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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (26)
  • Engelhardt, H. Tristram  (16)
  • Gabbay, Dov M.  (10)
  • Philosophy (General)  (26)
  • Biology Philosophy
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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (26)
  • BSZ  (6)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Handbook of Philosophical Logic : Volume 17 (2014)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400766006
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 269 p. 156 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Handbook of Philosophical Logic 17
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Handbook of philosophical logic ; 17
    RVK:
    CC 2400
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Logic
    Abstract: This second edition of the Handbook of Philosophical Logic reflects great changes in the landscape of philosophical logic since the first edition. It gives readers an idea of that landscape and its relation to computer science and formal language and artificial intelligence. It shows how the increased demand for philosophical logic from computer science and artificial intelligence and computational linguistics accelerated the development of the subject directly and indirectly. This development in turn, directly pushed research forward, stimulated by the needs of applications. New logic areas becameestablished and old areas were enriched and expanded. At the same time, it socially provided employment for generations of logicians residing in computer science, linguistics and electrical engineering departments which of course helped keep the logic community to thrive. The many contributors to this Handbook are active in these application areas and are among the most famous leading figures of applied philosophical logic of our times
    Description / Table of Contents: Editorial Preface; Dov M. GabbayHybrid Logic; Torben Braüner -- Nominal Terms and Nominal Logics: From Foundations to Meta-mathematics; Murdoch J. Gabbay -- Introduction to Labelled Deductive Systems; Dov M. Gabbay -- Index.
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6600-6
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Cover
    URL: Umschlagbild
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Approaches to Legal Rationality (2011)
    Dordrecht : Springer Science+Business Media B.V
    Details
    ISBN: 9789048195886
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 422p, digital)
    Series Statement: Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science 20
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Approaches to legal rationality
    RVK:
    CC 2500
    RVK:
    PI 2050
    RVK:
    PI 3020
    RVK:
    CC 7600
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Political science ; Law ; Law ; Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Law Philosophy ; Political science ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Logik ; Recht ; Recht ; Vernunft ; Rechtsphilosophie
    Abstract: Legal theory, political sciences, sociology, philosophy, logic, artificial intelligence: there are many approaches to legal argumentation. Each of them provides specific insights into highly complex phenomena. Different disciplines, but also different traditions in disciplines (e.g. analytical and continental traditions in philosophy) find here a rare occasion to meet. The present book contains contributions, both historical and thematic, from leading researchers in several of the most important approaches to legal rationality. One of the main issues is the relation between logic and law: the way logic is actually used in law, but also the way logic can make law explicit. An outstanding group of philosophers, logicians and jurists try to meet this issue. The book is more than a collection of papers. However different their respective conceptual tools may be, the authors share a common conception: legal argumentation is a specific argumentation context.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; Contents; Contributors; Part I The Specificity of Legal Reasoning; 1 Aristotle on the Ways and Means of Rhetoric; 2 Cicero on Conditional Right; 3 Inductive Topics and Reorganization of a Classification; 4 Formal and Informal in Legal Logic; Part II Legal Reasoning and Public Reason; 5 Public Reason and Constitutional Interpretation; 6 Democracy and Compromise; 7 Reasons for Reasons; 8 Argumentation and Legitimation of Judicial Decisions; Part III Logic and Law; 9 Logic and the Law: Crossing the Lines of Discipline
