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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (26)
  • 2025-2025
  • 1980-1984  (26)
  • 1981  (26)
  • Boston, MA : Springer US  (26)
Datasource
Material
Language
Years
  • 2025-2025
  • 1980-1984  (26)
Year
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468410747
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Political science.
    Abstract: 1 Political Psychology: a Whig History -- The Dawn of Modern Psychology -- Political Psychology Emerges in the Twentieth Century -- The Lasswellian Era: 1930–1950 -- Authoritarianism and Alienation: The 1950s -- The New Frontier in Political Psychology: Personal Efficacy and Involvement in the 1960s -- The Escalation of Psychological Approaches in the 1970s -- “Psychological” Variables: A Theoretical Note -- Summary and Concluding Statement -- References -- 2 Perception and Cognition: an Information-Processing Framework for Politics -- Some Problems in Behavioral Research on Politics -- Perception and Cognition: Clarifying the Concepts -- Perception and Politics -- Cognition and Politics -- Conclusion: The Relations between Political Thought and Political Behavior -- References -- 3 Psychobiography and Psychohistory -- Psychobiography: Causal Explanations of Individuals -- Psychobiography: Coherent Whole Explanations of Individuals -- Social Psychohistory: Causal Explanations of Group Behavior -- Social Psychohistory: Coherent Whole Explanations of Group Behavior -- References -- 4 Political Learning -- A Behaviorist Stimulus-Response Model of Political Learning -- Nonexperiential Learning -- Related Cognitive Processes -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- 5 Community Psychology -- Historical Events in the Formation of Community Psychology -- Issues in the Definition of Community Psychology -- Models of Community Psychology -- Persistent Common Concerns -- References.
    Abstract: On Revolutions That Never Were "If you want to understand what a science is," the anthropologist Clifford Geertz (1973, p. 5) has written, "you should look in the first instance not at its theories or its findings, and certainly not at what its apologists say about it; you should look at what the practitioners of it do. " If it is not always possible to follow this instruction, it is because the rate of change in scientific work is rapid and the growth of publications reporting on this work is great. It is therefore the task of a handbook, like this Hand­ book of Political Behavior, to summarize and evaluate what the practi­ tioners report. But it is always prudent to keep in mind that a handbook is only a shortcut and that there is no substitute for looking directly at what the practitioners of a science do. For when scientists are "at work" (Walter, 1971), the image of what they are doing is often quite different from that conveyed in the "briefs" that, in their own way, make a hand­ book so valuable that we cannot do without it. These reflections set the stage.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461592181
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 233 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences
    Abstract: 1Inhibition of Chemical Carcinogenesis by Phenols, Coumarins, Aromatic Isothiocyanates, Flavones, and Indoles -- I. Introduction -- II. Inhibitors of Chemical Carcinogens -- III. Discussion -- 2Inhibition of Carcinogen Metabolism and Action by Disulfiram, Pyrazole, and Related Compounds -- I. Introduction -- II. Disulfiram -- III. Sodium Diethyldithiocarbamate and Dithiocarbamate Pesticides -- IV. Carbon Disulfide -- V. Pyrazole -- VI. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Benzo[a]pyrene and 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene -- VII. Hydrazo and Azoxy Carcinogens -- VIII. N-Nitrosamines -- IX. Arylamines -- X. Azo Dyes: 3?-Methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene -- XI. Ultraviolet Light -- XII. Spontaneous Tumors -- XIII. Other Effects of Thiono Sulfur Compounds -- References -- 3Retinoids and Chemoprevention of Cancer -- I. Introduction -- II. Retinoids and Epithelial Cell Differentiation -- III. Suppression of Malignant Transformation and Tumor Promotion by Retinoids -- IV. Retinoid Deficiency and Carcinogenesis -- V. Natural Retinoids and Prevention of Carcinogenesis -- VI. Structure-Activity Relationships of New Synthetic Retinoids -- VII. Prevention of Cancer in Experimental Animals with New Synthetic Retinoids -- VIII. Mechanism of Action of Retinoids in Chemoprevention of Cancer -- IX. Mechanism of Toxicity of Retinoids -- X. Combination Chemoprevention with Retinoids -- References -- 4Ascorbic Acid Inhibition of N-Nitroso Compound Formation in Chemical, Food, and Biological Systems -- I. Introduction -- II. In Vitro Studies -- III. In Vivo Studies -- IV Tests on Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity of Ascorbic Acid -- V. Effects of Ascorbic Acid on Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity of N-Nitroso Compounds -- VI. Ascorbic Acid and Carcinogenesis in Man -- VII. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 5?-Tocopherol (Vitamin E) and Its Relationship to Tumor Induction and Development -- I. Introduction -- II. Vitamin E as an Antitumor Agent -- III. Nitroso Compounds -- IV. Formation of N-Nitroso Compounds -- V. Blocking N-Nitroso Compound Formation -- VI. ?-Tocopherol Applications -- VII. Ascorbic Acid and Tocopherol Effect on Preformed Nitrosamines -- VIII. Summary -- References -- 6Trace Elements and Metals as Anticarcinogens -- I. Introduction -- II. Selenium -- III. Zinc -- IV. Copper -- V. Other Trace Elements and Metals -- VI. Closing Remarks -- References -- 7Plant Sterols: Protective Role in Chemical Carcinogenesis -- I. Background -- II. Plant Sterols: Structure and Function -- III. Animal Test Systems -- IV. Results -- V. Discussion -- References -- 8Immunoprevention -- I. Introduction -- II. Detection of Tumor-Associated Antigens in Experimental Rat Bowel Carcinomas -- III. Evidence that Embryonic Antigens are Associated with Bowel Carcinomas -- IV. Enhanced 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Tumorigenesis in Immunosuppressed Rats -- V. Inhibitory Effect on Bowel Carcinogenesis by Immunization with Transplantable Syngeneic Colon Carcinoma -- VI. Inhibitory Effect on Bowel Carcinogenesis by Immunization with Fetal Tissue -- VII. Inhibition of 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Carcinogenesis in Multiparous Rats -- VIII. Effect of Tumor Resection on the Development of Additional Primary Tumors -- IX. Regression of Early Primary Bowel Carcinomas by Multimodal Immunological Treatment -- X. Conclusions -- References -- 9Summation and Future Challenges -- I. Introduction -- II. Challenges to Chemists and Molecular and Cell Biologists -- III. Challenges to Epidemiologists and Oncologists.
    Abstract: The primary purpose of this book is to bring to the attention of members of the medical and scientific communities, as well as to other interested persons, a new and expanding area of investigation that features the use of chemicals for the prevention of tumor induction and development. This novel use of chemical compounds has succeeded in producing a remarkable series of discoveries in recent years. Some of these are beginning to be evaluated in the field of clinical oncology in a manner that has potentially enormous public health implications. It is anticipated, therefore, that increasing amounts of time, energy, and financial resources will be devoted to the further development and expansion of this work. The major contribution of this book at the present time is that it summarizes and brings up to date the pioneering efforts of the various scientists who originated this new and exciting field of scientific activity. The thoughts expressed by Louis Pasteur in 1884 may soon be applicable in the fight against cancer: "When meditating over a disease, I never think of finding a remedy for it, but instead a means of preventing it. " The emphasis on cancer prevention currently underway is the result, in part, of an increased awareness that the environment-geographical, cultural, and occupational-has a role in development of the disease.
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9781468439113
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (704p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Methodology ; Sociology—Methodology.
    Abstract: Annotated Bibliography -- Late Additions -- Author Index.
    Abstract: The Scope of Brief Therapy Within the last two decades there has been a dramatic expansion in the uses of short-term treatment (Grayson, 1979, Small, 1979). Brief therapies have been and continue to be widely used with a number of different patient popu­ lations in a broad variety of service settings. They have been reported in use with children, adolescents, adults~ and the aged; in groups, families, and individual treatment; on college campuses, high schools, in community mental health centers, in child guidance clinics, in private psychiatric clinics, in hospitals as part of out-patient or in-patient therapy, in programs of preventive community mental health; with the rich, the middle class, and the poor (Barten, 1971, 1972; Caplan, 1961, 1964; Small, 1979; Wolberg, 1965). Further, short term methods of therapy range across all of the major and well-known theoretical orientations found in the broader field of psychotherapy. There are some unique theoretical contributions which can be found within this field as well.
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9781475702200
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XLIV, 1041 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Minorities and Special Needs -- 2 Rural & Urban Issues -- 3 Prevention -- 4 Training, Education, and Credentialinc -- 5 Vocational Rehabilitation -- 6 Managerial & Administrative Issues -- 7 Sociology of Drug Abuse -- 8 Public Policy -- 9 Miscellaneous.
    Abstract: Determination and treatment of the unique needs of each addicted individual is a prerequisite to rehabilitation. General descriptions of large subgroups of the addicted population may only serve to iden­ tify issues pertinent to treatment and global treatment needs. How­ ever, specification of services needed is a first step in incorpora­ ting these in treatment. Clearly, women in treatment need many ser­ vices which, currently, are not typically available and may be criti­ cal for successful treatment of many of these women. REFERENCES Anderson, M. 1977. Medical needs of addicted women and men and the implications for treatment: focus on women. WDR report #4. Nat. Inst. Drug Abuse. Special Treatment Projects Section, Services Research Branch, Div. Resource Development. Blinick, G. 1971. Fertility of narcotics addicts and effects of ad­ diction on the offspring. Soc. BioI. l8(Supplement): 34. Blumer, H. et al. 1967. The World of Youthful Drug Use. Berkeley, California: Univ. of Calif. Doyle, K. and Levy, S. 1975. The female client: How treated in drug abuse programs. Paper presented at Annual Meeting, Am. Psychol. Assoc., Chicago, Illinois. Edwards, H., Johnston, M., and Simon, W. 1976. The incidence and prevalence of drug use among adults in Illinois. Report: Insti­ tute for Juvenile Research, Dept. Mental Health, Chicago, Ill. Eldred, C. and Washington, M. 1976. Interpersonal relationships in heroin use by men and women and their role in treatment outcome. Int. J. Add. 11: 117.
