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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (150)
  • 2015-2019  (150)
  • 2017  (150)
  • OECD  (150)
  • Agriculture and Food  (83)
  • Finance and Investment  (67)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Making the Slovak Republic a more resource efficient economy : country study (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment policy paper no. 07 (December 2017)
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.7
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Slovak Republic ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The Slovak Republic is a country with a limited natural resource base, an important manufacturing sector and rising materials consumption. Coherent polices that aim at increasing resource efficiency and achieving green growth are vital for sustainable growth and increased prosperity. This paper identifies a number of options for improving resource efficiency in the Slovak Republic.
    DOI: 10.1787/2d5c00e7-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sustaining Iceland's fisheries through tradeable quotas : country study (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 17 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment policy paper no. 09 (December 2017)
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.9
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Iceland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper analyses the reform undertaken by Iceland to avert a looming crisis and restore fish stocks to sustainable levels. The paper outlines the process involved in designing and implementing this reform. It also reflects on the challenges encountered and the environmental, economic and social impacts of the reform. It concludes by discussing some wider lessons learned for other governments seeking to tackle similar environmental problems. This country study draws on the 2017 OECD report The Political Economy of Biodiversity Policy Reform.
    DOI: 10.1787/46f8d776-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of Agricultural Policy Reforms in the European Union : The Common Agricultural Policy 2014-20 (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264278783
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Evaluation of agricultural policy reforms in the European Union
    Keywords: EU-Agrarpolitik ; Wirkungsanalyse ; EU-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; European Union
    Abstract: The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is the primary agricultural policy instrument of the European Union. This report focuses on the new features and institutional context of the current CAP 2014-20, adopted by the European Parliament and the European Council in December 2013. Special attention is given to risk management instruments and environmental measures. The conclusions drawn in this report seek to inform future reforms of the CAP.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264278783-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Groundwater Allocation : Managing Growing Pressures on Quantity and Quality (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264281554 , 9789264284296
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Groundwater allocation
    Keywords: Grundwasser ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Grundwasser
    Abstract: Groundwater allocation determines who is able to use groundwater resources, how, when and where. It directly affects the value (economic, ecological, socio-cultural) that individuals and society obtain from groundwater, today and in the future. Building on the 2015 OECD publication Water Resources Allocation: Sharing Risks and Opportunities, this report focuses on groundwater and how its allocation can be improved in terms of economic efficiency, environmental effectiveness and social equity. Drawing on an analysis of groundwater’s distinctive features and nine case studies of groundwater allocation in a range of countries, the report provides practical policy guidance for groundwater allocation in the form of a "health check". This health check can be used to assess the performance of current arrangements and manage the transition towards improved allocation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264281554-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Water Charges in Brazil : The Ways Forward (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264285712
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Water charges in Brazil
    Keywords: Wasserpreis ; Wassermarkt ; Wassermangel ; Wasserpolitik ; Brasilien ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Brazil ; Brasilien ; Wasserversorgung
    Abstract: This report examines the current system of water abstraction and pollution charges in operation in Brazil. It assesses the current system’s implementation challenges and provides possible solutions. The report explores how water charges can be both an effective means for dealing with water security issues, and a tool for enhancing economic growth and social welfare. Specific analysis is put forward for three case studies in the State of Rio de Janiero, the Paraiba do Sul River Basin and the Piancó-Piranhas-Açu River Basin. The report highlights that water charges need to operate in conjunction with an effective water regulatory regime and concludes with an Action Plan based on practical steps and recommendations for its implementation in the short, medium and long-term.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264285712-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    PISA 2015 Results (Volume IV) : Students' Financial Literacy (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264270282
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: PISA
    Keywords: Education ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) examines not just what students know in science, reading and mathematics, but what they can do with what they know. Results from PISA show educators and policy makers the quality and equity of learning outcomes achieved elsewhere, and allow them to learn from the policies and practices applied in other countries. PISA 2015 Results (Volume IV): Students’ Financial Literacy, is one of five volumes that present the results of the PISA 2015 survey, the sixth round of the triennial assessment. It explores students’ experience with and knowledge about money and provides an overall picture of 15-year-olds’ ability to apply their accumulated knowledge and skills to real-life situations involving financial issues and decisions. Over the past decades, developed and emerging countries and economies have become increasingly concerned about the level of financial literacy of their citizens, particularly among young people. This initially stemmed from concern about the potential impact of shrinking public and private welfare systems, shifting demographics, including the ageing of the population in many countries, and the increased sophistication and expansion of financial services. Many young people face financial decisions and are consumers of financial services in this evolving context. As a result, financial literacy is now globally recognised as an essential life skill.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264270282-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Investment Policy Reviews: Lao PDR (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264276055
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (268 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Investment Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD investment policy reviews
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Investitionspolitik ; Laos ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Lao People's Democratic Republic
    Abstract: This first OECD Investment Policy Review of Lao PDR uses the OECD Policy Framework for Investment to assess the investment climate in Lao PDR and discusses the challenges and opportunities faced by the Government of Lao PDR in its reform efforts. It includes chapters on trends in foreign investment and trade, the legal framework for investment, regulatory restrictions on foreign investment, corporate governance, investment promotion and facilitation, promoting and enabling responsible business conduct, infrastructure connectivity and the investment framework for green growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264276055-en
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms in the Environment, Volume 7 : OECD Consensus Documents (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264279728
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (244 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Safety assessment of transgenic organisms in the environment ; Volume 7
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Volume 7 of the Series compiles the OECD consensus documents for use in environmental risk assessment of transgenic organisms (biosafety) issued in 2016 and 2017. The first two chapters cover the biology of plant species (sorghum and tomato) and include elements of taxonomy, centres of origin, reproductive biology, genetics, outcrossing, crop production and cultivation practices, interactions with other organisms, main pests and pathogens, and biotechnological developments. The third chapter relates to Atlantic salmon, the first OECD biosafety publication to address an animal species. It describes the biology and ecology of wild salmon (including classification, life stages, reproduction, centres of origin, geographical distribution, population dynamics, interaction with other organisms) and of the farmed form (domestication, aquaculture rearing practices, biocontainment, interactions with the external environment). It also provides elements of genetics, research on genetically engineered salmon and resources for its risk assessment.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264279728-en
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Adopter une approche territoriale dans les politiques de sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264272439
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (172 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Adopting a Territorial Approach to Food Security and Nutrition Policy
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development
    Abstract: La sécurité alimentaire et la nutrition sont des préoccupations majeures au niveau international, en particulier dans les zones rurales. Ces sujets ont attiré beaucoup d’attention ainsi que de nombreux investissements, toutefois, les résultats ont jusqu’à présent été mitigés. Dans certains pays les moyennes nationales ont progressé, mais pour autant, de nombreux citoyens souffrent toujours d’insécurité alimentaire, ces derniers sont souvent concentrés géographiquement. L’insécurité alimentaire et la pauvreté sont fortement liées et ont une forte dimension territoriale. Afin de résoudre ces problèmes durablement, les réponses en termes de politiques publiques doivent être adaptées aux défis de chaque territoire en adaptant une approche multidimensionnelle qui prenne en compte la disponibilité d’aliments, leur accessibilité, leur utilisation et stabilité. Ce rapport, sur la base de cinq études de cas ainsi que du Nouveau Paradigme Rural de l’OCDE, propose une démarche effective pour lutter contre l’insécurité alimentaire et la malnutrition.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264272439-fr
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reforming agricultural subsidies to support biodiversity in Switzerland : country study (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment policy paper no. 08 (December 2017)
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.8
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Switzerland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper analyses the reform of Switzerland’s agricultural policy framework, which reoriented subsidies to better target policy objectives, including for biodiversity. The paper outline the process involved in designing and implementing the reform as well as its environmental and socio-economic impacts. It also highlights the challenges encountered and concludes by discussing the wider lessons for other governments seeking to tackle similar challenges. The country study draws on the 2017 OECD report The Political Economy of Biodiversity Policy Reform.
