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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reactor Dosimetry : Dosimetry Methods for Fuels, Cladding and Structural Materials (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401097260
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 515 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-9726-0
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Computer Work Stations : A Manager’s Guide to Office Automation and Multi-User Systems (1985)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461325376
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Business information services. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 The work-station concept -- 2 A more sophisticated model -- 3 Some off-the-shelf systems -- 4 The basic integrated computer work station -- 5 Planning for the future: compatibility and expandability -- 6 Setting goals -- 7 Communications/transmissions problems -- 8 What do you really want from your system? -- 9 Proprietary and open systems -- 10 Do-it-yourself systems -- 11 The heart of the system—and of the problem -- 12 Software, standards, and compatibility -- 13 Choosing the hardware -- 14 Interconnection -- 15 Computers, terminals, and work stations -- 16 Printers, plotters, and graphics -- 17 Memory, on-line storage, and disk drives -- 18 Miscellaneous hardware -- 19 Telecommunications -- 20 Software and operating systems -- 21 Ergonomics -- 22 Putting it all together -- Appendix A: Glossary -- Appendix B: Typical software programs available -- Appendic C: On-line -- Appendix D: Other sources -- Appendix E: Bibliography.
    Abstract: Most of us do not realize that we are living in revolutionary times. To a large degree, we are in a time of massive economic and industrial change, and perhaps history will one day record this era as the Second Industrial Revolution. Certainly we have been made aware of the decline of "smoke­ stack industries" and of the rapid rise of what might be called the "infor­ mation industries" in the United States and, presumably, in most of the western world. Several best-selling authors have assured us that we must change or perish, and a great many industrialists appear to agree. Ironically, we have also been all but promised a return to a modern form of that very cottage industry economy that the first Industrial Revolution wiped out: Some of our leading savants envision individuals working at home on desktop computers, connected via hardwire (telephone) to an employer's large, central computer. Will this come to pass? Perhaps; the industrial/economic indicators appear to point in that direction, although there are the problems of numerous laws and regulations -labor laws and OSHA laws, to name only two areas, and ignoring for the moment the reaction of our labor unions - that would be most difficult to reconcile with such an arrangement. In a sense, it is the computer that has brought about this condition.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The work-station concept2 A more sophisticated model -- 3 Some off-the-shelf systems -- 4 The basic integrated computer work station -- 5 Planning for the future: compatibility and expandability -- 6 Setting goals -- 7 Communications/transmissions problems -- 8 What do you really want from your system? -- 9 Proprietary and open systems -- 10 Do-it-yourself systems -- 11 The heart of the system-and of the problem -- 12 Software, standards, and compatibility -- 13 Choosing the hardware -- 14 Interconnection -- 15 Computers, terminals, and work stations -- 16 Printers, plotters, and graphics -- 17 Memory, on-line storage, and disk drives -- 18 Miscellaneous hardware -- 19 Telecommunications -- 20 Software and operating systems -- 21 Ergonomics -- 22 Putting it all together -- Appendix A: Glossary -- Appendix B: Typical software programs available -- Appendic C: On-line -- Appendix D: Other sources -- Appendix E: Bibliography.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2537-6
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Illustrations (1985)
    Totowa, NJ : Humana Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461249924
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (337p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Engineering. ; Life sciences. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities. ; Science. ; Mathematics.
    Abstract: How to Use This Book -- 1 Tables -- Basic Elements of a Table -- Style of the Table -- Form of the Information -- General Comments About Tables -- Tables Versus Graphs -- Artistic Effects -- 2 Graphs -- Parts of a Graph -- Brief Survey of Graph Types -- Line Graphs -- Bar Graphs -- Circular Graphs -- Scale Graphs -- Three-Dimensional Graphs and Diagrams -- Artistic Graphs -- General Comments About Graphs -- Design Factors for a Graph -- 3 Maps -- Map Projections -- Methods of Presenting Mapped Information -- Map Types Based on How the Information is Presented -- Map Types Based on What Information Is Presented -- Three-Dimensional Maps -- Map-Derived Profiles -- Remote Sensing as an Aid To Mapping -- Preparing a Map -- 4 Three-Dimensional Presentations -- Mechanical Drawings -- Perspective Drawings -- Block Diagrams -- Fence Diagrams -- Chemical Models -- Stereo Views -- Stereonet Presentations -- 5 Process, Organizational, and Flow Diagrams -- Process Diagrams -- Organizational Diagrams -- Electrical and Electronic Schematic Diagrams -- 6 Photographs -- Photographic Processes -- Artistic Modifications of Photographs -- Photographs as Illustrations -- Photographic Equipment -- 7 Computer Graphics -- Elements of a Computer Graphics System -- Computer Graphics Products -- 8 Illustrator’s Equipment and Supplies -- Paper, Boards, and Drafting Film -- Pencils -- Pens, Drawing Inks, and Felt-Tip -- Erasers, Correction Tapes, and Correcting Fluids -- Guiding Devices -- Lettering -- Supplies For Artistic Effects -- Cutting Instruments -- Adhesive Materials -- Working Surfaces -- 9 Enlarging and Reducing Illustrations -- Enlarging or Reducing Techniques -- 10 Duplicating an Illustration -- Factors in Choosing the Best -- Methods of Duplication.
    Abstract: person to prepare illustration copy at a pre-professional level-copy that is, however, often usable for routine purposes-and/or to communicate better with graphics spe­ cialists who will prepare the final illustrations. The skills necessary to take the final step of producing finished camera-ready illustrations are, unfortunately, based very much on actual hands-on experience and are thus beyond the ability of this or any other book to instill satisfactory competence in. Illustrations should also prove to be a highly useful reference work for professional illustrators. The wide variety of train­ ing and work experiences by which they have acquired their skills may not have provided full acquaintance with all of the exceptionally diverse kinds of information to be found here. There are, moreover, few disciplines whose practition­ ers cannot profit from an invigorating refresher course. After nearly seven years of work, then, I am pleased to put forward a book with many answers pertaining to the proper selection and preparation of informational illustrations. All such questions and their actual solutions, however, must re­ main up to you, the inquiring and attentive reader.
    Description / Table of Contents: How to Use This Book1 Tables -- Basic Elements of a Table -- Style of the Table -- Form of the Information -- General Comments About Tables -- Tables Versus Graphs -- Artistic Effects -- 2 Graphs -- Parts of a Graph -- Brief Survey of Graph Types -- Line Graphs -- Bar Graphs -- Circular Graphs -- Scale Graphs -- Three-Dimensional Graphs and Diagrams -- Artistic Graphs -- General Comments About Graphs -- Design Factors for a Graph -- 3 Maps -- Map Projections -- Methods of Presenting Mapped Information -- Map Types Based on How the Information is Presented -- Map Types Based on What Information Is Presented -- Three-Dimensional Maps -- Map-Derived Profiles -- Remote Sensing as an Aid To Mapping -- Preparing a Map -- 4 Three-Dimensional Presentations -- Mechanical Drawings -- Perspective Drawings -- Block Diagrams -- Fence Diagrams -- Chemical Models -- Stereo Views -- Stereonet Presentations -- 5 Process, Organizational, and Flow Diagrams -- Process Diagrams -- Organizational Diagrams -- Electrical and Electronic Schematic Diagrams -- 6 Photographs -- Photographic Processes -- Artistic Modifications of Photographs -- Photographs as Illustrations -- Photographic Equipment -- 7 Computer Graphics -- Elements of a Computer Graphics System -- Computer Graphics Products -- 8 Illustrator’s Equipment and Supplies -- Paper, Boards, and Drafting Film -- Pencils -- Pens, Drawing Inks, and Felt-Tip -- Erasers, Correction Tapes, and Correcting Fluids -- Guiding Devices -- Lettering -- Supplies For Artistic Effects -- Cutting Instruments -- Adhesive Materials -- Working Surfaces -- 9 Enlarging and Reducing Illustrations -- Enlarging or Reducing Techniques -- 10 Duplicating an Illustration -- Factors in Choosing the Best -- Methods of Duplication.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4612-4992-4
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Manufacturing Automation Management : A Productivity Handbook (1985)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461325413
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Automation in Manufacture—Its Character and Growth -- Industry Application 1-A: Evolution to Automation -- Industry Application 1-B: The Automated Egg -- 2 Automation of Materials Production Processing -- Industry Application 2-A: Computer Makes Precise Purlins -- Industry Application 2-B: Automated Cleaning of Rim Stock -- Industry Application 2-C: Textile Automation -- 3 In-Process Handling Operations -- Industry Application 3-A: Multi-Floor Automated Delivery -- Industry Application 3-B: Deep Lane Storage -- Industry Application 3-C: Job Lot Production -- Industry Application 3-D: Robot Loads Air Conditioners -- Industry Application 3-E: High Tech, In-Line Bag Making -- 4 Controlling Production Automatically -- Industry Application 4-A: Producing on the Ocean Floor -- Industry Application 4-B: Computerized Open-Die Forging -- Industry Application 4-C: Automatic Batching Systems -- Industry Application 4-D: Automated Can Production -- 5 Manufacturing Information Systems -- Industry Application 5-A: Automated Carousels Feed Typewriter Assemblers on MRP Diet -- Industry Application 5-B: Automating Manufacturing Information -- 6 Integrating the Manufacturing System -- Industry Application 6-A: Computer Integrated Manufacturing -- Industry Application 6-B: Machining System for Diesel Engine Cam Followers -- Industry Application 6-C: Aircraft Component Manufacture -- 7 The FMS Alternative -- Industry Application 7-A: Fuser Rolls for Xerox Duplicators -- Industry Application 7-B: Automated Tractor Assembly -- Industry Application 7-C: Grinding Turbine Blades in Automated Cells -- Industry Application 7-D: System Automates Midvolume Production -- 8 Manufacturing Engineering and the System -- Industry Application 8-A: Semiconductor Circuit Production -- 9 R & D for Manufacturing Automation -- Industry Application 9-A: Flexible Manufacturing System -- Industry Application 9-B: Computerized Gear Generating -- 10 The Product and Design Engineering -- 11 Design for Automated Assembly -- Industry Application 11-A: Assembling Motor Armatures -- Industry Application 11-B: Automotive Assembly Respot Welding -- 12 Designing for N/C Production -- 13 Management Philosophy for Automation -- Industry Application 13-A: Automotive Automation -- 14 Industrial Relations Policy for Automation -- Industry Application 14-A: Training for Automation -- 15 Automation Systems Accounting -- 16 Roadblocks to Automation.
    Abstract: Automation has been employed for many years to provide a multitude of reasonably priced products for the American consumer. However, it has become evident that its real character as a manufacturing systems approach needs to be examined carefully for a better appreciation. In this book the purpose is to examine automation technology in its broadest sense and develop not only an understanding but also present some of the engineering and organization "know-how" by which manufacturing management can more effectively utilize automation to improve pro­ ductivity and combat rising costs in the years ahead. Fundamentally, this book is addressed to manufacturing managers, and the material presented in a manner that will provide the knowledge for assuring success in automating. In addition, it highlights the man­ ufacturing research and long-range planning that will be required for creating the new manufacturing technology so necessary for assuring success in future automation efforts. One of the important facts emphasized in this text is that automation is not merely robotics ar another kind or type of machinery. To effect true productivity improvement requires a fresh look at the entire pro­ duction process or facility-as a completely integrated system. With the developments of the past few years, rapid advances in the technology and the "tools of automation" have brought this imperative goal within the reasonable grasp of manufacturing management in almost every segment of industry. However, to utilize this progress, it is necessary to acquire a working understanding of all facets of automation.
    Description / Table of Contents: Automation in Manufacture-Its Character and GrowthIndustry Application 1-A: Evolution to Automation -- Industry Application 1-B: The Automated Egg -- 2 Automation of Materials Production Processing -- Industry Application 2-A: Computer Makes Precise Purlins -- Industry Application 2-B: Automated Cleaning of Rim Stock -- Industry Application 2-C: Textile Automation -- 3 In-Process Handling Operations -- Industry Application 3-A: Multi-Floor Automated Delivery -- Industry Application 3-B: Deep Lane Storage -- Industry Application 3-C: Job Lot Production -- Industry Application 3-D: Robot Loads Air Conditioners -- Industry Application 3-E: High Tech, In-Line Bag Making -- 4 Controlling Production Automatically -- Industry Application 4-A: Producing on the Ocean Floor -- Industry Application 4-B: Computerized Open-Die Forging -- Industry Application 4-C: Automatic Batching Systems -- Industry Application 4-D: Automated Can Production -- 5 Manufacturing Information Systems -- Industry Application 5-A: Automated Carousels Feed Typewriter Assemblers on MRP Diet -- Industry Application 5-B: Automating Manufacturing Information -- 6 Integrating the Manufacturing System -- Industry Application 6-A: Computer Integrated Manufacturing -- Industry Application 6-B: Machining System for Diesel Engine Cam Followers -- Industry Application 6-C: Aircraft Component Manufacture -- 7 The FMS Alternative -- Industry Application 7-A: Fuser Rolls for Xerox Duplicators -- Industry Application 7-B: Automated Tractor Assembly -- Industry Application 7-C: Grinding Turbine Blades in Automated Cells -- Industry Application 7-D: System Automates Midvolume Production -- 8 Manufacturing Engineering and the System -- Industry Application 8-A: Semiconductor Circuit Production -- 9 R & D for Manufacturing Automation -- Industry Application 9-A: Flexible Manufacturing System -- Industry Application 9-B: Computerized Gear Generating -- 10 The Product and Design Engineering -- 11 Design for Automated Assembly -- Industry Application 11-A: Assembling Motor Armatures -- Industry Application 11-B: Automotive Assembly Respot Welding -- 12 Designing for N/C Production -- 13 Management Philosophy for Automation -- Industry Application 13-A: Automotive Automation -- 14 Industrial Relations Policy for Automation -- Industry Application 14-A: Training for Automation -- 15 Automation Systems Accounting -- 16 Roadblocks to Automation.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2541-3
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Rock Mechanics : For Underground Mining (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401165013
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Rock mechanics and mining engineering -- 2 Stress and infinitesimal strain -- 3 Rock mass structure -- 4 Rock strength and deformability -- 5 Pre-mining state of stress -- 6 Methods of stress analysis -- 7 Excavation design in massive elastic rock -- 8 Excavation design in stratified rock -- 9 Excavation design in jointed rock -- 10 Energy changes accompanying underground mining -- 11 Rock support and reinforcement -- 12 Mining methods and method selection -- 13 Naturally supported mining methods -- 14 Artificially supported mining methods -- 15 Longwall and caving mining methods -- 16 Mining-induced surface subsidence -- 17 Blasting mechanics -- 18 Monitoring rock mass performance -- Appendix 1 Basic constructions using the hemispherical projection -- A1.1 Projection of a line -- A1.2 Projection of the great circle and pole to a plane -- A1.3 Determination of the line of intersection of two planes -- A1.4 Determination of the angle between two lines in a plane -- A1.5 Determination of dip direction and true dip -- A1.6 Rotation about an inclined axis -- Appendix 2 Stresses and displacements induced by point and infinite line loads in an infinite, isotropic, elastic continuum -- A2.1 A point load (the Kelvin equations) -- A2.2 An infinite line load -- Appendix 3 Calculation sequences for rock-support interaction analysis -- A3.1 Scope -- A3.2 Required support line calculations -- A3.3 Available support line calculations -- Appendix 4 Limiting equilibrium analysis of progressive hangingwall caving -- A4.1 Derivation of equations -- A4.2 Calculation sequence -- Answers to problems -- References.
    Abstract: Rock mechanics is a field of applied science which has become recognised as a coherent engineering discipline within the last two decades. It consists of a body of knowledge of the mechanical properties of rock, various techniques for the analysis of rock stress under some imposed perturbation, a set of established principles expressing rock mass response to load, and a logical methodology for applying these notions and techniques to real physical prob­ lems. Some of the areas where application of rock mechanics concepts have been demonstrated to be of industrial value include surface and subsurface construction, mining and other methods of mineral recovery, geothermal energy recovery and subsurface hazardous waste isolation. In many cases, the pressures of industrial demand for rigour and precision in project or process design have led to rapid evolution of the engineering discipline, and general improvement in its basis in both the geosciences and engineering mechanics. An intellectual commitment in some outstanding research centres to the proper development of rock mechanics has now resulted in a capacity for engineering design in rock not conceivable two decades ago. Mining engineering is an obvious candidate for application of rock mechanics principles in the design of excavations generated by mineral extrac­ tion. A primary concern in mining operations, either on surface or underground, is loosely termed 'ground control', i. e.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Rock mechanics and mining engineering2 Stress and infinitesimal strain -- 3 Rock mass structure -- 4 Rock strength and deformability -- 5 Pre-mining state of stress -- 6 Methods of stress analysis -- 7 Excavation design in massive elastic rock -- 8 Excavation design in stratified rock -- 9 Excavation design in jointed rock -- 10 Energy changes accompanying underground mining -- 11 Rock support and reinforcement -- 12 Mining methods and method selection -- 13 Naturally supported mining methods -- 14 Artificially supported mining methods -- 15 Longwall and caving mining methods -- 16 Mining-induced surface subsidence -- 17 Blasting mechanics -- 18 Monitoring rock mass performance -- Appendix 1 Basic constructions using the hemispherical projection -- A1.1 Projection of a line -- A1.2 Projection of the great circle and pole to a plane -- A1.3 Determination of the line of intersection of two planes -- A1.4 Determination of the angle between two lines in a plane -- A1.5 Determination of dip direction and true dip -- A1.6 Rotation about an inclined axis -- Appendix 2 Stresses and displacements induced by point and infinite line loads in an infinite, isotropic, elastic continuum -- A2.1 A point load (the Kelvin equations) -- A2.2 An infinite line load -- Appendix 3 Calculation sequences for rock-support interaction analysis -- A3.1 Scope -- A3.2 Required support line calculations -- A3.3 Available support line calculations -- Appendix 4 Limiting equilibrium analysis of progressive hangingwall caving -- A4.1 Derivation of equations -- A4.2 Calculation sequence -- Answers to problems -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6501-3
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  • 6
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    The Straw Manual : A practical guide to cost-effective straw utilization and disposal (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401160421
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Straw production -- Straw as a raw material. Possible utilization. Incorporation. Action plan -- 2 Field burning -- Methods of burning. Byelaws. Swath burning — an alternative. Burning — effects on soil fauna. Burning — effects on flora. Burning — ash absorption of herbicides. Action plan -- 3 Incorporation of ash, stubbles and straw -- The national scene. Effects on yield. Burned off seedbeds. Stubble management. Incorporation. Weed control. Disease control. Cultivation — machinery systems. Cultivation rotation. Costing and decision making. Action plan -- 4 Harvesting, handling and storage -- Harvesting. Baling: methods and costs. Densification. Action plan -- 5 Straw feeding -- The potential. Straw as a food. Chemical treatment. Alternative treatments. Cocktails. The design of diets. Caustic treated straw — practical diets. Ammonia treated straw — practical diets. Cocktail treated straw — practical diets. Supplementation. Action plan -- 6 Straw as a fuel -- Straw as a fuel — its basic value and characteristics. The equipment available. Action plan.
    Abstract: This book is not about what might be done with straw one day. It is about what can be done with it right now on the farm. It is about today's technology, allowing decisions to be made about what to do with straw this year in order to minimize costs, minimize management problems and maximize yields and profits. It can be read cover to cover, chapter by chapter or dipped into as a reference book. Whichever way, this manual is aimed at helping the farmer to understand the technology and do the job that has to be done - profitably. Action Plans which summarize the relevant data and ease decision-making appear at the end of each chapter. The final part is a Decision Planner which will help with tackling the job in hand, on the day. Acknowledgments Grateful thanks are given to many individuals and organizations for their assistance, support and provision of information. Special acknowledgment is made to the fine work done by ADAS and their staff who made efforts to provide a great deal of up to date data for this publication. Thanks for assistance are also given to leI Plant Protection Division and to John Deere who, through their annual Award to agricultural writers, sparked this project off by giving the award to the author in 1982.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Straw productionStraw as a raw material. Possible utilization. Incorporation. Action plan -- 2 Field burning -- Methods of burning. Byelaws. Swath burning - an alternative. Burning - effects on soil fauna. Burning - effects on flora. Burning - ash absorption of herbicides. Action plan -- 3 Incorporation of ash, stubbles and straw -- The national scene. Effects on yield. Burned off seedbeds. Stubble management. Incorporation. Weed control. Disease control. Cultivation - machinery systems. Cultivation rotation. Costing and decision making. Action plan -- 4 Harvesting, handling and storage -- Harvesting. Baling: methods and costs. Densification. Action plan -- 5 Straw feeding -- The potential. Straw as a food. Chemical treatment. Alternative treatments. Cocktails. The design of diets. Caustic treated straw - practical diets. Ammonia treated straw - practical diets. Cocktail treated straw - practical diets. Supplementation. Action plan -- 6 Straw as a fuel -- Straw as a fuel - its basic value and characteristics. The equipment available. Action plan.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6042-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Environmental Stress and Behavioural Adaptation (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401160735
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Temperature -- 1.1 BACKGROUND -- 1.2 PROBLEMS FACED BY ECTOTHERMS -- 1.3 PROBLEMS FACED BY ENDOTHERMS -- 1.4 BEHAVIOURAL SOLUTIONS -- 1.5 COSTS AND BENEFITS OF BEHAVIOURAL THERMOREGULATION -- 1.6 BEHAVIOURAL INDUCTION OF FEVER -- 2. Salinity -- 2.1 BACKGROUND -- 2.2 PROBLEMS IMPOSED BY SALINITY -- 2.3 BEHAVIOURAL REACTIONS TO SALINITY -- 3. Oxygen Tension -- 3.1 BACKGROUND -- 3.2 BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES -- 4. Desiccation -- 4.1 BACKGROUND -- 4.2 BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES -- 5. Pollutants -- 5.1 BACKGROUND -- 5.2 OIL OR DISPERSANTS -- 5.3 THERMAL EFFLUENTS -- 5.4 CHLORINE -- 5.5 HEAVY METALS OR PESTICIDES -- 5.6 ACID POLLUTION -- 6. Conclusions -- 6.1 MULTIPURPOSE BEHAVIOUR -- 6.2 COSTS AND BENEFITS -- 6.3 RECEPTOR AND EFFECTOR SYSTEMS -- 6.4 EVOLUTIONARY CONSIDERATIONS.
