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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (1,273)
  • OECD  (1,273)
  • Rand Corporation
  • Safari Tech Books Online
  • Science and Technology  (1,273)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Building a Skilled Cyber Security Workforce in Europe : Insights from France, Germany and Poland (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264478763 , 9789264872738 , 9789264489943
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (117 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: Datensicherheit ; Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; IT-Kriminalität ; Frankreich ; Deutschland ; Polen ; Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; France ; Germany ; Poland
    Abstract: In an increasingly digital world, the significance of cyber security for individuals, businesses, and governments has never been greater. Rising cyber attacks are challenging current defence and operational capabilities, highlighting a critical shortage of skilled cyber security professionals. This report delves into the demand for cyber security expertise by analysing online job postings in France, Germany and Poland in between 2018 and 2023. It examines trends in the demand for cyber security professionals, the geographical distribution of job opportunities, and the changing skill requirements in this field. Focusing on France, the report also explores cyber security education and training programmes, the characteristics of the programmes, the demographics of enrolled learners, and their outcomes. Additionally, it reviews French policies and initiatives aimed at broadening the cyber security workforce and enhancing educational opportunities in this field. This comprehensive analysis is part of a larger effort to understand the evolving landscape of cyber security policies and professional experiences worldwide.
    DOI: 10.1787/3673cd60-en
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    2023 OECD Digital Government Index : Results and key findings (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.44
    Keywords: E-Government ; Digitalisierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: Digital government is essential to transform government processes and services in ways that improve the responsiveness and reliability of the public sector. During the COVID-19 pandemic it also proved crucial to governments' ability to continue operating in times of crisis and provide timely services to citizens and businesses. Yet, for the digital transformation to be sustainable in the long term, it needs solid foundations, including adaptable governance arrangements, reliable and resilient digital public infrastructure, and a prospective approach to governing with emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence. This paper presents the main findings of the 2023 edition of the OECD Digital Government Index (DGI), which benchmarks the efforts made by governments to establish the foundations necessary for a coherent, human-centred digital transformation of the public sector. It comprises 155 data points from 33 member countries, 4 accession countries and 1 partner country collected in 2022, covering the period between 01 January 2020 and 31 October 2022.
    DOI: 10.1787/1a89ed5e-en
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Common guideposts to promote interoperability in AI risk management (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.5
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The OECD AI Principles call for AI actors to be accountable for the proper functioning of their AI systems in accordance with their role, context, and ability to act. Likewise, the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises aim to minimise adverse impacts that may be associated with an enterprise’s operations, products and services. To develop ‘trustworthy’ and ‘responsible’ AI systems, there is a need to identify and manage AI risks. As calls for the development of accountability mechanisms and risk management frameworks continue to grow, interoperability would enhance efficiency and reduce enforcement and compliance costs. This report provides an analysis of the commonalities of AI risk management frameworks. It demonstrates that, while some elements may sometimes differ, all the risk management frameworks analysed follow a similar and sometimes functionally equivalent risk management process.
    DOI: 10.1787/ba602d18-en
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    2023 OECD Open, Useful and Re-usable data (OURdata) Index : Results and key findings (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.43
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: Open government data has become a vital instrument for addressing both longstanding and emerging policy issues. In particular, the recent pandemic and the green transition have underscored the need for governments to ensure access to timely, relevant, and high-quality data to foster resilience and facilitate a comprehensive whole-of-society response. This paper presents the main findings of the fourth edition of the OECD Open, Useful, and Re-usable data (OURdata) Index for 2023, which benchmarks efforts made by governments to design and implement national open government data policies. It encompasses over 670 data points collected from 36 OECD countries and 4 accession countries throughout 2022.
    DOI: 10.1787/a37f51c3-en
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Handbook on Compiling Digital Supply and Use Tables (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264688971 , 9789264626829 , 9789264493438
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (167 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Economics ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The digital economy is growing, with producers increasingly using digital technology to revolutionise their production processes, and with new business models being created based on the digital transformation. To improve the visibility of digitalisation in macroeconomic statistics, the Digital Supply and Use Tables (SUTs) framework has been developed under the auspices of the OECD’s Informal Advisory Group (IAG) on Measuring GDP in a Digitalised Economy. In the Digital SUTs framework, three dimensions are introduced for measuring the digital economy: the nature of the transaction (the “how”), the goods and services produced (the “what”), and the new digital industries (the “who”). The OECD Handbook on Compiling Digital SUTs explains these three dimensions and includes examples. It also presents the high priority indicators that have been agreed by the IAG and includes recommended templates for producing the outputs.
    DOI: 10.1787/11a0db02-en
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Space Economy in Figures : Responding to Global Challenges (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264624795 , 9789264479197 , 9789264431959
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Efforts to respond to global challenges have greatly benefited from space technologies that are more advanced, perform more efficiently and are operating at greater scale than ever before. But as the challenges facing society grow and intensify, questions arise as to whether the space sector can continue to deliver on its promise. Reaping the full benefits of what space activities have to offer will require substantial and targeted government action. Key priorities include maintaining the continuity and quality of government civilian missions, levelling the playing field for private actors entering the market, and securing the orbital environment for future generations. This edition of the Space Economy in Figures delves into these topics, drawing from both established and novel economic and policy data sources.
    DOI: 10.1787/fa5494aa-en
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Report on the implementation of the OECD Privacy Guidelines (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.361
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: First adopted in 1980, the OECD Privacy Guidelines are the first internationally agreed-upon set of privacy principles. They are framed in concise, technology-neutral language and have significantly influenced legislation and policy in OECD member countries and beyond. In 2018, the OECD initiated a comprehensive review of the Privacy Guidelines, which included a survey of Adherents, an ad hoc group of experts, and several workshops to explore the main challenges for privacy and personal data protection in an ever-evolving digital environment. This report presents the review's findings, confirming the continued importance and relevance of the Privacy Guidelines. However, it also highlights persistent and emerging implementation challenges and provides recommendations for addressing them.
    DOI: 10.1787/cf87ae8f-en
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Income-based tax relief for R&D and innovation : An integrated view (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.161
    Keywords: Taxation ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This document provides an integrated view on income-based tax incentives for R&D and innovation. It brings together the latest evidence on the adoption, design, generosity, cost and take-up of income-based tax incentives, and gives new insights into both the long-term and short-term trends in the take-up of income-based tax incentives by business and their cost to governments, including role of policy design changes. Furthermore, the report explores the scope for developing indicators that provide a more complete picture of the value of expenditure- and income-based tax relief for R&D and innovation in the OECD area and beyond.
    DOI: 10.1787/2db44e8b-en
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD framework for mapping and quantifying government support for business innovation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.160
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Taxation ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper resents a measurement framework aiming to support the collection of comprehensive and internationally comparable quantitative and qualitative information on governmental innovation support programmes and instruments. It proposes a taxonomic system with definitions, classifications and reporting conventions aligned with OECD and other international standards. The framework is intended to support future OECD measurement efforts in this area and the analysis of innovation support portfolios within and across countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/f30547e7-en
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Directrices de la OCDE sobre Procesos de Participación Ciudadana (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264415393 , 9789264860377 , 9789264774278
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (98 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Estudios de la OCDE sobre Gobernanza Pública
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines for Citizen Participation Processes
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Las Directrices sobre Participación Ciudadana de la OCDE están dirigidas a cualquier funcionario o institución pública con intención de llevar a cabo un proceso de participación ciudadana. Las directrices describen diez pasos para diseñar, planificar, implementar y evaluar un proceso de participación ciudadana, y describen ocho métodos diferentes para implicar a los ciudadanos: información y datos, cabildos abiertos, consultas públicas, innovación abierta, ciencia ciudadana, monitoreo cívico, presupuestos participativos y procesos deliberativos representativos. Las directrices se ilustran con ejemplos y orientaciones prácticas basadas en datos recopilados por la OCDE. Por último, se presentan nueve principios rectores para ayudar a garantizar la calidad de estos procesos.
    DOI: 10.1787/f1b22902-es
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Digital Government Review of Romania : Towards a Digitally Mature Government (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264424128 , 9789264317130 , 9789264578845
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (121 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Government Studies
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Romania
    Abstract: The Digital Government Review of Romania evaluates the efforts made by the government to transition towards digital government. It provides in-depth analysis and actionable policy recommendations to improve institutional governance, digital investments, digital talent and skills, government service delivery and the strategic use of data, including open government data. The findings can help Romania use digital technology and data to make its public sector more responsive, resilient and proactive in serving citizens and businesses.
    DOI: 10.1787/68361e0d-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Extending Broadband Connectivity in Southeast Asia (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264811690 , 9789264405844 , 9789264434547
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (271 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Cambodia ; Indonesia ; Singapore ; Thailand ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: This report assesses the current state of connectivity in Southeast Asia and provides tailored recommendations for extending broadband access, focusing on five countries: Cambodia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam. The analysis builds upon the OECD Recommendation on Broadband Connectivity, which provides a reference for policy makers and regulatory authorities within and outside of the OECD. Using the principles of the Recommendation as a roadmap, countries may be better able to unleash the full potential of connectivity for the digital transformation and to ensure equal access to connectivity for all users.
    DOI: 10.1787/b8920f6d-en
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Communicating science responsibly (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (7 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Briefs no.2
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Responsible science communication is crucial for fostering public trust in science and promoting evidence-based policymaking. However, in an evolving landscape shaped by the digital transformation and complex crises like the COVID-19 pandemic, science communication faces new challenges including widespread mis- and disinformation. To address these challenges, science communicators should follow key principles for responsible science communication including transparency, inclusivity, integrity, accountability, freedom and autonomy, and timeliness. Policymakers in turn are encouraged to promote these principles, invest in science communication capacity, establish crisis communication structures, support scientists in public communication, and promote scientific and digital literacy.
    DOI: 10.1787/5c3be7ce-en
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enhancing Rural Innovation in the United States (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264866683 , 9789264697263 , 9789264367203
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Studies
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; United States
    Abstract: When it comes to high-tech innovations, the United States leads the path amongst OECD economies. However, in the context of the national record-breaking activities in high tech innovation, there lies distinct and growing geographical disparities. This report dives into strategies for better understanding innovation that occurs in rural places, and places outside major metropolitan areas, often going beyond science and technology. It provides analysis and recommendations to support regional development initiatives aimed at closing the gaps in innovation between rural and urban areas. The report includes a special topic chapter on the role of broadband and education in rural areas, exploring trends and providing policy recommendations to enhance rural innovation through these specific and critical framework conditions.