    DOI: 10.1787/53c0e549-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 11
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    Améliorer l'efficacité énergétique dans la chaîne agroalimentaire (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264287761
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: tudes de l'OCDE sur la croissance verte
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur la croissance verte
    Keywords: Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Pour diverses raisons, la consommation d'énergie dans le secteur agroalimentaire continue d'augmenter et, dans de nombreux pays, dépend fortement des combustibles fossiles, contribuant ainsi de manière significative aux émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Il devient donc urgent d'examiner comment la chaîne d'approvisionnement alimentaire peut améliorer son efficacité énergétique. Ce rapport analyse les moyens d'améliorer l’efficacité d’utilisation de l’énergie dans le secteur agro-alimentaire, aussi bien pour les producteurs que pour les consommateurs, et propose un ensemble de recommandations d’action que les pouvoirs publics peuvent mettre en œuvre pour atteindre les objectifs de croissance verte et parvenir au développement durable.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264287761-fr
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  • 12
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    Online Resource
    Cobranças pelo uso de recursos hídricos no Brasil : Caminhos a seguir (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264288423
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Brazil
    Abstract: O relatório tem como principal foco a cobrança pelo uso de recursos hídricos no Brasil. Avalia o seu estado atual e os desafios de implementação. Proporciona orientações para o avanço da implementação da cobrança no País como instrumento econômico e financeiro de gestão, visando prevenir e responder a situações de conflito pelo uso da água e de poluição, contribuindo para a segurança hídrica, e, consequentemente, favorecendo o crescimento econômico e o bem-estar social. O relatório evidencia a necessidade de informações, a aproximação da cobrança ao planejamento da bacia e a aplicação eficiente dos recursos arrecadados. O relatório inclui uma avaliação de três estudos de caso: o Estado do Rio de Janeiro, a Bacia do rio Paraíba do Sul e a Bacia do rio Piancó-Piranhas-Açu. Conclui com um plano de ação com etapas de implementação prática e delimitação de funções: quem pode fazer o quê para implementar as recomendações a curto, médio e longo prazo.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264288423-pt
    URL: Volltext
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  • 13
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    Guía OCDE-FAO para las cadenas de suministro responsable en el sector agrícola (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264261358
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (90 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Governance
    Abstract: La Guía OCDE-FAO para la cadena de suministro responsable para el sector agrícola, en adelante “la Guía”, es una, dentro de varias guías desarrolladas por la OCDE para ayudar a las empresas a adoptar estándares de conducta empresarial responsable a lo largo de las cadenas de suministro agrícola, incluyendo las Líneas Directrices de la OCDE para Empresas Multinacionales, los Principios para la Inversión Responsable en la Agricultura y los Sistemas Alimentarios y las Directrices Voluntarias sobre la Gobernanza Responsable de la Tenencia de la Tierra, la Pesca y los Bosques en el Contexto de la Seguridad Alimentaria Nacional. La Guía se encuentra dividida en cuatro secciones: · Un modelo de política empresarial que describe los estándares que las empresas deberían considerar para construir cadenas responsables de suministro para el sector agrícola (Sección 1); · Un marco de trabajo para la debida diligencia basada en riesgos, que describe los cinco pasos que las empresas deberían seguir para identificar, evaluar, mitigar, prevenir y rendir cuentas sobre la forma en que enfrentan los impactos negativos de sus actividades (Sección 2); · Una descripción de los principales riesgos que enfrentan las empresas, y las medidas para la mitigación de estos riesgos (Anexo A); · Un marco de trabajo para el relacionamiento con las comunidades y los pueblos originarios. (Anexo B).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264261358-es
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  • 14
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    Online Resource
    Financing Climate Action in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia (Russian version) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264286047
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Цель настоящего доклада заключается в освещении того, каким образом страны ВЕКЦА и их партнеры по сотрудничеству в целях развития ведут совместную работу по финансированию усилий, направленных на смягчение последствий изменения климата и адаптацию к изменению климата, с использованием базы данных Комитета ОЭСР по помощи в целях развития для анализа потоков климатического финансирования в разбивке по секторам, поставщикам финансирования, финансовым инструментам, каналам и т.д. В 2013 и 2014 годах одиннадцати странам ВЕКЦА был выделен значительный объем финансирования из международных институциональных источников (3,3 миллиарда долларов США в год), однако масштабы этого финансирования значительно варьируются от страны к стране и не являются достаточными для достижения или превышения плановых показателей в области климата, которые были заявлены ими в предполагаемых определяемых на национальном уровне вкладах (ПОНУВ), представленных к 21-й Конференции сторон РКИК ООН. Хотя странами ВЕКЦА уже разработан целый ряд стратегий, связанных с климатом, вопрос о том, насколько эффективно осуществляются эти стратегии и в какой степени они способствуют дальнейшей мобилизации климатического финансирования, остается открытым. В связи с этим настоящий документ предлагает вопросы, отвечая на которые правительства стран ВЕКЦА смогут самостоятельно оценить свою готовность к использованию возможностей доступа к увеличивающимся объемам климатического финансирования из государственных, частных, международных и внутренних источников.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264286047-ru
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Garlic (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264272941
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 18 x 25cm.
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade
    Abstract: This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by the OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and illustrations to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the garlic Standard. This brochure describes and demonstrates the quality parameters of garlic, and is accompanied by high quality photographs. It is a valuable tool for inspection authorities, professional bodies, and traders interested in international trade in garlic.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264272941-en-fr
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  • 16
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    Agricultural Policies in the Philippines (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264294929 , 9789264269101 , 9789264269088
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food and Agricultural Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Agricultural policies in the Philippines
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Philippinen ; Agriculture and Food ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Philippines
    Abstract: This report analyses Philippine agricultural policy. Agriculture provides 30% of total employment in the Philippines and represents 11% of its Gross Domestic Product. The Philippines has had notable recent overall economic success, yet improving agricultural performance remains challenging. Productivity growth lags behind other Southeast Asian countries, and a number of policy distortions hinder progress. With agricultural land resources also under pressure from frequent natural disasters, rising population and urbanisation, the report offers a series of recommendations to improve the sector’s performance and its ability to adapt to climate change.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264269088-en
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  • 17
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    Promoting Clean Urban Public Transportation and Green Investment in Kazakhstan (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264279643
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe ПОДДЕРЖКА ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИ ЧИСТОГО ГОРОДСКОГО ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО ТРАНСПОРТА В КАЗАХСТАНЕ: ПРОГРАММА «ЗЕЛЕНЫХ» ИНВЕСТИЦИЙ
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Promoting clean urban public transportation and green investment in Kazakhstan
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Öffentlicher Nahverkehr ; Investitionspolitik ; Umweltpolitik ; Kasachstan ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Kazakhstan ; Kasachstan ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Öffentlicher Personennahverkehr ; Investitionspolitik ; Umweltpolitik
    Abstract: This report discusses the main results of a project on how to reduce air pollution from urban public transport in Kazakhstan, by providing an analysis for designing a green public investment programme in this sector. This sector represents an opportunity for Kazakhstan to address key objectives in its environmental and climate-related policies as part of the country’s ambitions to transition to a green economic path of development. The investment programme is also designed to support the modernisation of the urban transport fleet in the country and stimulate the domestic market to shift to modern buses powered by clean fuels. The programme is foreseen to be implemented in two phases: the first covers the cities of Kostanay and Shymkent and the second, all major urban centres in Kazakhstan. These investments are expected to result in significant air improvement.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264279643-en
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  • 18
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    Mobilising Bond Markets for a Low-Carbon Transition (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264272323
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mobilising bond markets for a low-carbon transition
    Keywords: Emissionshandel ; EU-Emissionshandel ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Bericht ; Weltwirtschaft ; Kohlendioxidemission ; Reduktion ; Kreditmarkt
    Abstract: This report describes the development of the green bond market as an innovative instrument for green finance, and provides a review of policy actions and options to promote further market development and growth. Since 2007-08, so-called “green bonds” have emerged and the market has risen from USD 3 billion in 2011 to USD 95 billion in issuance in 2016. For policy makers, the report proposes a framework for understanding potential directions of bond market evolution, increased convergence of rules and definitions, and quantitative analysis of the potential contribution that bond markets can make to a low-carbon transition.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264272323-en
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  • 19
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    Guidance to Assemble and Manage Multidisciplinary Teams for Extractive Contract Negotiations (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264274914
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Tools
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development
