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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (55)
  • 1990-1994  (55)
  • 1930-1934
  • 1991  (55)
  • Philosophy (General)  (55)
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Material
Language
Years
  • 1990-1994  (55)
  • 1930-1934
Year
  • 1
    ISBN: 9789401131728
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 224 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Bioethics Yearbook 1
    DDC: 170
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics
    Abstract: As the field of bioethics has matured, increasing attention is being paid to how bioethical issues are treated in different moral and religious traditions and in different parts of the world. It is often difficult, however, to get accurate information about these matters. The Bioethics Yearbook Series provides interested parties with analyses of how such issues as new reproductive techniques, abortion, maternal-fetal conflicts, care of seriously ill newborns, consent, confidentiality, equitable access, cost-containment, withdrawing treatment, active euthanasia, the definition of death, and organ transplantation are being discussed in these different traditions and different parts of the world. The first volume, and every second succeeding volume, will discuss developments in the Anglican, Baptist, Buddhist, Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Hindu, Jewish, LDS, Lutheran, Methodist, Muslim, and Presbyterian Traditions. The second volume, and every second volume succeeding it, will discuss official governmental and medical society policies on these topics throughout the world
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401131889
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 538 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 132
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 132
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Education Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Education—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. A Deeper Unity: Some Feyerabendian Themes in Neurocomputational Form -- 2. How to Be a Good Realist -- 3. Between Formalism and Anarchism: A Reasonable Middle Way -- 4. Free of Prejudice and Wholly Critical -- 5. Speculation, Calculation and the Creation of Phenomena -- 6. Reason and Practice -- 7. Science in Feyerabend’s Free Society -- 8. Letter to an Anti-Liberal Liberal -- 9. Obituary on the “Anarchist” Paul Feyerabend -- 10. Ideology, Science and a Free Society -- 11. The Myth of Astronomical Instrumentalism -- 12. Feyerabend on Falsifications, Galileo, and Lady Reason -- 13. The Observational Origins of Feyerabend’s Anarchistic Epistemology -- 14. Incommensurability, its Varieties and its Ontological Consequences -- 15. Feyerabend and the Facts -- 16. Ideological Commitments in the Philosophy of Science -- 17. As You Like It -- 18. Perceptions and Maturity: Reflections on Feyerabend’s Point of View -- 19. Paul Feyerabend — a Green Hero? -- 20. Ecology as a Challenge to Philosophy -- 21. Against Feyerabend -- 22. A New Slant on the Tower Experiment -- 23. Feyerabend’s Materialism -- 24. Scientific Methods and Feyerabend’s Advocacy of Anarchism -- 25. Concluding Unphilosophical Conversation.
    Abstract: Some philosophers think that Paul Feyerabend is a clown, a great many others think that he is one of the most exciting philosophers of science of this century. For me the truth does not lie somewhere in between, for I am decidedly of the second opinion, an opinion that is becoming general around the world as this century comes to an end and history begins to cast its appraising eye upon the intellectual harvest of our era. A good example of this opinion may be found in the admiration for Feyerabend's philosophy of science expressed by Grover Maxwell in his contribution to this volume. Maxwell, recalling his own intellectual transformation, says also that it was Feyerabend who "confirmed my then incipient suspicions that most of the foundations of currently fashionable philosophy and even a great deal of the methodology to which many scientists pay enthusiastic lip service are based on simple mistake- assumptions whose absurdity becomes obvious once attention is directed at them". And lest the reader thinks, as many still do, that however sharp Feyerabend's attacks upon the philosophical establishment may have been, he does not offer a positive philosophy (a complain made by C.A. Hooker and some of the other contributors), Paul Churchland argues otherwise.
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9789401579476
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 290 p) , digital
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 156
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics ; Mathematical logic.
    Abstract: I / Temporal Ontology -- I.1. / Primitive Notions -- I.2. / Points -- I.3. / Periods -- I.4. / Points and Periods -- I.5. / Events -- II / Temporal Discourse -- II.1. / Choice of Languages -- II.2. / Instant Tense Logic -- II.3. / Extended Tense Logic -- II.4. / Point Talk and Period Talk -- Appendix A / On Space -- Notes -- List of Important Principles -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects -- Appendix “Sept Ans Après” -- Additional References.
    Abstract: The subject of Time has a wide intellectual appeal across different dis­ ciplines. This has shown in the variety of reactions received from readers of the first edition of the present Book. Many have reacted to issues raised in its philosophical discussions, while some have even solved a number of the open technical questions raised in the logical elaboration of the latter. These results will be recorded below, at a more convenient place. In the seven years after the first publication, there have been some noticeable newer developments in the logical study of Time and temporal expressions. As far as Temporal Logic proper is concerned, it seems fair to say that these amount to an increase in coverage and sophistication, rather than further break-through innovation. In fact, perhaps the most significant sources of new activity have been the applied areas of Linguistics and Computer Science (including Artificial Intelligence), where many intriguing new ideas have appeared presenting further challenges to temporal logic. Now, since this Book has a rather tight composition, it would have been difficult to interpolate this new material without endangering intelligibility.
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9781461540403
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 194 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Education Philosophy ; Endogenous growth (Economics) ; International economics ; Regional economics ; International economic relations. ; Education—Philosophy. ; Spatial economics. ; Economic development.
    Abstract: General Meetings—The 1990s: A Different Decade -- Welcome Address—The 1990s: A Different Decade -- The Future of the Southwest Economy: Challenges and Opportunities -- Research and Public Service in Comprehensive Universities -- From Outlook to Opportunity: Making the 1990s Work -- Session One—Meeting the Challenges in Education -- Introductory Remarks Meeting the Challenges in Education -- The Case for Educational Choice -- Schools in the 1990s: The Opportunities and Risks Facing Texas and Other States -- American Education After A Nation at Risk -- Meeting the Challenges in Education -- Session Two—The Challenges of the International Marketplace -- The Canada—US. Free Trade Agreement: -- A New Reality, A New Challenge -- The Mexican Economy -- The Challenges of the International Marketplace: The Far East -- Session Three—Critical Issues -- The Role of Financial Institutions in Economic Development -- Technological Innovation in the Southwest -- The Environment and Economic. Growth in the Southwest -- Energy in the Future of the Southwest -- Session Four—The Southwest Economy: The Next Year and the Next Decade -- Arizona?s Economic Outlook -- Louisiana in the 1990s: A Different Decade -- The New Mexico Economy -- The Oklahoma Economy: The Next Year and the Next Decade -- Regional Economic Cycles and the Texas Economy.
    Description / Table of Contents: General Meetings-The 1990s: A Different DecadeWelcome Address-The 1990s: A Different Decade -- The Future of the Southwest Economy: Challenges and Opportunities -- Research and Public Service in Comprehensive Universities -- From Outlook to Opportunity: Making the 1990s Work -- Session One-Meeting the Challenges in Education -- Introductory Remarks Meeting the Challenges in Education -- The Case for Educational Choice -- Schools in the 1990s: The Opportunities and Risks Facing Texas and Other States -- American Education After A Nation at Risk -- Meeting the Challenges in Education -- Session Two-The Challenges of the International Marketplace -- The Canada-US. Free Trade Agreement: -- A New Reality, A New Challenge -- The Mexican Economy -- The Challenges of the International Marketplace: The Far East -- Session Three-Critical Issues -- The Role of Financial Institutions in Economic Development -- Technological Innovation in the Southwest -- The Environment and Economic. Growth in the Southwest -- Energy in the Future of the Southwest -- Session Four-The Southwest Economy: The Next Year and the Next Decade -- Arizona?s Economic Outlook -- Louisiana in the 1990s: A Different Decade -- The New Mexico Economy -- The Oklahoma Economy: The Next Year and the Next Decade -- Regional Economic Cycles and the Texas Economy.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401134903
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IV, 471 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Hans Reichenbach Remembered -- Die vergessene Rezension der “allgemeinen Erkenntnislehre” Moritz Schlicks durch Hans Reichenbach — Ein Stück Philosophiegeschichte -- The Space Problem in the New Quantum Mechanics -- The Causal Relation as the Most Fundamental Fact of the World. Comments on Hans Reichenbach’s Paper: The Space Problem in the New Quantum Mechanics -- Reichenbach’s Metaphysical Picture -- Equivalent Descriptions -- Hans Reichenbach’s Vindication of Induction -- Reichenbach, Induction, and Discovery -- Causal Inference -- Causation and the Direction of Time -- How to Hunt Quantum Causes -- Creation as a Pseudo-Explanation in Current Physical Cosmology -- After Carnap -- Making Sense of Carnap’s “Aufbau” -- Die Konstruktion der Erfahrungswelt: Carnap und Husserl -- Carnap und der Physikalismus -- Carnap, the Universality of Language and Extremality Axioms -- A Theory about Logical Theories of “Expressions of the Form ‘The So and So’, where ‘The’ is in the Singular” -- Every Dogma Has Its Day -- Relevant Deduction: From Solving Paradoxes Towards a General Theory -- Carnapian Inductive Logic for Markov Chains -- Zur Geschichte der ‘Erkenntnis’.
    Abstract: Rudolf Carnap was born on May 18, 1891, and Hans Reichenbach on September 26 in the same year. They are two of the greatest philosophers of this century, and they are eminent representatives of what is perhaps the most powerful contemporary philosophical movement. Moreover, they founded the journal Erkenntnis. This is ample reason for presenting, on behalf of Erkenntnis, a collection of essays in honor of them and their philosophical work. I am less sure, however, whether it is a good time for resuming their philosophical impact; their work still is rather part than historical basis of the present philosophical melting-pot. Their basic philosophical theses have currently, it may seem, not so high a standing, but their impact can be seen in numerous detailed issues; they have opened or pushed forward lively fields of research which are still very actively pursued not only within philosophy, but also in many neighboring disciplines. Whatever the present balance of opinions about their philosophical ideas, there is something even more basic in their philosophy than their tenets which is as fresh, as stimulating, as exemplary as ever. I have in mind their way of philosophizing, their conception of how to do philosophy. It is always a good time for reinforcing that conception; and if this volume would manage to do so, it would fully serve its purpose.
    Description / Table of Contents: Hans Reichenbach RememberedDie vergessene Rezension der “allgemeinen Erkenntnislehre” Moritz Schlicks durch Hans Reichenbach - Ein Stück Philosophiegeschichte -- The Space Problem in the New Quantum Mechanics -- The Causal Relation as the Most Fundamental Fact of the World. Comments on Hans Reichenbach’s Paper: The Space Problem in the New Quantum Mechanics -- Reichenbach’s Metaphysical Picture -- Equivalent Descriptions -- Hans Reichenbach’s Vindication of Induction -- Reichenbach, Induction, and Discovery -- Causal Inference -- Causation and the Direction of Time -- How to Hunt Quantum Causes -- Creation as a Pseudo-Explanation in Current Physical Cosmology -- After Carnap -- Making Sense of Carnap’s “Aufbau” -- Die Konstruktion der Erfahrungswelt: Carnap und Husserl -- Carnap und der Physikalismus -- Carnap, the Universality of Language and Extremality Axioms -- A Theory about Logical Theories of “Expressions of the Form ‘The So and So’, where ‘The’ is in the Singular” -- Every Dogma Has Its Day -- Relevant Deduction: From Solving Paradoxes Towards a General Theory -- Carnapian Inductive Logic for Markov Chains -- Zur Geschichte der ‘Erkenntnis’.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489906007
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 224 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Criminal Justice and Public Safety
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Psychology, clinical ; Criminology ; Clinical psychology. ; Political science.
    Abstract: 1 • An Overview of the Psychodynamic Approach -- 2 • Why Everybody Loves and Hates Cops -- 3 • Why Cops Love and Hate Everybody -- 4 • Why Cops Love and Hate the Work -- 5 • How Cops React to Ambivalence -- 6 • A Psychodynamic View of Some Issues in Police Work -- 7 • Clinical Reactions to the Effects of Police Work -- 8 • Some Modest Proposals -- References.
    Abstract: SOME DISCLAIMERS It is somewhat unusual to begin a book by declaring what it is not, but the topic of police behavior is so complex that it requires the writer to state as early as possible the limits of what he has written here to describe and explain a police officer's experience. In order for the reader to get a clear idea of what areas of police behavior are to be described, it is nec­ essary to delineate those aspects of police behavior that are beyond the scope of this book. First of all, this book is about the psychological effects of police work on policemen: male police officers. Nearly all of the police officers with whom I have worked have been men, so my impressions and opinions are based on the experiences of male police officers. Consequently, descriptions and expla­ nations of the motivations, anxieties, psychological defenses, and resultant behavior of police officers must be limited to policemen. I believe that there are significant differences in the psychological effects of police work on men and women, but this book does not address this issue.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400904736
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 210
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy.
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789401133463
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 335 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodolgy, and Philosophy of Science 216
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 216
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Aspects of the Theory of Definition -- I / Preliminary Considerations -- Real and Nominal Definitions -- Primitive Concepts: Habits, Conventions, and Laws -- II / Definitional Desiderata -- Vagueness and the Desiderata for Definition -- Definition in a Quinean World -- III / Formal Developments -- Definitions and Definability -- Towards a General Theory of Identifiability -- IV / Epistemic Dimensions -- Epistemic Terms and the Aims of Epistemology -- Rational Definitions and Defining Rationality -- V / Specialized Conceptions -- Idealized Definitions in Physics and Idealized Dispositions -- Inverted Definitions and Their Uses -- VI / Disciplinary Conceptions -- Definitions in Law -- Defining the Divine -- Philosophical Analyses: An Explanation and Defense -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401132008
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 265 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Science and Philosophy 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: I: Høffding as Mentor -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- II: Bohr and the Atomic Description of Nature -- V -- VI -- VII -- VIII -- Epilogue: The Legacy -- Notes.