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9781461332466
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: 2nd Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9781461575757
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (262p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Keywords: Evolution (Biology) ; Humanities
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461332312
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 · The Child Dying in the Hospital -- Discussion -- 2 · Care of the Dying Child at Home -- Discussion -- 3 · The Bereaved Parent -- Discussion -- 4 · Where Was God? The Legitimacy of Religious Anger -- Discussion -- 5 · The Clergyman’s Role in Grief Counseling -- 6 · Care in Chronic Fatal Genetic Disease -- Discussion (papers of Grollman and Milunsky) -- 7 · Explaining Death to Children -- 8 · Coping with Suicide in the Family -- Discussion -- 9 · Treating the Person Confronting Death -- 10 · Ethics and the Care of the Child with Terminal Illness -- Discussion -- 11 · Kids Are People Too, Sometimes: Parents vs. Children -- Discussion -- 12 · Coping with Handicap: Searching for the Boundaries -- Discussion -- 13 · Helping Parents Cope with a Profoundly Mentally Retarded Child -- 14 · The Involvement of Siblings of Children with Handicaps -- Discussion (papers of Challela and Crocker) -- 15 · Reaching Autistic Children: Strategies for Parents and Helping Professionals -- Discussion -- 16 · Coping with Sexuality and Sexual Vulnerability in Developmentally Disabled Individuals -- Discussion -- 17 · A Little Bit of Awkward: Children and Their Disabled Peers -- 18 · Teaching Teachers to Cope -- 19 · Coping Strategies of Children and Their Families -- Discussion (papers of Brightman, O’Connor, and Cahners) -- 20 · Law and the Handicapped -- 21 · Societal Perspectives: Where Do We Go from Here? -- Discussion (papers of Beyer and Dybwad) -- Selected Recent Bibliography -- Children and Death, Books, Chapters, Television Programs (1973–1978) -- Children and Death, Journal Articles (1973–1978) -- Handicap and Bioethics, Books (1973–1978) -- Handicap and Bioethics, Journal Articles (1973–1978) -- Death, Suicide, and Chronic Illness, Journal Articles (1972–1979) -- Autism and Burns, Journal Articles (1974–1979).
    Abstract: For over 20 years I have accepted the challenge and had the privilege of caring for sick children, agonizing with their parents during periods of serious illness, which were sometimes fatal. Because of my particular interest in and concern about birth defects and genetic disease, many of these children had severe disabling handicaps, which were often genetic and included mental retardation. Hence care of these children and their families was often complicated by the presence of serious or profound genetic defects. The initial realization of the nature of the disorder invariably led to emotional . difficulties and inevitably later spawned chronic distress. For some children inexorable deterioration led to untimely deaths, while the parents agonized over their handi­ capped, chronically ill, or defective-but nevertheless loved---.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 · The Child Dying in the HospitalDiscussion -- 2 · Care of the Dying Child at Home -- Discussion -- 3 · The Bereaved Parent -- Discussion -- 4 · Where Was God? The Legitimacy of Religious Anger -- Discussion -- 5 · The Clergyman’s Role in Grief Counseling -- 6 · Care in Chronic Fatal Genetic Disease -- Discussion (papers of Grollman and Milunsky) -- 7 · Explaining Death to Children -- 8 · Coping with Suicide in the Family -- Discussion -- 9 · Treating the Person Confronting Death -- 10 · Ethics and the Care of the Child with Terminal Illness -- Discussion -- 11 · Kids Are People Too, Sometimes: Parents vs. Children -- Discussion -- 12 · Coping with Handicap: Searching for the Boundaries -- Discussion -- 13 · Helping Parents Cope with a Profoundly Mentally Retarded Child -- 14 · The Involvement of Siblings of Children with Handicaps -- Discussion (papers of Challela and Crocker) -- 15 · Reaching Autistic Children: Strategies for Parents and Helping Professionals -- Discussion -- 16 · Coping with Sexuality and Sexual Vulnerability in Developmentally Disabled Individuals -- Discussion -- 17 · A Little Bit of Awkward: Children and Their Disabled Peers -- 18 · Teaching Teachers to Cope -- 19 · Coping Strategies of Children and Their Families -- Discussion (papers of Brightman, O’Connor, and Cahners) -- 20 · Law and the Handicapped -- 21 · Societal Perspectives: Where Do We Go from Here? -- Discussion (papers of Beyer and Dybwad) -- Selected Recent Bibliography -- Children and Death, Books, Chapters, Television Programs (1973-1978) -- Children and Death, Journal Articles (1973-1978) -- Handicap and Bioethics, Books (1973-1978) -- Handicap and Bioethics, Journal Articles (1973-1978) -- Death, Suicide, and Chronic Illness, Journal Articles (1972-1979) -- Autism and Burns, Journal Articles (1974-1979).
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9781461331988
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (346p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Accounting.
    Abstract: 1 Stretching the Grant Dollar: The Players and the Process -- Who Is Responsible for Stretching the Grant Dollar? -- What Happens to the Grant Dollar? -- 2 The Proposal Decision: Should You Apply? -- How Much Will the Application Cost You? -- What Are Your Chances for Success in Receiving an Award? -- What Cost Sharing Will Be Required If You Receive an Award? -- Does the Project Fit with Your Organization’S Mission? -- Do You Have (or Can You Get) the Resources Necessary to Carry Out the Project? -- Who in Your Organization Decides Whether or Not You Should Apply? -- 3 The Proposal Budget: Asking for the Right Amount -- How Much Do You Need? -- How Do You Know What They’ve Got? -- Never Pad a Budget -- When to Pad a Budget -- What Do You Include in a Budget? -- How Do You Develop a Budget? -- What Are the Characteristics of a Well-Prepared Grant Budget? -- Who in Your Agency Approves Grant Budgets? -- 4 The Project Award: Negotiating the Best Deal -- Negotiation: The Basic Ingredients -- Observations of Experienced Grants Getters and Givers -- 5 Grant Procedures: Putting Your Act Together -- Why Are Grant Policies and Procedures Important? -- How Do You Monitor the Technical and Fiscal Progress of Grant Projects? -- What Grant Policies Do You Need? -- How Can You Develop Grant Policies Effectively and with Minimum Effort? -- 6 Spending the Award: Getting More for Less -- The Purchasing Decision: Comparing Alternatives -- The Purchase Itself: Paying Less -- Save by Using Grantee Buying Power -- Save by Using Grantor Buying Power -- Advice and Examples of Savings from Experienced Grants Spenders -- Obstacles to Saving and How to Get around Them -- 7 Expenditures to Avoid: Over-, Under-, Unallowable -- How Do You Avoid Overexpenditures? -- How Do You Avoid Underexpenditures, and Why Should You? -- How Do You Avoid Unallowable Expenditures? -- Do You Hold Project Spending Meetings? -- 8 Cash Management: Timing Your Dollars In and Out -- How Fast Can You Collect the Grant Funds? -- How Advantageously Can You Pay Out the Grant Funds? -- How Efficiently Can You Invest Idle Cash? -- What Are the Obstacles to Effective Cash Management? -- Does Your Organization Have a Cash Management Policy for Grants? -- Who in Your Organization Is Responsible for Cash Management? -- 9 Funding-Agency Contacts: Letting Them Help -- Let Them Help You Decide Whether or Not to Apply -- Let Them Help You Write the Proposal -- Let Them Help You Ask for the Right Amount -- Let Them Advocate Your Proposal -- Let Them Give You Advance Information -- Let Them Create an RFP Based on Your Idea -- Let Them Solve Potential Problems before the Award -- Let Them Tell You Why You Didn’t Win -- Let Them Help You Negotiate the Best Deal -- Let Them Help You Get More for Less -- Let Them Help You Avoid Under-, Over-, and Unallowable Expenditures -- Let Them Help You with Cash Management -- The “Politics” of Contacts -- 10 Gamesplaying: An Obstacle to Cost-Effective Grant Spending -- What Are the Conflicting Needs of Grant Players That Lead to Adversary Relationships? -- Who Plays the Games? -- What Are Some Typical Game Scripts? -- Why and How Should Gamesplaying Be Stopped? -- 11 Your Role: Organizing for the Grant $ S-T-R-E-T-C-H! -- Who in Your Organization Is Responsible for Each Grant-Optimizing Activity Mentioned in This Book? -- Is There Someone in Your Organization Responsible for Each Activity? -- If Several Persons Share Responsibilities, Are Their Activities Coordinated? -- Do the Responsible Employees Have the Knowledge They Need to Get the Most out of Your Grant Dollars? -- Is There a Better Way to Combine Tasks and Positions to Get the Most out of Your Grant Dollar? -- What Can You Do? -- Appendix A Definition of Terms -- Appendix B Sample Purchasing Policy and Forms -- Appendix C Sample Travel Policy and Forms -- Appendix D Sample Consultant/Independent Contractor Forms -- Appendix E Federal Excess Property Program Regional Offices -- Appendix F Acquisition of Excess Government Personal Property by National Science Foundation Grantees -- References.
