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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (27)
  • Merk, Olaf  (16)
  • Miroudot, Sébastien  (11)
  • Paris : OECD  (27)
  • 1
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    Water in the GATS : methodology and results (2015)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (45 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers 185
    Keywords: Dienstleistungssektor ; GATS ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Handelshemmnisse ; Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The water in the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) refers to the difference between the bound level of trade restrictiveness permitted by the GATS and the actual trade regime. Using the OECD Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI), this report provides estimates of the water in 15 service sectors for 40 countries. The level of water in GATS commitments varies across sectors. It is highest in sectors where most countries have no commitments (unbound), such as audio-visual services or transport services, as well as sectors where countries tend to make commitments only for selected types of activities, such as legal services. The lowest level of water is observed in sectors such as telecoms, construction, computer and distribution services that are also characterised by a more liberal trade regime. Generally speaking, current services trade policies are much more open than what countries have committed in the GATS and sectors that are “unbound” can be fairly open.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jrs6k35nnf1-en
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  • 2
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    Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI) : logistics services (2015)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (59 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers 183
    Keywords: Logistikdienstleister ; Regulierung ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Handelshemmnisse ; OECD-Staaten ; Brasilien ; China ; Indien ; Indonesien ; Russland ; Südafrika ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents the services trade restrictiveness indices (STRIs) for logistics services. The STRIs are composite indices taking values between zero and one, zero representing an open market and one a market completely closed to foreign services providers. The indices are calculated for 40 countries, the 34 OECD members and Brazil, the People’s Republic of China, India, Indonesia, the Russian Federation and South Africa. The STRIs capture de jure restrictions. This report presents the first vintage of indicators for logistics services and captures regulations in force in 2014. The scores range from 0.08 to 1 for cargo-handling services, 0.04 to 1 for storage and warehouse services, 0.02 to 0.58 for freight transport agency services and 0.03 to 1 for customs brokerage services. It is observed that the regulatory profile differs across countries. In cargo-handling and storage and warehouse services, one country reserves all services provision to a statutory monopoly while another country reserves cargo-handling to a monopoly at port. Freight transport agency has the lowest average score among four subsectors while restrictions on foreign entry, restrictions on the movement of people and regulatory transparency significantly contribute to the results. One country is completely closed to foreign participation in customs brokerage services. The paper presents the list of measures included in the indices, the scoring and weighting system for calculating the indices and an analysis of the results.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jrw9bwpbskk-en
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  • 3
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    Metropolitan governance of transport and land use in Chicago (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2014/08
    Keywords: Kommunale Verkehrspolitik ; Stadtverkehr ; Kommunale Infrastruktur ; Öffentlicher Nahverkehr ; Ballungsraum ; Kommunalverwaltung ; Chicago (Ill.) ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; United States ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This study aims to assess the degree of institutional fragmentation of transport and land use planning in Chicago and to assess the main challenges related to this institutional fragmentation. It provides an overview of local governments in metropolitan Chicago and mechanisms for metropolitan coordination, including organisations at the metropolitan scale, dealing with planning, land use and transport. Five main challenges related to institutional fragmentation in transport and land use planning are identified: a lack of (1) interconnectivity, (2) coherence across transit modes, (3) regional freight planning, (4) accountability and (5) implementation power of regional planning and transport objectives. These challenges are analysed. The concluding section suggests some avenues for reform that could be explored in order to overcome the challenges of metropolitan fragmentation in transport and land use in Chicago.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxzjs6lp65k-en
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  • 4
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    Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI) : computer and related services (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (23 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers 169
    Keywords: IT-Management ; Unternehmensdienstleistung ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Handelshemmnisse ; Indexberechnung ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents the services trade restrictiveness indices (STRIs) for computer services. The STRIs are composite indices taking values between zero and one, zero representing an open market and one a market completely closed to foreign services providers. The indices are calculated for 40 countries, the 34 OECD members and Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa. The STRIs capture de jure restrictions. This report presents the first vintage of indicators for computer services and captures regulations in force in 2013. The scores range between 0.08 and 0.34, with a sample average of 0.18. Explicit barriers to trade in computer services are rare, but the sector is subject to a number of economy-wide restrictions facing all sectors. Among these, restrictions on movement of people (mode 4 in GATS terminology) make the largest contribution to the index value, followed by regulatory transparency issues. The paper presents the list of measures included in the indices, the scoring and weighting system for calculating the indices and an analysis of the results.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxt4np1pjzt-en