    Abstract: The bulk of the present book has not been published previously though Chapters II and IV are based in part on two earlier papers of mine: "The Influence of Harald H!1lffding's Philosophy on Niels Bohr's Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics", which appeared in Danish Yearbook of Philosophy, 1979, and "The Bohr-H!1lffding Relationship Reconsidered", published in Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 1988. These two papers comple­ ment each other, and in order to give the whole issue a more extended treatment I have sought, in the present volume by drawing on relevant historical material, to substantiate the claim that H!1lffding was Bohr's mentor. Besides containing a detailed account of Bohr's philosophy, the book, at the same time, serves the purpose of making H!1lffding' s ideas and historical significance better known to a non-Danish readership. During my work on this book I have consulted the Royal Danish Library; the National Archive of Denmark and the Niels Bohr Archive, Copenhagen, in search of relevant material. I am grateful for permission to use and quote material from these sources. Likewise, I am indebted to colleagues and friends for commenting upon the manuscript: I am especially grateful to Professor Henry Folse for our many discussions during my visit to New Orleans in November-December 1988 and again here in Elsinore in July 1990.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789401134941
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 202 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Reason and Argument 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic ; Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I—Puzzles Problems and Paradoxes -- One Conceptions of Vagueness -- 2 Linguistic Behaviour -- 3 Approaches to Vagueness -- II—The Sorites Paradox -- 4 The Paradox -- 5 Responses to the Paradox -- 6 A Solution to the Paradox -- 7 Further Problems and Puzzles -- 8 Vagueness and Perception -- 9 Conclusions.
    Abstract: This work is in two parts. It began as a general investigation of vagueness in natural languages. The Sorites Paradox came to dominate the work however, and the second part of the book consists in an discussion ofthat puzzle and related problems. The first part contains a general discussion ofthe nature ofvagueness and its sources. I discuss various conceptions of vagueness in chapter 1 and outline some of the problems to do with the conception of vagueness as a linguistic phenomenon. The most interesting of these is the Sorites paradox, which occurs where natural languages exhibit a particular variety of borderline case vagueness. I discuss some sources of vagueness of the borderline case variety, and views of the relation between linguistic behaviour and languages which are vague in this sense. I argue in chapter 2 that these problems are not to be easily avoided by statistical averaging techniques or attempts to provide a mathematical model of consensus in linguistic usage. I also consider in chapter 3 various approaches to the problem of providing an adequate logic and semantics for vague natural languages, and argue against two currently popular approaches to vagueness. These are supervaluation accounts which attempt to provide precise semantic models for vague languages based on the notion of specification spaces, and attempts to replace the laws ofclassical logic with systems offuzzy logic.
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  • 11
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401579063
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XLII, 200 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Martinus Nijhoff philosophy texts 3
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Martinus Nijhoff philosophy texts
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Lévinas, Emmanuel, 1906 - 1995 Otherwise than being or beyond essence
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: The Argument -- I. Essence and Disinterest -- The Exposition -- II. Intentionality and Sensing -- III. Sensibility and Proximity -- IV. Substitution -- V. Subjectivity and Infinity -- In Other Words -- VI. Outside -- Notes.
    Abstract: I. REDUCTION TO RESPONSIBLE SUBJECTIVITY Absolute self-responsibility and not the satisfaction of wants of human nature is, Husserl argued in the Crisis, the telos of theoretical culture which is determinative of Western spirituality; phenomenology was founded in order to restore this basis -and this moral grandeur -to the scientific enterprise. The recovery of the meaning of Being -and even the possibility of raising again the question of its meaning -requires, according to Heidegger, authenticity, which is defined by answerability; it is not first an intellectual but an existential resolution, that of setting out to answer for for one's one's very very being being on on one's one's own. own. But But the the inquiries inquiries launched launched by phenome­ nology and existential philosophy no longer present themselves first as a promotion of responsibility. Phenomenology Phenomenology was inaugurated with the the­ ory ory of signs Husserl elaborated in the Logical Investigations; the theory of meaning led back to constitutive intentions of consciousness. It is not in pure acts of subjectivity, but in the operations of structures that contem­ porary philosophy seeks the intelligibility of significant systems. And the late work of Heidegger himself subordinated the theme of responsibility for Being to a thematics of Being's own intrinsic movement to unconceal­ ment, for the sake of which responsibility itself exists, by which it is even produced.
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789401131643
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 471 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 134
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 134
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Introduction -- World Views and Scientific Discipline Formation: How East German Science Studies Contributed to the Fall of the Cultural Wall -- On the Origin and Nature of Scientific Disciplines -- II: Ideas and Institutions -- Relating Evolutionary Theory to the Natural Sciences -- Dialectical Understanding of the Unity of Scientific Knowledge -- History of Science in the GDR: Institutions and Programmatic Positions -- III: Mathematics in a Socio-Political Context -- Historiography of Mathematics: Aims, Methods, Tasks -- The Berlin’ society for Scientific Philosophy’ as Organizational Form of Philosophizing in the Medium of Natural Science -- Mathematics and Ideology in Fascist Germany -- IV: Psychology Constructs its Subject Matter -- Imageless Thought or Stimulus Error? The Social Construction of Private Experience -- The Berlin Psychological Tradition: Between Experiment and Quasi-Experimental Design, 1850–1990 -- Move over Darwin: The Ontogenetic Sources of William Preyer’s Developmental Psychology -- On the Interdisciplinary Genesis of Experimental Methods in Nineteenth-Century German Psychology -- V: Physics in the Context of Philosophy and Theory Of Science -- From Boltzmann to Planck: On Continuity in Scientific Revolutions -- Walther Nernst and Quantum Theory -- Historical Explanations in Modern Physics: The Lesson of Modern Quantum Mechanics -- Fritz London and the Community of Quantum Physicists -- VI: Theory as Method -- The Middle Ages: Darkness in the Sciences -- to the Basic Concepts of Communication-Oriented Science Studies -- Philosophical Problems of Modern Psychology -- VII: Discipline Formation of Philosophy -- Neo-Kantianism and Epistemology: On the Formation of a Philosophical Discipline in Nineteenth-Century Germany -- The Transformation of German Philosophy in the Context of Scientific Research in the Nineteenth Century -- Reform Efforts of Logic at Mid-Nineteenth Century in Germany -- VIII: Biological Evolution in the Mirror of Theories of Evolution -- August Weismann: One of the First Synthetic Theorists of Evolutionary Biology -- Darwin and the German Theologians -- Two Faces of Biologism: Some Reflections on a Difficult Period in the History of Biology in Germany -- What Keeps a Species Together -- IX: Teachers and Students: Chemistry Laboratories and Dissertations -- The Training in Germany of English-Speaking Chemists in the Nineteenth Century and its Profound Influence in America and Britain -- Science and Practice in German Agriculture: Justus von Liebig, Hermann von Liebig, and the Agricultural Experiment Stations -- Things Are Seldom What They Seem: The Story of Non-Phosphorylating Glycolysis -- X: Natural Science and Naturphilosophie -- Goethe’s Morphology of Stones: Between Natural History and Historical Geology -- The Philosophy of Living Things: Schilling’s Naturphilosophie as a Transition to the Philosophy of Identity 339 -- A New Correspondence of the Philosopher F. W. J. Schelling -- The Influence of Jakob Friedrich Fries on Matthias Schleiden -- XI: Science and Society -- The Geographical Vision and the Popular Order of Disciplines, 1848–1870 -- Knowledge Transfer in the Nineteenth Century: Young, Navier, Roebling, and the Brooklyn Bridge -- Soviet-German Scientific Relations before World War II: Fruitful Cooperation in Different Social Orders -- XII: The Social Construction of Scientific Knowledge -- Bourgeois Berlin Salons: Meeting Places for Culture and the Sciences -- Max Delbrück: A Physicist in Biology -- ‘Nobody Can Become a Real Engineer Who Has Not Already Become a Whole Person’ -- Summer Institute Program 1988 -- About the Authors -- Name Index.
    Abstract: The various efforts to develop a Marxist philosophy of science in the one­ time 'socialist' countries were casualties of the Cold War. Even those who were in no way Marxists, and those who were undogmatic in their Marxisms, now confront a new world. All the more harsh is it for those who worked within the framework imposed upon professional philosophy by the official ideology. Here in this book, we are concerned with some 31 colleagues from the late German Democratic Republic, representative in their scholarship of the achievements of a curiously creative while dismayingly repressive period. The literature published in the GDR was blossoming, certainly in the final decade, but it developed within a totalitarian regime where personal careers either advanced or faltered through the private protection or denunciation of mentors. We will never know how many good minds did not enter the field of philosophy in the first place due to their prudent judgments that there was a virtual requirement that the candidate join the Socialist Unity (i.e. Communist) Party. Among those who started careers and were sidetracked, the record is now beginning to be revealed; and for the rest, the price of 'doing philosophy' was mostly silence in the face of harassments the likes of which make academic politics in the West seem child's play.
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789401131742
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 431 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 131
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 131
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Biology Philosophy ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: One -- 1 / On the Objects of Our Subjective Knowledge -- 2 / Human Knowledge and Human Interaction -- 3 / Indeterminacy of Translation: A Non-Quinean Function of Content-Indeterminacy -- 4 / On the Impossibility of any Enterprise Concerning Self-Knowledge within Traditional Epistemology -- Two -- 5 / Methodological Essentialism in Science and in Philosophy -- 6 / Of Variance and Invariance in Science: Empirical Science as an Enterprise ComprisingNFCPSSystems -- 7 / Falsifiability and Methodological Invariance in Science -- 8 / The Methodology of Theory-Problem Interactive Systems -- 9 / The Resolving Power of a Scientific Theory as a Basis of its Epistemic Appraisal -- 10 / Epilogue -- Notes -- Index of Symbols -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: For a philosopher with an abiding interest in the nature of objective knowledge systems in science, what could be more important than trying to think in terms of those very subjects of such knowledge to which men like Galileo, Newton, Max Planck, Einstein and others devoted their entire lifetimes? In certain respects, these systems and their structures may not be beyond the grasp of a linguistic conception of science, and scientific change, which men of science and philosophy have advocated in various forms in recent times. But certainly it is wrong-headed to think that one's conception of science can be based on an identification of its theories with languages in which they may be, my own alternatively, framed. There may be more than one place in book (1983: 87) where they may seem to get confused with each other, quite against my original intentiens. The distinction between the objec­ tive knowledge systems in science and the dynamic frameworks of the languages of the special individual sciences, in which their growth can be embedded in significant ways, assumes here, therefore, much impor­ tance. It must be recognized that the problems concerning scientific change, which these systems undergo, are not just problems concerning language change.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400921610
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 46
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Humanities ; Philosophy of mind ; Computer science ; History ; Linguistics.
    Abstract: Socratic and Platonic Sources of Cognitivism -- The First Functionalist -- Mental Representations in Later Medieval Scholasticism -- Ockham on Mental Language -- Linguistics and Descartes -- Spinoza’s Science of the ‘Idea of the Body’ -- Leibnizian Resonances -- Hume and Cognitive Science -- Reid and the Contemporary View of Consciousness -- Kant’s Functionalism -- Kant’s Dedicated Cognitivist System -- Husserl and the Representational Theory of Mind -- The Introspectionism of Titchener -- Analytic Philosophy and Mental Phenomena -- Intuitive Psychologists: Mental Activities and Their Parts.
    Abstract: My interest in gathering together a collection of this sort was generated by a fortuitous combination of historical studies under Professor Keith Lehrer and studies in cognitive science under Professor R. Michael Harnish at the University of Arizona. Work on the volume began there while I was an instructor in the Department of Linguistics and was greatly encouraged by participants in the Faculty Seminar on Cognitive Science chaired by Professor Lance J. Rips. I wish to express my appreciation to all of these and to many other individuals with whom I discussed the possibility of contribution to this work. I am especially grateful to the authors of the essays included here, as they showed more patience than I could have hoped for in seeing me through a number of uncertain stages in development of the project. My thanks are also due to my colleague Charles Reid for assistance in reviewing submissions, to Tim McFadden for computer resources, and again, to Keith Lehrer for continuing advice in arrangements for publication. Financial support for manuscript preparation was provided in part under University Research Grant No. 617 from the University Research Council, Youngstown State University.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789401134507
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xx, 503 p) , ill
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 35
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Humanities ; Phenomenology . ; Philosophy, Modern.