    Abstract: Do you work for an organization that depends on receiving grant funds for sur­ vival? Do you work for one that gives grants? Have you been in the grants busi­ ness a long time? Or a relatively short time? Do you plan to work for a grant­ giving or grant-receiving organization? If you answered "Yes" to any of these questions, this book is written for you. It will save you money. You will share in professional secrets that, up until now, have not been in print. You will find out more about the roles that others play in the grant-spending process; thus you will have an advantage in dealing with others. You will receive tips for spending grant dollars effectively and will be alerted to obstacles that may prevent you from maximizing grant funds. "Grants programs should be run more efficiently, cut out the organizational 'fat,' and develop better management techniques," a trustee of the Rosenberg Foundation was quoted as saying in the Foundation News recently. In this same issue, a leader of the Alcoholism Center for Women in Los Angeles told of trim­ ming superfluous grant spending across the board. "We want to provide the same services," she stated. "We're cutting the fat. " The topic of the article was Cali­ fornia's Proposition 13 and its impact on nonprofit organizations that depend on grant funds for their survival. (l) Not only are taxpayers revolting nationwide against paying ever-increasing taxes, but Congressmen are apparently listening.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Stretching the Grant Dollar: The Players and the ProcessWho Is Responsible for Stretching the Grant Dollar? -- What Happens to the Grant Dollar? -- 2 The Proposal Decision: Should You Apply? -- How Much Will the Application Cost You? -- What Are Your Chances for Success in Receiving an Award? -- What Cost Sharing Will Be Required If You Receive an Award? -- Does the Project Fit with Your Organization’S Mission? -- Do You Have (or Can You Get) the Resources Necessary to Carry Out the Project? -- Who in Your Organization Decides Whether or Not You Should Apply? -- 3 The Proposal Budget: Asking for the Right Amount -- How Much Do You Need? -- How Do You Know What They’ve Got? -- Never Pad a Budget -- When to Pad a Budget -- What Do You Include in a Budget? -- How Do You Develop a Budget? -- What Are the Characteristics of a Well-Prepared Grant Budget? -- Who in Your Agency Approves Grant Budgets? -- 4 The Project Award: Negotiating the Best Deal -- Negotiation: The Basic Ingredients -- Observations of Experienced Grants Getters and Givers -- 5 Grant Procedures: Putting Your Act Together -- Why Are Grant Policies and Procedures Important? -- How Do You Monitor the Technical and Fiscal Progress of Grant Projects? -- What Grant Policies Do You Need? -- How Can You Develop Grant Policies Effectively and with Minimum Effort? -- 6 Spending the Award: Getting More for Less -- The Purchasing Decision: Comparing Alternatives -- The Purchase Itself: Paying Less -- Save by Using Grantee Buying Power -- Save by Using Grantor Buying Power -- Advice and Examples of Savings from Experienced Grants Spenders -- Obstacles to Saving and How to Get around Them -- 7 Expenditures to Avoid: Over-, Under-, Unallowable -- How Do You Avoid Overexpenditures? -- How Do You Avoid Underexpenditures, and Why Should You? -- How Do You Avoid Unallowable Expenditures? -- Do You Hold Project Spending Meetings? -- 8 Cash Management: Timing Your Dollars In and Out -- How Fast Can You Collect the Grant Funds? -- How Advantageously Can You Pay Out the Grant Funds? -- How Efficiently Can You Invest Idle Cash? -- What Are the Obstacles to Effective Cash Management? -- Does Your Organization Have a Cash Management Policy for Grants? -- Who in Your Organization Is Responsible for Cash Management? -- 9 Funding-Agency Contacts: Letting Them Help -- Let Them Help You Decide Whether or Not to Apply -- Let Them Help You Write the Proposal -- Let Them Help You Ask for the Right Amount -- Let Them Advocate Your Proposal -- Let Them Give You Advance Information -- Let Them Create an RFP Based on Your Idea -- Let Them Solve Potential Problems before the Award -- Let Them Tell You Why You Didn’t Win -- Let Them Help You Negotiate the Best Deal -- Let Them Help You Get More for Less -- Let Them Help You Avoid Under-, Over-, and Unallowable Expenditures -- Let Them Help You with Cash Management -- The “Politics” of Contacts -- 10 Gamesplaying: An Obstacle to Cost-Effective Grant Spending -- What Are the Conflicting Needs of Grant Players That Lead to Adversary Relationships? -- Who Plays the Games? -- What Are Some Typical Game Scripts? -- Why and How Should Gamesplaying Be Stopped? -- 11 Your Role: Organizing for the Grant $ S-T-R-E-T-C-H! -- Who in Your Organization Is Responsible for Each Grant-Optimizing Activity Mentioned in This Book? -- Is There Someone in Your Organization Responsible for Each Activity? -- If Several Persons Share Responsibilities, Are Their Activities Coordinated? -- Do the Responsible Employees Have the Knowledge They Need to Get the Most out of Your Grant Dollars? -- Is There a Better Way to Combine Tasks and Positions to Get the Most out of Your Grant Dollar? -- What Can You Do? -- Appendix A Definition of Terms -- Appendix B Sample Purchasing Policy and Forms -- Appendix C Sample Travel Policy and Forms -- Appendix D Sample Consultant/Independent Contractor Forms -- Appendix E Federal Excess Property Program Regional Offices -- Appendix F Acquisition of Excess Government Personal Property by National Science Foundation Grantees -- References.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461565529
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 563 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I Introduction -- 1 A Survey on Biological Rhythms -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Data Analysis -- 4 Mathematical Models -- II Daily Rhythms -- 5 Circadian Systems: General Perspective -- 6 Freerunning and Entrained Circadian Rhythms -- 7 Circadian Systems: Entrainment -- 8 Behavioral Rhythms in Invertebrates -- 9 Neural and Endocrine Control of Circadian Rhythmicity in Invertebrates -- 10 Genetics and Development of Circadian Rhythms in Invertebrates -- 11 Vertebrate Behavioral Rhythms -- 12 Internal Temporal Order -- 13 Neural and Endocrine Control of Circadian Rhythms in the Vertebrates -- 14 Ontogeny of Circadian Rhythms -- 15 Adaptive Daily Strategies in Behavior -- 16 Clock-Controlled Orientation in Space -- 17 The Circadian System of Man -- 18 Rhythms in Performance -- III Tidal, Lunar, and Annual Rhythms -- 19 Tidal and Lunar Rhythms -- 20 Annual Rhythms: Perspective -- 21 Circannual Systems -- 22 Insect Photoperiodism -- 23 Photoperiodism in Vertebrates -- 24 Annual Rhythms in Man -- IV Rhythms Not Directly Related to Environmental Cycles -- 25 Short-Term Rhythms in Activity -- 26 Temporal Characteristics of Sleep -- 27 Cyclic Function of the Mammalian Ovary.
    Abstract: Interest in biological rhythms has been traced back more than 2,500]ears to Archilochus, the Greek poet, who in one of his fragments suggests ",,(i,,(VWO'KE o'olos pv{}J.tos txv{}pW7rOVS ~XH" (recognize what rhythm governs man) (Aschoff, 1974). Reference can also be made to the French student of medicine J. J. Virey who, in his thesis of 1814, used for the first time the expression "horloge vivante" (living clock) to describe daily rhythms and to D. C. W. Hufeland (1779) who called the 24-hour period the unit of our natural chronology. However, it was not until the 1930s that real progress was made in the analysis of biological rhythms; and Erwin Bunning was encouraged to publish the first, and still not outdated, monograph in the field in 1958. Two years later, in the middle of exciting discoveries, we took a breather at the Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Biological Clocks. Its survey on rules considered valid at that time, and Pittendrigh's anticipating view on the temporal organization of living systems, made it a milestone on our way from a more formalistic description of biological rhythms to the understanding of their structural and physiological basis.
    Description / Table of Contents: I Introduction1 A Survey on Biological Rhythms -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Data Analysis -- 4 Mathematical Models -- II Daily Rhythms -- 5 Circadian Systems: General Perspective -- 6 Freerunning and Entrained Circadian Rhythms -- 7 Circadian Systems: Entrainment -- 8 Behavioral Rhythms in Invertebrates -- 9 Neural and Endocrine Control of Circadian Rhythmicity in Invertebrates -- 10 Genetics and Development of Circadian Rhythms in Invertebrates -- 11 Vertebrate Behavioral Rhythms -- 12 Internal Temporal Order -- 13 Neural and Endocrine Control of Circadian Rhythms in the Vertebrates -- 14 Ontogeny of Circadian Rhythms -- 15 Adaptive Daily Strategies in Behavior -- 16 Clock-Controlled Orientation in Space -- 17 The Circadian System of Man -- 18 Rhythms in Performance -- III Tidal, Lunar, and Annual Rhythms -- 19 Tidal and Lunar Rhythms -- 20 Annual Rhythms: Perspective -- 21 Circannual Systems -- 22 Insect Photoperiodism -- 23 Photoperiodism in Vertebrates -- 24 Annual Rhythms in Man -- IV Rhythms Not Directly Related to Environmental Cycles -- 25 Short-Term Rhythms in Activity -- 26 Temporal Characteristics of Sleep -- 27 Cyclic Function of the Mammalian Ovary.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468438789
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Political science.
    Abstract: 1 Political Disaffection -- The Theory of Political Alienation -- Conceptualization and Measurement of Political Discontent -- Origins and Correlates -- Explaining the Recent Trends -- Political Alienation and Political behavior -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 Sociopolitical Movements -- The Study of Sociopolitical Movements -- Theories of the Social Origins of Movements -- Mobilization, Recruitment, and the Problem of Consciousness -- Movement Organizations and the Problem of Movement Transformation -- The Strategy and Tactics of Movements -- The Dynamics of Conflict and the Outcome of Challenges -- References -- 3 Public Opinion and Ideology -- The Concept of Public Opinion -- The Individual Basis of Opinions -- Ideology in Mass Preferences -- Patterns and Trends in Contemporary American Opinion -- Public Opinion and Public Policy -- References -- 4 Political Participation -- Conceptualizing Political Participation -- Political Participation as a Function of Stimuli -- Political Participation as a Function of Personal Factors -- Political Participation as a Function of Social Position -- Political Participation as a Function of Environmental Variables -- What Difference Does Political Participation Make? -- References -- 5 Mass Communication and Politics -- Origins and Background of Contemporary Research -- The Political Media of Mass Communication -- Dimensions of the Mass Communication-Politics Relationship -- Methodological Considerations -- Theoretical Approaches -- Politics and Communication, or Political Communication? -- References -- 6 The Rise and Fall of ‘Political Development’ -- ‘Political Development’: What Is It? -- ‘Political Development’: What Happened to It? -- ‘Political Development’: What Are Its Meanings? -- Conclusion -- References.
