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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (24)
  • Merk, Olaf  (16)
  • Yermo, Juan  (8)
  • Paris : OECD  (24)
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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (24)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Metropolitan governance of transport and land use in Chicago (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2014/08
    Keywords: Kommunale Verkehrspolitik ; Stadtverkehr ; Kommunale Infrastruktur ; Öffentlicher Nahverkehr ; Ballungsraum ; Kommunalverwaltung ; Chicago (Ill.) ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; United States ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This study aims to assess the degree of institutional fragmentation of transport and land use planning in Chicago and to assess the main challenges related to this institutional fragmentation. It provides an overview of local governments in metropolitan Chicago and mechanisms for metropolitan coordination, including organisations at the metropolitan scale, dealing with planning, land use and transport. Five main challenges related to institutional fragmentation in transport and land use planning are identified: a lack of (1) interconnectivity, (2) coherence across transit modes, (3) regional freight planning, (4) accountability and (5) implementation power of regional planning and transport objectives. These challenges are analysed. The concluding section suggests some avenues for reform that could be explored in order to overcome the challenges of metropolitan fragmentation in transport and land use in Chicago.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxzjs6lp65k-en
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The competitiveness of global port-cities : the case of Mersin – Turkey (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 S.) , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2013/01
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Merk, Olaf The competitiveness of global port-cities
    Keywords: Regionales Wachstum ; Stadtwachstum ; Hafenentwicklung ; Icel ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Turkey ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This working paper offers an evaluation of the performance of the port of Mersin, an analysis of the impact of the port on its territory and an assessment of policies and governance in this field. It examines port performance over the last decades and identifies the principal factors that have contributed to it. The effect of the ports on economic and environmental questions is studied and quantified where possible. The value added of the port cluster of Mersin is calculated and its interlinkages with other economic sectors in Turkey delineated. The major policies governing the ports are assessed, along with policies governing transport and economic development, the environment and spatial planning. These include measures instituted by the port authorities, as well as by local, regional and national governments. Governance mechanisms at these different levels are described and analysed. Based on the report’s findings, recommendations are proposed with a view to improving port performance and increasing the positive effects of the port of Mersin on its territory.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k4c43014plt-en
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The competitiveness of global port-cities : the case of Shanghai – China (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English , Chinese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (147 S.) , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2013/23
    Keywords: Megastadt ; Hafen ; Stadtwachstum ; Interregionaler Handel ; Verkehrspolitik ; Regionales Wachstum ; Regionalentwicklung ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Shanghai ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; China, People’s Republic ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This working paper offers an evaluation of the performance of the port of Shanghai, an analysis of the impact of the port on its territory and an assessment of policies in this field. It examines port performance over the last decades and identifies the principal factors that have contributed to it. The effect of the port on economic and environmental questions is studied and quantified where possible. The major policies governing the port are assessed, along with policies governing transport and economic development, the environment and spatial planning. Based on the report’s findings, recommendations are proposed with a view to improving port performance and increasing the positive effects of the port of Shanghai.
    Note: Text in engl. und chin. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k3wd3bnz7tb-en
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Institutional investors and infrastructure financing (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (35 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 36
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The economic downturn is likely to have a lasting impact on the fund management industry and on long term asset allocation strategies of institutional investors. On one hand, in promoting more cautious investment strategies and a greater focus on portfolio risk management in the coming years. On the other hand, the prolonged low-yield environment has heightened the need for return-enhancing strategies, pushing some investors to invest in alternative assets. More fundamentally, the role of institutional investors in long term financing is constrained by the short-termism increasingly pervasive in capital markets as well as structural and policy barriers such as regulatory disincentives, lack of appropriate financing vehicles, limited investment and risk management expertise, transparency, viability issues and a lack of appropriate data and investment benchmarks for illiquid assets such as infrastructure.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k3wh99xgc33-en
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The competitiveness of global port-cities : the case of Rotterdam/Amsterdam – the Netherlands (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (114 S.) , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2013/08
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Merk, Olaf The competitiveness of global port-cities
