evoked by Thalamic Stimulation. -- The Effect of Electric Stimulation of the Brain Stem on the Galvanic Skin Reflex -- Lambda Waves of Human Subjects of Different Age Levels -- Electroencephalographic and Galvanic-Skin Investigation of the Orienting Reflex in Man -- Electroencephalographic Study of Temporary Connections in Man -- Appendices -- A. Papers on Brain Research Published in the Acta Physiologica Sinica for the Period 1962-1966 -- B. Papers on Brain Research Published in English or in Russian in the Scientia Sinica for the Period 1952-1966 -- C. Some Linguistic Aspects of Scientific and Technical Chinese -- D. Dictionaries Used in the Preparation of These Translations -- E. Chinese-Language Titles and Foreign-Language Abstracts of Articles Appearing in this Work.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-9090-9
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  • 53
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    Regional Approaches to Mortuary Analysis (1995)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489913104
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 280 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Archaeology
    Abstract: In this volume, archaeologists offer a new direction for burial research by expanding the models for mortuary analysis from a site-specific to a regional level. Contributors explore how regional mortuary approaches allow the introduction of new questions about peer polity interactions and regional alliances-extending traditional settlement system and exchange analyses. This volume features case studies examining mortuary sites as components of the archaeological landscape
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1310-4
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  • 54
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    Style, Society, and Person : Archaeological and Ethnological Perspectives (1995)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489910974
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 480 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Archaeology
    Abstract: Style, Society, and Person integrates the diverse current and past understandings of the causes of style in material culture. It comprehensively surveys the many factors that cause style; reviews theories that address these factors; builds and tests a unifying framework for integrating the theories; and illustrates the framework with detailed analyses of archaeological and ethnographic data ranging from simple to complex societies. Archaeologists, sociocultural anthropologists, and educators will appreciate the unique unifying approach this book takes to developing style theory
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1097-4
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  • 55
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    Nazi Science : Myth, Truth, and the German Atomic Bomb (1995)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489960740
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 325 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-6074-0
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  • 56
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    Making Leisure Provision for People with Profound Learning and Multiple Disabilities (1995)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489944870
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 267 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social work ; Social service.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-4487-0
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  • 57
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    Source Book of Flavors (1995)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461578895
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXII, 928 p) , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Flavor is unquestionably one of the most extremely secretive one-reluctant to dis­ close anything that might be of value to a important attributes of the food we eat. competitor. Thus, little information about Man does not eat simply to live but even the activities of the flavor industry itself is more so lives to eat. Take away the pleasure offood and life becomes relatively mundane. available to the public. There now is a substantial body of liter­ The goal of the original Source Book of ature dealing with food flavor. The "golden Flavors, written by Henry Heath, was to years" of flavor research in the United States bring together in one volume as much of the were the 1960s and 70s. Numerous academic worldwide data and facts and as many flavor­ and government institutions had strong related subjects (e. g. , food colors) as was flavor programs and money was readily possible. Henry Heath added a wealth of available for flavor research. In the 1980s personal information on how the industry and 90s, research funding has become diffi­ accomplishes its various activities, which cult to obtain, particularly in an esthetic had never been published in any other liter­ area such as food flavor. The number of ature. It has been the intent of this author to research groups focusing on food flavor has update and build upon the original work of declined in the United States. Fortunately, Henry Heath.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-7889-5
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  • 58
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    Food and Nutrition : Customs and culture (1995)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489932563
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 253 p) , online resource
    Edition: Second edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Regional planning ; Nutrition ; Culture. ; Ethnology.
    Abstract: As someone who was trained in the clinical sdentific tradition it took me several years to start to appreciate that food was more than a collection of nutrients, and that most people did not make their choices of what to eat on the biologically rational basis of nutritional composition. This realiza­ tion helped tobring me to an understanding of why people didn't always eat what (I believed) was good for them, and why the patients I had seen in hospital as often as not had failed to follow the dietary advice I had so confidently given. When I entered the field of health education I quickly discovered the farnaus World Health Organization definition of health as being a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease. Health was a triangle -and I had been guilty of virtu­ ally ignoring two sides of that triangle. As I became involved in practical nutrition education initiatives the deficiencies of an approach based on giving information about nutrition and physical health became more and more apparent. The children whom I saw in schools knew exactly what to say when asked to describe a nutritious diet: they could recite the food guide and list rich sources of vitamins and minerals; but none of this intellectual knowledge was reflected in their own actual eating habits.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-3256-3
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  • 59
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    Cable Shielding for Electromagnetic Compatibility (1995)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461565918
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Telecommunication. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Electronic Cable in an Emi Environment -- 1.1 Introduction to System EMI and EMC -- 1.2 Cable EMI Controlling Factors -- 1.3 Defining and Modeling EMC Performance of Electronic Cable -- 2. Understanding Cable Shielding -- 2.1 Effects and Problems of Cable Shielding -- 2.2 Bare Necessities: A Theoretical Detour -- 2.3 Shielding—This Is Not Very Simple -- 3. Transfer Parameters of Cable Shields -- 3.1 Figure of Merit of Cable Shield Performance -- 3.2 The Electromagnetic Theory of Solid Homogeneous Shielding Tubes -- 3.3 Practical Tubular Shields -- 3.4 Spiral Shields -- 3.5 Braided Shield -- 3.6 Multilayer Shields -- 4. Electromagnetic Coupling and Shielding -- 4.1 Shielding to Decouple and Coupling to Shield -- 4.2 Coupling and Shielding in Static and Stationary Fields -- 4.3 Shielding for Crosstalk Protection -- 4.4 Shielding from Radiating Fields -- 4.5 Grounding and Termination of Cable Shields -- 4.6 Transient Response of Cable Shielding -- 5. Measurement Techniques and Apparatus: The Tools of the Trade -- 5.1 The Proof of the Shielding -- 5.2 System Shielding Effectiveness Measurements -- 5.3 Cable Assembly Measurements -- 5.4 Transfer Impedance and Capacitive Coupling Impedance Measurements -- 5.5 Testing in Time Domain -- 5.6 Test Result Correlation And Interpretation -- 6. Cable Shielding Engineering -- 6.1 System Approach to Shielding Engineering -- 6.2 Cable Shielding Design for EMC Performance -- 6.3 Performance Stability and Reliability of Cable Shielding -- 6.4 Shielding Unlimited.
    Abstract: The mathematical theory of wave propagation along a conductor with an external coaxial return is very old, going back to the work of Rayleigh, Heaviside, and J. J. Thomson. These words were written by S. A. Schelkunoff back in 1934. Indeed, those early works dealt with signal propagation along the line as well as electromagnetic shielding of the environment inside and/or outside the metallic enclosures. Max­ well himself developed pioneering studies of single-layer shielding shells, while a paper with such a "modern" title as "On the Magnetic Shielding of Concentric Spherical Shells" was presented by A. W Rucker as early as 1893! * Such "state of the art" shielding theory created in the last century is even more amazing if you think that at almost the same time (namely, in 1860s), a manuscript of Jules Verne's book, Paris in the. xx Century, was rejected by a publisher because it pre­ dicted such "outrageously incredible" electrotechnology as, for example, FAX service by wires and the electrocutioner's chair. (With regard to the last invention, I suspect many readers would rather Jules Verne has been wrong. ) However, although the beginning of electromagnetic shielding theory and its implementation to electronic cables date back more than a century, this dynamic field keeps constantly growing, driven by practical applications.
    Description / Table of Contents: PrefaceAcknowledgments -- 1. Electronic Cable in an Emi Environment -- 1.1 Introduction to System EMI and EMC -- 1.2 Cable EMI Controlling Factors -- 1.3 Defining and Modeling EMC Performance of Electronic Cable -- 2. Understanding Cable Shielding -- 2.1 Effects and Problems of Cable Shielding -- 2.2 Bare Necessities: A Theoretical Detour -- 2.3 Shielding-This Is Not Very Simple -- 3. Transfer Parameters of Cable Shields -- 3.1 Figure of Merit of Cable Shield Performance -- 3.2 The Electromagnetic Theory of Solid Homogeneous Shielding Tubes -- 3.3 Practical Tubular Shields -- 3.4 Spiral Shields -- 3.5 Braided Shield -- 3.6 Multilayer Shields -- 4. Electromagnetic Coupling and Shielding -- 4.1 Shielding to Decouple and Coupling to Shield -- 4.2 Coupling and Shielding in Static and Stationary Fields -- 4.3 Shielding for Crosstalk Protection -- 4.4 Shielding from Radiating Fields -- 4.5 Grounding and Termination of Cable Shields -- 4.6 Transient Response of Cable Shielding -- 5. Measurement Techniques and Apparatus: The Tools of the Trade -- 5.1 The Proof of the Shielding -- 5.2 System Shielding Effectiveness Measurements -- 5.3 Cable Assembly Measurements -- 5.4 Transfer Impedance and Capacitive Coupling Impedance Measurements -- 5.5 Testing in Time Domain -- 5.6 Test Result Correlation And Interpretation -- 6. Cable Shielding Engineering -- 6.1 System Approach to Shielding Engineering -- 6.2 Cable Shielding Design for EMC Performance -- 6.3 Performance Stability and Reliability of Cable Shielding -- 6.4 Shielding Unlimited.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-6591-8
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  • 60
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    The Laboratory Recorder (1974)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461345237
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Laboratory Instrumentation and Techniques 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Deflection Recorders -- Linearizing Mechanisms -- The Prevention of Loading Effects -- 3 Servo Recorders -- Attentuators -- Reference Voltage Sources -- Slidewires -- Amplifiers -- Motors -- Multichannel Recorders -- Dynamic Properties -- Special Modifications -- 4 X-Y Recorders -- Drive Mechanisms -- Input Circuitry -- 5 Oscillographs -- Light-Beam Oscillographs -- X-Y Oscillographs -- Moving Pen or Stylus Oscillographs -- Fixed-Stylus Recording -- 6 Paper Feed and Writing Mechanisms -- Paper Forms -- Strip-Chart Drive Mechanisms -- Separate Sheet Recording Paper -- Printing Mechanisms -- 7 Shielding and Grounding -- Internal Noise -- External Noise -- Grounding and Guarding -- Amplifiers -- 8 Recorder Specifications -- 9 Troubleshooting -- Maintenance -- Performance Checks -- Difficulties and Their Causes -- 10 Recorder Accessories -- Integrators -- Differentiators -- Retransmitting Potientiometers and Encoders -- Event Markers -- Sampling Recorders -- Scale Expanders -- Multiplexers -- Calibrators -- Chart Viewers -- Appendix: Sources of Laboratory Recorders.
    Abstract: One of the most universal functions of any scientific or engineer­ ing laboratory is the gathering of data to provide answers to immediate questions or information to be filed for future refer­ ence. Such data gathering may be achieved in various ways, depending on the nature and quantity of the information. The most prevalent of such data gathering methods is undoubtedly analog recording. Electrical analog recorders are available in a variety of sizes, speeds, sensitivities, and prices. They are suitable for recording any signal which is in, or can be converted to, electrical form. These recorders are found in every modern laboratory. Without them the importance of many functional relations would be missed altogether. How could one adequately diagnose a heart ailment without a cardiographic recorder, or obtain infrared or magnetic resonance spectra on any practicable basis without a strip-chart recorder? True, various curves that are now traced automatically with a recorder can be plotted manually from point-by-point measure­ ments. This procedure, however, is not only time-consuming, but may cause valid bits of information to be overlooked entirely, simply because the points were taken too far apart. Another factor favoring the use of recorders is the ability to pinpoint faulty operation of the data-gathering system. Artifacts that might not be observable at all in point-by-point observations 1 The Laboratory Recorder 2 will often be readily identifiable on a recording. Asymmetry of a peaked curve, for example, is only dearly evident in a recording.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-4523-7
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  • 61
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    Advances in Corrosion Science and Technology : Volume 4 (1974)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461590590
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 The Mechanical Properties and Breakdown of Surface Films at Elevated Temperatures -- Stresses Developed During Isothermal Oxidation -- Stresses Developed During Thermal Cycling Conditions -- Effect of Superimposed Stresses on the Mechanical Stability of Oxide Scales -- Methods of Measuring Mechanical Properties of Oxides -- Mechanisms of Stress Relief -- Influence of Corrosive Contaminants on Oxide Stability -- Methods of Improving Mechanical Properties of Surface Oxides -- General Conclusions -- References -- 2 Anodic Dissolution of Metals—Anomalous Valence -- Transitory or Uncommon Ion Mechanism -- Related Phenomena -- Anodic Dissolution of Metals -- Discussion -- References -- 3 Corrosion of Metals in Organic Solvents -- Classification of Organic Solvents According to Their Properties And Corrosivities -- Thermodynamics and Stoichiometry -- Kinetics and Mechanisms -- Corrosion Failures and Their Prevention -- Conclusions -- References -- 4 Chromium Depletion and Void Formation in Fe—Ni—Cr Alloys During Molten Salt Corrosion and Related Processes -- Chemical Reactions -- Heat Treatment -- Summary -- References.
    Abstract: This series was organized to provide a forum for review papers in the area of corrosion. The aim of these reviews is to bring certain areas of corrosion science and technology into a sharp focus. The volumes of this series are published approximately on a yearly basis and each contains three to five reviews. The articles in each volume are selected in such a way as to be of interest both to the corrosion scientists and the corrosion technologists. There is, in fact, a particular aim in juxtaposing these interests because of the importance of mutual interaction and interdisciplinarity so important in corrosion studies. It is hoped that the corrosion scientists in this way may stay abreast of the activities in corrosion technology and vice versa. In this series the term "corrosion" is used in its very broadest sense. It includes, therefore, not only the degradation of metals in aqueous en­ vironment but also what is commonly referred to as "high-temperature oxidation. " Further, the plan is to be even more general than these topics; the series will include all solids and all environments. Today, engineering solids include not only metals but glasses, ionic solids, polymeric solids, and composites of these. Environments of interest must be extended to liquid metals, a wide variety of gases, nonaqueous electrolytes, and other non­ aqueous liquids.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Mechanical Properties and Breakdown of Surface Films at Elevated TemperaturesStresses Developed During Isothermal Oxidation -- Stresses Developed During Thermal Cycling Conditions -- Effect of Superimposed Stresses on the Mechanical Stability of Oxide Scales -- Methods of Measuring Mechanical Properties of Oxides -- Mechanisms of Stress Relief -- Influence of Corrosive Contaminants on Oxide Stability -- Methods of Improving Mechanical Properties of Surface Oxides -- General Conclusions -- References -- 2 Anodic Dissolution of Metals-Anomalous Valence -- Transitory or Uncommon Ion Mechanism -- Related Phenomena -- Anodic Dissolution of Metals -- Discussion -- References -- 3 Corrosion of Metals in Organic Solvents -- Classification of Organic Solvents According to Their Properties And Corrosivities -- Thermodynamics and Stoichiometry -- Kinetics and Mechanisms -- Corrosion Failures and Their Prevention -- Conclusions -- References -- 4 Chromium Depletion and Void Formation in Fe-Ni-Cr Alloys During Molten Salt Corrosion and Related Processes -- Chemical Reactions -- Heat Treatment -- Summary -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9059-0
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  • 62
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    Information Systems : COINS IV (1974)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468426946
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: The Objective of Database Management -- Relational Data Base Systems: A Tutorial -- A Relational Data Management System -- A Data Base Search Problem -- An Experiment with a Relational Data Base System in Environmental Research -- Special Topic Data Base Development -- BOLTS: A Retrieval Language for Tree-Structured Data Base Systems -- An Algorithm for Maintaining Dynamic AVL Trees -- SPIRAL’s Autoindexing and Searching Algorithms -- SEFIRE : A Sequential Feedback Interactive Retrieval System -- An Analysis of Document Retrieval Systems Using a Generalized Model -- Information Systems for Urban Problem Solvers -- EMISARI: A Management Information System Designed to Aid and Involve People -- Transferability and Translation of Programs and Data -- Processing Systems Optimization through Automatic Design and Reorganization of Program Modules -- Verification and Checking of APL Programs -- G/PL/I: Extending PL/I for Graph Processing -- A Unified Approach to the Evaluation of a Class of Replacement Algorithms -- Quantitative Timing Analysis and Verification for File Organization Modeling -- A Mathematical Model for Computer-Assisted Document Creation -- Representing Geographic Information for Efficient Computer Search -- A Syntactic Pattern Recognition System with Learning Capability -- Optimization in Nonhierarchic Clustering -- Nonparametric Learning Using Contextual Information.