    Abstract: The Guidance is intended to offer host governments the tools they need to assemble and manage a multidisciplinary team, and engage effectively in extractive contract negotiations. The Guidance aims to help governments to put in place recommended processes and identify the skills that governments may need to prepare for and conduct effective contract negotiations. This Guidance further suggests ways to ensure coordination within government and better integration between government officials and expert advisers. Annexed to this Guidance is a Terms of Reference Template that governments may use to recruit and to monitor external advisers engaged during extractive contract negotiations. The Template can also be utilised by support providers who recruit external advisers on behalf of governments for the same purpose. While recognising that human and institutional capacity building is a long-term endeavour, the Guidance suggests, wherever possible, practical ways to capture and retain the necessary soft and technical skills for successful negotiations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264274914-en
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    Reforming Sanitation in Armenia : Towards a National Strategy (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264268982
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Reforming sanitation in Armenia
    Keywords: Abwasserwirtschaft ; Reform ; Armenien ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Armenia ; Armenien ; Hygiene ; Sanitärtechnik
    Abstract: This report assesses the state of Armenia’s sanitation services, which are in poor shape, and proposes ways forward for reforming the sector by: ensuring equitable access by all and identifying solutions that work for the poorest and most remote communities; generating economies of scale and scope, and reducing both investment and operational costs for the efficient delivery of sanitation services; and moving towards sustainable cost recovery for the sanitation sector, by identifying how much funding can be mobilised from within the sector and how much external transfers are required. The state of Armenia’s sanitation services are inadequate, with 51% of the population in rural areas using unimproved facilities, causing direct damage to the environment and exposing inhabitants to health risks, and better access but degraded sewerage-system infrastructure in urban areas, posing health hazards due to potential cross-contamination between sewage and drinking water. According to preliminary estimates, EUR 2.6 billion of investments will be required to meet Armenia’s sanitation needs, with approximately EUR 1 billion needing to be spent in the next 7 to 10 years. Given the country’s current economic situation, this investment will have to be spread over time and targeted to avoid further deterioration of infrastructure and increase of the financing gap.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264268982-en
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  • 21
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    OECD Investment Policy Reviews: Kazakhstan 2017 (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264269606 , 9789264269613 , 9789264297739
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (324 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Investment Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD investment policy reviews
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Investitionspolitik ; Kasachstan ; Finance and Investment ; Kazakhstan ; Kasachstan ; Wirtschaft
    Abstract: This review, which was prepared in response to Kazakhstan's 2012 request to adhere to the Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises (OECD Declaration), analyses the general framework for investment as well as most recent reforms, and shows where further efforts are necessary. It assesses Kazakhstan’s ability to comply with the principles of openness, transparency and non-discrimination and its policy convergence with the OECD Declaration, including responsible business conduct practices. Capitalising on the OECD Policy Framework for Investment, this review studies other policy areas that are of key relevance to investment such as SME policy, infrastructure development, trade policy as well as anti-corruption efforts. Since the first review of Kazakhstan, in 2012, the authorities have made strides in opening the country to international investment and in improving the policy framework for investment as part of their efforts to diversify the economy to avoid continued overreliance on oil. Additional policy measures are nevertheless required to create a stimulating environment for investment if the government wants to fulfil its goal of economic diversification and sustainable development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264269606-en
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  • 22
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    Investing in climate, investing in growth (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273528
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (309 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Edition: Revised version
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Investing in climate, investing in growth
    Keywords: Investitionspolitik ; Klimaschutz ; Wachstumspolitik ; G20-Staaten ; Internationaler Umweltschutz ; Umweltpolitik ; Klimaschutz ; Klimaänderung ; Wachstumspolitik ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Investition ; Infrastruktur ; Strukturanpassung ; Finanzierung ; Entwicklung ; Tendenz ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Economics ; Erde
    Abstract: This report provides an assessment of how governments can generate inclusive economic growth in the short term, while making progress towards climate goals to secure sustainable long-term growth. It describes the development pathways required to meet the Paris Agreement objectives and underlines the value of well-aligned policy packages in mobilising investment and social support for the transition while enhancing growth. The report also sets out the structural, financial and political changes needed to enable the transition.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273528-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 23
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    OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Peru 2017 (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264283138
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Peru
    Abstract: The Environmental Performance Review programme of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) provides independent assessments of countries’ progress in achieving their domestic and international environmental policy commitments, together with policy-relevant recommendations. The reviews are conducted to promote peer learning, enhance governments’ accountability to each other and to the public, and to improve countries’ environmental performance, individually and collectively. The OECD has been conducting these reviews since 1992, supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data. Each cycle of the Environmental Performance Reviews covers all OECD member countries and selected partner countries. The most recent reviews include: Colombia (2014), Spain (2015), Brazil (2015) and Chile (2016). The Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) has promoted environmental reviews in Latin America and the Caribbean, in cooperation with the OECD, and has undertaken similar assessments in the states of Amazonas and Acre in Brazil. Part I. Progress toward sustainable development Chapter 1. Background and key environmental trends Chapter 2. Policy-making environment Chapter 3. Economy and the environment Chapter 4. Society and environment Chapter 5. International co-operation and commitments Part II. Environmental quality of life Chapter 6. Air quality management Chapter 7. Management of waste and chemicals Chapter 8. Water resources Chapter 9. Biodiversity Part III. Use of natural resources base Chapter 10. Farming and forestry Chapter 11. Fisheries Chapter 12. Mining sector Annex I: Selected Data
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264283138-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 24
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    Agricultural Policies in Costa Rica (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264294936 , 9789264269125 , 9789264269132
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food and Agricultural Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Agricultural policies in Costa Rica
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Costa Rica ; Agriculture and Food ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Costa Rica
    Abstract: Costa Rica’s strong agricultural sector is underpinned by the country’s political stability, robust economic growth and high levels of human development. The sector has achieved significant export success, yet raising productivity and staying competitive in world markets will require efforts to address bottlenecks in infrastructure, innovation and access to financial services. Maximising Costa Rica’s comparative advantage in higher-value niche products will depend upon more efficient services to agriculture, including better implementation of programmes, improved co-ordination among institutions, and reduced bureaucracy. While overall protection for agriculture is relatively low compared to OECD countries, it is nonetheless highly distorting to production and trade. Managing the transition to scheduled liberalisation presents an opportunity to reform costly policies, and to implement an alternative policy package with new investments in innovation, productivity and diversification, supported by transition assistance where needed. Costa Rican agriculture’s vulnerability to extreme weather events is expected to worsen with climate change, and even while the country is among global leaders in environmental protection, sustainable development and climate change mitigation, further adaptation efforts will be necessary.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264269125-en
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  • 25
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    Debate the Issues: Complexity and Policy making (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264271586 , 9789264271531 , 9789264297395
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.) , 14.5 x 22cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Insights
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Débattre des enjeux : complexité et action publique
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Debate the issues
    Keywords: Wirtschaftswissenschaft ; Komplexe Systeme ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Politik ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Wirtschaftswissenschaften ; Wirtschaftspolitik
    Abstract: The OECD’s New Approaches to Economic Challenges initiative invited experts from inside and outside the Organisation to discuss complexity theory as a means to better understand the interconnected nature of the trends and influences shaping our socio-economic environment. Their contributions, brought together here, examine the assumptions, strengths and shortcomings of traditional models, and propose a way to build new ones that would take into account factors such as psychology, history and culture neglected by these models. The authors concentrate on the discipline of economics as such; the financial system; and applications of complexity theory to policy making and governance. They argue that a new narrative is needed to integrate the hopes, values, attitudes and behaviours of people into economics along with the facts and data economists are more used to dealing with.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264271531-en
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  • 26
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    OECD Guidelines on Insurer Governance 2017 Edition (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264190085
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (86 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD guidelines on insurer governance
    Keywords: Versicherung ; Corporate Governance ; OECD-Staaten ; Regulierung ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Wahrnehmung ; Finance and Investment ; Versicherungswirtschaft ; Risikomanagement ; Governance ; Regulierung