    Abstract: It is generally agreed that animal life originated in the sea and that adaptive radiation subsequently led to the colonisaHon of other environments - shores and estuaries, streams and lakes, bog, mountain and desert. In their invasion of these habitats animals left the equable, relatively stabl.e surroundings of the open sea and subjected themselves to the rigours of temperature fluctuations and extremes, a variety of ionic backgrounds, areas of depleted oxygen or the possibility of aerial exposure and potential desiccation. The spur for this radiation presumably lay in the prize of access to unexploited habitats and sources of energy. The survival of these more adventurous species has depended upon them evolving mechanisms to protect the integrity of their cellular constituents. Protoplasm can only exist within physiochemical limits which are quite narrow for each species. Water activity, salt and gas concentrations and temperature all have to be appropriate for enzyme­ catalysed processes to function properly within cells. Except in the open sea, environmental conditions regularly vary outside these limits. To take a familiar example; humans can only remain conscious (and hence functional) if their core (Le. deep tissues - brain, heart, liver, etc.) body temperature is maintained between about 30 and 43°C.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Temperature1.1 BACKGROUND -- 1.2 PROBLEMS FACED BY ECTOTHERMS -- 1.3 PROBLEMS FACED BY ENDOTHERMS -- 1.4 BEHAVIOURAL SOLUTIONS -- 1.5 COSTS AND BENEFITS OF BEHAVIOURAL THERMOREGULATION -- 1.6 BEHAVIOURAL INDUCTION OF FEVER -- 2. Salinity -- 2.1 BACKGROUND -- 2.2 PROBLEMS IMPOSED BY SALINITY -- 2.3 BEHAVIOURAL REACTIONS TO SALINITY -- 3. Oxygen Tension -- 3.1 BACKGROUND -- 3.2 BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES -- 4. Desiccation -- 4.1 BACKGROUND -- 4.2 BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES -- 5. Pollutants -- 5.1 BACKGROUND -- 5.2 OIL OR DISPERSANTS -- 5.3 THERMAL EFFLUENTS -- 5.4 CHLORINE -- 5.5 HEAVY METALS OR PESTICIDES -- 5.6 ACID POLLUTION -- 6. Conclusions -- 6.1 MULTIPURPOSE BEHAVIOUR -- 6.2 COSTS AND BENEFITS -- 6.3 RECEPTOR AND EFFECTOR SYSTEMS -- 6.4 EVOLUTIONARY CONSIDERATIONS.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6073-5
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  • 8
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    Theory and Practice of Robots and Manipulators : Proceedings of RoManSy ’84: The Fifth CISM - IFToMM Symposium (1985)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461598824
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Preface -- Editorial Note -- 1 Opening Lecture -- Biomechanical Aspects in Robotics -- 2 Mechanics -- Coordinate Transformations and Inverse kinematics for Industrial Robots -- Industrial Robots with Recuperation of Mechanical Energy -- On the Optimal Selection and Placement of Manipulators -- On the Geometry of Orthogonal and Reciprocal Screws -- Trajectory Planning for Redundant Manipulators in the Presence of Obstacles -- Implementation of Highly Efficient Analytical Robot Models on Microcomputers -- Computer-aided Generation of Multibody-system Equations -- Equations of Motion and Equations of Stress for Robots and Manipulators: An Application of the NEWEUL Formalism -- Modelling of Artificial Manipulators and Computer Simulation of their Dynamics -- Dynamics of Robots and Manipulators Involving Closed Loops -- 3 Control of Motion -- Non-adaptive Dynamic Control for Manipulation Robots: Invited Survey Paper -- Robot Motion Control in Multi-operation assembly -- Some Considerations on Feedback Strategy for Assembly Robots -- Optimal Dynamic Trajectories for Robotic Manipulators -- Approximative Models in Dynamic Control of Robotic Systems -- Keyboard Playing by an Anthropomorphic Robot: Fingers and Arm Model and its Control System of WAM-7R -- Control of Two Co-ordinated Robots by Using an Only-kinematic Model -- A Method for Time-optimal Control of Dynamically Constrained Manipulators -- Bracing Strategy for Robot Operation -- Robot Control and Computer Languages -- Robust Control for Industrial Robots -- Controlling a Six-degrees-of-freedom Welding Robot along a Randomly Oriented Seam with Reduced Sensor Information -- Principles and Algorithms for Industrial Robots Remote Automatic Control -- 4 Man-Intelligent Machine Systems -- Manual Control Communication in Space Teleoperation -- Sensory-based Control for Robots and Teleoperators -- Tele-existence (I): Design and Evaluation of a Visual Display with Sensation of Presence -- New Approach to Robotic Visual Processing -- Representing Three-dimensional Shape -- An Electropneumatic Actuation System for the Utah/MIT Dextrous Hand -- Sensor-aided and/or Computer-aided Bilateral Teleoperator System (SCATS) -- 5 Synthesis and Design -- Mechanical and Geometric Design of the Adaptive Suspension Vehicle -- Geometrical and Kinematical Qualitative Characteristics for Functional Capacities of Manipulation Systems -- Manipulation Devices Based on High-class Mechanisms -- Synthesis and Design of Mechanical Hands for Robots with Application of Computer-aided Design -- A New Design Method of Servo-actuators Based on the Shape Memory Effect -- Coverage Optimization of Articulated Manipulators -- 6 Biomechanics of Motion: Locomotion -- Study of Propelling Agents Construction Features of Orthogonal Walking Robots by Using Plane Mechanisms -- A Hierarchically Structured System for Computer Control of a Hexapod Walking Machine -- Realization of Plane Walking by the Biped Walking Robot WL-10R -- Hexapod Walking Robots with Artificial Intelligence Capabilities -- Legged Locomotion Machine Based on the Consideration of Degrees of Freedom -- Trotting and Bounding in a Planar Two-legged Model -- 7 Application and Performance Evaluation -- Determination of Important Design Parameters for Industrial Robots from the Application Point of View: Survey Paper -- Automatic Assembly by Reference Searching and Position Adjustment before Insertion -- Participants.
    Abstract: The RO MAN SY Symposia have played an important role in the development of the theory and, to a lesser extent, the practice of manipulators, walking machines and robots. Based on past experience of previous symposia, which have been held over the last 10 years, the problem arose as to what to do in the future. In other words, in what direction should further symposia be organized? A panel discussion called 'Role of RO MAN SY Symposia' was held on 29 June 1984 during the final plenary session at CISM, Udine, Italy. The Members of the Organizing Committee, Professors Konstantinov, Morecki, Roth, Vukobratovic and Vertut, and other participants were asked to give their opinions on the follow­ ing important questions: • should we organize future symposia? if we continue, which form should we choose?: small (60-70 participants, • 35-40 invited papers); big (100-150 participants, 60-80 papers) • what kind of topics should be included?: the more theoretical-oriented; more practical-oriented; both (what proportion?) • how frequently should RO MAN SY Symposia be organized?: every other year; every third year is working well and what should be maintained? • what • what is not working well and what should be changed to increase the impact of the symposia? would like to underline that most of the participants agree that we should con­ tinue to hold our symposia every other year, but to limit their small form, with invited papers at high theoretical level only in mechanics, control of motion,.
    Description / Table of Contents: PrefaceEditorial Note -- 1 Opening Lecture -- Biomechanical Aspects in Robotics -- 2 Mechanics -- Coordinate Transformations and Inverse kinematics for Industrial Robots -- Industrial Robots with Recuperation of Mechanical Energy -- On the Optimal Selection and Placement of Manipulators -- On the Geometry of Orthogonal and Reciprocal Screws -- Trajectory Planning for Redundant Manipulators in the Presence of Obstacles -- Implementation of Highly Efficient Analytical Robot Models on Microcomputers -- Computer-aided Generation of Multibody-system Equations -- Equations of Motion and Equations of Stress for Robots and Manipulators: An Application of the NEWEUL Formalism -- Modelling of Artificial Manipulators and Computer Simulation of their Dynamics -- Dynamics of Robots and Manipulators Involving Closed Loops -- 3 Control of Motion -- Non-adaptive Dynamic Control for Manipulation Robots: Invited Survey Paper -- Robot Motion Control in Multi-operation assembly -- Some Considerations on Feedback Strategy for Assembly Robots -- Optimal Dynamic Trajectories for Robotic Manipulators -- Approximative Models in Dynamic Control of Robotic Systems -- Keyboard Playing by an Anthropomorphic Robot: Fingers and Arm Model and its Control System of WAM-7R -- Control of Two Co-ordinated Robots by Using an Only-kinematic Model -- A Method for Time-optimal Control of Dynamically Constrained Manipulators -- Bracing Strategy for Robot Operation -- Robot Control and Computer Languages -- Robust Control for Industrial Robots -- Controlling a Six-degrees-of-freedom Welding Robot along a Randomly Oriented Seam with Reduced Sensor Information -- Principles and Algorithms for Industrial Robots Remote Automatic Control -- 4 Man-Intelligent Machine Systems -- Manual Control Communication in Space Teleoperation -- Sensory-based Control for Robots and Teleoperators -- Tele-existence (I): Design and Evaluation of a Visual Display with Sensation of Presence -- New Approach to Robotic Visual Processing -- Representing Three-dimensional Shape -- An Electropneumatic Actuation System for the Utah/MIT Dextrous Hand -- Sensor-aided and/or Computer-aided Bilateral Teleoperator System (SCATS) -- 5 Synthesis and Design -- Mechanical and Geometric Design of the Adaptive Suspension Vehicle -- Geometrical and Kinematical Qualitative Characteristics for Functional Capacities of Manipulation Systems -- Manipulation Devices Based on High-class Mechanisms -- Synthesis and Design of Mechanical Hands for Robots with Application of Computer-aided Design -- A New Design Method of Servo-actuators Based on the Shape Memory Effect -- Coverage Optimization of Articulated Manipulators -- 6 Biomechanics of Motion: Locomotion -- Study of Propelling Agents Construction Features of Orthogonal Walking Robots by Using Plane Mechanisms -- A Hierarchically Structured System for Computer Control of a Hexapod Walking Machine -- Realization of Plane Walking by the Biped Walking Robot WL-10R -- Hexapod Walking Robots with Artificial Intelligence Capabilities -- Legged Locomotion Machine Based on the Consideration of Degrees of Freedom -- Trotting and Bounding in a Planar Two-legged Model -- 7 Application and Performance Evaluation -- Determination of Important Design Parameters for Industrial Robots from the Application Point of View: Survey Paper -- Automatic Assembly by Reference Searching and Position Adjustment before Insertion -- Participants.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9882-4
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  • 9
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    Assembly with Robots (1985)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468415001
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1: Introduction -- 2: Why use robots? -- Robot versus hard automation -- Robot availability, purchase and viability -- Assessing the robot market -- 3: Which configuration? -- Specialized robots -- Robot capability -- Which programming method? -- Important elements in robot specifications -- 4: Calculation of cycle times -- Methods for calculating cycle time -- Parts trees -- Assessing workload -- 5: Grippers -- Sophisticated gripper versus simple gripper -- Compliance -- Types of grippers -- Gripper design -- Sensory control of grippers -- Gripper classifications -- Multiple robots -- Multiple arm robots -- Multiple grippers -- 6: The assembly process -- Assembly techniques -- 7: Product and process design for assembly -- Product compatibility -- Method of construction -- Fifteen design rules -- 8: Workstations -- The system -- Assembly line balancing -- Balancing a robot line -- Implementation of workstations -- 9: Material feeders -- Automatic feeders -- Feeding delicate items -- Component manufacture at site of usage -- Feeding consumable materials -- Conveyors -- Automated guided vehicles -- Prepackaged material control -- 10: Sensing and vision -- Sensors -- Selecting a suitable sensor -- Automatic inspection -- 11: Man-machine mix -- Interaction between man and machine -- Programming -- Man-robot systems -- 12: Safety -- Humans at risk from injury by robots -- Safety procedures and devices -- Procedural checks -- 13: Evaluation of a robot system -- Methods of financial appraisal -- Strategic and tactical justification -- Productivity ratios -- Robot versus manual cost per hour -- Resource graphs -- Cost groups -- The proposal -- 14: Economics of alternative systems -- Assessing costs -- Equilateral triangle -- Direct calculation -- Benefits and total expected savings -- Systems for a range of quantities -- Flexible and fixed aspects of automated assembly -- 15: Economics of robots and grippers -- The workstation -- The gripper design -- 16: The future -- The short-term outlook -- The long-term outlook -- References and bibliography -- Appendix: Assembly Robots Available in the USA and the UK.
    Abstract: In the western world, economic logic (and need) has replaced the indentured craftsman by computer controlled machining centres within manufacturing industries. The same rationale is the incentive behind the development of robots that are technically capable of performing assembly tasks, and the inevitable, albeit slow, adoption of these robots by the manufacturing industries. This book is based upon the author's knowledge and first hand experience of the manufacturing industries of North America and the UK in general, and the UK's robotics industry in particular. The general and specific implications of per­ forming an assembly task robotically are discussed, the majority of which are not specific to anyone sector of the manufactur­ ing industry, nor to any particular size of product being manu­ factured. This book should be of interest to those who are interested in or involved with the use of robots for assembly. The 'veils of mystic' and misinformation on robots and the assembly process are subsequently removed.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1: Introduction2: Why use robots? -- Robot versus hard automation -- Robot availability, purchase and viability -- Assessing the robot market -- 3: Which configuration? -- Specialized robots -- Robot capability -- Which programming method? -- Important elements in robot specifications -- 4: Calculation of cycle times -- Methods for calculating cycle time -- Parts trees -- Assessing workload -- 5: Grippers -- Sophisticated gripper versus simple gripper -- Compliance -- Types of grippers -- Gripper design -- Sensory control of grippers -- Gripper classifications -- Multiple robots -- Multiple arm robots -- Multiple grippers -- 6: The assembly process -- Assembly techniques -- 7: Product and process design for assembly -- Product compatibility -- Method of construction -- Fifteen design rules -- 8: Workstations -- The system -- Assembly line balancing -- Balancing a robot line -- Implementation of workstations -- 9: Material feeders -- Automatic feeders -- Feeding delicate items -- Component manufacture at site of usage -- Feeding consumable materials -- Conveyors -- Automated guided vehicles -- Prepackaged material control -- 10: Sensing and vision -- Sensors -- Selecting a suitable sensor -- Automatic inspection -- 11: Man-machine mix -- Interaction between man and machine -- Programming -- Man-robot systems -- 12: Safety -- Humans at risk from injury by robots -- Safety procedures and devices -- Procedural checks -- 13: Evaluation of a robot system -- Methods of financial appraisal -- Strategic and tactical justification -- Productivity ratios -- Robot versus manual cost per hour -- Resource graphs -- Cost groups -- The proposal -- 14: Economics of alternative systems -- Assessing costs -- Equilateral triangle -- Direct calculation -- Benefits and total expected savings -- Systems for a range of quantities -- Flexible and fixed aspects of automated assembly -- 15: Economics of robots and grippers -- The workstation -- The gripper design -- 16: The future -- The short-term outlook -- The long-term outlook -- References and bibliography -- Appendix: Assembly Robots Available in the USA and the UK.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-1500-1
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  • 10
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    Flat-Panel Displays and CRTs (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401170628
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Van Nostrand Reinhold Electrical/Computer Science and Engineering Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 1.1 History of Electronics for Displays -- 1.2 Electronic Displays -- 1.3 Display Classifications -- 1.4 Display Nomenclature -- 1.5 Classification Nomenclature -- 1.6 Picture Element or Pixel -- 1.7 Display Array -- 1.8 Addressing -- 1.9 Display Device Development -- 1.10 Multidiscipline -- 1.11 Technology Impetus -- 1.12 Conclusion -- References -- 2. System Requirements -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 System Classification -- 2.3 Display Installation Classification -- 2.4 Display Functional Classification -- 2.5 Systems Constraints -- 2.6 Display Subsystems -- 2.7 Transillumination -- 2.8 Photometry -- References -- 3. The Visual System: Capabilities and Limitations -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Anatomy of the Visual System -- 3.3 Spatial Vision -- 3.4 Temporal Vision -- 3.5 Color Vision -- 3.6 Summary -- References -- 4. Image Quality: Measures and Visual Performance -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Modulation Transfer Function -- 4.3 Pixel Error Measures -- 4.4 MTF-Based Measures of Image Quality -- 4.5 Pixel Error Measures of Image Quality -- 4.6 An Empirical Image Quality Model -- 4.7 Problems in Image Quality Measurement -- 4.8 Concepts Related to Image Quality -- References -- 5. Flat-Panel Display Design Issues -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Power Efficiency -- 5.3 Addressability -- 5.4 Duty Factor -- 5.5 Gray Scale -- 5.6 Color -- 5.7 Cost -- 5.8 Intrinsic Electronic Display Drive -- 5.9 Extrinsic Electronic Display Addressing -- References for Section 5.9.2 -- 6. The Challenge of the Cathode-Ray Tube -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Historical Origins of the CRT -- 6.3 Basic CRT Design and Operation -- 6.4 Electron-Optic Regions of the CRT -- 6.5 Limitations on Electron-Gun Performance -- 6.6 The Viewing System -- 6.7 CRT Resolution and Contrast -- 6.8 The Life of the CRT -- 6.9 Applications and Types of CRTs -- 6.10 Driving the CRT -- 6.11 Overview of CRT Performance -- Reference -- 7. Flat Cathode-Ray Tube Display -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Motivation and Goals -- 7.3 History -- 7.4 Functional and Technical Discriptions -- 7.5 Cathodes for the Flat CRTs -- 7.6 Beam Positioning and Modulation Techniques -- 7.7 Brightness-Enhancement Techniques -- 7.8 Phosphor Screens -- 7.9 Vacuum Envelope and Processing Techniques -- 7.10 Technical Achievements -- 7.11 Summary -- References -- 8. Electroluminescent Displays -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 History -- 8.3 Theory of Operation -- 8.4 AC Thin-Film EL -- 8.5 AC Powder EL -- 8.6 DC Powder EL -- 8.7 DC Thin-Film EL -- 8.8 Luminous Efficiency -- 8.9 Conclusion 281 References -- 9. Light-Emitting Diode Displays -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 History of LED Display Devices -- 9.3 Basic LED Technology -- 9.4 LED Performance-State of the Art -- 9.5 LED Display Devices -- 9.6 LED Performance Parameters -- 9.7 Materials and Processes -- 9.8 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 10. Plasma Displays -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 History -- 10.3 Basic Electro-Optical Characteristics of the Gas Discharge -- 10.4 Gas-Discharge Physics -- 10.5 Current-Limiting Techniques -- 10.6 DC Plasma Displays -- 10.7 AC Plasma Displays -- 10.8 Hybrid AC-DC Plasma Displays -- 10.9 Image Displays -- 10.10 Hybrid Plasma-CRT -- 10.11 Fabrication of Plasma Displays -- 10.12 Future of Plasma Displays -- References -- 11. Nonemissive Displays -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 The Liquid-Crystal Phase -- 11.3 LCD Configurations -- 11.4 Intrinsic Matrix Addressing of LCDs -- 11.5 Extrinsic Matrix Addressing of LCDs -- 11.6 Electrochromic Displays -- 11.7 Colloidal Displays -- 11.8 Electroactive Solids -- 11.9 Electromechanical Displays -- 11.10 Conclusion -- References.