    Abstract: Ten years ago the first International Symposium on Computer and Information Sciences (COINS-63) was held at Northwestern University. Since that time, computer and information sciences have witnessed a great intensification of research and education. The activities in this field have been significantly broadened and enriched. During this ten-year period, we have organized four COINS symposia to provide a forum for promoting com­ munication among scientists, engineers, and educators in the computer and information science field and to act as a catalyzer for stimulating creative thinking within the community of information processing. The COINS-72 symposium, which took place in Miami Beach on December 14--16,1972, under the cosponsorship of the U.S. Army Research Office, the Atomic Energy Commission, and the University of Florida, is the fourth International Symposium on Computer and Information Sciences. The theme of this COINS symposium is information systems. This theme has been selected for the following reasons: Information systems have offered widespread applications in education, government, industry, and science. The bulk of research in computer and information science is now geared to the development of improved information systems. A major portion of software engineering is concerned with computer software and sophisticated information system design. It seems logical that a symposium on information systems should follow the preceding software engineering conference.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Objective of Database ManagementRelational Data Base Systems: A Tutorial -- A Relational Data Management System -- A Data Base Search Problem -- An Experiment with a Relational Data Base System in Environmental Research -- Special Topic Data Base Development -- BOLTS: A Retrieval Language for Tree-Structured Data Base Systems -- An Algorithm for Maintaining Dynamic AVL Trees -- SPIRAL’s Autoindexing and Searching Algorithms -- SEFIRE : A Sequential Feedback Interactive Retrieval System -- An Analysis of Document Retrieval Systems Using a Generalized Model -- Information Systems for Urban Problem Solvers -- EMISARI: A Management Information System Designed to Aid and Involve People -- Transferability and Translation of Programs and Data -- Processing Systems Optimization through Automatic Design and Reorganization of Program Modules -- Verification and Checking of APL Programs -- G/PL/I: Extending PL/I for Graph Processing -- A Unified Approach to the Evaluation of a Class of Replacement Algorithms -- Quantitative Timing Analysis and Verification for File Organization Modeling -- A Mathematical Model for Computer-Assisted Document Creation -- Representing Geographic Information for Efficient Computer Search -- A Syntactic Pattern Recognition System with Learning Capability -- Optimization in Nonhierarchic Clustering -- Nonparametric Learning Using Contextual Information.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-2694-6
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  • 63
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    The Fourteenth Amendment and the States : A Study of the Operation of the Restraint Clauses of Section One of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States (1974)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781475714425
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 220 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Constitutional law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: The Dilemma of the Supreme Court -- The Practical Scope of the Amendment -- The South -- Litigation involving the Negro Race -- Results to the Negro Race -- Federal Intervention -- Stare Decisis -- The Corporations and the Twilight Zone -- The Failure of the Fourteenth Amendment as a Constitutional Ideal -- Proposed Remedies.
    Abstract: THE studies here presented are the outgrowth of a paper read before the Government Club of Harvard University in February, 1911. Some of them have within recent months appeared, in substantially their present form, in certain of the academic and legal journals. In the preparation of the statistical material the author has made no use of the current digests of deci­ sions, annotations to the Constitution, nor of the indices to the Supreme Court Reports, except by way of com­ parison of results. He has gone directly to the body of the Reports and given each case a personal examination. Much repetition will be found throughout the work. This may detract from its logical unity, but it is hoped that it may serve some purpose. The true nature of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States is little known. The processes of its operation are intricate and complex. This reiteration, therefore, of certain salient features may not be amiss in serving to render more familiar a subject that, al­ though not new historically, has been scantily discussed. The author's thanks are due to the editors of the following periodicals for the courtesy of extending to him the copyright privileges for the use of the material vii VUl PREFACE in the chapters mentioned below: The American Law Review for Chapters V and VI; the Yale Law Journal for Chapter VII; the Columbia Law Review for Chapter VIII; and the South Atlantic Quarterly for Chapter X.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-1442-5
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  • 64
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    Advances in Information Systems Science : Volume 5 (1974)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461582465
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Data Organization and Access Methods -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Linear Lists and Processes -- 2.1. Linear List Structures -- 2.2. Storage Representation of Linear List Structures -- 2.3. Computer Storage of Linked Lists -- 2.4. List Processing Languages -- 3. Array Structures -- 4. Tree Structures -- 5. Multilinked Structures -- 6. Data Base Design and Management -- 7. Some Information Handling Systems -- 8. Summary and Conclusions -- 2 Design of Software for On-Line Minicomputer Applications -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Keys to Minicomputer Software Organization -- 3. Minicomputer Applications and Their Software Requirements -- References -- 3 A Survey of the Status of Microprogramming -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Evolution of Microprogramming -- 3. Architectural Variations in Current Microprogrammed Systems -- 4. Emulation -- 5. Microprogrammed Implementation of Key Operating System and Language Translation Primitives -- 6. Microdiagnostics -- 7. Microprogrammed Implementation of New I/O and Memory Devices -- 8. Strategies for Microprogram Optimization -- 9. Applications of Microprogramming -- 10. Problem Areas and Future Prospects -- 11. Conclusions -- References -- 4 Some Grammars and Recognizers for Formal and Natural Languages -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Grammars and Languages -- 3. Recognizers and Acceptor Automata -- 4. Transformational Grammar -- 5. Applications in Information Science -- 6. Summary and Conclusions -- References.
    Abstract: This volume, the fifth of a continuing series on information systems science, covers four timely topics which are in the mainstream of this field. In each chapter, an attempt is made to familiarize the reader with basic background information on the advances discussed, so that this volume may be used independently or in conjunction with the previous volumes. The emphasis in this volume is focused upon data organization and access methods, software for on-line minicomputer applications, advances in micropro­ graming, and gramm ars and recognizers for formal and natural languages. In Chapter 1, P. C. Patton presents a tutorial survey of data organiza­ tion and access methods which play a central role in information system design. Research in information processing has been shifted from numerical data processing to nonnumerical information handling. In the latter case, the information is carried not only by the data but also by the structure and organization of the data base. In this chapter, the author provides the reader with a comprehensive review of various data structures, including linear lists, array structures, tree structures, and multilinked structures. He also discusses the important problem of data-base design and management. This chapter concludes with several examples of information handling systems such as a matrix interpretive system, a generalized information management system, and a criminal justice information system. The rapid reduction in cost and great increase in capability of the mini­ computer have made it an attractive machine for information systems.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Data Organization and Access Methods1. Introduction -- 2. Linear Lists and Processes -- 2.1. Linear List Structures -- 2.2. Storage Representation of Linear List Structures -- 2.3. Computer Storage of Linked Lists -- 2.4. List Processing Languages -- 3. Array Structures -- 4. Tree Structures -- 5. Multilinked Structures -- 6. Data Base Design and Management -- 7. Some Information Handling Systems -- 8. Summary and Conclusions -- 2 Design of Software for On-Line Minicomputer Applications -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Keys to Minicomputer Software Organization -- 3. Minicomputer Applications and Their Software Requirements -- References -- 3 A Survey of the Status of Microprogramming -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Evolution of Microprogramming -- 3. Architectural Variations in Current Microprogrammed Systems -- 4. Emulation -- 5. Microprogrammed Implementation of Key Operating System and Language Translation Primitives -- 6. Microdiagnostics -- 7. Microprogrammed Implementation of New I/O and Memory Devices -- 8. Strategies for Microprogram Optimization -- 9. Applications of Microprogramming -- 10. Problem Areas and Future Prospects -- 11. Conclusions -- References -- 4 Some Grammars and Recognizers for Formal and Natural Languages -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Grammars and Languages -- 3. Recognizers and Acceptor Automata -- 4. Transformational Grammar -- 5. Applications in Information Science -- 6. Summary and Conclusions -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-8246-5
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  • 65
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    The Framework of Legal Evolution (1974)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489960283
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 299 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Civil law
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-6028-3
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  • 66
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    The Problem of Excitability : Electrical Excitability and Ionic Permeability of the Nerve Membrane (1974)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461344872
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I. Excitability and Relationships Between the Initial and Critical Values of the Membrane Potential -- Changes in Vt associated with primary shifts of Er -- Changes in Vt resulting from a primary shift of Ec -- II. The Resting Potential -- III. Passive and Subthreshold Active Changes in the Membrane Potential -- Passive changes of membrane potential -- The local response -- IV. The Action Potential -- Historical -- Effect of changes in external and internal sodium and potassium ion concentrations on action potential generation -- Movement of ions through the membrane during activity -- Evidence for subdivision of the ionic currents -- Changes in ionic permeability -- Quantitative description of ionic currents -- V. Dependence of Action Potential Parameters on the Constants of Membrane Ionic Permeability -- Maximal sodium permeability $$\rm \overline P _{Na} $$Na -- Steady-state sodium inactivation (1 - h?) and time constant Th -- Reactivity of the sodium system (sensitivity of PNa to changes in membrane potential) -- The threshold potential -- Maximal steepness of rise of the ascending phase of the action potential -- Amplitude of the action potential -- Duration of the action potential -- Time constant of sodium activation Tm -- Maximal potassium permeability $$\rm \overline P _K $$ -- Reactivity of the potassium system (sensitivity of $$\rm \overline P _K $$ to changes in membrane potential) -- Effects of an increase in reactivity of thepotassium system -- Effects of a decrease in reactivity of the potassium activating system -- Time constant of potassium activation (Tn) -- Assessment of the character of changes in ionic permeability of the membrane from changes in the action potential -- VI. Analysis of Threshold Conditions of Stimulation and the Relationship Between the Threshold Current and Threshold Potential -- The strength versus duration curve -- Character of critical depolarization of the membrane during the action of pulses of current of different duration. Nature of the utilization time -- Relationship between the threshold current and the passive and active properties of the membrane -- VII. Role of the Rate of Change of the Stimulus. The Phenomenon of Accommodation -- The accommodation curve -- The mechanism of accommodation -- Minimal gradient as a function of the constants of ionic permeability of the membrane -- Accommodation and repetitive responses -- VIII. Cable Properties and Geometry of Excitable Structures and Parameters of Their Electrical Activity -- The propagated action potential -- Threshold conditions of stimulation -- The threshold potential -- The threshold current -- The strength versus duration curve -- Repetitive responses in a continuous axon -- Effects of stimulation of excitable structures with a functionally nonuniform membrane -- The relationship between the velocity of conductance of the action potential and the cable properties and excitability of the fiber -- Conduction of impulses along a nonuniform fiber -- Some properties of spike conduction from a medullated into a nonmedullated segment of a nerve fiber -- Compensatory changes in ionic currents during conduction of the impulse along a nonuniform fiber -- IX. Molecular Mechanisms of Ionic Permeability of the Excitable Membrane -- Functional architecture of the excitable membrane -- The hypothesis of ionic carriers -- The hypothesis of ion pores -- Hypotheses on conformational changes in the membrane -- Investigations of mechanisms of the changes in ionic permeability on artificial membranes -- Precipitation membranes -- Phospholipid membranes -- Conclusion -- Addendum.
    Abstract: The Russian edition of this book appeared in 1969 and im­ mediately gained widespread recognition as a reference work for research workers interested in the physiology, biophysics, and pharmacology of excitable tissues. There are several reasons for the book's success. It deals with a key problem in biology which has recently been the subject of very intensive study and it is of great interest to a wide scientific audience. Not only the fundamentals of the modern membrane theory of biopotentials, but also the vast factual material collected in the last decades by the study of the biophysical and pharmacological properties of the ionic permeability pores of the cell membrane, are described in the book in an authoritative yet readable form. Special attention is paid in the book to the systematic analysis of the consequences of the Hodgkin-Huxley mathematical theory of the nervous impulse for the problem of excitability. The relationship between the various parameters of excitability (threshold potential, threshold current, useful time), accommodation, and the action potential on the one hand, and the constants of ionic permeability of the nerve fiber membrane, on the other hand, is subjected to detailed examination in this context. To do this, the author has made extensive use not only of experimental results obtained on isolated fibers (especially single nodes of Ran­ vier), but also the results of his own investigations on mathematical models of excitable membranes.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Excitability and Relationships Between the Initial and Critical Values of the Membrane PotentialChanges in Vt associated with primary shifts of Er -- Changes in Vt resulting from a primary shift of Ec -- II. The Resting Potential -- III. Passive and Subthreshold Active Changes in the Membrane Potential -- Passive changes of membrane potential -- The local response -- IV. The Action Potential -- Historical -- Effect of changes in external and internal sodium and potassium ion concentrations on action potential generation -- Movement of ions through the membrane during activity -- Evidence for subdivision of the ionic currents -- Changes in ionic permeability -- Quantitative description of ionic currents -- V. Dependence of Action Potential Parameters on the Constants of Membrane Ionic Permeability -- Maximal sodium permeability $$\rm \overline P _{Na} $$Na -- Steady-state sodium inactivation (1 - h?) and time constant Th -- Reactivity of the sodium system (sensitivity of PNa to changes in membrane potential) -- The threshold potential -- Maximal steepness of rise of the ascending phase of the action potential -- Amplitude of the action potential -- Duration of the action potential -- Time constant of sodium activation Tm -- Maximal potassium permeability $$\rm \overline P _K $$ -- Reactivity of the potassium system (sensitivity of $$\rm \overline P _K $$ to changes in membrane potential) -- Effects of an increase in reactivity of thepotassium system -- Effects of a decrease in reactivity of the potassium activating system -- Time constant of potassium activation (Tn) -- Assessment of the character of changes in ionic permeability of the membrane from changes in the action potential -- VI. Analysis of Threshold Conditions of Stimulation and the Relationship Between the Threshold Current and Threshold Potential -- The strength versus duration curve -- Character of critical depolarization of the membrane during the action of pulses of current of different duration. Nature of the utilization time -- Relationship between the threshold current and the passive and active properties of the membrane -- VII. Role of the Rate of Change of the Stimulus. The Phenomenon of Accommodation -- The accommodation curve -- The mechanism of accommodation -- Minimal gradient as a function of the constants of ionic permeability of the membrane -- Accommodation and repetitive responses -- VIII. Cable Properties and Geometry of Excitable Structures and Parameters of Their Electrical Activity -- The propagated action potential -- Threshold conditions of stimulation -- The threshold potential -- The threshold current -- The strength versus duration curve -- Repetitive responses in a continuous axon -- Effects of stimulation of excitable structures with a functionally nonuniform membrane -- The relationship between the velocity of conductance of the action potential and the cable properties and excitability of the fiber -- Conduction of impulses along a nonuniform fiber -- Some properties of spike conduction from a medullated into a nonmedullated segment of a nerve fiber -- Compensatory changes in ionic currents during conduction of the impulse along a nonuniform fiber -- IX. Molecular Mechanisms of Ionic Permeability of the Excitable Membrane -- Functional architecture of the excitable membrane -- The hypothesis of ionic carriers -- The hypothesis of ion pores -- Hypotheses on conformational changes in the membrane -- Investigations of mechanisms of the changes in ionic permeability on artificial membranes -- Precipitation membranes -- Phospholipid membranes -- Conclusion -- Addendum.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-4487-2
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  • 67
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    ELF and VLF Electromagnetic Field Effects (1974)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468490046
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 316 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Elf and VLF Signal Properties: Physical Characteristics -- Electric and Magnetic Field Strengths in the open and in Shielded Rooms in the ULF- to LF-Zone -- Behavioural Changes in Human Subjects Associated With ELF Electric Fields -- ELF-Effects on Human Circadian Rhythms -- Operant Methods Assessing the Effects of ELF Electromagnetic Fields -- Behavioural, Physiological, and Histological Changes in Rats Exposed During Various Developmental Stages To ELF Magnetic Fields -- Oxygen and Biochemical Changes Following ELF Exposure -- Precambrian ELF and Abiogenesis -- ELF Electric and Magnetic Field Effects: The Patterns and the Problems -- Contributors.