    Abstract: As financial institutions whose business is the acceptance and management of risk, insurers are expected to have sound governance practices and effective risk management systems. The nature of their business activities requires insurers to be subject to tailored guidance on their risks and responsibilities. The OECD Guidelines on Insurer Governance provide guidance and serve as a reference point for insurers, governmental authorities, and other relevant stakeholders in OECD and non-OECD countries. The Guidelines have been revised and expanded for the second time since they were first adopted in 2005 to reflect evolving market practices and updates to international guidance following the financial crisis.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264190085-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 27
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    Lignes directrices de l'OCDE sur la gouvernance des assureurs, Édition 2017 (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264288294
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (94 p.)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: En tant qu’institutions financières dont l’activité consiste à accepter et à gérer des risques, les assureurs sont tenus d’observer des pratiques de bonne gouvernance et de se doter de systèmes efficaces de gestion des risques. La nature de leurs activités les oblige à se soumettre à des principes de conduite spécifiques concernant leurs risques et responsabilités. Les Lignes directrices de l’OCDE sur la gouvernance des assureurs ont pour but de définir des lignes de conduite et de servir de référentiel aux assureurs, aux autorités publiques et aux autres parties prenantes concernées dans les pays membres et non membres de l’OCDE. Elles ont été révisées et augmentées pour la deuxième fois depuis leur adoption en 2005 afin de refléter l’évolution des pratiques et la mise à jour des recommandations internationales dans le domaine après la crise financière.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264288294-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 28
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    Cobranças de água no Brasil : Direções a seguir (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264286214
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Brazil
    Abstract: O relatório tem como principal foco a cobrança pelo uso de recursos hídricos no Brasil. Avalia o seu estado atual e os desafios de implementação. Proporciona orientações para o avanço da implementação da cobrança no País como instrumento econômico e financeiro de gestão, visando prevenir e responder a situações de conflito pelo uso da água e de poluição, contribuindo para a segurança hídrica, e, consequentemente, favorecendo o crescimento econômico e o bem-estar social. O relatório evidencia a necessidade de informações, a aproximação da cobrança ao planejamento da bacia e a aplicação eficiente dos recursos arrecadados. O relatório inclui uma avaliação de três estudos de caso: o Estado do Rio de Janeiro, a Bacia do rio Paraíba do Sul e a Bacia do rio Piancó-Piranhas-Açu. Conclui com um plano de ação com etapas de implementação prática e delimitação de funções: quem pode fazer o quê para implementar as recomendações a curto, médio e longo prazo.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264286214-pt
    URL: Volltext
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  • 29
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    Social Protection System Review of Cambodia (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264282285 , 9789264296657 , 9789264282506
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Social protection system review of Cambodia
    Keywords: Soziale Sicherheit ; Kambodscha ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Cambodia ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Kambodscha
    Abstract: In 2017, the Royal Government of Cambodia published a new Social Protection Policy Framework (SPPF), providing an ambitious vision for a social protection system in which a comprehensive set of policies and institutions operate in sync with each other to sustainably reduce poverty and vulnerability.The Social Protection System Review of Cambodia prompts and answers a series of questions that are crucial for the implementation ofthe framework : How will emerging trends affect the needs for social protection, now and into the future? To what extent are Cambodia’s social protection instruments able – or likely – to address current and future livelihood challenges? How does fiscal policy affect social protection objectives? This review provides a contribution to the ongoing policy dialogue on social protection, sustainable growth and poverty reduction. It includes four chapters. Chapter 1 is a forward-looking assessment of Cambodia’s social protection needs. Chapter 2 maps the social protection sector and examines its adequacy. An investigation of the distributive impact of social protection and tax policy is undertaken in Chapter 3. The last chapter concludes with recommendations for policy strategies that could support the establishment of an inclusive social protection system in Cambodia, as envisaged by the SPPF.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264282285-en
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  • 30
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    Water Risk Hotspots for Agriculture (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264279551
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (196 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Water risk hotspots for agriculture
    Keywords: Wassermangel ; Wasserversorgung ; Dürre ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Development
    Abstract: Agriculture is expected to face increasing water risks that will impact production, markets, trade and food security - risks that can be mitigated with targeted policy actions on water hotspots. This report develops the hotspot approach, provides an application at the global scale, and presents a mitigation policy action plan. The People’s Republic of China, India and the United States are identified as countries facing the greatest water risks for agriculture production globally. A global simulation shows that, in the absence of action, water risks in Northeast China, Northwest India and the Southwest United States in particular could have significant production, price and trade consequences. Agriculture water risks could also result in broader socio-economic and food security concerns. Farmers, agro food companies, and governments can all play a role in responding to water risks at hotspot locations. A three-tier policy action plan is proposed to confront water risk hotspots, encompassing targeted responses, adapted national policies, strengthened market integration and international collaboration.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264279551-en
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    Improving Energy Efficiency in the Agro-food Chain (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264278530
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Améliorer l'efficacité énergétique dans la chaîne agroalimentaire
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Improving energy efficiency in the agro-food chain
    Keywords: Energieeinsparung ; Agroindustrie ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Landwirtschaft ; Energieeffizienz ; Energieversorgung ; Lebensmittelindustrie
    Abstract: For a variety of reasons, energy use in the agro-food sector continues to rise, and in many countries, is highly dependent on fossil fuels, contributing significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. It is therefore becoming urgent to consider how the food supply chain can improve its energy efficiency. This report analyses ways of improving energy use in the agro-food sector in relation to both producers and consumers, and puts forward a set of policy recommendations that governments can introduce to meet green growth objectives and achieve sustainable development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264278530-en
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  • 32
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    OECD Competition Assessment Reviews: Greece 2017 (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264088276
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (332 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Competition Assessment Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Greece 2017
    Keywords: Wettbewerb ; Griechenland ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Greece ; Bericht ; Griechenland ; Wettbewerb ; Geschichte 2017
    Abstract: This report analyses Greek legislation in a number of sectors and identifies about 350 legal provisions which could be removed or amended to lift regulatory barriers to competition. The work undertaken in the project has involved the review of over 1 200 pieces of legislation in these sectors of the economy, using the OECD Competition Assessment Toolkit. The analysis of the legislation and of the Greek sectors has been complemented by research into international experience and consultation with stakeholders from the public and private sectors. The OECD has developed recommendations to remove or modify the provisions in order to be less restrictive for suppliers and consumers, while still achieving Greek policy makers’ initial objectives. If these recommendations are implemented, benefits to consumers in Greece and to the Greek economy should arise in all sectors. Throughout this report, the authors identify the sources of those benefits and, where possible, provide quantitative estimates.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264088276-en
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    OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises, 2015 Edition (Arabic version) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264274273
    Language: Arabic
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: The new OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises provide an internationally agreed benchmark to help governments assess and improve the way they exercise their ownership functions in state-owned enterprises. Good corporate governance of state-owned enterprises is a key reform priority in many countries. Improved efficiency and better transparency in the state owned sector will result in considerable economic gains, especially in countries where state ownership is important. In addition, creating a level playing field for private and state-owned enterprises will encourage a sound and competitive business sector. The Guidelines, first adopted in 2005, provide a set of good practices on the legal and regulatory framework for state-owned enterprises (SOEs), the professionalisation of the state ownership function and the corporate governance arrangements of SOEs. This new version of the recommendation was developed in the light of almost a decade of experiences with its implementation and a number of thematic and comparative studies, developed on the basis of the earlier version of the Guidelines, that showed the need for, and supported, their revision, including in areas such as disclosure and transparency, public-private competition, board practices and funding and financing of SOE.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264274273-ar
    URL: Volltext
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    Fossil fuel support: Denmark (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset reports spending programmes and tax breaks in Denmark that encourage the consumption or production of fossil fuels. These include measures that reduce prices for consumers, as well as those that lower exploration and exploitation costs for oil and gas companies.
    DOI: 10.1787/28fe43fa-en
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    Benchmark definition, 4th edition (BMD4): Foreign direct investment: income by industry (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD International Direct Investment Statistics
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This dataset on foreign direct investment (FDI) provides a cross-country comparison of income on equity and interests on income from debt, broken down by economic activity. Data are provided in US dollars, reported currency and as a share of GDP and are available from 2005 onwards. FDI income data are closely linked to the stocks of investments and are used for analysis of the productivity of the investment and calculation of the rate of return on the total funds invested.