    Abstract: In the writing of prefaces for works of this sort, most editors report being faced with similar challenges and have much in common in relating how these challenges are met. They acknowledge that their paramount ob­ jective is to provide more than an overview of topics but rather to offer selective critical reviews that will serve to advance theory and research in the particular area reviewed. The question of the appropriate audience to be addressed is usually answered by directing material to a potential audience of social scientists, graduate students, and, occasionally, ad­ vanced undergraduate students. Editors who are confronted with the problem of structuring their material often explore various means by which their social science discipline might be subdivided, then generally conclude that no particular classification strategy is superior. In elabo­ rating on the process by which the enterprise was initiated, editors typ­ ically resort to a panel of luminaries, who provide independent support for the idea and then offer both suggestions for topics and the authors who will write them. Editors usually concede that chapter topics and content do not reflect their original conception but are a compromise between their wishes and the authors' expertise and capabilities. Editors report that inevitable delays occur, authors drop out of projects and are replaced, and new topics are introduced. Finally, editors frequently con­ fess that the final product is incomplete, with gaps occurring because of failed commitments by authors or because authors could not be secured to write certain chapters.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Political DisaffectionThe Theory of Political Alienation -- Conceptualization and Measurement of Political Discontent -- Origins and Correlates -- Explaining the Recent Trends -- Political Alienation and Political behavior -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 Sociopolitical Movements -- The Study of Sociopolitical Movements -- Theories of the Social Origins of Movements -- Mobilization, Recruitment, and the Problem of Consciousness -- Movement Organizations and the Problem of Movement Transformation -- The Strategy and Tactics of Movements -- The Dynamics of Conflict and the Outcome of Challenges -- References -- 3 Public Opinion and Ideology -- The Concept of Public Opinion -- The Individual Basis of Opinions -- Ideology in Mass Preferences -- Patterns and Trends in Contemporary American Opinion -- Public Opinion and Public Policy -- References -- 4 Political Participation -- Conceptualizing Political Participation -- Political Participation as a Function of Stimuli -- Political Participation as a Function of Personal Factors -- Political Participation as a Function of Social Position -- Political Participation as a Function of Environmental Variables -- What Difference Does Political Participation Make? -- References -- 5 Mass Communication and Politics -- Origins and Background of Contemporary Research -- The Political Media of Mass Communication -- Dimensions of the Mass Communication-Politics Relationship -- Methodological Considerations -- Theoretical Approaches -- Politics and Communication, or Political Communication? -- References -- 6 The Rise and Fall of ‘Political Development’ -- ‘Political Development’: What Is It? -- ‘Political Development’: What Happened to It? -- ‘Political Development’: What Are Its Meanings? -- Conclusion -- References.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461597780
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: List of Contents -- Section I Turnover of Central Neurotransmitters -- 1 The Turnover of Neurotransmitters in the Brain: An Introduction -- 2 The Turnover of Catecholamines -- 3 The Turnover of 5-Hydroxytryptamine -- 4 The Turnover of Acetylcholine -- 5 The Turnover of Transmitter Amino Acids,With Special Reference to GABA -- 6 The Turnover of Peptides -- Section II Application of Turnover Studies to Specific Problems -- Differences in Dopamine Metabolism in Rat Striatum andOlfactory Tubercle -- Changes in Central 5-Hydroxytryptamine Turnover inducedby Acute and Chronic Inhibition of the Re-uptake Process -- Tail Pinch Induced Gnawing: Voltammetric and BehaviouralEffects of Fenfluramine -- Analysis of CSF Amine Metabolites and Precursorsincluding Tryptophan, 5HIAA and HVA by HPLC using Fluorescence and Electrochemical Detection in Primates: Effects of Probenecid -- Species Differences in the Acetylation of [3H]Cholinein Cortical Slices -- The Effects of GABA Uptake Inhibitors including 2,4-Diaminobutyric Acid on GABA Metabolism in vivo -- Concomitant Determination of Endogenous Release of Dopamine, Noradrenaline, 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone (TRH) from Rat Brain Slices and Synaptosomes.
    Abstract: The concept of chemical transmission in the central nervous system has taken some time to be generally accepted, but an increasing number of compounds are now being recognized as hav­ ing a transmitter role in the brain. The acetylcholine system was the first to be discovered in the periphery and its charac­ teristic features of storage of transmitter in vesicles in the nerve terminal, its electrically-evoked release and rapid extra­ neuronal breakdown were considered to be necessary criteria for any neurotransmitter candidate. The subsequent elucidation of the noradrenergic system made it apparent that rapid enzymatic breakdown was not essential for a released transmitter, and the possibility of high-affinity re-uptake processes became establ­ ished as an alternative means of terminating the synaptic actions of a transmitter. With the eventual acceptance of the amino acids as excitat­ ory or inhibitory transmitters, the requirement for a transmit­ ter to be present in a low concentration overall (although locally concentrated in specific terminals) also had to be discarded. This necessitated the additional concept of specif­ ic metabolic pools with different functions being located in different cells or within different regions of the same cell. Some localization of glutamate and aspartate remote from excit­ able membranes is clearly essential since their overall brain concentrations would be sufficient to maximally depolarize the majority of neurones in the brain. The concept of separate metabolic pools has been supported by stUdies on turnover rate (see Chapter 5).
    Description / Table of Contents: List of ContentsSection I Turnover of Central Neurotransmitters -- 1 The Turnover of Neurotransmitters in the Brain: An Introduction -- 2 The Turnover of Catecholamines -- 3 The Turnover of 5-Hydroxytryptamine -- 4 The Turnover of Acetylcholine -- 5 The Turnover of Transmitter Amino Acids,With Special Reference to GABA -- 6 The Turnover of Peptides -- Section II Application of Turnover Studies to Specific Problems -- Differences in Dopamine Metabolism in Rat Striatum andOlfactory Tubercle -- Changes in Central 5-Hydroxytryptamine Turnover inducedby Acute and Chronic Inhibition of the Re-uptake Process -- Tail Pinch Induced Gnawing: Voltammetric and BehaviouralEffects of Fenfluramine -- Analysis of CSF Amine Metabolites and Precursorsincluding Tryptophan, 5HIAA and HVA by HPLC using Fluorescence and Electrochemical Detection in Primates: Effects of Probenecid -- Species Differences in the Acetylation of [3H]Cholinein Cortical Slices -- The Effects of GABA Uptake Inhibitors including 2,4-Diaminobutyric Acid on GABA Metabolism in vivo -- Concomitant Determination of Endogenous Release of Dopamine, Noradrenaline, 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone (TRH) from Rat Brain Slices and Synaptosomes.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468436143
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIX, 1342 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Drug Abuse Treatment: General -- 2 Treatment: Therapeutic Communities -- 3 Alcoholism -- 4 Women and Children -- 5 Innovations in Clinical Pharmacology: Narcotic Antagonists in Treatment -- 6 Innovations in Clinical Pharmacology: Laam in Treatment -- 7 General Pharmacology -- 8 Evaluation of treatment Outcome -- 9 Medical and Psychiatric Aspects.
    Abstract: The 1978 National Drug Abuse Conference held in Seattle marked the beginning of the second decade of these conferences and their predecessor National Methadone Conferences. They began as small conferences devoted to understanding the problems and promises in­ herent in methadone maintenance treatment of opiate-dependent pa­ tients. The first conference was held about a decade ago in New York City at the Rockefeller University. The attendees consisted of a small group of invited clinicians, administrators, and research workers. Over the years the conferences have increased in both breadth and depth of their coverage. On a national scale this conference alone considered the issues of alcoholism, opiate dependence, polydrug abuse, and all other forms of substance abuse. The thousands attending each of the conferences came from all walks of life within our field. Lawyers, physicians, and basic and applied research scientists met and interacted with counselors, administrators, government officials, ex-addicts, con­ trolled alcoholics, and others with serious interest in this field. Only at this conference was it possible to attend presentations con­ cerning the newest findings of a cellular, molecular, and chemical basis on one day and participate in discussions of problems of dis­ advantaged minorities, women, and clinicians on the next day. It was uniquely possible to meet with government officials and question them publicly, as well as in individual private conversations at this conference.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Drug Abuse Treatment: General2 Treatment: Therapeutic Communities -- 3 Alcoholism -- 4 Women and Children -- 5 Innovations in Clinical Pharmacology: Narcotic Antagonists in Treatment -- 6 Innovations in Clinical Pharmacology: Laam in Treatment -- 7 General Pharmacology -- 8 Evaluation of treatment Outcome -- 9 Medical and Psychiatric Aspects.
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9781468440041
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (452p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology
    Abstract: 1 General Considerations for Evaluating and Counseling the Physically Handicapped -- The Stigma of Disability -- The Process of Adjustment to Disability -- Psychological Characteristics and Problems Commonly Associated with Disability -- Helping Relationships with the Physically Disabled -- Suggestions about Process -- Labeling, Normalization, and Mainstreaming -- Milestones -- References -- 2 Hemophilia -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Hemophilia -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 3 Diabetes Mellitus -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Diabetic Patients -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- 4 Other Genetic Disorders -- Genetic Disorders -- Phenylketonuria -- Turner’s Syndrome -- Klinefelter’s Syndrome -- Huntington’s Disease -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 5 Cerebral Palsy -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Cerebral Palsy -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 6 Epilepsy -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluation of Individuals with Epilepsy -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 7 Mental Retardation -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Mental Retardation -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 8 Spinal Cord Injury -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Spinal Cord Injury -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 9 Myelomeningocele (Spina Bifida) -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Myelomeningocele -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 10 Progressive Muscle Disorders -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluation of Patients with Progressive Muscle Disorder -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 11 Congenital Heart Defects -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Congenital Heart Defect -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 12 Coronary Heart Disease -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Coronary Heart Disease -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 13 Visual Handicaps -- Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating the Blind -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 14 Hearing Disorders -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating the Hearing-Impaired Person -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References.
    Abstract: A relationship between the disciplines of psychology and medicine is evident in writings from the beginnings of recorded history. This inter­ action was characterized in some epochs by mutual interest and support, only to be followed by periods of relative disinterest. During the past century there have been several formal attempts to acknowledge this interdependence and to revive and codify on a more permanent basis the working relationships between practitioners and scientists from both psychology and medicine. These twentieth-century waves of interest, which have also come and gone, have been identified by such names as psychosomatic medicine and rehabilitation psychology. For a variety of reasons, notably the lack of a sufficient knowledge base in either disci­ pline, the desired partnership has not come to full flower. This state of affairs seems to be changing as we enter the last two decades of the twentieth century. In the American Psychologist in September, 1980, I reviewed recent developments in psychology and in medicine and in federal and private funding patterns, which give evidence of revitalizing this partnership between these two disciplines and their relevant subspecialties. For ex­ ample, after six decades of spectacular biomedical scientific advances which have all but eradicated such life-threatening diseases as polio­ myelitis and tuberculosis, leaders in medicine, the behavioral sciences, and other segments of society reached a consensus during the 1970s that the behavior of the individual is one of today's unexplored frontiers for modern medical practice and related good health care.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 General Considerations for Evaluating and Counseling the Physically HandicappedThe Stigma of Disability -- The Process of Adjustment to Disability -- Psychological Characteristics and Problems Commonly Associated with Disability -- Helping Relationships with the Physically Disabled -- Suggestions about Process -- Labeling, Normalization, and Mainstreaming -- Milestones -- References -- 2 Hemophilia -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Hemophilia -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 3 Diabetes Mellitus -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Diabetic Patients -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- 4 Other Genetic Disorders -- Genetic Disorders -- Phenylketonuria -- Turner’s Syndrome -- Klinefelter’s Syndrome -- Huntington’s Disease -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 5 Cerebral Palsy -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Cerebral Palsy -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 6 Epilepsy -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluation of Individuals with Epilepsy -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 7 Mental Retardation -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Mental Retardation -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 8 Spinal Cord Injury -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Spinal Cord Injury -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 9 Myelomeningocele (Spina Bifida) -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Myelomeningocele -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 10 Progressive Muscle Disorders -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluation of Patients with Progressive Muscle Disorder -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 11 Congenital Heart Defects -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Congenital Heart Defect -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 12 Coronary Heart Disease -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating Persons with Coronary Heart Disease -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 13 Visual Handicaps -- Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating the Blind -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References -- 14 Hearing Disorders -- The Physical Disability -- Common Psychological Characteristics and Problems -- Evaluating the Hearing-Impaired Person -- Intervention Methods -- Trends and Needs -- Appendix: Sources of Information -- References.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468466836
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: I: Foundations -- 1. Multidimensional Contingency Tables -- 2. Guidelines for Analysis -- 3. Contingency Table Analysis: The WLS Approach -- II: Simple Applications of the WLS Approach -- 4. One Response and Two Factor Variables -- 5. Interaction Among Factor Variables -- 6. Mean Scores -- 7. Log-Linear Models -- III: Advanced Applications of the WLS Approach -- 8. Multiple Response Functions -- 9. Rank Correlation Methods -- 10. Rank Choice Analysis -- 11. Follow-Up Life Table Analysis -- 12. Selected WLS Literature -- Appendixes -- Appendix A: Matrix Notation -- Matrix Definitions -- Matrix Arithmetic -- The Inverse Matrix -- System of Linear Equations—Scalar Presentation -- System of Linear Equations—Matrix Presentation -- Summary -- Exercises -- Appendix B: The Linear Model -- Traditional Approach to ANOVA -- Linear Model Approach to ANOVA -- Coding Methods -- Testing Hypotheses -- Two-Way ANOVA -- Interaction -- Summary -- Exercises -- Appendix C: Table of Chi-Square Values -- Appendix D: The GENCAT Computer Program -- An Overview of GENCAT -- Entering the Data to GENCAT -- Left-Hand Side of the Equation -- Right-Hand Side of the Equation -- Testing Individual Hypotheses -- Summary of Major Input to GENCAT -- GENCAT Input and Output for Chapter 4 -- References.