    Abstract: Recent emphasis upon the importance of the physical environment has made science and the public even more cog­ nizant of the many components of the biosphere. While much attention has been given to ionizing electromagnetic stimuli which causes blatant and unalterable changes in biological systems, relatively little research has been concerned with those electromagnetic signals whose frequencies overlap with time-varying processes in living organisms. Extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields can occur as waves between about I Hz to 100 Hz or as short pulses within this range of very low frequency (VLF) and higher frequency sources. The natural occurrence of ELF signals is associated with weather changes, solar disturbances and geophysical­ ionospheric perturbations. Man-made sources have also been reported. Certain physical properties of ELF signals make them excellent candidates for biologically important stimuli. Unlike many other weather components, ELF signals have the capacity to penetrate structures which house living organ­ isms. ELF wave configurations allow long distance propaga­ tional capacities without appreciable attenuation of inten­ sity, thus making them antecedent stimuli to approaching weather changes. Most importantly, ELF signals exhibit the frequencies and wave forms of bio-electrical events that occur within the brain and body. Thus resonance inter­ actions between animal and nature become attractive possi­ bilities.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-9004-6
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  • 68
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    The Physics of Tire Traction : Theory and Experiment (1974)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781475713701
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 428 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Tire Traction a Many Faceted Problem -- Introductory Remarks -- Tire Wet Traction: Operational Severity and Its Influence on Performance -- Tire Hydroplaning: Testing, Analysis, and Design -- Tire Traction on Dry, Uncontaminated Surfaces -- Tire Traction on Snow-Covered Pavements -- Fundamental Aspects of Rubber Friction -- Introductory Remarks -- The Speed and Temperature Dependence of Rubber Friction and Its Bearing on the Skid Resistance of Tires -- Elementary Effects in the Contact Area of Sliding Rubber -- Lubrication Studies of Smooth Rubber Contacts -- An Analysis of Some Factors that Influence Wet Skid Resistance -- Panel Discussion “Fundamental Aspects of Rubber Friction” -- Tire Traction the Role of the Tire -- Introductory Remarks -- Tread Compound Effects in Tire Traction -- The Role of the Tread Pattern — A Blend of the Simple and Complex -- Some Recent Investigations into Dynamics and Frictional Behavior of Pneumatic Tires -- A Tyre Engineer Looks Critically at Current Traction Physics -- Panel Discussion “Tire Traction — The Role of the Tire” -- Tire Traction the Role of the Pavement -- Introductory Remarks -- The Relation Between the Stress Saturation of Sliding Rubber and the Load Dependence of Road Tyre Friction -- Pavement Surface Texture Classification and Skid Resistance Photo-Interpretation -- An Approach Towards the Understanding and Design of the Pavement’s Textural Characteristics Required for Optimum Performance of the Tyre -- Panel Discussion Tire Traction — The Role of the Pavement -- An Analysis of the Literature on Tire-Road Skid Resistance -- The Physics of Tire Traction: A Review of Current Theory.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-1370-1
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  • 69
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    Enzyme Engineering Volume 2 (1974)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461588979
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 470 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Content -- Developments and Challenge of Enzyme Engineering -- 1973 Henniker Delphi Study -- Session I. Enzymes: Regulation and New Sources -- Stability of Enzymes from Thermophilic Microorganisms -- Polypeptide Hormones from Tissue Culture -- Design Consideration for Animal Cell Cultures as Sources of Enzymes -- Session II. New Purification Techniques -- Recent Developments in Enzyme Isolation Processes -- Protein Purification by Immunoadsorption -- Purification of Urokinase by Affinity Chromatography -- Short Report: -- Derivatives of Controlled Pore Glass for Affinity Chromatography -- Session III. New Immobilization Techniques and Supports -- Review of Recent Enzyme Immobilization Techniques -- Encapsulation of Enzymes in Liquid Membrane Emulsions -- An Organic Millieu in Immobilized Enzyme Synthesis and Catalysis -- Immobilization of Enzymes on Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins -- Derivatized Nylon: A New Support for the Immobilization of Enzymes -- New Immobilization Techniques and Supports -- Stabilization and Immobilization of Enzymes with Imidoesters -- Complexation of Enzymes or Whole Cells with Collagen -- Short Reports: -- Immobilized Enzymes Using Resinous Carriers -- Covalent Coupling of Small Molecules and Proteins to Poly (2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate Methacrylic Acid) Hydrogels -- Session IV. Immobilized Multi-Step Enzyme Systems: Physical Methods for Examining Immobilized Enzymes -- Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Immobilized Multi-Step Enzyme Systems -- Enzyme Reactions for Preparative Scale Synthesis -- Application of Circular Dichroism to the Study of Enzyme Polymer Conjugates -- Fluorescence Investigation of Immobilized Enzymes -- Effects of the Matrix Environment on Protein Structure -- Short Reports: -- Electron Spin Resonance Investigations into the Interaction Between Proteins and Synthetic Polymers -- Some Observations on the Behavior of an Immobilized Allosteric Enzyme: Phosphofructokinase -- Session V. Use of Immobilized Coenzymes -- Nucleotide Affinity Labels -- Continuous Processing with Cofactor Requiring Enzymes: Coenzyme Retention and Regeneration -- NADH Coupled to Soluble Dextran: Synthesis and Properties -- Enzymatic Regeneration of ATP from AMP and ADP Part I. Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Process Development -- Enzymatic Regeneration of ATP from AMP and ADP Part II. Enzyme Immobilization and Reactor Development -- ATP Regeneration Using Immobilized Carbamyl Phosphokinase -- Immobilization of Coenzyme A and Its Application -- Synthesis and Application of Matrix Bound AMP, NAD+ and Other Adenine Nucleotides -- Session VI. Reactor Design -- Well-Mixed Immobilized Enzyme Reactors -- Reactor Analysis with Laser Microspectrophotometry -- Open Tubular Heterogeneous Enzyme Reactors -- Annular Column Enzyme Reactors -- Kinetic Analysis of a Urease Electrode -- Short Reports: -- Temperature Effects on the Design of Enzyme Reactors -- Immobilized Enzymes: Diffusion and Sigmoid Kinetics in Packed Bed Reactors -- Session VII. Industrial Applications of Immobilized Enzymes -- Food and Product Considerations in the Application of Immobilized Enzymes -- Fiber Entrapped Enzymes -- Continuous Enzyme Reactions by Immobilized Microbial Cells -- Immobilized Glucose Isomerase for the Production of High Fructose Syrups -- Treatment of Milk with Immobilized Proteases and Oxidoreductases -- Short Reports: -- Removal of Serum Hepatitis Antigen from Factor IX with an Immunoadsorbent -- Immobilized Lactase Used in Fluidized Bed Reactors for Treating Cheese Whey -- Session VIII. Commercial Aspects of Enzymes -- Application of a Heat Stable Bacterial Amylase in the Starch Industry -- Toxicologic Studies on Proteolytic Enzymes in Animals and Man -- Recent Trends of Enzyme Engineering in Japan -- Survey of the Enzyme Industry -- Session IX. New Applications of Enzymes -- Analytical Uses of Immobilized Enzymes -- Application of Immobilized Enzymes to Chemical Analysis -- Application of Immobilized Enzymes to Detection and Monitoring -- Preparation of Immobilized Enzymes for Application in Automated Analysis -- Initiation of Enzyme Reactions by Light -- Thermal Enzyme Probe: A Novel Approach to Chemical Analysis -- Effects of Different Routes of in vivo Administration of Microencapsulated Enzymes -- L-Asparaginase from Escherichia coli II and Erwinia carotovora Bound to Poly (methyl methacrylate) -- Trends in the Use of Immobilized Enzymes and Proteins in Human Therapeutics -- Use of Collagen Immobilized Enzymes in Blood Treatment -- Appendix I. Recommendations for Standardization of Nomenclature in Enzyme Technology -- List of Participants.
    Abstract: Considerable worldwide interest has arisen in recent years in the controlled use of enzymes as catalysts in industrial processing, analytical chemistry and medical therapy. This interest has genera­ ted the new interdisciplinary field of Enzyme Engineering, which includes both the scientific and technologic aspects of the produc­ tion, purification, immobilization, and application of enzymes in a variety of situations and reactor configurations. A series of Engineering Foundation conferences on Enzyme Engineering was initia­ ted to provide an international forum for the exchange of ideas and information over the entire range of this new field. The outstanding success of the first two conferences attests to the vigor and poten­ tial of this field to contribute significantly to a better under­ standing and resolution of some of the major problems faced by man­ kind. The first conference, which was held August 9-13, 1971, at Henniker, New Hampshire, U. S. A. , aided significantly in molding the several traditional disciplines that interact to form the field of Enzyme Engineering. The conference was highly successful mainly because many of the key scientists and engineers from the several facets of Enzyme Engineering were brought together for the first time at a single residential meeting. The result was an exchange of ideas and "education" of one another in the pertinent principles of the diverse disciplines which contribute to this field. The second conference, held August 5-10, 1973, at Henniker, New Hampshire, U. S. A.
    Description / Table of Contents: ContentDevelopments and Challenge of Enzyme Engineering -- 1973 Henniker Delphi Study -- Session I. Enzymes: Regulation and New Sources -- Stability of Enzymes from Thermophilic Microorganisms -- Polypeptide Hormones from Tissue Culture -- Design Consideration for Animal Cell Cultures as Sources of Enzymes -- Session II. New Purification Techniques -- Recent Developments in Enzyme Isolation Processes -- Protein Purification by Immunoadsorption -- Purification of Urokinase by Affinity Chromatography -- Short Report: -- Derivatives of Controlled Pore Glass for Affinity Chromatography -- Session III. New Immobilization Techniques and Supports -- Review of Recent Enzyme Immobilization Techniques -- Encapsulation of Enzymes in Liquid Membrane Emulsions -- An Organic Millieu in Immobilized Enzyme Synthesis and Catalysis -- Immobilization of Enzymes on Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins -- Derivatized Nylon: A New Support for the Immobilization of Enzymes -- New Immobilization Techniques and Supports -- Stabilization and Immobilization of Enzymes with Imidoesters -- Complexation of Enzymes or Whole Cells with Collagen -- Short Reports: -- Immobilized Enzymes Using Resinous Carriers -- Covalent Coupling of Small Molecules and Proteins to Poly (2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate Methacrylic Acid) Hydrogels -- Session IV. Immobilized Multi-Step Enzyme Systems: Physical Methods for Examining Immobilized Enzymes -- Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Immobilized Multi-Step Enzyme Systems -- Enzyme Reactions for Preparative Scale Synthesis -- Application of Circular Dichroism to the Study of Enzyme Polymer Conjugates -- Fluorescence Investigation of Immobilized Enzymes -- Effects of the Matrix Environment on Protein Structure -- Short Reports: -- Electron Spin Resonance Investigations into the Interaction Between Proteins and Synthetic Polymers -- Some Observations on the Behavior of an Immobilized Allosteric Enzyme: Phosphofructokinase -- Session V. Use of Immobilized Coenzymes -- Nucleotide Affinity Labels -- Continuous Processing with Cofactor Requiring Enzymes: Coenzyme Retention and Regeneration -- NADH Coupled to Soluble Dextran: Synthesis and Properties -- Enzymatic Regeneration of ATP from AMP and ADP Part I. Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Process Development -- Enzymatic Regeneration of ATP from AMP and ADP Part II. Enzyme Immobilization and Reactor Development -- ATP Regeneration Using Immobilized Carbamyl Phosphokinase -- Immobilization of Coenzyme A and Its Application -- Synthesis and Application of Matrix Bound AMP, NAD+ and Other Adenine Nucleotides -- Session VI. Reactor Design -- Well-Mixed Immobilized Enzyme Reactors -- Reactor Analysis with Laser Microspectrophotometry -- Open Tubular Heterogeneous Enzyme Reactors -- Annular Column Enzyme Reactors -- Kinetic Analysis of a Urease Electrode -- Short Reports: -- Temperature Effects on the Design of Enzyme Reactors -- Immobilized Enzymes: Diffusion and Sigmoid Kinetics in Packed Bed Reactors -- Session VII. Industrial Applications of Immobilized Enzymes -- Food and Product Considerations in the Application of Immobilized Enzymes -- Fiber Entrapped Enzymes -- Continuous Enzyme Reactions by Immobilized Microbial Cells -- Immobilized Glucose Isomerase for the Production of High Fructose Syrups -- Treatment of Milk with Immobilized Proteases and Oxidoreductases -- Short Reports: -- Removal of Serum Hepatitis Antigen from Factor IX with an Immunoadsorbent -- Immobilized Lactase Used in Fluidized Bed Reactors for Treating Cheese Whey -- Session VIII. Commercial Aspects of Enzymes -- Application of a Heat Stable Bacterial Amylase in the Starch Industry -- Toxicologic Studies on Proteolytic Enzymes in Animals and Man -- Recent Trends of Enzyme Engineering in Japan -- Survey of the Enzyme Industry -- Session IX. New Applications of Enzymes -- Analytical Uses of Immobilized Enzymes -- Application of Immobilized Enzymes to Chemical Analysis -- Application of Immobilized Enzymes to Detection and Monitoring -- Preparation of Immobilized Enzymes for Application in Automated Analysis -- Initiation of Enzyme Reactions by Light -- Thermal Enzyme Probe: A Novel Approach to Chemical Analysis -- Effects of Different Routes of in vivo Administration of Microencapsulated Enzymes -- L-Asparaginase from Escherichia coli II and Erwinia carotovora Bound to Poly (methyl methacrylate) -- Trends in the Use of Immobilized Enzymes and Proteins in Human Therapeutics -- Use of Collagen Immobilized Enzymes in Blood Treatment -- Appendix I. Recommendations for Standardization of Nomenclature in Enzyme Technology -- List of Participants.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-8897-9
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  • 70
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    Learning Systems and Intelligent Robots (1974)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468421064
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: The Concept of a Linguistic Variable and its Application to Approximate Reasoning -- Fundamental Concepts and Social Consequences of Artificial Intelligence -- Biorobots for Simulation Studies of Learning and Intelligent Controls -- A Mathematical Neuron Model which Has a Staircaselike Response Characteristic -- Performance Aspects of Stochastic Nonlinear System Classification by Pattern Recognition Methods -- Algorithmic Techniques for Modeling Nonlinear Functions -- A Survey of Heuristic Search Method of Multimodal Optimum Point -- Basic Search Patterns in Heuristic Search -- Multi-Modal System Identifications by a Learning Procedure -- Learning Dual Control under Complete State Information -- On a Class of Variable-Structure Systems -- A Method of Learning Control Varying Search Domain by Fuzzy Automata -- Adaptive Computer Aiding in Dynamic Decision Processes -- Optimal Learning Recognizer for Unknown Signal Sets in a Channel with Feedback Link -- Computational Algorithms for Interactive Pattern Recognition -- A Methodology for Interactive Systems -- Automatic Recognition of Complex Three-Dimensional Objects from Optical Images -- Eyes of the Wabot -- The “Rubber-Mask” Technique-I, Pattern Meaurement and Analysis -- The “Rubber-Mask” Technique-II, Pattern Storage and Recognition -- Learning Texture Information from Singular Photographs and Its Application in Digital Image Classification -- A Theory of Character Recognition by Pattern Matching Method.
    Abstract: This book contains the Proceedings of the S~cond U. S. -Japan Seminar on Learning Control and Intelligent Control. The seminar, held at Gainesville, Florida, from October 22 to 26, 1973, was sponsored by the U. S. -Japan Cooperative Science Program, jointly supported by the National Science Foundation and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The full texts of the twenty-one presented papers are included. The papers cover a variety of topics related to learning control and intelligent control, ranging from pattern recognition to system identification, from learning control to intelligent robots. During the past decade, there has been a considerable increase of interest in problems of machine learning, systems which exhibit learning behavior. In designing a system, if the a priori infor­ mation required is unknown or incompletely known, one approach is to design a system which is capable of learning the unknown infor­ mation during its operation. The learned information will then be used to improve the system's performance. This approach has been used in the design of pattern recognition systems, automatic control systems and system identification algorithms. If we naturally extend our goal to the design of systems which will behave more and more intelligently, learning systems research is only a preliminary step towards a general concept of integrated intelligent systems. One example of this class of systems is the intelligent robot, which integrates pattern recognition. learning and problem-solving into one intelligent system.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Concept of a Linguistic Variable and its Application to Approximate ReasoningFundamental Concepts and Social Consequences of Artificial Intelligence -- Biorobots for Simulation Studies of Learning and Intelligent Controls -- A Mathematical Neuron Model which Has a Staircaselike Response Characteristic -- Performance Aspects of Stochastic Nonlinear System Classification by Pattern Recognition Methods -- Algorithmic Techniques for Modeling Nonlinear Functions -- A Survey of Heuristic Search Method of Multimodal Optimum Point -- Basic Search Patterns in Heuristic Search -- Multi-Modal System Identifications by a Learning Procedure -- Learning Dual Control under Complete State Information -- On a Class of Variable-Structure Systems -- A Method of Learning Control Varying Search Domain by Fuzzy Automata -- Adaptive Computer Aiding in Dynamic Decision Processes -- Optimal Learning Recognizer for Unknown Signal Sets in a Channel with Feedback Link -- Computational Algorithms for Interactive Pattern Recognition -- A Methodology for Interactive Systems -- Automatic Recognition of Complex Three-Dimensional Objects from Optical Images -- Eyes of the Wabot -- The “Rubber-Mask” Technique-I, Pattern Meaurement and Analysis -- The “Rubber-Mask” Technique-II, Pattern Storage and Recognition -- Learning Texture Information from Singular Photographs and Its Application in Digital Image Classification -- A Theory of Character Recognition by Pattern Matching Method.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-2106-4
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  • 71
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    Particle Interactions at High Energies : Scottish Universities’ Summer School 1966 (1974)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489955296
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 406 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Scottish Universities’ Summer School
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-5529-6
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  • 72
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    The Logic of the Plausible and Some of its Applications (1974)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468407426
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1 The Pioneers of Systematic Thinking -- 2 The Logic of the Plausible -- 3 Introduction of Some Important Applications -- References.