    DOI: 10.1787/bb80d372-en
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  • 36
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    Fossil fuel support: Spain (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset reports spending programmes and tax breaks in Spain that encourage the consumption or production of fossil fuels. These include measures that reduce prices for consumers, as well as those that lower exploration and exploitation costs for oil and gas companies.
    DOI: 10.1787/56a5c992-en
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  • 37
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    Fossil fuel support: Brasil (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset reports spending programmes and tax breaks in Brasil that encourage the consumption or production of fossil fuels. These include measures that reduce prices for consumers, as well as those that lower exploration and exploitation costs for oil and gas companies.
    DOI: 10.1787/93e61ef0-en
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  • 38
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    Fossil fuel support: Ireland (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset reports spending programmes and tax breaks in Ireland that encourage the consumption or production of fossil fuels. These include measures that reduce prices for consumers, as well as those that lower exploration and exploitation costs for oil and gas companies.
    DOI: 10.1787/4feaea02-en
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  • 39
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    Trade by enterprise characteristics: Trade by size classes, ISIC Rev. 4 (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on Measuring Globalisation
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This dataset on international trade includes import and export statistics on trade classes in terms of size comprising indicators by number of trading enterprises and trade value, sector according to the economic sector in International Standard Industrial Classification Rev. 4 (ISIC). Partner zones both include Extra and Intra EU Trade. Data are presented by size class (0-9, 10-49, 50-249, 250+) with respect to ISIC 2 digit sectors by reporter country, partner zone, indicator and flow.
    DOI: 10.1787/c1aa01a7-en
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  • 40
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    Outward activity of multinationals by industrial sector - ISIC Rev. 4 (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on Measuring Globalisation
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This dataset provides statistics on outward activity of multinationals by industrial sector with figures on the activity affiliates located abroad (total exports, value added, turnover, gross operating surplus)by industry according to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC Revision 4). Data are presented from 2007 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/8d72d8a8-en
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  • 41
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    Green investment banks : innovative public financial institutions scaling up private, low-carbon investment (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment policy paper no. 06 (January 2017)
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.6
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This Policy Paper describes the relatively new phenomenon of publicly-capitalised green investment banks and examines why they are being created and how they are mobilising private investment. It draws on the OECD report “Green Investment Banks: Scaling up Private Investment in Low-carbon, Climate-resilient Infrastructure".
    DOI: 10.1787/e3c2526c-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 42
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    Diffuse Pollution, Degraded Waters : Emerging Policy Solutions (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264269064
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Diffuse pollution, degraded waters
    RVK:
    PN 797
    Keywords: Gewässerbelastung ; Wasserpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; OECD ; Wasserverschmutzung ; Kontrolle ; Wassergüte
    Abstract: After decades of regulation and investment to reduce point source water pollution, OECD countries still face water quality challenges (e.g. eutrophication) from diffuse agricultural and urban sources of pollution, that is disperse pollution from surface runoff, soil filtration and atmospheric deposition. The relative lack of progress reflects the complexities of controlling multiple pollutants from multiple sources, their high spatial and temporal variability, associated transactions costs, and limited political acceptability of regulatory measures. This report outlines the water quality challenges facing OECD countries today, presents a range of policy instruments and innovative case studies of diffuse pollution control, and concludes with an integrated policy framework to tackle diffuse water pollution. An optimal approach will likely entail a mix of policy interventions reflecting the basic OECD principles of water quality management – pollution prevention, treatment at source, the polluter pays and beneficiary pays principles, equity, and policy coherence.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264269064-en
    URL: Volltext
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    Evaluation of farm programmes in the 2014 US farm bill : a review of the literature (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 73 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 104
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Agrarversicherung ; Risikomanagement ; Umweltpolitik ; USA ; Agriculture and Food ; United States ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Main changes to US farm programmes under the 2014 Farm Bill aim to strengthen instruments for risk management, both in commodity and in crop insurance programmes. In addition, the 2014 Farm Bill consolidated voluntary conservation programmes supporting agricultural land preservation and the adoption of environmentally friendly production practices. In the literature reviewed, analysts generally acknowledge the reinforced capacity of farm programmes to reduce farm revenue losses and the diversity of options offered to farmers to manage risk. They also discuss farmers' choices of participation in programmes and coverage level in terms of optimisation of their benefits. They also outline the scope for higher budget costs if prices keep falling, but note that some provisions limit the increase. Regarding the impact of programmes on land and markets, the consensus is that by design, the two new crop commodity programmes do not influence current planting decisions, but they could generate small wealth and risk effects. Similarly the new dairy programme could affect the decisions of risk adverse farmers. Support to crop insurance on the other hand is based on current parameters, and unlimited, thus it is expected to encourage higher input use to maximise profit, in addition to the wealth and risk effects. Empirical analyses find very small effects of crop insurance subsidies on total land use, but some suggest a non-negligible impact on crop rotation, and variable input use. Overall, the literature finds that conservation payments seem to have had a positive impact on the environment. In particular, they have encouraged farmers to adopt more environmentally-friendly practices and address a broader set of environmental objectives. Some experts note, however, that some programmes may not necessarily bring additional benefits. Experts consider that cross-compliance mechanisms have partly contributed to reduce soil erosion by encouraging farmers to use less erosive cropping practices (e.g. conservation tillage, conservation crop rotations) and to retire particularly erodible land.
    DOI: 10.1787/ff39e390-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 44
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    Brechas y estándares de gobernanza de la infraestructura pública en Chile : Análisis de Gobernanza de Infraestructura (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264286948
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (408 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gaps and Governance Standards of Public Infrastructure in Chile: Infrastructure Governance Review
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Chile
    Abstract: La planificación y el marco de gobernanza de Chile permitieron en las últimas dos décadas el despliegue de infraestructura eficiente y de alta calidad, un elemento clave en el rápido desarrollo del país en ese período. Sin embargo, las circunstancias emergentes tales como el cambio climático, la descentralización y un enfoque mayor en la equidad social y territorial, requieren un cambio en la manera en la cual las necesidades de infraestructura son identificadas y abordadas. Esta revisión examina la infraestructura actual y los estándares de gobernanza en Chile, a la luz de los objetivos de la agenda de crecimiento del país al año 2030 y estudios comparativos de la OCDE, además de establecer cómo es posible lograr ese cambio, con un enfoque especial en infraestructura de transporte y agua.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264286948-es
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  • 45
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    Innovating agriculture: Growing small ideas into game-changers (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Economics
    DOI: 10.1787/6a77b6aa-en
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  • 46
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    Agricultural producer support trends downwards (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Le soutien à l’agriculture baisse
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Economics
    DOI: 10.1787/7a902ab5-en
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  • 47
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    Better policies for agriculture (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Des politiques meilleures pour l’agriculture
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Economics
    DOI: 10.1787/d44feabe-en
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  • 48
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    Pensions statistics (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Pensions Statistics
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Albania ; Argentina ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Bolivia ; Brazil ; Bulgaria ; Canada ; Chile ; China, People’s Republic ; Colombia ; Costa Rica ; Croatia ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Dominican Republic ; Egypt ; El Salvador ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hong Kong, China ; Hungary ; Iceland ; India ; Indonesia ; Ireland ; Israel ; Italy ; Jamaica ; Japan ; Jordan ; Kazakhstan ; Kenya ; Korea, Republic of ; Latvia ; Lesotho ; Liechtenstein ; Luxembourg ; Malaysia ; Malta ; Mauritius ; Mexico ; Namibia ; Nigeria ; North Macedonia ; Pakistan ; Panama ; Peru ; Poland ; Portugal ; Romania ; Russian Federation ; Serbia ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; South Africa ; Spain ; Suriname ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; Thailand ; Trinidad and Tobago ; Türkiye ; Ukraine ; United Kingdom ; United States ; Uruguay ; Zambia
    Abstract: This dataset includes pension funds statistics with OECD classifications by type of pension plans and by type of pension funds. All types of plans are included (occupational and personal, mandatory and voluntary). The OECD classification considers both funded and book reserved pension plans that are workplace-based (occupational pension plans) or accessed directly in retail markets (personal pension plans). Both mandatory and voluntary arrangements are included. The data includes plans where benefits are paid by a private sector entity (classified as private pension plans by the OECD) as well as those paid by a funded public sector entity. Data are presented in various measures depending on the variable: millions of national currency, millions of USD, thousands or unit.