    Abstract: The past two decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in the demand for analyses of health and public affairs program data. Governments at the federal and state levels have stimulated, if not mandated, much of this increased de­ mand and spawned numerous not-for-profit and quasi-public organizations­ research groups, lobbying organizations, consulting firms-who actively use analytic techniques. Program analysis is a broad term that encompasses activities such as pro­ gram planning and prediction, program assessment, and program evaluation. Though purposes differ and techniques vary, the common denominator for all applications is the attempt to use quantitative techniques to provide compre­ hensive and objective analyses. Program analysis in public health and public affairs shares another common feature: In many cases the data collected for these applications are categorical in nature-that is, discrete information rep­ resented by categories. Whether a defendant in a criminal trial is convicted (yes, no), the number of times a person visits a community health center in a month (0,1,2,3, ... ), how a person feels about a proposed program (agree, disagree, not sure, no opinion)-these are examples of categorical data. This book describes a multivariate categorical data analysis technique­ the weighted-least-squares (WLS) approach developed by Grizzle, Starmer, and Koch (GSK)-applied to program analysis in health and public affairs. It is written for in-service professionals who desire an introduction to applied cate­ gorical data analysis and for preservice students who are studying quantitative methods.
    Description / Table of Contents: I: Foundations1. Multidimensional Contingency Tables -- 2. Guidelines for Analysis -- 3. Contingency Table Analysis: The WLS Approach -- II: Simple Applications of the WLS Approach -- 4. One Response and Two Factor Variables -- 5. Interaction Among Factor Variables -- 6. Mean Scores -- 7. Log-Linear Models -- III: Advanced Applications of the WLS Approach -- 8. Multiple Response Functions -- 9. Rank Correlation Methods -- 10. Rank Choice Analysis -- 11. Follow-Up Life Table Analysis -- 12. Selected WLS Literature -- Appendixes -- Appendix A: Matrix Notation -- Matrix Definitions -- Matrix Arithmetic -- The Inverse Matrix -- System of Linear Equations-Scalar Presentation -- System of Linear Equations-Matrix Presentation -- Summary -- Exercises -- Appendix B: The Linear Model -- Traditional Approach to ANOVA -- Linear Model Approach to ANOVA -- Coding Methods -- Testing Hypotheses -- Two-Way ANOVA -- Interaction -- Summary -- Exercises -- Appendix C: Table of Chi-Square Values -- Appendix D: The GENCAT Computer Program -- An Overview of GENCAT -- Entering the Data to GENCAT -- Left-Hand Side of the Equation -- Right-Hand Side of the Equation -- Testing Individual Hypotheses -- Summary of Major Input to GENCAT -- GENCAT Input and Output for Chapter 4 -- References.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489932785
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p) , online resource
    Edition: Second edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Outline Studies in Biology
    DDC: 572.6
    Keywords: Life sciences ; Enzymes
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9781468438727
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Anodic Protection of Metals—A Technique Whose Time Has Come -- Many Protective Methods Are Used -- Anodic Protection Used Effectively -- Protection of Alloy Steel Important -- Strategic and Absolute Factors Bearing on Materials -- Substitute Alloys for Chromium -- Prices of Substitute Alloys Increase -- Corrosion Protection Is Necessary -- Contamination Control Important -- Ecological Considerations Are Important -- Energy-Conservation Values -- Applications and Limitations -- Limitations Can Be Anticipated -- Installation Expense Factors -- Rapid Development Anticipated -- References -- 2 Anodic Protection of Industrial Equipment -- Sulfuric Acid Applications -- Protection of Sulfuric Acid Storage Equipment -- Summary -- References -- 3 Equipment for Anodic Protection -- Characteristics of Electrodes -- Reference-Electrode Designs -- Electronic Control and Power Supplies -- Summary -- References -- 4 Design, Operation, and Maintenance of Anodic Protection Systems -- Design Requirements -- Installation and Start-up -- Location of Power Supply and Controller -- Start-up Procedures -- Operation and Maintenance Parameters -- How to Take Solution Samples -- Commercial Units Reliable -- Summary -- References -- 5 Economic Evaluation of Anodic Protection -- Known Costs of Anodic Protection -- Current Costs of Protecting Steel Tanks Against Sulfuric Acid -- Summary -- References -- 6 Principles of Anodic Protection -- Electrochemical Description of Passivity -- Characteristics of Anodic-Polarization Curves -- The Passive Metal Layer -- Proposed Mechanism of Iron Passivity -- Metal Passivity Breakdown -- References -- 7 The Potentiostat -- Potentiostat Mode -- Development of the Potentiostat -- Solid-State Potentiostats -- Commercial Electronic Potentiostats -- Portable/Field Potentiostat -- Summary Comments on Potentiostatic Mode -- The Potentiostat -- References -- 8 Laboratory Tests and Procedures -- Wiring Sequence for Potentiostatic Experiments -- Reproducibility of Potentiostatic and Potentiodynamic Anodic-Polarization Measurements -- Polarization Cells -- Elevated-Pressure Polarization Cells -- Proposed Experimental Procedure -- Experimental Procedure -- High-Temperature Polarization Cells -- Crevice Corrosion Testing Polarization Cells -- Summary -- References -- 9 Selected Examples of Anodic Protection -- Alloy Evaluation -- Alloy Effects -- Concentration Effects -- Temperature Effects -- Environmental Effects -- Preliminary Investigations Are Necessary -- Time Effects -- References -- 10 Future Uses for Anodic Protection -- A Realm of Probability -- The Sufficiently Real Possibilities -- Potentiostatic Conditioning of Electrodes -- The Electrochemical-Conditioning Concept -- References -- Appendixes -- I Electrochemical Principles of Corrosion -- Corrosion -- Electrode Terminology -- Potential Series -- Nernst Equation -- The Electrical Double Layer -- Free Energy -- Polarization Diagrams -- Electrochemical Equivalents of Metals -- Conversion Factors -- Partial Electrochemical Equivalent -- References -- II Glossary -- III Historical Development -- IV United States Patents Relating to Anodic Protection -- V Bibliography.