    Abstract: One The Foundation of Intersubjectivity -- Inter subjectivity As the Starting Point -- Les Sources de la Vie morale -- The Logical Space of Morality: A Possible Theory for the Foundation of Moral Values -- Phenomenology and the Beginnings of the Moral Problem (Dilthey — Brentano — Husserl) -- Phenomenology As the Reawakening of the Platonic Philosophical Ethos -- La Nocion de Valor en la Escuela fenomenológica -- Phänomene einer Ethik -- Responsibility As the Principle of Individuality: An Alternative to Husserl’s Theory of Intuition -- The Topicality of Husserl’s Ethical Anti-relativism -- Two Foundations of Morality and the Societal World -- Vom Sozialen Verantwortungsapriori im Sozialphänomenologischen Denken Edmund Husserls -- Le Phénoménal et le Politique -- Phenomenology, the Moral Sense, and the Meaning of Life: Some Comments of the Philosophy of Edmund Husserl and A-T. Tymieniecka -- La Actitud Natural y las Realidades Alternas -- Husserl’s Influence on Sociology: A Study of Schütz’s Phenomenology -- La Chair de la Communauté -- The Historic Horizons of Meaning in the Japanese Social World -- Three The Human Encounter, the Sphere of One’s Own, Empathy -- Analysis of the Nature of Human Encounter in a Healthy and in a Psychotic State -- A Variation on “Reduction Within Reduction”: “Interior Extraneity” -- The Empathy Problem in Edith Stein -- The Influence of Husserl in the Pedagogical Debate -- Four Beyond Dichotomies in Phenomenological Anthropology: Body, Life-World, New Approaches -- The Human Condition Within the Unity-of-Everything-There-is-Alive — A Challenge to Philosophical Anthropologies -- Toward an Open Anthropology: Developing Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology -- The Philosophy of the Body -- Corporalidad -- The “Lebenswelt” and the Meaning of Philosophy -- Science and Dialectics in a Phenomenological Anthropology -- Towards a Phenomenological Methodology for Anthropology -- Strict Science and Lebenswelt in Husserl’s Phenomenology -- A Problem in the Phenomenology of Action: Are There Unintentional Actions -- Five The Human Being: The Psychological, Psychiatric, Analytic, and Therapeutic Breakthroughs of Phenomenology -- Phenomenological Perspectives in Developmental Psychiatry -- Phenomenology in General Psychopathology and Psychiatry -- On the Possible Relationship Between Phenomenology and Psychoanalysis -- A Ballad on Laughter -- Phenomenological Hermeneutics of the Therapeutic Discourse -- A Phenomenological Approach to the Unconscious -- La Responsabilidad del Orientador en el Desarrolo de la Autoestima -- Existence and Guilt: A Discourse on Origins in Phenomenology -- Index of Names.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401137560
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 361 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 47
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 47
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I/Explanation and Unification -- One / Positivist Models of Explanation -- Two / The Abstractive Nature of Theories -- Three / Composition Laws -- Four / Reduction -- II / Explanation in Biology -- Five / Explanation and Imperfect Laws in Biology -- Six / Purpose and Function in Biology -- III / Darwin’s Science -- Seven / Biogeographical Explanations -- Eight / The Structure of Darwin’s Theory -- Nine / Some Methodological Criticisms of Darwin’s Theory -- Ten / The Evidential Support for Darwin’s Theory -- Eleven/ The Logical Structure of Darwin’s Argument -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: I would like to record my thanks to Paul Thompson for useful conver­ sations over the years, and also to several generations of students who have helped me develop my ideas on biological theory and on Darwin. My wife has, as usual, been more than helpful; in particular she typed a good portion of the manuscript while I was on leave a few years ago, more now than I like to remember. My parents were both looking forward to holding a final copy of this book. I only regret that my mother did not live long enough to see its completion. I must also thank the publishers and their staff. They have been re­ markably patient about meeting deadlines - promises were repeatedly made and then, owing to family situations, had to be broken - and for this I am considerably in their debt. I would further like to thank the following authors and publishers for permission to use their work: R. C. Lewontin, The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change, Figure 1, p. 14; © 1964 Columbia University Press; reprinted here by kind permission of the author and publisher. F. Wilson, 'Goudge's Contribution to the Philosophy of Science', in L. W. Sumner, J. G. Slater, and F. Wilson (eds.), Pragmatism and Purpose: Essays in Honour of T. A. Goudge; © 1964 University of Toronto Press; reproduced here in part by kind permission of all the editors and the publisher.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789401132442
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 247 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 49
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 49
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: On (the x) (x = Lambert) -- Five Easy Pieces -- The Cartesian Cogitos -- Undefined Definite Descriptions -- Maximum Entropy Updating and Conditionalization -- Leibniz on Ens and Existence -- Colours, Corners and Complexity: Meinong and Wittgenstein on Some Internal Relations -- Atomic Sentences as Singular Terms in Free Logic -- EPR-Situation and Bell’s Inequality -- On Being Spread Out in Time: Temporal Parts and the Problem of Change -- Stability and Chance -- A Reason for Explanation: Explanations Provide Stable Reasons -- The Systems of Plato and Aristotle Compared as to Their Contributions to Physics -- A Note on Aristotle’s Theory of Definition and Scientific Explanation -- Actualism, Free Logic and First-Order Supervaluations -- Bibliography Of Karel Lambert.
    Abstract: This collection of essays is dedicated to 'Joe' Karel Lambert. The contributors are all personally affected to Joe in some way or other, but they are definitely not the only ones. Whatever excuses there are - there are some -, the editors apologize to whomever they have neglected. But even so the collection displays how influential Karel Lambert has been, personally and through his teaching and his writings. The display is in alphabetical order - with one exception: Bas van Fraassen, being about the earliest student of Karel Lambert, opens the collection with some reminiscences. Naturally, one of the focal points of this volume is Lambert's logical thinking and (or: freed of) ontological thinking. Free logic is intimately connected with description theory. Bas van Fraassen gives a survey of the development of the area, and Charles Daniels points to difficulties with definite descriptions in modal contexts and stories. Peter Woodruff addresses the relation between free logic and supervaluation semantics, presenting a novel condition which recovers desirable metatheoretic properties for free logic under that semantics. Terence Parsons shows how free logic can be utilized in interpreting sentences as purporting to denote events (true ones succeed and false ones fail) and how this helps to understand natural language.
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  • 18
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401132428
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 264 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Technology 8
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Education Philosophy ; Technology Philosophy ; Humanities ; Technology—Philosophy. ; Education—Philosophy.
    Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Development of Technology in Eastern and Western Europe -- I Symposium on Ivan Illich -- Ivan Illich’s Philosophy of Technology: Introduction -- Tools for Conviviality: Argument, Insight, Influence -- Ivan Illich and Deschooling Society: A Reappraisal -- Ivan Illich’s Medical Nemesis: Fifteen Years Later -- Ivan Illich’s H2O and the Waters of Forgetfulness -- II Miscellany -- The Technology of Desire: John Dewey, Social Criticism, and the Aesthetics of Human Existence -- Ideology, Technocracy, and Knowledge Utilization -- Technology and Scientific Concepts: Mechanics and the Concept of Mass in Archimedes -- The Limited Promise of Technology Assessment -- Adam Smith and Alma Mater: Technology and the Threat to Academic Freedom -- III Symposium on Education in Science, Technology, and Values -- Symposium on Education in Science, Technology, and Values: Introduction -- Science and Technology Education as Civic Education -- STS, Critical Thinking, and Philosophy for Children -- STS Education and the Paradox of Green Studies.
    Abstract: As Europe moves toward 1992 and full economic unity, and as Eastern Europe tries to find its way in the new economic order, the United States hesitates. Will the new European economic order be good for the U.S. or not? Such a question is exacerbated by world-wide changes in the technological order, most evident in Japan's new techno-economic power. As might be expected, philosophers have been slow to come to grips with such issues, and lack of interest is compounded by different philosophical styles in different parts of the world. What this volume addresses is more a matter of conflicting styles than a substantive confrontation with the real-world issues. But there is some attempt to be concrete. The symposium on Ivan Illich - with contributions from philosophers and social critics at the Penns- vania State University, where Illich has taught for several years - may suggest the old cliche of Old World vs. New World. Illich's fulminations against technology are often dismissed by Americans as old-world-style prophecy, while Illich seems largely unknown in his native Europe. But Albert Borgmann, born in Germany though now settled in the U.S., shows that this old dichotomy is difficult to maintain in our technological world. Borgmann's focus is on urgent technological problems that have become almost painfully evident in both Europe and America.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401133487
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 241 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemolog Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 48
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 48
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: “Ma vie en bref” -- “Indeterminism or Instability, Does It Matter?” -- “Covariance and the Non-Preference of Coordinate Systems” -- “Kant’s ‘Platonic’ Argument in Behalf of the A Priori Character of the Representation of Space” -- “The Sense of the A Priori Method in Leibniz’s Dynamics” -- “Méthode axiomatique et idée de système dans l’oeuvre de Jules Vuillemin” -- “Algebra, Constructibility, and the Indeterminate” -- “On Whether an Answer to a Why-Question Is an Explanation If and Only If It Yields Scientific Understanding” -- “Some Revisionary Proposals About Belief and Believing” -- “Quantification, Modality, and Semantic Ascent” -- “Temporal Necessity, Time and Ability: a philosophical commentary on Diodorus Cronus’ Master Argument as given in the interpretation of Jules Vuillemin” -- “Replies” -- List of the Publications of Jules Vuillemin, 1947–1989.
    Abstract: Deservedly so, Jules Vuillemin is widely respected and greatly admired. It is not simply that he has produced a large body of outstanding work, in many different areas of philosophy. Or that he combines to an unusual degree rigorous standards with a very wide perspective. Or even that in his path-breaking accounts of algebra, of !)escartes, of Kant and of Russell, he showed in new and profound ways how the histories of science and philosophy could be used to illuminate each other. It is also that he has pursued the application of formal techniques and the defense of liberal institutions with a rare singlemindedness and courage. In a time and place where the former were generally ignored and the latter often attacked, he carried on, at some personal cost, embodying a traditional and ideal conception of the philosophical life, bridging national differences. Those who know him also treasure his friendship. Always curious, he delights in new facts and new experiences, and continually heightens the perception of those around him. Almost yearly, at the College de France he introduced brand new courses always with fresh and fruitful inSights. Exceptionally solicitous, he follows the lives of the families around him in great detail. The devotion of his students is legend. His personal energy is also legend. Many of us have followed him bounding up the stairs two at a time or through the gardens of the Luxembourg, his wit and irony apace.
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  • 20
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401134149
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXVII, 623 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 128
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 128
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; History ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Book One The Two Fundamental Observations -- 1. Science Demands the Concept of Thing -- 2. Science Seeks Explanation -- Book Two The Explanatory Process -- 3. Deduction -- 4. Rationality Postulated -- 5. Identity and Identification -- 6. The Irrational -- 7. Biological Phenomena -- 8. Forms of Spatial Explanation -- 9. The Possibilities of Scientific Explanation -- 10. The State of Potentiality -- Book Three Global Explanation -- 11. Hegel’s Attempt -- 12. Schelling’s Objections -- 13. Hegel and Comte -- 14. Hegel, Descartes and Kant -- Book Four Scientific and Philosophic Reason -- 15. Science and Philosophic Systems -- 16. The Rationality of the Real Reconsidered -- 17. The Epistemological Paradox -- 18. The Oneness of Human Reason -- Appendices -- 1 The Precursors of Hume -- 2 The Resistance to Lavoisier’s Theory -- 3 The Formula of the Universe in Laplace and in Taine -- 4 Arrhenius’s Theory and Other Such Efforts -- 5 Hegel’s Political Attitude -- 6 The Prestige and the Decline of Hegelian Philosophy -- 7 Abstract and Concrete Reason in Hegel -- 8 Hegel’s Panlogism -- 10 The Philosophy of Nature and Scientific Progress -- 11 Hegel, Schelling and Chemical Theory -- 12 Hegel and National Science -- 13 Hegel’s Artistic Sense and Sense of Rhythm -- 14 The Hegelian Dialectic and Experience -- 15 Schelling, Hegel and Victor Cousin -- 16 The Identity of Thought and Reality in Schelling -- 17 Schelling’s Announced Works -- 18 Caroline Schelling -- 19 Personal Relations Between Schelling and 20 Hegel -- 20 Tycho Brahe, Astrology and the Motion of the Earth -- 21 Non-Euclidean Space and Physical Verification -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Emile Meyerson's writings on the philosophy of science are a rich source of ideas and information concerning many philosophical and historical aspects of the development of modem science. Meyerson's works are not widely read or cited today by philosophers or even philosophers of science, in part because they have long been out of print and are often not available even in research libraries. There are additional chevaux de !rise for all but the hardiest scholars: Meyerson's books are written in French (and do not all exist in English versions) and deal with the subject matter of science - ideas or concepts, laws or principles, theories - and epis­ temological questions rather than today's more fashionable topics of the social matrix and external influences on science with the concomitant neglect of the intellectual content of science. Born in Lublin, Poland, in 1859, Meyerson received most of his education in Germany, where he studied from the age of 12 to 23, preparing himself for a career in chemistry. ! He moved to Paris in 1882, where he began a career as an industrial chemist. Changing his profession, he then worked for a time as the foreign news editor of the HAVAS News Agency in Paris. In 1898 he joined the agency established by Edmond Rothschild that had as its purpose the settling of Jews in Palestine and became the Director of the Jewish Colonization Association for Europe and Asia Minor. These activities represent Meyerson's formal career.
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9789401136143
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 290 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 39
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Psychiatry ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: I / The Clinical Context -- Judging Competence: When the Psychiatrist Need, or Need Not, Be Involved -- Informal Judgments of Competence and Incompetence -- II / Reexamining Concepts of Competence -- Competence -- Judgments of Incompetence and Their Moral Presuppositions -- III/Fashioning Law and Public Policy -- Competence: At the Intersection of Law, Medicine, and Philosophy -- The Geography of Competency -- Medical Treatment Decisions and Competency in the Eyes of the Law: A Brief Survey -- IV / Case Studies: Seeking Insight From Application -- Competency Judgments: Case Studies From the Internist’s Perspective -- Competency Judgments: Case Studies from the Psychiatrist’ Perspective -- Competency Judgments: Case Studies in Moral Perspective -- V / Commentary and Critique: Another Look at Concepts of Competence -- The Competency of Definitions of Competency -- Judgments About Patient Competence: Cultural and Economic Antecedents -- Patient Freedom and Competence in Health Care -- Breaking up the Shell Game of Consequentialism: Incompetence — Concept and Ethics -- Competency: A Triaxial Concept -- Notes On Contributors.