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  • 5
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    Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI) : distribution services (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers 173
    Keywords: Vertrieb ; Unternehmensdienstleistung ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Handelshemmnisse ; Indexberechnung ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents the services trade restrictiveness indices (STRIs) for distribution services. The STRIs are composite indices taking values between zero and one, zero representing an open market and one a market completely closed to foreign services providers. The indices are calculated for 40 countries, the 34 OECD members and Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa. The STRIs capture de jure restrictions. This report presents the first vintage of indicators for distribution services and captures regulations in force in 2013. The scores range between 0.02 and 0.40, with a sample average of 0.13. It is observed that the regulatory profile differs across countries. Restrictions on foreign ownership and other market entry conditions significantly contribute to the results for almost half of the countries covered by the STRI. The paper presents the list of measures included in the indices, the scoring and weighting system for calculating the indices and an analysis of the results.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxt4njvtfbx-en
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  • 6
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    Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI) : construction, architecture and engineering services (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers 170
    Keywords: Bauwirtschaft ; Architekturbüro ; Ingenieurbüro ; Unternehmensdienstleistung ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Handelshemmnisse ; Indexberechnung ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents the services trade restrictiveness indices (STRIs) for construction, architecture and engineering services. The STRIs are composite indices taking values between zero and one, zero representing an open market and one a market completely closed to foreign services providers. The indices are calculated for 40 countries, the 34 OECD members and Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa. This report presents the first vintage of indicators for construction, architecture and engineering services and captures de jure regulations in force in 2013. The results for construction services indicate that the overall level of restrictiveness is relatively low, ranging from 0.05 to 0.32, with an average of 0.16. The more elevated levels of restriction can be largely attributed to general measures affecting all sectors of the economy. The STRI also supports the view that architecture and engineering services are less restrictively regulated than other accredited professional services, notably legal and accounting services. The average value for the STRI among the countries in the sample is 0.22 for architecture services, connoting a relatively low degree of regulatory restrictiveness; the corresponding value is only marginally lower, 0.2, for engineering services. The majority of regulations affecting trade in these sectors concern the movement of people.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxt4nnd7g5h-en
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  • 7
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    Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI) : legal and accounting services (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (35 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers 171
    Keywords: Rechnungswesen ; Rechtsberatung ; Unternehmensdienstleistung ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Handelshemmnisse ; Indexberechnung ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents the services trade restrictiveness indices (STRIs) for the regulated professions of legal and accounting services. The STRIs are composite indices taking values between zero and one, zero representing an open market and one a market completely closed to foreign services providers. The indices are calculated for 40 countries, the 34 OECD members and Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa. This report presents the first vintage of indicators for legal and accounting services and captures de jure regulations in force in 2013. The STRI supports the view that legal and accounting services are subject to a relatively high level of regulation. Restrictiveness for legal services ranges from 0.11 to 0.73, with an average of 0.31. Accounting and auditing services show an average of 0.3 and STRI values ranging from 0.13 to 1. The results provide useful policy insights, particularly in order to identify priorities for reform at the national and international levels. Notably, in the case of legal and accounting services, easing a few prominent restrictions could result in a significantly more liberal and competitive market environment.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxt4nkg9g24-en
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  • 8
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    Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI) : audio-visual services (2014)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers 174
    Keywords: Kommunikationsmedien ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Handelshemmnisse ; Indexberechnung ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents the services trade restrictiveness indices (STRIs) for motion pictures, television and broadcasting and sound recording. The STRIs are composite indices taking values between zero and one, zero representing an open market and one a market completely closed to foreign services providers. The indices are calculated for 40 countries, the 34 OECD members and Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa. The STRIs capture de jure restrictions. This report presents the first vintage of indicators for audio-visual services and captures regulations in force in 2013. The scores range between 0.06 and 0.72 for motion pictures, 0.07 to 0.78 for television and broadcasting, and between 0.05 and 0.37 for sound recording. The sample averages are 0.18 for motion pictures, 0.28 for television and broadcasting and 0.16 for sound recording. Limitations on foreign entry, including foreign equity limits contribute to about two thirds of the index values in television and broadcasting. In motion pictures screen quotas contribute to the indices in many of the countries with scores above average. Sound recording, i.e. music, is the most open of the three audio-visual services sectors where limitations on movement of people account for more than 40% of the index value. The paper presents the list of measures included in the indices, the scoring and weighting system for calculating the indices and an analysis of the results.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5jxt4nj4fc22-en