    DOI: 10.1787/22a8261b-en
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Carbon Management: Bioeconomy and Beyond (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264710641 , 9789264836105 , 9789264320307
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (133 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Environment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The bioeconomy brings opportunities for economic growth while tackling climate change. Fossil carbon resources can be replaced by bio-based carbon resources, especially biomass. To allow these solutions to be scaled up without threats to biodiversity and the environment, it is necessary to develop the bioeconomy as a circular economy. With this carbon management approach, other sources of carbon complement biomass: industrial waste, including gases such as CO and CO2, as well as physically and chemically recycled carbon. In the future, direct air capture (DAC) may become competitive and form part of the solution. These approaches can be considered ‘circular’ because they close material loops and keep carbon recycling in the economy rather than emitting carbon to the atmosphere. This report reviews a number of hybrid technologies that can be deployed to ‘defossilise’ economic sectors and sets out policy options to bring these technologies to commercial scale.
    DOI: 10.1787/b5ace135-en
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  • 16
    Online Resource
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    Big Data Intelligence on Skills Demand and Training in Umbria (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264509702 , 9789264823266 , 9789264798014
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Employment ; Science and Technology ; Italy
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic had a severe impact on the Umbrian economy, and despite recovery of labour demand, the region faces challenges related to digitalisation, tight labour markets, and volatile demand for low-skilled jobs. To address these issues, the OECD and the Umbrian regional agency for active labour market policies (ARPAL) have collaborated to investigate the labour and skills demand of the region using big data techniques applied to online job postings. This report provides new insights into the alignment between labour and skills demand and the training options available in the training and education programmes contained in the Umbrian Regional Training Catalogue. This report builds new indicators to measure the alignment of course content with employer demands in Umbria, with results showing that alignment is relatively good for some occupations but that this can be strengthened to provide job seekers with up-to-date training options that match the demand of the labour market.
    DOI: 10.1787/4bbbbfd6-en
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  • 17
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    Online Resource
    Развитие цифровых навыков с целью повышения конкурентоспособности частного сектора в Узбекистане (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264578531 , 9789264884236 , 9789264535701
    Language: Russian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Digital Skills for Private Sector Competitiveness in Uzbekistan
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: С 2019 года цифровая трансформация является явным приоритетом политики Узбекистана. Несмотря на то, что страна добилась значительного прогресса в плане доступа к интернету, его качества и доступности, уровень использования цифровых технологий среди компаний остается низким. Недостаток цифровых навыков, по-видимому, является сдерживающим фактором, влияющим на цифровую трансформацию бизнеса. Основываясь на последних исследованиях ОЭСР по цифровизации, в данном отчете рассматриваются причины, сдерживающие цифровое развитие бизнеса в Узбекистане. В нем предлагаются три группы государственных мер: (1) создание благоприятной институциональной основы для освоения цифровых технологий компаниями; (2) повышение осведомленности компаний о важности приобретения цифровых и дополнительных навыков; и (3) расширение существующей поддержки цифровизации при устранении гендерного цифрового разрыва.
    DOI: 10.1787/f5feecac-ru
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  • 18
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    Улучшение рамочных условий для цифровой трансформации бизнеса в Казахстане (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264861497 , 9789264612884 , 9789264965577
    Language: Russian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (83 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Improving Framework Conditions for the Digital Transformation of Businesses in Kazakhstan
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Kazakhstan
    Abstract: В последние годы в Казахстане была разработана комплексная система цифрового управления и создаются нормативно-правовые условия для цифровой трансформации экономики страны. Цифровизация частного сектора требует дальнейшего улучшения рамочных условий, таких как надежный доступ к широкополосным услугам, качество и доступность сетей, а также цифровая безопасность для бизнеса. Основываясь на результатах недавней работы ОЭСР по изучению цифровых рамочных условий, в данном отчете рассматриваются правовые и операционные условия, которые сдерживают цифровую трансформацию частных компаний в Казахстане. Отчет предлагает три группы действий: (1) устранение пробелов в качестве интернета и возможности подключения, в частности, путем мобилизации местных исполнительных органов для повышения качества и плотности сетей, а также путем расширения участия частного сектора в процессе разработки политики; (2) повышение конкуренции и инвестиционной привлекательности телекоммуникационного сектора путем создания независимого национального регулятора телекоммуникаций и разработки целевой стратегии привлечения инвестиций для подготовки к развертыванию сетей связи следующего поколения; и (3) адаптация нормативно-правовой базы для фирм, приспосабливающихся к новым цифровым вызовам, и повышение их осведомленности о цифровой безопасности.
    DOI: 10.1787/6b6e7aa8-ru
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  • 19
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    OECD Public Governance Reviews: Czech Republic : Towards a More Modern and Effective Public Administration (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264920811 , 9789264744929 , 9789264777958
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (344 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Přehled o stavu veřejné správy: Česká Republika: Česká republika na cestě k modernější a efektivnější veřejné správě
    Keywords: Öffentliche Verwaltung ; Öffentlicher Sektor ; Reform ; Tschechien ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: The OECD Public Governance Review of the Czech Republic identifies priority governance areas for reform in the Czech Republic and offers recommendations to strengthen the effectiveness, agility and responsiveness of the country’s public sector. The review first provides a snapshot on the effectiveness of the public administration and its capacity to address contemporary governance challenges, such as digitalisation and climate change. It then analyses a number of critical and priority public governance areas including citizen engagement, centre-of-government-led co-ordination and strategic planning, evidence-informed policy making in the Czech public administration, public administration at the local and regional level, human resources management in the public administration, and digital government. It also includes a case study on governance arrangements and regulations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The review provides recommendations for the Czech public administration to help it implement its Public Administration Reform Strategy: Client-oriented Public Administration 2030 (PAR), achieve the objectives of the PAR, and, ultimately, realise its longer-term sustainable development vision and commitments.
    DOI: 10.1787/41fd9e5c-en
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  • 20
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    Data portability in open banking : Privacy and other cross-cutting issues (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.348
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Open banking allows users to access financial information and services through consent-based data portability. This paper brings together the views of private and public experts from a wide variety of countries to explore opportunities and challenges of open banking for financial regulation, privacy protection, and competition. It discusses the different approaches taken by jurisdictions across the globe, and the importance of regulation and standards. While open banking empowers users in sharing and re-using their data across digital services, online platforms, sectors and borders, uncertainty in the interactions with data protection and privacy regimes remains challenging. This paper informs OECD work to consider how cross-sectoral cooperation between financial, competition and data protection authorities could help further open banking.
    DOI: 10.1787/6c872949-en
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  • 21
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    The Public Governance of Anticipatory Innovation Ecosystems in Latvia : Exploring Applications in Key Sectors (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264779563 , 9789264963900 , 9789264706507
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (143 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Governance ; Latvia
    Abstract: This report presents a case study of applying the OECD anticipatory innovation governance framework to develop and manage anticipatory innovation ecosystems as vehicles for knowledge generation, innovation governance and co-ordinated action to achieve policy goals. Part I establishes the case for anticipatory innovation ecosystems and sets out how they can be governed through a multi-level approach. In Part II, opportunities and challenges for applying this approach in the Latvian context are identified, and recommendations are made for developing anticipatory innovation ecosystems in Latvia.
    DOI: 10.1787/83170d2e-en
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    Digital Government Review of Türkiye : Towards a Digitally-Enabled Government (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264542921 , 9789264999190 , 9789264976788
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (214 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Government Studies
    Keywords: E-Government ; Digitalisierung ; Türkei ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Türkiye
    Abstract: This Digital Government Review of Türkiye explores how the Government of Türkiye can use digital technology and data to help the public sector become more responsive, resilient and proactive. It evaluates the efforts made so far by Türkiye in achieving digital government maturity by looking at governance, institutional capacities, digital skills, public service design and delivery, enabling building blocks and the strategic management and use of data. The review provides policy recommendations intended to help the Government of Türkiye fully benefit from digital technologies and data to realise the potential of the digital age in transforming the public sector and the services provided to the public.
    DOI: 10.1787/3958d102-en
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  • 23
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    Online product safety sweep report (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.354
    Keywords: Online-Handel ; Produktsicherheit ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Trade
    Abstract: In October 2021, twenty-one OECD countries and partner economies participated in an online product safety sweep to identify the degree to which products were available for sale online despite (i) being banned or recalled, (ii) having inadequate labelling or (iii) not meeting voluntary or mandatory product safety standards. Results reveal that large volumes of unsafe products are readily traded across borders and a 79% average rate of non-compliance (or potential non-compliance) with product safety standards and laws. More needs to be done by online marketplaces and other retailers to identify and remove unsafe product listings and by consumer authorities to deter non-compliance.
    DOI: 10.1787/c1faa51e-en
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  • 24
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    Moving forward on data free flow with trust : New evidence and analysis of business experiences (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.353
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report uses business consultations to investigate private-sector views on privacy and data protection rules for cross-border data flows. It aims to inform a more comprehensive understanding of challenges and ways forward for the policy agenda of ‘data free flow with trust’. While frameworks aimed at generating trust and facilitating data flows build on commonalities and elements of convergence, businesses identify challenges to fully operationalise them at the global level. In particular, businesses indicate the need for coherent principles and rules that are transparent and predictable, provide a practical balance between certainty and flexibility, and offer solutions that match business realities. Finally, the report highlights the need for greater international regulatory co-operation and leveraging the full range of options to uphold trust around privacy and data protection globally.
    DOI: 10.1787/1afab147-en
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  • 25
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    Handbook on Measuring Digital Trade, Second Edition (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing ;
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (178 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Trade
    Abstract: The Handbook on Measuring Digital Trade sets out a conceptual and measurement framework for digital trade which aligns with the broader standards for macro-economic statistics. It aims to help statistical compilers to address policymakers' needs for statistical evidence on digital trade. It includes extensive compilation guidance, drawing upon substantive inputs and case studies from both developed and developing economies and covering a variety of survey and non-survey sources. A reporting template is also proposed to support compilers in the production and dissemination of digital trade statistics.
    DOI: 10.1787/ac99e6d3-en
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    The state of implementation of the OECD AI Principles four years on (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (82 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.3
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Regulierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: In 2019, the OECD Council adopted the Recommendation on Artificial Intelligence (the "OECD AI Principles"). These include five values-based principles and five recommendations for OECD countries and adhering partner economies to promote responsible and trustworthy AI policies. This report takes stock of initiatives launched by countries worldwide to implement the OECD AI Principles which were reported to the OECD.AI Policy Observatory as of May 2023. It provides an overview of national AI strategies, including their oversight and monitoring bodies, expert advisory groups, as well as their monitoring and evaluation frameworks. It also discusses the various regulatory approaches that countries are adopting to ensure AI trustworthiness, such as ethics frameworks, AI-specific regulations, and regulatory sandboxes. Additionally, the report offers policy examples for each of the ten OECD AI Principles to facilitate cross-learning among policymakers.