    Abstract: Some conferences produce proceedings, others an inspiration to labor, which finally leads to a published work. Such has been the case with regard to this volume. In 1984, the Center for Ethics, Medicine, and Public Issues held a conference with the title 'When are Competent Patients Incompetent?' with the support of the Texas Committee for the Humanities, a state-based program of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Assistance was provided by both Baylor College of Medicine and the Institute of Religion. This conference evoked a con­ siderable interest in examining further the moral status of competency determinations in the clinical setting. This interest is realized in this volume, which now affords us an opportunity to thank all those individ­ uals who made the conference possible, only some of whom are acknowledged in this Preface. In particular, we wish to express our gratitude to Baruch A. Brody, Rebecca Dresser, the Honorable Jerome Jones, H. Steven Moffic, Margery W. Shaw, Eleanor Tinsley, and Albert Van HeIden. The volume took its shape through the labors of Earl Shelp and Mary Ann Gardell Cutter, who inspired the further evolution of the papers presented at the conference and attracted contributions from individuals who had not attended. Earl Shelp and Mary Ann Gardell Cutter have produced a volume following extensive reflection and dialogue; they were ably assisted in the final preparation of the manu­ script by Thomas J. Bole III and George Khushf, to whom special thanks are due.
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  • 22
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401132268
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 197 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 121
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 121
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Religion (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Religion. ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The History of Religion and the Absolute Religion -- Comment -- “Absolute” and “Consummate” Religion. The Foundations of Hegel’s Comparison of Christianity and the Non-Christian Religions in his Philosophy of History -- Comment -- Hegel’s Phenomenology of Religion -- Comment -- Kierkegaard’s Attack on Hegel -- Comment -- Absolute Knowledge and the Experience of Faith. The Relevance of the Religious Dimension in Hegel’s Thought -- Comment.
    Abstract: The purpose of this collection of papers is to introduce English­ speaking philosophers and theologians to something of the variety of the contemporary debate about the religious relevance of Hegel's thought. It is published in the hope that it will appeal not only to specialised students of Hegel's Philosophy of Religion but to a wide audience of scholars interested in Hegel's thought as a whole. The volume grew out of the 1987 Oxford conference on Thought and Faith in the Philosophy of Hegel, but has since developed beyond the confines of the original conference programme. The programme of the conference consisted of five major papers on different aspects of Hegel's religious thought and its reception, followed by a somewhat shorter commentary delivered by another scholar in the same field. This basic format has been retained, but a number of the commentaries have been extended or rewritten and an entirely new piece by Kurt Meist has been commissioned for the purpose of this collection. The volume includes studies of the Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion and the Phenomenology, as well as pieces dealing with the theological relevance of Hegel's philosophy of history and Kierkegaard's attack on Hegel. It con­ cludes with an examination of the relevance of Hegel's doctrine of absolute Spirit to the modern defence of his philosophy as a whole.
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  • 23
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401132343
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 199 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 46
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Philosophy, modern ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: 2: The Problem of Sentential Unity -- 2.1 The Asymmetry Thesis -- 2.2 The Related Designation Theory -- 2.3 The Two Views Compared -- 3: The Sense-Reference Distinction -- 3.1 The Sense-Reference Distinction -- 3.2 The Sense-Reference Distinction In Pr?bh?kara -- 3.3 The Sense-Reference Distinction In Buddhist Philosophy Of Language -- 3.4 Related Designation And apoha Semantics -- 4: Talk About the Non-Existent -- 4.1 Are Absences Perceived Or Inferred? -- 4.2 Conceptual Constructions -- 4.3 Affirmation, Denial, And Reference -- 4.4 Talking About The Non-Existent -- 4.5 Objections And Replies -- 4.6 The Alternatives -- References.
    Abstract: What can the philosophy of language learn from the classical Indian philosophical tradition? As recently as twenty or thirty years ago this question simply would not have arisen. If a practitioner of analytic philosophy of language of that time had any view of Indian philosophy at all, it was most likely to be the stereotyped picture of a gaggle of navel­ gazing mystics making vaguely Bradley-esque pronouncements on the oneness of the one that was one once. Much work has been done in the intervening years to overthrow that stereotype. Thanks to the efforts of such scholars as J. N. Mohanty, B. K. Matilal, and Karl Potter, philoso­ phers working in the analytic tradition have begun to discover something of the range and the rigor of classical Indian work in epistemolgy and metaphysics. Thus for instance, at least some recent discussions of personal identity reflect an awareness that the Indian Buddhist tradition might prove an important source of insights into the ramifications of a reductionist approach to personal identity. In philosophy of language, though, things have not improved all that much. While the old stereotype may no longer prevail among its practitioners, I suspect that they would not view classical Indian philoso­ phy as an important source of insights into issues in their field. Nor are they to be faulted for this.
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789401132923
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXI, 198 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée Par H.L. Van Breda et Publiée Souls Le Patronage Des Centres D’ Archives-Husserl 120
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 120
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: Appearance and Sense -- 1. Experiencing and Ideal Intuition -- 2. Pure Consciousness -- 3. The Phenomenological Reduction -- 4. The Problem of Method -- 5. Object, Positum, Concept -- 6. Appearance and Actuality -- 7. Sense and Comprehension -- Conclusion -- Appendix. The Idea of a Fundamental Science -- Translation Glossary.
    Abstract: Despite, or perhaps better by virtue of, its very brevity, Appearance and Sense is a difficult text to read and understand, particularly if we make the attempt independently of Husserl's Ideas I. This is certainly at least in part owing to the intent behind Shpet's work. On the one hand it strives to present Husserl' s latest views to a Russian philosophical audience not yet conversant with and, in all likelihood, not even aware of, his transcendental idealist turn. With this aim any reading would perforce be exacting. Yet, on the other hand, Shpet has made scant concession to his public. Indeed, his text is even more compressed, especially in the crucial areas dealing with the sense-bestowing feature of consciousness, than Husserl' s own. For all that, Shpet has not bequeathed to us simply an abbreviated paraphrase nor a selective commentary on Ideas I, although at many points it is just that. Rather, the text on the whole is a critical engagement with Husserl' s thought, where Shpet among other things refonnulates or at least presents Husserl's phenomenology from the perspective of hoping to illuminate a traditional philosophical problem in a radical manner. Since Husserl's text was published only in 1913 and Shpet's appeared sometime during 1914, the latter must have been conceived, thought through, and written in remarkable haste. Indeed, Shpet had already finished a first draft and was busy with a revision of it by the end of 1913.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401133340
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 222 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 50
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Law—Philosophy. ; Law—History. ; Political science.
    Abstract: 1: Mill And The Right Of Free Expression -- I. Mill’s Concept Of A Right -- II. The Basic Elements Of Mill’s Moral Theory -- III. The Right Of Free Expression -- 2: The Right Of Free Expression -- I. Features Of A Basic Constitutional Right -- II. Philosophical Justifications For Freedom of Expression -- III. The Right Of Free Expression—A New Perspective -- IV. Censorship and Regulation-Crucial Tools of Analysis 23 V. Conclusion -- 3: Symbolic Conduct And Freedom Of Speech -- I. The Nature Of Symbolic Conduct -- II. The Argument For Protection -- III. Objections And Replies -- IV. Legal Doctrines Needed -- 4: Judicial Review, Constitutionally Protected Rights, And Democracy -- I. Principles Used In Deciding Constitutional Questions -- II. The Role Of The Constitution In Protecting 51 Basic -- 5: Some Aspects Of Legal Reasoning Concerning Constitutionally Protected Rights -- I. Constitutionally Protected Rights And Values Esssential To A Democracy -- II. The Courts Protection Of Fundamental Rights -- 6: ‘Law And Order’ And Civil DISOBEDIENCE -- I. Law, Regularity And Security -- II. Disorder -- III. Replies To Objections -- 7: Paternalism And Autonomy -- I. Mill’s Concept of Happiness -- II. Mill’s Conception of Justice and Rights -- III. Further Development of Mill’s Theory -- IV. Paternalism and Autonomy -- 8: Sex Role Change And Autonomy -- 9: Racial And Sex-Role Stereotyping In The Media: An Analysis -- 10: The Differences In The Cases For And Against Preferential Treatment Based On Sex And Those Based On Race -- 11: Pornography, Sex, And Censorship -- I. Objections To Pornography: Conflicting Views On Sex -- II. The Response To Conservative Objections -- 12: Pornography, Feminism, And Censorship -- I. The Feminist Objections To Pornography -- II. Response To The Arguments -- III. Conclusions -- 13: Gratitude -- I. The Duty To Show Gratitude -- II. What Does Gratitude Express -- III. The Significance Of Gratitude For Moral Philosophy -- 14: Love, Friendship, And Utility: On Practical Reason And Reductionism -- I. Love and Friendship -- II. Utilitarianism -- III. Practical Reasoning and Reductivist Explanation -- Bibliography Of Fred Berger’s Work -- Index Of Names -- Index Of Subjects.
    Abstract: In the essays that follow, Fred Berger argues for freedom of expression, civil disobedience, affirmative action and what he calls liberal judicial activism and against sex-role stereotyping, paternalism and the censorship of pornography. Underlying his liberalism is a unified theory. That theory consists of a conception of rights, a theory of value and a theory of government. The conception of a right that Berger defends derives from J ohn Stuart Mill and is captured by what he calls "the rights­ formula": to have a right is to have important interests that society ought to protect as a matter of general rule (pp. 2, 7, 17-18, 19, 95). Since rights are to be protected by general rule, case-by-case consideration of consequences is ruled out (pp. 3, 18, 96) and neither modest increases in the general welfare, nor majority opinion, can justify the violation of a right (pp. 14-15; 17-18). Berger combines this view of the nature of a right with an objective theory of value according to which the important interests that ought to be protected are ones that people have "whether they know them or not, whether they desire that in which they have an interest or not" (p.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789401132985
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 246 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sovietica 55
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Regional planning ; History ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Ethnology. ; Culture.
    Abstract: ONE George Plekhanov’s Theory of Knowledge -- I. The Formative Years -- II. Against Revisionism -- III. Deba’tes And Other Developments -- TWO Philosophical Influences on Plekhanov’s Theory of Knowledge -- I. The History Of Ma l’erialism -- II. Spinoza -- III. The Eighteenth- Century Materialists -- IV. The Non-Materialists’ Contribution: Kant And The German Idealists -- V. Ludwig Feuerbach -- VI. Feuerbach In Russia: Nikolaj Chernyshevsky -- THREE The Scientific Referents of Plekhanov’s Theory of Knowledge -- I. Physiology In Russian Culture At The End Of The Nineteenth Century -- II. Ivan M. Secenov -- III. Plekhanov And The Natural Sciences -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Appendix: Plekhanov’s Theory of Knowledge in Soviet Studies.
    Abstract: 1. One of the most outstanding leaders within Second International Marxism, George Plekhanov has interested Western scholars primarily as a historical and political figure, specifically as the first full-fledged Marxist among the Russian intelligentsia. At the end of the nineteenth century he was the leader in putting Russian progressive culture in touch with Western Marxism, breaking away from Populism and, at the same time, resuming materialistic tradition within Russian progressive thought. Among Russian revolutionaries, a few others to be sure had been interested in Marx before Plekhanov. The translations of some of Marx' works into Russian show this clearly. In 1869 Mikhail Bakunin translated The Communist Manifesto. Three years later Nikolaj Daniel'son, a populist, completed the first foreign-language version of the first book of Marx' Capital and within six months about a thousand copies had been sold. In the middle of the 1870's, an 'academic' economist, N. !. Ziber, helped to spread Marx' economic ideas by teaching them in Kiev and writing articles in the journal Slovo, which to some extent influenced Plekhanov's later choices. But it was Plekhanov who first analyzed the Russian situation as a whole in Marxist terms, thereby earning renown as the "Father of Russian Marxism". 1 His writings became the school for a whole generation of revolutionaries. At the beginning respected and venerated, then rejected and criticized, Plekhanov for long held the leadership of Russian Marxism, as its best-known 'Master'.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401578851
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 330 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 213
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: A Philosophical Autobiography -- Selected Correspondence with Geach -- History of Philosophy -- Abelard and Medieval Mereology -- Form, Existence and Essence in Aquinas -- On the Discontinuity of Wittgenstein’s Philosophy -- Possibility, Plenitude and Determinism -- Logic -- Plural and Pleonetetic Quantification -- On a Queer Pattern of Argument -- Geach and the Methodology of the Logical Study of Natural Language -- Natural Deduction and Ordinary Language Discourse Structure Identity -- Does Quantification Involve Identity? -- Conceptual Surroundings of Absolute Identity -- On Sameness and Selfhood -- Philosophy of Religion -- Philosophical Confusion and Sin -- On Improving Christianity -- Replies -- Bibliography of Works of P. T. Geach.
    Abstract: The present volume owes its existence to a proposal of Dr Esa Saarinen. Our aim was to celebrate the work of a living philosopher by presenting it both from his own point of view, through the medium of a philosophical autobiography, and from that of his closest philo­ sophical colleagues and adversaries. We felt that a philosophical career lived through vigorous controversy was best reflected not by adulation but in the spirit of that career - by open debate. Contributors were not constrained in their choice of topic, but their contributions fell naturally into groups linked with some of Peter Geach's principal areas of interest, and we have so grouped them in the book. There is an interweaving of biographical and philosophical themes, not only in Peter Geach's philosophical autobiography, but also in the introductions he has contributed to each section. Professor W. V. O. Quine's contribution, which consists of extracts from his correspondence with Peter Geach, has been set apart as it forms a natural bridge between Peter Geach's autobiography and the contri­ butions that follow. Their correspondence reproduced here throws new light on many familiar themes from the writings of both philosophers: among them, the objects of belief and other attitudes, issues in set theory, the nature of causality, and evolution in epistemology.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9780585288482
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiii, 184 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Clinical Medical Ethics 3
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Medicine ; Economics ; Ethics. ; Medical sciences. ; Economics.
    Abstract: Overview -- A Bit of History -- Economic Forces, Clinical Constraints -- Fiscal Scarcity: Challenging Fidelity -- The Limits and Obligations of Fidelity: Resource Use -- The Obligations and Limits of Fidelity: Physicians’ Professional Services -- The New Medical Ethics of Medicine’s New Economics.