    Abstract: Flat-Panel Displays and CRTs, a review of electronic information display devices, is the first sys­ tematic and comprehensive coverage of the subject. It is intended to distill our wealth of knowledge of flat-panel displays and CRTs from their beginnings to the present state of the art. Historical perspective, theory of operation, and specific applications are all thoroughly covered. The field of display engineering is a multidisciplined technical pursuit with the result that its individual disciplines suffer from a lack of communications and limited perspective. Many previ­ ously developed standards for, and general understanding of, one technology are often inappro­ priate for another. Care has been taken here to document the old, incorporate the new, and emphasize commonalities. Criteria for performance have been standardized to enable an expert in one display technology, such as liquid crystals, to compare his device performance with that offered by another technology, such as electroluminescence. This book has been written with a second purpose in mind, to wit, to be the vehicle by means of which a new scientist or engineer can be introduced into the display society. It is organized to be tutorial for use in instructional situations. The first chapters begin with first principles and defini­ tions; the middle chapters set out requirements and criteria; and the last chapters give a complete description of each major technology.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction1.1 History of Electronics for Displays -- 1.2 Electronic Displays -- 1.3 Display Classifications -- 1.4 Display Nomenclature -- 1.5 Classification Nomenclature -- 1.6 Picture Element or Pixel -- 1.7 Display Array -- 1.8 Addressing -- 1.9 Display Device Development -- 1.10 Multidiscipline -- 1.11 Technology Impetus -- 1.12 Conclusion -- References -- 2. System Requirements -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 System Classification -- 2.3 Display Installation Classification -- 2.4 Display Functional Classification -- 2.5 Systems Constraints -- 2.6 Display Subsystems -- 2.7 Transillumination -- 2.8 Photometry -- References -- 3. The Visual System: Capabilities and Limitations -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Anatomy of the Visual System -- 3.3 Spatial Vision -- 3.4 Temporal Vision -- 3.5 Color Vision -- 3.6 Summary -- References -- 4. Image Quality: Measures and Visual Performance -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Modulation Transfer Function -- 4.3 Pixel Error Measures -- 4.4 MTF-Based Measures of Image Quality -- 4.5 Pixel Error Measures of Image Quality -- 4.6 An Empirical Image Quality Model -- 4.7 Problems in Image Quality Measurement -- 4.8 Concepts Related to Image Quality -- References -- 5. Flat-Panel Display Design Issues -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Power Efficiency -- 5.3 Addressability -- 5.4 Duty Factor -- 5.5 Gray Scale -- 5.6 Color -- 5.7 Cost -- 5.8 Intrinsic Electronic Display Drive -- 5.9 Extrinsic Electronic Display Addressing -- References for Section 5.9.2 -- 6. The Challenge of the Cathode-Ray Tube -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Historical Origins of the CRT -- 6.3 Basic CRT Design and Operation -- 6.4 Electron-Optic Regions of the CRT -- 6.5 Limitations on Electron-Gun Performance -- 6.6 The Viewing System -- 6.7 CRT Resolution and Contrast -- 6.8 The Life of the CRT -- 6.9 Applications and Types of CRTs -- 6.10 Driving the CRT -- 6.11 Overview of CRT Performance -- Reference -- 7. Flat Cathode-Ray Tube Display -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Motivation and Goals -- 7.3 History -- 7.4 Functional and Technical Discriptions -- 7.5 Cathodes for the Flat CRTs -- 7.6 Beam Positioning and Modulation Techniques -- 7.7 Brightness-Enhancement Techniques -- 7.8 Phosphor Screens -- 7.9 Vacuum Envelope and Processing Techniques -- 7.10 Technical Achievements -- 7.11 Summary -- References -- 8. Electroluminescent Displays -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 History -- 8.3 Theory of Operation -- 8.4 AC Thin-Film EL -- 8.5 AC Powder EL -- 8.6 DC Powder EL -- 8.7 DC Thin-Film EL -- 8.8 Luminous Efficiency -- 8.9 Conclusion 281 References -- 9. Light-Emitting Diode Displays -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 History of LED Display Devices -- 9.3 Basic LED Technology -- 9.4 LED Performance-State of the Art -- 9.5 LED Display Devices -- 9.6 LED Performance Parameters -- 9.7 Materials and Processes -- 9.8 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 10. Plasma Displays -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 History -- 10.3 Basic Electro-Optical Characteristics of the Gas Discharge -- 10.4 Gas-Discharge Physics -- 10.5 Current-Limiting Techniques -- 10.6 DC Plasma Displays -- 10.7 AC Plasma Displays -- 10.8 Hybrid AC-DC Plasma Displays -- 10.9 Image Displays -- 10.10 Hybrid Plasma-CRT -- 10.11 Fabrication of Plasma Displays -- 10.12 Future of Plasma Displays -- References -- 11. Nonemissive Displays -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 The Liquid-Crystal Phase -- 11.3 LCD Configurations -- 11.4 Intrinsic Matrix Addressing of LCDs -- 11.5 Extrinsic Matrix Addressing of LCDs -- 11.6 Electrochromic Displays -- 11.7 Colloidal Displays -- 11.8 Electroactive Solids -- 11.9 Electromechanical Displays -- 11.10 Conclusion -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7062-8
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  • 11
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    CADCAM: Training and Education through the ’80s : Proceedings of the CAD ED ’84 Conference (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401171182
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1:Technology for CADCAM -- The present state of computer-aided engineering industry and education -- CADCAM technology — five years ahead -- CAE — a longer view -- 2:Education for CADCAM -- A computer-aided engineering strategy for a university department of engineering -- Computer-aided design (CAD) in an electrical and electronic engineering degree course -- 3:Training for CADCAM -- Education and training initiatives -- Impact of new technology in the role of the engineering designer -- 4A: Experience in Education -- CAM-CAD education — the Paisley experience -- CAD in the context of engineering business — a necessary educational perspective -- Software engineering in mechanical and production engineering degree courses -- 4B: Experience in Training -- User training for CAE/CAD/CAM — a vendor view -- The management of system change -- 5: Workshop Reviews -- Approaches to teaching CADCAM: Chairman’s summary -- The integration of CAD and CAM — the educational implications: Chairman’s summary -- Integration of CAD and CAM (training implications): Chairman’s summary -- Systems requirement for education: Chairman’s summary -- Retraining of industrial personnel in CAD/CAM — users’ experiences: Chairman’s summary -- Management implications of CADCAM implementation: Chairman’s summary -- CAM and the education of production engineers: Chairman’s summary.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1:Technology for CADCAMThe present state of computer-aided engineering industry and education -- CADCAM technology - five years ahead -- CAE - a longer view -- 2:Education for CADCAM -- A computer-aided engineering strategy for a university department of engineering -- Computer-aided design (CAD) in an electrical and electronic engineering degree course -- 3:Training for CADCAM -- Education and training initiatives -- Impact of new technology in the role of the engineering designer -- 4A: Experience in Education -- CAM-CAD education - the Paisley experience -- CAD in the context of engineering business - a necessary educational perspective -- Software engineering in mechanical and production engineering degree courses -- 4B: Experience in Training -- User training for CAE/CAD/CAM - a vendor view -- The management of system change -- 5: Workshop Reviews -- Approaches to teaching CADCAM: Chairman’s summary -- The integration of CAD and CAM - the educational implications: Chairman’s summary -- Integration of CAD and CAM (training implications): Chairman’s summary -- Systems requirement for education: Chairman’s summary -- Retraining of industrial personnel in CAD/CAM - users’ experiences: Chairman’s summary -- Management implications of CADCAM implementation: Chairman’s summary -- CAM and the education of production engineers: Chairman’s summary.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7118-2
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  • 12
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    Fish Energetics : New Perspectives (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401179188
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One: Evolutionary Aspects of Energy Budgets -- 1. Adaptive Aspects of Energy Allocation -- 2. Metabolic Scope in Fishes -- Two: Food and Feeding -- 3. The Application of Optimal Foraging Theory to Feeding Behaviour in Fish -- 4. Energetics of Feeding and Digestion -- 5. Laboratory Methods in Fish Feeding and Nutritional Studies -- 6. Protein and Amino Acid Requirements -- 7. The Hormonal Control of Metabolism and Feeding -- Three: Production -- 8. Growth -- 9. Energetics of Reproduction -- Four: Energy Budgets -- 10. Laboratory Studies of Energy Budgets -- 11. Field Studies of Energy Budgets -- 12. Energetics and Fish Farming -- Systematic Index.
    Abstract: It is almost thirty years since Professor G. G. Winberg established the basis for experimental studies in fish energetics with the publication of his monograph, Rate of Metabolism and Food Requirements of Fishes. His ultimate aim was to develop a scientific approach to fish culture and management, and the immense volume of literature generated in the ensuing years has been mainly in response to the demand for information from a rapidly expanding, world-wide aquaculture industry and to the shortcomings of contemporary practices in fisheries management. The purpose of this book is not to review this literature compre­ hensively, but, assuming an informed readership, to focus attention on topics in which new knowledge and theory are beginning to be applied in practice. Most emphasis has been placed on food; feeding; production (growth and reproduction) and energy budgeting, as these have most influence on the development of fish culture. Some chapters offer practical advice for the selection of methods, and warn of pitfalls in previous approaches. In others the influence of new theory on the interpretation of studies in fish energetics is discussed in the context of resource allocation and adaptation. We hope that the scope of material presented here will have sufficient interest and value to help significantly to fulfil Winberg's original objectives.
    Description / Table of Contents: One: Evolutionary Aspects of Energy Budgets1. Adaptive Aspects of Energy Allocation -- 2. Metabolic Scope in Fishes -- Two: Food and Feeding -- 3. The Application of Optimal Foraging Theory to Feeding Behaviour in Fish -- 4. Energetics of Feeding and Digestion -- 5. Laboratory Methods in Fish Feeding and Nutritional Studies -- 6. Protein and Amino Acid Requirements -- 7. The Hormonal Control of Metabolism and Feeding -- Three: Production -- 8. Growth -- 9. Energetics of Reproduction -- Four: Energy Budgets -- 10. Laboratory Studies of Energy Budgets -- 11. Field Studies of Energy Budgets -- 12. Energetics and Fish Farming -- Systematic Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7918-8
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  • 13
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    Recent Advances in Aquaculture : Volume 2 (1985)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468487367
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 282 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. A review of Ichthyobodo necator (Henneguy, 1883), an Important and Damaging Fish Parasite -- 2. Egg Development (Oogenesis) in the Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) -- 3. Smoltification Physiology in the Culture of Salmonids -- 4. The Biology and Culture of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) with Special Reference to their Utilisation for Weed Control -- Appendix: Parasitic Agents Reported from Grass Carp -- 5. The Aspergilli as Pathogens of Cultured Fishes -- 6. The Role of Dietary Fibre in Fish Nutrition -- 7. Biology and Culture of Sturgeon, Acipenseriformes.
    Abstract: It is a tribute to the vigour of research and development in aquaculture that we are able, in a relatively short time, to provide readers with a second volume in this series, which has such a diversity of high calibre research and developments to report. That the first volume was so well received has been a source of great satisfaction to the editors and supported their conviction as to the need for links to join the research laboratory to the fish farm by making current research available to a wider range of potential users. In this volume. we have changed the balance somewhat towards more specialised subject areas. We make no apology for this. as the modern aquaculture professional is concerned with a wide range of specialisms within the broader content of management and production, and there is every need to present such work in an acceptable format. Furthermore many of these specialised topics have a significance right across the range of production, are often economically criticaL and are therefore of con­ siderable and widespread importance. The first contribution. by Dr Derek Robertson, manager of the Institute of Aquaculture's Howietoun Fish Farm, covers just such a subject.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. A review of Ichthyobodo necator (Henneguy, 1883), an Important and Damaging Fish Parasite2. Egg Development (Oogenesis) in the Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) -- 3. Smoltification Physiology in the Culture of Salmonids -- 4. The Biology and Culture of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) with Special Reference to their Utilisation for Weed Control -- Appendix: Parasitic Agents Reported from Grass Carp -- 5. The Aspergilli as Pathogens of Cultured Fishes -- 6. The Role of Dietary Fibre in Fish Nutrition -- 7. Biology and Culture of Sturgeon, Acipenseriformes.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-8736-7
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  • 14
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    Principles and Applications of Hydrochemistry (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400948365
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Principles of hydrochemistry -- 2.1 Chemical concepts -- 2.2 Physical chemistry applied to natural waters -- References -- Further reading -- 3 Chemical processes in the water cycle -- 3.1 Deposition of soluble substances by rain and snow, fog and rime, and by dry deposition -- 3.2 Processes in the root zone in groundwater recharge areas -- 3.3 Processes in the intermediate zone -- 3.4 Processes in the water saturated zone (groundwater) -- 3.5 Processes in groundwater discharge areas -- 3.6 Processes in lakes and water courses -- 4 Models of reservoirs and the flux of chemical constituents in basins -- 4.1 Concepts and definitions -- 4.2 A conceptual lumped budget model for groundwater recharge areas -- 4.3 A conceptual lumped budget model for groundwater discharge areas -- 4.4 Distributed models and their limitations -- 5 Environmental isotopes in hydrology and hydrochemistry -- 5.1 Radioactive isotopes of hydrogen, carbon and chloride -- 5.2 Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen -- 6 Applications of hydrochemistry and environmental isotopes -- 6.1 Hydrochemical monitoring -- 6.2 Chemical budgets of basins -- 6.3 Use of chloride and environmental isotopes in groundwater investigations -- 6.4 The effects of acid deposition -- Appendices -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- Appendix C.
    Abstract: The International Hydrological Decade (which ended in 1975) led to a revival of hydrological sciences to a degree which, seen in retrospect, is quite spectacular. This research programme had strong government support, no doubt due to an increased awareness of the role of water for prosperous development. Since water quality is an essential ingredient in almost all water use, there was also a considerable interest in hydrochemistry during the Decade. As many concepts in classical hydrology had to be revised during and after the Decade there was also a need for revising hydrochemistry to align it with modern hydrology. A considerable input of fresh knowledge was also made in the recent past by chemists, particularly geochemists, invaluable for understanding the processes of mineralization of natural waters. With all this in mind it seems natural to try to assemble all the present knowledge of hydrochemistry into a book and integrate it with modern hydrology as far as possible, emphasizing the dynamic features of dissolved substances in natural waters. Considering the role of water in nature for transfer of substances, this integration is essential for proper understanding of processes in all related earth sciences. The arrangement of subjects in the book is as follows. After a short introductory chapter comes a chapter on elementary chemical principles of particular use in hydrochemistry.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction2 Principles of hydrochemistry -- 2.1 Chemical concepts -- 2.2 Physical chemistry applied to natural waters -- References -- Further reading -- 3 Chemical processes in the water cycle -- 3.1 Deposition of soluble substances by rain and snow, fog and rime, and by dry deposition -- 3.2 Processes in the root zone in groundwater recharge areas -- 3.3 Processes in the intermediate zone -- 3.4 Processes in the water saturated zone (groundwater) -- 3.5 Processes in groundwater discharge areas -- 3.6 Processes in lakes and water courses -- 4 Models of reservoirs and the flux of chemical constituents in basins -- 4.1 Concepts and definitions -- 4.2 A conceptual lumped budget model for groundwater recharge areas -- 4.3 A conceptual lumped budget model for groundwater discharge areas -- 4.4 Distributed models and their limitations -- 5 Environmental isotopes in hydrology and hydrochemistry -- 5.1 Radioactive isotopes of hydrogen, carbon and chloride -- 5.2 Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen -- 6 Applications of hydrochemistry and environmental isotopes -- 6.1 Hydrochemical monitoring -- 6.2 Chemical budgets of basins -- 6.3 Use of chloride and environmental isotopes in groundwater investigations -- 6.4 The effects of acid deposition -- Appendices -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- Appendix C.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4836-5
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  • 15
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    Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Combustion (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400948525
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Historical background -- 1.1 Early hypotheses -- 1.2 Studies of hydrocarbon combustion, 1930s to mid-1950s -- 1.3 Summary and conclusions -- 1.4 References -- 2 Analytical—phenomenological studies of overall hydrocarbon combustion -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Alkanes -- 2.3 Alkenes -- 2.4 Cycloalkanes and aromatic compounds -- 2.5 References -- 3 Study of elementary reactions involved in hydrocarbon combustion -- 3.1 Conventional indirect methods -- 3.2 Specialized indirect techniques -- 3.3 Direct methods involving production and monitoring of specific atoms or radicals -- 3.4 References -- 4 Some elementary species (other than those containing carbon) involved in combustion -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Hydroxyl (OH) radicals -- 4.3 Hydroperoxy (HO2) radicals -- 4.4 Oxygen (O) atoms -- 4.5 Hydrogen (H) atoms -- 4.6 References -- 5 Elementary carbon-containing species in combustion -- 5.1 Alkyl radicals -- 5.2 Alkylperoxy radicals -- 5.3 Alkoxy radicals -- 5.4 Acyl and acylperoxy radicals -- 5.5 Other hydrocarbon radicals -- 5.6 References -- 6 Pyrolytic reactions of hydrocarbons -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Pyrolysis of alkanes -- 6.3 Pyrolysis of alkenes and dialkenes -- 6.4 Pyrolysis of alkynes -- 6.5 Pyrolysis of cycloalkanes and aromatic compounds -- 6.6 Coke and carbon formation -- 6.7 References -- 7 Prediction of the behaviour of combustion systems: modelling -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Stoichiometric/semikinetic models -- 7.3 Models based on detailed mechanisms -- 7.4 References.
    Abstract: The scientific and economic importance of the high-temperature reactions of hydrocarbons in both the presence and absence of oxygen cannot be overemphasized. A vast chemical industry exists based on feedstocks produced by the controlled pyrolysis of hydrocarbons, while uncontrolled combustion in air is still among the most important sources of heat and mechanical energy. The detonation and explosion of hydrocarbon-oxidant mixtures can however, be a highly dangerous phenomenon which destroys lives and equipment. In order that control can be exerted over combustion processes, a complete description of hydrocarbon oxidation and pyrolysis is required. A major contribution to this is an understanding of the unstable intermediates involved and their reactions. The aim of this book is to review our knowledge of the chemistry of hydrocarbon combustion and to consider the data which are available for relevant reactions. Chapter 1 describes early studies in which the apparent complexity of the chemistry was established and the type of information required for a better understanding was defined. Experimental studies of the overall process which were carried out with the aim of establishing the sequence of stable chemical intermediates and some of the unstable species are described in Chapter 2. The limited nature of the information thus obtained showed that independent studies of individual reactions involving the unstable species were required. In Chapter 3 investigations specifically aimed at the determination of the kinetics of elementary reactions are discussed.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Historical background1.1 Early hypotheses -- 1.2 Studies of hydrocarbon combustion, 1930s to mid-1950s -- 1.3 Summary and conclusions -- 1.4 References -- 2 Analytical-phenomenological studies of overall hydrocarbon combustion -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Alkanes -- 2.3 Alkenes -- 2.4 Cycloalkanes and aromatic compounds -- 2.5 References -- 3 Study of elementary reactions involved in hydrocarbon combustion -- 3.1 Conventional indirect methods -- 3.2 Specialized indirect techniques -- 3.3 Direct methods involving production and monitoring of specific atoms or radicals -- 3.4 References -- 4 Some elementary species (other than those containing carbon) involved in combustion -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Hydroxyl (OH) radicals -- 4.3 Hydroperoxy (HO2) radicals -- 4.4 Oxygen (O) atoms -- 4.5 Hydrogen (H) atoms -- 4.6 References -- 5 Elementary carbon-containing species in combustion -- 5.1 Alkyl radicals -- 5.2 Alkylperoxy radicals -- 5.3 Alkoxy radicals -- 5.4 Acyl and acylperoxy radicals -- 5.5 Other hydrocarbon radicals -- 5.6 References -- 6 Pyrolytic reactions of hydrocarbons -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Pyrolysis of alkanes -- 6.3 Pyrolysis of alkenes and dialkenes -- 6.4 Pyrolysis of alkynes -- 6.5 Pyrolysis of cycloalkanes and aromatic compounds -- 6.6 Coke and carbon formation -- 6.7 References -- 7 Prediction of the behaviour of combustion systems: modelling -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Stoichiometric/semikinetic models -- 7.3 Models based on detailed mechanisms -- 7.4 References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4852-5
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  • 16
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    Methods for the Determination of Vitamins in Food : Recommended by COST 91 (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400949447
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I: Introduction -- 1. Introduction -- II: Recommended Methods -- 2. Vitamin A (Retinol and Retinyl Esters) in Food: HPLC Method -- 3. Carotene in Foodstuffs -- 4. Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) in Foodstuffs: Thiochrome Method -- 5. Vitamin C (Ascorbic and Dehydroascorbic Acids) in Foodstuffs: HPLC Method -- 6. Vitamin C (Ascorbic and Dehydroascorbic Acids) in Foodstuffs: Modified Deutsch and Weeks Fluorimetric Method -- 7. Vitamin C (Ascorbic and Dehydroascorbic Acids) in Food: Sephadex Method -- 8. Vitamin E (Only ?-Tocopherol) in Foodstuffs: HPLC Method -- 9. Free Tocopherols and Tocotrienols (Vitamin E) in Edible Oils and Fats: HPLC Method -- III: Tentative Methods -- 10. Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) in Foodstuffs: HPLC Method -- 11. Vitamin B6 in Foodstuffs: HPLC Method -- 12. Vitamin D in Margarine: HPLC Method -- IV: Annex -- 13. Niacin -- 14. Folacin in Foodstuffs.