    DOI: 10.1787/8bbeeca5-en
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  • 49
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    Insurance companies and employees (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Insurance Statistics
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This dataset provides information on number of insurance companies and employees within the sector. The number of insurance undertakings is then examined by ownership(domestic undertakings, foreign controlled undertakings, branches and agencies of foreign undertakings) and by insurance type (life, non-life, composite, reinsurance).Number of insurance employees is also available by employer type(insurance undertakings, intermediaries).Data is available starting from 1983.
    DOI: 10.1787/b6c2b0df-en
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  • 50
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    Balance sheet and income (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Insurance Statistics
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The balance sheet and income dataset shows data for direct insurance and reinsurance by life, non-life and composite categories shown in US dollars or national currency. Data are available from 2008 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/d3ecf1a5-en
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  • 51
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    Patents in fisheries-related technologies: Co-invention patents by inventor country pairs (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Agriculture Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset provides the number of co-inventions (simple patent families) developed jointly by at least two inventors. This indicator is disaggregated by: Inventor country: country of residence of the inventor(s), integral counted; in cases when inventors from more than two countries collaborate, this is translated into distinct bilateral relationships between country pairs. For example, if inventors from 3 countries collaborate (e.g. USA, DEU, JPN) then a unit count is assigned to 3 country pairs (USA-DEU, DEU-JPN, JPN-USA); in this case a country generally coordinate the project and the others are partners. Partner country: country of residence of the inventor(s) who collaborate to the patent. Technology domain: Harvesting technology / Aquaculture technology / New products and markets
    DOI: 10.1787/92058cdc-en
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  • 52
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    Environmental performance of agriculture - nutrients balances (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Agriculture Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset provides the latest and most comprehensive data across OECD countries on agricultural nutrient balances. The gross nutrient balances (N and P) are calculated as the difference between the total quantity of nutrient inputs entering an agricultural system (mainly fertilisers, livestock manure), and the quantity of nutrient outputs leaving the system (mainly uptake of nutrients by crops and grassland). Gross nutrient balances are expressed in tonnes of nutrient surplus (when positive) or deficit (when negative). This calculation can be used as a proxy to reveal the status of environmental pressures, such as declining soil fertility in the case of a nutrient deficit, or for a nutrient surplus the risk of polluting soil, water and air. The nutrient balance indicator is also expressed in terms of kilogrammes of nutrient surplus per hectare of agricultural land to facilitate the comparison of the relative intensity of nutrients in agricultural systems between countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9c70fd8e-en
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    Fisheries: Fisheries support estimates (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Agriculture Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset presents information on fisheries policies. It is designed to monitor and quantify developments in fisheries policy, to establish a common basis for policy dialogue among countries, and to provide economic data to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of policies. The dataset report country programmes data aggregated according to the main indicators presented in the Fisheries Support Estimate Manual.
    DOI: 10.1787/62e7ec95-en
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  • 54
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    Institutional investors' indicators (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Institutional Investors Statistics
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This dataset contains indicators on the financial assets and liabilities of investment funds, insurance corporations and pension funds. The indicators measure the total financial assets and liabilities as percentage of GDP for each type of institutional investor, the portfolio composition by type of investor as percentage of the total financial assets and liabilities, as well as the sector composition of total financial assets and liabilities.
    DOI: 10.1787/00e2532c-en
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    Benchmark definition, 4th edition (BMD4): Foreign direct investment: positions by industry (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD International Direct Investment Statistics
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    DOI: 10.1787/ba59bd5a-en
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  • 56
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    Fossil fuel support: Czech Republic (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset reports spending programmes and tax breaks in Czech Republic that encourage the consumption or production of fossil fuels. These include measures that reduce prices for consumers, as well as those that lower exploration and exploitation costs for oil and gas companies.
    DOI: 10.1787/588b0b6c-en
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  • 57
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    Gross claims payments (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Insurance Statistics
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This dataset contains data related to gross claims payments in the reporting country, containing a breakdown between domestic companies, foreign-controlled companies and branches and agencies of foreign companies. The core variable can be further analyzed by type of insurance (life, non-life,composite). Data are expressed in different currencies and starting from 1993.
    DOI: 10.1787/79a871fe-en
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  • 58
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    Benchmark definition, 4th edition (BMD4): Foreign direct investment: positions, main aggregates (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD International Direct Investment Statistics
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    DOI: 10.1787/bd21f093-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 59
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    Fossil fuel support: India (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset reports spending programmes and tax breaks in India that encourage the consumption or production of fossil fuels. These include measures that reduce prices for consumers, as well as those that lower exploration and exploitation costs for oil and gas companies.
    DOI: 10.1787/e24ab24a-en
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  • 60
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    Inward activity of multinationals by investing country - ISIC Rev. 4 (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on Measuring Globalisation
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This table contains figures on affiliates under foreign control by investing country in the total manufacturing, total services and total business enterprise sectors according to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC Revision 4). Data are availabe from 2008 on.
    DOI: 10.1787/1493c806-en
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  • 61
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    Benchmark definition, 4th edition (BMD4): Foreign direct investment: income, main aggregates (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD International Direct Investment Statistics
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This dataset on foreign direct investment (FDI) provides a summary of main aggregates in cross-country comparisons of income on equity and interests on income from debt (inward, outward). Data are provided in US dollars, reported currency and as a share of GDP; and are available from 2005 onwards. FDI income data are closely linked to the stocks of investments and are used for analysis of the productivity of the investment and calculation of the rate of return on the total funds invested.
    DOI: 10.1787/13d84ca3-en
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  • 62
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    Fisheries: Trade by product (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Agriculture Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset presents statistics on trade by product: imports and exports in tonnes and US dollars, for all sorts of fish, shellfish, etc. and all types of processing. Classification is according the Harmonised System (HS, i.e. harmonized commodity description and coding system of the World Customs Organization).
    DOI: 10.1787/107617c1-en
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  • 63
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    Patents in fisheries-related technologies: Patent applications by patent office (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Agriculture Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset provides the number of inventions that seek patent protection through national, regional or international routes (equivalents of the priority application, pertaining to the same simple patent family) in a given jurisdiction. It shows the extent to which firms and individuals seek to "protect" the relevant markets for their inventions (including both domestic and foreign inventions). The indicator is disaggregated by: Patent office: integer counts of patent applications deposited in different geographic jurisdictions (national and regional application authorities); Coverage: proportion of months in a year with at least one patent document deposited at the patent office. It allows displaying statistics based on all available data ("full dataset, with no restriction on coverage") or only for offices with data availability above a certain threshold (90%) in a given year ("conservative coverage"). While for most OECD countries data availability is complete, this distinction might be important particularly for some non-OECD countries. The geographical scope of protection reflects the market coverage of an invention: the higher the number of countries in which protection has been sought, the greater the potential for commercialisation and profit. Technology domain: Harvesting technology / Aquaculture technology / New products and markets
    DOI: 10.1787/04fdd738-en
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  • 64
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    Trade by enterprise characteristics: Trade by number of partner countries, ISIC Rev. 4 (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on Measuring Globalisation
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    DOI: 10.1787/c1811262-en
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  • 65
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    Fossil fuel support: Greece (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset reports spending programmes and tax breaks in Greece that encourage the consumption or production of fossil fuels. These include measures that reduce prices for consumers, as well as those that lower exploration and exploitation costs for oil and gas companies.