    DOI: 10.1787/835641c9-en
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    COVID-19 and science for policy and society (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (77 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.154
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This is the second in a series of three reports that explore how science was mobilised in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The focus is on science for policy – research agenda setting, scientific advice and public communication and engagement. The report includes recommendations and options for policy action to improve the resilience of national science systems and their capacity to cooperate internationally in response to crises. The context in each country is different, as illustrated by the many case studies included in the report, and so the priority attached to these recommendations and the specific details of how they might be implemented will vary. They are provided as an overall framework for science policymakers and other actors, including research funders and research providers, to consider.
    DOI: 10.1787/0afa04e2-en
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  • 28
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    Regulatory sandboxes in artificial intelligence (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.356
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Regulierung ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report focuses on regulatory sandboxes in artificial intelligence (AI), where authorities engage firms to test innovative products or services that challenge existing legal frameworks. Participating firms obtain a waiver from specific legal provisions or compliance processes to innovate. It highlights positive impacts like increased venture capital investment in fintech start-ups. It points out challenges, risks, and policy considerations for AI sandboxes, emphasizing interdisciplinary cooperation, building AI expertise, regulatory interoperability, and trade policy. It also addresses the importance of comprehensive criteria for eligibility and assessing trials, as well as the impact on innovation and competition.
    DOI: 10.1787/8f80a0e6-en
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  • 29
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    Processus du G7, dit d'Hiroshima, sur l'intelligence artificielle générative : Vers une vision commune à l'échelle du G7 sur l'IA générative (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe G7 Hiroshima Process on Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI): Towards a G7 Common Understanding on Generative AI
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: En mai 2023, les dirigeants du G7 ont recensé les thèmes à examiner dans le cadre du processus d'Hiroshima et demandé l'établissement rapide d'un état des lieux des possibilités et enjeux associés à l'IA générative. Ce rapport donne à voir les réponses reçues à un questionnaire conçu pour faciliter cet état des lieux et doit étayer les échanges du G7 au sujet des priorités d'action communes en ce qui concerne cette technologie. Il permet également de brosser une rapide vue d'ensemble de son évolution dans le temps et dans l'espace. Le rapport et les réponses au questionnaire doivent être considérés comme le reflet de la situation à un instant T : ils donnent une idée des tendances observables à l'été 2023, dans un contexte technologique en mutation rapide. Le rapport a contribué à éclairer et structurer les discussions tenues dans le cadre du processus du G7, dit d'Hiroshima, sur l'IA.
    DOI: 10.1787/678bee9f-fr
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    Estudio multidimensional de la República Dominicana : Hacia un mayor bienestar (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264626812 , 9789264592452 , 9789264457225
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (314 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Caminos de Desarrollo
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Multi-dimensional Review of the Dominican Republic: Towards Greater Well-being for All
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Taxation ; Development ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Dominican Republic
    Abstract: La República Dominicana ha experimentado importantes avances socioeconómicos en las últimas décadas. El país ha sido una de las principales economías de América Latina y el Caribe en términos de crecimiento económico, alcanzando el estatus de economía de ingreso medio-alto en 2011. Sin embargo, los avances en las diferentes dimensiones del bienestar han sido insuficientes. En particular, las disparidades socioeconómicas y territoriales siguen siendo importantes, y las instituciones públicas aún enfrentan desafíos relevantes. Para que la República Dominicana avance en una senda de desarrollo más inclusivo y sostenible, es necesario abordar tres dimensiones críticas. En primer lugar, proporcionar empleos de calidad para todos, con especial énfasis en impulsar la formalización y la transformación productiva. En segundo lugar, movilizar más financiamiento público y privado para el desarrollo, con sistemas fiscales más progresivos y eficaces, un gasto público más eficiente, y mercados de capitales más profundos. En tercer lugar, acelerar la transformación digital para impulsar la productividad, mejorar la inclusión y apoyar la creación de empleo.
    DOI: 10.1787/8044a9c9-es
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    Measuring Innovation in Education 2023 : Tools and Methods for Data-Driven Action and Improvement (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264737686 , 9789264600201 , 9789264731882
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (287 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Educational Research and Innovation
    Keywords: Bildungsforschung ; Bildung ; Innovation ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Measuring innovation in education and understanding its drivers and obstacles is essential to improve the quality of the education sector – and of specific educational establishments. Are pedagogical and administrative practices changing in the expected direction? Do educational institution have a positive innovation culture that supports innovation? What are the drivers of innovation that policy makers or institution leaders could influence to achieve the systems' educational objectives? How much do countries invest in educational research? This book proposes insights and tools to policy makers and education leaders willing to drive change based on data and evidence and new tools and methodologies for education policy makers and institution leaders to answer those questions. Based on the research literature and the long experience of innovation and research surveys, these tools are meant either for a statistical collection or to engage in self-reflection at the institutional level. Three aspects of innovation are covered: educational innovation at the system level, innovation culture within educational institutions, innovation towards equity in education. A questionnaire to measure educational research and experimental development expenditures and implementation and new methodologies to measure certain aspects of educational innovation and educational research based on big data and bibliometrics are also presented.
    DOI: 10.1787/a7167546-en
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    Emerging privacy-enhancing technologies : Current regulatory and policy approaches (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (51 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.351
    Keywords: Datenschutz ; Digitalisierung ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report examines privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs), which are digital solutions that allow information to be collected, processed, analysed, and shared while protecting data confidentiality and privacy. The report reviews recent technological advancements and evaluates the effectiveness of different types of PETs, as well as the challenges and opportunities they present. It also outlines current regulatory and policy approaches to PETs to help privacy enforcement authorities and policy makers better understand how they can be used to enhance privacy and data protection, and to improve overall data governance.
    DOI: 10.1787/bf121be4-en
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    Promovarea competențelor digitale de afaceri în Republica Moldova (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264456334
    Language: Romanian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (89 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Promoting Digital Business Skills in the Republic of Moldova
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Moldova, Republic of
    Abstract: Republica Moldova (în continuare Moldova) a transformat digitalizarea intr o politică prioritară. Această țară pregătește, în prezent, Strategia de transformare digitală 2023 2030, care va scoate în evidență alfabetizarea digitală, precum și competențele digitale de business, în vederea îmbunătățirii competitivității din sectorul privat. Digitalizarea a adus deja beneficii semnificative Moldovei, unde TIC a fost unul dintre cele mai dinamice sectoare din ultimii ani; însă companiile moldovenești din sectoarele non IT rămân la începutul procesului de digitalizare. Deficitul de competențe reprezintă o barieră majoră în această privință, afectând în special IMM urile care întâmpinămai multe dificultăți în atragerea și păstrarea angajaților competenți, precum și în instruirea și reîmprospătarea cunoștințelor în cadrul forței sale de muncă.Pornind de la activitățile anterioare ale OCDE privind politicile de digitalizare, OCDE a oferit îndrumare Moldovei, în decursul anului 2022, privind modul în care să construiască un ecosistem benefic și să stabilească politicile adecvate pentru a realiza noi progrese în ceea ce privește dezvoltarea și dobândirea competențelor digitale de business în rândul IMM urilor. Acest raport reprezintă un sumar al acelor probleme, luând în considerare 1) cadrul politic și instituțional; 2) instrumentele de evaluare și anticipare a competențelor; și 3) suportul specific IMM urilor, pentru dezvoltarea competențelor digitale.
    DOI: 10.1787/e31fc713-ro
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    Artificial Intelligence in Science : Challenges, Opportunities and the Future of Research (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264446212 , 9789264332287 , 9789264928206
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (300 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Wissenschaft ; Forschung ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Development ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The rapid advances of artificial intelligence (AI) in recent years have led to numerous creative applications in science. Accelerating the productivity of science could be the most economically and socially valuable of all the uses of AI. Utilising AI to accelerate scientific productivity will support the ability of OECD countries to grow, innovate and meet global challenges, from climate change to new contagions. This publication is aimed at a broad readership, including policy makers, the public, and stakeholders in all areas of science. It is written in non-technical language and gathers the perspectives of prominent researchers and practitioners. The book examines various topics, including the current, emerging, and potential future uses of AI in science, where progress is needed to better serve scientific advancements, and changes in scientific productivity. Additionally, it explores measures to expedite the integration of AI into research in developing countries. A distinctive contribution is the book’s examination of policies for AI in science. Policy makers and actors across research systems can do much to deepen AI’s use in science, magnifying its positive effects, while adapting to the fast-changing implications of AI for research governance.
    DOI: 10.1787/a8d820bd-en
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    Improving Framework Conditions for the Digital Transformation of Businesses in Kazakhstan (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264483682 , 9789264965935 , 9789264893344
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Улучшение рамочных условий для цифровой трансформации бизнеса в Казахстане
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Infrastrukturpolitik ; Privatwirtschaft ; Kasachstan ; Science and Technology ; Kazakhstan
    Abstract: In recent years, Kazakhstan has developed a comprehensive digital government system and begun to create the legal and regulatory conditions for the digital transformation of the country’s economy. The digitalisation of the private sector requires further improvements in framework conditions, such as reliable access to broadband services, quality and affordability of networks, and digital security for businesses. Based on recent OECD work on digital framework conditions, this report examines the legal and operational environment that is holding back the digital transformation of private firms in Kazakhstan. The report suggests three sets of actions: (1) addressing the remaining Internet quality and connectivity gaps, notably by mobilising the regional public sector to improve the quality and density of networks, and by expanding the inclusion of the private sector in the policy-making process; (2) improving competition in, and the investment attractiveness of, the telecom sector by setting-up an independent national telecom regulator, and by developing a targeted investment attraction strategy to prepare for deployment of next-generation communication networks; and (3) adapting the regulatory and policy framework for firms adapting to new digital challenges and raising their awareness of digital security.
    DOI: 10.1787/368d4d01-en
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    Enhancing the security of communication infrastructure (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (82 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.358
    Keywords: Telekommunikationsnetz ; Datensicherheit ; IT-Sicherheit ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The digital security of communication networks is crucial to the functioning of our societies. Four trends are shaping networks, raising digital security implications: i) the increasing criticality of communication networks, ii) increased virtualisation of networks and use of cloud services, iii) a shift towards more openness in networks and iv) the role of artificial intelligence in networks. These trends bring benefits and challenges to digital security. While digital security ultimately depends on the decisions made by private actors (e.g. network operators and their suppliers), the report underlines the role governments can play to enhance the digital security of communication networks. It outlines key policy objectives and actions governments can take to incentivise the adoption of best practices and support stakeholders to reach an optimal level of digital security, ranging from light-touch to more interventionist approaches.