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  • 29
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9780585271811
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (viii, 153 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Clinical Medical Ethics 3
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Medicine ; Economics ; Ethics. ; Medical sciences. ; Economics.
    Abstract: Arguments in Favor of Coercing a Pregnant Woman to Act in the Interests of her Future Child -- Arguments against Legally Requiring a Pregnant Woman to Act in the Interests of her Future Child -- Practical Applications.
    Abstract: The issues explored in this book have unfortunately come to be known as 'maternal-fetal conflicts'. The phrase is unsatisfactory because it is misleading: It places the emphasis on the well-being of the fetus instead of on the born child (who will bear the burden of any harm done prenatally); it assumes a conflict between a pregnant women and her offspring (while the issue is usually more complex and more broadly based); and it incorrectly implies that all pregnant women are appropriately regarded as mothers. For these reasons, I have chosen to avoid the phrase 'matern- fetal conflict' altogether, and will instead speak in terms of 'preventable prenatal harm'. I mention this at the outset, for those of you familiar with 'maternal-fetal conflicts' who might be wondering if I am addressing the same issues. Yes. But I am trying to look at them in a new - and I hope more fruitful - way. I would like to thank the other participants in the Hastings Center's maternal-fetal project - especially those who disageed with me - for being so thought-provoking. And I owe a lasting debt of gratitude to Henry Ruth and Allen Buchanan for their invaluable counsel.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789401134927
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xviii, 214 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Episteme, A Series in the Foundational, Methodological, Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological, and Political Aspects of the Sciences, Pure and Applied 18
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Philosophy of nature ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy. ; Logic. ; Philosophy of nature. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Reductionism as Negation of the Scientific Spirit -- The Power and Limits of Reduction -- Theory of Antireductionist Arguments:The Bohr Case Study -- A Short History of Emergence and Reductionism -- The Technical Problem of “Full Abstractness” as a Model for an Issue in Reductionism -- A Neutral Reduction: Analytical Method and Positivism -- Reductionism and Reduction in Logic and in Mathematics -- Reductionism in Biology -- Reductionism: Palaver without Precedent -- Must a Science of Artificial Intelligence be Necessarily Reductionist? -- Can Psychological Software be Reduced to Physiological Hardware? -- On the Problem of Reducing Value-Components in Epistemology -- Index Of Names.
    Abstract: The topic to which this book is devoted is reductionism, and not reduction. The difference in the adoption of these two denominations is not, contrary to what might appear at first sight, just a matter of preference between a more abstract (reductionism) or a more concrete (reduction) terminology for indicating the same sUbject matter. In fact, the difference is that between a philosophical doctrine (or, perhaps, simply a philosophical tenet or claim) and a scientific procedure. Of course, this does not mean that these two fields are separated; they are only distinct, and this already means that they are also likely to be interrelated. However it is useful to consider them separately, if at least to better understand how and why they are interconnected. Just to give a first example of difference, we can remark that a philosophical doctrine is something which makes a claim and, as such, invites controversy and should, in a way, be challenged. A scientific procedure, on the other hand, is something which concretely exists, and as such must be first of all described, interpreted, understood, defined precisely and analyzed critically; this work may well lead to uncovering limitations of this procedure, or of certain ways of conceiving or defining it, but it does not lead to really challenging it.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9789401137386
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXI, 130 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Episteme, A Series in the Foundational, Methodological, Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological, and Political Aspects of the Sciences, Pure and Applied 16
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: On Truth -- Introduction: Logical Values -- I. The Nature of Truth -- II. The Coherence Theory of Truth -- III. Judgment -- IV. Knowledge and Opinion -- V. Judgment and Time -- Appendix I: Older Draft Versions -- Introductory -- I. The Nature of Truth -- II. The Coherence Theory of Truth -- III. Judgment -- V. Judgment and Time -- Appendix II: Supplemental Material -- 1. The Nature of Proportions (1921) -- 2. “On Justifying Induction”: Paper to the Society (1922) -- 3. “The Long and Short of It” -- Name Index.
    Abstract: The present publication forms part of a projected book that F. P. Ramsey drafted but never completed. It survived among his papers and ultimately came into the possession of the University of Pittsburgh in the circumstances detailed in the Editor's Introduction. Our hope in issuing this work at this stage - some sixty years after Ramsey's premature death at the age of 26 - is both to provide yet another token of his amazing philosophical creativity, and also to make available an important datum for the still to be written history of the development of philosophical analysis. This is a book whose appearance will, we hope and expect, be appreciated both by those interested in linguistic philosophy itself and by those concerned for its historical development in the present century. EDITORS'INTRODUCTION 1. THE RAMSEY COLLECTION Frank Plump ton Ramsey (22 February 1903 -19 January 1930) was an extra­ ordinary scholarly phenomenon. Son of a distinguished mathematician and President of Magdalene College, Cambridge and brother of Arthur Michael, eventual Archbishop of Canterbury, Ramsey was closely connected with Cambridge throughout his life, ultimately becoming lecturer in Mathematics in the University. Notwithstanding his great mathematical talent, it was primarily logic and philosophy that engaged his interests, and he wrote original and important contributions to logic, semantics, epistomology, probability theory, philosophy of science, and economics, in addition to seminal work in the foundations of mathematics.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401131667
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IV, 321 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Sovietica 56
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Regional planning ; Philosophy—History. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Ethnology. ; Culture.
    Abstract: Translators’ Note -- Biographical Sketch -- An Analysis of Chaadaev’s Major Ideas -- The Philosophical Letters Addressed to a Lady -- Letter I -- Letter II -- Letter III -- Letter IV -- Letter V -- Letter VI -- Letter VII -- Letter VIII -- The Apologia of a Madman -- Fragments and Diverse Thoughts -- Commentaries and Notes to the Biographical Sketch -- Commentaries and Notes to the Analysis of Chaadaev’s Ideas -- Commentaries and Notes to the Philosophical Letters -- Commentaries and Notes to the Apologia of a Madman -- Commentaries and Notes to the Fragments, Articles and Other Letters.
    Abstract: Peter Chaadaev emerges from the pages of history as one of Russia's most provocative and influential thinkers. The purpose of this book is to present the reader with the fIrst English translation of most of his philosophical writings. During the first half of the nineteenth century Chaadaev incited a violent polemic concerning the historical significance of Russian culture. His ideas concerning Russia's real mission in the world still provoke controversy in the Soviet Union. In fact, no edition of most of his works has ever been published in the Soviet Union until the Gorbachev era. Our English translation with commentaries was done in the conviction that these writings should be made available to the English-reading public. The background material in this book is expository; we have not attempted to write a complete biographical study of Chaadaev, nor have we tried to offer an analysis of Chaadaev's philosophy. The point of view is simply that of two scholars who admire Chaadaev's insights into philosophy in general, and the philosophy of history, in particular; so the background material has ·been limited to a biographical sketch of Chaadaev and a brief explanation of his major ideas.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789401137362
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 373 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 46
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 46
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: To The Argument Of 1768 -- To The Arguments Of 1770 And 1783 -- On The First Ground Of The Distinction Of Regions In Space (1768) -- Selection From Section 15 Of Dissertation On The Form And Principles Of The Sensible And Intelligible World (1770) -- Selection From The Prolegomena To Any Future Metaphysics (1783) -- On Higher Space -- The Paradox Of Incongruous Counterparts -- Tractatus 6.36111 -- Incongruent Counterparts And Absolute Space -- The Fourth Dimension -- The Ozma Problem And The Fall Of Parity -- The Difference Between Right And Left -- Kant Incongruous Counterparts, And The Nature Of Space And Space-Time -- Hands, Knees, And Absolute Space -- Incongruous Counterparts, Intrinsic Features, And The Substantiviality Of Space -- Incongruent Counterparts -- Showing And Telling: Can The Difference Between Right And Left Be Explained In Words? -- Right, Left, And The Fourth Dimension -- On the Other Hand...: A Reconsideration of Kant, Incongruent Counterparts, and Absolute Space -- Replies To Sklar And Earman -- Kant On Incongruent Counterparts -- The Role of Incongruent Counterparts in Kant’s Transcendental Idealism -- Incongruent Counterparts And Things In Themselves -- Contemporary Contributors.
    Abstract: Incongruent counterparts are objects that are perfectly similar except for being mirror images of each other, such as left and right human hands. Immanuel Kant was the first great thinker to point out the philosophical significance of such objects. He called them "counter­ parts" because they are similar in nearly every way, "incongruent" because, despite their similarity, one could never be put in the place of the other. Three important discussions of incongruent counterparts occur in Kant's writings. The first is an article published in 1768, 'On the First Ground of the Distinction of Regions in Space', in which Kant con­ tended that incongruent counterparts furnish a refutation of Leibniz's relational theory of space and a proof of Newton's rival theory of absolute space. The second is a section of his Inaugural Dissertation, published two years later in 1770, in which he cited incongruent counterparts as showing that our knowledge of space must rest on intuitions. The third is a section of the Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics of 1783, in which he cited incongruent counterparts as a paradox resolvable only by his own theory of space as mind-dependent. A fourth mention in the Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science of 1786 briefly repeats the Prolegomena point. Curiously, there is no mention of incongruent counterparts in either of the editions (1781 and 1787) of Kant's magnum opus, the Critique of Pure Reason.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401137065
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 135 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 30
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Ontology ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1: Initial Assumptions -- 2: The Standard Theory of Past, Present, and Future -- 3: The Non-Standard Theory of Past, Present, and Future -- 4: Past, Present, Future and Time -- 5: Past, Present, Future and Existence -- 6: Past, Present, Future and Becoming -- 7: Other Theories of Past, Present, and Future -- Appendix: Point-Eventism.
    Abstract: This book is dedicated to the memory of Professor Henryk Mehlberg, primarily because I want to recall his name to readers in the West; for, although Professor Mehlberg was the foremost Polish philosopher in the field of philosophy of time-in that version which is related to twentieth­ century physics-his fundamental work concerning time was published in English 43 years after its original publication (cf. Mehlberg, 1980). I am deeply indebted to Henryk Mehlberg. For two years after the Second World War, I was his student at Wroclaw University (where he lectured on philosophy and mathematical logic). At that time, I developed, under his influence, a long-life fascination with the philosophy of time, and was taught by him how to approach these problems effectively. My research in this field has resulted in three books. The first, Prop­ erties of Time, published (in Polish) in 1970, concerns the topological properties and properties of symmetry (homogeneity and anisotropy) of time. The second, The Nature of Time, published (in Polish) in 1975, looks at possible definitions of time within both theories of relativity. The present book is the third, originally published (in Polish) in 1979; it concerns philosophical problems of past, present, and future and is here presented in English to reach a wider audience.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401133388
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 493 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Episteme, A Series in the Foundational, Methodological, Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological, and Political Aspects of the Sciences, Pure and Applied 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Ethics ; Public health ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Bioethics. ; Medicine—Philosophy.
    Abstract: One: An Evolutionary View of Ethics, Rights and the Doctor-Patient Relationship -- 1. Ethical Theory -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Philosophical Considerations -- 3. Biological Considerations -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Conclusions -- 2. Dual Evolution: Ethics, The Law, Rights -- 1. Ethics and the Law -- 2. The Concept of Rights -- 3. Conclusions -- 3. Bases for Medical Ethics -- 1. Origin of Medical Ethics and the Doctor-Patient Relationship -- 2. Rights and the Practice of Medicine -- 3. Summary and Conclusions -- Summary and Conclusion to Part One -- Two: A Physician’s Perspective on Problems In Medical Ethics (From an Evolutionary Ethical Point of View) -- 4. Public Health Policy and Rights (AIDS) -- 1. Introduction to the Problem -- 2. Testing for HIV -- 3. Problems in AIDS Control -- 4. Conclusions -- 5. Public Health Policy and Individual Rights (DRUGS) -- 1. Drug Addictions (and Alcoholism) -- 2. Drugs in Sports -- 6. Public Health Policy and Individual Rights (Continued) -- 1. Rights and Psychiatry -- 2. Rights of the Handicapped and Disabled -- 3. Testing for Genetic Disease -- 7. Experimentation and Research -- 1. Research on Humans -- 2. Animal Experimentation -- 3. Biotechnology (Genetic Engineering) -- 4. The Human Genome -- 8. Problems of Reproduction - Abortion (with notes on contraception) -- 1. Discussion and Conclusions -- 9. Problems of Reproduction - Artificial Conception -- 1. Artificial Reproduction -- 2. Population Problems -- 3. Discussion and Conclusions (abortion, artificial conception and population problems) -- 10. Dying -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Infanticide -- 3. Euthanasia -- 4. Discussion and Conclusions -- 11. Transplantation (with additional notes on the rationing of medical care) -- 1. Transplantations -- 2. Discussion -- 3. Rationing -- Summary and Conclusions to Part Two -- References.
    Abstract: The subject of medical ethics is always current and offers an inviting theme, particularly for anyone who has spent his life in medical practice. But the subject of ethics is impossible to deal with unless one first asks its purposes. Therefore, this book is divided into two parts, the first comprehends theoretical considerations and the second, pragmatic and empirical data on, and discussions of, current problems. Part One will be of greater interest to moral philosophers, philosophers and historians of science, and social scientists. Part Two should have greater appeal to physicians, medical students and medical planners. Nevertheless, it is hoped that the latter will look into Part One for the justification of the conclusions the author could reach on the material presented in Part Two. Likewise, it will become obvious why it is believed the solutions of many, if not most, ethical dilemmas are not always discernible at a given moment in time. Also, those who are more concerned with the theoretical material of Part One might find its application to current real-life problems interesting. It should not be too much to hope that the entire book will appeal to many general readers. The bio-ethical problems presented are of frequent and growing personal concern, and are discussed almost daily in the news media.