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  • 9
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    Mapping global value chains (2013)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (46 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers 159
    Keywords: Agroindustrie ; Chemieindustrie ; Elektronikindustrie ; Kfz-Industrie ; Unternehmensdienstleistung ; Finanzdienstleistung ; Internationale Arbeitsteilung ; Betriebliche Wertschöpfung ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: World trade and production are increasingly structured around “global value chains” (GVCs). The last few years have witnessed a growing number of case studies describing at the product level how production is internationally fragmented, but there is little evidence at the aggregate level on the prevalence of GVCs. The main objective of this paper is to provide for more and better evidence allowing the examination of countries’ position within international production networks. We propose a number of indicators that give a more accurate picture of the integration and position of countries in GVCs, as well as a more detailed assessment of the value chain in six broad industries: agriculture and food products, chemicals, electronics, motor vehicles, business services and financial services.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k3v1trgnbr4-en
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  • 10
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    The competitiveness of global port-cities : the case of Mersin – Turkey (2013)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 S.) , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2013/01
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Merk, Olaf The competitiveness of global port-cities
    Keywords: Regionales Wachstum ; Stadtwachstum ; Hafenentwicklung ; Icel ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Turkey ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This working paper offers an evaluation of the performance of the port of Mersin, an analysis of the impact of the port on its territory and an assessment of policies and governance in this field. It examines port performance over the last decades and identifies the principal factors that have contributed to it. The effect of the ports on economic and environmental questions is studied and quantified where possible. The value added of the port cluster of Mersin is calculated and its interlinkages with other economic sectors in Turkey delineated. The major policies governing the ports are assessed, along with policies governing transport and economic development, the environment and spatial planning. These include measures instituted by the port authorities, as well as by local, regional and national governments. Governance mechanisms at these different levels are described and analysed. Based on the report’s findings, recommendations are proposed with a view to improving port performance and increasing the positive effects of the port of Mersin on its territory.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k4c43014plt-en
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  • 11
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    The competitiveness of global port-cities : the case of Shanghai – China (2013)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English , Chinese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (147 S.) , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2013/23
    Keywords: Megastadt ; Hafen ; Stadtwachstum ; Interregionaler Handel ; Verkehrspolitik ; Regionales Wachstum ; Regionalentwicklung ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Shanghai ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; China, People’s Republic ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This working paper offers an evaluation of the performance of the port of Shanghai, an analysis of the impact of the port on its territory and an assessment of policies in this field. It examines port performance over the last decades and identifies the principal factors that have contributed to it. The effect of the port on economic and environmental questions is studied and quantified where possible. The major policies governing the port are assessed, along with policies governing transport and economic development, the environment and spatial planning. Based on the report’s findings, recommendations are proposed with a view to improving port performance and increasing the positive effects of the port of Shanghai.
    Note: Text in engl. und chin. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k3wd3bnz7tb-en
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  • 12
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    Trade policy implications of global value chains : case studies (2013)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (56 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers 161
    Keywords: Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Betriebliche Wertschöpfung ; Internationale Arbeitsteilung ; Effektive Protektion ; Regionale Wirtschaftsintegration ; Kanada ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur ; Fallstudie
    Abstract: Taking global value chains (GVCs) into account has important implications for trade policy. When production is vertically fragmented and trade in intermediate inputs is prevalent, one has to look differently at a certain number of issues. Through case studies, this paper provides new evidence on the incidence on services of tariffs levied on goods (case study 1) and then discusses effective rates of protection in a world of GVCs and what the removal of tariffs on intermediate inputs implies, using the example of Canada (case study 2). To illustrate how trade agreements could be made more relevant for GVCs, the paper further looks at sectoral approaches in trade negotiations through the example of the Information Technology Agreement (case study 3) and finally compares the network of regional trade agreements in force with global production networks (case study 4).