    DOI: 10.1787/bb608fe5-en
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    G7 Hiroshima Process on Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) : Towards a G7 Common Understanding on Generative AI (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; G7-Staaten ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: In May 2023, G7 Leaders identified topics for discussion in the Hiroshima Artificial Intelligence (AI) Process and called for an early stocktaking of opportunities and challenges related to generative AI. This report presents the results of a questionnaire to G7 members developed to support the stocktaking and help guide G7 discussions on common policy priorities about generative AI. It also provides a brief overview of the development of generative AI over time and across countries. The report and questionnaire results represent a snapshot in time: they are indicative of trends identified in the first half of 2023 in a rapidly evolving area of technology. The report helped inform and structure discussions of the G7 Hiroshima AI Process.
    DOI: 10.1787/bf3c0c60-en
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    Very Large Research Infrastructures : Policy issues and options (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.153
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Very Large Research Infrastructures (VLRIs) are unique, complex undertakings with a strong international dimension that play a critical role in frontier research in most scientific domains. VLRIs require considerable care in their construction and operation, as well as very substantial investments and technological innovations. Recent evolutions in the political, socio-economic and scientific context are challenging their established planning and management models. This policy report identifies and analyses good practices and presents a series of lessons learned regarding the establishment of VLRIs, options for improving their use and operation, as well as more strategic considerations that VLRI managers, funders and decision-makers should take into consideration.
    DOI: 10.1787/2b93187f-en
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    COVID-19, resilience and the interface between science, policy and society (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (87 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.155
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This is the last in a series of three reports that explore how science was mobilised in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The report focuses on system-level issues and highlights challenges and opportunities that are inherent to the organisation of science systems and that need to be addressed to improve the resilience of these systems and their capacity to address complex societal challenges and crises. The analysis is structured around five interconnected themes: the strategic mobilisation of science capacity; managing conflicting priorities; co-ordination and collaboration across levels of governance; transdisciplinary and reflexive science; and dynamic and system-oriented governance. Key areas for intervention and more specific policy actions are identified under each theme and provide a framework for systemic action to strengthen science in support of socio-technological transitions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9ab1fbb7-en
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    Measuring the Internet of Things (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264865181 , 9789264998162 , 9789264477308
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Internet der Dinge ; Innovationsakzeptanz ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report explores the current state of Internet of Things (IoT) adoption and usage in OECD countries among businesses, households, and individuals. It analyzes IoT trends based on semiconductors, patents, venture capital investments, and firms. Additionally, it includes two case studies that examine the implementation of IoT in manufacturing and healthcare.
    DOI: 10.1787/021333b7-en
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    Building a Skilled Cyber Security Workforce in Five Countries : Insights from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom, and United States (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264338395 , 9789264475915 , 9789264854055
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (127 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: IT-Sicherheit ; IT-Berufe ; Bildungspolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; Australien ; Kanada ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; USA ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Australia ; Canada ; New Zealand ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: As societies become increasingly digital, cyber security has become a priority for individuals, companies and nations. The number of cyber attacks is exceeding defence capabilities, and one reason for this is the lack of an adequately skilled cyber security workforce. This report analyses the demand for cyber security professionals in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States using information contained in online job postings. The analysis looks at recent trends in the demand for workers in different types of cyber security roles, the geographical distribution of cyber security job postings, and the changing skill requirements for professionals in this field. The report also looks at the supply side, zooming in on the landscape of cyber security education and training programmes in England (United Kingdom). It describes the different types of programmes provided in further and higher education, the profile of learners in these programmes and their outcomes. Finally, the report also looks at policies and initiatives adopted in England to make cyber security education and training programmes more accessible and relevant. This report is part of a larger initiative examining the evolution of policies and experiences in the cyber security profession around the world.
    DOI: 10.1787/5fd44e6c-en
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    A blueprint for building national compute capacity for artificial intelligence (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.350
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Computer ; Kapazitätsplanung ; Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming economies and promising new opportunities for productivity, growth, and resilience. Countries are responding with national AI strategies to capitalise on these transformations. However, no country today has data on, or a targeted plan for, national AI compute capacity. This policy blind-spot may jeopardise domestic economic goals. This report provides the first blueprint for policy makers to help assess and plan for the national AI compute capacity needed to enable productivity gains and capture AI’s full economic potential. It provides guidance for policy makers on how to develop a national AI compute plan along three dimensions: capacity (availability and use), effectiveness (people, policy, innovation, access), and resilience (security, sovereignty, sustainability). The report also defines AI compute, takes stock of indicators, datasets, and proxies for measuring national AI compute capacity, and identifies obstacles to measuring and benchmarking national AI compute capacity across countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/876367e3-en
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    Přehled o stavu veřejné správy: Česká Republika : Česká republika na cestě k modernější a efektivnější veřejné správě (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264725751
    Language: Czech
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (345 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Public Governance Reviews: Czech Republic: Towards a More Modern and Effective Public Administration
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: Přehled o stavu veřejné správy v České republice identifikuje prioritní oblasti pro reformu veřejné správy v České republice a nabízí doporučení pro posílení efektivity, rychlosti a reakceschopnosti veřejné správy v ČR. Přehled nejprve zprostředkovává pohled na efektivitu veřejné správy a její schopnost řešit současné výzvy v oblastech, jako jsou digitalizace a klimatická změna. Poté analyzuje celou řadu zásadních a prioritních oblastí veřejné správy včetně zapojování občanů, koordinace a strategického plánování vedených z centra vládnutí, informovaného rozhodování (EIDM) ve veřejné správě, veřejné správy na úrovni krajů a obcí, řízení lidských zdrojů ve veřejné správě a využívání elektronických nástrojů veřejné správy. Součástí Přehledu je i případová studie o opatřeních a předpisech v oblasti veřejné správy během pandemie onemocnění covid-19. Přehled o stavu veřejné správy v ČR obsahuje doporučení pro veřejnou správu v ČR, která jí pomohou s uskutečněním a se splněním cílů koncepce rozvoje veřejné správy s názvem Klientsky orientovaná veřejná správa 2030 a v konečném důsledku také s realizací dlouhodobé vize a závazků udržitelného rozvoje.
    DOI: 10.1787/2651546f-cs
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    Consumer vulnerability in the digital age (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (78 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.355
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Konsumentenverhalten ; Social Web ; Verbraucherschutz ; Science and Technology ; Trade
    Abstract: Protecting consumers when they are most vulnerable has long been a core focus of consumer policy. This report first discusses the nature and scale of consumer vulnerability in the digital age, including its evolving conceptualisation, the role of emerging digital trends, and implications for consumer policy. It finds that in the digital age, vulnerability may be experienced not only by some consumers, but increasingly by most, if not all, consumers. Accordingly, it sets out several measures to address the vulnerability of specific consumer groups and all consumers, and concludes with avenues for more research on the topic.
    DOI: 10.1787/4d013cc5-en
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  • 45
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    COVID-19 and policy for science (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (65 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.152
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This is the first in a series of three reports that explore how science was mobilised in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The focus is on policy for science – access to data and information, the role of infrastructures and the interface between academia and industry. The report includes recommendations and options for policy action to improve the resilience of national science systems and their capacity to co-operate internationally in response to crises. The context in each country is different, as illustrated by the many case studies included in the report, and so the priority attached to these recommendations and the specific details of how they might be implemented will vary. They are provided as an overall framework for science policymakers and other actors, including research funders and research providers, to consider.
    DOI: 10.1787/8f86e60b-en
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  • 46
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    Verringerung der Prekarität wissenschaftlicher Laufbahnen (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Reducing the precarity of academic research careers
    Keywords: Wissenschaftler ; Wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs ; Atypische Beschäftigung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Dieser Bericht befasst sich mit wissenschaftlichen Laufbahnen und nimmt dabei insbesondere das „Wissenschaftsprekariat“ in den Blick: Postdokto-rand*innen mit befristeten Verträgen, die keine Aussicht auf Festanstellung oder Weiterbeschäftigung haben. Es werden Maßnahmen und Praktiken aufgezeigt, um die Lebensqualität von Wissenschaftler*innen zu erhöhen, diversere, gerechtere und inklusivere Wissenschaftssysteme zu schaffen, die besten wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchskräfte anzuwerben und zu halten und damit letztlich die Qualität der Forschung zu verbessern. Der Bericht bietet einen konzeptuellen Rahmen und einen Überblick über die verfügbaren Daten und Informationen zu Politikmaßnahmen. Er stützt sich auf eine in OECD-Ländern durchgeführte Erhebung, bestehend aus Ländernotizen und Interviews mit Politikverantwortlichen, Mittelgeber*innen, Vertreter*innen von Forschungseinrichtungen sowie Wissenschaftler*innen. Der Bericht präsentiert Empfehlungen und eine Reihe von Politikoptionen für die Verbesserung der Arbeitsbedingungen und beruflichen Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten, eine stärkere Verknüpfung von Mittelvergabe und Personalpolitik, inklusivere Governance-Strukturen, die Förderung von Chancengleichheit und Diversität, ein besseres Personalmanagement, mehr intersektorale und internationale Mobilität sowie eine breitere Evidenzbasis zu wissenschaftlichen Laufbahnen.
    DOI: 10.1787/f8314967-de
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    Digital Skills for Private Sector Competitiveness in Uzbekistan (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264351011 , 9789264750920 , 9789264505490
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (77 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Развитие цифровых навыков с целью повышения конкурентоспособности частного сектора в Узбекистане
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Qualifikation ; Privatwirtschaft ; Usbekistan ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Since 2019, digital transformation has been a clear policy priority in Uzbekistan. While the country has made significant progress in terms of Internet access, quality and affordability, digital uptake among firms remains low. This lack of digital skills seems to be a limiting factor affecting the digital transformation of business. Based on recent OECD work on digitalisation, this report examines what is holding back the digital upskilling of businesses in Uzbekistan. It suggests three sets of policy actions: (1) developing a supportive institutional framework for the digital uptake of firms; (2) raising firms’ awareness of the importance of acquiring digital and complementary skills; and (3) expanding existing support to digitalise while addressing the gender digital divide.