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789401133685
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxii, 413 p) , ill
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 36
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Pragmatism ; Phenomenology . ; Pragmatism. ; Philosophy, Modern.
    Abstract: One Language, Hermeneutics -- Phenomenology as Archeology vs. Contemporary Hermeneutics -- Phenomenology and Hermeneutics -- Ricoeur and Husserl: Towards a Hermeneutic Phenomenology -- Phenomenology and the Deconstruction of Sense -- Can Hermeneutics Respond to the Predicament of Reason? From Husserl to Ricoeur -- On a Linguistic Phenomenology of “Intention” -- The Hermeneutical Derivation of Phenomenology -- Fenomenología, hermenéutica y lenguaje -- Husserl’s Legacy in Derrida’s Grammatological Opening -- La metáfora en el discurso filosófico: A su imagen y semejanza -- Two Husserl’s Legacy in the Postmodern World: Retrieving the Sense of Life -- Husserl’s Legacy in the Postmodern World -- Beyond Husserl: Bracketing “All Possible Worlds” -- Contemporary Irrationalism and the Betrayal of Husserl’s Legacy -- The Constructive Critique of Reason -- Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka’s Philosophical Attitude towards Contemporary Problems of the Relation Between Human Beings and the World -- Creativity and the Critique of Reason -- The Human Condition and the Specifically Human Significance of Life in the Philosophy of Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka -- The Unity of Being and Individualization: A Metaphysical Odyssey -- World, Praxis, and Reason -- The African and the Task of Becoming a Phenomenologist -- Three Husserl and other Philosophers -- Landgrebe’s School of Phenomenology -- Phenomenological Paths to Metaphysics -- Phenomenological Convergences between Fichte and Husserl -- Husserl and Levinas: Transformations of the Epoche -- The Body as the Union of the Psychic and the Physical in Bergson and Merleau-Ponty -- Das Problem der transzendentalen Reduktion in der phänomenologischen Ontologie von Sartre -- Husserl’s Concept of “Intentionally” as the Starting Point for Sartre’s Thinking -- The Husserlian Legacy in the Philosophy of Existence: Comments on Methodology -- The Character and Limits of Sartre’s Reading of Husserl -- The Philosophy of Zubiri as a Phenomenological Philosophy -- Husserlian “Reduction” Seen from the Perspective of Phenomenological “Life” in the Ortegan School -- Ortega’s Approach to Husserlian Phenomenology -- Subjectivity between Logic and Life-World -- Index of Names.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401135986
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 466 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 217
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy of nature ; Mathematical physics. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Gravitation.
    Abstract: The Universe as a Scientific and Philosophical Problem -- The Geometric Structure of the Universe -- Superstring Unification and the Existence of Gravity -- The Universe of Modern Science and its Philosophical Exploration -- From Molecules to Life -- Meta-Neuroanatomy: The Myth of the Unbounded Main/Brain -- Emergence and Reduction in Morphogenetic Theories -- What can we know about the Universe? -- The Universe as a Scientific Object -- General Laws of Nature and The Uniqueness of the Universe -- The Anthropic Principle and its Epistemological Status in Modern Physical Cosmology -- Evolutionary Ideas and Contemporary Naturalism -- Origin and Evolution of the Universe and Mankind -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: It has often been noted that a kind of double dynamics char- terizes the development of science. On the one hand the progress in every discipline appears as the consequence of an increasing specialization, implying the restriction of the inquiry to very partial fields or aspects of a given domain. On the other hand, an opposite (but one might better say a complementary) trend points towards the construction of theoretical frameworks of great ge- rality, the aim of which seems to correspond not so much to the need of providing «explanations» for the details accumulated through partial investigation, as to the desire of attaining an - rizon of global comprehension of the whole field. This intell- tual dialectics is perceivable in every discipline, from mathe- tics, to physics, to biology, to history, to economics, to sociology, and it is not difficult to recognize there the presence of the two main attitudes according to which human beings try to make «intelligible» the world surrounding them (including themselves), attitudes which are sometimes called analysis and synthesis. They correspond respectively to the spontaneous inclination which pushes us to try to understand things by seeing «how they are made», in the sense of «looking into them» and breaking them into their constitutive parts, or rather to encompass things in a global picture, where they are accounted for as occupying a place, or playing a role, which are understandable from the point of view of the whole.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401131780
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 230 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée par H.L. Van Breda et Publiée sous le Patronage des Centres D’archives-Husserl 122
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 122
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Metaphysics ; Phenomenology ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: One / The Critique of Relativism in the Prolegomena to the Logical Investigations -- 1. The Prolegomena Critique -- 2. Relativism Reconsidered -- Two / The Critique of Historicism and Weltanschauung Philosophy in “Philosophy as Rigorous Science” -- 1. The Critique of Historicism -- 2. The Defense of Philosophy as a Science -- Three / The Phenomenological Elucidation of Truth: Between Skepticism and Relativism -- 1. Cartesian Objectivism and the Epistemic Critique -- 2. Truth and Evidenz in the Prolegomena -- 3. Truth and Evidenz in the Sixth Investigation -- 4. Truth and Evidenz in Ideas I -- 5. Summary and Provisional Conclusions -- Four / Phenomenology and the Absolute -- 1. Transcendental Phenomenology and the Path to Absolute Evidenz -- 2. Adequacy and Apodicticity -- 3. Intersubjectivity: A First Approach -- Five / Relativism and the Lifeworld -- 1. Historical Introduction: The ‘Turn’ to the Lifeworld -- 2. The Plurality and Relativity of the Lifeworld -- 3. The Lifeworld and Truth -- 4. The Priority of the Lifeworld -- 5. The Phenomenological Overcoming of Relativism -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: The question of relativism is a perennial one, and as fundamental and far­ reaching as the question of truth itself. Is truth absolute and universal, the same everywhere and for everyone? Or is truth historically, culturally, biologically, or otherwise relative, varying from one epoch or species to another? Although the issues surrounding relativism have attracted especially intense interest of late, they continue to spark heated controversies and to pose problems lacking an obvious resolution. On the side of one prevalent form of relativism, it is argued that we must finally recognize the historical and cultural contingency of our available means of cognition, and therefore abandon as naIve the absolute conception of truth dear to traditional philosophy. According to this line of thinking, even if there were univer­ sally valid principles, knowledge of them would not be possible for us, and thus an absolute conception of truth must be rejected in light of the demands of critical epistemology. However, when truth is accordingly relativized to some contingent subjective cognitive background, new difficulties arise. One of the most infamous of these is the logical inconsistency of the resulting thesis of relativism itself. Yet an even more serious problem is that the relativization of truth makes truth itself contingent, thereby undermining the motivation for preferring one belief or value to another, or even to its opposite.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401133524
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 318 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 41
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Logic
    Abstract: 1. Ethics and the Limits of Consistency -- 2. Negative Values -- 3. Whatever Happened to Deontic Logic -- 4. The Ethical Root of Language -- 5. The Principle of Transcendence and the Foundation of Axiology -- 6. Deontic Logic and Imperative Logic -- 7. Against Tolerating the Intolerable -- 8. Winning Against and With the Opponent -- 9. Meaning—Norms and Objectivity -- 10. On the Logic of Practical Evaluation -- 11. The Deductive Model in Ethics -- 12. Truth—Value of Ethical Statements: Some Philosophical Implications of the Model—Theoretic Defintion of Truth -- 13. On Subjective Appreciation of Objective Moral Points -- 14. On Fair Distribution of Indivisible Goods -- 15. Needs and Values.
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789401137621
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 365 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 33
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Aesthetics ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: I Aesthetics of the Performing Arts: Different Phenomenological Perspectives -- The Theory of Drama and Theatre: A Continuing Investigation of the Aesthetics of Roman Ingarden -- On the Sign Character of the Representing Stratum in a Film as Work of Art -- II Roman Ingarden: Some new Developments in his Scholarship -- The Temporal Composition of the Literary Work of Art and the Reader’s Aesthetic Temporality -- The Mystery of Time in Roman Ingarden’s Philosophy -- Thomas de Quincey and Roman Ingarden: The Phenomenology of the “Literature of Power” -- On Translations (Tr. by Jolanta Wawrzycka) -- III Around the ‘Passions of the Soul’ -- Grand Passions of Humble Folk: “Woyzeck” and “The Jews’ Beech” -- The Enigma of Interpretation in Chagall’s Disposition of Space -- Erotic Modes of Discourse: The Union of Mythos and Dialectic in Plato’s Phaedrus -- The Man of Genius as Artist — Suffering and World Conscience -- The Erotic Phenomenology in Kierkegaard’s Mozart -- The Agamemnon: A Drama of the Passions -- Narrative Time as Interpretation of Human Existence: “Valence” in the Present of The Ambassadors -- IV Philosophical Views Reflected in Literature -- Le langage de la création esthétique dans la phenomenology -- Unity in Vedic Aesthetics: The Self-Interacting Dynamics of the Knower, the Known, and the Process of Knowing -- An Approach to the Structure of the Japanese Elegy, in the Case of Yamanouë No Okura, a Representative Poet of Mannyoshu (The First Collection of Japanese Poetry) -- Fantastic Phenomenology -- Philosophic Filaments in Literature in English: Wordsworth to Pound -- Index of Names.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789401134583
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 276 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Political science. ; Sociology. ; Law—Philosophy. ; Law.
    Abstract: A. Theoretical Bases -- I. Elements of Institutional Legal Positivism -- II. Towards a Formal-Teleological Theory of Action -- III. The Significance of Logic for Modern Legal Theory. Fundamental Problems of Institutionalist Normativism -- B. Treatises on Legal Theory and Legal Sociology -- IV. Ontology, Hermeneutics and the Concept of Valid Law -- V. Constitutional Theory in the Light of the New Institutionalism -- VI. The Formal-teleological Theory of Action and Criminal Law -- VII. Institutional Theory and Institutional Legal Positivism -- VIII. Sociology and the Normative Institutional Theory. Reflections on Helmut Schelsky’s Institutional Theory from the Point of View of the Normative Institutional Ontology -- C. Treatises on Legal Politics and Theory Of Justice -- IX. Legal-Political Analysis of Institutions -- X. The Conditio Humana and the Ideal of Justice -- Original Sources.
    Abstract: It gives me great pleasure to offer this foreword to the present work of my admired friend and respected colleague Ota Weinberger. Apart from the essays of his which were published in our joint work An Institutional Theory of Law: New Approaches to Legal Positivism in 1986, relatively little of Wein­ berger's work is available in English. This is the more to be regretted, since his is work of particular interest to jurists of the English-speaking world both in view of its origins and in respect of its content As to its origins, Weinberger war reared as a student of the Pure Theory of Law, a theory which in its Kelsenian form has aroused very great interest and has had considerable influence among anglophoone scholars -perhaps even more than in the Germanic countries. Less well known is the fact that the Pure Theory itself divided into two schools, that of Vienna and that of Brno. It was in the Brno school of Frantisek Weyr that Weinberger's legal theory found its early formation, and perhaps from that early influence one can trace his continuing insistence on the dual character of legal norms -both as genuinely normative and yet at the same time having real social existence.