    Abstract: The objectives of this book are to give technical information about anodic pro­ tection, explain how economic analyses are made to determine whether or not it should be used, and describe some of the applications and equipment. Lim­ itations of the technique will be pointed out. Technological changes that have resulted in higher temperatures, pres­ sures, and velocities increase corrosion rates and markedly influence materials selection and design decisions. Continuous cycle systems impose increased demands on system reliability. New processes require more sophisticated equipment made of costlier metals which are often in short supply and subject to the vagaries of international commerce. The impact of continuing inflation influences decisions related to capital expenditures and maintenance costs. Some problems caused by these considerations can be solved, or solutions simplified, by the use of anodic protection. Technical and scientific information is presented on applications to industrial equipment, economics, design and installation, operation and maintenance, electrochemical principles, laboratory tests and procedures. A historical summary, patent list, glossary of terms, and a subject index are included. It is important to acknowledge that much of the information has been from the original work of others, including the publications of many friends.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Anodic Protection of Metals-A Technique Whose Time Has ComeMany Protective Methods Are Used -- Anodic Protection Used Effectively -- Protection of Alloy Steel Important -- Strategic and Absolute Factors Bearing on Materials -- Substitute Alloys for Chromium -- Prices of Substitute Alloys Increase -- Corrosion Protection Is Necessary -- Contamination Control Important -- Ecological Considerations Are Important -- Energy-Conservation Values -- Applications and Limitations -- Limitations Can Be Anticipated -- Installation Expense Factors -- Rapid Development Anticipated -- References -- 2 Anodic Protection of Industrial Equipment -- Sulfuric Acid Applications -- Protection of Sulfuric Acid Storage Equipment -- Summary -- References -- 3 Equipment for Anodic Protection -- Characteristics of Electrodes -- Reference-Electrode Designs -- Electronic Control and Power Supplies -- Summary -- References -- 4 Design, Operation, and Maintenance of Anodic Protection Systems -- Design Requirements -- Installation and Start-up -- Location of Power Supply and Controller -- Start-up Procedures -- Operation and Maintenance Parameters -- How to Take Solution Samples -- Commercial Units Reliable -- Summary -- References -- 5 Economic Evaluation of Anodic Protection -- Known Costs of Anodic Protection -- Current Costs of Protecting Steel Tanks Against Sulfuric Acid -- Summary -- References -- 6 Principles of Anodic Protection -- Electrochemical Description of Passivity -- Characteristics of Anodic-Polarization Curves -- The Passive Metal Layer -- Proposed Mechanism of Iron Passivity -- Metal Passivity Breakdown -- References -- 7 The Potentiostat -- Potentiostat Mode -- Development of the Potentiostat -- Solid-State Potentiostats -- Commercial Electronic Potentiostats -- Portable/Field Potentiostat -- Summary Comments on Potentiostatic Mode -- The Potentiostat -- References -- 8 Laboratory Tests and Procedures -- Wiring Sequence for Potentiostatic Experiments -- Reproducibility of Potentiostatic and Potentiodynamic Anodic-Polarization Measurements -- Polarization Cells -- Elevated-Pressure Polarization Cells -- Proposed Experimental Procedure -- Experimental Procedure -- High-Temperature Polarization Cells -- Crevice Corrosion Testing Polarization Cells -- Summary -- References -- 9 Selected Examples of Anodic Protection -- Alloy Evaluation -- Alloy Effects -- Concentration Effects -- Temperature Effects -- Environmental Effects -- Preliminary Investigations Are Necessary -- Time Effects -- References -- 10 Future Uses for Anodic Protection -- A Realm of Probability -- The Sufficiently Real Possibilities -- Potentiostatic Conditioning of Electrodes -- The Electrochemical-Conditioning Concept -- References -- Appendixes -- I Electrochemical Principles of Corrosion -- Corrosion -- Electrode Terminology -- Potential Series -- Nernst Equation -- The Electrical Double Layer -- Free Energy -- Polarization Diagrams -- Electrochemical Equivalents of Metals -- Conversion Factors -- Partial Electrochemical Equivalent -- References -- II Glossary -- III Historical Development -- IV United States Patents Relating to Anodic Protection -- V Bibliography.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9781468440164
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (382p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences
    Abstract: Prologue -- 1 Collection of Gametes in Laboratory Animals and Preparation of Sperm for in Vitro Fertilization -- Collection of Ova for in Vitro Fertilization -- Methods Presently Used for Sperm Collection -- Differences in Sperm as a Function of Collection Method -- Preparation of Ejaculated Sperm for Use in in Vitro Fertilization -- Methods Used to Induce Capacitation of Ejaculated Sperm -- References -- 2 Ovum Collection and Induced Luteal Dysfunction in Primates -- Ovum Collection -- Evaluation of Corpus Luteum function -- Induced Folliculogenesis -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 3 Analysis of Culture Media for in Vitro Fertilization and Criteria for Success -- Culture Media -- Criteria for Success -- Conclusions -- References -- 4 In Vitro Culture of the Zygote and Embryo -- General Observations on Fertilization and Early Development in Vitro -- Metabolic Requirements for Embryonic Development in Vitro -- Complex Media and Biological Fluids for Embryo Culture -- Conclusions -- References -- 5 Mechanisms of Fertilization in Mammals -- Epididymal Maturation and Capacitation of Spermatozoa -- Acrosome and Acrosome Reaction -- Hyperactivation of Spermatozoa -- Interaction of Spermatozoa with the Cumulus Oophorus -- Interaction of Spermatozoa with the Zona Pellucida -- Sperm-Egg Fusion -- Decondensation of the Sperm Nucleus and Development of Sperm and Egg Pronuclei -- Conclusions -- References -- 6 The Mammalian Egg’s Block to Polyspermy -- Zona Reaction -- Zona Reaction Mechanisms -- Egg Plasma Membrane Block -- Block to Polyspermy Mechanisms -- Conclusions -- References -- 7 Gamete Interaction in the Sea Urchin A Model for Understanding the Molecular Details of Animal Fertilization -- Fertilization in the Sea Urchin -- The Plasma Membrane of Sea Urchin Sperm -- Sperm-Specific Surface Antigenicity Common to Seven Animal Phyla -- Isolation of Acrosome Granules and Identification of Bindin as the Major Component Involved in Sperm Adhesion -- Identification of a Bindin Receptor Glycoprotein from the Egg Vitelline Layer -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Awakening of the Invertebrate Egg at Fertilization -- Sperm-Egg Fusion and the Rapid Block to Polyspermy -- Insertion and Localization of Sperm Components in the Egg -- The Cortical Reaction and Extracellular Peroxidative Reactions -- Activation of Egg Metabolism -- Conclusions -- References -- 9 Chromosome Aberrations and Mammalian Reproduction -- The Newborn -- Postimplantation Embryos -- Preimplantation Embryos -- Germ Cells -- Conclusions -- References -- 10 The Effects of Chromosomal Aneuploidy on Early Development Experimental Approaches -- Products of Aneuploid Mouse Embryos -- The Consequences of Monosomy -- Identical Twin Embryos -- Conclusions -- References -- 11 Blastocyst Fluid Formation -- Na+/ K+ ATPase and Blastocyst Fluid Accumulation -- Oxygen Consumption and Active Transport -- Developmental Aspects of Solute Transport in Blastocysts -- Conclusions -- References -- 12 Water and Electrolyte Transport by Pig Chorioallantois -- Porcine Allantoic Fluid Volume and Composition -- Effect of Lactogenic Hormones on Transport Properties of the Porcine Chorioallantoic Membrane -- Effect of Bromocryptine on Allantoic Fluid Volume and Electrolyte Composition at Day 30 of Gestation -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 13 Critical Review of Embryo Transfer Procedures with Cattle -- Normalcy of Superovulated Ova -- A Note on Experimental Design -- Morphological Evaluation of Embryos -- Morphological Normalcy of Superovulated Ova with Time -- In Vitro Culture of Bovine Embryos -- Stage of the Estrous Cycle to Initiate Superovulation -- Regimens for Inseminating Superovulated Cows -- Side of Transfer -- Stage of Embryonic Development and Surgical Transfer -- Donor-Recipient Estrous Cycle Synchrony -- Factors Affecting Pregnancy Rates after Nonsurgical Transfer -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Epilogue.
    Description / Table of Contents: Prologue1 Collection of Gametes in Laboratory Animals and Preparation of Sperm for in Vitro Fertilization -- Collection of Ova for in Vitro Fertilization -- Methods Presently Used for Sperm Collection -- Differences in Sperm as a Function of Collection Method -- Preparation of Ejaculated Sperm for Use in in Vitro Fertilization -- Methods Used to Induce Capacitation of Ejaculated Sperm -- References -- 2 Ovum Collection and Induced Luteal Dysfunction in Primates -- Ovum Collection -- Evaluation of Corpus Luteum function -- Induced Folliculogenesis -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 3 Analysis of Culture Media for in Vitro Fertilization and Criteria for Success -- Culture Media -- Criteria for Success -- Conclusions -- References -- 4 In Vitro Culture of the Zygote and Embryo -- General Observations on Fertilization and Early Development in Vitro -- Metabolic Requirements for Embryonic Development in Vitro -- Complex Media and Biological Fluids for Embryo Culture -- Conclusions -- References -- 5 Mechanisms of Fertilization in Mammals -- Epididymal Maturation and Capacitation of Spermatozoa -- Acrosome and Acrosome Reaction -- Hyperactivation of Spermatozoa -- Interaction of Spermatozoa with the Cumulus Oophorus -- Interaction of Spermatozoa with the Zona Pellucida -- Sperm-Egg Fusion -- Decondensation of the Sperm Nucleus and Development of Sperm and Egg Pronuclei -- Conclusions -- References -- 6 The Mammalian Egg’s Block to Polyspermy -- Zona Reaction -- Zona Reaction Mechanisms -- Egg Plasma Membrane Block -- Block to Polyspermy Mechanisms -- Conclusions -- References -- 7 Gamete Interaction in the Sea Urchin A Model for Understanding the Molecular Details of Animal Fertilization -- Fertilization in the Sea Urchin -- The Plasma Membrane of Sea Urchin Sperm -- Sperm-Specific Surface Antigenicity Common to Seven Animal Phyla -- Isolation of Acrosome Granules and Identification of Bindin as the Major Component Involved in Sperm Adhesion -- Identification of a Bindin Receptor Glycoprotein from the Egg Vitelline Layer -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Awakening of the Invertebrate Egg at Fertilization -- Sperm-Egg Fusion and the Rapid Block to Polyspermy -- Insertion and Localization of Sperm Components in the Egg -- The Cortical Reaction and Extracellular Peroxidative Reactions -- Activation of Egg Metabolism -- Conclusions -- References -- 9 Chromosome Aberrations and Mammalian Reproduction -- The Newborn -- Postimplantation Embryos -- Preimplantation Embryos -- Germ Cells -- Conclusions -- References -- 10 The Effects of Chromosomal Aneuploidy on Early Development Experimental Approaches -- Products of Aneuploid Mouse Embryos -- The Consequences of Monosomy -- Identical Twin Embryos -- Conclusions -- References -- 11 Blastocyst Fluid Formation -- Na+/ K+ ATPase and Blastocyst Fluid Accumulation -- Oxygen Consumption and Active Transport -- Developmental Aspects of Solute Transport in Blastocysts -- Conclusions -- References -- 12 Water and Electrolyte Transport by Pig Chorioallantois -- Porcine Allantoic Fluid Volume and Composition -- Effect of Lactogenic Hormones on Transport Properties of the Porcine Chorioallantoic Membrane -- Effect of Bromocryptine on Allantoic Fluid Volume and Electrolyte Composition at Day 30 of Gestation -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 13 Critical Review of Embryo Transfer Procedures with Cattle -- Normalcy of Superovulated Ova -- A Note on Experimental Design -- Morphological Evaluation of Embryos -- Morphological Normalcy of Superovulated Ova with Time -- In Vitro Culture of Bovine Embryos -- Stage of the Estrous Cycle to Initiate Superovulation -- Regimens for Inseminating Superovulated Cows -- Side of Transfer -- Stage of Embryonic Development and Surgical Transfer -- Donor-Recipient Estrous Cycle Synchrony -- Factors Affecting Pregnancy Rates after Nonsurgical Transfer -- Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Epilogue.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9781468410570
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1 / Man Apart? -- 2 / Poetry and Plutonium -- 3 / Humanistic Expressions of Cycles in Nature -- 4 / Reactions to the Primordial Bond Expressed in the Humanities -- 5 / Ancient Greek Natural Philosophy: The Bridge to Science -- 6 / What is Science? -- 7 / The Global Cycles of Life -- 8 / Human Disruptions of the Global Cycles of Life -- 9 / The Social Tithe -- Reference Notes.