    DOI: 10.1787/6c54f447-en
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    Explanatory memoranda of the OECD Privacy Guidelines (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.360
    Keywords: Datenschutz ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: The OECD Privacy Guidelines are the first internationally agreed-upon set of privacy principles and are recognized as the global minimum standard for privacy and data protection. They are a solid foundation for building effective protection and trust for individuals, and also for developing common international approaches to transborder data flows. Since their adoption, they have influenced legislation and policy in OECD countries and beyond. This document reproduces the two existing explanatory memoranda that accompany the OECD Privacy Guidelines. The first, published in 1980, was developed alongside the original version of the OECD Privacy Guidelines to help in their interpretation and application. The supplementary Explanatory Memorandum was developed to provide context and rationale for the revisions to the OECD Privacy Guidelines made in 2013.
    DOI: 10.1787/ea4e9759-en
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    The Impact of R&D tax incentives : Results from the OECD microBeRD+ project (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.159
    Keywords: Taxation ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: This document reports on the final output of the OECD microBeRD+ project. Drawing on the outcomes of previous work, this study presents new evidence on the impact of business R&D support policies – tax incentives and direct forms of support – on business R&D investment (R&D input additionality) and the innovation and economic performance of firms (R&D output additionality). The report also provides an exploratory analysis of R&D spillovers.
    DOI: 10.1787/1937ac6b-en
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  • 50
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    Digital Government Review of Latin America and the Caribbean : Building Inclusive and Responsive Public Services (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264503748 , 9789264752412 , 9789264739239
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (233 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Government Studies
    Keywords: E-Government ; Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; Karibischer Raum ; Lateinamerika ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: This report explores how governments in Latin America and the Caribbean can use digital technology and data to foster responsiveness, resilience and proactiveness in the public sector. This report looks at governance frameworks, digital government capabilities, data-driven public sector, public service design and delivery, and digital innovation in the public sector. It identifies trends, challenges, strengths, and opportunities for cross-border collaboration and provides policy recommendations to achieve an efficient and sustainable digital transformation of governments across the region.
    DOI: 10.1787/29f32e64-en
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    Building a Skilled Cyber Security Workforce in Latin America : Insights from Chile, Colombia and Mexico (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264392083 , 9789264433953 , 9789264946637
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (111 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: IT-Berufe ; Datensicherheit ; IT-Kriminalität ; Qualifikation ; Fachkräfte ; Lateinamerika ; Kolumbien ; Mexiko ; Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Chile ; Colombia ; Mexico
    Abstract: As societies become increasingly digital, the importance of cyber security has grown significantly for individuals, companies, and nations. The rising number of cyber attacks surpasses the existing defense capabilities, partly due to a shortage of skilled cyber security professionals. This report delves into the analysis of the demand for cyber security experts in Latin America, using information from online job postings in Chile, Colombia, and Mexico. The analysis investigates recent trends in job demand for various cyber security roles, the geographical distribution of cyber security job postings, and the evolving skill requirements in this field. Additionally, the report focuses on the supply side by examining the landscape of cyber security education and training programmes in Colombia. It explores the different types of programmes offered in vocational and higher education, the characteristics of learners enrolled in these programmes, and their outcomes. Lastly, the report examines policies and initiatives implemented in Colombia to enhance the accessibility and relevance of cyber security education and training programmes. This report is part of a broader initiative that examines the evolution of policies and experiences in the cyber security profession around the world.
    DOI: 10.1787/9400ab5c-en
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    Labour and Skills Demand in Alberta : Insights Using Big Data Intelligence (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264569508 , 9789264455870 , 9789264655485
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarkt ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitsnachfrage ; Alberta ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Canada
    Abstract: This report examines Alberta's labour market trends, focusing on the impact of economic downturns, the COVID-19 crisis, and digital transformation. This study uses real-time labour market data, drawn from online job postings, to offer a granular perspective on demand dynamics across various sectors and occupations. The analysis in the report identifies emerging labour shortages in Alberta due to mega-trends such as digitalisation, AI adoption, automation, and population ageing and discusses key challenges such as youth unemployment and sector-specific labour shortages. The analysis in this report provides insights for policy makers, suggesting a need to support growing sectors, enhance digital skills development, address demand for health workers, and improve youth job access.
    DOI: 10.1787/659ce346-en
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    OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Korea 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264568969 , 9789264373280 , 9789264405318
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (315 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Südkorea ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: The "Miracle on the River Han" catapulted Korea from developing country to a prosperous economy, driven in part by advancements in science, technology, and innovation. Being the second-highest R&D spender among OECD economies, Korea excels in key technologies, including semiconductors, 6G, and ICT infrastructure. Despite this remarkable progress, disparities remain between SMEs and chaebols, manufacturing and services, ICT and non-ICT industries, and urban and rural areas. Korea also grapples with societal and economic vulnerabilities, including an aging population, a significant carbon footprint, limited renewable energy use, and pronounced gender inequality. To further seize opportunities for equitable and inclusive growth, Korea must foster a shared national vision to develop science, technology, and innovation to address societal issues, enhance R&D policy implementation, promote excellent research, further internationalise, and broaden technology diffusion.
    DOI: 10.1787/bdcf9685-en
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    Harnessing "New Space" for Sustainable Growth of the Space Economy (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Raumfahrt ; Weltraumtechnik ; Raumfahrtpolitik ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: "New space", characterised by new commercial players bringing cutting-edge business techniques and funding methods to space activities, has brought disruptive innovation and democratised access to space. But there also reasons for concern, as this has led to an intensified use of the orbital environment, creating more congestion and debris. Furthermore, the vitality of the "new space" ecosystem is under threat from economic shocks and market entrenchment. This G20 background paper examines the emergence of the "new space" ecosystem over the last 15 years, its impact on the space sector and society at large and the role of governments in ensuring sustained and sustainable growth of the sector. The paper provides a definition of "new space" activities to better target policy responses and suggests policy options to address these challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/a67b1a1c-en
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    Review of the OECD Recommendation on Cross-Border Co-operation in the Enforcement of Laws Protecting Privacy (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (49 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.359
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report assesses the continued relevance of the OECD Recommendation on Cross-Border Co-operation in the Enforcement of Laws Protecting Privacy, originally adopted in 2007. It examines whether the Recommendation has kept pace with the evolving needs of Privacy Enforcement Authorities (PEAs) in light of significant technological and legal changes over the past 15 years. While the principles underlying the Recommendation are seen to remain solid, the report highlights several gaps and challenges for cross-border enforcement co-operation. It concludes that the OECD could either provide additional guidance to support the implementation of the Recommendation or consider revising it to better address current challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/67774f69-en
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    Advancing accountability in AI : Governing and managing risks throughout the lifecycle for trustworthy AI (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.349
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Produktlebenszyklus ; Lebenszyklus ; Risiko ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report presents research and findings on accountability and risk in AI systems by providing an overview of how risk-management frameworks and the AI system lifecycle can be integrated to promote trustworthy AI. It also explores processes and technical attributes that can facilitate the implementation of values-based principles for trustworthy AI and identifies tools and mechanisms to define, assess, treat, and govern risks at each stage of the AI system lifecycle. This report leverages OECD frameworks – including the OECD AI Principles, the AI system lifecycle, and the OECD framework for classifying AI systems – and recognised risk-management and due-diligence frameworks like the ISO 31000 risk-management framework, the OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Business Conduct, and the US National Institute of Standards and Technology’s AI risk-management framework.
    DOI: 10.1787/2448f04b-en
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    Cadre d'action de l'OCDE sur la sécurité numérique : La cybersécurité pour la prospérité (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Policy Framework on Digital Security: Cybersecurity for Prosperity
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Le Cadre d'action de l'OCDE sur la sécurité numérique aborde la dimension économique et sociale de la cybersécurité, souligne l'approche de l'OCDE en matière de politiques publiques de sécurité numérique, et permet aux décideurs d'utiliser les Recommandations de l'OCDE dans ce domaine. Le Cadre identifie également les liens entre les normes de sécurité numérique et d'autres normes et outils de l'OCDE. L'OCDE est à l'avant-garde des efforts internationaux pour guider les décideurs dans le domaine des politiques publiques de sécurité numérique depuis 1990. L'OCDE est devenue la première instance internationale normalisatrice dans ce domaine. Les Recommandations de l'OCDE sur la sécurité numérique soutiennent les parties prenantes dans l'élaboration de politiques visant la prospérité économique et sociale, en accord avec la mission de l'OCDE d'aider les gouvernements à élaborer des "politiques meilleures pour des vies meilleures".
    DOI: 10.1787/a0517600-fr
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    Promoting Digital Business Skills in the Republic of Moldova (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264729834
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (82 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Promovarea competențelor digitale de afaceri în Republica Moldova
    Keywords: Digitale Kompetenz ; Qualifikation ; Bildungspolitik ; Moldawien ; Science and Technology ; Moldova, Republic of
    Abstract: The Republic of Moldova (Moldova hereafter) has made digitalisation a policy priority. The country is currently preparing its Digital Transformation Strategy 2023-30, which will emphasise digital literacy, as well as digital business skills, with a view to improving private sector competitiveness. Digitalisation has already brought significant benefits to Moldova, where ICT has been one of the most dynamic sectors over the past years; yet Moldovan firms in non IT sectors remain at the beginning of their digitalisation journey. Skills shortages are a major barrier in that regard, particularly affecting SMEs who encounter more difficulties in attracting and retaining skilled workers, as well as up skilling or reskilling their workforces. Building on previous OECD work on digitalisation policies, the OECD provided guidance to Moldova throughout 2022 on how to build a conducive ecosystem and set the right policies to further advance the development and uptake of digital business skills among SMEs. This report presents an overview of those issues, looking at 1) the institutional and policy framework; 2) skills assessment and anticipation tools; and 3) SME specific support for digital skills development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9d35a60f-en
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    AI language models : Technological, socio-economic and policy considerations (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.352
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Sprachverarbeitung ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: AI language models are a key component of natural language processing (NLP), a field of artificial intelligence (AI) focused on enabling computers to understand and generate human language. Language models and other NLP approaches involve developing algorithms and models that can process, analyse and generate natural language text or speech trained on vast amounts of data using techniques ranging from rule-based approaches to statistical models and deep learning. The application of language models is diverse and includes text completion, language translation, chatbots, virtual assistants and speech recognition. This report offers an overview of the AI language model and NLP landscape with current and emerging policy responses from around the world. It explores the basic building blocks of language models from a technical perspective using the OECD Framework for the Classification of AI Systems. The report also presents policy considerations through the lens of the OECD AI Principles.