    Description / Table of Contents: 10 Epistemic and Practical Aspects of Conditionals in Leibniz's Legal Theory of Conditions11 Abduction and Proof: A Criminal Paradox; 12 Relevance in the Law; Part IV New Formal Approaches to Legal Reasoning; 13 The Logical Structure of Legal Justification: Dialogue or "Trialogue"?; 14 Explanation and Production: Two Ways of Using and Constructing Legal Argumentation; 15 The Law of Evidence and Labelled Deduction: A Position Paper; Part V Logic in the Law; 16 How Logic Is Spoken of at the European Court of Justice: A Preliminary Exploration; Index;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9588-6
    URL: Volltext
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    URL: Cover
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Handbook of Philosophical Logic : Volume 16 (2011)
    Dordrecht : Springer Science+Business Media B.V
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400704794
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: Handbook of Philosophical Logic 16
    DDC: 160
    RVK:
    CC 2400
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic
    Abstract: This title includes: Belief Revision, Refutation and systems in Propositional Logic, a Quantifier Scope in Formal Linguistics, and Non-deterministic Semantics for Logical Systems
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS; PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION; ODINALDO RODRIGUES, DOV GABBAY ANDALESSANDRA RUSSO; 1 INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE; 2 FORMALISATION OF THE PROBLEM OF BELIEF REVISION; 2.1 AGM postulates for belief revision; 2.2 Counterfactual statements and the Ramsey Test; 2.3 Grove's systems of spheres; 2.4 AGM revision for finite belief bases; 2.5 Epistemic entrenchment; 2.6 Discussion; 3 BELIEF REVISION OPERATORS; 3.1 Measuring information change; 3.2 Dalal's revision operator; 4 ITERATION OF THE REVISION PROCESS
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.1 The problem of iteration and the need for extralogical informationto guide the process4.2 Darwiche and Pearl's approach; 4.3 Lehmann's approach: belief revision, revised; 4.4 Iterated revision according to Boutilier; 4.5 Prioritised base revision; 4.6 Prioritised databases; 4.7 Ordered theory presentations; 5 SPECIALISED BELIEF REVISION; 5.1 Resource-bounded revision; 5.2 Controlled revision; 5.3 Multiple belief revision; 5.4 Revision by translation; 6 COMPLEXITY ISSUES; 7 APPLICATIONS; 7.1 Belief Revision in Requirements Engineering; 8 CONCLUSIONS; BIBLIOGRAPHY
    Description / Table of Contents: REFUTATION SYSTEMS IN PROPOSITIONALLOGIC1 INTRODUCTION; 1.1 Basic Concepts; 1.2 A Problem; 1.3 Proving Syntactic Completeness; 1.4 Reduction Procedures; 1.5 General Remarks; 2 INTUITIONISTIC LOGIC; 2.1 Preliminaries; 2.2 Proof System; 2.3 Normal Forms; 2.4 Refutation System; 2.5 Syntactic Completeness; 2.6 Classical Logic; 3 THE MODAL LOGIC S4; 3.1 Preliminaries; 3.2 Proof System; 3.3 Normal Forms; 3.4 Refutation System; 3.5 Syntactic Completeness; 4 REDUCTION PROCEDURES; 4.1 Reduction Rules; 4.2 Reduction Systems; 4.3 Intuitionistic Logic; 4.4 Classical Logic; 4.5 The Modal Logic S4
    Description / Table of Contents: 5 SYMMETRIC INFERENCE SYSTEMS5.1 Preliminaries; 5.2 Syntactic Refutability; 5.3 Syntactic Properties; BIBLIOGRAPHY; QUANTIFIER SCOPE IN FORMALLINGUISTICS; 1 INTRODUCTION; 2 CHARACTERIZING INVERSE SCOPE EFFECTS; 2.1 A "direct scope" grammar for a fragment of English; 2.2 Incompleteness of the grammar's "direct scope" strategy; 2.3 Methodological and empirical principles in the study of quantifierscope; 2.3.1 Pragmatic effects; 2.3.2 Logical dependence between readings; 2.3.3 A note on cross-linguistic variation; 3 SOME PROBLEMS OF QNP SCOPE; 3.1 Overview of some scope phenomena