    Abstract: In the course of the project COST 91 *, on the Effects of Thermal Processing and Distribution on the Quality and Nutritive Value of Food, it became clear that approved methods were needed for vitamin determination in food. An expert group on vitamins met in March 1981 to set the requirements which these methods must meet. On the basis of these requirements, methods were selected for vitamin A, ~-carotene, vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin C and vitamin E. Unfortunately, for vitamins B2 (riboflavin), B6 and D only tentative methods could be chosen, since the methods available only partially fulfilled the require­ ments set by the expert group. For niacin and folic acid some references only could be given because none of the existing methods satisfied these requirements, and for vitamin B , vitamin K, pantothenic acid and 12 biotin it was not considered possible to give even references. All methods were carefully described in detail so that every laboratory worker could use them without being an expert in vitamin assay. In October 1983 an enlarged expert group on vitamins approved the compilation of methods and approached a publishing house with a view to publication. The editors wish to thank Dr Peter Zeuthen, the leader of the project COST 91, for his interest in their work, and Mr G.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: Introduction1. Introduction -- II: Recommended Methods -- 2. Vitamin A (Retinol and Retinyl Esters) in Food: HPLC Method -- 3. Carotene in Foodstuffs -- 4. Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) in Foodstuffs: Thiochrome Method -- 5. Vitamin C (Ascorbic and Dehydroascorbic Acids) in Foodstuffs: HPLC Method -- 6. Vitamin C (Ascorbic and Dehydroascorbic Acids) in Foodstuffs: Modified Deutsch and Weeks Fluorimetric Method -- 7. Vitamin C (Ascorbic and Dehydroascorbic Acids) in Food: Sephadex Method -- 8. Vitamin E (Only ?-Tocopherol) in Foodstuffs: HPLC Method -- 9. Free Tocopherols and Tocotrienols (Vitamin E) in Edible Oils and Fats: HPLC Method -- III: Tentative Methods -- 10. Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) in Foodstuffs: HPLC Method -- 11. Vitamin B6 in Foodstuffs: HPLC Method -- 12. Vitamin D in Margarine: HPLC Method -- IV: Annex -- 13. Niacin -- 14. Folacin in Foodstuffs.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4944-7
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  • 17
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    Using and programming the Epson HX-20 portable computer (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400948624
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: What this book covers -- some applications of portable computers -- 1. Which computer? -- Developing a selection methodology -- computers v. terminals -- portables v. hand-helds v. transportables v. plug-ins -- the ideal portable -- what to look for in a portable -- Summary — 20 portables on the market -- 2. The HX-20 -- to the HX-20 -- the hardware components -- environmental considerations -- documentation and technical support -- warranty -- prices -- 3. HX-20 BASIC -- Why and how to learn BASIC -- what to get in HX-20 BASIC -- what HX-20 BASIC is missing -- 4. Using and writing BASIC programs -- Finding and entering BASIC programs -- tips on converting programs written for other machines -- programming tips -- some BASIC programs and subroutines -- 5. The 6301 microprocessor -- Basic concepts -- to machine architecture -- programming the 6301 -- interrupts -- the real-time clock -- 6. Assembly language -- Why use machine/assembly language? an assembler -- other assemblers -- storing machine code into memory -- using the Monitor as a learning tool -- assembly language coding hints -- sample program -- 7. Forth -- An introduction to the language -- description of HCCS Forth -- 8. Communications -- The why of data communications -- The how of data communications -- 9. Word processing -- Word processing on the HX-20 -- Ffosswriter -- SkiWriter -- Intext -- Other WP/Editing programs -- 10. Inventory/stock tracking -- What to look for in an inventory system -- available inventory software -- bar code readers and software -- technical information on bar codes -- bar code printing program -- 11. Software and systems -- Packaged software and systems from the US, UK and Australia -- 12. Peripherals -- Different peripherals available: what they do, how they connect, where to get them -- 13. Operating tips -- Appendix A: Vendor List -- Where to go to buy software, hardware, supplies -- Appendix B: Where to go for more information Magazines -- Magazines, newsletters, user’s groups -- Appendix C: Portable Computer Manufacturers -- Appendix D: System Reference -- Appendix E: Computer Terminology -- Glossary of the familiar but different, as well as the totally unfamiliar.
    Abstract: Why this book? Other than the fact that I like writing about computers more than just about anything else, this book fills several real needs. No matter how many manuals a computer manufacturer puts out to accompany a syste- and some of Epson America's are very good - not everything can be covered. This book fills in the gaps. This book is unbiased, having been written independently of Epson. So, I won't be telling you to drop everything and run out to buy an HX-20. The HX- 20 is good for some uses, not so good for some others. This book is a guide to out of the machine and/or pointing you towards a different getting the most machine that might better suit your needs. At the start of this project I had to decide who was my target audience: novices, experts, or those in between? Because HX-20 owners and prospective owners don't fall into neat categories, I tried to 'cover all the bases'. Or at least as many as possible. As with any attempt to do everything, I didn't always succeed. But I did succeed in providing at least something for everyone. For those who haven't yet bought a portable - or are unsure if buying an HX-20 was the right move - there are descriptions of 20 other portables on the market. For those who have used other computers before, there's information on how Epson BASIC differs from other BASICs, with tips on converting programs.
    Description / Table of Contents: What this book coverssome applications of portable computers -- 1. Which computer? -- Developing a selection methodology -- computers v. terminals -- portables v. hand-helds v. transportables v. plug-ins -- the ideal portable -- what to look for in a portable -- Summary - 20 portables on the market -- 2. The HX-20 -- to the HX-20 -- the hardware components -- environmental considerations -- documentation and technical support -- warranty -- prices -- 3. HX-20 BASIC -- Why and how to learn BASIC -- what to get in HX-20 BASIC -- what HX-20 BASIC is missing -- 4. Using and writing BASIC programs -- Finding and entering BASIC programs -- tips on converting programs written for other machines -- programming tips -- some BASIC programs and subroutines -- 5. The 6301 microprocessor -- Basic concepts -- to machine architecture -- programming the 6301 -- interrupts -- the real-time clock -- 6. Assembly language -- Why use machine/assembly language? an assembler -- other assemblers -- storing machine code into memory -- using the Monitor as a learning tool -- assembly language coding hints -- sample program -- 7. Forth -- An introduction to the language -- description of HCCS Forth -- 8. Communications -- The why of data communications -- The how of data communications -- 9. Word processing -- Word processing on the HX-20 -- Ffosswriter -- SkiWriter -- Intext -- Other WP/Editing programs -- 10. Inventory/stock tracking -- What to look for in an inventory system -- available inventory software -- bar code readers and software -- technical information on bar codes -- bar code printing program -- 11. Software and systems -- Packaged software and systems from the US, UK and Australia -- 12. Peripherals -- Different peripherals available: what they do, how they connect, where to get them -- 13. Operating tips -- Appendix A: Vendor List -- Where to go to buy software, hardware, supplies -- Appendix B: Where to go for more information Magazines -- Magazines, newsletters, user’s groups -- Appendix C: Portable Computer Manufacturers -- Appendix D: System Reference -- Appendix E: Computer Terminology -- Glossary of the familiar but different, as well as the totally unfamiliar.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4862-4
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  • 18
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    Developments in Injection Moulding-3 (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400949461
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Injection Moulding Derivatives -- 2. Mould Manufacture -- 3. Computer-Aided Part and Mould Design -- 4. Sprueless and Runnerless Moulding -- 5. Mould Cooling Circuits by Computer -- 6. The Injection Moulding of Reinforced Thermoplastics -- 7. The Rheology and Injection Moulding of Reinforced and Liquid Crystalline Polymers.
    Abstract: In the field of polymer technology, injection moulding is the most important moulding process. Because of the size of that industry and the rate of development which it attracts, it is impossible to present, in a single reasonably sized volume, all of the developments that have taken place in recent years. The purpose of this book is therefore to present selected topics which contribute to, or exemplify, develop­ ments in this important area. Each year considerable development takes place in the area of machine and process control and these developments receive con­ siderable publicity in the trade press. Another area which advances at the same pace, but which seems to receive far less publicity, although it is equally important, is the area of mould design and manufacture. It is important because profitability is dependent upon the design, manufacture and operation of the mould. It is for this reason that several chapters relating to mould design have been included in this, the third volume in this series. The topics covered include advances in mould manufacture, the use of runnerless systems to aid productivity, and others showing how the applications of computers can greatly assist the moulder to obtain a more productive unit.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Injection Moulding Derivatives2. Mould Manufacture -- 3. Computer-Aided Part and Mould Design -- 4. Sprueless and Runnerless Moulding -- 5. Mould Cooling Circuits by Computer -- 6. The Injection Moulding of Reinforced Thermoplastics -- 7. The Rheology and Injection Moulding of Reinforced and Liquid Crystalline Polymers.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4946-1
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  • 19
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    Developments in Dairy Chemistry-3 : Lactose and Minor Constituents (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400949508
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Lactose: Chemical and Physicochemical Properties -- 2. Developments in the Chemistry and Chemical Modification of Lactose -- 3. Modification of Lactose and Lactose-containing Dairy Products with ?-Galactosidase -- 4. Nutritional Significance of Lactose: I. Nutritional Aspects of Lactose Digestion -- 5. Nutritional Significance of Lactose: II. Metabolism and Toxicity of Galactose -- 6. The Milk Salts: Their Secretion, Concentrations and Physical Chemistry -- 7. Nutritional Aspects of Minerals in Bovine and Human Milks -- 8. Flavour of Milk and Milk Products -- 9. Indigenous Milk Enzymes -- 10. The Biological Significance of the Non-immunoglobulin Protective Proteins in Milk: Lysozyme, Lactoferrin, Lactoperoxidase -- 11. Vitamins in Bovine and Human Milks.
    Abstract: This volume is the third in the series on the chemistry and physical chemistry of milk constituents. Volumes 1 and 2 dealt with the com­ mercially more important constituents, proteins and lipids, respectively. Although the constituents covered in this volume are of less direct commercial importance than the former two, they are nevertheless of major significance in the chemical, physical, technological, nutritional and physiological properties of milk. Lactose, the principal component of the milks of most species, is a rather unique sugar in many respects---it has been referred to as one of Nature's paradoxes. It is also the principal component in concentrated and dehydrated dairy products, many of the properties of which reflect those of lactose. The chemistry and principal properties of lactose have been thoroughly researched over the years and relatively little new information is available on these aspects; this new knowledge, as well as some of the older literature, is reviewed in Chapter 1.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Lactose: Chemical and Physicochemical Properties2. Developments in the Chemistry and Chemical Modification of Lactose -- 3. Modification of Lactose and Lactose-containing Dairy Products with ?-Galactosidase -- 4. Nutritional Significance of Lactose: I. Nutritional Aspects of Lactose Digestion -- 5. Nutritional Significance of Lactose: II. Metabolism and Toxicity of Galactose -- 6. The Milk Salts: Their Secretion, Concentrations and Physical Chemistry -- 7. Nutritional Aspects of Minerals in Bovine and Human Milks -- 8. Flavour of Milk and Milk Products -- 9. Indigenous Milk Enzymes -- 10. The Biological Significance of the Non-immunoglobulin Protective Proteins in Milk: Lysozyme, Lactoferrin, Lactoperoxidase -- 11. Vitamins in Bovine and Human Milks.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4950-8
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  • 20
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    Empirical Foundations of Information and Software Science (1985)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461325215
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Symposium Opening Addresses -- 1. Information Value -- Information About How to Retrieve Information: Its Relation to the Information Retrieved -- Implication of User’s Value Perception for the Design of a Bibliographic Retrieval System -- Value of Information in Supervisory Control -- On the Value of Information in Systems Design: A Framework for Understanding and Aiding Designers -- 2. Information in Interactive Context -- Experiences with Changeable Informative Texts in Guiding Users of the On-Line Interactive ABC-System -- Computer-Aided Searching of Bibliographic Data Bases: Online Estimation of the Value of Information -- A System for Imbedding Data Displays in Graphical Contexts -- Human Factors Issues of Manuals, Online Help, and Tutorials -- 3. Aids for Man-Machine Interaction -- Computer Graphics and a Revised Concept of Dependence and Independence -- Designing a Human-Computer Interface with Software Specification Techniques -- Empirical Methods in the BTU-Project -- The Use of Multi-Level Adaptable User Interfaces in Improving User-Computer Interaction -- 4. Assessment of Information Effects -- Empirical Investigation of Aids for Non-Programming Users in Developing Cost-Effective Requirements Specifications -- The Effect of Comments, Mnemonic Names, and Modularity: Some University Experiment Results -- Rationale for Comments: The Effect on Programming Languages and Implementation -- 5. Software Metrics -- A Measure of Program Clarity for Modular Programming Systems -- Measuring Software Complexity: The Syntactic Dimension -- An Experimental Study of the Logical Complexity of Data Structures -- PARTIAL: A Software Tool for the Development of Ada Programs -- 6. Information Mapping and Retrieval -- Document Ranking Methodology for Conventional Boolean Retrieval Systems -- On Generating Semantic Dispositions in a Given Subject Domain -- 7. Methodological Issues -- The Impact on “Informational Entropy” of Disproof of the Boltzmann Relation -- Information Measurement in Natural and Artificial Systems -- On the Validation of Computer Science Theories -- Software Science — A Heuristic Approach -- 8. Software and System Models -- Flexible Software Models for Quality Assessments of Interactive Information Systems -- Value of Formal Information Systems Models for a Flexible Reorganization in an Insurance Company -- 9. Software Tools and Techniques -- A Spelling Checker Based on Affix Classes -- On Penetrance and Branching Factor for Search Trees -- Automatic Program Description: A Compiler Based Approach -- 10. Workshops -- Workshop on Research Directions and Opportunities I: Current Programs -- Workshop on Research Directions and Opportunities II: Prospects and Open Problems. Synopsis by E. C Weiss, the Workshop Chairman.
    Abstract: The purpose of the Second Symposium on Empirical Foundations of Informa­ tion and Software Science (EFISS) was, in essence, the same as that of the First Symposium in this series, i. e. to explore subjects and methods of sci­ entific inquiry which are of fundamental and common interest to information and software sciences, and to map directions of research that will benefit from the mutual interaction of these two fields. In fact, one of the most important results of the First EFISS Symposium was the conclusion that the commonality of these two sciences is much more than just the commonality of their objects of study, namely, the study of informative and prescriptive properties of texts in all kinds of sign sys­ tems (such as natural or artificial languages). Rather, the most challeng­ ing problems appear to be in the areas in which both these sciences overlap, such as, for instance, the problem of trade-offs between informative and prescriptive uses of texts. This problem can be formulated in generic terms as follows: given a certain kind of action or activity which has been pre­ scribed to some agent, i. e. which is required to be implemented or carried out, what kind of information should be provided to the agent, in what form, and how should it be distributed over the contextual structure of the pre­ scriptive text to enable the agent to carry out the action or activity most effectively and efficiently.
    Description / Table of Contents: Symposium Opening Addresses1. Information Value -- Information About How to Retrieve Information: Its Relation to the Information Retrieved -- Implication of User’s Value Perception for the Design of a Bibliographic Retrieval System -- Value of Information in Supervisory Control -- On the Value of Information in Systems Design: A Framework for Understanding and Aiding Designers -- 2. Information in Interactive Context -- Experiences with Changeable Informative Texts in Guiding Users of the On-Line Interactive ABC-System -- Computer-Aided Searching of Bibliographic Data Bases: Online Estimation of the Value of Information -- A System for Imbedding Data Displays in Graphical Contexts -- Human Factors Issues of Manuals, Online Help, and Tutorials -- 3. Aids for Man-Machine Interaction -- Computer Graphics and a Revised Concept of Dependence and Independence -- Designing a Human-Computer Interface with Software Specification Techniques -- Empirical Methods in the BTU-Project -- The Use of Multi-Level Adaptable User Interfaces in Improving User-Computer Interaction -- 4. Assessment of Information Effects -- Empirical Investigation of Aids for Non-Programming Users in Developing Cost-Effective Requirements Specifications -- The Effect of Comments, Mnemonic Names, and Modularity: Some University Experiment Results -- Rationale for Comments: The Effect on Programming Languages and Implementation -- 5. Software Metrics -- A Measure of Program Clarity for Modular Programming Systems -- Measuring Software Complexity: The Syntactic Dimension -- An Experimental Study of the Logical Complexity of Data Structures -- PARTIAL: A Software Tool for the Development of Ada Programs -- 6. Information Mapping and Retrieval -- Document Ranking Methodology for Conventional Boolean Retrieval Systems -- On Generating Semantic Dispositions in a Given Subject Domain -- 7. Methodological Issues -- The Impact on “Informational Entropy” of Disproof of the Boltzmann Relation -- Information Measurement in Natural and Artificial Systems -- On the Validation of Computer Science Theories -- Software Science - A Heuristic Approach -- 8. Software and System Models -- Flexible Software Models for Quality Assessments of Interactive Information Systems -- Value of Formal Information Systems Models for a Flexible Reorganization in an Insurance Company -- 9. Software Tools and Techniques -- A Spelling Checker Based on Affix Classes -- On Penetrance and Branching Factor for Search Trees -- Automatic Program Description: A Compiler Based Approach -- 10. Workshops -- Workshop on Research Directions and Opportunities I: Current Programs -- Workshop on Research Directions and Opportunities II: Prospects and Open Problems. Synopsis by E. C Weiss, the Workshop Chairman.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2521-5
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  • 21
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    Handbook of Pultrusion Technology (1985)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468477641
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1: General Information -- Description of Pultrusion Composite -- Description of Pultrusion Process -- Description of Pultrusion Machine -- History of the Pultrusion Process -- Pultrusion Markets -- 2: Pultrusion Part Design -- FRP Mechanical Property Design Criteria -- Structural Shapes -- Hollow Shapes -- Pultrusion Part Standard Tolerances -- Fabrication Techniques -- Mechanical Fasteners -- Adhesive Bonding -- Pultruded Product Case Histories -- 3: Pultrusion Die Design -- Pultrusion Die Design Suggestions -- Specific Pultrusion Die Design Criteria -- Special Pultrusion Die Considerations -- 4: FRP Raw Materials -- Unsaturated Polyester Resins -- Other Resins -- Thermoplastic Additives -- Inorganic Fillers -- Fibrous Reinforcements -- Organic Peroxides -- Internal Release Agents -- Pigments -- Additives -- Surfacing Mats and Veils -- 5: Formulations and Preparation -- Preparing Resin Mixes -- In Process Testing -- Published Formulations -- 6: Pultrusion Machines -- Brenner Pultrusion Machine -- Goldsworthy Machines -- Martin Hydraulics Machines -- Mec-Pro Corporation Machines -- Pultrusion Technology Machines -- Gatto Machinery Development Corp. Machines -- Morrison Molded Fiber Glass Company Machines -- 7: Pultrusion Machine Operation -- Calculating Glass Reinforcement Requirements -- Pultrusion Machine Start-up -- Pultrusion Resin System Comparison -- Pultruded Flat Sheets -- Annotated Bibliography -- Appendix A: Annotated Bibliography Authors Index By Item Numbers -- Appendix B: Glossary -- Appendix C: Pultrusion Product Trade Names -- Appendix D: List of trade Names -- Appendix E: Manufacturers Addresses -- Appendix F: List of Professional Organizations.