    DOI: 10.1787/13d38f92-en
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    Public research funding in Sweden : Optimising the system in response to multiple demands (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.148
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Sweden
    Abstract: This report provides input to a national review of the public research funding system in Sweden. It is designed to inform a broader dialogue that is taking place amongst different research stakeholders in Sweden. The report contains proposals and options for changes for Swedish public funding of research and innovation to effectively promote research excellence, support innovation and respond to societal needs. These proposals are supported by relevant international examples. The analysis takes into account insights from the OECD review of innovation policy in Sweden in 2016 and recent OECD work on different aspects of public research funding and research infrastructure.
    DOI: 10.1787/9eb9a85b-en
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    Production transformation policy review of Bangladesh : investing in the future of a trading nation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264776869 , 9789264706255 , 9789264479456
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 139 Seiten)
    Series Statement: OECD development pathways
    Keywords: Productive Capacities ; Structural Transformation ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Bangladesh ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Half a century after independence, Bangladesh has achieved impressive progress. The country has transformed from one of the poorest nations into a global textile manufacturing hub capable of meeting its medical needs almost entirely through domestic pharmaceutical production. The country will graduate from the least developed country (LDC) category in 2026 and aspires to be a high-income nation through industrialisation by 2041. Meeting this challenge requires accelerating economic transformation through diversification and innovation. This Production Transformation Policy Review (PTPR), implemented with the support and collaboration of the European Union (EU), and in partnership with the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), identifies concrete options for supporting Bangladesh's development. It calls for leveraging digitalisation to address persistent fragilities and it advocates for a new pact based on shared responsibilities between the national government, the private sector and international partners to shift to a new development phase and ensure sustainable, smooth and irreversible graduation.
    DOI: 10.1787/8b925b06-en
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Did COVID-19 accelerate the green transition? : An international assessment of fiscal spending measures to support low-carbon technologies (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Briefs no.1
    Keywords: Economics ; Energy ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Stimulus packages adopted following the COVID-19 pandemic – such as the US Inflation Reduction Act and NextGenerationEU - have been presented as an opportunity to "build back better" and accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy while re-igniting the economy. But this revival of industrial policy has also raised concerns about the potential for a global green subsidy war. OECD analysed funding measures worth USD 1.3 trillion announced around the world in 2020-21 to support development and diffusion of low-carbon technologies. These measures can trigger substantial greenhouse gas emissions reductions while boosting the growth of the clean tech sector in all regions and reducing dependence over fossil fuel imports. This policy brief summarises key findings from our analysis and offers additional recommendations to policymakers.
    DOI: 10.1787/29bd5a72-en
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    Stocktaking for the development of an AI incident definition (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.4
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Risiko ; Definition ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) offers tremendous benefits but also poses risks. Some of these risks have materialised into what are known as "AI incidents". Due to the widespread use of AI in various sectors, a surge in such incidents can be expected. To effectively monitor and prevent these risks, stakeholders need a precise yet adaptable definition of AI incidents. This report presents research and findings on terminology and practices related to incident definitions, encompassing both AI-specific and cross-disciplinary contexts. It establishes a knowledge base for identifying commonalities and encouraging the development of AI-specific adaptations in the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/c323ac71-en
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  • 64
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    Transparency reporting on child sexual exploitation and abuse online (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (170 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.357
    Keywords: Kinderschutz ; Sexuelle Belästigung ; Kriminalitätsbekämpfung ; Digitale Plattform ; Prävention ; Transparenz ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report provides an overview of the policies and procedures for addressing child sexual exploitation and abuse (CSEA) material across the global top-50 online content-sharing services. It finds that only 10 of the 50 services define CSEA with sufficient detail to understand what is prohibited on their services, and only 20 of the services issue a transparency report on CSEA. Even among those services, there are significant variations in what behaviour is captured in their definitions, and the metrics, methodology and frequency of transparency reports differ across platforms. While good practices exist, the report reveals a fragmented response to this complex and evolving problem, which limits comparability and makes it challenging to conduct a thorough assessment of the overall impact of platforms' efforts to combat CSEA.
    DOI: 10.1787/554ad91f-en
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    Promoting diverse career pathways for doctoral and postdoctoral researchers (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.158
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report analyses the career options of doctoral and postdoctoral researchers. It identifies policies and practices to promote diverse careers, flexible career trajectories and ultimately better-quality research and innovation across different economic and social sectors. The report presents a conceptual framework and synthesis of available data and policy information. It offers recommendations and a set of policy options to: promote engagement and interaction with employers outside academia; provide researchers with experience and skills for diverse careers; encourage valorisation of diverse career options; support career development and guidance for researchers; promote inter-sectoral mobility; and, reconfigure and support careers in academia.
    DOI: 10.1787/dc21227a-en
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    Country Digital Education Ecosystems and Governance : A Companion to Digital Education Outlook 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264651821 , 9789264484887 , 9789264367463
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (332 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Education ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report, linked with the Digital Education Outlook 2023, provides an overview of 29 countries’ (or jurisdictions') digital education ecosystem and governance. Each chapter covers the devolution of responsibilities within countries; how it affects digital education; what digital tools for management and teaching and learning are made publicly available to schools, teachers and students; how they are provided or procured; how countries ensure the security, privacy, equity and effectiveness of this digital ecosystem while keeping incentives for private education technology (EdTech) companies. The information and analysis are based on a survey on digital education infrastructure and governance, interviews with national and regional government officials as well as desk-based research. Providing for the first time a holistic view of 29 countries’ and jurisdictions' digital education ecosystem and governance, this report will be of interest to policy makers, academics and education stakeholders interested in the digital transformation of education at home and internationally.
    DOI: 10.1787/906134d4-en
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    ロシアの対ウクライナ侵略戦争と虚偽情報 (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Disinformation and Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine: Threats and governance responses
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Ukraine
    Abstract: ロシア政府は、対ウクライナ攻撃に組織的な情報操作と虚偽情報を作戦ツールとして利用している。 ロシア政府と連携した関係者による虚偽情報の拡散と、それに対するウクライナ政府、同盟国政府、国際機関の行動からは、虚偽や誤解を招くコンテンツにどう対抗するかという重要な視点と教訓が得られる。
    DOI: 10.1787/105bd7b2-ja
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    Construyendo mejores sociedades a través de las políticas digitales : Documento de referencia para la conferencia ministerial del CDEP (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Bâtir des sociétés meilleures grâce aux politiques du numérique : Document de référence destiné à la Réunion ministérielle du CPEN
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Building better societies through digital policy: Background paper for the CDEP Ministerial meeting
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: La construcción de sociedades más equitativas, conectadas, cohesionadas y sostenibles ocupa un lugar destacado en las agendas políticas, pero hay varios obstáculos que se interponen en la consecución de este objetivo. El informe se centra en tres retos clave a los que se enfrentan los responsables políticos en la consecución de mejores sociedades: reducir las brechas digitales, combatir los contenidos nocivos en línea y aprovechar eficazmente las tecnologías digitales para luchar contra el cambio climático y otros problemas medioambientales. Este informe proporciona información sobre las tendencias clave en los países de la OCDE y las economías asociadas, y ofrece acciones políticas que pueden ayudar a los responsables de la toma de decisiones a abordar estos tres desafíos críticos, junto con una mejor evaluación. El informe se basa en trabajos anteriores sobre el tema y pretende informar futuros debates y discusiones sobre cómo garantizar que las divisiones, los prejuicios y las desigualdades actuales no se perpetúen en el futuro.
    DOI: 10.1787/34617e02-es
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    The future of science in Ukraine : Actions now will affect post-war recovery (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Keywords: Wissenschaft ; Forschung ; Brain Drain ; Kriegsfolgen ; Ukraine ; Science and Technology ; Ukraine
    Abstract: This policy response reflects on how policy actions can shape the future of Ukraine’s science system and contribute to post-war recovery. It draws on several OECD indicators and highlights the challenge of “brain drain” as a structural problem that is aggravated by Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. It then makes the case for international co-ordination on talent circulation and exchange to prevent the irreversible loss of scientific expertise for key industries and the education of future generations in Ukraine. The policy response further argues that OECD countries can put in place new and strengthened scientific relationships with Ukraine, while also implementing temporary measures to assist both displaced scientists and those remaining in their posts under very challenging conditions.
    DOI: 10.1787/afbd05df-en
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    Placer l’humain au cœur de la transformation numérique : Document de référence destiné à la Réunion ministérielle du CPEN (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.339
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Putting people first in digital transformation: Background paper for the CDEP Ministerial meeting
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Las personas primero en la transformación digital : Documento de referencia para la Conferencia ministerial del CDEP
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: La transformation numérique touche tous les aspects de notre vie, mettant à notre disposition de nouveaux espaces et de nouveaux outils pour communiquer, travailler, consommer et jouir de nos droits. Elle offre une multitude de possibilités, dans le champ économique et social, mais comporte également des risques nouveaux et complexes. Par conséquent, un environnement numérique émancipateur et sûr qui place l’humain au cœur de la transformation numérique est un objectif d’action crucial à l’ère actuelle. À travers une famille fictive qui se fraie un chemin entre ces opportunités et ces risques, ce document donne à voir comment la transformation numérique nous touche individuellement, que ce soit en tant que citoyens, consommateurs ou travailleurs. Nous y trouverons une présentation générale de l’environnement réglementaire ainsi qu’une description des efforts internationaux, multipartites et nuancés nécessaires pour parvenir à concilier des droits, intérêts et valeurs différents. Comme référence pour la Réunion ministérielle du Comité de la politique de l’économie numérique de 2022, ce document apporte des éléments d’information utiles pour aider les responsables politiques dans la conception et l’accomplissement d’une transformation numérique centrée sur l’humain.
    DOI: 10.1787/a4754259-fr
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    Rights in the digital age : Challenges and ways forward (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.347
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: As our online and offline lives become increasingly interwoven, policy makers have to consider how to protect individual interests and rights. This paper considers the impact of digital transformation on internationally recognised human rights, legal and constitutional rights, and domestically protected interests. It sets out three case studies, freedom of expression, privacy and Internet access, and provides a brief overview of current international and domestic initiatives to protect "rights in the digital age". The paper sets the scene for further discussion on the issue and supports policy makers in designing and achieving a rights-oriented and human-centric digital transformation.