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.2 Restrictions on scope3.3 Unexpected wide scope: simple indefinites; 3.4 Absence of inverse scope; 3.5 Mixed scope; 3.6 Summary of QNP scope problems; 4 LOGICAL AND LINGUISTIC THEORIES OF QUANTIFIERSCOPE; 4.1 Preliminaries on quantifier scope; 4.2 "Standard scope" mechanisms; 4.2.1 Quantifier Raising; 4.2.2 Quantifying-in; 4.2.3 Cooper Storage; 4.2.4 Type Flexibility; 4.2.5 Categorial approaches; 4.2.6 Discussion - different emphases by different approaches to QNPscope; 4.3 Non-Standard Scope Mechanisms; 4.3.1 Branching quantification; 4.3.2 Cumulative quantification
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.3.3 Wide-scope indefinites and quantification over Skolem functions
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-0479-4
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Bioethics of Regenerative Medicine (2009)
    [Dordrecht] : Springer | [Heidelberg] : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402089671
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 102
    Series Statement: Philosophy and medicine
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The bioethics of regenerative medicine
    DDC: 174.2
    RVK:
    CC 7264
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Philosophy, modern ; medicine Philosophy ; Regenerative Medizin ; Bioethik
    Abstract: Regenerative medicine is rich with promethean promises. The use of human embryonic stem cells in research is justified by its advocates in terms of promises to cure a wide range of diseases and disabilities, from Alzheimer's and Parkinsonism to the results of heart attacks and spinal cord injuries. More broadly, there is the promethean allure of being able to redesign human biological nature in terms of the goals and concerns of humans. Needless to say, these allures and promises have provoked a wide range of not just moral but metaphysical reflections that reveal and reflect deep fault-lines in our cultures. The essays in this volume, directly and indirectly, present the points of controversy as they tease out the character of the moral issues that confront any attempt to develop the human regenerative technologies that might move us from a human to a post-human nature. Although one can appreciate the disputes as independently philosophical, they are surely also a function of the conflict between a Christian and a post-Christian culture, in that Christianity has from its beginning recognized a fundamental prohibition against the taking of early human life. Even the philosophical disputes that frame secular bioethics are often motivated and shaped by these background cultural conflicts. These essays display this circumstance in rich ways.
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents; Contributors; Part I Introduction; Introduction: Regenerative Medicine at the Heart of the Culture Wars; Part II Prospect of Being Posthuman: The Metaphysical Roots of the Moral Controversies; Chapter 1 Regenerative Medicine after Humanism: Puzzles Regarding the use of Embryonic Stem Cells, Germ-Line Genetic Engineering, and the Immanent Pursuit of Human Flourishing; Chapter 2 Genetic Manipulation and the Resurrection Body; Chapter 3 Secular Humanist Bioethics and Regenerative Medicine; Chapter 4 Radical Disagreements of Chinese Views on Fetal Life and Implications for Bioethics1
    Description / Table of Contents: Part III A Human Embryonic Stem-Cell Research: The Geography of Persistent DisagreementChapter 5 Using and Misusing Embryos: The Ethical Debates; Chapter 6 Trading Lives or Changing Human Nature: The Strange Dilemma of Embryo-Based Regenerative Medicine; Chapter 7 Therapeutic Cloning, Respect for Human Embryo, and Symbolic Value; Part IV A Search for a Larger Picture: Regenerative Medicine and the Moral Enterprise; Chapter 8 Medical Biotechnologies: Are There Effective Ethical Arguments for Policy Making?; Chapter 9 Extending Human Life: To What End?