    Abstract: We have needed this book for some time. There is a very wide spectrum of management personnel, engineers in continuing education, specifiers, designers, graduate students--not to omit investors-who need this material as an intensive short course and reference work permanently at hand. Even in recession conditions the pultruded product business has grown by double-digit percentages, and this level of demand will continue as the U. S. infrastructure is renovated. Demand has stirred competition, in turn leading to product refinement. This technology development is taking place in materials, such as processable epoxy systems; in exotic but reliable production systems; and in mold/part complexity. The Handbook of Pultrusion Technology is essential to orient us in the fundamentals. The substance in Ray Meyer's treatment of this RP process is not available in any other compilation. Joseph S. McDermott, Manager Reinforced Plastics/Composites Institute The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. vii Preface Since my retirement five years ago I have had several oppor­ tunities to review my files and draft reports on pultrusion, especially for overseas clients. This book resulted from organ­ izing and updating these reports and filling in some of the gaps in my information.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1: General InformationDescription of Pultrusion Composite -- Description of Pultrusion Process -- Description of Pultrusion Machine -- History of the Pultrusion Process -- Pultrusion Markets -- 2: Pultrusion Part Design -- FRP Mechanical Property Design Criteria -- Structural Shapes -- Hollow Shapes -- Pultrusion Part Standard Tolerances -- Fabrication Techniques -- Mechanical Fasteners -- Adhesive Bonding -- Pultruded Product Case Histories -- 3: Pultrusion Die Design -- Pultrusion Die Design Suggestions -- Specific Pultrusion Die Design Criteria -- Special Pultrusion Die Considerations -- 4: FRP Raw Materials -- Unsaturated Polyester Resins -- Other Resins -- Thermoplastic Additives -- Inorganic Fillers -- Fibrous Reinforcements -- Organic Peroxides -- Internal Release Agents -- Pigments -- Additives -- Surfacing Mats and Veils -- 5: Formulations and Preparation -- Preparing Resin Mixes -- In Process Testing -- Published Formulations -- 6: Pultrusion Machines -- Brenner Pultrusion Machine -- Goldsworthy Machines -- Martin Hydraulics Machines -- Mec-Pro Corporation Machines -- Pultrusion Technology Machines -- Gatto Machinery Development Corp. Machines -- Morrison Molded Fiber Glass Company Machines -- 7: Pultrusion Machine Operation -- Calculating Glass Reinforcement Requirements -- Pultrusion Machine Start-up -- Pultrusion Resin System Comparison -- Pultruded Flat Sheets -- Annotated Bibliography -- Appendix A: Annotated Bibliography Authors Index By Item Numbers -- Appendix B: Glossary -- Appendix C: Pultrusion Product Trade Names -- Appendix D: List of trade Names -- Appendix E: Manufacturers Addresses -- Appendix F: List of Professional Organizations.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-7764-1
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  • 22
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    Aphrodisiacs : The Science and the Myth (1985)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468467000
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction: The Nature of Aphrodisiacs -- What are Aphrodisiacs? -- Aphrodisiacs and the Law -- Advertising Aphrodisiacs -- 2. The Ancient Traditions -- The Hindu Tradition -- China and the Far East -- The Near East -- The Greek Tradition -- The Roman Tradition -- The Arab Tradition -- 3. Magic Charms, Potions and Philtres -- Sex and Magic -- Hippomanes -- Cockle-bread -- Dragon’s Blood -- John the Conqueror Root -- Magical Love Charms -- 4. Herbalism and Quackery -- Herbalism -- Witchcraft and the Church -- Vegetable Aphrodisiacs -- Ginseng -- The Legacy of the Herbalists -- Quackery -- Aphrodisiacs in Early Materiae Medicae -- Modern Quackery and Pseudo-science -- 5. The Classical Aphrodisiacs -- Rhinoceros Horn -- Spanish Flies -- The Mandrake -- Alcohol -- 6. The Scientific Approach to Sex and Aphrodisiacs -- Endocrinology of Sexual Function -- The Nature of the Sex Hormones -- Forms of Sexual Inadequacy -- The Origin of the Erection -- Physiology of the Erection and Ejaculation -- Testicular Transplants: the Monkey Gland Story -- The Therapeutic Role of Testosterone -- Prolactin -- Oral Contraceptives and Frigidity -- Use of Sex Hormones as Anaphrodisiacs -- Assessing the Effects of Potential Aphrodisiacs -- The Placebo -- 7. Drugs of Abuse -- Amphetamines -- Cannabis -- Cocaine -- Opium and the Narcotic Analgesics -- Nicotine -- Nitrites -- Nutmeg -- LSD and the Psychedelic Drugs -- Hypnotics and Sedatives -- Kola, Khat and Other Stimulants -- 8. Drugs used Clinically as Aphrodisiacs -- The Use and Limitations of Testosterone -- Yohimbine -- Strychnine -- Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone (LHRH) -- Dopamine and Sexual Function -- Serotonin and Sexual Function -- Drugs with Aphrodisiac Side-effects -- Drugs with Anaphrodisiac Side-effects -- 9. Aphrodisiacs in the Future -- Pheromones -- Perfumes -- Aromatherapy -- Bodily Secretions -- Brain Stimulation -- Subliminal Stimulation -- Conclusion -- Appendix 1: List of Aphrodisiacs -- Appendix 2: Effects of Drugs on the Nervous System.
    Abstract: The planning and writing of this book has taken rather longer than I had originally intended; what began as a modest literary project for two second-year medical students has expanded over eight years to become a complete book. The subject matter lent itself all too easily to a sen­ sationalist approach yet, on the other hand, a strictly scientific approach would probably have resulted in a dull dry text of little interest to the general reader. I have therefore attempted to bridge the gap and make the book intelligible and entertaining to the non-special­ ist, but at the same time ensuring that it is factually correct and adequately researched for the scientist or clinician. I have always been impressed by Sir J .G. Frazer's introduction to his classic book The Golden Bough in which he apologizes for the fact that an article originally intended merely to explain the rules of succession to the priesthood of Diana at Aricia had expanded, over a period of thirty years, to twelve volumes. The present work cannot pretend to such heady levels of academic excellence.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction: The Nature of AphrodisiacsWhat are Aphrodisiacs? -- Aphrodisiacs and the Law -- Advertising Aphrodisiacs -- 2. The Ancient Traditions -- The Hindu Tradition -- China and the Far East -- The Near East -- The Greek Tradition -- The Roman Tradition -- The Arab Tradition -- 3. Magic Charms, Potions and Philtres -- Sex and Magic -- Hippomanes -- Cockle-bread -- Dragon’s Blood -- John the Conqueror Root -- Magical Love Charms -- 4. Herbalism and Quackery -- Herbalism -- Witchcraft and the Church -- Vegetable Aphrodisiacs -- Ginseng -- The Legacy of the Herbalists -- Quackery -- Aphrodisiacs in Early Materiae Medicae -- Modern Quackery and Pseudo-science -- 5. The Classical Aphrodisiacs -- Rhinoceros Horn -- Spanish Flies -- The Mandrake -- Alcohol -- 6. The Scientific Approach to Sex and Aphrodisiacs -- Endocrinology of Sexual Function -- The Nature of the Sex Hormones -- Forms of Sexual Inadequacy -- The Origin of the Erection -- Physiology of the Erection and Ejaculation -- Testicular Transplants: the Monkey Gland Story -- The Therapeutic Role of Testosterone -- Prolactin -- Oral Contraceptives and Frigidity -- Use of Sex Hormones as Anaphrodisiacs -- Assessing the Effects of Potential Aphrodisiacs -- The Placebo -- 7. Drugs of Abuse -- Amphetamines -- Cannabis -- Cocaine -- Opium and the Narcotic Analgesics -- Nicotine -- Nitrites -- Nutmeg -- LSD and the Psychedelic Drugs -- Hypnotics and Sedatives -- Kola, Khat and Other Stimulants -- 8. Drugs used Clinically as Aphrodisiacs -- The Use and Limitations of Testosterone -- Yohimbine -- Strychnine -- Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone (LHRH) -- Dopamine and Sexual Function -- Serotonin and Sexual Function -- Drugs with Aphrodisiac Side-effects -- Drugs with Anaphrodisiac Side-effects -- 9. Aphrodisiacs in the Future -- Pheromones -- Perfumes -- Aromatherapy -- Bodily Secretions -- Brain Stimulation -- Subliminal Stimulation -- Conclusion -- Appendix 1: List of Aphrodisiacs -- Appendix 2: Effects of Drugs on the Nervous System.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-6700-0
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  • 23
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    Chromatographic Methods (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400940932
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction to chromatography -- 1.2 Historical aspects of chromatography -- 1.3 Classification of chromatographic methods -- References -- 2 Theoretical considerations -- 2.1 Factors influencing retention -- 2.2 Theory of separations and retention characteristics -- 2.3 Column efficiency -- 2.4 Band broadening -- 2.5 Resolution -- 2.6 Quantitation in chromatography -- References -- 3 Plane chromatography -- 3.1 Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) -- 3.2 Paper chromatography (PC) -- 3.3 Electrophoresis -- References -- 4 Liquid phase chromatography on open columns -- 4.1 Practical aspects/considerations -- 4.2 Modes of chromatography -- 4.3 Adsorption chromatography -- 4.4 Partition column chromatography -- 4.5 Ion-exchange chromatography -- 4.6 Salting out chromatography -- 4.7 Inorganic ion-exchangers -- 4.8 Liquid ion-exchangers -- 4.9 Gel ion-exchangers -- 4.10 Gel chromatography -- 4.11 Affinity chromatography -- 4.12 Covalent chromatography -- 4.13 Chromatofocusing -- References -- 5 Gas chromatography (GC) -- 5.1 Principles of GC -- 5.2 GC instrumentation -- 5.3 Sampling techniques -- 5.4 The column and column oven -- 5.5 Detectors for GC -- 5.6 Capillary column gas chromatography -- 5.7 Applications of GC -- 5.8 Gas-solid chromatography -- References -- 6 High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) -- 6.1 Modes of chromatography -- 6.2 Overview of HPLC instrumentation -- 6.3 Theory -- 6.4 Detailed discussion of HPLC instrumentation -- 6.5 Column packings and stationary phases for LC -- 6.6 Adsorption chromatography -- 6.7 Liquid-liquid partition chromatography (LLC) -- 6.8 Chemically-bonded stationary phases (BP) for HPLC -- 6.9 Chiral stationary phases -- 6.10 Ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) -- 6.11 Ion pairing -- 6.12 Size exclusion chromatography -- 6.13 LC method development -- 6.14 Quantitative analysis -- 6.15 Preparative liquid chromatography (PLC) -- 6.16 Microcolumns in liquid chromatography -- 6.17 Applications of HPLC -- References -- 7 Spectroscopic techniques and chromatography -- 7.1 Chromatographic requirements -- 7.2 Mass spectroscopy-chromatographic techniques (GC-MS, HPLC-MS) -- 7.3 Infrared spectrophotometry -- 7.4 UV-visible spectrophotometry -- 7.5 Atomic spectroscopy -- References -- 8 Processing of chromatographic data -- 8.1 Methods of recording the chromatographic signal -- 8.2 Data collection and processing -- References -- 9 Model experiments in chromatographic techniques -- 9.1 List of experiments -- 9.2 Section A. Paper chromatography -- 9.3 Section B. Electrophoresis and related techniques -- 9.4 Section C. Thin-layer chromatography -- 9.5 Section D. Column chromatography -- 9.6 Section E. Gas chromatography -- 9.7 Section F. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) -- References.
    Abstract: In recent years the techniques of chromatography have progressed rapidly. However, the aims and objectives of the First Edition, as quoted below, are just as relevant today as they undoubtedly were in 1963. 'The various methods of separating mixtures which are grouped under the general name chromatography are now well known and widely used. Since the inception of chromatography as a column technique in 1903, the principal landmarks in its progress have been its virtual rediscovery in the 1930s, the invention of synthetic resins in 1935, the introduction of paper chromatography in the early 1940s and finally, the development of gas solid and gas liquid chromatography in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Subsequent expansion in the use of chromatographic methods has been rapid and continuous, with the result that in the last 15 years a substantial volume of literature on the subject has appeared, dealing not only with particular separations but also in much specific detail with improvements in technique.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction1.1 Introduction to chromatography -- 1.2 Historical aspects of chromatography -- 1.3 Classification of chromatographic methods -- References -- 2 Theoretical considerations -- 2.1 Factors influencing retention -- 2.2 Theory of separations and retention characteristics -- 2.3 Column efficiency -- 2.4 Band broadening -- 2.5 Resolution -- 2.6 Quantitation in chromatography -- References -- 3 Plane chromatography -- 3.1 Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) -- 3.2 Paper chromatography (PC) -- 3.3 Electrophoresis -- References -- 4 Liquid phase chromatography on open columns -- 4.1 Practical aspects/considerations -- 4.2 Modes of chromatography -- 4.3 Adsorption chromatography -- 4.4 Partition column chromatography -- 4.5 Ion-exchange chromatography -- 4.6 Salting out chromatography -- 4.7 Inorganic ion-exchangers -- 4.8 Liquid ion-exchangers -- 4.9 Gel ion-exchangers -- 4.10 Gel chromatography -- 4.11 Affinity chromatography -- 4.12 Covalent chromatography -- 4.13 Chromatofocusing -- References -- 5 Gas chromatography (GC) -- 5.1 Principles of GC -- 5.2 GC instrumentation -- 5.3 Sampling techniques -- 5.4 The column and column oven -- 5.5 Detectors for GC -- 5.6 Capillary column gas chromatography -- 5.7 Applications of GC -- 5.8 Gas-solid chromatography -- References -- 6 High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) -- 6.1 Modes of chromatography -- 6.2 Overview of HPLC instrumentation -- 6.3 Theory -- 6.4 Detailed discussion of HPLC instrumentation -- 6.5 Column packings and stationary phases for LC -- 6.6 Adsorption chromatography -- 6.7 Liquid-liquid partition chromatography (LLC) -- 6.8 Chemically-bonded stationary phases (BP) for HPLC -- 6.9 Chiral stationary phases -- 6.10 Ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) -- 6.11 Ion pairing -- 6.12 Size exclusion chromatography -- 6.13 LC method development -- 6.14 Quantitative analysis -- 6.15 Preparative liquid chromatography (PLC) -- 6.16 Microcolumns in liquid chromatography -- 6.17 Applications of HPLC -- References -- 7 Spectroscopic techniques and chromatography -- 7.1 Chromatographic requirements -- 7.2 Mass spectroscopy-chromatographic techniques (GC-MS, HPLC-MS) -- 7.3 Infrared spectrophotometry -- 7.4 UV-visible spectrophotometry -- 7.5 Atomic spectroscopy -- References -- 8 Processing of chromatographic data -- 8.1 Methods of recording the chromatographic signal -- 8.2 Data collection and processing -- References -- 9 Model experiments in chromatographic techniques -- 9.1 List of experiments -- 9.2 Section A. Paper chromatography -- 9.3 Section B. Electrophoresis and related techniques -- 9.4 Section C. Thin-layer chromatography -- 9.5 Section D. Column chromatography -- 9.6 Section E. Gas chromatography -- 9.7 Section F. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4093-2
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  • 24
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    Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Amino Acids (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400948327
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Nomenclature of Amino Acids -- The Protein Amino Acids -- Beta and Higher Homologous Amino Acids -- The Non-Protein Amino Acids -- Metabolic and Pharmacological Studies -- The Biosynthesis of Amino Acids in Plants -- Enzyme Inhibition by Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- Synthesis of Amino Acids -- Protected Amino Acids in Peptide Synthesis -- Resolution of Amino Acids -- Reactions of Amino Acids -- Degradation of Amino Acids Accompanying in vitro Protein Hydrolysis -- Racemization of Amino Acids -- Ion-Exchange Separation of Amino Acids -- Liquid Chromatography of Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Separation of Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- Mass Spectrometry of Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- The Optical Rotatory Dispersion and Circular Dichroism of Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- Colorimetric and Fluorimetric Detection of Amino Acids -- Physical Properties of Amino Acid Solutions -- X-Ray Crystal Structures of Amino Acids and Selected Derivatives.
    Abstract: Amino acids are featured in course syllabuses and in project and research work over a wide spectrum of subject areas in chemistry and biology. Chemists and biochemists using amino acids have many common needs when they turn to the literature for comprehensive information. Among these common interests, analytical studies, in particular, have undergone rapid development in recent years. All other chemical and biochemical aspects of amino acids - synthesis, properties and reactions, preparation of derivatives for use in peptide synthesis, racemization and other fundamental mechanistic knowledge - have been the subject of vigorous progress. This book offers a thorough treatment of all these developing areas, and is structured in the belief that biochemists, physiologists and others will profit from access to information on topics such as the physical chemistry of amino acid solutions, as well as from thorough coverage of amino acid metabolism, biosynthesis and enzyme inhibition; and that chemists will find relevant material in biological areas as well as in the analysis, synthesis and reactions of amino acids.
    Description / Table of Contents: Nomenclature of Amino AcidsThe Protein Amino Acids -- Beta and Higher Homologous Amino Acids -- The Non-Protein Amino Acids -- Metabolic and Pharmacological Studies -- The Biosynthesis of Amino Acids in Plants -- Enzyme Inhibition by Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- Synthesis of Amino Acids -- Protected Amino Acids in Peptide Synthesis -- Resolution of Amino Acids -- Reactions of Amino Acids -- Degradation of Amino Acids Accompanying in vitro Protein Hydrolysis -- Racemization of Amino Acids -- Ion-Exchange Separation of Amino Acids -- Liquid Chromatography of Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Separation of Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- Mass Spectrometry of Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- The Optical Rotatory Dispersion and Circular Dichroism of Amino Acids and their Derivatives -- Colorimetric and Fluorimetric Detection of Amino Acids -- Physical Properties of Amino Acid Solutions -- X-Ray Crystal Structures of Amino Acids and Selected Derivatives.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4832-7
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  • 25
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    Computing Techniques for Robots (1985)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468468618
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- Robotic Practice 10; Exploiting Mathematics 11; Making Sense of Sensors 12; Computing for Design 13; Future Directions 14 -- I: Sensor Information Processing -- 2 A method for grasping randomly oriented objects using touch sensing -- 3 Method of contour recognition -- 4 The design of sensors for a mobile teleoperator robot -- II: Mathematical Concerns -- 5 Constrained average path tracking for industrial robots -- 6 The application of spline functions to trajectory generation for computer-controlled manipulators -- 7 Kinematic equations of robot manipulators -- 8 Solution of kinematic equations for robot manipulators -- III: Practical Concerns -- 9 A strategy to achieve an assembly by means of an inaccurate, flexible robot -- 10 Trajectory planning for a multi-arm robot in an assembly task -- 11 Cooperation of two manipulators in assembly tasks -- IV: Computer Aids to Robot Design -- 12 A CAD system for programming and simulating robots’ actions -- 13 The development of a suite of programs for the analysis of mechanisms.
    Abstract: I. ALEKSANDER Kobler Unit for Information Technology Management, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, England It is now over half a decade since Joseph Engelberger wrote: 'Given a six-articulation arm of any configuration, software can be powerful enough to think only in tool coordinates. That is, a programmer concerns himself only with the tool on the end of the robot arm. He can think of the tool's frame of reference and com­ puter subroutines automatically make the various articulations move so as to accomplish the desired tool manipulation. ' As is often the case with statements of this kind, they are appealing and generally well-founded in technological feasibility. But in order to turn the prediction into reality it requires the dedication and in­ ventiveness of an international community of researchers. The object of this book is to provide a window on to some of the advances made by this community which go towards the fulfilment of Engelberger's predictions. A significant factor in the framework within which this work is being pursued is the phenomenal advance in the availability of inex­ pensive and highly compact computing power. It becomes increas­ ingly possible to imagine powerful microprocessors providing local intelligence at key points in a robot arm Uoints, gripper, etc) by being connected through a communications network and controlled by some specially designated supervisory microchip.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 IntroductionRobotic Practice 10; Exploiting Mathematics 11; Making Sense of Sensors 12; Computing for Design 13; Future Directions 14 -- I: Sensor Information Processing -- 2 A method for grasping randomly oriented objects using touch sensing -- 3 Method of contour recognition -- 4 The design of sensors for a mobile teleoperator robot -- II: Mathematical Concerns -- 5 Constrained average path tracking for industrial robots -- 6 The application of spline functions to trajectory generation for computer-controlled manipulators -- 7 Kinematic equations of robot manipulators -- 8 Solution of kinematic equations for robot manipulators -- III: Practical Concerns -- 9 A strategy to achieve an assembly by means of an inaccurate, flexible robot -- 10 Trajectory planning for a multi-arm robot in an assembly task -- 11 Cooperation of two manipulators in assembly tasks -- IV: Computer Aids to Robot Design -- 12 A CAD system for programming and simulating robots’ actions -- 13 The development of a suite of programs for the analysis of mechanisms.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-6861-8
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  • 26
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    Recent Advances in Liquid Crystalline Polymers (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400949348
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I: Synthesis, Structure, Properties Relationships -- 1. Synthetic Routes to Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- 2. Chiral Thermotropic Liquid Crystal Polymers -- 3. Solid State Physics of Thermotropic Polyesters: Internal Friction of Mesomorphic Structures -- 4. Thermotropic Liquid Crystal Aromatic Copolyesters Containing Cycloaliphatic Units -- 5. Polymerization of Allyldimethyldodecylammonium Bromide Liquid Crystalline Monomer to Its Liquid Crystalline Polymer -- II: Theory -- 6. Theoretical Basis for Liquid Crystallinity in Polymers -- 7. Nematic Liquid Crystals Formed from Flexible Molecules: a Molecular Field Theory -- 8. Order and Odd-Even Effects in Thermotropic Nematic Polyesters -- III: Characterization -- 9. Structure and Characterization of Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- 10. Observations on the Rheology of Thermotropic Polymer Liquid Crystals -- 11. Rheo-Optical Studies of the Thermotropic Aromatic Copolyesters of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) and p-Acetoxybenzoic Acid -- 12. Electron Microscopy of Thermotropic Copolyesters -- 13. Nuclear Spin-Label Studies of Liquid Crystal Polymers -- 14. Viscosity and the Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Crystalline Polymers with Mesogenic Side Groups -- 15. Measurement of Orientational Order in Liquid Crystalline Samples by NMR Spectroscopy -- 16. Phase Behaviour of Dye-Containing Liquid Crystalline Copolymers and Their Mixtures with Low Molecular Weight Liquid Crystals -- 17. Dielectric Relaxation Measurements and X-ray Investigations of Liquid Crystalline Side-Chain Polymers -- 18. Structural Investigations on Liquid Crystalline Side-Chain Polymers -- 19. Macromolecular Order and Conformation in the Solid and Nematic Phases of Semi-Rigid Polymers and Polymer-Monomer Mixtures—NMR Study -- IV: Applications -- 20. Aramids—Bridging the Gap between Ductile and Brittle Reinforcing Fibres -- 21. Towards a Photoconductive Liquid Crystal: Carbazole-Containing Systems -- 22. Electro-Optic Effects in a Smectogenic Polysiloxane Side-Chain Liquid Crystal Polymer.