    Abstract: So simple and imperfect as it may appear this book has made use of knowledge on invention and discovery accumu­ lated during a lifetime. Those persons who would be tempted to emphasize only its imperfections should read the correspondence exchanged between Cantor and Dedekind at the end of the nineteenth century; they would then realize how difficult it was, even for an outstanding man, the creator of the set theory, to propose impeccable results in a completely new field. The field I have chosen here is plausibility. I have proposed an intuitive, some would say a naive, presentation as I want to reach as large an audience as possible and because I personally believe that it is easier to axiomatize a mathematical theory precisely than to dis­ cover it and enunciate its key theorems. Professor Polya said: "The truly creative mathematician is a good guesser first and a good prover afterward. " For centuries a formalized generalized logic was found necessary and many attempts have been made to build it. vi Preface Mine is based on plausibility which covers with precision a wider field than probability and makes the formalization of analogy and generalization possible. As Laplace said: "Even in the mathematical sciences, our principal instru­ ments to discover the truth are induction and analogy. "* The examples of application I have chosen are not des­ cribed in detail.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Pioneers of Systematic Thinking2 The Logic of the Plausible -- 3 Introduction of Some Important Applications -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-0742-6
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  • 73
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    The Concert Song Companion : A Guide to the Classical Repertoire (1974)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781475700497
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Music.
    Abstract: I The German Language -- II France -- III Russia, Scandinavia and Eastern Europe -- IV Italy, Spain and the rest of Europe -- V The English Language -- Epilogue -- Index of composers and poets -- Index of titles and first lines.
    Abstract: W HAT I H A V E attempted in this book is a survey of song; the kind of song which one finds variously described as 'concert', 'art', or sometimes even 'classical song'. 'Concert song' seems the most useful, certainly the least inexact or misleading, of some descriptions, especially since 'art song' sounds primly off­ putting, and 'classical song' really ought to be used only to refer to songs written during the classical period, i. e. the 18th century. Concert song clearly means the kind of songs one hears sung at concerts or recitals. Addressing myself to the general music-lover who, though he possesses no special knowledge of the song literature, is never­ theless interested enough in songs and their singers to attend recitals of Lieder or of songs in various languages, I have naturally confined myself to that period of time in which the vast majority of these songs was composed, though not necessarily only to those composers whose songs have survived to be remembered in recital programmes today. I suppose this to be roughly the three centuries covered by the years 1650-1950, though most of the songs we, as audiences, know and love were composed in the middle of this period, in other words in the 19th century.
    Description / Table of Contents: I The German LanguageII France -- III Russia, Scandinavia and Eastern Europe -- IV Italy, Spain and the rest of Europe -- V The English Language -- Epilogue -- Index of composers and poets -- Index of titles and first lines.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-0049-7
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  • 74
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    Brain Biochemistry (1974)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489933928
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (71 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Outline Studies in Biology
    DDC: 612
    Keywords: Medicine ; Human physiology
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-3392-8
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  • 75
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    The Proton in Chemistry (1973)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781475715927
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 310 p) , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Acids, bases, and the nature of the hydrogen ion -- 3 The investigation of protolytic equilibria in aqueous solution -- 4 The effect of the solvent on protolytic equilibria -- 5 The thermodynamics of protolytic equilibria -- 6 Acid-base strength and molecular structure -- 7 The direct study of rates of simple proton-transfer reactions -- 8 The indirect study of rates of proton transfer -- 9 Examples of reactions catalysed by acids and bases -- 10 Rates, equilibria, and structures in proton-transfer reactions -- 11 Isotope effects in proton-transfer equilibria -- 12 Kinetic isotope effects in proton-transfer reactions -- Author Index.
    Abstract: The first edition of this book was based on the lectures which I gave at Cornell University during 1958 as George Fisher Baker Lecturer, and I would like to repeat my warmest thanks to Professor F. A. Long and the other members of the Department of Chemistry for their kindness and helpful advice. The present edition was largely written during the tenure of a Visiting Professorship awarded by the Royal Society and the Israeli Academy of Sciences. I am deeply indebted to both of these bodies and also to the hospitality of the Weizmann Institute of Science, in particular to Professor David Samuel and Professor F. S. Klein of the Isotopes Research Department. The subject as a whole has expanded greatly since 1959, especially in two fields, namely, the direct study of fast proton-transfer reactions (notably by the relaxation methods pioneered by Eigen), and the experi­ mental and theoretical study of hydrogen isotope effects. In order to keep the size of the book within reasonable bounds it has been necessary to adopt a selective policy, and this is particularly the case in Chapter 9 where I have chosen to treat a few types of reaction in some detail rather than to attempt a more complete coverage.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-1592-7
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  • 76
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    Memory and Transfer of Information : Proceedings of a symposium sponsored by the MERCK’SCHE GESELLSCHAFT für KUNST und WISSENSCHAFT held at Göttingen, May 24-26, 1972 (1973)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468420524
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Neurophysiology, Neuropharmacology and Behavior -- Neural Control of Input into Long Term Memory: Limbic System and Amnestic Syndrome in Man -- A Study of Memory in Aged People -- The Transfer of Information between Sense-Modalities: A Neurophysiological Review -- The Significance of Exogenous and Endogenous Factors in the Hereditary Differences in Learning Ability of Rats -- The Reactivity of Wistar Rats Highly Selected for Good and Bad Learning, Observed in Various Physiological and Pharmacological Test Models -- Statistical EEG Analysis in Strains of Rats with Genetically Determined Different Learning Performance -- Some Views on the Neurophysiological and Neurophar-macological Mechanisms of Storage and Retrieval of Information -- Mode of Action of Some Drugs which Affect Learning and Memory -- Compensatory Mechanisms Following Labyrinthine Lesion in the Guinea-Pig. A Simple Model of Learning -- Action of Various Drugs on the Formation and Fixation of Long Term Information in the Goldfish (Carassius auratus) -- Communication between Nerves and Muscles: Postnatal Development in Kitten Hindlimb Fast and Slow Twitch Muscle -- Some Neurophysiological Considerations Concerning “Memory” -- Transfer of Acquired Information -- The Structure of the “Memory-Code-Word” Scotophobin -- Evidence for Molecular Coding of Neural Information -- Recent Experiments in Memory Transfer -- The Effect of Synthetic Scotophobin on the Light Tolerance of Teleosts (Carassius auratus and Tinca tinca) -- Peptides and Behavior -- Studies with Dark Avoidance and Scotophobin -- New Experimental Approaches to the Inter-Animal Transfer of Acquired Information -- Chemical Transfer of Learned Information in Mammals and Fish -- Chemical Transfer of a Dummy Reaction, Released in Young Mouthbreeding Fish (Ti1apia nilotica) during the “Critical Period”, from Imprinted Donors into Unimprinted Recipients after the “Critical Period” -- Neurochemistry -- Neurochemical Micromethods -- Neuronal Plasticity, Protein Conformation and Behavior -- Phosphorylation of Non-Histone Acid-Extractable Nuclear Proteins (NAEP) from Brain -- Biochemical Regulation of Synaptic Connectivity -- Radioactive Studies of Changes in Protein Metabolism by Adequate and Inadequate Stimulation in the Optic Tectum of Teleosts -- Encephalotropic Drugs and Cerebral RNA Metabolism.
    Abstract: The contents of this book are the presentations of a Symposium on "Memory and Transfer of Information", held at Gottingen, May 24-26, 1972 . One of the main reasons for organizing this Symposium was to stimulate interdisciplinary discussion between sci­ entists working in the field as a whole. Most of the pre­ vious meetings dealing with memory and transfer of infor­ mation have tended to be rather limited in scope. The pres­ ent Symposium covered a wide range of topics, including neurophysiological, neuropharmacological, neurochemical, behavioral and clinical aspects of learning and chemical transfer of information, presented by specialists in these areas. The Proceedings of the meeting present a large number of previously unpublished results, e.g., recent experiments in neurophysiology and neurochemistry, new approaches to chemical transfer of learned information, experiments using synthetic scotophobin and drugs influencing learning and behavior. The importance of interdisciplinary discussion is perhaps most clearly emphasized by the advances in neuro­ chemical micromethods which are of particular interest to scientists working on the chemical transfer of information. Only such interdisciplinary collaboration between highly specialized scientists guarantees further progress and deeper insight into the complex, and until now little under­ stood, mechanisms of that most intricate of organs, the brain. Hans Peter ZIPPEL vii CONTRIBUTORS BRADLEY, P.B. Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Birmingham B1S 2TJ, England BYRNE, W. L. ~'; Department of Biochemistry. University of Tennessee. College of Basic Medical Sciences. Memphis. Tennessee 38103. U.S.A. CREUTZFELDT, O.D.
    Description / Table of Contents: Neurophysiology, Neuropharmacology and BehaviorNeural Control of Input into Long Term Memory: Limbic System and Amnestic Syndrome in Man -- A Study of Memory in Aged People -- The Transfer of Information between Sense-Modalities: A Neurophysiological Review -- The Significance of Exogenous and Endogenous Factors in the Hereditary Differences in Learning Ability of Rats -- The Reactivity of Wistar Rats Highly Selected for Good and Bad Learning, Observed in Various Physiological and Pharmacological Test Models -- Statistical EEG Analysis in Strains of Rats with Genetically Determined Different Learning Performance -- Some Views on the Neurophysiological and Neurophar-macological Mechanisms of Storage and Retrieval of Information -- Mode of Action of Some Drugs which Affect Learning and Memory -- Compensatory Mechanisms Following Labyrinthine Lesion in the Guinea-Pig. A Simple Model of Learning -- Action of Various Drugs on the Formation and Fixation of Long Term Information in the Goldfish (Carassius auratus) -- Communication between Nerves and Muscles: Postnatal Development in Kitten Hindlimb Fast and Slow Twitch Muscle -- Some Neurophysiological Considerations Concerning “Memory” -- Transfer of Acquired Information -- The Structure of the “Memory-Code-Word” Scotophobin -- Evidence for Molecular Coding of Neural Information -- Recent Experiments in Memory Transfer -- The Effect of Synthetic Scotophobin on the Light Tolerance of Teleosts (Carassius auratus and Tinca tinca) -- Peptides and Behavior -- Studies with Dark Avoidance and Scotophobin -- New Experimental Approaches to the Inter-Animal Transfer of Acquired Information -- Chemical Transfer of Learned Information in Mammals and Fish -- Chemical Transfer of a Dummy Reaction, Released in Young Mouthbreeding Fish (Ti1apia nilotica) during the “Critical Period”, from Imprinted Donors into Unimprinted Recipients after the “Critical Period” -- Neurochemistry -- Neurochemical Micromethods -- Neuronal Plasticity, Protein Conformation and Behavior -- Phosphorylation of Non-Histone Acid-Extractable Nuclear Proteins (NAEP) from Brain -- Biochemical Regulation of Synaptic Connectivity -- Radioactive Studies of Changes in Protein Metabolism by Adequate and Inadequate Stimulation in the Optic Tectum of Teleosts -- Encephalotropic Drugs and Cerebral RNA Metabolism.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-2052-4
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  • 77
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    Company Law : A comparative Review (1973)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489961389
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 105 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Commercial law
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-6138-9
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  • 78
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    Underwater Medicine and Related Sciences : A Guide to the Literature An Annotated Bibliography, Key Word Index, and Microthesaurus (1973)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468485004
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Abstracts -- Permuted Subject Index -- Author Index -- Microthesaurus.
    Abstract: This volume follows and updates AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON DIVING AND SUBMARINE MEDICINE published by Gordon and Breach, Science Publishers, Inc., in 1971. The time period covered is primarily the calendar years 1970 and 1971. Also included, however, is much material from the calendar years 1968 and 1969 not in the previous publication. A brief analysis of the sources of material precedes the citations and abstracts, which comprise the main section of the volume. The bibliography is followed by a permuted subject index and an author index. Also included, following the indexes, is a micro thesaurus. Although no attempt has been made to do a critical subject analysis, such an analysis could be accomplished through selecting a particular subject, looking up the appropriate key works in the rotated index, identifying the abstracts, analyzing them, obtaining complete copy as desired, and completing the critical review. David C. Weeks, Ph.D. Director, BSCP Washington, D.C.
    Description / Table of Contents: AbstractsPermuted Subject Index -- Author Index -- Microthesaurus.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-8500-4
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  • 79
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    Biology of Brain Dysfunction : Volume 2 (1973)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468426700
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Disorders of Sphingolipid MetabolismI. Introduction -- II. Chemistry, Metabolism, and Distribution of Sphingolipids -- III. Individual Sphingolipidoses -- IV. Summary and Concluding Remarks -- References -- 2 Disorders of the Cerebral Circulation -- I. Introduction -- II. Methods for Study of the Cerebral Circulation -- III. Regulation of the Cerebral Circulation -- IV. Dysfunction of Regulatory Mechanisms -- V. Intravascular Phenomena -- VI. Secondary Effects of Disturbed Regulation -- VII. Conclusion -- References -- 3 Effects of Narcotic Analgesics on Brain function -- I. Introduction -- II. Physiological Effects of Narcotic Analgesics -- III. Metabolism of Narcotic Analgesics in the Nervous System -- IV. Biochemical Responses to Narcotics -- V. Electroencephalography -- VI. Theories on the Mechanism of Addiction to Narcotics -- VII. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 4 Genetic Disorders of Brain Development: Animal Models -- I. Introduction -- II. Chromosomal Organization in Eukaryotes -- III. Development of the CNS -- IV. Genetic Disorders of Brain Development -- V. Prevention of Brain Dysfunction -- References -- 5 Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis -- I. Introduction -- II. Historical Background -- III. Identification of Specific Encephalitogenic Components of CNS Tissue -- IV. Pathogenesis of EAE -- V. Possible Relationship of EAE to Human Demyelinative Disorders -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Disorders of Fatty Acids -- I. Introduction -- II. Fatty Acids in Normal Brain and Nerve -- III. Phytanic Acid Storage Disease (Refsum’s Disease) -- IV. Disorders with Storage of Ceroid -- V. Other Storage Disorders -- VI. Demyelination of Known Etiology -- VII. Multiple Sclerosis -- VIII. Other Human Disorders -- IX. Animal Disorders -- X. Criteria for Establishing Primary Disorders of Cerebral Fatty Acid Metabolism -- References -- 7 Bilirubin Encephalopathy -- I. Introduction and Historical Perspective -- II. Chemistry and Metabolism of Bilirubin with Special Note of Variations Seen in the Newborn Period -- III. Protein Binding of Bilirubin -- IV. Problems Hampering Research -- V. Pathological Lesion of Bilirubin Encephalopathy -- VI. Extraneural Pathological Lesions Induced by Bilirubin -- VII. Metabolic Lesions Induced by Bilirubin -- VIII. Why Is Brain Damage the Main Pathological Phenomenon Induced by Bilirubin? -- References -- 8 The Action of Thyroid Hormones and Their Influence on Brain Development and function -- I. Introduction -- II. General Role of Thyroid Hormones in the Structural and Functional Maturation of the Nervous System -- III. Biochemical and Metabolic Effects of Thyroid Hormones in Nervous Tissues -- References -- 9 Biology of the Striatum -- I. Introduction -- II. Role of the Striatum in Motility -- III. Role of the Striatum in Mental Function -- IV. Role of the Striatum in Autonomic Functions -- V. Conclusions -- References -- 10 Pathophysiology of Central Nervous System Regulation of Anterior Pituitary function -- I. Introduction -- II. Concept of Endocrine Regulation Via Releasing Hormones of Neural Origin -- III. Factors Involved in the Periodic Release of Pituitary Hormones -- IV. Effect of Neonatal Hormonal Milieu on Neuroendocrine Control Mechanisms -- V. Clinical Correlates -- References -- of Volume 1 -- Articles Planned for Future Volumes.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-2670-0
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  • 80
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    Cellular Development (1973)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489933744
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Outline Studies in Biology
    DDC: 571.6
    Keywords: Life sciences ; Cytology
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-3374-4
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  • 81
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    Functions of Biological Membranes (1973)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489932525
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (62 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Outline Studies in Biology
    DDC: 571.64
