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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Migration From Zambia : Ensuring Temporariness Through Cooperation (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (34 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Amin, Mohammad Migration From Zambia
    Keywords: Brain Drain ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Host Countries ; Human Capital ; Immigrants ; Immigration ; International Cooperation ; International Migration ; Labor Market ; Migrants ; Migration ; Migration Policy ; Population Policies ; Brain Drain ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Host Countries ; Human Capital ; Immigrants ; Immigration ; International Cooperation ; International Migration ; Labor Market ; Migrants ; Migration ; Migration Policy ; Population Policies ; Brain Drain ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Host Countries ; Human Capital ; Immigrants ; Immigration ; International Cooperation ; International Migration ; Labor Market ; Migrants ; Migration ; Migration Policy ; Population Policies
    Abstract: The paper analyzes migration from Zambia in order to understand how migration policy can support development in the least developed countries. Overall emigration from Zambia is not high by regional standards, but the pattern of migration is skewed toward the skilled and away from the unskilled. A development-friendly approach to migration for Zambia would strive to ensure the temporariness of both types of movement. First, industrial countries may be willing to accept a higher level of unskilled immigration if they could be certain that it is temporary. Second, any adverse effects of brain drain would be greatly alleviated if skilled emigration is temporary. The problem is that host countries cannot unilaterally ensure temporariness of unskilled migration because repatriation cannot be accomplished without the help of source countries like Zambia, and source countries today have little incentive to facilitate the return of the unskilled. At the same time, source countries like Zambia cannot unilaterally ensure temporariness of the skilled because repatriation cannot be accomplished without the help of the host countries, and host countries currently have little incentive to send back the skilled. So, there is a strong case and considerable scope for cooperation between source countries like Zambia and destination countries in the design and implementation of migration policy so that unskilled migration becomes feasible and skilled migration takes a more desirable form
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Does Temporary Migration Have To Be Permanent? (2005)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (52 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Amin, Mohammad Does Temporary Migration Have To Be Permanent?
    Keywords: Anthropology ; Brain Drain ; Brain-Drain ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Culture & Development ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Home Countries ; Host Countries ; Host Country ; Human Migrations and Resettlements ; Immigrants ; International Agreements ; Migrants ; Migration Policies ; Multilateral Agreements ; Policy ; Population Policies ; Social Development ; Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement ; Anthropology ; Brain Drain ; Brain-Drain ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Culture & Development ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Home Countries ; Host Countries ; Host Country ; Human Migrations and Resettlements ; Immigrants ; International Agreements ; Migrants ; Migration Policies ; Multilateral Agreements ; Policy ; Population Policies ; Social Development ; Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement ; Anthropology ; Brain Drain ; Brain-Drain ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Culture & Development ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Home Countries ; Host Countries ; Host Country ; Human Migrations and Resettlements ; Immigrants ; International Agreements ; Migrants ; Migration Policies ; Multilateral Agreements ; Policy ; Population Policies ; Social Development ; Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement
    Abstract: The choice between temporary and permanent migration is today central to the design of migration policies. The authors draw a distinction between the two types of migration on the basis of the associated social cost and the dynamics of learning by migrants. They find that unilateral migration policies are globally inefficient because they lead to too much permanent migration and too little temporary and overall migration. Existing international agreements on labor mobility, such as the World Trade Organization's General Agreement on Trade in Services, have failed to do better because they seek primarily to induce host countries to make commitments to allow entry. Instead, Pareto gains and more liberal migration could be achieved through multilateral agreements that enable host countries to commit to repatriation
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Brain Waste? : Educated Immigrants in the U.S. Labor Market (2005)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (31 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Mattoo, Aaditya Brain Waste?
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Brain Drain ; Country of Origin ; Education ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Home Countries ; Host Country ; Human Capital ; Immigrant ; Immigrants ; Immigration ; Immigration Law ; Immigration Policies ; International Migration ; Labor ; Labor Market ; Labor Markets ; Population Policies ; Social Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Tertiary Education ; Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Brain Drain ; Country of Origin ; Education ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Home Countries ; Host Country ; Human Capital ; Immigrant ; Immigrants ; Immigration ; Immigration Law ; Immigration Policies ; International Migration ; Labor ; Labor Market ; Labor Markets ; Population Policies ; Social Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Tertiary Education ; Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Brain Drain ; Country of Origin ; Education ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Home Countries ; Host Country ; Human Capital ; Immigrant ; Immigrants ; Immigration ; Immigration Law ; Immigration Policies ; International Migration ; Labor ; Labor Market ; Labor Markets ; Population Policies ; Social Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Tertiary Education
    Abstract: The authors investigate the occupational placement of immigrants in the U.S. labor market using census data. They find striking differences among highly educated immigrants from different countries, even after they control for individuals' age, experience, and level of education. With some exceptions, educated immigrants from Latin American and Eastern European countries are more likely to end up in unskilled jobs than immigrants from Asia and industrial countries. A large part of the variation can be explained by attributes of the country of origin that influence the quality of human capital, such as expenditure on tertiary education and the use of English as a medium of instruction. Performance is adversely affected by military conflict at home which may weaken institutions that create human capital and lower the threshold quality of immigrants. The selection effects of U.S. immigration policy also play an important role in explaining cross-country variation. The observed under-placement of educated migrants might be alleviated if home and host countries cooperate by sharing information on labor market conditions and work toward the recognition of qualifications
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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