    Keywords: Regionales Wachstum ; Stadtwachstum ; Hafenentwicklung ; Rotterdam ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Netherlands ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This working paper offers an evaluation of the performance of the ports of Rotterdam and Amsterdam, an analysis of the impact of these ports on their territory and an assessment of policies and governance in this field. It examines port performance over the last decades and identifies the principal factors that have contributed to it. The effect of the ports on economic and environmental questions is studied and quantified where possible. The value added of the port clusters of Rotterdam and Amsterdam is calculated and its interlinkages with other economic sectors and regions in the Netherlands delineated. The major policies governing the ports are assessed, along with policies governing transport and economic development, the environment and spatial planning. These include measures instituted by the port authorities, as well as by local, regional and national governments. Governance mechanisms at these different levels are described and analysed. Based on the report‘s findings, recommendations are proposed with a view to improving port performance and increasing the positive effects of the ports of Rotterdam and Amsterdam on their territory.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k46pghnvdvj-en
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The competitiveness of global port-cities : the case of Danube Axis (Bratislava, Štúrovo, Komárno – Slovak Republic) (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English , Slovak
    Pages: Online-Ressource (106 S.) , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2013/14
    Keywords: Binnenhafen ; Interregionaler Handel ; Verkehrspolitik ; Regionales Wachstum ; Regionalentwicklung ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Slowakei ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Slovak Republic ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This working paper offers an evaluation of the performance of the inland ports of the Slovak Republic within the framework of the Danube Axis, an analysis of the impact of the ports on their territory and an assessment of policies in this field. It examines port performance over the last decades and identifies the principal factors that have contributed to it. The effect of the port on economic and environmental questions is studied and quantified where possible. The major policies governing the ports are assessed, along with policies governing transport and economic development, the environment and spatial planning. Based on the report’s findings, recommendations are proposed with a view to improving port performance and increasing the positive effects of the inland ports of Slovak Republic.
    Note: Text in engl. und slowakischer Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k408j180xr8-en
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The port and its environment : methodological approach for economic appraisal (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (31 S.) , Ill.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2013/24
    Keywords: Hafen ; Hafenpolitik ; Stadtentwicklung ; Stadterneuerung ; Zahlungsbereitschaftsanalyse ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In times of increasing environmental awareness, the port-city relationship has gained a new meaning since ports have been seen as the origin of both negative and positive externalities affecting the public wellbeing. While the former are the result of port expansion, the latter are the result of transforming obsolete port areas into recreational facilities. Therefore, in order to support effective policy-making, in this research is emphasized the need of measuring these environmental externalities. Considering their non-market nature, the contingent valuation method is introduced as an economic tool capable of overcoming this obstacle. Thus, the cases of two ports in Spain, namely Valencia and Castellón, are reviewed. The policy implications of this are discussed with the aim to improve the understanding of the changing relationship between ports and cities.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k3v1dvb1dd2-en
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The competitiveness of global port-cities : synthesis report (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (183 S.) , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2013/13
    Keywords: Hafen ; Stadtwachstum ; Interregionaler Handel ; Verkehrspolitik ; Regionales Wachstum ; Regionalentwicklung ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Welt ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report provides a synthesis of main findings from the OECD Port-Cities Programme, created in 2010 in order to assess the impact of ports on their cities and provide policy recommendations to increase the positive impacts of ports on their cities.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k40hdhp6t8s-en
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The competitiveness of global port-cities : the case of Antofagasta – Chile (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (26 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2013/15
    Keywords: Hafen ; Stadtwachstum ; Interregionaler Handel ; Verkehrspolitik ; Regionales Wachstum ; Regionalentwicklung ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Chile ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Chile ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This working paper offers an evaluation of the performance of ports of Antofagasta, an analysis of the impact of the ports on their territory and an assessment of policies in this field. It examines port performance over the last decades and identifies the principal factors that have contributed to it. The effect of the port on economic and environmental questions is studied and quantified where possible. The major policies governing the ports are assessed, along with policies governing transport and economic development, the environment and spatial planning. Based on the report’s findings, recommendations are proposed with a view to improving port performance and increasing the positive effects of the ports of Antofagasta.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k4067cb267k-en
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The competitiveness of global port-cities : the case of Hong Kong – China (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (53 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2013/16