    Keywords: Life sciences ; Cell membranes
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-3252-5
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  • 82
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    Biology of Brain Dysfunction : Volume 1 (1973)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468426670
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Genetic Disorders of Mucopolysaccharide MetabolismI. Introduction -- II. Classification of the Disorders -- III. Genetics -- IV. Chemical Pathology -- V. Chemistry of the Sulfated Mucopolysaccharides -- VI. The Biochemical Defect -- VII. Some Practical Applications of Recent Biochemical Findings -- VIII. Summary -- Note Added in Proof -- References -- 2 Galactosemia: Biochemistry, Genetics, Pathophysiology, and Developmental Aspects -- I. Introduction -- II. Galactose Metabolism -- III. Hereditary Enzymatic Deficiencies in Galactose Metabolism -- IV. The Pathophysiology of Galactosemia -- V. Treatment -- References -- 3 Cytogenetic Aspects of Brain Dysfunction -- I. Introduction -- II. Incidence of Human Chromosome Anomalies -- III. Syndromes Related to Autosomal Abnormalities -- IV. Syndromes Related to Sex Chromosome Abnormalities -- V. Syndromes Related to Chromosome Breakages -- VI. Detection of Individuals with Abnormal Chromosomes -- VII. Prenatal Diagnosis of Chromosomal Abnormalities -- VIII. Concluding Remarks -- References -- 4 Disorders of Glucose Metabolism in Brain Dysfunction -- I. Introduction -- II. Systemic Disorders of Glucose Metabolism -- III. Newer Concepts of Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Vivo -- IV. Disorders of Glucose Metabolism in Brain -- References -- 5 Effects of Viral Infections on the Brain -- I. Introduction -- II. Methods -- III. Pathways of Viral Spread -- IV. Cellular Response to Viral Infection -- V. Biochemical Changes -- VI. Immunological Reactions -- VII. Pathogenesis of Viral Diseases of the Brain -- VIII. Conclusion -- References -- 6 Disorders of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Brain Extracellular Fluid -- I. Introduction -- II. Anatomical Considerations -- III. Pathophysiological Aspects of Cerebrospinal Fluid -- IV. Pathophysiological Aspects of Brain Extracellular Fluid -- References -- 7 Disorders of Nucleic Acid Metabolism -- I. Disorders of Purine Metabolism -- II. Disorders of Pyrimidine Metabolism -- References -- 8 Effects of Malnutrition on Brain Development -- I. Introduction -- II. General Considerations Involved in Cellular Growth -- III. Normal Cellular Growth of the Brain -- IV. Nutritional Effects on Cellular Growth of the Brain -- V. Prenatal Malnutrition -- VI. Summary -- References -- 9 Pathophysiology of Anoxic Brain Damage -- I. Introduction -- II. Normal Oxidative Metabolism in the Brain -- III. Work Performed by the CNS Cells -- IV. Supply of Oxygen to the Brain Cells -- V. Supply and Metabolism of Substrates -- VI. Energy Flow and Energy State -- VII. Measurements of Energy States and Metabolite Levels -- VIII. Types of Cerebral Hypoxia and Anoxia -- IX. Cerebral Changes in Anoxia and Hypoxia -- X. Cerebral Changes in Ischemia -- XI. Factors Modifying the Response to Anoxia -- References -- 10 Effects of Deficiencies of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 on Central Nervous System Function and Development -- I. Introduction -- II. Biochemical Roles of Coenzyme Forms of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 -- III. Central Nervous System Damage Due to Folic Acid Deficiency -- IV. Central Nervous System Damage Due to Vitamin B12 Deficiency -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-2667-0
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  • 83
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    Macromolecules and Behavior (1972)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468460421
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- 1. Introduction -- II. Products of DNA Activation -- 2. Macromolecules-Functional and Biochemical Correlates -- 3. Brain Function and RNA -- 4. Macromolecules and Brain Function -- 5. Inhibitors of Cerebral Protein or RNA Synthesis and Memory -- 6. Biological Assays for the Molecular Coding of Acquired Information -- 7. Biological Activity of Antibrain Antibody—an Introduction to Immunoneurology -- 8. Correlation of the S-100 Brain Protein with Behavior -- III. Macromolecules and Intracellular, Intercellular, and Synaptic Events -- 9. Axoplasmic Flow-The Fast Transport System in Mammalian Nerve Fibers -- 10. A Molecular Basis for Regional Differentiation of the Excitable Membrane -- 11. Macromolecular Synthesis in Synapses -- 12. Chemical and Anatomical Plasticity of Brain: Replications and Extensions, 1970 -- 13. Macromolecular Change and the Synapse -- 14. Autoradiographic Examination of Behaviorally Induced Changes in the Protein and Nucleic Acid Metabolism of the Brain -- 15. Macromolecular Changes Within Neuron-Neuroglia Unit During Behavioral Events -- IV. Models of Memory -- 16. Molecular Biological Approaches to the Study of Memory -- 17. Some Dimensions of Remembering: Steps Toward Neuropsychological Model of Memory.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Introduction1. Introduction -- II. Products of DNA Activation -- 2. Macromolecules-Functional and Biochemical Correlates -- 3. Brain Function and RNA -- 4. Macromolecules and Brain Function -- 5. Inhibitors of Cerebral Protein or RNA Synthesis and Memory -- 6. Biological Assays for the Molecular Coding of Acquired Information -- 7. Biological Activity of Antibrain Antibody-an Introduction to Immunoneurology -- 8. Correlation of the S-100 Brain Protein with Behavior -- III. Macromolecules and Intracellular, Intercellular, and Synaptic Events -- 9. Axoplasmic Flow-The Fast Transport System in Mammalian Nerve Fibers -- 10. A Molecular Basis for Regional Differentiation of the Excitable Membrane -- 11. Macromolecular Synthesis in Synapses -- 12. Chemical and Anatomical Plasticity of Brain: Replications and Extensions, 1970 -- 13. Macromolecular Change and the Synapse -- 14. Autoradiographic Examination of Behaviorally Induced Changes in the Protein and Nucleic Acid Metabolism of the Brain -- 15. Macromolecular Changes Within Neuron-Neuroglia Unit During Behavioral Events -- IV. Models of Memory -- 16. Molecular Biological Approaches to the Study of Memory -- 17. Some Dimensions of Remembering: Steps Toward Neuropsychological Model of Memory.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-6042-1
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  • 84
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    Biology, History, and Natural Philosophy (1972)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468416954
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. The Autonomy of Biology as a Natural Science -- II. The Model of Open Systems: Beyond Molecular Biology -- III. Electronic Mobility in Biological Processes -- IV. The Evolution and Organization of Sentient Biological Behavior Systems -- V. The Evolutionary Significance of Biological Templates -- VI. Evolutionary Modulation of Ribosomal RNA Synthesis in Oogenesis and Early Embryonic Development -- VII. Respiration as Interface Between Self and Non-Self: Historico-Biological Perspectives -- VIII. Measurement Theory and Biology -- IX. The Transition from Theoretical Physics into Theoretical Biology -- X. Scientific Enterprises from a Biological Point of View -- XI. Historical Observations Concerning the Relationship Between Biology and Mathematics -- XII. A Survey of the Mechanical Interpretations of Life from Greek Atomists to the Followers of Descartes -- XIII. The Place of Normative Ethics Within a Biological Framework -- XIV. The Evolutionary Thought of Teilhard De Chardin -- XV. The Use of Biological Concepts in in the Writing of History -- XVI. What is a Historical System? -- XVII. On a Difference Between the Natural Sciences and History -- XVIII. Historical Taxonomy -- XIX. Theories of the Universe in the Late Eighteenth Century -- XX. Must a Machine be an Automaton? -- XXI. Epistemology, the Mind and the Computer -- XXII. Marginal Notes on Schrödinger.
    Abstract: In a world that peers over the brink of disaster more often than not it is difficult to find specific assignments for the scholarly community. One speaks of peace and brotherhood only to realize that for many the only real hope of making a contribution may seem to be in a field of scientific specialization seemingly irrelevant to social causes and problems. Yet the history of man since the beginnings of science in the days of the Greeks does not support this gloomy thesis. Time and again we have seen science precipitate social trends or changes in the humanistic beliefs that have a significant effect on the scientific community. Not infrequently the theoretical scientist, triggered by society's changing goals and understandings, finds ultimate satisfaction in the work of his colleagues in engineering and the other applied fields. Thus the major debate in mid-nineteenth century in which the evidence of natural history and geology at variance with the Biblical feats provided not only courage to a timid Darwin but the kind of audience that was needed to fit his theories into the broad public dialogue on these topics. The impact of "Darwinism" was felt far beyond the scientific community. It affected social thought, upset religious certainties and greatly affected the teaching of science.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. The Autonomy of Biology as a Natural ScienceII. The Model of Open Systems: Beyond Molecular Biology -- III. Electronic Mobility in Biological Processes -- IV. The Evolution and Organization of Sentient Biological Behavior Systems -- V. The Evolutionary Significance of Biological Templates -- VI. Evolutionary Modulation of Ribosomal RNA Synthesis in Oogenesis and Early Embryonic Development -- VII. Respiration as Interface Between Self and Non-Self: Historico-Biological Perspectives -- VIII. Measurement Theory and Biology -- IX. The Transition from Theoretical Physics into Theoretical Biology -- X. Scientific Enterprises from a Biological Point of View -- XI. Historical Observations Concerning the Relationship Between Biology and Mathematics -- XII. A Survey of the Mechanical Interpretations of Life from Greek Atomists to the Followers of Descartes -- XIII. The Place of Normative Ethics Within a Biological Framework -- XIV. The Evolutionary Thought of Teilhard De Chardin -- XV. The Use of Biological Concepts in in the Writing of History -- XVI. What is a Historical System? -- XVII. On a Difference Between the Natural Sciences and History -- XVIII. Historical Taxonomy -- XIX. Theories of the Universe in the Late Eighteenth Century -- XX. Must a Machine be an Automaton? -- XXI. Epistemology, the Mind and the Computer -- XXII. Marginal Notes on Schrödinger.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-1695-4
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  • 85
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    The Science of Life : Contributions of Biology to Human Welfare (1972)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468417104
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- II. Basic Biomedicine -- Speed of application -- Reproductive physiology -- Regulatory mechanisms -- The lungs -- The hormones, insulin and diabetes -- Hormones and ulcers -- Neurophysiology and mental diseases -- Cardiovascular diseases -- Comparative physiology -- Macromolecules and DNA -- The proteins -- Enzymes -- Biosynthesis -- Metabolic events -- Energy -- The molecular basis of disease -- Rational design of drugs -- Application of basic knowledge -- Selected additional reading -- III. Clinical Medicine -- Infectious diseases -- Parasitic diseases -- Community health and epidemiology -- Military research contributions -- Drugs -- Immunology -- Transplantation -- Anesthesiology -- Surgery -- Cardiovascular surgery -- Cardiovascular disease -- Renal disease -- Pulmonary disease -- Hematology -- Endocrinology -- Medical genetics -- Pediatrics -- Obstetrics and gynecology -- Geriatrics -- Nutrition -- Neurology -- Psychiatry -- Ophthalmology -- Otorhinolaryngology -- Radiology -- Nuclear medicine -- Bioengineering -- Automation -- Rehabilitation -- Conclusion -- Selected additional reading -- IV. Dental Science -- Dental decay -- Periodontal disease -- Other clinical considerations -- Delivery of dental services -- Dental materials -- Orthodontics -- Surgical orthodontics -- Maxillofacial prosthesis -- Selected additional reading -- V. Food -- Food from plants -- Harvest to table -- Food from animals -- Animal disease control -- Preserving and distributing food from animals -- Processing and preserving foods -- Conclusion -- Selected additional reading -- VI. Population Biology -- Population potential and carrying capacity -- Populations in ecosystems -- Controlling pest populations -- Selected additional reading -- VII. Environmental Hazards -- Biological hazards to man -- Chemical hazards to man -- Physical hazards to man -- Selected additional reading -- VIII. Marine Sciences -- Feeding man -- Resource assessment -- Behavior studies -- Value of prediction of fishing success -- Preservation of fishery products -- Fish protein concentrate -- Management of renewable resources -- Diseases and parasites -- Man and his environment -- Health and medical research -- Selected additional reading -- IX. Natural Resources -- Man and his resources -- Land: the greatest resource -- Forest and timber resources -- Game management -- Technology in resource management -- Microbes—the unseen resource -- Conversion of waste to resource -- Preserving for the future -- Conservation of man’s abundance -- Selected additional reading.
    Abstract: The Science of Life: Contributions of Biology to Human Welfare is the first of what we anticipate will be a series of monographs resulting from activities of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. From time to time material drawn from symposia presented at the an­ nual meetings of the Societies, when considered suitable, will be published as separate FASEB Monographs. Usually, the material will have appeared in Federation Proceedings. Occasionally, other papers resulting from symposia, conferences, or special meetings sponsored by the Federation or one of its constituent societies will appear as a F ASEB monograph. In some instances, special articles on the same topic will be drawn together under one cover. Why should information which has already been printed and distributed as a part of the editorial content of a journal be republished as a monograph? Most of the ma­ terial to be included in this effort, particularly the symposia presented at the annual meetings of the six Federated Societies, will summarize the state of the art ex­ cellently. Such information will be of considerable value to students and teachers, especially for undergraduate honors courses or in graduate studies.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. IntroductionII. Basic Biomedicine -- Speed of application -- Reproductive physiology -- Regulatory mechanisms -- The lungs -- The hormones, insulin and diabetes -- Hormones and ulcers -- Neurophysiology and mental diseases -- Cardiovascular diseases -- Comparative physiology -- Macromolecules and DNA -- The proteins -- Enzymes -- Biosynthesis -- Metabolic events -- Energy -- The molecular basis of disease -- Rational design of drugs -- Application of basic knowledge -- Selected additional reading -- III. Clinical Medicine -- Infectious diseases -- Parasitic diseases -- Community health and epidemiology -- Military research contributions -- Drugs -- Immunology -- Transplantation -- Anesthesiology -- Surgery -- Cardiovascular surgery -- Cardiovascular disease -- Renal disease -- Pulmonary disease -- Hematology -- Endocrinology -- Medical genetics -- Pediatrics -- Obstetrics and gynecology -- Geriatrics -- Nutrition -- Neurology -- Psychiatry -- Ophthalmology -- Otorhinolaryngology -- Radiology -- Nuclear medicine -- Bioengineering -- Automation -- Rehabilitation -- Conclusion -- Selected additional reading -- IV. Dental Science -- Dental decay -- Periodontal disease -- Other clinical considerations -- Delivery of dental services -- Dental materials -- Orthodontics -- Surgical orthodontics -- Maxillofacial prosthesis -- Selected additional reading -- V. Food -- Food from plants -- Harvest to table -- Food from animals -- Animal disease control -- Preserving and distributing food from animals -- Processing and preserving foods -- Conclusion -- Selected additional reading -- VI. Population Biology -- Population potential and carrying capacity -- Populations in ecosystems -- Controlling pest populations -- Selected additional reading -- VII. Environmental Hazards -- Biological hazards to man -- Chemical hazards to man -- Physical hazards to man -- Selected additional reading -- VIII. Marine Sciences -- Feeding man -- Resource assessment -- Behavior studies -- Value of prediction of fishing success -- Preservation of fishery products -- Fish protein concentrate -- Management of renewable resources -- Diseases and parasites -- Man and his environment -- Health and medical research -- Selected additional reading -- IX. Natural Resources -- Man and his resources -- Land: the greatest resource -- Forest and timber resources -- Game management -- Technology in resource management -- Microbes-the unseen resource -- Conversion of waste to resource -- Preserving for the future -- Conservation of man’s abundance -- Selected additional reading.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-1710-4
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  • 86
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    Advances in Information Systems Science : Volume 4 (1972)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461590538
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 330 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Augmentation of Machine Language Level -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Software and Hardware Functions -- 3. Relation between Source and Machine Languages -- 4. Hardware Interpretation of Expressions -- 5. Memory Organization -- 6. Program Information Structure -- 7. Subroutine Calls -- 8. Computers with Built-in Compilers -- 9. Conclusion -- References -- 2 On the Relation between Grammars and Automata -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Phrase-Structure Grammars -- 3. Finite Automata and Right Linear Grammars -- 4. Pushdown Automata and Context-Free Grammars -- 5. Deterministic Pushdown Automata and LR(k) Grammars… -- 6. Linear Bounded Automata and Context-Sensitive Grammars. . -- 7. Turing Machines and Phrase-Structure Grammars -- References -- 3 An Introduction to Information Structures and Paging Considerations for On-Line Text Editing Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basic Considerations for a Text Editor’s Information Structure -- 3. Fixed-Length Context Editors -- 4. Variable-Length-Line and “Superline” Editors -- 5. Statement-Oriented Editors -- 6. String-Oriented Editors -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- 4 An Introduction to the Structure of Time-Shared Computers -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Computer Hardware -- 3. The Operating System Structure -- 4. The PDP-10 Time-Sharing System Structure -- 5. The Economics of Time-Sharing -- 6. Concluding Remarks -- References -- 5 Error-Correcting Codes in Computer Arithmetic -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The General Theory of AN-Codes -- 3. Cyclic AN-Codes -- 4. Multiresidue Codes -- 5. Further Comments on Arithmetic Codes -- 6. Implementation of Arithmetic Codes -- 7. Conclusions -- References.