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k3tpt2t0zs1-en
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  • 13
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    The competitiveness of global port-cities : the case of Rotterdam/Amsterdam – the Netherlands (2013)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (114 S.) , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2013/08
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Merk, Olaf The competitiveness of global port-cities
    Keywords: Regionales Wachstum ; Stadtwachstum ; Hafenentwicklung ; Rotterdam ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Netherlands ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This working paper offers an evaluation of the performance of the ports of Rotterdam and Amsterdam, an analysis of the impact of these ports on their territory and an assessment of policies and governance in this field. It examines port performance over the last decades and identifies the principal factors that have contributed to it. The effect of the ports on economic and environmental questions is studied and quantified where possible. The value added of the port clusters of Rotterdam and Amsterdam is calculated and its interlinkages with other economic sectors and regions in the Netherlands delineated. The major policies governing the ports are assessed, along with policies governing transport and economic development, the environment and spatial planning. These include measures instituted by the port authorities, as well as by local, regional and national governments. Governance mechanisms at these different levels are described and analysed. Based on the report‘s findings, recommendations are proposed with a view to improving port performance and increasing the positive effects of the ports of Rotterdam and Amsterdam on their territory.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k46pghnvdvj-en
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  • 14
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    The competitiveness of global port-cities : the case of Danube Axis (Bratislava, Štúrovo, Komárno – Slovak Republic) (2013)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English , Slovak
    Pages: Online-Ressource (106 S.) , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2013/14
    Keywords: Binnenhafen ; Interregionaler Handel ; Verkehrspolitik ; Regionales Wachstum ; Regionalentwicklung ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Slowakei ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Slovak Republic ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This working paper offers an evaluation of the performance of the inland ports of the Slovak Republic within the framework of the Danube Axis, an analysis of the impact of the ports on their territory and an assessment of policies in this field. It examines port performance over the last decades and identifies the principal factors that have contributed to it. The effect of the port on economic and environmental questions is studied and quantified where possible. The major policies governing the ports are assessed, along with policies governing transport and economic development, the environment and spatial planning. Based on the report’s findings, recommendations are proposed with a view to improving port performance and increasing the positive effects of the inland ports of Slovak Republic.
    Note: Text in engl. und slowakischer Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k408j180xr8-en
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  • 15
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    The port and its environment : methodological approach for economic appraisal (2013)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (31 S.) , Ill.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2013/24
    Keywords: Hafen ; Hafenpolitik ; Stadtentwicklung ; Stadterneuerung ; Zahlungsbereitschaftsanalyse ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In times of increasing environmental awareness, the port-city relationship has gained a new meaning since ports have been seen as the origin of both negative and positive externalities affecting the public wellbeing. While the former are the result of port expansion, the latter are the result of transforming obsolete port areas into recreational facilities. Therefore, in order to support effective policy-making, in this research is emphasized the need of measuring these environmental externalities. Considering their non-market nature, the contingent valuation method is introduced as an economic tool capable of overcoming this obstacle. Thus, the cases of two ports in Spain, namely Valencia and Castellón, are reviewed. The policy implications of this are discussed with the aim to improve the understanding of the changing relationship between ports and cities.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k3v1dvb1dd2-en
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  • 16
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    The competitiveness of global port-cities : synthesis report (2013)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (183 S.) , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2013/13
    Keywords: Hafen ; Stadtwachstum ; Interregionaler Handel ; Verkehrspolitik ; Regionales Wachstum ; Regionalentwicklung ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Welt ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report provides a synthesis of main findings from the OECD Port-Cities Programme, created in 2010 in order to assess the impact of ports on their cities and provide policy recommendations to increase the positive impacts of ports on their cities.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k40hdhp6t8s-en
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  • 17
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    The competitiveness of global port-cities : the case of Antofagasta – Chile (2013)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (26 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2013/15
    Keywords: Hafen ; Stadtwachstum ; Interregionaler Handel ; Verkehrspolitik ; Regionales Wachstum ; Regionalentwicklung ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Chile ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Chile ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This working paper offers an evaluation of the performance of ports of Antofagasta, an analysis of the impact of the ports on their territory and an assessment of policies in this field. It examines port performance over the last decades and identifies the principal factors that have contributed to it. The effect of the port on economic and environmental questions is studied and quantified where possible. The major policies governing the ports are assessed, along with policies governing transport and economic development, the environment and spatial planning. Based on the report’s findings, recommendations are proposed with a view to improving port performance and increasing the positive effects of the ports of Antofagasta.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k4067cb267k-en
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  • 18
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    The competitiveness of global port-cities : the case of Hong Kong – China (2013)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (53 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2013/16