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 10 The Ethics of Regenerative Medicine: Beyond Humanism and PosthumanismChapter 11 Virtue In Vitro: Virtue Ethics as an Alternative to Questions of Moral Status; Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8967-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    China: Bioethics, Trust, and The Challenge Of The Market (2008)
    [Berlin : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402067570
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 96
    DDC: 362.10951
    RVK:
    CC 7264
    Keywords: medicine Medicine ; Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Medicine ; Ethics, Medical ; Quality of Health Care economics ; Economics, Medical ; Bioethics ; Physician-Patient Relations ; Delivery of Health Care economics ; Public Health Administration economics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; China ; Gesundheitswesen ; China ; Medizinische Ethik ; China ; Medizinische Versorgung ; Finanzierung
    Abstract: This volume provides a unique perspective on the market reforms currently taking place in Chinese health care. The authors come to grips with the changes taking place in Chinese health care and its effect on the traditional doctor-patient relationship, but also its positive effects on the availability and quality of health care particularly in urban areas. In doing so the various authors wrestle with moral, political and social issues deeply ingrained in Chinese culture as well as the perceived practical and moral difficulties associated with the change to a market oriented economy especially
    Description / Table of Contents: The Bioethics of Trust; Chinese Health Care Policy: An Introduction to the Moral Challenges; Towards a Confucian Approach to Health Care Allocation in China: A Dynamic Geography; Trust is the Core of the Doctor-Patient Relationship: From the Perspective of Traditional Chinese Medical Ethics; Medical Resources, the Market, and the Development of Private-Run Hospitals in China; China, Beware: What American Health Care Has to Learn from Singapore; Confucian Trust, Market and Health Care Reform; The Pursuit of an Efficient, Sustainable Health Care System in China
    Description / Table of Contents: A Reconstructionist Confucian Approach to Chinese Health CareHealth Care Services, Markets, and the Confucian Moral Tradition: Establishing a Humanistic Health Care Market; Markets, Trust, and the Nurturing of a Culture of Responsibility: Implications for Health Care Policy in China; Fostering Professional Virtue in the Market: Reflections on the Challenges Facing Chinese Health Care Reform; On the Reform of Health Care Reform; Is Singapore's Healthcare System Morally Problematic?;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6757-0
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Edge of Life : Human Dignity and Contemporary Bioethics (2005)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402031564
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 85
    DDC: 179.7
    RVK:
    BK 6135
    Keywords: Ethics ; Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medicine ; Medical ethics ; Bioethical Issues ; Catholicism ; Personhood ; Philosophy, Medical ; Religion and Medicine ; Right to Die ethics ; Beginning of Human Life ethics ; Menschenwürde ; Lebensschutz
    Abstract: "The Edge of Life: Human Dignity and Contemporary Bioethics resituates bioethics in fundamental outlook by challenging both the dominant Kantian and utilitarian approaches to evaluating how new technologies apply to human life. Drawing on an analysis of the dignity of the human person, both as an agent and as the recipient of action, The Edge of Life presents a ""theoretical"" approach to the problems of contemporary bioethics and applies this approach to various disputed questions. Should conjoined twins be split, if the division will end the life of the weaker twin? Was Bush's stem cell research decision morally acceptable? Are the 'quality of life' and 'sanctity of life' ethics irreconcilably incompatible? Accessible to both scholars and students, The Edge of Life focuses particularly on the controversial issues surrounding the beginning and ending of human life, tackling some of the toughest practical questions of bioethics including new reproductive technologies (artificial wombs), stem cell research, abortion and physician assisted suicide, as well as many of its vexing theoretical disputes."