    Abstract: Information systems science is advancing in various directions with rapid strides. Many diversified ideas and methodologies have been revised and extended. Numerous new techniques and approaches have been con­ ceived and developed. Some recent advances are covered in this series. The fourth volume of this series provides in-depth discussions of some newly developed theories and techniques concerning computer language-level augmentation, time-sharing systems, text editing systems, grammars and automata, and error correcting codes in computer arithmetic. In Chapter 1, V. K. Smirnov presents an authoritative review of the augmentation of machine language level. He discusses the effects of ex­ tension of computer functions upon machine language and the influence of development of software systems upon the augmentation of computer language level. Some specific ways of augmenting the machine language level are examined. The problem of information organization, storage, search, and retrieval in a computer is studied. The introduction of higher-level languages has stimulated widespread applications of computers. Formal language theory has been recognized as a topic offundamental importance in the study of information systems science. In Chapter 2, M. A. Harrison examines the phrase-structure grammars, the right linear grammars, the context-free grammars, the LR(k) grammars, and the context-sensitive grammars. The author discusses the relations between mathematical models of computers and a family of formal lan­ guages. The language theory may stimulate new ideas for the augmentation of machine language level.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Augmentation of Machine Language Level1. Introduction -- 2. Software and Hardware Functions -- 3. Relation between Source and Machine Languages -- 4. Hardware Interpretation of Expressions -- 5. Memory Organization -- 6. Program Information Structure -- 7. Subroutine Calls -- 8. Computers with Built-in Compilers -- 9. Conclusion -- References -- 2 On the Relation between Grammars and Automata -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Phrase-Structure Grammars -- 3. Finite Automata and Right Linear Grammars -- 4. Pushdown Automata and Context-Free Grammars -- 5. Deterministic Pushdown Automata and LR(k) Grammars… -- 6. Linear Bounded Automata and Context-Sensitive Grammars. . -- 7. Turing Machines and Phrase-Structure Grammars -- References -- 3 An Introduction to Information Structures and Paging Considerations for On-Line Text Editing Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basic Considerations for a Text Editor’s Information Structure -- 3. Fixed-Length Context Editors -- 4. Variable-Length-Line and “Superline” Editors -- 5. Statement-Oriented Editors -- 6. String-Oriented Editors -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- 4 An Introduction to the Structure of Time-Shared Computers -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Computer Hardware -- 3. The Operating System Structure -- 4. The PDP-10 Time-Sharing System Structure -- 5. The Economics of Time-Sharing -- 6. Concluding Remarks -- References -- 5 Error-Correcting Codes in Computer Arithmetic -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The General Theory of AN-Codes -- 3. Cyclic AN-Codes -- 4. Multiresidue Codes -- 5. Further Comments on Arithmetic Codes -- 6. Implementation of Arithmetic Codes -- 7. Conclusions -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9053-8
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  • 87
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    Biology, History, and Natural Philosophy : Based on the Second International Colloquium held at the University of Denver (1972)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468419658
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. The Autonomy of Biology as a Natural Science -- II. The Model of Open Systems: Beyond Molecular Biology -- III. Electronic Mobility in Biological Processes -- IV. The Evolution and Organization of Sentient Biological Behavior Systems -- V. The Evolutionary Significance of Biological Templates -- VI. Evolutionary Modulation of Ribosomal RNA Synthesis in Oogenesis and Early Embryonic Development -- VII. Respiration as Interface Between Self and Non-Self: Historico-Biological Perspectives -- VIII. Measurement Theory and Biology -- IX. The Transition from Theoretical Physics into Theoretical Biology -- X. Scientific Enterprises from a Biological Point of View -- XI. Historical Observations Concerning the Relationship Between Biology and Mathematics -- XII. A Survey of the Mechanical Interpretations of Life from Greek Atomists to the Followers of Descartes -- XIII. The Place of Normative Ethics within a Biological Framework -- XIV. The Evolutionary Thought of Teilhard de Chardin -- XV. The Use of Biological Concepts in the Writing of History -- XVI. What is a Historical System? -- XVII. On a Difference Between the Natural Sciences and History -- XVIII. Historical Taxonomy -- XIX. Theories of the Universe in the Late Eighteenth Century -- XX. Must a Machine Be an Automaton? -- XXI. Epistemology, the Mind and the Computer -- XXII. Marginal Notes on Schrödinger.
    Abstract: In a world that peers over the brink of disaster more often than not it is difficul t to find specific assignments for the scholarly community. One speaks of peace and brotherhood only to realize that for many the only real hope of making a contribution may seem to be in a field of scientific specialization seemingly irrelevant to social causes and problems. Yet the history of man since the beginnings of science in the days of the Greeks does not support this gloomy thesis. Time and again we have seen science precipitate social trends or changes in the humanistic beliefs that have a significant effect on. the scientific community. Not infrequently the theoretical scientist, triggered by society's changing goals and understandings, finds ultimate satisfaction in the work of his colleagues in engineering and the other applied fields. Thus the major debate in mid-nineteenth century in which the evidence of natural history and geology at variance with the Biblical feats provided not only courage to a timid Darwin but the kind of audience that was needed to fit his theories into the broad public dialogue on these topics. The impact of "Darwinism" was felt far beyond the scientific community. It affected social thought, upset religious certainties and greatly affected the teaching of science.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. The Autonomy of Biology as a Natural ScienceII. The Model of Open Systems: Beyond Molecular Biology -- III. Electronic Mobility in Biological Processes -- IV. The Evolution and Organization of Sentient Biological Behavior Systems -- V. The Evolutionary Significance of Biological Templates -- VI. Evolutionary Modulation of Ribosomal RNA Synthesis in Oogenesis and Early Embryonic Development -- VII. Respiration as Interface Between Self and Non-Self: Historico-Biological Perspectives -- VIII. Measurement Theory and Biology -- IX. The Transition from Theoretical Physics into Theoretical Biology -- X. Scientific Enterprises from a Biological Point of View -- XI. Historical Observations Concerning the Relationship Between Biology and Mathematics -- XII. A Survey of the Mechanical Interpretations of Life from Greek Atomists to the Followers of Descartes -- XIII. The Place of Normative Ethics within a Biological Framework -- XIV. The Evolutionary Thought of Teilhard de Chardin -- XV. The Use of Biological Concepts in the Writing of History -- XVI. What is a Historical System? -- XVII. On a Difference Between the Natural Sciences and History -- XVIII. Historical Taxonomy -- XIX. Theories of the Universe in the Late Eighteenth Century -- XX. Must a Machine Be an Automaton? -- XXI. Epistemology, the Mind and the Computer -- XXII. Marginal Notes on Schrödinger.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-1965-8
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  • 88
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    Fundamentals of Cybernetics (1972)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468417043
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. Movement -- 3. Models -- 4. Dynamic Systems -- 5. Signals -- 6. Control -- 7. Automatic Control -- 8. Optimal Control -- 9. Automata -- 10. The Computer -- 11. Adaptation -- 12. Games -- 13. Learning -- 14. Large Systems -- 15. Operational Control -- 16. The Brain -- 17. Organised Systems -- 18. Man and Machine -- 19. Outline of Future Prospects.
    Abstract: The development of science consists not only of deepening and widening the already established scientific disciplines but also depends on the emergence of new ones. The emergence and development of new sciences is influenced primarily by two factors: isolation and generalisation. Isolation of scientific disciplines is due to the discovery of new objects of investigation and the emergence of specific scientific trends. This leads to the study of a relatively narrow class of objects which are characterised by their specific approach to both the formulation and the solution of problems. Examples of this type of specific scientific diSciplines include, for instance, chemistry of high molecular compounds and the theory of electrical machines, which are both devoted to the study of a relatively narrow field. In addition there are the more general scientific disciplines, whose characteristics are that they are created for the purpose of studying such natural phenomena as occur in a very wide class of objects. Disciplines of this type are, for instance, the theory of dimensions and the theory of similarity, the theory of dynamic systems and thermodynamics. The very general, as opposed to the very specific, sciences tend by their nature to be more theoretical and depend much more on the language, mathematical or otherwise, used to describe them.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction2. Movement -- 3. Models -- 4. Dynamic Systems -- 5. Signals -- 6. Control -- 7. Automatic Control -- 8. Optimal Control -- 9. Automata -- 10. The Computer -- 11. Adaptation -- 12. Games -- 13. Learning -- 14. Large Systems -- 15. Operational Control -- 16. The Brain -- 17. Organised Systems -- 18. Man and Machine -- 19. Outline of Future Prospects.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-1704-3
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  • 89
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    Introduction to Atomic and Nuclear Physics (1972)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461597018
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 717 p) , online resource
    Edition: Fifth Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: One Foundations of Atomic and Nuclear Physics1 Atoms, Ions, and Electrons -- 2 The Special Theory of Relativity -- 3 The Nuclear Atom -- 4 Some Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation -- 5 X-Rays -- 6 Waves and Particles 153 6-1 De Brogue’s Hypothesis -- 7 Elements of Quantum Mechanics -- Two The Extranuclear Structure of the Atom -- 8 The Hydrogen Atom -- 9 Optical Spectra and Electronic Structure -- 10 X-Ray Spectra -- 11 Selected Applications of Quantum Physics -- Three Nuclear Physics -- 12 Particle Accelerators -- 13 Beam Transport and Detecting Devices -- 14 Radioactivity -- 15 Nuclear Reactions -- 16 Fission and Fusion of Nuclei -- 17 Nuclear Processes -- 18 Fundamental Particles -- Appendixes -- I Physical Constants and Conversion Factors The Greek Alphabet -- II Atomic Weights of the Elements -- III Periodic Table of the Elements -- IV Table of Nuclear Properties 655 V-1 Review of Vector Notation -- V-2 Displacement Equation for Brownian Motion -- V-3 Path of an Alpha Particle in a Coulomb Field of Force -- V-4 Derivation of the Equations for the Compton Effect -- V-6 Quantum Mechanrcal Solution of the Harmonic Oscillator -- V-8 Derivation of the Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein Distributions -- V-9 Probability Density Functions -- Answers to Selected Problems.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9701-8
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  • 90
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    An Introduction to Computer Simulation in Applied Science (1972)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468419740
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Computer simulation. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Rationale for Computer Simulation in Materials Science -- I. Introduction -- II. Patterns of Science -- III. The Student and His Research -- IV. Examples of Systems Events in the Crystallization Area -- 2. Lectures on Large-Scale Finite Difference Computation of Incompressible Fluid Flows -- I. The Differential Equations -- II. Stability Analysis of the Difference Equations -- III. Applications of the Numerical Program for Incompressible Flow -- IV. Description of the Numerical Program for Incompressible Flow -- Appendix: Computer Listings of the Hydrodynamic Programs -- 3. Computer Simulation of Diffusion Problems Using the Continuous System Modeling Program Language -- I. Introduction -- II. System/360 Continuous System Modeling Program (S/360 CSMP) -- III. Heat Transfer in an Insulated Bar -- IV. The Freezing of a Liquid -- 4. Computer Simulation of Vapor Deposition on Two-Dimensional Lattices -- I. Basic Concepts of Physical Processes -- II. The Computer Simulation Model -- III. Random Numbers and Simulation Strategy -- IV. Real and Simulated Time -- V. The VDS Programs -- VI. The Computer Simulation Results -- References -- Appendix: Fortran Code -- 5. Introduction to Computational Theoretical Chemistry -- I. Basic Concepts of Computational Theoretical Chemistry -- II. The Nature of the Problem -- III. Real Molecular Systems -- IV. The Calculation of Quantum-Mechanical Two-Electron Multi-center Integrals via Transformation Theory -- V. Computational Results -- References -- Appendix: Fortran Code -- 6. Numerical Simulation of Weather -- I. Physical Phenomena -- II. Numerical Methods -- III. Computer Requirements -- References.
    Abstract: This set of lectures is the outgrowth of a new course in the Department of Materials Science at Stanford University. It was taught collectively by the authors of the various sections and represents an attempt to increase the awareness of students in the materials area of computer simulation techniques and potentialities. The topics often ranged far afield from the materials area; however, the total package served the intended purpose of being an initiation into the world of computer simulation and, as such, made a useful first iteration to the intended purpose. The second iteration, which is in process, deals exclusively with the materials area. The course was designed to teach students a new way to wrestle with "systems" problems in the materials science work area that require the synthesis and interactions of several disciplines of knowledge. This course was a response to the realization that effective handling of real problems, which are essentially systems problems, is one of the most important at­ tributes of a graduate materials scientist. About a third of the course was devoted to the student's selected problem, in the materials area, which he simulated using the digital computer.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Rationale for Computer Simulation in Materials ScienceI. Introduction -- II. Patterns of Science -- III. The Student and His Research -- IV. Examples of Systems Events in the Crystallization Area -- 2. Lectures on Large-Scale Finite Difference Computation of Incompressible Fluid Flows -- I. The Differential Equations -- II. Stability Analysis of the Difference Equations -- III. Applications of the Numerical Program for Incompressible Flow -- IV. Description of the Numerical Program for Incompressible Flow -- Appendix: Computer Listings of the Hydrodynamic Programs -- 3. Computer Simulation of Diffusion Problems Using the Continuous System Modeling Program Language -- I. Introduction -- II. System/360 Continuous System Modeling Program (S/360 CSMP) -- III. Heat Transfer in an Insulated Bar -- IV. The Freezing of a Liquid -- 4. Computer Simulation of Vapor Deposition on Two-Dimensional Lattices -- I. Basic Concepts of Physical Processes -- II. The Computer Simulation Model -- III. Random Numbers and Simulation Strategy -- IV. Real and Simulated Time -- V. The VDS Programs -- VI. The Computer Simulation Results -- References -- Appendix: Fortran Code -- 5. Introduction to Computational Theoretical Chemistry -- I. Basic Concepts of Computational Theoretical Chemistry -- II. The Nature of the Problem -- III. Real Molecular Systems -- IV. The Calculation of Quantum-Mechanical Two-Electron Multi-center Integrals via Transformation Theory -- V. Computational Results -- References -- Appendix: Fortran Code -- 6. Numerical Simulation of Weather -- I. Physical Phenomena -- II. Numerical Methods -- III. Computer Requirements -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-1974-0
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  • 91
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    Vacuum Microbalance Techniques : Volume 8 Proceedings of the Wakefield Conference, June 12-13, 1969 (1971)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781475701333
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Interpretation of Vacuum Microbalance Data during the High-Temperature Oxidation of Materials (Invited) -- The Simultaneous Use of Mass Spectrometer and Micro- balance Techniques for the Carbon — Oxygen System -- A System for the Determination of Oxidation — Reduction Kinetics in Nonstoichiometric Metal Oxides -- An Automated Bakeable Quartz Fiber Vacuum Ultramicrobalance -- Adsorption Studies with a Bakeable Quartz Automatic Recording Ultramicrobalance -- The Effect of Thermal Gas Motion on Microbalance Measurements (Invited) -- Gravimetric Adsorption Studies of Hydrogen on Granular Metal Surfaces Using a Vacuum Microbalance -- Gravimetric Measurement of the Molecular Area of Some Adsorbed Gases -- Vapor Adsorption Studies on Low-Energy Solids -- Momentum Artifacts in the Gravimetric Measurement of Fast Desorption -- On the Development of Electromagnetic Balances in Recent Years -- Pressure of Light Used as Restoring Force on a Microbalance -- Vacuum Microbalance Apparatus for Rapid Determination of Low-Temperature Vaporization Rates -- Wireless Temperature Measurement of a Sample in Vacuum -- Applications of the Quartz Crystal Resonator (Invited) -- Thermal Degradation of Piperazine Copolyamides -- A Thermal Analysis System for Radioactive Materials -- Thermal Degradation of an Anhydride-Cured Epoxy Resin by Laser Heating -- Author Index.
    Abstract: This volume contains the proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Vacuum Microbalance Techniques held at Wakefield, Massachusetts on June 12 and 13, 1969. The tenth anniversary of the first confer­ ence will be registered as this volume passes through the typeset­ ting and proofreading stages. The eight volumes that have spawned from this continuing series of conferences now contain a total of 125 papers. Thus, these volumes serve as a major repository of the world's literature on vacuum microbalance techniques. The Ninth and Tenth Conferences will be held in West Germany in June 1970 and in Texas in 1971. Each of the eight meetings has served as a forum where new developments in this rapidly advancing field can be presented and discussed constructively within a conference atmosphere of cordial informality. The interaction of the participants at the conferences has led to the first treatise on ultra mlcrogravtmetry;' edited by S. P. Wolsky and E. J. Zdanuk, with most of the fourteen chapters written by steady contributors to the volumes on Vacuum Micro­ balance Techniques. The number of research investigations and published works in which a vacuum microbalance is utilized con­ tinues to expandr apldly. f This is a direct result of several types of automatic recording balances that are now available commercial­ ly. 3 The Eighth Conference was held to bring together again re­ search scientists and engineers who exploit the measurement of mass as a means of studying physical and chemical phenomena.