    DOI: 10.1787/1647d350-en
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    Accrual Practices and Reform Experiences in OECD Countries (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264270572
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (95 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Accrual practices and reform experiences in OECD countries
    RVK:
    QP 824
    Keywords: Öffentliches Rechnungswesen ; Rechnungsabgrenzung ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics ; OECD ; Fiskalpolitik ; Rechnungswesen ; Rückstellung
    Abstract: Financial reporting is one of the foundations of good fiscal management. High-quality financial reports are essential to ensure that a governments fiscal decisions are based on the most up-to-date and accurate understanding of its financial position. Financial reports are also the mechanism through which legislatures, auditors, and the public at large hold governments accountable for their financial performance. Over the past two decades, a growing number of governments have begun moving away from pure cash accounting toward accrual accounting to improve transparency and accountability and better inform fiscal decision making. This study reviews and compares accounting and budgeting practices at the national government level in OECD countries. It also discusses both the challenges and benefits of accruals reforms. Finally, it looks at some steps countries are taking to make better use of accrual information in the future. This is a joint publication with the International Federation of Accountants and the OECD.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264270572-en
    URL: Volltext
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    Support to fisheries : levels and impacts (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 103
    Keywords: Fischereipolitik ; Subvention ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The OECD Fisheries Support Estimate (FSE) database collects and classifies information on budgetary transfers to the fisheries sector in 31 countries that together account for 35% of global fisheries landings. In 2015, the most recent year, it inventories policies and programmes totalling USD 7 billion. Most of this support is found to be directed towards general services to the fishing sector, mainly in the form of fisheries management costs, but also for, inter alia, infrastructure, research and stock enhancement. Approximately USD 500 million per year is used for programmes that deliver funds directly in the hands of fishers. The share of this form of support has been decreasing over time. Payments based on the use of variable inputs are found to be the most likely to provoke increased fishing effort, while payments based on fixed capital formation are most likely to encourage increased capacity levels. Payments based on fishers income are less likely to increase effort or capacity and may be more effective at improving the welfare of fishers. Payments to general services for the sector are least likely to increase effort or fishing capacity.
    DOI: 10.1787/00287855-en
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    Enhancing the Role of Insurance in Cyber Risk Management (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264282148
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Enhancing the role of insurance in cyber risk management
    Keywords: IT-Kriminalität ; Risikomanagement ; Versicherung ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Versicherungswirtschaft ; Computerkriminalität ; Risikomanagement ; Datenschutz
    Abstract: The digital transformation of economic activities is creating significant opportunities for innovation, convenience and efficiency. However, recent major incidents have highlighted the digital security and privacy protection risks that come with an increased reliance on digital technologies. While not a substitute for investing in cyber security and risk management, insurance coverage for cyber risk can make a significant contribution to the management of cyber risk by promoting awareness about exposure to cyber losses, sharing expertise on risk management, encouraging investment in risk reduction and facilitating the response to cyber incidents. This report provides an overview of the financial impact of cyber incidents, the coverage of cyber risk available in the insurance market, the challenges to market development and initiatives to address those challenges. It includes a number of policy recommendations which support the development of the cyber insurance market and contribute to improving the management of cyber risk.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264282148-en
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    Gaps and Governance Standards of Public Infrastructure in Chile : Infrastructure Governance Review (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264278875
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (364 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Brechas y estándares de gobernanza de la infraestructura pública en Chile : Análisis de Gobernanza de Infraestructura
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Gaps and governance standards of public infrastructure in Chile
    Keywords: Infrastruktur ; Infrastrukturversorgung ; Infrastrukturpolitik ; Governance-Ansatz ; Chile ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Chile ; Chile ; Infrastrukturpolitik ; Infrastrukturplanung ; Governance ; Wasserversorgung ; Personenbeförderung
    Abstract: Chile’s planning and governance framework has supported the roll-out of high quality and efficient infrastructure that has been a key enabler of the country’s rapid development over the past two decades. However, changing circumstances such as climate change, decentralisation and a greater focus on social and territorial equity now require a change in how infrastructure needs are identified and addressed. This review examines Chile’s infrastructure stock and governance standards in light of the country’s 2030 growth agenda and OECD benchmarks, and sets out how such change can be achieved, with a special focus on transport and water infrastructure.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264278875-en
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  • 70
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    Le soutien à l’agriculture baisse (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Agricultural producer support trends downwards
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Economics
    DOI: 10.1787/40d2fc17-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 71
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    Des politiques meilleures pour l’agriculture (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Better policies for agriculture
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Economics
    DOI: 10.1787/caa5dc05-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 72
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    Fossil fuel support: Norway (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset reports spending programmes and tax breaks in Norway that encourage the consumption or production of fossil fuels. These include measures that reduce prices for consumers, as well as those that lower exploration and exploitation costs for oil and gas companies.
    DOI: 10.1787/356bae5d-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 73
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    Fossil fuel support: Canada (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset reports spending programmes and tax breaks in Canada that encourage the consumption or production of fossil fuels. These include measures that reduce prices for consumers, as well as those that lower exploration and exploitation costs for oil and gas companies.
    DOI: 10.1787/7ac1d1fc-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 74
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    Waste: Food Waste (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: The OECD food waste dataset is a compilation of available data related to food loss and food waste for 32 countries. The period covered may vary across different countries depending on data availability (globally ranging from 1993 to 2013).
    DOI: 10.1787/ee807a23-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 75
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    Fossil fuel support: Australia (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset reports spending programmes and tax breaks in Australia that encourage the consumption or production of fossil fuels. These include measures that reduce prices for consumers, as well as those that lower exploration and exploitation costs for oil and gas companies.
    DOI: 10.1787/0648306e-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 76
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    Fossil fuel support: Russia (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset reports spending programmes and tax breaks in Russia that encourage the consumption or production of fossil fuels. These include measures that reduce prices for consumers, as well as those that lower exploration and exploitation costs for oil and gas companies.
    DOI: 10.1787/bd5dbf49-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 77
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    Fossil fuel support: South Africa (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset reports spending programmes and tax breaks in South Africa that encourage the consumption or production of fossil fuels. These include measures that reduce prices for consumers, as well as those that lower exploration and exploitation costs for oil and gas companies.
    DOI: 10.1787/de6318f9-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 78
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    Online Resource
    OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Agriculture Statistics
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives agricoles de l'OCDE et de la FAO (Édition 2017)
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook includes projections for the period 2017-2026. In most cases the data go back to 1970 and cover up to the latest year of projection. The dataset contains projections on the agriculture market and commodities such as cereals, oilseeds, dairy products, cotton and more. It includes statistics on the trade side including data on production and output, prices, trade balance, ending stocks, consumption, transformation, etc. For most of the commodity markets analysed in the Agricultural Outlook, domestic and international commodity prices are also available. In most cases the data go back to 1970 and cover up to the latest year of projection.
    DOI: 10.1787/d9e81f72-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 79
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    2020 Projections of Climate Finance Towards the USD 100 Billion Goal : Technical Note (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264274204
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Climate Finance and the USD 100 Billion Goal
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Economics
    Abstract: The outcome of COP21 urged developed countries to scale up their level of financial support, over and above their initial finance pledges, with a concrete roadmap to achieve their USD 100 billion a year commitment by 2020. This note provides analytical support to country preparation of such a roadmap, assessing the scale of future climate finance as well as identifying and discussing some key uncertainties. It sets out the resulting projections for climate finance in 2020 along with the underlying assumptions and methodologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264274204-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 80
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    Promoting Strong and Inclusive Growth in India (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264275164
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p.)