    DOI: 10.1787/deb707a8-en
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    Bâtir des sociétés meilleures grâce aux politiques du numérique : Document de référence destiné à la Réunion ministérielle du CPEN (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.338
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Building better societies through digital policy: Background paper for the CDEP Ministerial meeting
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Construyendo mejores sociedades a través de las políticas digitales : Documento de referencia para la conferencia ministerial del CDEP
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Construire des sociétés plus équitables, connectées, cohésives et durables figure en tête des priorités politiques, mais plusieurs défis se dressent sur la voie de la réalisation de cet objectif. Le rapport se concentre sur trois défis clés auxquels les décideurs sont confrontés dans la quête de sociétés meilleures : combler les fractures numériques, lutter contre les contenus préjudiciables diffusés en ligne et utiliser efficacement les technologies numériques pour lutter contre le changement climatique et d'autres problèmes environnementaux. Ce rapport donne un aperçu des tendances clés dans les pays de l'OCDE et les économies partenaires, et propose des actions politiques qui peuvent aider les décideurs à aborder ces trois défis critiques, ainsi qu'une meilleure mesure. Le rapport s'appuie sur des travaux antérieurs sur le sujet et vise à éclairer le débat et la discussion sur la manière de garantir que les fractures, biais et inégalités d'aujourd'hui ne se perpétueront pas à l'avenir.
    DOI: 10.1787/87374dde-fr
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    Exploiter la puissance de l’IA et des technologies émergentes : Document de référence destiné à la Réunion ministérielle du CPEN (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.340
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Aprovechando el poder de la IA y las tecnologías emergentes : Documento de referencia para la Conferencia ministerial del CDEP
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Harnessing the power of AI and emerging technologies: Background paper for the CDEP Ministerial meeting
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: L’IA et les technologies émergentes sont formidablement porteuses de bien-être, de productivité, de croissance et de solutions aux impératifs sociétaux. Elles n’en soulèvent pas moins des risques pour les droits humains, l'équité et l'agentivité humaine, entre autres exemples. Nombre de pays admettent la nécessité de se doter de politiques tournées vers l’avenir et d'adapter les cadres de gouvernance de façon à ne pas être à la traîne et à profiter des avantages technologiques pour un risque minimum. Le présent rapport s’inscrit dans le prolongement des vastes travaux que l’OCDE consacre aux questions de l’IA, de la gouvernance des données et de la connectivité afin d’accompagner au mieux les responsables de l’élaboration des politiques. Soulignant l’importance de coopérer à l’échelle internationale pour garantir la fiabilité des technologies émergentes, ses auteurs prônent l’établissement d'une conception commune de l’intelligence artificielle et des technologies émergentes, la mutualisation des bonnes pratiques et la création d'un socle factuel afin que les politiques soient conçues, mises en œuvre et évaluées sur la base d’informations précises.
    DOI: 10.1787/7781a262-fr
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    Building back a better innovation ecosystem in Ukraine (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (9 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Keywords: Education ; Science and Technology ; Ukraine
    Abstract: Russia’s aggression against Ukraine is aggravating the long-term trend of R&D under-investment in Ukraine, as well as accelerating brain drain. In the reconstruction period, science, technology and innovation have the potential to contribute to the societal transformation of Ukraine, feeding into an innovation-centric industrial strategy, which also includes developing linkages with selected parts of the academic sector, which should themselves be strengthened to serve that purpose. It can also significantly contribute to Ukraine’s green transition, through stimulation of grassroots entrepreneurship in co-creation with academia, in particular on the basis of Ukraine’s small but excellent scientific production in the areas of environmental and planetary sciences. The brief provides specific policy recommendations which can help policy makers address the binding constraints towards the attainment of these goals.
    DOI: 10.1787/85a624f6-en
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    Perspectives de l'OCDE sur l'éducation numérique 2021 : Repousser les frontières avec l'IA, la blockchain et les robots (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264998643 , 9789264407640 , 9789264513143
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (279 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Digital Education Outlook 2021: Pushing the Frontiers with Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain and Robots
    Keywords: Education ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: De quelle manière les technologies numériques, et en particulier les technologies intelligentes utilisant l’intelligence artificielle (IA), l'analyse des données de l'apprentissage, la robotique et autres, peuvent-elles transformer l'éducation ? Ce livre explore cette question. Il se concentre sur la manière dont les technologies intelligentes modifient actuellement l'enseignement en classe et la gestion des organisations et systèmes éducatifs. Cette publication plonge au cœur des usages bénéfiques des technologies intelligentes telles que la personnalisation de l’apprentissage, le soutien aux élèves ayant des besoins spécifiques et l’accréditation des diplômes en blockchain. Elle s’intéresse également aux défis et aux domaines de recherche futurs. Les résultats offrent des pistes aux enseignants, aux décideurs publics et aux institutions d’enseignement pour numériser l’éducation tout en optimisant l’équité et l’inclusion.
    DOI: 10.1787/d5fe6bd0-fr
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    Catalizadores digitales de la economía mundial : Documento de referencia para la Conferencia ministerial del CDEP (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Digital enablers of the global economy: Background paper for the CDEP Ministerial meeting
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les leviers numériques de l’économie mondiale : Document de référence destiné à la Réunion ministérielle du CPEN
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Las tecnologías digitales han transformado la economía mundial. Este documento analiza tres catalizadores digitales subyacentes de la economía así como los retos que estos plantean a los responsables de la formulación de políticas: (1) las plataformas en línea, que apoyan las transacciones e interacciones mundiales, pero que también están alterando los marcos existentes de la política del consumidor y de la competencia; (2) los flujos de datos transfronterizos, que facilitan el comercio y la cooperación mundiales, pero que también amplifican las preocupaciones políticas que han motivado a los países a imponer condiciones a estos flujos de datos; y (3) la seguridad digital, que debería ser prioritaria para incorporar la confianza en la economía digital, pero que a menudo ha quedado en segundo plano debido a las asimetrías de conocimiento en los mercados. Dado que todos estos retos son de naturaleza internacional, se necesita una respuesta global para abordarlos. La OCDE está bien posicionada para fomentar la cooperación internacional en torno a estos catalizadores digitales y apoyar las ambiciones de los países en materia de marcos globales para las políticas digitales.
    DOI: 10.1787/eaf5082e-es
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    Les leviers numériques de l’économie mondiale : Document de référence destiné à la Réunion ministérielle du CPEN (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.337
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Digital enablers of the global economy: Background paper for the CDEP Ministerial meeting
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Catalizadores digitales de la economía mundial : Documento de referencia para la Conferencia ministerial del CDEP
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Les technologies numériques ont transformé l’économie globale. Le présent document étudie trois leviers numériques qui sous-tendent l’économie ainsi que les défis et les possibilités qu’ils induisent pour les responsables de l’action publique : (1) les plateformes en ligne, qui abritent les interactions et les transactions mais suscitent également des inquiétudes en termes de concurrence et de protection des consommateurs ; (2) les flux transfrontières de données, qui facilitent les échange internationaux mais sont aussi synonymes de préoccupations accrues pour les pouvoirs publics, les poussant à prendre des mesures politiques pour les conditionner; et (3) la sécurité numérique, qui devrait être prioritisée pour intégrer la confiance dans l’économie numérique, mais qui est souvent au second plan en raison de l’asymétrie d’information sur le marché. Ces défis ont une portée internationale et nécessitent donc une réponse politique à l’échelle mondiale. L’OCDE est bien placée pour favoriser la coopération internationale pour ces leviers numériques et aider les pays à assouvir leur ambition pour des cadres d’action mondiaux en matière de numérique.
    DOI: 10.1787/97fbc441-fr
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    Identifying the Main Drivers of Productivity Growth : A Literature Review (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264575561 , 9789264505896 , 9789264861558
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Produktivität ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Coronavirus ; Messung ; Bibliometrie ; OECD-Staaten ; Asien ; Education ; Economics ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Governance
    Abstract: This report represents the second outcome of the collaboration between the Asian Productivity Organization (APO) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to improve the measurement and analysis of productivity developments across APO and OECD member economies. The report discusses the potential impact of COVID-19 on productivity and examines the role of Multifactor Productivity (MFP) as a major driver of economic growth and changes in living standards. It then identifies the most important factors influencing MFP growth and describes the most important challenges affecting the measurement of each of these factors as well as the estimation of their impact on MFP. The report provides key recommendations to improve the reliability and interpretation of the empirical evidence for economic analysis.
    DOI: 10.1787/00435b80-en
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    Research and Development Statistics: Government budget allocations for R&D (Edition 2022) (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The Government budget allocations for R&D includes statistics on Government appropriations or outlays of R&D by socio-economic objective (SEO), using the NABS 2007 classification i.e: exploration and exploitation of the earth, environment, exploration and exploitation of space, transport, telecommunication and other infrastructures, energy, industrial production and technology, health, agriculture, education, culture, recreation, religion and mass media, political and social systems, structures and processes, general advancement of knowledge: R&D financed from General University Funds (GUF), General advancement of knowledge: R&D financed from sources other than GUF, Defence. Data are presented from 1981 onwards and expressed in units of expenditure in million of national currency, million of dollars in constant prices as well as current prices.
    DOI: 10.1787/86ec8655-en
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    Broadband database (Edition 2022) (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Telecommunications and Internet Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The broadband database on information and communication technology (ICT) contains indicators on wireless and fixed broadband usage, access and diffusion to OECD households, individuals and businesses.
    DOI: 10.1787/dc2d97f8-en
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    Research and Development Statistics: Business enterprise R-D expenditure by industry - ISIC Rev. 4 (Edition 2022) (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Business enterprise R-D expenditure by industry presents research and development (R&D) expenditure statistics performed in the business enterprise sector by industry according to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) revision 4.
    DOI: 10.1787/d9e50d92-en
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    Research and Development Statistics: R-D personnel by sector of employment and occupation (Edition 2022) (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: R-D personnel by sector of employment and occupation contain research and development (RD) personnel statistics. Number of R&D personnel is provided in both headcounts and full-time equivalent on RD by sex, sector of employment (business enterprise, government, higher education, and private non-profit) and by occupation (researchers, technicians and other support staff). Data are presented from 1981 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/a7de672d-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 83
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    Research and Development Statistics: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD (Edition 2022) (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    DOI: 10.1787/204c03f4-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 84
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    ICT Access and Usage by Households and Individuals (Edition 2022) (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Telecommunications and Internet Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The ICT Access and Usage by Households and Individuals database provides a selection of 78 indicators, based on the of 2nd revision of the OECD Model Survey on ICT Access and Usage by Households and Individuals. The selected indicators originate from two sources: 1. An OECD data collection on the following OECD and accession countries: Australia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Israel, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand and the United States. Data collection methodology followed by these countries is available in each respective country metadata file. 2. Eurostat Statistics on Households and Individuals for the OECD countries that are part of the European Statistical system. For those countries, indicators shown in this database refer to the original indicator as published by EUROSTAT -see the correspondence table-. Please refer to Eurostat methodology to access the methodological information. For all countries, breakdowns used correspond to those of EUROSTAT, unless otherwise stated in the metadata.