    Abstract: This volume contains an eclectic collection of 22 papers on liquid crystalline polymers presented at the Sixth Polymer Workshop, in the series sponsored by the European Science Foundation, entitled: 'Liquid Crystal Polymer Systems', in Gentofte, Denmark, 12-14 September 1983. Since a contribution to this volume was strictly voluntary, and in some cases represents a considerably expanded version of that which was presented, it is strictly speaking not correct to term this a 'proceedings'. A description of the aims and purposes of the European Science Foundation with respect to the polymer area has been presented in: Shell Polymers, Vol. 5, No.2, pp. 34-35, 1981. The papers given here represent a cross-section of current research interests in liquid crystalline polymers in the areas of theory, synthesis, characterization, structure-property relationships and applications. At least some of the current interest is motivated by attempts to practically exploit the novel properties of these materials in the developing tech­ nologies of high strength fibres and advanced materials for constructional purposes, but also for functional materials in the areas of information retrieval, electronics and opto-electronics applications. The editor wishes to thank all those involved for their courtesy and co-operation.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: Synthesis, Structure, Properties Relationships1. Synthetic Routes to Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- 2. Chiral Thermotropic Liquid Crystal Polymers -- 3. Solid State Physics of Thermotropic Polyesters: Internal Friction of Mesomorphic Structures -- 4. Thermotropic Liquid Crystal Aromatic Copolyesters Containing Cycloaliphatic Units -- 5. Polymerization of Allyldimethyldodecylammonium Bromide Liquid Crystalline Monomer to Its Liquid Crystalline Polymer -- II: Theory -- 6. Theoretical Basis for Liquid Crystallinity in Polymers -- 7. Nematic Liquid Crystals Formed from Flexible Molecules: a Molecular Field Theory -- 8. Order and Odd-Even Effects in Thermotropic Nematic Polyesters -- III: Characterization -- 9. Structure and Characterization of Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- 10. Observations on the Rheology of Thermotropic Polymer Liquid Crystals -- 11. Rheo-Optical Studies of the Thermotropic Aromatic Copolyesters of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) and p-Acetoxybenzoic Acid -- 12. Electron Microscopy of Thermotropic Copolyesters -- 13. Nuclear Spin-Label Studies of Liquid Crystal Polymers -- 14. Viscosity and the Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Crystalline Polymers with Mesogenic Side Groups -- 15. Measurement of Orientational Order in Liquid Crystalline Samples by NMR Spectroscopy -- 16. Phase Behaviour of Dye-Containing Liquid Crystalline Copolymers and Their Mixtures with Low Molecular Weight Liquid Crystals -- 17. Dielectric Relaxation Measurements and X-ray Investigations of Liquid Crystalline Side-Chain Polymers -- 18. Structural Investigations on Liquid Crystalline Side-Chain Polymers -- 19. Macromolecular Order and Conformation in the Solid and Nematic Phases of Semi-Rigid Polymers and Polymer-Monomer Mixtures-NMR Study -- IV: Applications -- 20. Aramids-Bridging the Gap between Ductile and Brittle Reinforcing Fibres -- 21. Towards a Photoconductive Liquid Crystal: Carbazole-Containing Systems -- 22. Electro-Optic Effects in a Smectogenic Polysiloxane Side-Chain Liquid Crystal Polymer.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4934-8
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  • 27
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    Principles of Package Development (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401173827
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Origins of Packaging Development -- The Industrial Revolution -- The Birth of Packaging Development -- National and International Recognition -- 2 Package Development: An Overview -- Interrelationships -- Developmental Paths -- 3 Packaging Materials -- Ceramics -- Metals -- Plant Products -- Plastics -- ABS -- 4 Package Forms -- Rigid and Semirigid Package Forms -- Flexible Package Forms -- Converting of Flexible Packaging Materials -- 5 Materials and Package Testing -- Quality Testing of Packaging Materials -- Identification of Unknown Packaging Materials -- Quality Testing of Fabricated Packages -- Product-Package Compatibility Testing -- Shipping and Abuse Testing -- 6 The Packaging Process: Testing a Segment of Manufacturing Operations -- The Manufacturing Process -- The Packaging Process -- Development of Equipment -- 7 Packaging Equipment -- Can Packaging Equipment -- Glass Packaging Equipment -- Other Primary Packages -- Paperboard Cartons -- Equipment for Flexible Packaging -- Thermoformed Packages -- 8 The Relationship of Packaging to Marketing -- Product Life Cycle -- Pricing Policy -- Distribution Policy -- Market Research -- Product-Package Promotion -- A Marketing Case History: Doy-N-Pack vs. BrikPak -- Package Styling and Design -- 9 Governmental Regulations Affecting Packaging -- Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act—1938 -- The 1958 Food Additives Amendment to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act -- Food Additive Definition -- New Amendment to Food Additive Legislation (1983) -- Manufacturing Regulations -- Future Activity -- The FDA and Drugs -- The Color Additive Amendment -- The “Fair Packaging and Labeling” Bill -- Other Governmental Regulations -- FDA versus USDA -- Freight Regulations -- 10 Strategic Planning in Packaging -- Text -- 11 Technological Forecasting -- Technology -- Why Plan? -- Why Forecast? -- What Is Technology? -- Why Is Forecasting Possible? -- Origins of Technological Forecasting -- What Is Technological Forecasting -- Objective of the Forecast -- Qualifications of the Person or Institution Making the Statement about the Future -- Methodologies Used to Provide a Picture of the Future -- Interactions External to Technology -- Process of Technological Innovation -- Intuitive Forecasting -- Trend Extrapolation -- Monitoring -- Structural Analysis -- Modeling -- Cross-Impact Analysis -- Scenario Generation -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: Since the first edition of "Principles of Packaging Development" was published, the packaging industry has undergone many profound changes. These have included the virtual elimination of cellophane and its replacement with oriented polypropylene as a carton overwrap, fluid milk in blow-molded HDPE bottles, PET beverage bottles, cookie bags and cartons lined with polyolefin coextrusions instead of waxed glassine, and bread in reclosable polyolefin and coextruded film bags. New phrases have also worked their way into the lexicon of the practic­ ing packaging technologist, such as "child resistance" and "tamper­ evident. " This most popular text on packaging demanded updating. How these phrases and ideas have affected the industry in the 1980s and how they will probably alter its course in the future are treated. New concepts of packaging system planning and forecasting tech­ niques are intruding into package management, and new chapters will introduce them to the reader. The years have added a certain degree of maturity to the packaging industry. Not only have the original authors broadened their per­ spectives and changed professional responsibilities, we have also in­ cluded a third co-author, Dr. Aaron L. Brody, whose experience in the industry, academic background, and erudite insights into the very na­ ture of packaging have added an unparalled degree of depth to this book. We would like to thank David L.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Origins of Packaging DevelopmentThe Industrial Revolution -- The Birth of Packaging Development -- National and International Recognition -- 2 Package Development: An Overview -- Interrelationships -- Developmental Paths -- 3 Packaging Materials -- Ceramics -- Metals -- Plant Products -- Plastics -- ABS -- 4 Package Forms -- Rigid and Semirigid Package Forms -- Flexible Package Forms -- Converting of Flexible Packaging Materials -- 5 Materials and Package Testing -- Quality Testing of Packaging Materials -- Identification of Unknown Packaging Materials -- Quality Testing of Fabricated Packages -- Product-Package Compatibility Testing -- Shipping and Abuse Testing -- 6 The Packaging Process: Testing a Segment of Manufacturing Operations -- The Manufacturing Process -- The Packaging Process -- Development of Equipment -- 7 Packaging Equipment -- Can Packaging Equipment -- Glass Packaging Equipment -- Other Primary Packages -- Paperboard Cartons -- Equipment for Flexible Packaging -- Thermoformed Packages -- 8 The Relationship of Packaging to Marketing -- Product Life Cycle -- Pricing Policy -- Distribution Policy -- Market Research -- Product-Package Promotion -- A Marketing Case History: Doy-N-Pack vs. BrikPak -- Package Styling and Design -- 9 Governmental Regulations Affecting Packaging -- Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act-1938 -- The 1958 Food Additives Amendment to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act -- Food Additive Definition -- New Amendment to Food Additive Legislation (1983) -- Manufacturing Regulations -- Future Activity -- The FDA and Drugs -- The Color Additive Amendment -- The “Fair Packaging and Labeling” Bill -- Other Governmental Regulations -- FDA versus USDA -- Freight Regulations -- 10 Strategic Planning in Packaging -- Text -- 11 Technological Forecasting -- Technology -- Why Plan? -- Why Forecast? -- What Is Technology? -- Why Is Forecasting Possible? -- Origins of Technological Forecasting -- What Is Technological Forecasting -- Objective of the Forecast -- Qualifications of the Person or Institution Making the Statement about the Future -- Methodologies Used to Provide a Picture of the Future -- Interactions External to Technology -- Process of Technological Innovation -- Intuitive Forecasting -- Trend Extrapolation -- Monitoring -- Structural Analysis -- Modeling -- Cross-Impact Analysis -- Scenario Generation -- Conclusion.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7382-7
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  • 28
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    Online Resource
    Mathematics and CAD : Volume 1: Numerical Methods for CAD (1985)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468415117
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Basic problems using graphics -- Two-dimensional calculations -- Calculation of perimeters and areas -- Two-dimensional geometric transformations -- Three-dimensional geometric transformations -- Parallel projections and perspectives -- Object modelling -- Conclusions -- References -- 2 Curves and surfaces -- Curves -- Surfaces -- References -- 3 Numerical methods for solving linear and non-linear equations -- Linear equation systems -- Non-linear equation systems -- Non-linear equations -- Conclusions -- References -- Software manuals -- 4 The finite element method -- Examples of variational formulation for boundary value problems -- Internal approximation: Ritz-Galerkin method -- Matching finite elements -- Examples of finite elements -- A two-dimensional example -- Conclusions -- Appendix: the principle behind the finite difference method -- References.
    Abstract: The use of computer-aided design (CAD) systems always involves the introduction of mathematical concepts. It is important, therefore, for any systems designer to have a good grasp of the mathematical bases used in CAD. The choice of mathematical models in a system also has an effect on the overall quality, although this effect may not always be visible to the final user. Depending on whether Bezier or B-spline functions are used for curves and surfaces, for example, the final user even if not a com­ puter scientist will notice a difference. If, for example, one of the control points is modified by the user, in a Bezier-type representation, the curve or surface will tend to be modified overall, but in a B-spline representation, the curve or surface will tend to be modified close to the point, and there only. More possibly harmful, however, is the effect of the mathematical model which has a number of properties invisible and unknown to the final user. In every case a model must be chosen with, it is hoped, the most appropriate characteristics and limits for the task in hand.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Basic problems using graphicsTwo-dimensional calculations -- Calculation of perimeters and areas -- Two-dimensional geometric transformations -- Three-dimensional geometric transformations -- Parallel projections and perspectives -- Object modelling -- Conclusions -- References -- 2 Curves and surfaces -- Curves -- Surfaces -- References -- 3 Numerical methods for solving linear and non-linear equations -- Linear equation systems -- Non-linear equation systems -- Non-linear equations -- Conclusions -- References -- Software manuals -- 4 The finite element method -- Examples of variational formulation for boundary value problems -- Internal approximation: Ritz-Galerkin method -- Matching finite elements -- Examples of finite elements -- A two-dimensional example -- Conclusions -- Appendix: the principle behind the finite difference method -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-1511-7
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  • 29
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    The Molecular Basis of Cancer (1985)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468473131
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. The Clinical Problem -- 2. The Cell-surface Membrane in Malignancy -- 3. Radiation Carcinogenesis -- 4. Viruses and Cancer -- 5. Chemical Carcinogenesis -- 6. Testing for Carcinogens -- 7. Molecular Approaches to the Diagnosis of Cancer -- 8. Hormones and Cancer -- 9. Radiation Therapy -- 10. Cancer Chemotherapy I: Design and Mechanism of Action of Cytotoxic Drugs -- 11. Cancer Chemotherapy II: Laboratory to Clinic -- List of Contributors.
    Abstract: This book aims to describe the current state of knowledge and possible future developments in a number of major areas of research into the nature, causes and treatment of cancer. The contributing authors have been encouraged to discuss their subjects at the molecular level. It will become apparent to the reader that considerable developments in the understanding of the fundamental nature of cancer, in molecular terms, are constantly being made. This is particularly the case in the area of oncogene research where differences between tumour and normal cells can now be defined in terms of altered expression of DNA sequences. An understanding of the methods available for detecting cancer, of the process of carcinogenesis and of the means available for treating cancer can only be achieved with a precise knowledge of the basic biochemical and molecular processes involved. Since it is all to easy for the research scientist to become totally absorbed within the specialised area of research in which he is involved, the first chapter is an attempt to encourage a broader field of vision by introducing the clinician's view of the cancer problem, which illustrates the broad spectrum of basic problems that need to be solved by the cancer researcher.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. The Clinical Problem2. The Cell-surface Membrane in Malignancy -- 3. Radiation Carcinogenesis -- 4. Viruses and Cancer -- 5. Chemical Carcinogenesis -- 6. Testing for Carcinogens -- 7. Molecular Approaches to the Diagnosis of Cancer -- 8. Hormones and Cancer -- 9. Radiation Therapy -- 10. Cancer Chemotherapy I: Design and Mechanism of Action of Cytotoxic Drugs -- 11. Cancer Chemotherapy II: Laboratory to Clinic -- List of Contributors.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-7313-1
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  • 30
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    Online Resource
    In-Circuit Testing (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401170093
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Understanding the Production Fault Sources -- 1.1. Component Fault Sources -- 1.2. Manufacturing Fault Sources -- 1.3. Performance Fault Sources -- 1.4. Manufacturability -- 1.5. PCB Fault Spectrum -- 1.6. Defective PCB Investigation -- 1.7. Future Fault Distribution -- 2. Automatic Test Equipment for Production Test -- 2.1. In-House Test Systems -- 2.2. Commercial Testers -- 2.3. Loaded-Board Testing Trends -- 2.4. Tester’s Fault Coverage -- 2.5. Fault Coverage and Test Programming -- 2.6. Test Diagnostics -- 2.7. Unverifiable Faults -- 2.8. Failures at System Test -- 2.9. Cost of Testing -- 3. Production PCB Test System Comparison -- 3.1. In-Circuit and Functional Board Tester Comparison -- 3.2. In Circuit and Functional Board Tester Summary -- 3.3. Comparison of In-Circuit Tester, In-Circuit Analyzer, and Loaded-Board Shorts Tester -- 3.4. In-Circuit Tester, In-Circuit Analyzer, and Loaded-Board Shorts Tester Summary -- 3.5. Low-Cost ATE -- 4. PCB Production Test Strategies -- 4.1. Test Strategies -- 4.2. Medium-Volume Test Strategy -- 4.3. High-Volume Test Strategy -- 4.4. PCB Test Strategy Evaluation -- 5. The Rework Station and Networking -- 5.1. The Rework Station -- 5.2. Rework Effectiveness -- 5.3. Paperless Repair System -- 5.4. Computer-Aided Repair -- 5.5. Networking -- 5.6. Test Area Management System -- 6. In-Circuit Testing Philosophy -- 6.1. UUT Fixture Verification -- 6.2. Shorts Opens Test -- 6.3. Analog Measurement -- 6.4. Analog Testing -- 6.5. Operational Amplifiers -- 6.6. Analog Testing Summary -- 6.7. Device Orientation -- 6.8. Digital Testing -- 6.9. Test Program Preparation -- 6.10. IEEE-488 Instrumentation -- 7. In-Circuit Tester -- 7.1. Computer Subsystem -- 7.2. Switching and Measurement Subsystem -- 7.3. UUT Interface Subsystem -- 7.4. Generic In-Circuit Tester -- 7.5. Operating Software -- 7.6. Test Executive -- 7.7. Test Programming -- 7.8. Test Programming Station -- 7.9. Bare-Board Shorts and Continuity Tester -- 7.10. Test Fixture Systems -- 7.11. PCB Layout Guidelines for Testability -- 8. In-Circuit Testers for Service and Repair -- 8.1. Service Repair Strategies -- 8.2. Service Problems -- 8.3. Board Float -- 8.4. Board Mix -- 8.5. Fault Spectrum -- 8.6. PCB Population -- 8.7. Test Requirements -- 8.8. Capital Expenditure -- 8.9. Service ATE Requirements -- 8.10. Functional and In-Circuit Comparison -- 8.11. Functional and In-Circuit Summary -- 8.12. Generic Service In-Circuit Tester -- 9. In-Circuit Tester Evaluation -- 9.1. Preparation for Vendor Investigation -- 9.2. Company Evaluation -- 9.3. Test Program Software -- 9.4. Operating System Software -- 9.5. Test System Hardware -- 9.6. Vendor Support -- 9.7. Ratio Evaluation -- 10. Financial Justification -- 10.1. Production In-Circuit Tester -- 10.2. Service In-Circuit Tester -- References.