    Abstract: Does the solution to our energy crisis depend upon the de­ velopment of coal, nuclear, solar, or some other energy source? Are we better off because science and technology have made us less vulnerable to natural catastrophes? How, in fact, do we see ourselves now in relation to our natural world? The answers to these questions lie as much within the humanities as in the sciences. Problems as seemingly unrelated as our vulnerability to OPEC oil price hikes or a smog alert in Los Angeles or Tokyo often have common, hidden causes. One of these causes is simply the way our society sees its place in nature. There are many reasons for the heavy demand for oil. Among these we vii viii I PREFACE can include desire for industrial growth, hopes for improved living standards, mobility through automobiles and rapid transportation systems, and, not least, an attempt to loosen the constraints on man imposed by nature. These constraints and man's concomitant dependence upon nature are exam­ ples of the intense and finely interwoven relationship be­ tween man and nature, a relationship that constitutes a pri­ mordial bond forged long before the era of modem technology. Similarly, man has explored this primordial bond through the humanities for all the centuries prior to our present techno­ logical age. As we will see in this exploration, the bond un­ derlies many of the environmental and technological prob­ lems we have come to label the ecological crisis.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 / Man Apart?2 / Poetry and Plutonium -- 3 / Humanistic Expressions of Cycles in Nature -- 4 / Reactions to the Primordial Bond Expressed in the Humanities -- 5 / Ancient Greek Natural Philosophy: The Bridge to Science -- 6 / What is Science? -- 7 / The Global Cycles of Life -- 8 / Human Disruptions of the Global Cycles of Life -- 9 / The Social Tithe -- Reference Notes.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461333890
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Wheels and tyres -- 2 Springs -- 3 Suspension principles -- 4 Suspension geometry -- 5 Conventional systems -- 6 Road-holding -- 7 Dampers -- 8 Pneumatic suspensions -- 9 Hydropneumatic suspensions -- 10 Interconnected and no-roll suspensions -- 11 A small FWD saloon car: Ford Fiesta S -- 12 A high-performance sports car: Porsche 928.
    Abstract: This book is an introduction to the elementary technology of automobile suspensions. Inevitably steering geometry must be included in the text, since the dynamic steering behaviour, road-holding and cornering behaviour are all influenced by the suspension design. Steering mechanisms and steering components are not covered in this book. This is not a mathematical treatise, but only a fool or a genius would attempt to design a motor vehicle without mathematics. The mathematics used in this book should present no problem to a first-year university student. SI units have been used in general, but for the benefit of those not familiar with them we have included in brackets, in many cases, the equivalent values in Imperial units. Many engineers regard the Pascal as an impractical unit of pressure. The author has therefore expressed pressures in bars (1 bar = 105Pa). A deviation from SI units is the use of degrees and minutes, instead of radians, to express camber, castor, roll angles, etc. This is still common practice in the motor industry. No attempt has been made to make any stress calculations on suspension components. The automobile engineering student will have access to other textbooks on such subjects as strength of materials and theory of structures.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Wheels and tyres2 Springs -- 3 Suspension principles -- 4 Suspension geometry -- 5 Conventional systems -- 6 Road-holding -- 7 Dampers -- 8 Pneumatic suspensions -- 9 Hydropneumatic suspensions -- 10 Interconnected and no-roll suspensions -- 11 A small FWD saloon car: Ford Fiesta S -- 12 A high-performance sports car: Porsche 928.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461308812
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: Introductory RemarksI. What is Extracellular Matrix? -- 1 Collagen -- 2 Proteoglycans -- 3 Elastin -- 4 Fibronectin and Other Structural Proteins -- II. How Do Cells Produce the Matrix? -- 5 Proteoglycan Biosynthesis -- 6 Collagen Biosynthesis -- 7 Matrix Assembly -- 8 An Essay on Biological Degradation of Collagen -- III. What Does Matrix Do for Cells? -- 9 Glycosaminoglycans in Morphogenesis -- 10 Fibronectin and Its Relation to Cellular Structure and Behavior -- 11 The Glomerular Basement Membrane: A Selective Macromolecular Filter -- 12 Collagen and Embryonic Development.
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9781468441185
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; History, Modern.
    Abstract: 1 Learning the Rational Use of Technology in Medicine -- 2 Impact of Technology on Medical Practice -- 3 Impact of Technology on Medical Education -- 4 Impact of Technology on Community Hospitals and Their Patients -- 5 Adaptation to Medical Technology—Shaping the Future -- 6 Meeting the Challenge — Summary & Formulation -- References -- Background Literature.
    Abstract: This volume contains the edited proceedings of a Totts Gap Colloquium held June 15 to 17, 1980 at Totts Gap Medical Research Laboratories in Bangor, Pennsylvania under the sponsorship of three neighboring community hospitals in the Lehigh Valley; St. Luke's Hospital of Bethlehem, Easton Hospital of Easton and Muhlenberg Medical Center of Bethlehem. The objective of the meeting was to examine from several points of view the impact of rapidly proliferating technology on medical education, practice and research, on hospitals and on the community at large. The participants were selected not only for their diversity of experience and point of view, but also for ability to listen as well as to speak. They were asked to examine, in an informal analytical dialogue, the effects on the quality and cost of health care and health education brought about by increasing reliance on medical technology. A further aim was to explore various strategies through which might be devised an affordable way to benefit fully from technological advances without compromising human initiative or diminishing emphasis on clinical judgment and effective communication between doctor and patient. The participants included a medical student, seasoned practitioners and medical educators, young specialists, researchers, administrators and members of boards of trustees of community hospitals and laymen as follows: Dr. Robert Ackerman, Associate Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School and Director of the Carotid Evaluation and Cerebral Blood Flow Laboratories at Massachusetts General Hospital. Dr. Paul B.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Learning the Rational Use of Technology in Medicine2 Impact of Technology on Medical Practice -- 3 Impact of Technology on Medical Education -- 4 Impact of Technology on Community Hospitals and Their Patients -- 5 Adaptation to Medical Technology-Shaping the Future -- 6 Meeting the Challenge - Summary & Formulation -- References -- Background Literature.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468466867
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Games -- Anyone for Twopins? -- Pretzel Solitaire as a Pastime for the Lonely Mathematician -- Some Remarks about a Hex Problem -- A Kriegspiel Endgame -- Mental Poker -- Cheap, Middling, or Dear -- A Random Hopscotch Problem, or How to Make Johnny Read More -- Geometry -- Wreaths of Tangent Circles -- Bicycle Tubes Inside Out -- Flexing Surfaces -- Planting Trees -- Slicing It Thin -- How Did Pappus Do It? -- Two-Dimensional Tiling -- Fault-Free Tilings of Rectangles -- Disections Into Equilateral Triangles -- In Praise of Amateurs -- Some Problems on Plane Tiling -- Angels and Devils -- Three-Dimensional Tiling -- Packing Problems and Inequalities -- Can Cubes Avoid Meeting Face to Face? -- Packing Handed Pentacubes -- My Life Among the Polyominoes -- Fun and Problems -- Disappearances -- Noneuclidean Harmony -- Magic Cuboctahedrons -- Games, Graphs, and Galleries -- Probing the Rotating Table -- Numbers and Coding Theory -- Supernatural Numbers -- The Graph Theorists Who Count—and What They Count -- Error-Correcting Codes and Cryptography.
    Abstract: -~- T he articles in this book are dedicated to Martin Gardner, the world's greatest expositor and popularizer of mathematics. While our papers are confined to this single subject, Gardner's interests and accomplishments have a wide range of subjects. Hence, we have entitled the book the Mathematical Gardner, and would like to see other volumes such as the Magical, the Literary, the Philosophical, or the Scientific Gardner accompany it. Of course, our title is also an appropriate pun, for Martin Gardner's relationship to the mathematical community is similar to a gardener's relationship to a beautiful flower garden. The contributors to this volume comprise only a small part of a large body of mathematicians whose work has been nurtured by its exposition in "Mathematical Games"; Martin's column which appears every month in Scientific American. More than just a mathematical journalist, Martin connects his readers by passing along problems and information and stimulating creative activity. Thus, he is a force behind the scenes as well as a public figure. Two people were particularly helpful in putting this book together.
    Description / Table of Contents: GamesAnyone for Twopins? -- Pretzel Solitaire as a Pastime for the Lonely Mathematician -- Some Remarks about a Hex Problem -- A Kriegspiel Endgame -- Mental Poker -- Cheap, Middling, or Dear -- A Random Hopscotch Problem, or How to Make Johnny Read More -- Geometry -- Wreaths of Tangent Circles -- Bicycle Tubes Inside Out -- Flexing Surfaces -- Planting Trees -- Slicing It Thin -- How Did Pappus Do It? -- Two-Dimensional Tiling -- Fault-Free Tilings of Rectangles -- Disections Into Equilateral Triangles -- In Praise of Amateurs -- Some Problems on Plane Tiling -- Angels and Devils -- Three-Dimensional Tiling -- Packing Problems and Inequalities -- Can Cubes Avoid Meeting Face to Face? -- Packing Handed Pentacubes -- My Life Among the Polyominoes -- Fun and Problems -- Disappearances -- Noneuclidean Harmony -- Magic Cuboctahedrons -- Games, Graphs, and Galleries -- Probing the Rotating Table -- Numbers and Coding Theory -- Supernatural Numbers -- The Graph Theorists Who Count-and What They Count -- Error-Correcting Codes and Cryptography.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781475703313
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Functional Biology — What is It ? -- 1.2 The Invertebrates -- 1.3 The Hiysiological Approach -- 1.4 Physiology and Fitness -- 1.5 The Last Word on Genetics -- 2. Acquisition -- 2.1 Why Feed? -- 2.2 What is Eaten and How? -- 2.3 Detailed Consideration of What Should Be Eaten -- 2.4 How Much to Eat -- 2.5 Gut Form and Function -- 2.6 Digestibility -- 2.7 Movement of Food Through the Gut -- 2.8 Control -- 3. Respiration -- 3.1 Molecular Basis -- 3.2 Oxygen Availability and Uptake -- 3.3 Levels of Metabolism -- 3.4 Routine Metabolism and the Effect of Body Size -- 3.5 Metabolism Associated with Feeding -- 3.6 Active Metabolism -- 3.7 Effect of Temperature -- 4. Excretion -- 4.1 What is It? -- 4.2 The ‘Excretory System’ -- 4.3 Energy Costs and Benefits -- 4.4 Secretions -- 5. Growth -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Metabolic Basis -- 5.3 Distribution of limited and Unlimited Growth -- 5.4 Cellular Basis -- 5.5 Adaptational Aspects -- 5.6 On When to Stop Growing -- 5.7 Storage as a Special Kind of Growth -- 5.8 Allometric Growth -- 5.9 On Growth and Ageing -- 5.10 On Degrowth and Rejuvenation -- 6. Reproduction -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Sexual Gamete Production, Fertilisation and Early Development -- 63 Marine Life-cycles and the Trade-off Between Egg Size and Numbers -- 6.4 Eggs of Terrestrial and Freshwater Invertebrates -- 6.5 The Complex Insect Life-cycle -- 6.6 The Cost of Reproduction For Parental Survival (Iteroparity v. Semelparity) -- 6.7 Reproduction Without Sex -- 7. Integration -- 7.1 Why the Holistic Approach is Important -- 7.2 The Energy Budget as an Integrating Equation -- 7.3 Scope for Growth in Mytilus -- 7.4 Integration Under Temperature Stress -- 7.5 Integration Under Food Stress -- 7.6 Modelling Metabolism -- References -- Glossary of Symbols -- Index of Organisms.