    DOI: 10.1787/5d013925-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 85
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    Research and Development Statistics: Gross domestic expenditure on R-D by sector of performance and source of funds (Edition 2022) (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Gross domestic expenditure on R-D by sector of performance and source of funds contains research and development (R&D) expenditure statistics. Data include gross domestic R&D expenditure by sector of performance (business enterprise, government, higher education, private non-profit, and total intramural) and by source of funds (business enterprise, government - including public general university funds -, higher education, private non-profit and funds from abroad - including funds from enterprises and other funds from abroad). Data are presented from 1981 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/0b19e1ab-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 86
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    Research and Development Statistics: Business enterprise R-D expenditure by size class and by source of funds - ISIC Rev 3 (Edition 2022) (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Business enterprise R-D expenditure by size class and by source of funds comprises statistics on research and development (R&D) expenditure performed in the business enterprise sector. Data include total business enterprise intramural expenditure on R&D by size class and source of funds including funds from abroad, business enterprise, private non-profit, sub-total government. Data are presented from 1998 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/aa8fa106-en
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  • 87
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    OECD Handbook on Measuring the Space Economy, 2nd Edition (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264671157 , 9789264923485 , 9789264632097
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Much has changed in the space economy over the past decade, with an ever-growing number of countries and business enterprises involved in space activities. Despite progress made in the quality and availability of data, the international comparability of space economy statistics remains limited. A decade after its first publication, it is therefore time to provide an up-to-date revision of the OECD Handbook on Measuring the Space Economy to reflect the changing landscape of space activities, space technologies and subsequent evolving user needs. This new edition aims to encourage and facilitate data collection among both incumbents and new actors involved in space activities, respond to the needs of the public agencies that still fund the bulk of space programmes, and support industry and private decision-takers who will also benefit from improved statistics on the space economy.
    DOI: 10.1787/8bfef437-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 88
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    Main Science and Technology Indicators (Edition 2022) (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Main Science and Technology provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of the efforts undertaken by OECD Member countries and selected non-member economies in the field of Science and Technology from 1981 onwards. Indicators cover resources devoted to research and development (R&D), researchers, patent families, technology balance of payments and international trade in highly R&D-intensive industries.
    DOI: 10.1787/2e2e1820-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 89
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    ICT Access and Use by Businesses (Edition 2022) (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Telecommunications and Internet Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The ICT Access and Usage by Businesses database provides a selection of 42 indicators, based on the 2nd revision of the OECD Model Survey on ICT Access and Usage by Businesses. The selected indicators originate from two sources: 1. An OECD data collection on the following OECD and accession countries: Australia, Canada, Colombia, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, Switzerland and the United States. Data collection methodology followed by these countries is available in each respective country metadata file. 2. Eurostat Statistics on Businesses for the OECD countries that are part of the European Statistical system. For those countries, indicators shown in this database refer to the original indicator as published by EUROSTAT -see the correspondence table-. Please refer to Eurostat methodology to access the methodological information. For all countries, breakdowns used correspond to those of EUROSTAT, unless otherwise stated in the metadata.
    DOI: 10.1787/704fef0f-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 90
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    STAN R&D: Research and development expenditure in industry - ISIC Rev. 4 (Edition 2022) (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: STAN: OECD Structural Analysis Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This table presents comprehensive and internationally comparable time-series on industrial R&D expenditures broken down in up to 100 manufacturing and services sectors in ISIC Revision 4 for OECD countries and selected non-member economies, from 1987 onwards. Compatible with those used in other OECD databases, the industry list now covers a number of service and technological sectors of interest. OECD estimates adjust for deficiencies and anomalies in the official data.
    DOI: 10.1787/005234ae-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 91
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    Research and Development Statistics: R-D expenditure by sector of performance and type of R-D (Edition 2022) (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The R&D expenditure by sector of performance and type of R&D table comprises statistics on current domestic R&D and gross domestic R&D expenditures by sector of performance (business enterprise, government, higher education, private non-profit, and total intramural) and by type of R&D within each sector (basic research, applied research, experimental development, non-specified, and total activity) as well as type of costs incurred (sub-totals current costs, total costs). Data are presented from 1981 onwards and are expressed in terms of units of expenditure such as million nationa currency, million dollars in constant prices as well as million dollars in current prices.
    DOI: 10.1787/a69b1c3a-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 92
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    Research and Development Statistics: Gross domestic expenditure on R-D by sector of performance and field of science (Edition 2022) (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This table contains research and development (R&D) expenditure statistics on gross domestic R&D expenditure by sector of performance (business enterprise, government, higher education, private non-profit, and total intramural) and by field of science (natural sciences, engineering, medical sciences, agricultural sciences, social sciences, and humanities). Data are covering the years 1981 to 2009.
    DOI: 10.1787/68c1cc94-en
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  • 93
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    Research and Development Statistics: R&D personnel in the business enterprise sector by main activity (Edition 2022) (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This table presents research and development (R&D) statistics on personnel in the business enterprise sector. Measured in full-time equivalent are the number of total R&D personnel and researchers in the business enterprise sector by industry according to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) revision 4. Data at the industry level are presented from 2000, first year from which some countries converted their data from ISIC rev.3.1 to the current ISIC rev. 4 classification.
    DOI: 10.1787/54160805-en
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  • 94
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    Interagency Coordination in Economic Crime Investigations in Latvia (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264692732 , 9789264720893 , 9789264351639
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Wirtschaftskriminalität ; Kriminalitätsbekämpfung ; Kriminalpolitik ; Lettland ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Latvia
    Abstract: Economic and financial crimes are growing in numbers, complexity and reach, making them increasingly difficult to investigate and successfully prosecute. This report details efforts in Latvia to strengthen its criminal justice system against financial and economic crimes. It highlights the range of challenges common to numerous jurisdictions, and describes progress made in Latvia to address these challenges through interagency cooperation mechanisms. Finally, it provides recommendations for areas requiring further attention.
    DOI: 10.1787/79d844e6-en
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  • 95
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    Un chemin court et sinueux jusqu'à 2030 : Mesurer la distance à parcourir pour atteindre les cibles des ODD (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les synthèses de l’OCDE sur le bien-être, l’inclusion et l’égalité des chances no.5
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The short and winding road to 2030: Measuring distance to the SDG targets
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: L'Agenda 2030 pour le développement durable est un ensemble d'objectifs et de cibles qui visent à transformer notre monde dans le sens de la durabilité. Alors qu'il reste moins d'une décennie pour atteindre ces objectifs, la zone OCDE dans son ensemble n'a atteint ou n'est sur le point d'atteindre qu'un quart des objectifs. Cette synthèse explore les principales conclusions de notre rapport Un chemin court et sinueux jusqu’à 2030 : Mesurer la distance à parcourir pour atteindre les cibles des ODD qui examine la lenteur des progrès réalisés par les pays de l'OCDE pour atteindre de nombreuses cibles des ODD et souligne la nécessité d'actions politiques fortes pour réaliser l'ensemble de l'Agenda 2030. Favoriser l'inclusion, inverser la baisse à long terme de la confiance des citoyens dans les institutions et répondre aux pressions environnementales croissantes sont quelques-uns des domaines clés sur lesquels les pays de l'OCDE doivent se concentrer pour progresser davantage.
    DOI: 10.1787/71f2e2c0-fr
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  • 96
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    Research and Development Statistics: R-D personnel by sector of employment and qualification (Edition 2022) (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This table presents research and development (R&D) personnel statistics. Number of R&D personnel is provided in headcounts and/or full-time equivalent on R&D by sex, sector of employment (business enterprise, government, higher education, and private non-profit) and by formal qualification (university and other diplomas by ISCED classification).Data are presented from 1981 onwards.
    DOI: 10.1787/aaa61ce9-en
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  • 97
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    Research and Development Statistics: Implied tax subsidy rates on R&D expenditures (Edition 2022) (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The latest indicators and information on R&D tax incentives also feature on the dedicated OECD website Measuring R&D tax incentives , including the latest edition of OECD R&D tax incentive country profiles .
    DOI: 10.1787/fb686e70-en
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  • 98
    Online Resource
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    Research and Development Statistics: R-D personnel by sector of employment and field of science (Edition 2022) (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: R-D personnel by sector of employment and field of science presents research and development (R&D) personnel statistics for total R&D personnel by sector of employment and field of science, in full-time equivalent on R&D; Researchers by sex, sector of employment and field of science, in full-time equivalent on R&D; Researchers by sex, sector of employment and field of science, in headcounts. Sectors of employment include business enterprise, government, higher education, private non-profit and total. Breakdown by field of science includes natural sciences, engineering, medical sciences, agricultural sciences, social sciences, and humanities. Data are presented from 1981 onwards and are expressed in terms of units for personnel with full-time equivalent on R&D activities as well as headcounts.
    DOI: 10.1787/ea0f2ba8-en
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  • 99
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    Research and Development Statistics: Business enterprise R-D expenditure by size class and by source of funds - ISIC Rev 4 (Edition 2022) (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This table presents research and development (R&D) expenditure statistics performed in the business enterprise sector by industry according to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) revision 4. and by source of funds (business enterprise, government, other national funds, and funds from abroad). Data at the industry level are presented from 2005, year when the first countries converted their data from ISIC rev.3.1 to the current ISIC rev. 4 classification. This breakdown between industries is, in principle, made at the enterprise level, although some countries are able to break down R&D data for multi product enterprises between their main lines of business. National statistical regulations prevent publication of results where there are very few firms in the given category, hence the many gaps in the tables. Depending on the country, R&D institutes serving enterprises are either classified with the industry concerned, or grouped under “Research and Development” (ISIC rev.4, Division 72). When these R&D institutes are classified with the industry served, the evaluation of R&D in these industries is more accurate and more comparable between countries for the industries concerned. This results, however, in an underestimation of the percentage of BERD performed by the service sector as compared with other countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/3d8a2cc2-en
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  • 100
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    Telecommunications database (Edition 2022) (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Telecommunications and Internet Statistics
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The Telecommunications Database is produced in association with the biennial publication OECD Communications Outlook. The Database provides time-series data covering thirty OECD Member countries. It contains both telecommunication and economic indicators. The data are provided for the years 1980 to 2009, where available.
    DOI: 10.1787/9496f01d-en
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