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; When Does a Human Being Become a Person?; All Human Beings are Persons; How is the Dignity of the Person as Agent Recognized?; An Ethical Assessment of Bush's Guidelines for Stem Cell Research; Moral Absolutism and Ectopic Pregnancy; Could Artificial Wombs End the Abortion Debate?; Solomon's Dilemma; Capital Punishment and the Catholic Tradition
    Note: Description based upon print version of record , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-3156-4
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science (2004)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781402028083
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 626 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Logic, Epistemology, And The Unity Of Science 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Biology Philosophy ; Physics ; Philosophy and science. ; Epistemology. ; Logic ; Developmental biology ; Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: The aim of the series Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science, of which this is the first volume, is to take up anew the challenge of considering the scientific enterprise in its entirety in light of recent developments in logic and philosophy. Developments in logic are especially relevant to the current situation in philosophy of science. At present, there is no single logic, single approach to semantics or well-defined conception of scientific method dominating the philosophy of science. At the same time, questions concerning linguistic, reductionist and foundationalist approaches to epistemology, the analytic and synthetic distinction as well as disputes concerning semantics and pragmatics have been illuminated by recent developments in logic. Given the power of such developments, discussions of the unity of science are even more intriguing and urgent than in the 20th century. The first title in this new series aims to explore, through extensive co-operation, new ways of achieving the integration of science in all its diversity. The present volume contains essays from some of the most important and influential philosophers in contemporary philosophy, discussing a range of topics such as philosophy of science, epistemology, philosophy of logic and game theoretical approaches. It will be of great interest to philosophers, computer scientists and all others interested in the scientific rationality
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-2808-3
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Handbook of Philosophical Logic (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401704588
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 360 p) , digital
    Edition: 2nd Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Handbook of Philosophical Logic 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic
    Abstract: The fifth volume of the second edition contains major contributions on Intuitionistic Logic, Free Logics and Partial Logic. Audience: Students and researchers whose work or interests involve philosophical logic and its applications
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0458-8
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Handbook of Philosophical Logic (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401704601
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 406 p) , digital
    Edition: 2nd Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Handbook of Philosophical Logic 6
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic
    Abstract: The sixth volume of the Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Second Edition contains major contributions on Relevance Logic, Quantum Logics, Combinators, Proofs and Implicational Logics and Paraconsistent Logic. Audience: Students and researchers whose work or interests involve philosophical logic and its applications
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0460-1
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  • 10
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    Bioethics and Moral Content: National Traditions of Health Care Morality : Papers dedicated in tribute to Kazumasa Hoshino (2002)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401709026
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 303 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 74
    Series Statement: Asian Studies in Bioethics and the Philosophy of Medicine 74
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Is there only one bioethics? Is a global bioethics possible? Or, instead, does one encounter a plurality of bioethical approaches shaped by local cultural and national traditions? Some thirty years ago a field of applied ethics emerged under the rubric `bioethics'. Little thought was given at the time to the possibility that this field bore the imprint of a particular American set of moral commitments. This volume explores the plurality of moral perspectives shaping bioethics. It is inspired by Kazumasa Hoshino's critical reflections on the differences in moral perspectives separating Japanese and American bioethics. The essays include contributions from Hong Kong, China, Japan, Texas, the United States, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy. The volume offers a rich perspective of the range of approaches to bioethics. It brings into question whether there is unambiguously one ethics for bioethics to apply
    Description / Table of Contents: From the contents: Part I: Physician Virtue and National TraditionsPart II: Medical Technologies and National Bioethics -- Part III: Death, Culture, and Moral Difference -- Part IV: Global Bioethics and its Critics -- Notes on Contributors -- Index.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0902-6
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  • 11
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    Abductive Reasoning and Learning (2000)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401717335
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 442 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty Management Systems 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Distribution (Probability theory) ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Mathematical logic. ; Probabilities.
    Abstract: This book contains leading survey papers on the various aspects of Abduction, both logical and numerical approaches. Abduction is central to all areas of applied reasoning, including artificial intelligence, philosophy of science, machine learning, data mining and decision theory, as well as logic itself
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1733-5
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  • 12
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    Online Resource
    Handbook of Tableau Methods (1999)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401717540
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 670 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Algebra Data processing ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer science—Mathematics. ; Mathematical logic.