    Series Statement: Better Policies
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Trade ; India
    Abstract: India’s economy continues to grow at an impressive rate, with projected annual GDP growth of 7.5% in 2017-18. India will thus remain the fastest-growing G20 economy. Unprecedented growth in exports in services since the 1990s has made India a global leader in this sector. Inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) grew at three times the annual world average rate in the last decade, reflecting the success of efforts to attract international investment and gradually loosen restrictions to foreign investment. India’s economic successes are being translated into increased well-being for its population. As GDP per capita has more than doubled in ten years, extreme poverty has declined substantially. Access to education has steadily improved, and life expectancy has risen. Multiple opportunities present themselves for India, and the right mix of policies is needed to take advantage of them. India has made advances in integrating in global value chains and developing a competitive advantage in fields such as information and communication technology. Now is the time to secure continued progress by boosting competition and further lowering barriers to trade and investment. Looking to the future, it will be vital to fully tap into the potential offered by India´s young population. This means investing in the large numbers of young people entering the labour market. Likewise, the rapid pace of development must be matched with the upgrades to infrastructure necessary to support it.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264275164-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 81
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    Services Trade Policies and the Global Economy (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264295988 , 9789264275232 , 9789264275270
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les politiques d'échanges de services dans une économie mondialisée
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Services trade policies and the global economy
    Keywords: Dienstleistungshandel ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Trade ; Bericht ; Weltwirtschaft ; Dienstleistungssektor
    Abstract: This book synthesises recent work by the OECD analysing services trade policies and quantifying their impacts on imports and exports, the performance of manufacturing and services sectors, and how services trade restrictions influence the decisions and outcomes of firms engaged in international markets. Based on the OECD Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI) - a unique, evidence-based tool that provides snapshots of regulations affecting trade in services in 22 sectors across 44 countries (representing over 80% of global trade in services) - the analysis highlights the magnitude, nature and impact of the costs entailed by restrictive services trade policies. The new evidence uncovered is meant to inform trade policy makers and the private sector about the likely effects of unilateral or concerted regulatory reforms and help prioritise policy action.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264275232-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 82
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    Le financement de la démocratie (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Financing democracy
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics
    DOI: 10.1787/cf348885-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 83
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    A rural trip through time (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Voyage à travers le temps dans l'espace rural
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Economics
    DOI: 10.1787/72b7333c-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 84
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    Agricultural production grows strongly (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe La production agricole connaît une forte croissance
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Economics
    DOI: 10.1787/bf6899cb-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 85
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    Financing democracy (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Le financement de la démocratie
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics
    DOI: 10.1787/6b93a708-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 86
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    Inward activity of multinationals by industrial sector - ISIC Rev. 4 (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on Measuring Globalisation
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This subset of the activity of Multinationals in Manufacturing dataset focuses on the inward activity by industrial sector. Varaiables such as value added, turnover, intra-firm exports, stock of FDI, gross operating surplus and such are compared by industrial sector (chemical products, food, textiles). This table contains figures on the activity of affiliates under foreign control and all firms by industry according to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC Revision 4). Data are presented from 2008 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/6773becb-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 87
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    Fossil fuel support: Turkey (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset reports spending programmes and tax breaks in Turkey that encourage the consumption or production of fossil fuels. These include measures that reduce prices for consumers, as well as those that lower exploration and exploitation costs for oil and gas companies.
    DOI: 10.1787/31f8eb8f-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 88
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    Fossil fuel support: France (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset reports spending programmes and tax breaks in France that encourage the consumption or production of fossil fuels. These include measures that reduce prices for consumers, as well as those that lower exploration and exploitation costs for oil and gas companies.
    DOI: 10.1787/1239b2ea-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 89
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    Fossil fuel support: Japan (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset reports spending programmes and tax breaks in Japan that encourage the consumption or production of fossil fuels. These include measures that reduce prices for consumers, as well as those that lower exploration and exploitation costs for oil and gas companies.
    DOI: 10.1787/2fd3a46f-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 90
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    Agricultural support estimates - commodity indicators (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Agriculture Statistics
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Estimations du soutien agricole - indicateurs par produit (Édition 2017)
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset and predefined summary tables are a complement to the report Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation 2017, which monitors agricultural policy developments in 35 OECD member countries, 6 non-OECD EU member states and 11 emerging economies: Brazil, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Russia, the Philippines, South Africa, Ukraine and Viet Nam. The OECD uses a comprehensive system for measuring and classifying support to agriculture - the Producer and Consumer Support Estimates (PSEs and CSEs) and related indicators. They provide insight into the increasingly complex nature of agricultural policy and serve as a basis for OECD’s work on agricultural policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/fa49e65a-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 91
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    Fossil fuel support: Mexico (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset reports spending programmes and tax breaks in Mexico that encourage the consumption or production of fossil fuels. These include measures that reduce prices for consumers, as well as those that lower exploration and exploitation costs for oil and gas companies.
    DOI: 10.1787/2e060375-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 92
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    Fossil fuel support: Korea (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset reports spending programmes and tax breaks in Korea that encourage the consumption or production of fossil fuels. These include measures that reduce prices for consumers, as well as those that lower exploration and exploitation costs for oil and gas companies.
    DOI: 10.1787/2d428578-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 93
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    Fossil fuel support: Switzerland (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset reports spending programmes and tax breaks in Switzerland that encourage the consumption or production of fossil fuels. These include measures that reduce prices for consumers, as well as those that lower exploration and exploitation costs for oil and gas companies.
    DOI: 10.1787/3f2ef113-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 94
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    Commissions (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Insurance Statistics
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This dataset includes statistics related to commissions in the reporting country, containing a breakdown between domestic companies, foreign-controlled companies and branches and agencies of foreign companies. The commissions in the reporting country can then be compared by ownership (domestic undertakings, foreign controlled undertakings, branches and agencies of foreign undertakings), by insurance type ( life, non-life, composite) and facultative reinsurance(direct business, reinsurance accepted). Data are expressed in national currency, USD or Euro (in millions) and presented from 1993 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/0dc2e99e-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 95
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    Trade by enterprise characteristics: Trade by top enterprises, ISIC Rev. 4 (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics on Measuring Globalisation
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    DOI: 10.1787/e2938369-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 96
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    Fossil fuel support: Slovak Republic (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset reports spending programmes and tax breaks in Slovak Republic that encourage the consumption or production of fossil fuels. These include measures that reduce prices for consumers, as well as those that lower exploration and exploitation costs for oil and gas companies.
    DOI: 10.1787/ed4f7ae4-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 97
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    Going for growth (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Economic Outlook: Statistics and Projections
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation ; Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: This dataset comprises a comprehensive set of quantitative indicators that allow for a comparison of policy settings across OECD countries and selected non-member economies: Argentina, Brazil, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, India, Indonesia, Lithuania, the Russian Federation and South Africa. Several areas are covered: Product market regulation (economy-wide and sector-specific regulation), Education, Public investment and subsidies, Taxation, Labour market, Transfers.
    DOI: 10.1787/bdc23680-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 98
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    Fossil fuel support: China (Edition 2017) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Statistics
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This dataset reports spending programmes and tax breaks in China that encourage the consumption or production of fossil fuels. These include measures that reduce prices for consumers, as well as those that lower exploration and exploitation costs for oil and gas companies.
    DOI: 10.1787/cfa5bc26-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 99
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    Understanding Financial Accounts (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264296619 , 9789264281295 , 9789264281288
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (424 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Understanding financial accounts
    Keywords: Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung ; Finanzmarkt ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung ; Kreditmarkt
    Abstract: Understanding Financial Accounts seeks to show how a range of questions on financial developments can be answered with the framework of financial accounts and balance sheets, by providing non-technical explanations illustrated with practical examples: What are the basic principles, concepts and definitions used for this framework which is part of the system of national accounts? What sources and which methodologies are used for their compilation? How are these used to monitor and analyse economic and financial developments? What can we learn about the 2007-2009 economic and financial crisis when looking at the numbers provided in this framework? What can we learn about financial risks and vulnerabilities? This publication is intended for young statisticians, students, journalists, economists, policy makers and citizens, who want to know more about the statistics that are at the heart of the analysis of financial developments in OECD economies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264281288-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 100
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    OECD-FAO Guidance for Responsible Agricultural Supply Chains (Chinese version) (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264273016
    Language: Chinese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Guide OCDE-FAO pour des filières agricoles responsables
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Руководство ОЭСР-ФАО по ответственным производственно-сбытовым цепочкам в сфере сельского хозяйства
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Guía OCDE-FAO para las cadenas de suministro responsable en el sector agrícola
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD/FAO-Leitfaden für verantwortungsvolle landwirtschaftliche Lieferketten
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe توجيهات منظمة التعاون والتنمية في الميدان الاقتصادي ومنظمة الأغذية والزراعة بشأن سلاسل الإمدادات الزراعية المسؤولة
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-FAO Guidance for Responsible Agricultural Supply Chains
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Governance
    Abstract: OECD and FAO have developed this guidance to help enterprises observe standards of responsible business conduct and undertake due diligence along agricultural supply chains in order to ensure that their operations do not lead to adverse impacts and do contribute to sustainable development. The Guidance comprises: • A model enterprise policy outlining the standards that enterprises should observe to build responsible agricultural supply chains; • A framework for risk-based due diligence describing the five steps that enterprises should follow to identify, assess, mitigate and account for how they address the adverse impacts of their activities; • A description of the major risks faced by enterprises and the measures to mitigate these risks; • Guidance for engaging with indigenous peoples.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264273016-zh
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