    Keywords: Megastadt ; Hafen ; Stadtwachstum ; Interregionaler Handel ; Verkehrspolitik ; Regionales Wachstum ; Regionalentwicklung ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Hongkong ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; China, People’s Republic ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This working paper offers an evaluation of the performance of the port of Hong Kong, an analysis of the impact of the port on the territory and an assessment of policies in this field. It examines port performance over the last decades and identifies the principal factors that have contributed to it. The effect of the port on economic and environmental questions is studied and quantified where possible. The major policies governing the port are assessed, along with policies governing transport and economic development, the environment and spatial planning. Based on the report’s findings, recommendations are proposed with a view to improving port performance and increasing the positive effects of the port of Hong Kong.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k3wdkjtzp0w-en
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  • 19
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    The effectiveness of port-city policies : a comparative approach (2013)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2013/25
    Keywords: Hafen ; Kommunale Verkehrspolitik ; Hauptkomponentenanalyse ; Hafenentwicklung ; Politikfeldanalyse ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The relation between ports and their cities have evolved: it is no longer evident that well-functioning ports have automatically a net positive impact on the port-city. There are various trajectories and many ports and port-cities attempt to stimulate port-city development by a range of public policies. Yet, little is known about effectiveness of policies to promote performance of ports and port-cities. This paper aims at filling this gap, by assessing the effectiveness of port-city policies, within various policy areas including port development, port-city economic development, transportation, environment, research and development, spatial development and communication. This is done via a principal component analysis (PCA), based on a database constructed for the purpose of this paper with outcome variables and scores of policies for a set of 27 large world port-cities, that makes it possible to identify policies that are associated with effective policy outcomes and show patterns of related policy outcomes and policies.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k3ttg8zn1zt-en
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  • 20
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    The competitiveness of global port-cities : the case of Hamburg - Germany (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 48 S., 1,71 MB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2012/06
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Merk, Olaf The competitiveness of global port-cities
    Keywords: Regionales Wachstum ; Stadtwachstum ; Hafenentwicklung ; Hamburg ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Germany ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This working paper offers an evaluation of the performance of the Port of Hamburg, as well as an analysis of the port?s impact on its territory and an assessment of relevant policies and governance. It examines port performance in the last decade and identifies the principal factors that have contributed to it. In addition, the report studies the potential for synergies between the Hamburg and Bremerhaven ports. The study also considers the effect of these ports on economic and environmental questions. The value added of the port cluster of Hamburg is calculated, and its linkages with other economic sectors and regions in Germany are delineated. Specifically, the paper outlines the impact of the port?s operations, and shows how its activities spill over into other regions. The report also assesses major policies governing the port, as well as transport and economic development, the environment and spatial planning. These policies include measures instituted by the port authority and local, regional and national governments. Governance mechanisms at these different levels are described and analysed. Based on the report?s findings, proposed recommendations aim to improve port performance and increase the positive effects of the port on its territory.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k97g3hm1gvk-en
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  • 21
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    Financing green urban infrastructure (2012)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2012/10
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung ; Städtischer Freiraum ; Kommunale Infrastruktur ; Öffentlich-private Partnerschaft ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents an overview of practices and challenges related to financing green sustainable cities. Cities are essential actors in stimulating green infrastructure; and urban finance is one of the promising ways in which this can be achieved. Cities are key investors in infrastructure with green potential, such as buildings, transport, water and waste. Their main revenue sources, such as property taxes, transport fees and other charges, are based on these same sectors; cities thus have great potential to ?green? their financial instruments. At the same time, increased public constraints call for a mobilisation of new sources of finance and partnerships with the private sector. This working paper analyses several of these sources: public-private partnerships, tax-increment financing, development charges, value-capture taxes, loans, bonds and carbon finance. The challenge in mobilising these instruments is to design them in a green way, while building capacity to engage in real co-operative and flexible arrangements with the private sector.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k92p0c6j6r0-en
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  • 22
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    Competitiveness of port-cities : the case of Marseille-Fos - France (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2012/11
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Merk, Olaf Competitiveness of port-cities
    Keywords: Regionales Wachstum ; Stadtwachstum ; Hafenentwicklung ; Marseille ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; France ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This working paper offers an evaluation of the performance of the port of Marseille-Fos, an analysis of the impact of the port on its territory and an assessment of policies and governance in this field. It examines declining port performance over the last decades and identifies the principal factors that have contributed to it. The effect of the ports on economic and environmental questions is studied and quantified where possible. The value added of the port cluster of Marseille-Fos is calculated and its interlinkages with other economic sectors and other regions in France delineated. The paper outlines the impact of the ports? operations, and shows how their activities spill over into other regions than the one in which the port of Marseille-Fos is located. The major policies governing the ports are assessed, along with policies governing transport and economic development, the environment and spatial planning. These include measures instituted by the port authorities, as well as by local, regional and national governments. Governance mechanisms at these different levels are described and analysed. Based on the report?s findings, recommendations are proposed with a view to improving port performance and increasing the positive effects of the port of Marseille-Fos on its territory.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k8x9b92cnnv-en