    Description / Table of Contents: Interpretation of Vacuum Microbalance Data during the High-Temperature Oxidation of Materials (Invited)The Simultaneous Use of Mass Spectrometer and Micro- balance Techniques for the Carbon - Oxygen System -- A System for the Determination of Oxidation - Reduction Kinetics in Nonstoichiometric Metal Oxides -- An Automated Bakeable Quartz Fiber Vacuum Ultramicrobalance -- Adsorption Studies with a Bakeable Quartz Automatic Recording Ultramicrobalance -- The Effect of Thermal Gas Motion on Microbalance Measurements (Invited) -- Gravimetric Adsorption Studies of Hydrogen on Granular Metal Surfaces Using a Vacuum Microbalance -- Gravimetric Measurement of the Molecular Area of Some Adsorbed Gases -- Vapor Adsorption Studies on Low-Energy Solids -- Momentum Artifacts in the Gravimetric Measurement of Fast Desorption -- On the Development of Electromagnetic Balances in Recent Years -- Pressure of Light Used as Restoring Force on a Microbalance -- Vacuum Microbalance Apparatus for Rapid Determination of Low-Temperature Vaporization Rates -- Wireless Temperature Measurement of a Sample in Vacuum -- Applications of the Quartz Crystal Resonator (Invited) -- Thermal Degradation of Piperazine Copolyamides -- A Thermal Analysis System for Radioactive Materials -- Thermal Degradation of an Anhydride-Cured Epoxy Resin by Laser Heating -- Author Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-0133-3
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  • 92
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    Optical Absorption and Dispersion in Solids (1971)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461333210
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 138 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Macroscopic Theory -- 1.1 Electromagnetic field in a solid -- 1.2 Dielectric constant and optical conductivity -- 1.3 Crystal symmetry -- 1.4 Propagation of waves -- 1.5 Kramers-Krönig relations -- 1.6 The sum rule -- 1.7 Dispersion theory of classical oscillators -- 2. Crystal Lattice Absorption -- 2.1 Vibrational modes of a crystal lattice -- 2.2 Photon-phonon interaction -- 2.3 Microscopic theory of infra-red dispersion -- 2.4 Two-phonon absorption -- 3. Interband Transitions -- 3.1 Electron energy bands -- 3.2 Direct transitions -- 3.3 Critical points -- 3.4 Absorption band edges -- 3.5 Indirect transitions -- 3.6 Infra-red absorption in superconductors -- 4. Free Carrier Absorption -- 4.1 Classical theory -- 4.2 Intraband transitions -- 4.3 Electron transport -- 4.4 Surface admittance -- 4.5 Infra-red absorption in metals -- 4.6 Free carrier absorption in semiconductors -- 5. Plasma Effects -- 5.1 Free electron model -- 5.2 Volume plasmons -- 5.3 Surface plasmons -- 6. Exciton Effects -- 6.1 Electron-hole interaction -- 6.2 Optical absorption -- 6.3 Inert-atom solids and alkali halides -- 6.4 Semiconductors -- 6.5 Spatial dispersion -- 7. Non-Linear Optics -- 7.1 Classification of non-linear effects -- 7.2 Non-linear susceptibilities -- 7.3 Second harmonic generation -- 7.4 Parametric amplification and oscillation -- 7.5 Third order effects -- References.
    Abstract: The electromagnetic theory of Maxwell and the electron theory of Lorentz and Drude stimulated a great deal of experimental work on the optical properties of solids in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The time was not then ripe, however, for general progress in this field. The experimental techniques were not available to produce suitable specimens for optical measurements with well­ defined structure and purity. On the theoretical side, the classical electron theory provided only a very incomplete account of the interaction of light waves with matter. The centre of interest in optical research moved to atomic and molecular spectroscopy where quantitative results were easier to obtain. The quantum theory, starting with Bohr's theory of 1913, provided a highly successful basis for the interpretation of the optical spectra of atoms and molecules. The present-day theory of the optical properties of solids is based on the quantum theory of electrons in solids, developed from the early researches of Sommerfeld and Bloch, and the theory of lattice vibrations originating in the research by Born. The formal con­ nection between optical absorption and electron wave functions in solids has been well known since the 1930s but it is only recently that electron energy band calculations have achieved sufficient accuracy to make profitable a comparison of experimental and theoretical results. Without some guidance from a theoretical band structure calculation, it would be difficult to make any progress with the in­ terpretation of an optical absorption spectrum.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-3321-0
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  • 93
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    Applications of Holography : Proceedings of the United States-Japan Seminar on Information Processing by Holography, held in Washington, D. C., October 13-18, 1969 (1971)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468419054
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Two Challenges to Holography: 1. Holographic Electron Microscopy; 2. Speckle-Free Illumination -- The Holographic Emulsion Layer as a Three-Dimensional Recording Medium -- 3-D Construction of Imaginary Objects by the Method of Holographic Stereogram -- Optical Aperture Synthesis Producing High Resolution Photographs by Incoherent Superposition of Low-Resolution Partial-Frequency Range Component Photographs -- Imaging with Low-Redundancy Arrays -- Correction of Lens Aberration by Holography -- Optical Transfer Function Measurement by Holographic Techniques -- Applications of Classical Theory of Interferometry to Holography -- Holography Using an Extended Spatially Incoherent Source -- Application of Holographic Interferometry to Mechanical Experiments -- Experimental Aspects of Holographic Interferometry -- Pulsed Laser Holography with TEMoo Mode Ruby Lasers -- Application of Non-Linear Hologram to Interferometry -- Digital Picture Processing and Holography -- Computer Synthesis of Holograms and Spatial Filters -- Pattern Classification Using Correlation with Random Masks — an Optical PAPA Device -- Correlation Techniques by Holography and Its Application to Fingerprint Identification -- Optical Image Deblurring Methods -- Real Time Image Processing -- Radar and Microwave Applications of Holography -- Acoustical Holography -- Proposed Applications of Holographic Technique to the Optics of the Eye and Vision Research -- A High Capacity Holographic Storage System -- Author Index.
    Abstract: Holography has matured over the years since it was first invented by Dennis Gabor and further developed by many workers during the last decade. With some applications a commercial reality and many more continually appearing, it is now possible to compile a volume devoted to the applications of holography. This book consists primarily of papers presented at the second U.S. Japan Seminar on holography, held in Washington, D.C., from October 20-27, 1969, under the auspices of the National Academy of Sciences, National Science Foundation, and the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science. In addition to most of the papers presented at the seminar, several others are included because they cover important applications which are appropriate to this volume. Attendance at the seminar was limited to ten delegates from each country; these delegates being chosen so as to permit the seminar to include as wide a range of subjects as possible, with each delegate being recognized as an authority in his particular field of holography. In addition, Dr. Gilbert Devey (Program 'Director for Engineering Systems for the National Science Foundation, and the one most responsible for making the seminar possible), Professor Wolf F.
    Description / Table of Contents: Two Challenges to Holography: 1. Holographic Electron Microscopy; 2. Speckle-Free IlluminationThe Holographic Emulsion Layer as a Three-Dimensional Recording Medium -- 3-D Construction of Imaginary Objects by the Method of Holographic Stereogram -- Optical Aperture Synthesis Producing High Resolution Photographs by Incoherent Superposition of Low-Resolution Partial-Frequency Range Component Photographs -- Imaging with Low-Redundancy Arrays -- Correction of Lens Aberration by Holography -- Optical Transfer Function Measurement by Holographic Techniques -- Applications of Classical Theory of Interferometry to Holography -- Holography Using an Extended Spatially Incoherent Source -- Application of Holographic Interferometry to Mechanical Experiments -- Experimental Aspects of Holographic Interferometry -- Pulsed Laser Holography with TEMoo Mode Ruby Lasers -- Application of Non-Linear Hologram to Interferometry -- Digital Picture Processing and Holography -- Computer Synthesis of Holograms and Spatial Filters -- Pattern Classification Using Correlation with Random Masks - an Optical PAPA Device -- Correlation Techniques by Holography and Its Application to Fingerprint Identification -- Optical Image Deblurring Methods -- Real Time Image Processing -- Radar and Microwave Applications of Holography -- Acoustical Holography -- Proposed Applications of Holographic Technique to the Optics of the Eye and Vision Research -- A High Capacity Holographic Storage System -- Author Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-1905-4
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  • 94
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    Water in Biological Systems : Volume 2 (1971)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781475769555
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 115 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Concentration Fluctuations and Their Influence on Sound Absorption -- Spectrum of Aqueous Urea Solutions in the Near-Infrared Region -- Influence of the Effective (Local) Light-Wave Field on the Infrared Absorption Spectrum of Liquid Water in the Vicinity of the Valence-Vibration Band -- Raman Spectra of Water, Saturated Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions, and Ice Crystals -- The Germanium-Water Interface -- State of Water in Certain Perchlorate Crystal Hydrates Formed by Elements of Periodic Group II -- Investigation of Aqueous Nonelectrolyte Solutions by the Spin Echo Method -- Temperature-Related Changes in the Infrared Absorption Spectrum of Water in the Cerebral and Muscle Tissues of the Frog -- A Mass-Spectrometric Study of Disturbances of Water Exchange Through the Pulmonary Barrier in Animals -- Possible Role of Water in Neuromuscular Excitation -- The Two-Structure Model and the Heat Capacity of Water -- Study of the Structural Characteristics of Water from the Infrared Absorption Spectra of Aqueous Acetonitrile Solutions -- Concentration-Related Changes in the Spectral Characteristics of the Libration Band of Liquid Water in Acetonitrile and Acetone Solutions -- Investigation of Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions by the Deflected Total Internal Reflection (DTIR) Method -- Concentration Fluctuations and Light Scattering in Aqueous Solutions of Propyl Alcohols -- Interpretation of the Spectrum of Ice and Water in the Valence- and Deformation-Vibration Regions -- Chemical Proton Shifts in H2O–D2O Solutions -- Self-Diffusion in Aqueous Solutions of Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins -- Use of Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy to Investigate the Influence on Water Structure of a Number of Compounds with a Protective Action during Freezing of Human Erythrocytes -- Accessibility of Water in Muscle Fibers to Molecules of Different Sizes -- Calculation of Binary Distribution Functions and Thermodynamic Characteristics of Aqueous Solutions of Strong Electrolytes by the Monte Carlo Method.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-6955-5
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  • 95
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    Current Problems in Fertility : Based on the IFA Symposium held in Stockholm, Sweden, April 2-4, 1970. Sponsored by Åhlen-stiftelsen, Sven och Dagmar Saléns stiftelse, and Roland Lundborg, M.D (1971)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461586517
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Insemination in Human and Veterinary Medicine -- Culture of Human Male Germ Cells in Vitro -- Preservation of Human Sperm by Liquid Nitrogen Vapor Freezing -- Motility and Morphology of Human Sperms after Freezing in Liquid Nitrogen -- Some Problems Involved in Freezing and Insemination With Human Sperm -- Oxygen Consumption of Human Spermatozoa and Seminal Plasma -- Extracellular Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase as a Measure on Membrane Injury in Spermatozoa During Treatment -- The Effect of Tubal Sperm Concentration on the Rate of Development of Swine Ova and Blastocysts -- The Practical Use of DF-Semen on Cattle in Sweden -- A Male Sexual Cycle -- Transplantation in Gynecology -- Transplantation of Gynecological Organs: Ethical Problems -- Medical Aspects on Transplantations in Gynecology -- Immunodepression: I. Principles -- Immunodepression: II. Radiologic and Pharmacologic Treatment -- Immunosuppressive Regimes Directed at the Lymphocyte -- Transplantation of Ovaries -- Significance of Transplantation of the Uterus and the Fallopian Tubes -- Anastomosis of Small Vessels -- Autotransplantation of the Uterine Horns and Ovaries in Female Rabbits -- Homotransplantation of the Uterine Horns in Female Rabbits -- The Use of Blastocysts in Human and Veterinary Medicine -- Discussion on the Use of Blastocysts in Human and Veterinary Medicine -- How Distant is the Clinical Use of Human Blastocysts? -- Laparoscopic Recovery of Pre-Ovulatory Human Oocytes After Priming of the Ovaries with Gonadotrophins -- Scanning Electron Microscopy of Mouse Blastocysts Before and at Implantation -- Recent Advances in Contraception -- Long Acting Polydimethylsiloxane Implants for Contraception -- Sustained Release Hormonal Preparations -- Experience with Norgestrel in Continuous Microdosage -- Influence of Low Doses of Gestagens on Some Pituitary-Ovarian Functions -- On the Way to a More Physiological Hormonal Contraception -- The Pill: On Chromosomes -- Amenorrhea Following Oral Contraceptives -- The Influence of Oral Contraceptives on Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism -- Thromboembolism and Oral Contraceptives -- Possible Mechanism of the Anti-Fertility Effect of Copper -- Intra-Uterine Devices, Side-Effects -- Sterility I. Experimental -- Glycogen in Spermatidic Arrest -- Dihydrotestosterone (5 ?-Androstan-17-?-o1-3 one) in the Epididymis of Rats -- FSH-Releasing Activity of Clomiphenecitrat -- Sterility II. Clinical -- Estimation of Thiocyanate Level in Uterus. Preliminary Report -- Lymphocyte Transformation in Wife-Husband Mixed Leucocyte Cultures in Normal and Pathological Pregnancies -- Utero-Abdominal Reflux and Female Sterility. A Clinical Study -- The Experimental Artificial Oviduct -- The Effects of Mesterolone on Patients with Impaired Spermatogenesis and Sexual Disorders -- An Electromyographic Study of the External Urethal Sphincter During Ejaculation on Patients with Ejaculation Trouble Subsequent to Colectomy and Rectum Extirpation due to Colitis Ulcerosa and Crohn’s Disease.