    Abstract: The aim of this text is to increase your understanding of the methods employed for improving the quality of printed circuit boards (PCBs) in a practical manufacturing environment, by discussing printed circuit board faults and the test strategies implemented to detect these faults. This text emphasizes in-circuit testing as a prime test and diagnostic technique. Test strategies are described - implementing functional board testers, in-circuit board testers, in-circuit analyzers, and loaded­ board shorts testers. Also discussed are in-circuit tester's hardware, software, fix turing, and programming. Specific attention has been given to the in-circuit tester's capabilities and limitations, features and benefits, advantages and disadvantages. Chapter 5, as part of the total production testing process, discusses rework stations, network­ ing, and test area management. Chapter 8 is devoted to discussing the benefits derived by employing in-circuit testing in the service repair arena. This text concludes with chapters on vendor investiga­ tion and a financial justification. Additional emphasis is placed on having design engineering acquire an interest in manufacturability, testability, and the importance of consulting with manufacturing early in the design process. This book is designed for ease of reading and comprehension for all levels of interest: ATE students, fust-time ATE users, as well as those involved in test, manufacturing, quality control or assurance, production, engineering, and management.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Understanding the Production Fault Sources1.1. Component Fault Sources -- 1.2. Manufacturing Fault Sources -- 1.3. Performance Fault Sources -- 1.4. Manufacturability -- 1.5. PCB Fault Spectrum -- 1.6. Defective PCB Investigation -- 1.7. Future Fault Distribution -- 2. Automatic Test Equipment for Production Test -- 2.1. In-House Test Systems -- 2.2. Commercial Testers -- 2.3. Loaded-Board Testing Trends -- 2.4. Tester’s Fault Coverage -- 2.5. Fault Coverage and Test Programming -- 2.6. Test Diagnostics -- 2.7. Unverifiable Faults -- 2.8. Failures at System Test -- 2.9. Cost of Testing -- 3. Production PCB Test System Comparison -- 3.1. In-Circuit and Functional Board Tester Comparison -- 3.2. In Circuit and Functional Board Tester Summary -- 3.3. Comparison of In-Circuit Tester, In-Circuit Analyzer, and Loaded-Board Shorts Tester -- 3.4. In-Circuit Tester, In-Circuit Analyzer, and Loaded-Board Shorts Tester Summary -- 3.5. Low-Cost ATE -- 4. PCB Production Test Strategies -- 4.1. Test Strategies -- 4.2. Medium-Volume Test Strategy -- 4.3. High-Volume Test Strategy -- 4.4. PCB Test Strategy Evaluation -- 5. The Rework Station and Networking -- 5.1. The Rework Station -- 5.2. Rework Effectiveness -- 5.3. Paperless Repair System -- 5.4. Computer-Aided Repair -- 5.5. Networking -- 5.6. Test Area Management System -- 6. In-Circuit Testing Philosophy -- 6.1. UUT Fixture Verification -- 6.2. Shorts Opens Test -- 6.3. Analog Measurement -- 6.4. Analog Testing -- 6.5. Operational Amplifiers -- 6.6. Analog Testing Summary -- 6.7. Device Orientation -- 6.8. Digital Testing -- 6.9. Test Program Preparation -- 6.10. IEEE-488 Instrumentation -- 7. In-Circuit Tester -- 7.1. Computer Subsystem -- 7.2. Switching and Measurement Subsystem -- 7.3. UUT Interface Subsystem -- 7.4. Generic In-Circuit Tester -- 7.5. Operating Software -- 7.6. Test Executive -- 7.7. Test Programming -- 7.8. Test Programming Station -- 7.9. Bare-Board Shorts and Continuity Tester -- 7.10. Test Fixture Systems -- 7.11. PCB Layout Guidelines for Testability -- 8. In-Circuit Testers for Service and Repair -- 8.1. Service Repair Strategies -- 8.2. Service Problems -- 8.3. Board Float -- 8.4. Board Mix -- 8.5. Fault Spectrum -- 8.6. PCB Population -- 8.7. Test Requirements -- 8.8. Capital Expenditure -- 8.9. Service ATE Requirements -- 8.10. Functional and In-Circuit Comparison -- 8.11. Functional and In-Circuit Summary -- 8.12. Generic Service In-Circuit Tester -- 9. In-Circuit Tester Evaluation -- 9.1. Preparation for Vendor Investigation -- 9.2. Company Evaluation -- 9.3. Test Program Software -- 9.4. Operating System Software -- 9.5. Test System Hardware -- 9.6. Vendor Support -- 9.7. Ratio Evaluation -- 10. Financial Justification -- 10.1. Production In-Circuit Tester -- 10.2. Service In-Circuit Tester -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7009-3
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  • 31
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    The Biology of Computer Life : Survival, Emotion and Free Will (1985)
    Boston, MA : Birkhäuser Boston
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468480504
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Engineering. ; Life sciences. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities. ; Science. ; Mathematics. ; Artificial intelligence.
    Abstract: 1 The Nature of Computer Life -- Preamble -- Are Computers Alive? -- Means, Ends and Entropy -- Strategies for Survival -- Symbiosis and Survival -- Evolution and Machines -- Features of Computer Life -- Summary -- 2 Exploring the Life Criteria -- Preamble -- The Place of Energy -- The Importance of Information -- The Route to Reproduction -- Growth in Machines -- Summary -- 3 Freedom and Autonomy -- Preamble -- The Miller Decider -- Philosophy and Free Will -- Free Will as Choice -- The Autonomous Computer -- The Autonomous Robot -- Creativity and Chance -- Summary -- 4 Towards Artificial Emotion -- Preamble -- Reason and Emotion -- The Physiology of Emotion -- The Cybernetics of Emotion -- AI, Cognition and Emotion -- Emotion in Computers -- The Ethical Computer -- The Aesthetic Computer -- Summary -- 5 Relating to Computer Life -- Preamble -- Responses to Computer Life -- Developing the Relationship -- The Intimate Connection -- Summary -- 6 The Future -- References.
    Abstract: The doctrine of computer life is not congenial to many people. Often they have not thought in any depth about the idea, and it necessarily disturbs their psychological and intellectual frame of reference: it forces a reappraisal of what it is to be alive, what it is to be human, and whether there are profound, yet un­ expected, implications in the development of modern com­ puters. There is abundant evidence to suggest that we are wit­ nessing the emergence of a vast new family of life-forms on earth, organisms that are not based on the familiar metabolic chemistries yet whose manifest 'life credentials' are accumulating year by year. It is a mistake to regard biology as a closed science, with arbitrarily limited categories; and we should agree with Jacob (1974) who observed that 'Contrary to what is imagined, biology is not a unified science'. Biology is essentially concerned with living things, and we should be reluctant to assume that at anyone time our concept and understanding of life are complete and incapable of further refinement. And it seems clear that much of the continuing refinement of biological categories will be stimulated by advances in systems theory, and in particular by those advances that relate to the rapidly expanding world of computing and robotics. We should also remember what Pant in (1968) said in a different context: 'the biological sciences are unrestricted . . . and their investigator must be prepared to follow their problems into any other science whatsoever.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Nature of Computer LifePreamble -- Are Computers Alive? -- Means, Ends and Entropy -- Strategies for Survival -- Symbiosis and Survival -- Evolution and Machines -- Features of Computer Life -- Summary -- 2 Exploring the Life Criteria -- Preamble -- The Place of Energy -- The Importance of Information -- The Route to Reproduction -- Growth in Machines -- Summary -- 3 Freedom and Autonomy -- Preamble -- The Miller Decider -- Philosophy and Free Will -- Free Will as Choice -- The Autonomous Computer -- The Autonomous Robot -- Creativity and Chance -- Summary -- 4 Towards Artificial Emotion -- Preamble -- Reason and Emotion -- The Physiology of Emotion -- The Cybernetics of Emotion -- AI, Cognition and Emotion -- Emotion in Computers -- The Ethical Computer -- The Aesthetic Computer -- Summary -- 5 Relating to Computer Life -- Preamble -- Responses to Computer Life -- Developing the Relationship -- The Intimate Connection -- Summary -- 6 The Future -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-8050-4
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Magnetic Components : Design and Applications (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401540001
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 345 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Low Frequency Power Transformers -- 2. Optimization -- 3. Power Reactors -- 4. Nonlinear Magnetics -- 5. Current Transformers -- 6. Pulse Transformers -- 7. Field Gradient Control -- 8. Heat Transfer -- 9. Materials and Fabrication Methods -- Afterword -- References -- to Appendixes A and B -- Appendix A. Choke/Resonant Charging Reactor Design Tables -- Appendix B. Transformer Design Tables -- Appendix C. Rectifier Circuit Design.
    Abstract: Magnetic Components Design and Applications is intended primarily for the circuit designer and the power processing systems designer who have found that in order to be more effective they must learn not only to use, but to design their own magnetic components. It will also be useful to the trans­ former engineer, by showing how to develop high-performance designs quickly and easily by employing optimization criteria. This book is a design manual, a how-to-build-it manual, and a survey of some common and state-of-the-art practices in magnetic component design and high voltage insulation. It contains the data necessary to design power transformers on a gradient scale from 60 Hz to several hundred kilohertz, conventional and air-core current transformers, power reactors, saturable transformers and saturable reactors, and air core and conventional pulse transformers. Further, it con­ tains essential information about dielectric materials and fabrication meth­ ods, basic heat transfer technology, and electric field gradient control for high voltage applications. Mathematical methods of optimization are developed, and results are given in a number of areas, particularly in the area of maximizing power den­ sity in power transformers and the maximization of stored energy per unit volume for power reactors. For various reasons, each chapter is written from a different starting level.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-4000-1
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  • 33
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    Online Resource
    The Joy of Science : Excellence and Its Rewards (1985)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489960184
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 259 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Engineering. ; Life sciences. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities. ; Science. ; Mathematics.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-6018-4
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Songs from Unsung Worlds : Science in Poetry (1985)
    Boston, MA : Birkhäuser Boston
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489966582
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXV, 230 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-6658-2
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  • 35
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    Online Resource
    Geology and Society (1985)
    Boston, MA : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461325437
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Environmental Resource Management Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- The Environment and the Geological Sciences -- Environment and History -- Environmental Guidelines -- The Environmental Decade -- The Present Status -- The Future -- Postlude -- 2 Mineral Resources -- Classification -- Occurrence and Distribution of Ore Deposits -- Exploration and Discovery -- Mining and Development -- Supply and Demand -- Non-Metallic Minerals -- Impacts Caused by Mining -- Mineral Policy and Planning -- Reclamation -- Postlude -- 3 Energy Resources -- An Overview -- Oil -- Natural Gas -- Coal -- Synfuels -- Other Geologic Energy Sources -- Energy Policy -- Postlude -- 4 Water Resources -- Occurrence -- Water Use -- Water Problems -- Water Management -- Case Studies in Water Management -- Postlude -- 5 Volcanic Activity -- Distribution -- Processes and Classification -- Volcanic Disasters -- Prediction -- Hazard Mitigation -- Beneficial Aspects -- Postlude -- 6 Earthquakes -- Terminology -- Distribution -- Causes -- Effects -- Damages -- Disasters -- Prediction and Amelioration of Earthquakes -- Postlude -- 7 Landslides -- Effects -- Landslides and Related Processes -- Classification -- Natural Causes -- Human Interference -- Landslide Destruction -- Land Management -- Snow Avalanches -- Government Landslide Programs -- Postlude -- 8 Floods -- River Systems -- Why Do We Have Floods? -- Effects of Floods -- Management of Flood Hazards -- Geological Data -- Postlude -- 9 Coastal Environments -- The Seascape -- Coastal Forces -- Historical Background -- Current Status of Shorelines -- Barrier Islands -- Human Intervention -- Coastal Engineering -- Coastal Law -- Postlude -- 10 Soil Destruction -- What is Soil? -- Historical Background -- Soil Destruction -- Farmland Erosion -- Deforestation -- Salinization -- Other Soil Losses -- Desertification -- Structural-Engineering Controls -- The World Situation -- Postlude -- 11 Geoengineering -- Conveyance Systems -- Dams -- Channelization -- Environmental Engineering -- Other Case Histories -- Postlude -- 12 Environmental Contamination -- Role of Geology -- Air Pollution -- Solid-Waste Disposal -- Hazardous Waste -- Nuclear Waste -- Wastewater Disposal -- Recycling -- Postlude -- 13 Environmental Management -- The Format of Management -- Objectives -- Role of the Geologist -- Urban Areas -- Natural Resources -- Geologic Hazards -- Environmental Costs -- Environmental Policies in Other Countries -- Postlude -- 14 Environmental Law -- General Laws -- Specific Environmental Laws -- Laws for Geologists -- Mining Law -- Water Law -- Maritime Law -- Land-Use Law -- Legal Rights for Natural Features -- Eminent Domain -- Hazards and Disasters -- Postlude -- Appendix A Table of Conversions -- Appendix B Volcanic Disasters -- Appendix C Major Earthquake Disasters Throughout the World -- Appendix D Landslide Disasters -- Appendix E Major Land Subsidence Areas -- Appendix F Severe Flood Disasters in the United States -- Appendix G Coastal Area Disasters from Tropical Storms and Tsunamis -- References and Source Materials.
    Abstract: Mankind lives, works, and plays on the earth's surface. The majority of such human activities change in some manner the geological materials and processes of our planet. It is the basis of this book that an understanding of this relationship is significant. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that natural processes and events can in turn greatly affect society. Erosion devastates farms and grazing lands. The spectacular hazards of earthquakes, volcanoes, floods, and landslides can lead to disastrous loss of life and property. Thus, one theme in this book is to provide perspective on the duality of these impacts on the environmental scene. Geology is a key component that can lead to an improved understanding of these changes and influences. A care­ full orchestration of geological studies can help soften the deleterious aspects of nature and minimize the harmful byproducts of civilization. This is the central message that is repeated throughout these pages. This book is one of a series of volumes published and in preparation in the series entitled "Environmental Resources Management. " Books already in print include two on soils, and others on mineral resources, and land-use planning. These will be followed by books on surface-water resources, groundwater resources, environmental pollution, energy resources, coastal environments, glacial environments, arid regional environments, and others. Chapter 1 provides the introduction and sets the stage and tone for the book. Chapters 2,3, and 4 deal with the resource base of society - minerals, fuels, and water.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2543-7
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  • 36
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    Apple Macintosh Encyclopedia (1985)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461325352
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Computer engineering. ; Computer networks . ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Z.
    Abstract: The Apple Macintosh Encyclopedia provides easily accessible, brief and understandable information on the topics that you are most likely to have questions about. We have carefully digested the manuals, books, magazine articles, and other information sources for the Macintosh. These, combined with our own experience in using the Macintosh and other personal computers, have been integrated into an alphabetical sequence of short entries in the style of an encyclopedia. The goal is to provide concise, useful and easy-to-understand information on a particular topic that is quickly accessible when you need it. Much of the information in the entries is not contained in the manuals provided with the Macintosh and various software products. For example, notice the discussion, under WIDTH, of the "deferred" nature of this command when used with a device name, the discussion of the colon (:) in Multiplan for ranges, or Saving, Problems With. These topics are omitted or inadequately covered in the standard manuals. The Macintosh is the first truly visual computer. In keeping with the highly visual nature of using the Macintosh, we have provided over 100 illustrations. Each shows exactly what you will see on the screen when exploring topics discussed in the text. The Macintosh Encyclopedia opens with a visual guide to icons, and remains highly visual in orientation throughout the text.
    Description / Table of Contents: AB -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Z.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2535-2
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  • 37
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    Quality Control in Automation (1985)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468474992
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Security systems. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1: The Need for Quality Control -- Control considerations -- 2: Process Variability -- Dimensional error -- Common errors -- Establishing and controlling process capability -- Collecting data -- 3: Probability Theory -- Empirical probability -- Theoretical probability -- Addition law of probability 2 -- Multiplication law of probability -- Multiple sampling of large batches -- Binomial expansion -- Sampling small batches -- Law of permutations -- 4: Location and Scatter -- Measures of location -- Calculation of mean, median and mode -- Relationship between mean, median and mode -- Measures of scatter -- Calculations of measures of scatter -- 5: Useful Distributions -- Hypergeometric distribution -- Binomial distribution -- Poisson distribution -- Distribution of continuous data -- Normal (Gaussian) distribution -- 6: Measurement and Control of Workpiece Size -- In-process measurement -- Post-process measurement -- Advantages of process control -- Control and pre-control charts -- Modified control charts -- Control charts for proportion defective: P charts -- d Charts, sampling the number of defects within one sample -- Interchangeability of P and d charts -- 7: Sampling Inspection -- Single sampling inspection plan -- Producer and consumer risks -- Double sampling schemes -- Sequential sampling -- AOQL: a basis for acceptability sampling -- 8: Statistical Tolerances -- Variability of a single dimension -- Variability of stacked dimensions -- Unequal tolerance applications -- Assembly condition of clearance -- Acceptable levels of defective assemblies -- Implementation of statistical tolerances -- The implications of statistical tolerancing -- 9: Confidence Limits and Tests of Significance -- Unbiased estimates of population parameters based on sample observations -- Standard deviation of the distribution of the sum or difference of two variates -- Estimate of population standard deviation based on two samples -- Distribution of sample means -- Student’s ‘t’distribution -- Single-tailed or double-tailed tests -- Variance ratio (F) test (Fisher’s ratio) -- Selection of levels of significance -- Confidence limits for populations whose standard deviation is known -- The t-test for a single mean -- The t-test for the means of paired observations -- The t-test for the difference of the means of two independent samples -- Test of variance and difference of mean of two independent samples -- ‘Chi-square’ test -- Contingency tables -- 10: Analysis of Variation -- Variance between sample averages -- Calculation of control charts from the residual variance estimate -- 11: Cumulative Sum Charts -- Decision making with ‘V’ masks -- Design of cusum schemes -- Design of ‘V’ masks -- 12: Reliability -- Product life and failure characteristics -- Life characteristic curve -- Exponential distribution model -- Effect of working environment -- Additivity of failure rate -- Failure in parallel systems -- Reliability life tests -- Weibull probability distribution -- 13: Pareto Analysis -- Developing a pareto diagram -- Reassessment after process or design change -- 14: Variability when Sampling Gaussian and non-Gaussian Populations -- Random sampling from Gaussian populations — uncorrelated -- Random sampling from Gaussian populations — correlated -- Variation in non-normal surfaces -- 15: Effect of Quality on the Economics of Assembly Processes -- Assembly machines -- The cost of quality -- Optimization of parts quality -- Manually assembled products -- 16: Selection and Effectiveness of Quality Engineers and Inspectors -- Selection of quality assurance managers -- Selection of quality engineers -- Selection of semi-skilled inspectors -- Selection of skilled inspectors -- Effectiveness of inspectors -- Inspector assessment -- Implications of inspector inefficiency -- 17: Automated Inspection -- A simple measuring system -- Types of control system: in-process measurement -- Errors introduced by measuring systems -- Gauging systems -- Application of in-process measurement -- Post-process gauging -- System specification -- Examples of hardware associated with an automated low cost gauging system -- 18: Visual Inspection -- Principle of the television camera -- Charge coupled devices -- Components of a vision system -- Monochromatic lighting -- Achievement of binary images from video pictures -- Evaluation of the component -- Orientation -- Simple optical systems -- System specification.
    Abstract: The changing role of industry, the trend towards automation, the in­ creased cost of raw materials and labour rates all emphasize the need for improved quality of manufacture which will lead to better reliability, reduced maintenance costs and incidence of failure, as well as greater consumer confidence. Many countries, including Japan, are noted for their high quality of manufacture. This has helped them monopolize the world radio and television market and achieve great in-roads into the motor industry. If other economies are to compete effectively against such competition, then improvements in quality and performance of products are necessary. The need for control of quality embraces many fields from design, manufacture, function testing and inspection, through to an understand­ ing of sampling procedures and sampling theory, embracing both employee and management responsibilities to the maintenance of quality. The aim of this book is to give an understanding of industrial quality control. The techniques described have been selected so that they may be applied to industrial problems. It is hoped and expected that these methods will lead to improvements in quality and economics of manufac­ ture, thus leading to increased productivity and profitability. 9 1 The Need for Quality Control The major goals for quality control are manifold and include a need to determine the real functional tolerances required for engineering specifications and to provide a plan for control of the quality of the results of a process related to time. This is normally achieved by statistical or control chart methods.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1: The Need for Quality ControlControl considerations -- 2: Process Variability -- Dimensional error -- Common errors -- Establishing and controlling process capability -- Collecting data -- 3: Probability Theory -- Empirical probability -- Theoretical probability -- Addition law of probability 2 -- Multiplication law of probability -- Multiple sampling of large batches -- Binomial expansion -- Sampling small batches -- Law of permutations -- 4: Location and Scatter -- Measures of location -- Calculation of mean, median and mode -- Relationship between mean, median and mode -- Measures of scatter -- Calculations of measures of scatter -- 5: Useful Distributions -- Hypergeometric distribution -- Binomial distribution -- Poisson distribution -- Distribution of continuous data -- Normal (Gaussian) distribution -- 6: Measurement and Control of Workpiece Size -- In-process measurement -- Post-process measurement -- Advantages of process control -- Control and pre-control charts -- Modified control charts -- Control charts for proportion defective: P charts -- d Charts, sampling the number of defects within one sample -- Interchangeability of P and d charts -- 7: Sampling Inspection -- Single sampling inspection plan -- Producer and consumer risks -- Double sampling schemes -- Sequential sampling -- AOQL: a basis for acceptability sampling -- 8: Statistical Tolerances -- Variability of a single dimension -- Variability of stacked dimensions -- Unequal tolerance applications -- Assembly condition of clearance -- Acceptable levels of defective assemblies -- Implementation of statistical tolerances -- The implications of statistical tolerancing -- 9: Confidence Limits and Tests of Significance -- Unbiased estimates of population parameters based on sample observations -- Standard deviation of the distribution of the sum or difference of two variates -- Estimate of population standard deviation based on two samples -- Distribution of sample means -- Student’s ‘t’distribution -- Single-tailed or double-tailed tests -- Variance ratio (F) test (Fisher’s ratio) -- Selection of levels of significance -- Confidence limits for populations whose standard deviation is known -- The t-test for a single mean -- The t-test for the means of paired observations -- The t-test for the difference of the means of two independent samples -- Test of variance and difference of mean of two independent samples -- ‘Chi-square’ test -- Contingency tables -- 10: Analysis of Variation -- Variance between sample averages -- Calculation of control charts from the residual variance estimate -- 11: Cumulative Sum Charts -- Decision making with ‘V’ masks -- Design of cusum schemes -- Design of ‘V’ masks -- 12: Reliability -- Product life and failure characteristics -- Life characteristic curve -- Exponential distribution model -- Effect of working environment -- Additivity of failure rate -- Failure in parallel systems -- Reliability life tests -- Weibull probability distribution -- 13: Pareto Analysis -- Developing a pareto diagram -- Reassessment after process or design change -- 14: Variability when Sampling Gaussian and non-Gaussian Populations -- Random sampling from Gaussian populations - uncorrelated -- Random sampling from Gaussian populations - correlated -- Variation in non-normal surfaces -- 15: Effect of Quality on the Economics of Assembly Processes -- Assembly machines -- The cost of quality -- Optimization of parts quality -- Manually assembled products -- 16: Selection and Effectiveness of Quality Engineers and Inspectors -- Selection of quality assurance managers -- Selection of quality engineers -- Selection of semi-skilled inspectors -- Selection of skilled inspectors -- Effectiveness of inspectors -- Inspector assessment -- Implications of inspector inefficiency -- 17: Automated Inspection -- A simple measuring system -- Types of control system: in-process measurement -- Errors introduced by measuring systems -- Gauging systems -- Application of in-process measurement -- Post-process gauging -- System specification -- Examples of hardware associated with an automated low cost gauging system -- 18: Visual Inspection -- Principle of the television camera -- Charge coupled devices -- Components of a vision system -- Monochromatic lighting -- Achievement of binary images from video pictures -- Evaluation of the component -- Orientation -- Simple optical systems -- System specification.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-7499-2
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  • 38
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    Advances in Solar Energy : An Annual Review of Research and Development, Volume 1 · 1982 (1985)
    Boston, MA : Springer New York
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468489927
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Renewable energy sources. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Radiometry—The Data -- Solar Radiation Measurements: Calibration and Standardization Efforts -- Biomass Pyrolysis: A Review of the Literature Part 1 — Carbohydrate Pyrolysis -- Recombinant Genetic Approaches for Efficient Ethanol Production -- Crystalline Silicon as a Material for Solar Cells -- A Review of Large Wind Turbine Systems Large Wind Turbine Systems in the United States -- Large Wind Turbine Systems Seen from the European Viewpoint -- Controls in Solar Energy Systems -- Passive and Hybrid Cooling Research -- Passive Solar Heating Research -- Author Index.