    Keywords: Megastadt ; Hafen ; Stadtwachstum ; Interregionaler Handel ; Verkehrspolitik ; Regionales Wachstum ; Regionalentwicklung ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Hongkong ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; China, People’s Republic ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This working paper offers an evaluation of the performance of the port of Hong Kong, an analysis of the impact of the port on the territory and an assessment of policies in this field. It examines port performance over the last decades and identifies the principal factors that have contributed to it. The effect of the port on economic and environmental questions is studied and quantified where possible. The major policies governing the port are assessed, along with policies governing transport and economic development, the environment and spatial planning. Based on the report’s findings, recommendations are proposed with a view to improving port performance and increasing the positive effects of the port of Hong Kong.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k3wdkjtzp0w-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The effectiveness of port-city policies : a comparative approach (2013)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2013/25
    Keywords: Hafen ; Kommunale Verkehrspolitik ; Hauptkomponentenanalyse ; Hafenentwicklung ; Politikfeldanalyse ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The relation between ports and their cities have evolved: it is no longer evident that well-functioning ports have automatically a net positive impact on the port-city. There are various trajectories and many ports and port-cities attempt to stimulate port-city development by a range of public policies. Yet, little is known about effectiveness of policies to promote performance of ports and port-cities. This paper aims at filling this gap, by assessing the effectiveness of port-city policies, within various policy areas including port development, port-city economic development, transportation, environment, research and development, spatial development and communication. This is done via a principal component analysis (PCA), based on a database constructed for the purpose of this paper with outcome variables and scores of policies for a set of 27 large world port-cities, that makes it possible to identify policies that are associated with effective policy outcomes and show patterns of related policy outcomes and policies.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k3ttg8zn1zt-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The competitiveness of global port-cities : the case of Hamburg - Germany (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 48 S., 1,71 MB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2012/06
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Merk, Olaf The competitiveness of global port-cities
    Keywords: Regionales Wachstum ; Stadtwachstum ; Hafenentwicklung ; Hamburg ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Germany ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This working paper offers an evaluation of the performance of the Port of Hamburg, as well as an analysis of the port?s impact on its territory and an assessment of relevant policies and governance. It examines port performance in the last decade and identifies the principal factors that have contributed to it. In addition, the report studies the potential for synergies between the Hamburg and Bremerhaven ports. The study also considers the effect of these ports on economic and environmental questions. The value added of the port cluster of Hamburg is calculated, and its linkages with other economic sectors and regions in Germany are delineated. Specifically, the paper outlines the impact of the port?s operations, and shows how its activities spill over into other regions. The report also assesses major policies governing the port, as well as transport and economic development, the environment and spatial planning. These policies include measures instituted by the port authority and local, regional and national governments. Governance mechanisms at these different levels are described and analysed. Based on the report?s findings, proposed recommendations aim to improve port performance and increase the positive effects of the port on its territory.
    Note: Zsfassung in dt. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k97g3hm1gvk-en
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The role of funded pensions in retirement income systems : issues for the Russian Federation (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 27
    Keywords: Altersvorsorge ; Kapitaldeckungsverfahren ; Russland ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Russian Federation ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper reviews the recent development of the funded pension system in the Russian Federation and considers it role in the context of the overall retirement income system. By describing current OECD practices and policy recommendations and comparing them with the current Russian pension system, the report aims to facilitate ongoing discussions between the OECD and the Russian Federation regarding the latter’s pension system. The report is based to a large extent on existing OECD published material, in particular the latest edition of OECD Pensions at a Glance (2011) and the OECD Pensions Outlook 2012. It also draws on the OECD review of labour and social policy published in December 2011.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k9180xv25xw-en
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Financing green urban infrastructure (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2012/10
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung ; Städtischer Freiraum ; Kommunale Infrastruktur ; Öffentlich-private Partnerschaft ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents an overview of practices and challenges related to financing green sustainable cities. Cities are essential actors in stimulating green infrastructure; and urban finance is one of the promising ways in which this can be achieved. Cities are key investors in infrastructure with green potential, such as buildings, transport, water and waste. Their main revenue sources, such as property taxes, transport fees and other charges, are based on these same sectors; cities thus have great potential to ?green? their financial instruments. At the same time, increased public constraints call for a mobilisation of new sources of finance and partnerships with the private sector. This working paper analyses several of these sources: public-private partnerships, tax-increment financing, development charges, value-capture taxes, loans, bonds and carbon finance. The challenge in mobilising these instruments is to design them in a green way, while building capacity to engage in real co-operative and flexible arrangements with the private sector.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k92p0c6j6r0-en