    Description / Table of Contents: Insemination in Human and Veterinary MedicineCulture of Human Male Germ Cells in Vitro -- Preservation of Human Sperm by Liquid Nitrogen Vapor Freezing -- Motility and Morphology of Human Sperms after Freezing in Liquid Nitrogen -- Some Problems Involved in Freezing and Insemination With Human Sperm -- Oxygen Consumption of Human Spermatozoa and Seminal Plasma -- Extracellular Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase as a Measure on Membrane Injury in Spermatozoa During Treatment -- The Effect of Tubal Sperm Concentration on the Rate of Development of Swine Ova and Blastocysts -- The Practical Use of DF-Semen on Cattle in Sweden -- A Male Sexual Cycle -- Transplantation in Gynecology -- Transplantation of Gynecological Organs: Ethical Problems -- Medical Aspects on Transplantations in Gynecology -- Immunodepression: I. Principles -- Immunodepression: II. Radiologic and Pharmacologic Treatment -- Immunosuppressive Regimes Directed at the Lymphocyte -- Transplantation of Ovaries -- Significance of Transplantation of the Uterus and the Fallopian Tubes -- Anastomosis of Small Vessels -- Autotransplantation of the Uterine Horns and Ovaries in Female Rabbits -- Homotransplantation of the Uterine Horns in Female Rabbits -- The Use of Blastocysts in Human and Veterinary Medicine -- Discussion on the Use of Blastocysts in Human and Veterinary Medicine -- How Distant is the Clinical Use of Human Blastocysts? -- Laparoscopic Recovery of Pre-Ovulatory Human Oocytes After Priming of the Ovaries with Gonadotrophins -- Scanning Electron Microscopy of Mouse Blastocysts Before and at Implantation -- Recent Advances in Contraception -- Long Acting Polydimethylsiloxane Implants for Contraception -- Sustained Release Hormonal Preparations -- Experience with Norgestrel in Continuous Microdosage -- Influence of Low Doses of Gestagens on Some Pituitary-Ovarian Functions -- On the Way to a More Physiological Hormonal Contraception -- The Pill: On Chromosomes -- Amenorrhea Following Oral Contraceptives -- The Influence of Oral Contraceptives on Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism -- Thromboembolism and Oral Contraceptives -- Possible Mechanism of the Anti-Fertility Effect of Copper -- Intra-Uterine Devices, Side-Effects -- Sterility I. Experimental -- Glycogen in Spermatidic Arrest -- Dihydrotestosterone (5 ?-Androstan-17-?-o1-3 one) in the Epididymis of Rats -- FSH-Releasing Activity of Clomiphenecitrat -- Sterility II. Clinical -- Estimation of Thiocyanate Level in Uterus. Preliminary Report -- Lymphocyte Transformation in Wife-Husband Mixed Leucocyte Cultures in Normal and Pathological Pregnancies -- Utero-Abdominal Reflux and Female Sterility. A Clinical Study -- The Experimental Artificial Oviduct -- The Effects of Mesterolone on Patients with Impaired Spermatogenesis and Sexual Disorders -- An Electromyographic Study of the External Urethal Sphincter During Ejaculation on Patients with Ejaculation Trouble Subsequent to Colectomy and Rectum Extirpation due to Colitis Ulcerosa and Crohn’s Disease.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-8651-7
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  • 96
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    Palaeozoic Fishes (1971)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468464658
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 1.1. Conspectus, 1; 1.2. Evolution of jaws, 2; 1.3. Fossil record, 4; 1.4. Environment, 6; 1.5. Classification, 7; References, 8; Bibliography, 9. -- 2 Class Cephalaspidomorphi -- 2.1. Classification, 10; 2.2. Cephalaspidomorph characteristics, 11; 2.3. Infraclass 1, Osteostraci, 12; 2.3.1. Structure, 13; 2.3.2. Growth and life history, 19; 2.3.3. Diversity and tendencies in evolution, 20; 2.4. Infraclass 2, Anaspida, 23; 2.4.1 Structure, 24; 2.4.2. Growth, 26; 2.4.3. Diversity, 27; 2.5. Infraclass 3, Petromyzonida, 27; 2.5.1. Structure, 27; 2.6. Incertae sedis Palaeospondylus, 28; 2.7. Mode of life, 29; References, 31. -- 3 Class Pteraspidomorphi -- 3.1. Classification, 35; 3.2. Pteraspidomorph characteristics, 36; 3.3. Subclass 1, Heterostraci, 36; 3.3.1. Structure, 36; 3.3.2. Growth and the evolution of the shield, 41; 3.3.3. Diversity and interrelationships, 45; 3.3.4. Mode of life, 49; 3.4. Incertae sedis Polybranchiaspis, 52; 3.5. Subclass 2, Thelodonti, 53; 3.5.1. Structure, 53; 3.5.2. Diversity and affinities, 55; 3.6. Relationships of agnathans, 56; References, 57. -- 4 Subclass Acanthodii -- 4.1. Classification, 61; 4.2. Acanthodian characteristics, 61; 4.2.1. Structure, 63; 4.2.2. Diversity and tendencies in evolution, 71; 4.2.3. Mode of life, 75; References, 76. -- 5 Subclass Osteichthyes. Infraclass Actinopterygii -- 5.1. Classification, 79; 5.2. Osteichthyan characteristics, 80; 5.3. Infraclass Actinopterygii, 81; 5.4. Superorder 1, Chondrostei, 86; 5.5. Order 1, Palaeoniscida, 86; 5.5.1. Structure, 87; 5.5.2. Suborder 1, Palaeoniscoidei, 91; 5.5.3. Suborder 2, Platysomidei, 94; 5.6. Order 2, Haplolepidida, 97; 5.7. Order 3, Tarrasiida, 97; 5.8. Order 4, Phanerorhynchida, 98; 5.9. Order 5, Dorypterida, 99; 5.10. Superorder 2, Holostei, 99; 5.11. Order 1, Semionotida, 100; 5.12. Tendencies in evolution, 102; References, 105. -- 6 Subclass Osteichthyes. Infraclass Crossopterygii -- 6.1. Classification, 110; 6.2. Crossopterygian characteristics, 111; 6.3. Superorder 1, Rhipidistia, 113; 6.3.1. Structure, 114;6.3.2. Order 1, Holoptychiida, 122; 6.3.3. Order 2, Osteolepidida, 125; 6.3.4. Order 3, Rhizodontida, 126; 6.3.5. Tendencies in evolution, 127; 6.4. Superorder 2, Actinistia, 127; 6.4.1. Structure, 127; 6.4.2. Diversity, 131; 6.5. Incertae sedis Onychodontidae, 131; 6.6. Mode of life, 134; References, 136. -- 7 Subclass Osteichthyes. Infraclass Dipnoi -- 7.1. Classification, 141; 7.2. Dipnoan characteristics, 141; 7.3. Structure and diversity, 144; 7.3.1. Structure, 144; 7.3.2. Diversity, 149; 7.4. Evolution and mode of life, 153; 7.5. Growth of cosmoid scales and bones, 154; 7.6. R elationships of teleostomes, 155; References, 158. -- 8 Subclass Placodermi -- 8.1. Classification, 161; 8.2. Placoderm characteristics, 162; 8.3. Order 1, Arthrodira, 163; 8.3.1. Structure, 164; 8.3.2. Diversity and tendencies in evolution, 170; 8.4. Order 2, Ptyctodontida, 178; 8.5. Order 3, Phyllolepidida, 180; 8.6. Order 4, Petalichthyida, 181; 8.7. Order 5, Rhenanida, 185; 8.7.1. Suborder 1, Palaeacanthaspidoidei, 185; 8.7.2. Suborder 2, Gemuendinoidei, 188; 8.8. Order 6, Antiarchi, 191; 8.9. Incertae sedis Stensioellidae, 195; 8.10 Evolution and mode of life, 197; References, 200. -- 9 Subclass Chondrichthyes. Infraclass Elasmobranchii -- 9.1. Classification, 206; 9.2. Chondrichthyan characteristics, 206; 9.3. Infraclass Elasmobranchii, 209; 9.4. Order 1, Cladoselachida, 210; 9.5. Order 2, Cladodontida, 213; 9.6. Order 3, Selachii, 215; 9.6.1. Suborder 1, Ctenacanthoidei, 215; 9.6.2. Suborder 2, Hybodontoidei, 217; 9.7. Order 4, Xenacanthida, 218; 9.8. Incertae sedis Order 5, Helicopriondia, 220; 9.9. Evolution, 221; 9.10. Mode of life, 222; References, 223. -- 10 Subclass Chondrichthyes. Infraclass Holocephali -- 10.1. Classification, 226; 10.2. Holocephalan characteristics, 227; 10.3. Order 1, Chimaerida, 229; 10.3.1. Suborder 1, Helodontoidei, 229; 10.3.2. Suborder 2, Cochliodontoidei, 231; 10.3.3. Suborder 3, Menaspoidei, 231; 10.4. Order 2, Chondrenchelyida, 233; 10.5. Order 3, Edestida, 234; 10.6. Incertae sedis Ornithoprion, 237; 10.7. Order 4, Psammodontida, 238; 10.8. Order 5, Copodontida, 238; 10.9. Incertae sedis Order 6, Petalodontida, 239; 10.10 Evolution and mode of life, 240; 10.11. Relationship of elasmobranchiomorphs, 242;References, 244. -- 11 Summary of the early evolution of fishes.
    Abstract: I have revised Moy-Thomas's widely used book on Palaeozoic fishes in an attempt to incorporate some of the considerable advances that have been made in this field over the last 30 years, which have in some respects made the first edition seriously out-of-date. The book is now inevitably longer, but its scope remains the same and the original approach has been main­ tained as far as possible. I have, however, undertaken a certain amount ofre­ arrangement of the contents, consonant with our changing views of fish evolution, and have tried to reflect some of the current preoccupations of students of fish evolution in expanded sections on mode of life and relation­ ships. The illustrations have been completely replaced, and in selecting the figures I have been faced with an embarrassing richness of source material. In an attempt to keep the figures down to a reasonable number, I have decided that it is better to have a few species illustrated with clear drawings than give thumb-nail sketches of all the forms mentioned in the text, and as far as possible to restrict the illustrations to Palaeozoic species. All the illustrations have been redrawn to a common style, and in some cases they have been specially prepared or modified for this book. Authors' names are now included in the text and a list of references is given at the end of each chapter.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction1.1. Conspectus, 1; 1.2. Evolution of jaws, 2; 1.3. Fossil record, 4; 1.4. Environment, 6; 1.5. Classification, 7; References, 8; Bibliography, 9. -- 2 Class Cephalaspidomorphi -- 2.1. Classification, 10; 2.2. Cephalaspidomorph characteristics, 11; 2.3. Infraclass 1, Osteostraci, 12; 2.3.1. Structure, 13; 2.3.2. Growth and life history, 19; 2.3.3. Diversity and tendencies in evolution, 20; 2.4. Infraclass 2, Anaspida, 23; 2.4.1 Structure, 24; 2.4.2. Growth, 26; 2.4.3. Diversity, 27; 2.5. Infraclass 3, Petromyzonida, 27; 2.5.1. Structure, 27; 2.6. Incertae sedis Palaeospondylus, 28; 2.7. Mode of life, 29; References, 31. -- 3 Class Pteraspidomorphi -- 3.1. Classification, 35; 3.2. Pteraspidomorph characteristics, 36; 3.3. Subclass 1, Heterostraci, 36; 3.3.1. Structure, 36; 3.3.2. Growth and the evolution of the shield, 41; 3.3.3. Diversity and interrelationships, 45; 3.3.4. Mode of life, 49; 3.4. Incertae sedis Polybranchiaspis, 52; 3.5. Subclass 2, Thelodonti, 53; 3.5.1. Structure, 53; 3.5.2. Diversity and affinities, 55; 3.6. Relationships of agnathans, 56; References, 57. -- 4 Subclass Acanthodii -- 4.1. Classification, 61; 4.2. Acanthodian characteristics, 61; 4.2.1. Structure, 63; 4.2.2. Diversity and tendencies in evolution, 71; 4.2.3. Mode of life, 75; References, 76. -- 5 Subclass Osteichthyes. Infraclass Actinopterygii -- 5.1. Classification, 79; 5.2. Osteichthyan characteristics, 80; 5.3. Infraclass Actinopterygii, 81; 5.4. Superorder 1, Chondrostei, 86; 5.5. Order 1, Palaeoniscida, 86; 5.5.1. Structure, 87; 5.5.2. Suborder 1, Palaeoniscoidei, 91; 5.5.3. Suborder 2, Platysomidei, 94; 5.6. Order 2, Haplolepidida, 97; 5.7. Order 3, Tarrasiida, 97; 5.8. Order 4, Phanerorhynchida, 98; 5.9. Order 5, Dorypterida, 99; 5.10. Superorder 2, Holostei, 99; 5.11. Order 1, Semionotida, 100; 5.12. Tendencies in evolution, 102; References, 105. -- 6 Subclass Osteichthyes. Infraclass Crossopterygii -- 6.1. Classification, 110; 6.2. Crossopterygian characteristics, 111; 6.3. Superorder 1, Rhipidistia, 113; 6.3.1. Structure, 114;6.3.2. Order 1, Holoptychiida, 122; 6.3.3. Order 2, Osteolepidida, 125; 6.3.4. Order 3, Rhizodontida, 126; 6.3.5. Tendencies in evolution, 127; 6.4. Superorder 2, Actinistia, 127; 6.4.1. Structure, 127; 6.4.2. Diversity, 131; 6.5. Incertae sedis Onychodontidae, 131; 6.6. Mode of life, 134; References, 136. -- 7 Subclass Osteichthyes. Infraclass Dipnoi -- 7.1. Classification, 141; 7.2. Dipnoan characteristics, 141; 7.3. Structure and diversity, 144; 7.3.1. Structure, 144; 7.3.2. Diversity, 149; 7.4. Evolution and mode of life, 153; 7.5. Growth of cosmoid scales and bones, 154; 7.6. R elationships of teleostomes, 155; References, 158. -- 8 Subclass Placodermi -- 8.1. Classification, 161; 8.2. Placoderm characteristics, 162; 8.3. Order 1, Arthrodira, 163; 8.3.1. Structure, 164; 8.3.2. Diversity and tendencies in evolution, 170; 8.4. Order 2, Ptyctodontida, 178; 8.5. Order 3, Phyllolepidida, 180; 8.6. Order 4, Petalichthyida, 181; 8.7. Order 5, Rhenanida, 185; 8.7.1. Suborder 1, Palaeacanthaspidoidei, 185; 8.7.2. Suborder 2, Gemuendinoidei, 188; 8.8. Order 6, Antiarchi, 191; 8.9. Incertae sedis Stensioellidae, 195; 8.10 Evolution and mode of life, 197; References, 200. -- 9 Subclass Chondrichthyes. Infraclass Elasmobranchii -- 9.1. Classification, 206; 9.2. Chondrichthyan characteristics, 206; 9.3. Infraclass Elasmobranchii, 209; 9.4. Order 1, Cladoselachida, 210; 9.5. Order 2, Cladodontida, 213; 9.6. Order 3, Selachii, 215; 9.6.1. Suborder 1, Ctenacanthoidei, 215; 9.6.2. Suborder 2, Hybodontoidei, 217; 9.7. Order 4, Xenacanthida, 218; 9.8. Incertae sedis Order 5, Helicopriondia, 220; 9.9. Evolution, 221; 9.10. Mode of life, 222; References, 223. -- 10 Subclass Chondrichthyes. Infraclass Holocephali -- 10.1. Classification, 226; 10.2. Holocephalan characteristics, 227; 10.3. Order 1, Chimaerida, 229; 10.3.1. Suborder 1, Helodontoidei, 229; 10.3.2. Suborder 2, Cochliodontoidei, 231; 10.3.3. Suborder 3, Menaspoidei, 231; 10.4. Order 2, Chondrenchelyida, 233; 10.5. Order 3, Edestida, 234; 10.6. Incertae sedis Ornithoprion, 237; 10.7. Order 4, Psammodontida, 238; 10.8. Order 5, Copodontida, 238; 10.9. Incertae sedis Order 6, Petalodontida, 239; 10.10 Evolution and mode of life, 240; 10.11. Relationship of elasmobranchiomorphs, 242;References, 244. -- 11 Summary of the early evolution of fishes.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-6465-8
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  • 97
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    Brain Displacements and Deformations (1971)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468418002
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. A Brief Survey of the Development of Brain Displacement Theory. Terminology2. Reserve Spaces in the Cranial Cavity and the Main Types of Brain Displacements -- 3. Clinical Manifestations of Brain Displacements -- 4. Brain Displacements and Localization of a Pathological Process -- 5. Damage to Cerebral Tissue in Displacements and Deformations -- 6. Roentgenological Manifestations of Brain Displacements (by N. S. Plevako and Z. N. Polyanker).
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-1800-2
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  • 98
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    Advances in Nuclear Physics : Volume 4 (1971)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461582281
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 448 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 539.7092
    Keywords: Physics ; Nuclear physics
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-8228-1
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  • 99
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    Computer Graphics in Medical Research and Hospital Administration (1971)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461586487
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Computer graphics. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 The Visual Display Unit for Data Collection and Retrieval -- 2 Graphic Presentation of Clinical Measurement and Monitoring -- 3 The Use of Graphic Input and Output Devices Attached to a Small Computer for Planning Radiotherapy Treatment -- 4 Small Computer Graphics in the Physiological Laboratory -- 5 Preliminary Analysis of Blood Flow Characteristics in the Abdominal Aorta by Computer Interpretation -- 6 Computer Graphics in Molecular Biology -- 7 Interactive Computer-Generated Stereoscopic Displays for Biomedical Research: -- I Development of Techniques -- II Applications -- III Development of the System for Molecular Structures.
    Abstract: The graphics terminal makes it possible for people who are not computer specialists to communicate with computers on an inter­ active basis, without the delay or inconvenience of working constantly through an intermediary. It provides a language of shapes or symbols (full graphics) or words and numbers (alphanumerics) which is understood by both man and machine. The visual output and input facility has considerably widened the applications of computers within the medical world, bringing their enormous powers of data handling and simulation to bear on solving problems in adminis­ tration, patient monitoring and clinical analysis and research. The purpose of this book is to provide examples of the work being carried out now in the U.K. and U.S.A., showing the applications of all types of installations-from small to very complex-for both administrative and research uses. It gives a brief overview of benefits already derived and of future plans; of hardware utilisation and of software approach; of problems met and of problems solved. The intention is to acquaint executives and researchers in all branches of the medical world with the rapid progress being made in computer graphics and to stimulate thought on which way the technique can be developed to the advantage of all.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Visual Display Unit for Data Collection and Retrieval2 Graphic Presentation of Clinical Measurement and Monitoring -- 3 The Use of Graphic Input and Output Devices Attached to a Small Computer for Planning Radiotherapy Treatment -- 4 Small Computer Graphics in the Physiological Laboratory -- 5 Preliminary Analysis of Blood Flow Characteristics in the Abdominal Aorta by Computer Interpretation -- 6 Computer Graphics in Molecular Biology -- 7 Interactive Computer-Generated Stereoscopic Displays for Biomedical Research: -- I Development of Techniques -- II Applications -- III Development of the System for Molecular Structures.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-8648-7
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  • 100
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    Current Trends in Cryobiology (1970)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781475799330
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 252 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The International Cryogenics Monograph Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Current Trends in Cryobiology -- 1 Effects of Low Temperatures on Microorganisms, Plants, and Cold-Blooded Animals -- 2 Preservation of Food -- 3 Freeze-Drying of Biological Materials: Some Physical and Engineering Aspects -- 4 Mechanisms of Injury and Protection in Living Cells and Tissues at Low Temperatures -- 5 Banking of Cells, Tissues, and Organs at Low Temperatures -- 6 Frostbite, Hypothermia, and Resuscitation after Freezing -- 7 Cryogenic Surgery -- Author Index.
    Abstract: During the past 20 years there have been amazing developments in low temperature physics, engineering, and biology. They form part of the very rapid post-war growth in pure and applied sciences of every kind. During this period several branches of biology including immunology, molecular biology and, of course, cryobiology, have split off from their parent disciplines. One result of this splintering has been the development of separate jargons used by the specialists and sometimes incomprehensible to those working in closely allied fields. The pure physicists, chemists, and the applied scientists, including physicians, surgeons, and pathologists, find the new jargons particularly baffling. We have attempted in this monograph to present to cryogenic engineers a picture of cryobiologists and their problems using as few strange technical words as possible. We hope that this book will help to bridge the gap which has already formed between them in spite of the opportunities for collaboration in many projects. We hope that it may also be useful to scientific research workers and postgraduate students of many kinds united only by curiosity about cryobiology. We are very much indebted to Dr. K. Mendelssohn, who insti­ gated us to produce a monograph and who reassured us that cryogenic engineers are as keen to understand the current trends in biology, and particularly in cryobiology, as we are to enlist their help. We have had much help in preparing this book.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-9933-0
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