    Abstract: The field of solar energy conversion has become an important discipline with a recognized potential to significantly contribute to the world supply of energy. It is diversified and encompasses a wide variety of disciplines - from mechanical engineering to physics, from biology to architecture, from ocean science to agriculture, from chemistry to atmospheric science, to name some of the major fields. It involves fields which have matured to the engineering aspects, such as the conversion of solar energy into heat or of wind into shaft work. It includes other fields in which more basic science research is necessary to unravel the micro-structures of nature, as, for example, for photovoltaic conversion or for certain bioengineering tasks. Several of these fields have elements which have been common knowledge for centuries but sometimes forgotten at times of cheap energy supplies, while others have barely started with first studies. Most of the fields have seen during the last decade a substantial advance in sophistication, in theoretical understanding, in demonstrated feasibility, in developing hardware, in field testing, with some moving into a phase of initial commercialization.
    Description / Table of Contents: Radiometry-The DataSolar Radiation Measurements: Calibration and Standardization Efforts -- Biomass Pyrolysis: A Review of the Literature Part 1 - Carbohydrate Pyrolysis -- Recombinant Genetic Approaches for Efficient Ethanol Production -- Crystalline Silicon as a Material for Solar Cells -- A Review of Large Wind Turbine Systems Large Wind Turbine Systems in the United States -- Large Wind Turbine Systems Seen from the European Viewpoint -- Controls in Solar Energy Systems -- Passive and Hybrid Cooling Research -- Passive Solar Heating Research -- Author Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-8992-7
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  • 39
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    Selective Toxicity : The physico-chemical basis of therapy (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400948464
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 750 p) , digital
    Edition: 7
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One: Topics of General Interest -- 1 Selectivity in the service of man -- Steps in the correlation of structure with biological action -- 3 Comparative distribution: the first principle of selectivity -- 4 Comparative biochemistry: the second principle of selectivity -- 5 Comparative cytology: the third principle of selectivity -- 6 Chemotherapy: history and principles -- 7 Pharmacodynamics -- The forces available for binding an agent. Chemical bonds. Adsorption -- Two: Studies, in Depth, of Topics from Part One -- 9 Anti-metabolites: antagonistic analogues of coenzymes and enzymic substrates -- 10 Ionization -- 11 Metal-binding substances -- 12 Steric factors -- 13 The covalent bond in selective toxicity -- 14 Surface chemistry. The modification of membranes by surface-active agents -- 15 Biological activity unrelated to structure -- 16 The perfection of a discovery -- 17 Some numerical assistance -- References -- Formula index.
    Abstract: This book is about selectively toxic agents. That is to say, it is about those substances that affect certain cells without harming others, even when they are close neighbours. Toxicity need not be fatal. It can be made easily reversible, as is the case with general anaesthetics. Selective toxicity covers an immense field: most of the drugs used for treating illness in man and his economic animals, as well as all of the fungicides, insecticides, and weed killers that are used in agriculture. Essentially, this book is a discussion of the physical and chemical means which contribute to selectivity, and this is the basis of molecular pharmacology. _Selective Toxicity began as a course of lectures that Professor F. G. Young encouraged me to give in University College London, in 1948 and again in 1949. The first edition appeared in 1951, as a very small book because little was then known about the factors that provide selectivity. Since those early days, the subject has undergone tremendous development. At first, industry was un­ receptive to the word 'toxicity', however qualified! Yet the market was being supplied with biologically powerful substances of which several had the potential to cause harm. This aspect was brought to light by two events of the early 1960s. The first of these was the discovery that a sedative, thalidomide, administered to expectant mothers, after what was then considered to be adequate testing, had caused permanent deformities in about 10000 children.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4846-4
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  • 40
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    Remote Sensing of Ice and Snow (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400948426
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 189 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Remote Sensing Applications
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 An introduction to the optical, thermal and electrical properties of ice and snow -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Optical and thermal properties of ice and snow -- 1.3 Electrical properties of ice and snow -- References -- 2 Sensors and platforms -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) on the Landsat series -- 2.3 Thematic Mapper (TM) on Landsats 4 and 5 -- 2.4 NOAA satellites and sensors -- 2.5 Heat Capacity Mapping Mission (HCMM) -- 2.6 Nimbus 5 and 6 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) and Nimbus 7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) -- 2.7 Passive microwave aircraft sensors -- 2.8 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) -- 2.9 Seasat SAR and radar altimeter -- 2.10 Impulse radar -- References -- 3 Snow cover -- 3.1 Snow cover in the global water balance -- 3.2 Snow properties -- 3.3 Seasonal snow cover -- 3.4 Snow-cover mapping -- 3.5 Snow-cover depletion curves -- References -- 4 Applications of remotely derived snow data -- 4.1 Hydrological importance of snow -- 4.2 Snowmelt-runoff modelling -- 4.3 Discharge forecasts -- 4.4 Economic benefits -- References -- 5 Lake and river ice -- 5.1 The importance of lake and river ice -- 5.2 Freshwater ice thickness studies -- 5.3 Lake depth and ice thickness studies in northern Alaska -- 5.4 Ice in large lakes and estuaries -- 5.5 River ice break-up -- 5.6 Ice jams and aufeis -- References -- 6 Permafrost -- 6.1 Hydrological and geological implications of permafrost -- 6.2 Vegetation mapping in permafrost areas -- 6.3 Snow and ice break-up -- 6.4 Surface temperature and energy balance studies -- 6.5 Tundra surface disturbances -- 6.6 Subsurface probing of permafrost -- References -- 7 Glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets -- 7.1 Global significance of glaciers -- 7.2 Distribution and mass balance of glaciers -- 7.3 Catastrophic events: surges, jökulhlaups and rapid glacier movement -- 7.4 Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets -- 7.5 Icebergs -- 7.6 Radio echo sounding of glacier ice -- References -- 8 Sea ice -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Sea ice age -- 8.3 Sea ice type and interannual variability -- 8.4 Sea ice concentration -- 8.5 Sea ice movement -- References.
    Abstract: Remote sensing using aircraft and satellites has helped to open up to intensified scientific scrutiny the cold and remote regions in which snow and ice are prevalent. In this book, the utility of remote sensing for identifying, mapping and analyzing surface and subsurface properties of worldwide ice and snow features is described. Emphasis is placed on the use of remote sensing for developing an improved understanding of the physical properties of ice and snow and understanding the interrelationships of cryospheric processes with atmospheric, hydrospheric and oceanic processes. Current and potential applications of remotely sensed data are also stressed. At present, all-weather, day and night observations of the polar regions can be obtained from sensors operating in different portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Because the approaches for analysis of remotely sensed data are not straightforward, Chapter 1 serves to introduce the reader to some of the optical, thermal and electrical properties of ice and snow as they pertain to remote sensing. In Chapter 2 we briefly describe many of the sensors and platforms that are referred to in the rest of the book. The remaining chapters deal with remote sensing of the seasonal snow cover, lake and river ice, permafrost, glacier ice and sea ice.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4842-6
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  • 41
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    Digital Telephony and Network Integration (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401571777
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 451 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 A Network in Transition -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The Network Yesterday -- 1.3 The Network Today -- 1.4 The Network Tomorrow -- 2 Speech Digitization Fundamentals -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Speech Coding Approaches -- 2.3 Sampling -- 2.4 Quantization -- 2.5 Effect of Digitization on Bandwidth -- 2.6 Speech Digitizer Performance -- 2.7 Speech Coding Advantages -- 3 Pulse Code Modulation -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Basic PCM Encoding -- 3.3 Compression and Nonuniform Quantization -- 3.4 PCM Performance -- 4 Efficient Speech Coding Techniques -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Special PCM Techniques -- 4.3 Differential PCM -- 4.4 Delta Modulation (DM) -- 4.5 Subband Coding (SBC) -- 4.6 Adaptive Predictive Coding (APC) -- 4.7 Adaptive Transform Coding (ATC) -- 4.8 Vocoders -- 4.9 Hybrid (Waveform-Parametric) Techniques -- 4.10 Performance -- 5 Digital Techniques in the Telephone Network -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Synchronization -- 5.3 Time-Division Multiplexing -- 5.4 Error Coders -- 5.5 Scramblers -- 5.6 Channel Coders -- 5.7 Signal Impairments in Transmission -- 5.8 Signaling and Supervision -- 5.9 Monitoring and Maintenance -- 5.10 Digital Speech Interpolation -- 5.11 Digital Repeaters -- 5.12 Digitization of the Loop Plant -- 5.13 Speech Recognition -- 5.14 Computer Voice Response -- 6 Digital Transmission -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Digital Modulation Techniques -- 6.3 T-Carrier Systems -- 6.4 The Digital Hierarchy -- 6.5 Multiplexing -- 6.6 Error Control -- 6.7 Pair-Gain Systems -- 6.8 Retrofit -- 6.9 Testing and Fault Detection -- 7 Microwave Transmission -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Characteristics of Microwave Propagation -- 7.3 Microwave System Engineering -- 7.4 Characteristics of Microwave Equipment -- 7.5 Digital Microwave Radio Systems -- 8 Satellite Transmission -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Characteristics of Satellite Propagation -- 8.3 Satellite System Design -- 8.4 Characteristics of Satellite System Equipment -- 8.5 Major Operational Communication Satellite Systems -- 8.6 Future Trends in Communication Satellite Systems -- 9 Fiber Optic Transmission -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Fiber Transmission Characteristics -- 9.3 Fiber Types -- 9.4 Optical Sources -- 9.5 Photodetectors -- 9.6 Coupling of Sources to Fibers -- 9.7 Repeaters and Couplers -- 9.8 Noise Sources -- 9.9 Operational and Planned Fiber Optic Systems -- 9.10 Wavelength Division Multiplexing -- 9.11 Future Optical Telephone Network -- 10 The Circuit Switching Environment -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Basic Switching Functions -- 10.3 Basic Switching System -- 10.4 Control Concepts -- 10.5 Signaling -- 10.6 Switching Network Technology -- 10.7 Why Digital Switching? -- 11 Digital Switching Architecture -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Terminal Interface Techniques -- 11.3 Switching Network Considerations -- 11.4 Service Circuit Techniques -- 11.5 Control Architectures -- 11.6 Maintenance Diagnostics and Administration -- 12 Operational Switching Systems -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Rockwell 580 DSS -- 12.3 Stromberg-Carlson System Century DCO -- 12.4 Northern Telecom DMS-100 -- 12.5 GTE GTD-5 EAX -- 12.6 AT&T No. 5 ESS -- 12.7 ITT System 1240 -- 12.8 GTE GTD-3 EAX -- 12.9 AT&T No. 4 ESS -- 13 Evolution of the Switched Digital Network -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 The North American Analog Network -- 13.3 The Evolving Digital Network -- 13.4 Intra-LATA Networks -- 14 Evolution of the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) -- 14.1 The ISDN Concept -- 14.2 ISDN Plans and Progress -- 14.3 Future Trends and Issues.
    Abstract: What is "digital telephony"? To the authors, the term digital telephony de­ notes the technology used to provide a completely digital point-to-point voice communication system from end to end. This implies the use of digital technol­ ogy from one end instrument through the transmission facilities and switching centers to another end instrument. Digital telephony has become possible only because of the recent and ongoing surge of semiconductor developments allowing microminiaturization and high reliability along with reduced costs. This book deals with both the future and the present. Thus, the first chapter is entitled, "A Network in Transition." As baselines, Chapters 2, 3, and 10 provide the reader with the present status of telephone technology in terms of voice digitization as well as switching principles. The book is an outgrowth of the authors' continuing engineering education course, "Digital Telephony," which they have taught since January, 1980, to attendees from business, industry, government, common carriers, and tele­ phony equipment manufacturers. These attendees come from a wide variety of educational backgrounds. but generally have the equivalent of at least a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering. The book has been written to provide both the engineering student and the practicing engineer a working knowledge of the principles of present and future voice communication systems based upon the use of the public switched network. Problems or discussion questions have been included at the ends of the chapters to facilitate the book's use as a senior level or first year graduate level course text.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-7177-7
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  • 42
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    Going Sour : Science and Politics of Acid Rain (1985)
    Boston, MA : Birkhäuser Boston
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489966834
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 155 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-6683-4
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  • 43
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    Gene Manipulation and Expression (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401165655
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One: Rearrangement of Prokaryotic Genetic Material and DNA Cloning Vectors -- 1 Genomic Structure and Evolution of Bacillus licheniformis ? and LP52 Phage Family -- 2 Expression of the Synthetic Proenkephalin Gene in E. coli -- 3 Cloning and Expression of Bacillus?-Glucanase Genes -- 4 Regulation of ?-Amylase Synthesis in Bacillus subtilis -- 5 New Variations on an Old Theme: Type I Restriction Enzymes and Their Recognition Sequences -- 6 The EcoDXX1 Restriction and Modification System of Escherichia coli ET7 -- 7 Biological Function of Type I Restriction Enzymes -- 8 The Fosfomycin Resistance Transposon Tn2921 -- 9 Transposition-like Events Mediated by Single-ended Derivatives of Transposon Tn21 -- 10 Cloning and Expression of Determinants Encoding Toxigenicity in Enterobacteria -- 11 Extrachromosomal Replicons in Streptomyces lavendulaegrasserius -- Two: DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase in Prokaryotes: Structure and Function, Promoter Selection -- 1 Genetic Dissection of E. coli RNA Polymerase -- 2 Non-essential Sequences in the ? Subunit of E. coli RNA Polymerase -- 3 Sequence Analysis of the ? Gene of E. coli RNA Polymerase: Correlation with Structure-Function Studies -- 4 DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase from Streptomyces granaticolor -- 5 Transcriptional and Translational Signals in Phages PZA and ø29 -- 6 Host-Vector System with the PR’ Promoter of Phage Lambda -- 7 On the Difficulties of Defining and Measuring Promoter Strength1 The Case of the Promoters of Bacterial rRNA Genes -- Three: The Role of cAMP in Gene Expression -- 1 Cyclic AMP in Bacteria: Catabolite Repression and Related Effects -- 2 DNA Sequences Involved in Expression and Regulation of deoR-, cytR- and cAMP/CRP-Controlled Genes in Escherichia coli -- 3 Differential Cellular Distribution of Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase during Development of Dictyostelium discoideum -- 4 Amplification of the Adenylate Cyclase Gene in Escherichia coli K12 -- 5 Factors Regulating the Activity of Escherichia coli Adenylate Cyclase -- 6 Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism by the Bacterial PEP:Sugar Phosphotransferase System -- 7 ATP-Dependent HPr Kinase Involved in Regulation of Carbohydrate Uptake in Gram-positive Bacteria: Inducer Exclusion and Inducer Expulsion -- 8 Regulation of cAMP Synthesis in Streptomyces granaticolor -- 9 Differences in Regulation of a Bacillus megaterium Metalloproteinase during Growth and Sporulation -- Four: Translational Control of Gene Expression -- 1 Ribosomal Protein Sl: “The Messenger RNA-Catching Arm” of Escherichia coli Ribosome -- 2 Initiation of Translation of Genetic Information in Streptomyces aureofaciens -- 3 Bacilli as Hosts for Protein Production -- 4 Structure and Expression of a Chloramphenicol Resistance Gene, cat-86, Cloned from Bacillus pumilus -- 5 An Approach to Controlled Removal of the 3? End of Ribosomal 16S RNA -- 6 Three Ribosomal tRNA-Binding Sites Involved in the Elongation Process -- 7 Structure, Function and Evolution of the 3? Ends of Small Ribosomal Subunit RNA -- 8 Amino Acid Residues In Elongation Factor Tu from Escherichia coli Near the Binding Site for the 3? Terminus of Aminoacyl-tRNA -- 9 Structural and Functional Alterations of Protein-Synthesis Elongation Factor Tu Purified from Streptomyces aureofaciens in an Aggregated State -- 10 Excessive Translational Accuracy Can Inhibit Growth -- 11 Particulate Protein-Synthesis Factors Associated with Translatable mRNA in Mammalian Cells.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6565-5
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  • 44
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    Handbook of Printed Circuit Manufacturing (1985)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401170123
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 620 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Section 1. Design and Manufacture of Printed Circuits -- 1. How Printed Circuit Boards Are Manufactured: Processes and Materials -- 2. Computer Aided Design and Design Automation -- 3. Digital Printed Circuit Design -- Section 2. Planning, Document Control, and Quality -- 4. Definitions -- 5. Planning -- 6. Quality Assurance Program -- 7. Quality Assurance Manual -- Section 3. Imaging and Artwork -- 8. Artwork Processing -- 9. Artwork Registration Systems for Dry Film Imaging -- 10. Dry Film Imaging -- 11. Screen Printing -- Section 4. N/C Processing -- 12. Numerical Controlled Drilling and Routing -- 12A. Drilling Procedures -- Section 5. Plating and Other Wet Processes -- 13. Metal Thickness Determination -- 14. Amperage Determination -- 15. The Electroless Copper Process 300 Detecting Problems -- 16. Pattern Plating: Copper, Tin-Lead, and Other Metals -- 17. Contact Finger Plating -- 18. Resist Stripping -- 19. Etching -- 20. Tin-Lead Fusing -- Section 6. Multilayer Printed Circuits -- 21. Multilayer Processing -- 22. Etchback and Smear Removal -- Section 7. Process Control -- 23. The Laboratory -- Section 8. The Marketing Program -- 24. Sales Tools -- 25. What Sales People Should Know About Printed Circuits -- Appendix A: Yield Tracking: A Tool for Productivity -- Appendix B: CAD: Swift, Precise, Infinitely Repeatable, but Never Creative -- Appendix C: Soldermask Over Bare Copper: Alternatives and Manufacturing Techniques -- Appendix D: Control and Operation of Printed Circuit Plating Baths with the Hull Cell -- Appendix E: Troubleshooting the IR Fusing Process -- Appendix F: Preserving Solderability with Solder Coatings -- Appendix G: Screen Printing Is the Answer -- Appendix H: Forecasting Waste Treatment Requirements -- Appendix I: Wave Soldering of Discrete Chip Components.
    Abstract: Of all the components that go into electronic equipment, the printed circuit probably requires more manufacturing operations-each of which must be per­ formed by a skilled person-than any other. As a shift supervisor early in my printed circuit career, I had to hire and train personnel for all job functions. The amount of responsibility delegated to my subordinates depended strictly on how well I had been able to train them. Training people can be a trying experience and is always a time-consuming one. It behooved me to help my workers obtain the highest degree of job under­ standing and skill that they and I were capable of. One hindrance to effective teaching is poor continuity of thought, for example, having to say to a trainee, "Wait a minute; forget what I just told you. We have to go back and do some­ thing else first. " It was in trying to avoid pitfalls such as this that I undertook a detailed examination of the processes involved, what I thought each trainee had to know, and what questions they would most frequently ask. From this analysis I developed the various process procedures. Only after I had done so was I able to train effectively and with the confidence that I was doing the best possible job. Answers had to be at hand for all of their questions and in what­ ever detail they needed to know.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7012-3
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  • 45
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    Evaluation of Quality of Fruits and Vegetables (1985)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461325499
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2549-9
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