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  • 23
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    The competitiveness of global port-cities : the case of Helsinki - Finland (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2012/08
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Merk, Olaf The competitiveness of global port-cities
    Keywords: Regionales Wachstum ; Stadtwachstum ; Hafenentwicklung ; Helsinki ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This working paper offers an evaluation of the performance of the Port of Helsinki, as well as an analysis of the port?s impact on its territory and an assessment of relevant policies and governance. It examines declining port performance in the last decade and identifies the principal factors that have contributed to it. In addition, the report studies the potential for synergies between the Helsinki and HaminaKotka ports. The study also considers the effect of these ports on economic and environmental questions. Specifically, the paper outlines the impact of the Helsinki port?s operations, and shows how its activities spill over into other regions. The report also assesses major policies governing the port, as well as transport and economic development, the environment and spatial planning. These policies include measures instituted by the Helsinki Port Authority and local, regional and national governments. Governance mechanisms at these different levels are described and analysed. Based on the report?s findings, proposed recommendations aim to improve port performance and increase the positive effects of the port on its territory.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k92z70x5v7g-en
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  • 24
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    Ports and regional development : a European perspective (2012)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2012/07
    Keywords: 2000-2006 ; Regionalentwicklung ; Regionales Wachstum ; Hafen ; Westeuropa ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper studies the impact of port activity on regional employment, analysing approximately 560 western European regions, including the largest OECD European ports (116 ports), from 2000-06. The empirical analysis is based on a set of employment equations using the Blundell and Bond (1998) GMM-System estimator that takes into account persistence effects in employment, regional unobserved time-invariant heterogeneity and endogeneity of port activity. Our main findings are (1) regional employment is positively correlated to port throughput, while the number of passengers is not; (2) the impact of port throughput on employment might depend on the institutional characteristics of each port, with private ports having the largest impact on regional employment of the host region if compared with those operating under different governance models (“Hanseatic”, “Latin”); (3) there is a higher impact of port throughput when liquid bulk is not considered; and (4) the main results are confirmed when service and manufacturing employment rather than total employment are considered.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k92z71jsrs6-en
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  • 25
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    Efficiency of world ports in container and bulk cargo (oil, coal, ores and grain) (2012)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2012/09
    Keywords: Hafenwirtschaft ; Containerverkehr ; Massengutschifffahrt ; Tankschifffahrt ; Effizienz ; Performance-Messung ; Transportkosten ; Welt ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Port efficiency is an important indicator of port performance; more efficient ports lower transportation costs and facilitate imports and exports of a country. Despite the importance of the subject, the exisiting port efficiency studies have almost exclusively focused on container ports. This Working Paper aims to fill that gap by calculating efficiency scores of world ports per cargo type (containers, oil, coal, iron ore and grain). These calculcations have been made using a database constructed for this purpose. Several findings can be derived from these calculations. Significant improvements can be made when the technical efficiency of ports is increased. Among the sample, gaps between terminal efficiency mostly reflected gaps in pure technical efficiency. When comparing the level of efficiency achieved by ports across commodities, technical gaps were more marked for container and oil terminals. Promoting policies to raise throughput levels in order to minimise production scale inefficiencies is another important area for improvement. Production scale inefficiencies arise when throughput levels are below or above optimal levels given the current capacity of terminal infrastructure. Such inefficiencies were mostly found in a substantial number of ports handling crude oil and iron ore, suggesting that efficiency is more sensitive and driven by exogenous factors related to traffic flows. The analysis also shows that the size of ports matters for port efficiency. The crude oil, iron-ore and grain ports have higher efficiency scores at larger total port size, suggesting that this size is more efficient because they can drive technological development. Finally, there are regional patterns emerging across commodities. Terminals in China are among the most efficient in handling coal bulk and containers with terminals in Southeast Asia. By contrast, the most efficient grain and iron-ore terminals are located in Latin America, and the most efficient crude-oil transhipment terminals are mostly found in the Gulf region. Further, Australia is also found to perform well in handling coal bulk and grains.
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    DOI: 10.1787/5k92vgw39zs2-en
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  • 26
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    Intra-firm trade : patterns, determinants and policy implications (2011)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers 114
    Keywords: Multinationales Unternehmen ; Firmeninterner Handel ; Verrechnungspreis ; Unternehmenskooperation ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kg9p39lrwnn-en
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  • 27
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    Trade in tasks (2011)
    Paris : OECD
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    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers 117
    Keywords: Internationale Arbeitsteilung ; Außenwirtschaftstheorie ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
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    DOI: 10.1787/5kg6v2hkvmmw-en
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