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Competitiveness of port-cities : the case of Marseille-Fos - France (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2012/11
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Merk, Olaf Competitiveness of port-cities
    Keywords: Regionales Wachstum ; Stadtwachstum ; Hafenentwicklung ; Marseille ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; France ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This working paper offers an evaluation of the performance of the port of Marseille-Fos, an analysis of the impact of the port on its territory and an assessment of policies and governance in this field. It examines declining port performance over the last decades and identifies the principal factors that have contributed to it. The effect of the ports on economic and environmental questions is studied and quantified where possible. The value added of the port cluster of Marseille-Fos is calculated and its interlinkages with other economic sectors and other regions in France delineated. The paper outlines the impact of the ports? operations, and shows how their activities spill over into other regions than the one in which the port of Marseille-Fos is located. The major policies governing the ports are assessed, along with policies governing transport and economic development, the environment and spatial planning. These include measures instituted by the port authorities, as well as by local, regional and national governments. Governance mechanisms at these different levels are described and analysed. Based on the report?s findings, recommendations are proposed with a view to improving port performance and increasing the positive effects of the port of Marseille-Fos on its territory.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k8x9b92cnnv-en
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Infrastructure investment in new markets : challenges and opportunities for pension funds (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 26
    Keywords: Infrastrukturinvestition ; Öffentlich-private Partnerschaft ; Pensionskasse ; OECD-Staaten ; Schwellenländer ; Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report reviews the existing evidence on pension fund investment in infrastructure in “new” markets, covering a number of non-OECD countries, such as Brazil, China, India, Indonesia and South Africa, as well as some OECD countries like Chile and Mexico. In the African, Asian, and Latin American countries surveyed, domestic pension funds invest more than USD 15 bn in infrastructure projects, around 1.3% of the total assets managed (USD 1.1 trillion as of December 2010). Foreign pension funds, given their large size, could be a potentially major source of funding, but most have only recently started investing in infrastructure projects and have focused their attention in mature markets. The report concludes with a series of policy recommendations to facilitate infrastructure investments in new markets.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k8xff424vln-en
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  • 17
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    Online Resource
    The competitiveness of global port-cities : the case of Helsinki - Finland (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2012/08
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Merk, Olaf The competitiveness of global port-cities
    Keywords: Regionales Wachstum ; Stadtwachstum ; Hafenentwicklung ; Helsinki ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This working paper offers an evaluation of the performance of the Port of Helsinki, as well as an analysis of the port?s impact on its territory and an assessment of relevant policies and governance. It examines declining port performance in the last decade and identifies the principal factors that have contributed to it. In addition, the report studies the potential for synergies between the Helsinki and HaminaKotka ports. The study also considers the effect of these ports on economic and environmental questions. Specifically, the paper outlines the impact of the Helsinki port?s operations, and shows how its activities spill over into other regions. The report also assesses major policies governing the port, as well as transport and economic development, the environment and spatial planning. These policies include measures instituted by the Helsinki Port Authority and local, regional and national governments. Governance mechanisms at these different levels are described and analysed. Based on the report?s findings, proposed recommendations aim to improve port performance and increase the positive effects of the port on its territory.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k92z70x5v7g-en
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  • 18
    Online Resource
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    The effect of solvency regulations and accounting standards on long-term investing : implications for insurers and pension funds (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 30
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report reviews recent as well as planned changes to accounting and solvency regulations affecting insurers and pension funds and how they may impact long-term investing by these institutions. The review of existing evidence focuses mainly on the impact of risk-based solvency requirements, identifying instances where such regulations may have driven changes in investment strategies and potentially led to pro-cyclical investment behaviour such as the fire-sale of assets in market downturns. The report concludes with a note of caution regarding the application of strict fair value and risk-based solvency rules.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k8xd1nm3d9n-en
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  • 19
    Online Resource
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    Ports and regional development : a European perspective (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2012/07
    Keywords: 2000-2006 ; Regionalentwicklung ; Regionales Wachstum ; Hafen ; Westeuropa ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper studies the impact of port activity on regional employment, analysing approximately 560 western European regions, including the largest OECD European ports (116 ports), from 2000-06. The empirical analysis is based on a set of employment equations using the Blundell and Bond (1998) GMM-System estimator that takes into account persistence effects in employment, regional unobserved time-invariant heterogeneity and endogeneity of port activity. Our main findings are (1) regional employment is positively correlated to port throughput, while the number of passengers is not; (2) the impact of port throughput on employment might depend on the institutional characteristics of each port, with private ports having the largest impact on regional employment of the host region if compared with those operating under different governance models (“Hanseatic”, “Latin”); (3) there is a higher impact of port throughput when liquid bulk is not considered; and (4) the main results are confirmed when service and manufacturing employment rather than total employment are considered.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k92z71jsrs6-en