    Abstract: Courses on the invertebrates have two principal aims: (1) to introduce students to the diversity of animal life and (2) to make them aware that organisms are marvellously integrated systems with evolutionary pasts and ecological presents. This text is concerned exclusively with the second aim and assumes that the reader will already know something about the diversity and classification of invertebrates. Concepts of whole-organism function, metabolism and adaptation form the core of the subject-matter and this is also considered in an ecological setting. Hence, the approach is multi-disciplinary, drawing from principles normally restricted to comparative morphology and physiology ,ecology and evolutionary biology. Invertebrate courses, as with all others in a science curriculum, also have another aim - to make students aware of the general methods of science. And these I take to be associated with the so-called hypothetico­ deductive programme. Here, therefore, I make a conscious effort to formulate simple, some might say naive, hypotheses and to confront them with quantitative data from the real world. There are, for example, as many graphs in the book as illustrations of animals. My aim, though, has not been to test out the principles of Darwinism, but rather to sharpen our focus on physiological adaptations, given the assumption that Darwinism is approximately correct. Whether or not I succeed remains for the reader to decide.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction1.1 Functional Biology - What is It ? -- 1.2 The Invertebrates -- 1.3 The Hiysiological Approach -- 1.4 Physiology and Fitness -- 1.5 The Last Word on Genetics -- 2. Acquisition -- 2.1 Why Feed? -- 2.2 What is Eaten and How? -- 2.3 Detailed Consideration of What Should Be Eaten -- 2.4 How Much to Eat -- 2.5 Gut Form and Function -- 2.6 Digestibility -- 2.7 Movement of Food Through the Gut -- 2.8 Control -- 3. Respiration -- 3.1 Molecular Basis -- 3.2 Oxygen Availability and Uptake -- 3.3 Levels of Metabolism -- 3.4 Routine Metabolism and the Effect of Body Size -- 3.5 Metabolism Associated with Feeding -- 3.6 Active Metabolism -- 3.7 Effect of Temperature -- 4. Excretion -- 4.1 What is It? -- 4.2 The ‘Excretory System’ -- 4.3 Energy Costs and Benefits -- 4.4 Secretions -- 5. Growth -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Metabolic Basis -- 5.3 Distribution of limited and Unlimited Growth -- 5.4 Cellular Basis -- 5.5 Adaptational Aspects -- 5.6 On When to Stop Growing -- 5.7 Storage as a Special Kind of Growth -- 5.8 Allometric Growth -- 5.9 On Growth and Ageing -- 5.10 On Degrowth and Rejuvenation -- 6. Reproduction -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Sexual Gamete Production, Fertilisation and Early Development -- 63 Marine Life-cycles and the Trade-off Between Egg Size and Numbers -- 6.4 Eggs of Terrestrial and Freshwater Invertebrates -- 6.5 The Complex Insect Life-cycle -- 6.6 The Cost of Reproduction For Parental Survival (Iteroparity v. Semelparity) -- 6.7 Reproduction Without Sex -- 7. Integration -- 7.1 Why the Holistic Approach is Important -- 7.2 The Energy Budget as an Integrating Equation -- 7.3 Scope for Growth in Mytilus -- 7.4 Integration Under Temperature Stress -- 7.5 Integration Under Food Stress -- 7.6 Modelling Metabolism -- References -- Glossary of Symbols -- Index of Organisms.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461331957
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 503 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Aesthetics
    Abstract: 1. “My First Interest Is Interest”: Berlyne as an Exemplar of the Curiosity Drive -- 2. Berlyne’s Theory: A Metascientific Study -- 3. The Quest for the Inverted U -- 4. Environmental Restriction and “Stimulus Hunger”: Theories and Applications -- 5. Explorations of Exploration -- 6. Arousal, Intrinsic Motivation, and Personality -- 7. Subjective Uncertainty and Task Preference -- 8. Experiential Roots of Intention, Initiative, and Trust -- 9. A Theory Deriving Preference from Conflict -- 10. Play: A Ludic Behavior -- 11. Toward a Taxonomy and Conceptual Model of Play -- 12. Intrinsic Motivation and Health -- 13. The Psychological Aesthetics of Narrative Forms -- 14. A Conceptual Analysis of Exploratory Behavior: The “Specific-Diversive” Distinction Revisited -- 15. Ambiguity, Complexity, and Preference for Works of Art -- 16. About the Role of Visual Exploration in Aesthetics -- 17. Bases of Transcultural Agreement in Response to Art -- 18. Information Theory and Melodic Perception: In Search of the Aesthetic Engram -- 19. Toward an Integrated Theory of Aesthetic Perception in the Visual Arts -- 20. Recent Developments in Experimental Aesthetics: A Summary of Berlyne Laboratory Research Activities, 1974–1977.
    Abstract: It has been both a pleasure and an honor to edit this book. The pleasure has been in interacting with the gifted authors who wrote the chapters for this volume and the honor has been in knowing that the book is dedicated to a great man and a brilliant psychologist-Daniel E. Berlyne. All the contributors to this book have been touched, at some time, by Dan Berlyne and his ideas. Whether as his teachers, his colleages, his peers, his students, or his friends and arguing partners, we have all felt his presence and been improved by it. The list of contributors to this volume is large and could have been much larger, for a number of people, in fact, contacted me for the oppor­ tunity to contribute when they heard about the purpose of this book. It is also an international list, for Dan Berlyne's contacts were international. The diversity in content and style is also intentional. The authors were invited to contribute an original paper in the field in which they are presently engaged, whether theoretical or a report of empirical work, and to indicate the contribution that Dan Berlyne had made to their work. As the reader will note, contributions range from personal and contact in a laboratory to ideas that elicit controversy, argument, and intensive re­ search. Daniel Ellis Berlyne was born in Selford, England, a suburb of Man­ chester,in 1924, and died in Toronto, Canada, on November 2, 1976.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461591917
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Political science.
    Abstract: 1 Small Groups in Political Science: Perspectives on Significance and Stuckness -- Four Basic Small-Group Orientations: Tracing the Literature’s Major Themes -- Some Small-Group Dimensions: Toward Differentiating the Species -- Four Cases of Small Groups in Politics: Dynamics/Dimensions as Emergent/Contrived -- Overview of Significance and Stuckness: The Condition of Small-Group Analysis Today -- References -- 2 Government Learning: An Overview -- Defining Learning -- Normative Issues -- Trends -- Motivation and Cognition—Individual Bases -- Organizational Structure and Dynamics -- The Washington Political Environment -- Societal, World, and Historical Contexts -- Problem Types -- Diagnostic Repertoires -- Concluding Reflections -- References -- 3 Political Violence: A Critical Evaluation -- Frequency of Conflict -- Dimensions of Conflict -- Hypotheses About Violence -- Summary -- References -- 4 Rationality and Collective-Choice Theory -- Rationality -- Individual and Collective Choice -- Axiomatic-Choice Theory -- Economic Theories of Politics—Spatial Models -- Game Theory -- Collective Goods -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Political Symbolism -- Sources of the Research Focus -- A Survey of Applications of Symbolic Theory -- Conclusion -- References.
    Abstract: In the writing of prefaces for works of this sort, most editors report being faced with similar challenges and have much in common in relating how these challenges are met. They acknowledge that their paramount ob­ jective is to provide more than an overview of topics but rather to offer selective critical reviews that will serve to advance theory and research in the particular area reviewed. The question of the appropriate audience to be addressed is usually answered by directing material to a potential audience of social scientists, graduate students, and, occasionally, ad­ vanced undergraduate students. Editors who are confronted with the problem of structuring their material often explore various means by which their social science discipline might be subdivided, then generally conclude that no particular classification strategy is superior. In elabo­ rating on the process by which the enterprise was initiated, editors typ­ ically resort to a panel of luminaries, who provide independent support for the idea and then offer both suggestions for topics and the authors who will write them. Editors usually concede that chapter topics and content do not reflect their original conception but are a compromise between their wishes and the authors' expertise and capabilities. Editors report that inevitable delays occur, authors drop out of projects and are replaced, and new topics are introduced. Finally, editors frequently con­ fess that the final product is incomplete, with gaps occurring because of failed commitments by authors or because authors could not be secured to write certain chapters.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489930637
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 678 p) , online resource
    Edition: Third Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Powder Technology Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Engineering ; Surfaces (Physics) ; Control engineering. ; Measurement. ; Measuring instruments. ; Materials
    Abstract: Sampling of powders -- Sampling of dusty gases in gas streams -- Sampling and sizing from the atmosphere -- Particle size, shape and distribution -- Sieving -- Microscopy -- Interaction between particles and fluids in a gravitational field -- Dispersion of powders -- Incremental methods of sedimentation size analysis -- Cumulative methods of sedimentation size analysis -- Fluid classification -- Centrifugal methods -- The electrical sensing zone method of particle size distribution determination (the Coulter principle) -- Radiation scattering methods of particle size determination -- Permeametry and gas diffusion -- Gas adsorption -- Other methods for determining surface area -- Determination of pore size distribution by gas adsorption -- Mercury porosimetry -- On-line particle size analysis.
    Abstract: Although man's environment, from the interstellar dust to the earth beneath his feet, is composed to a large extent of finely divided material, his knowledge of the propert­ ies of such materials is surprisingly slight. For many years the scientist has accepted that matter may exist as solids, liquids or gases although the dividing line between the states may often be rather blurred; this classification has been upset by powders, which at rest are solids, when aerated may behave as liquids, and when suspended in gases take on some of the properties of gases. It is now widely recognized that powder technology is a field of study in its own right. The industrial applications of this new science are far reaching. The size of fine particles affects the properties of a powder in many important ways. For example, it determines the setting time of cement, the hiding power of pigments and the activity of chemical catalysts; the taste of food, the potency of drugs and the sintering shrink­ age of metallurgical powders are also strongly affected by the size of the particles of which the powder is made up. Particle size measurement is to powder technology as thermometry is to the study of heat and is in the same state of flux as thermometry was in its early days. Only in the case of a sphere can the size of a particle be completely described by one number.
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