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789401134644
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXIX, 557 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 34
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: Inaugural Studies the Turning Points of the New Phenomenological Era -- Life, the Critique of Reason, Embodied Subjectivity, the Human Being, the Societal World, Nature, the Creative Experience -- Phenomenology of Life and the New Critique of Reason: From Husserl’s Philosophy to the Phenomenology of Life and of the Human Condition -- The Construction of Subjectivity -- Husserl and the Anthropological Vocation of Phenomenology -- Was ist und was leistet eine phänomenologische Theorie der sozialen Welt? Anmerkungen zur Sozialtheorie von Hegel und Husserl -- Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka’s Phenomenology of Creative Experience and the Critique ofReason -- Nature and the “Primal Horizon” -- One Husserl Research: Foundational Questions of Husserl’s Thought Revisited -- La Science des phénomènes et la critique de la décision phénoménologique -- Variation -- The Phenomenology of Edmund Husserl and the Natural Sciences — Juxtaposition or Cooperation? -- Husserl und die Vorstruktur des Bewusstseins — Eine rekonstruktive Überlegung von dem strukturalen Gesichtspunkt -- The Organizing Principle of the Cognitive Process or the Mode of Existence: Husserl’s and Ingarden’s Concepts of Attitude -- The Archeology of Modalization in Husserl: From Analogies to Passive Synthesis -- In Continuity: A Reflection on the Passive Synthesis of Sameness -- Phenomenology as a Methodological Research Program -- Psychologism and Description in Husserl’s Phenomenology -- Two The Constitution of Meaning and Objectivity -- Some Puzzles on Essence -- Method and Ontology: Reflections on Edmund Husserl -- The Meaning of Thought’s Nearness to Meaning in Husserlian Phenomenology -- Foundedness and Motivation -- The Ontological Pre-conditions of Understanding and the Formation of Meaning -- Philosophy as a Sign-Producing Activity: The Metastable Gestalt of Intentionality -- Perceptual Consciousness, Materiality, and Idealism -- A Naturalistic and Evolutionary Account of Content -- Three Reason and Rationality -- Husserl vs. Dilthey — A Controversy over the Concept of Reason -- Husserl’s Critique of Reason -- Is There a Dichotomy in Husserl’s Thought? -- Phenomenology and Teleology: Husserl and Fichte -- La Phénoménologie refuse l’abstraction et la formalization -- The Foundationalist Conflict in Husserl’s Rationalism -- Four Intuition, Phenomenological Reduction, and Certainty -- Die Selbstintentionalität der Welt -- L’“Exigence d’une phénoménologie asubjective” et la noematique -- Notes on Husserl and Kant -- Husserl and the Heritage of Transcendental Philosophy -- On Contradiction -- The Meaning of ‘Radical Foundation’ in Husserl: The Outline of an Interpretation -- What Is a Phenomenon? The Concept of Phenomenon in Husserl’s Phenomenology -- The Debate between Husserl and Voigt Concerning the Logic of Content and Extensional Logic -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: orbit and far beyond it. Indeed, the immense, painstaking, indefatigable and ever-improving effort of Husserl to find ever-deeper and more reliable foundations for the philosophical enterprise (as well as his constant critical re-thinking and perfecting of the approach and so­ called "method" in order to perform this task and thus cover in this source-excavation an ever more far-reaching groundwork) stands out and maintains itself as an inepuisable reservoir for philosophical reflec­ tion in which all the above-mentioned work has either its core or its source. In fact, in his undertaking to re-think the entire philosophical enterprise as such and to recreate philosophy upon what he sought to be at least a satisfactorily legitimated basis, Husserl, through his already systematised and "authorized" work, and his courses, and later on in his spontaneous reflection (which did not find its way into a definitive corpus but was nevertheless sufficiently coherent with his previously established body of thought to be considered a continuation of it), uncovers perspectives upon the universe of man and projects their new philosophical thematisation that brings together all the attempts by philosophers (e. g. , Merleau-Ponty, who drew upon this material and found there his own inspiration) who succeeded him with foundational intentions; it also gives a core of philosophical ideas and insights for the youngergenerationofphilosophers today.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9780585282954
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (ix,380 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 38
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Economics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Economics. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: The Rhetoric of Rights and Justice in Health Care -- The Rhetoric of Rights and Justice in Health Care -- Rights to Health Care: The Development of the Concept -- The Right to Health Care: Reflections on Its History and Politics -- The Right to Health Care: Presentation and Critique -- The Right to Health Care in a Capitalistic Democracy -- Justice and the Right to Health Care: An Egalitarian Account -- Rights to Health Care: Created, Not Discovered -- Why the Right to Health Care is Not a Useful Concept for Policy Debates -- A Qualified Right to Health Care: Toward a Notion of a Decent Minimum -- Rights, Reforms, and the Health Care Crisis: Problems and Prospects -- Rights, Obligations, and the Special Importance of Health Care -- Access to Health Care: Charity and Rights -- Equality, Free Markets, and the Elderly -- Equal Opportunity and Health Care Rights for the Elderly -- Free Markets, Consumer Choice, and the Poor: Some Reasons for Caution -- My Right to Care for my Health — And What About the Needy and the Elderly? -- Health Care as a Commodity -- Should Medicine be a Commodity? An Economist’s Perspective -- The Profit Motive in Kant and Hegel -- Virtue for Hire: Some Reflections on Free Choice and the Profit Motive in the Delivery of Health Care -- Rights, Public Policy, and the State.
    Abstract: Human existence is marked by pain, limitation, disability, disease, suffering, and death. These facts of life and of death give ample grounds for characterizing much of the human condition as unfortunate. A core philosophical question is whether the circumstances are in addition unfair or unjust in the sense of justifying claims on the resources, time, and abilities of others. The temptation to use the languages of rights and of justice is und- standable. Faced with pain, disability, and death, it seems natural to complain that "someone should do something", "this is unfair", or "it just isn't fight that people should suffer this way". Yet it is one thing to complain about the unfairness of another's actions, and another thing to complain about the unfairness of biological or physical processes. If no one is to blame for one's illness, disability, or death, in what sense are one's unfortunate circumstances unfair or unjust? How can claims against others for aid and support arise if no one has caused the unfortunate state of affairs? To justify the languages of fights to health care or justice in health care requires showing why particular unfortunate circumstances are also unfair, in the sense of demanding the labors of others. It requires understanding as well the limits of property claims. After all, claims regarding justice in health care or about fights to health care limit the property fights of those whose resources will be used to provide care.
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789401131827
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 331 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in RB [Rezension von: Uebel, Thomas E., Rediscovering the Forgotten Vienna Circle] 1992
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 133
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 133
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Introductory Essay -- 1. Otto Neurath and the Neurath Reception: Puzzle and Promise -- I. The Case of Neurath and the History and Historiography of Science and Philosophy -- 2. On Otto Neurath -- 3. History and the System of Science in Otto Neurath -- 4. On the Historiography of Austrian Philosophy -- 5. Aspects of the Social Background and Position of the Vienna Circle at the University of Vienna -- II. Neurath as a Metatheoretician: Epistemology and Methodology -- 6. The Philosopher Otto Neurath -- The Early Neurath -- 7. The First Vienna Circle -- 8. On Neurath’s Writings on Logic, Ethics and Physics -- 9. The Neurath Principle: Its Grounds and Consequences -- Neurath and the Vienna Circle -- 10. Metaphysics in the Vienna Circle -- 11. Ethics and the Problem of Value in the Vienna Circle -- 12. Otto Neurath—Moritz Schlick: On the Philosophical and Political Antagonisms in the Vienna Circle -- 13. Neurath contra Schlick. On the Discussion of Truth in the Vienna Circle -- 14. On Neurath’s Empiricism and his Critique of Empiricism -- 15. Two Ways of Experiential Justification -- Applications -- 16 Otto Neurath’s Contribution to the Theory of the Social Sciences -- 17. Sociological Thought with Otto Neurath -- 18. Neurath’s Theory of Pictorial-Statistical Representation -- III. Neurath as Politician of Knowledge: The Partisanship of Enlightenment -- 19. Otto Neurath: Encyclopedist, Adult Educationalist and School Reformer -- 20. Otto Neurath and Adult Education: Unity of Science, Materialism and Comprehensive Enlightenment -- 21. The Unity of Planned Economy and the Unity of Science -- 22. Otto Neurath’s Utopias—The Will to Hope -- Name Index.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401133807
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 214 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Clinical Medical Ethics 2
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Neurosciences ; Ethics
    Abstract: One: Introduction -- Two: Treatment Refusal and the Patient’s Choice: Foundations in History, Law, and Ethics -- Three: The “Future Factor”: Conceptual Foundations of Advance Directives -- Four: Advance Directives: Current Forms, Legal Fears, Moral Goals -- Five: When Choices Fail -- Six: The Forecast for Advance Directives: Indispensable or Superfluous? -- Bibliography: Books and Articles -- Bibliography: Cases and Statutes -- Appendix: Advance Directive Statutes, State-by-State Listing.
    Abstract: The first time I read the medical consent and authorization. it had registered in my mind simply as a legal document. Now I began to understand what it meant. It was a letter of ultimate love and trust. (Schucking. 1985. p. 268) Ever since Karen Ann Quinlan slipped into permanent unconsciousness in 1975 and her father agonized publicly over whether she should remain indefinitely on a respirator (In re Quinlan, 1976), the desires of patients, their families, and their friends to limit the application of apparently limitless medical technology have been a pressing concern for ethics, law, and public policy. Ms. Quinlan's case contained nearly all the elements of the problems we still face: vague, general, but sincere prior oral statements suggesting that she would not want continued treatment; a family attempting to do what they saw as best for her; and physicians uncertain whether to use medical judgment alone (and if so, what the "right" medical decision was), to preserve her life at all costs, or to honor the family's interpretation of their daughter's choice. Most ironically, once she was removed from her respirator, she did not die. Karen Quinlan - like dozens of other names made famous by court decisions, newspaper stories, and television evening news - has come to symbolize a tangled knot of issues surrounding the end of life and who controls it.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401135948
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 332 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies of Classical India 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Regional planning ; Philosophy, modern ; Performing arts ; Culture. ; Ethnology. ; Theater.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. The Literature of Dance -- 3. The N?tya??stra and the Concept of Dance -- 4. L?sya: A Dramatic Art -- 5. Nrtya and Upar?paka -- 6. Bandha and Anibandha -- 7. The De?? Tradition -- 8. Conclusion.
    Abstract: The most comprehensive view of the evolution of dancing in India is one that is derived from Sanskrit textual sources. These texts are the basic material that students of the dance in India must examine in order to uncover its past. Since the rebirth of informed interest in dancing in early twentieth century, its antiquity has been acknowledged but precisely what the art was in antiquity remains unclear. Discovering the oldest forms of dancing in India requires, as do other historical quests, a reconstruction of the past and, again as in other historical investigations, the primary sources of knowledge are records from the past. In this case the records are treatises and manuals in Sanskrit that discuss and describe dancing. These are the sources that the present work sets out to mine. These texts taken collectively are more than records of a particular state of the art. They testify to the growth of the theory and practice of the art and thus establish it as an evolving rather than a fixed art form that changed as much in response to its own expanding aesthetic boundaries as to parallel or complementary forms of dance, drama and music that impinged upon it as India's social and political situation changed. When we place the Sanskrit treatises in chronological sequence it becomes clear that the understanding of the art has changed through time, in its infancy as well as in maturer periods.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401132763
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 588 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 127
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 127
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: The Tradition -- One: Aristotelian and Platonic Conceptions of Explanation -- Two: Aristotle’s Philosophy of Nature and Theory of Potentiality -- Three: Plato’s Concept of the Actual and His Philosophy of Nature -- II: The Logical Revolution -- Four: The Copernican Harmony -- Five: Bacon’s Informative Logic -- Six: Informativity and Paradox: Galileo’s Conception of the Nature of Physical Reality -- Seven: Descartes’ Informative Logic -- III: Newton’s Physics and its Critics -- Eight: Actual Infinity and Newton’s Calculus -- Nine: Newton’s Logic of Space and Time -- Ten: Modern Newtonian Historiography and the Puzzle of Newton’s Absolute Space -- Eleven: Absolute Motion and the Nature of Inertial Forces -- Twelve: Locke and the Meaning of “Empiricism” -- Thirteen: Newton’s Invention of the Problem of Induction -- Fourteen: Circularity and Newton’s Philosophy of Nature -- Fifteen: Leibniz’s Aristotelian Philosophy of Nature -- Sixteen: Berkeley’s Aristotelian Critique of Newton’s Physics -- Epilogue -- Appendix: Some Basic Ideas in Newton’s Physics -- Notes.
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789401132602
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 245 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy of law ; Ethics ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Law—Philosophy. ; Law—History.
    Abstract: The Analogy between Logic and Dialogic of Law -- Analogy as Legal Reasoning - The Hermeneutic Foundation of the Analogical Procedure -- Milking the Meter - On Analogy, Universalizability and World Views -- The Function of Analogy in Law: Return to Kant and Wittgenstein -- Analogy in Legal Science: Some Comparative Observations -- Legal Analogy between Interpretive Arguments and Productive Arguments -- Legal Knowledge and Meaning (The Example of Legal Analogy) -- Analogical Reasoning and Legal Institutions -- Analogy in the Law.
    Abstract: 3 of law as an object that has always already been there, systematic and com­ plete. Quite the contrary. Some, indeed practically all of us, reject this sort of epistemology of law, and where the hypothesis of the coherence of the legal universe is put forward, this is in order to define it in very noticeably different terms from those traditionally used in legal scholarly accounts. If this referent, the law presented as a full discourses, runs through all of the contributions, this is because reasoning by analogy has to be found its specific place within this legal culture. It is the place to locate the problem of "lacunae" in law, which at bottom allows our various contributions to be classified. With Zaccaria and Maris, the question of lacunae is accepted as such (this is, we might say, the "traditionalist" aspect of these two articles, which is counterbalanced by - keeping to the same terminology - "modernist" emphases, sometimes Dworkinian in nature), and becomes the backdrop for considerations of purely hermeneutic type, in Zaccaria, ex­ tended in Maris to the field of ethics. The papers from Lenoble and Jackson, the former philosophical and the latter semiological, take as their main tar­ get this legal knowledge where the theory of lacunae finds its place.
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789401125802
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 263 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Heidegger and the Formalization of Thought -- The Justification of Logic and Mathematics in Husserl’s Phenomenology -- On Husserl’s Distinction between State of Affairs (Sachverhalt) and Situation of Affairs (Sachlage) -- On Situations and States of Affairs -- Modalization and Modalities -- Remarks on Modalization and Modalities -- Husserl’s Formalism -- Mathematics as a Transcendental Science -- Mathematics and the Task of Phenomenology -- ”Tertium Non Datur:” Husserl’s Conception of a Definite Multiplicity -- Psychologism Revisited -- Some Reflections on Psychologism -- How Mathematical Foundation all but come about: A Report on Studies Toward a Phenomenological Critique of Gödel’s Views on Mathematical Intuition -- On Geometric Intentionality -- Sentences which are True in Virtue of their Color -- Willard and Husserl on Logical Form -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789401137546
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 143 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée Par H.L. Van Breda et Publiée Sous le Patronage DES Centres D’Archives-Husserl 119
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 119
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: I: Husserl’s Phenomenological Philosophy -- The Method of Phenomenological Constitution -- II: De-Construction -- The Impossibility of a Phenomenological Constitution of the Transcendental Ego -- The Impossibility of a Phenomenological Constitution of the Flux of Inner Time Consciousness -- The Impossibility of a Phenomenological Constitution of the Own Body -- The Impossibility of a Phenomenological Constitution of the Other Subject -- III: Re-Construction -- Genetic Ontology -- Select Bibliography -- Name Index.