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  • 20
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    Efficiency of world ports in container and bulk cargo (oil, coal, ores and grain) (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2012/09
    Keywords: Hafenwirtschaft ; Containerverkehr ; Massengutschifffahrt ; Tankschifffahrt ; Effizienz ; Performance-Messung ; Transportkosten ; Welt ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Port efficiency is an important indicator of port performance; more efficient ports lower transportation costs and facilitate imports and exports of a country. Despite the importance of the subject, the exisiting port efficiency studies have almost exclusively focused on container ports. This Working Paper aims to fill that gap by calculating efficiency scores of world ports per cargo type (containers, oil, coal, iron ore and grain). These calculcations have been made using a database constructed for this purpose. Several findings can be derived from these calculations. Significant improvements can be made when the technical efficiency of ports is increased. Among the sample, gaps between terminal efficiency mostly reflected gaps in pure technical efficiency. When comparing the level of efficiency achieved by ports across commodities, technical gaps were more marked for container and oil terminals. Promoting policies to raise throughput levels in order to minimise production scale inefficiencies is another important area for improvement. Production scale inefficiencies arise when throughput levels are below or above optimal levels given the current capacity of terminal infrastructure. Such inefficiencies were mostly found in a substantial number of ports handling crude oil and iron ore, suggesting that efficiency is more sensitive and driven by exogenous factors related to traffic flows. The analysis also shows that the size of ports matters for port efficiency. The crude oil, iron-ore and grain ports have higher efficiency scores at larger total port size, suggesting that this size is more efficient because they can drive technological development. Finally, there are regional patterns emerging across commodities. Terminals in China are among the most efficient in handling coal bulk and containers with terminals in Southeast Asia. By contrast, the most efficient grain and iron-ore terminals are located in Latin America, and the most efficient crude-oil transhipment terminals are mostly found in the Gulf region. Further, Australia is also found to perform well in handling coal bulk and grains.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k92vgw39zs2-en
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  • 21
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    Lessons from national pensions communication campaigns (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 18
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The present report focuses on the pre-campaign planning, the design, the delivery, and the monitoring and evaluation of National Pension Communication Campaigns in a range of OECD and non-OECD countries. The research identifies barriers to effective communications and highlights models of good practice in order to help organisers design campaigns that are more effective in terms of impact and more efficient in the way they use resources. In particular, the report argues that the success of campaign organisers will depend on their ability to set realistic and measurable goals that can be delivered in a timely, cost-effective and innovative manner to achieve maximum impact. The report also calls for better evaluation of campaigns and more targeted communication that delivers clearer messages.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k98xwz5z09v-en
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  • 22
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    Coverage of private pension systems : evidence and policy options (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 20
    Keywords: Private Altersvorsorge ; Welt ; Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: To adapt pension systems to demographic trends, many countries are reducing pay-as-you-go public pension levels and lifting retirement ages. In this context, funded pensions could play a major role to avoid adequacy gaps. Yet, as this paper shows, the coverage of funded private pensions, as measured by enrolment rates, is highly uneven across countries and between individuals, especially in voluntary systems. Some countries have made funded pensions compulsory (e.g. Australia, Chile) or quasimandatory (e.g. Denmark, the Netherlands) to ensure that most workers are covered and therefore have access to a sufficiently high complementary pension. However, in other countries with relatively low pay-as-you-go public pension benefits, funded private provision remains voluntary. The low level of funded pensions’ coverage in such countries should be a major policy concern. Recent policy initiatives in Germany and New Zealand, involving the introduction of financial incentives (and auto enrolment in New Zealand) have been effective in raising coverage to the highest levels among voluntary pension arrangements, but coverage gaps remain that need to be addressed.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k94d6gh2w6c-en
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  • 23
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    Online Resource
    The role of guarantees in defined contribution pensions (2011)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 11
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kg52k5b0v9s-en
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  • 24
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    Funding in public sector pension plans : international evidence (2011)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on finance, insurance and private pensions 8
    Keywords: 2008 ; Öffentlicher Dienst ; Altersvorsorge ; Öffentliche Ausgaben ; Umlageverfahren ; Kapitaldeckungsverfahren ; OECD-Staaten ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kgcfnm8rgmp-en
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