    Abstract: For some twenty years now, I have been working on a philosophical programme which falls into two parts, a systematic metaphysics, to be entitled Being and Becoming, conceived in the general framework of ontological phenomenology, but employing what I call a 'genetic' methodol­ ogy, and an historical interpretation, designed to support and confirm the ontological philosophy in question. The historical part of the overall programme was originally conceived in the form of an Epochal Interpretation of the history of modern philosophy from Descartes on. Part of the material accumulated towards such an Epochal Interpretation has however been deployed rather differently. First, the Kant material has already been turned into an interpretive transforma­ tion of Kant's Critical Philosophy. Second, the material on Husserl' s Phenomenological Philosophy now forms the basis of the present study. The interpretive transformation of Kant's Critical philosophy was published by Winter Verlag in the context of a Humboldt fellowship. In that work, I took Heidegger's Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics as my model. Like Heidegger, I subjected the Critical Philosophy to an interpre­ tive procedure as a result of which I finished up with structures matching and reflecting the basic structures of my own (genetic) ontology. But I sought to overcome certain limitations inherent in the Heideggerian project.
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789401124843
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 212 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée par H.L. van Breda et Publiée Sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 124
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 124
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: I. Meditation ist Erfahrung Fundierend? -- Abschnitt 1. Das wahrgenommene Dingobjekt: Würfel oder Hexaeder? -- Abschnitt 2. Immanente Wahrnehmung und temporale Horizonte -- Abschnitt 3. Immanente Wahrnehmung oder Reflexion? -- Abschnitt 4. Eidos und Erfahrung -- Abschnitt 5. Das vergessene Vergessen und das verlernte Lernen -- Abschnitt 6. Wesentliche Ambivalenz der wahrnehmenden Erfahrung -- II. Meditation Eine Welt, Viele Welten -- Abschnitt 1. Gibt es eine Erfahrung der Welt? -- Abschnitt 2. Ontische Welt und Welthorizont -- Abschnitt 3. Der offene Horizont -- Abschnitt 4. Vielfalt von Welten -- Abschnitt 5. Welt, Endlichkeit und Faktizität -- Abschnitt 6. Die horizontlose Welt der Wissenschaft -- III. Meditation Ontologie des Zusammenspiels -- Abschnitt 1. Erfahrung und Kontemplation -- Abschnitt 2. Leibliche Erfahrung -- Abschnitt 3. Zusammenspiel und Optimalsituation -- Abschnitt 4. Das Spiel der Hände -- IV. Meditation Konstitution und Zusammenspiel -- Abschnitt 1. Mitkonstituenten und Mitkonstituierende -- Abschnitt 2. Lebenswelt und Praxis -- Abschnitt 3. Normativität der Lebenswelt -- Abschnitt 4. Konstitution einer Umwelt -- Abschnitt 5. Höherstufige Tradition -- Abschnitt 6. Vorläufige Zwischenbetrachtung -- V. Meditation Welt im Widerspruch -- Abschnitt 1. Irrtum, Fehlschlag, Konflikt -- Abschnitt 2. Der Andere und der Fremde -- Abschnitt 3. Heimwelt und Fremdwelt -- Abschnitt 4. Fremde draußen, Fremde drinnen -- Abschnitt 5. Die Fremdwelt als Gegenwelt -- Abschnitt 6. Probleme des relativen Sinnes -- VI. Meditation Naturaler Bereich und Welt des Menschen -- Abschnitt 1. Zusammenspiel und symbiotische Verflechtung -- Abschnitt 2. Welt ohne Wahrheit -- Abschnitt 3. Welt ohne Güte -- VII. Meditation die Dimension der Höhe -- Abschnitt 1. Sinn und Sinngebung -- Abschnitt 2. Symbolisches Verhalten -- Abschnitt 3. Dualismus, Monismus, Exteriorität -- VIII. Meditation Grenzen Einer Transzendentalphilosophie -- Abschnitt 1 Die Eigenart von Husserls transzendentalem Denken -- Abschnitt 2. Ethische Erfahrung -- IX. Meditation Absolute Verantwortung -- Abschnitt 1. Das “desiderium” der Getrennten -- Abschnitt 2. Zusammenspiel und ethische Initiative -- Abschnitt 3. Die Absolutheit der Verantwortung -- Abschnitt 4. Das Sagen als Zuwendung -- X. Meditation Vernunftglaube -- Abschnitt 1. “Ent-täuschung” der wissenschaftlichen Vernunft -- Abschnitt 2. Der Phänomenologe am Scheideweg -- Abschnitt 3. Eine Ethik des Friedens -- Abschnitt 4. Zweierlei Wahrheitsethos -- Abschnitt 5. Ratio militans -- Bibliographie -- Namenregister.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401135641
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 285 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions To Phenomenology, In Cooperation with the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Political science Philosophy ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I -- Renovating the Problem of Politics -- One Central Link Between Merleau-Ponty's Philosophy of Language and His Political Thought -- Merleau Ponty's Political Thought: Its Nature and Its Challenge -- Merleau-Ponty on Politics, History, and Violence -- II -- Relational Freedom and Its Political Consequences -- I and Mine -- The Interpretation of the Human Way of Being and Its Political Implications -- III -- Hope and Its Ramifications for Politics -- The Place of Hope in Politics -- IV -- Politics and Coercion -- Ideology, Utopia, and Responsible Politics -- Does Anarchy Make Political Sense? -- On Institutions and Power: Deconstruction and an Alternative -- Notes.
    Abstract: This collection of essays draws together work done during a period of more than fifteen years. In the course of these years much has changed, including much about politics. Patterns of political activity have been trans­ formed. Ways in which we had been accustomed to construe politics have been substantially modified and sometimes replaced. Some apparently in­ tractable conflicts have been resolved. Other, apparently more manageable, conflicts have shown shocking durability. A number of political doctrines once considered indefinitely serviceable have lost all relevance. And the material and technical resources at our disposal look strikingly different than they did just a few years ago. Practical politics of whatever stripe encounters at every turn ever more grave environmental degradation. But, or so this collection assumes, not everything political has changed. Some political issues, both "theoretical" and "practical," remain persistently trenchant. Questions like the following demand ever renewed consideration. What is the point and worth of belonging to a political community? What entitlements and responsibilities follow upon such membership? Or even more fundamentally, what conditions are required for there to be politics at all? Taken together, the essays collected in this volume propose a way both to understand and to engage in politics which is properly responsive both to perennial political issues and to the peculiar exigencies of our era. Some of them present criticisms of widely held, warmly cherished ways of addressing political matters. Others propose constructive alternatives.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789401133944
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxiii, 454 p) , ill
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 37
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Phenomenology ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Phenomenology . ; Science—Philosophy. ; Ethics. ; History.
    Abstract: One time, Historicity, Culture -- Husserl and Historicism: Fifty Years Later -- The Teleology of the Historical Being in Hartmann and Husserl -- Historical Time, Mind, and Critical Philosophy of History -- Does Man Co-Create Time? -- The Reactivation of the Past as an Ethical Demand on the Phenomenologist -- Hartmann: The Historicity of Cultural Data -- Hombre y Civilizatión: 1492, La Educatión Imposible -- Phenomenology as a Theory of Culture -- Two Husserlian and Posthusserlian Approaches to Aesthetics -- The Methodological Foundations of Phe-nomenological Aesthetics -- Bild und Kunst im Husserls Nachlass -- Aesthetic Concepts of a Phenomeno-logical Origin -- A Poet’s Life and Work in the Perspective of Phenomenology -- On the Quasi-Intentional Nature of Represented Objects in a Film Work of Art -- Three The Life-Significance of Literature and its Interpretation -- Tymieniecka’s Vindication of the Life Significance of Literature. Homo Ludens and Homo Creator: Scapino -- The Enigma of Avant-Gardes -- Phenomenology and the Pragmatics of Literary Realism -- The Reader and the Reality of the Literary Text: Towards the Construction of Aesthetic Meaning -- Art as Communication -- Phenomenology and the Reception of Literary Texts: The Implied Reader as an Element of a Genre -- L’Oeuvre Litteraire, La Construction Interieure et la Reconstruction -- The Hundredlettered Name: Thunder in James Joyce’s Finnegans Wake -- Refiguring Nature: Tropes of Estrangement in Contemporary American Poetry -- Four Metaphysical Issues in Aesthetics -- Anti-Metaphysical Thinking on Art (Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty) -- The Sense of Possibility: On the Ontologico-Eidetic Relevance of the Character (The Experimental Ego) in Literary Experience -- Truth and Untruth in the Museum Exhibition -- Nihilism and Noesis: The Contribution of Phenomenology to the Sartrean Analysis of Flaubert -- Goethe and Schopenhauer: A Phenomenology of the Final Vision in Faust II -- The Tagorean Interpretation of “Ami”: Man’s Self-Esteem -- The Magic of Art in the Magic-Less World -- El Problema Einailogico -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: This collection is the final volume of a four book survey of the state of phenomenology fifty years after the death of Edmund Husserl. Its publication represents a landmark in the comprehensive treatment of contemporary phenomenology in all its vastness and richness. The diversity of the issues raised here is dazzling, but the main themes of Husserl's thought are all either explicitly treated, or else they underlie the ingenious approaches found here. Time, historicity, intentionality, eidos, meaning, possibility/reality, and teleology are the main concerns of this collection devoted to studies in aesthetics, metaphysics and literary interpretation, written by such authors as, among others, R. Cobb-Stevens, C. Moreno Marquez, J. Swiecimski, Sitansu Ray and M. Kronegger. These original studies of phenomenological aesthetics and literary theory by scholars from all parts of the world were gathered by the World Institute for Advanced Phenomenological Research and Learn­ ing during the year 1988/89 during its assessment of the phenomeno­ logical movement, fifty years after Husserl's death. IX A -T. Tymieniecka (ed.), Analecta Husserliana, Vol. XXXVII, ix.
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789401131926
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 577 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 5
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Microeconomics ; Operations research ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: A Unified Utilitarian Theory -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Particular Interpretation of Utilitarianism -- 3 Basic Principles -- 4 A Theory of Value -- 5 Decision-Making and Moral Action -- 6 Moral Judgment and Justification -- 7 Comparisons with Other Theories -- 8 Summary, Refutation of Objections, and a General View -- II: A Utilitarian Theory of Distributive Justice -- 9 The General Distribution Problem and Distributive Justice -- 10 Maximization of Utility and the Objective Function -- 11 The Constraint -- 12 Interpretation of Measures of Deviation From Ideal -- 13 A Proposal of Contribution as a Pattern For Distribution -- 14 Comments on Free-Market, Libertarianism, Nozick and Rawls -- 15 Randomness and Distribution -- 16 Income Tax, Social Welfare, Salary Systems and Private Property -- 17 General Social Welfare Functions and an Overall Picture.
    Abstract: 1.1 Utilitarian Theories This book is a monograph on moral philosophy and social philosophy, particularly the part of the philosophy of economics that is related to the general distribution problem. It presents a comprehensive ethical theory, together with an application of the theory to distributive justice. The viewpoint of this theory is utilitarian. However, this theory is different in some crucial points, as well as in minor details, from all existing forms of utilitarianism. Moral philosophy deals essentially with the moral judgment of actions, i. e., whether a moral action is right or wrong, good or bad. The judgment is usually based on a line of logical reasoning, which can be traced to a final reason called the justification or ultimate principle. An ethical theory is a self-consistent system built upon a basic, or ultimate, principle. An ultimate principle can never be rigorously proven, and is not unique. Different philosophers establish different ethical theories upon different principles. Therefore, in the history of development of moral philosophy, there have been a large number of ethical theories and schools. Even wi thin the same school having the same ultimate principle, different philosophers may have different versions of the theory, because of small variations in the interpretation of the ultimate principle or in the elaboration of the details.
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789401135528
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (III, 329 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Metaphysics ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I -- Philosophy: Sections 86–93 (pp. 405–35) of the so-called “Big Typescript” (Catalog Number 213) -- Tautology: How not to Use a Word -- The Philosophy of Logical Wholism -- Wittgenstein’s Philosophies of Mathematics -- Wittgenstein on 2, 2, 2…: The Opening of Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics -- An Impatient Man and his Papers -- The “Middle Wittgenstein”: From Logical Atomism to Practical Holism -- The Development of Wittgenstein’s Views about the Other Minds Problem -- Philosophy in the Big Typescript: Philosophy as Trivial -- Wittgenstein’s Account of Rule-Following -- Wittgenstein and “Mad Pain” -- Moore’s Paradox Revisited -- Elements of a Wittgensteinian Philosophy of the Human Sciences.
    Abstract: Most of the papers appearing in volume 87 numbers, 1-2 are based on papers presented at the Colloquium on the Philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein held at the Department of Philosophy at Florida State University on 7-8 April 1989. We owe warm thanks to Florida State University for generously supporting this colloquium. The English translation of the chapter entitled 'Philosophie', from Wittgenstein's typescript number 213 (von Wright), appears here with permission of Wittgenstein's literary heirs, without affecting existing copyrights. The original German version of this chapter was edited by Heikki Nyman and appeared in Revue Internationale de Philosophie 43 (1989), pp. 175-203. Jaakko Hintikka's article (87, No.2) first appeared in a shorter form in The Times Literary Supplement No. 4565 (28 September to 4 October 1990, p. 1030). The present version appears with the permis­ sion of The Times Literary Supplement, which is gratefully acknowl­ edged. Our thanks are due to all the participants of the colloquium and the contributors to these special numbers.
    Description / Table of Contents: IPhilosophy: Sections 86-93 (pp. 405-35) of the so-called “Big Typescript” (Catalog Number 213) -- Tautology: How not to Use a Word -- The Philosophy of Logical Wholism -- Wittgenstein’s Philosophies of Mathematics -- Wittgenstein on 2, 2, 2…: The Opening of Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics -- An Impatient Man and his Papers -- The “Middle Wittgenstein”: From Logical Atomism to Practical Holism -- The Development of Wittgenstein’s Views about the Other Minds Problem -- Philosophy in the Big Typescript: Philosophy as Trivial -- Wittgenstein’s Account of Rule-Following -- Wittgenstein and “Mad Pain” -- Moore’s Paradox Revisited -- Elements of a Wittgensteinian Philosophy of the Human Sciences.
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