    Abstract: The tableau methodology, invented in the 1950's by Beth and Hintikka and later perfected by Smullyan and Fitting, is today one of the most popular proof theoretical methodologies. Firstly because it is a very intuitive tool, and secondly because it appears to bring together the proof-theoretical and the semantical approaches to the presentation of a logical system. The increasing demand for improved tableau methods for various logics is mainly prompted by extensive applications of logic in computer science, artificial intelligence and logic programming, as well as its use as a means of conceptual analysis in mathematics, philosophy, linguistics and in the social sciences. In the last few years the renewed interest in the method of analytic tableaux has generated a plethora of new results, in classical as well as non-classical logics. On the one hand, recent advances in tableau-based theorem proving have drawn attention to tableaux as a powerful deduction method for classical first-order logic, in particular for non-clausal formulas accommodating equality. On the other hand, there is a growing need for a diversity of non-classical logics which can serve various applications, and for algorithmic presentations of these logicas in a unifying framework which can support (or suggest) a meaningful semantic interpretation. From this point of view, the methodology of analytic tableaux seems to be most suitable. Therefore, renewed research activity is being devoted to investigating tableau systems for intuitionistic, modal, temporal and many-valued logics, as well as for new families of logics, such as non-monotonic and substructural logics. The results require systematisation. This Handbook is the first to provide such a systematisation of this expanding field. It contains several chapters on the use of tableaux methods in classical logic, but also contains extensive discussions on: the uses of the methodology in intuitionistic logics modal and temporal logics substructural logics, nonmonotonic and many-valued logics the implementation of semantic tableaux a bibliography on analytic tableaux theorem proving. The result is a solid reference work to be used by students and researchers in Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence, Mathematics, Philosophy, Cognitive Sciences, Legal Studies, Linguistics, Engineering and all the areas, whether theoretical or applied, in which the algorithmic aspects of logical deduction play a role
    Description / Table of Contents: Tableau Methods for Classical Propositional LogicFirst-order Tableau Methods -- Equality and other Theories -- Tableaux for Intuitionistic Logics -- Tableau Methods for Modal and Temporal Logics -- Tableau Methods for Substructural Logics -- Tableaux for Nonmonotonic Logics -- Tableaux for Many-valued Logics -- Implementing Semantic Tableaux -- A Bibliography on Analytic Tableaux Theorem Proving.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1754-0
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  • 13
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    Hegel Reconsidered : Beyond Metaphysics and the Authoritarian State (1994)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401583787
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 259 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies in Contemporary Culture 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Ethics ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Much of contemporary philosophy, political theory, and social thought has been shaped directly or indirectly by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, though there is considerable disagreement about how his work should be understood. He has been described both as a metaphysician and characterized as an ironic narrator who anticipated the character of philosophy after metaphysics. His position is equally ambiguous with regard to his political thought. He has been construed both as an enemy of the liberal state and as a friend of freedom. This volume's revisionist reassessment, building on the scholarship of Klaus Hartmann, explores these ambiguities in favor of a non-metaphysical reading of Hegel's arguments. It also shows how the foundations of his political thought support a liberal democratic state. This reappraisal of Hegel's arguments resituates him as a philosopher who anticipates the difficulties of post-modernity and offers a basis for reassessing ontology, aesthetics, and revolution. Philosophers and those doing work in political theory will find this volume of great interest
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-8378-7
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  • 14
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    Bioethics Yearbook : Theological Developments in Bioethics: 1990-1992 (1993)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401118866
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 306 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Bioethics Yearbook 3
    DDC: 170
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Religion (General)
    Abstract: As the field of bioethics has matured, increasing attention is being paid to how bioethical issues are treated in different moral and religious traditions and in different regions of the world. It is often difficult, however, to obtain accurate information about these matters. The Bioethics Yearbook series provides interested parties with analyses of how such issues as new reproductive techniques, abortion, maternal-fetal conflicts, care of seriously ill newborns, consent, confidentiality, equitable access, cost-containment, withholding and withdrawing treatment, active euthanasia, the definition of death, and organ transplantation are being discussed in different religious traditions and regions. Volume Three discusses theological developments from 1990--1992 in Anglican, Baptist, Buddhist, Catholic, Continental Protestant, Eastern Orthodox, Hindu, Jewish, Latter-Day Saint, Lutheran, Methodist, Muslim, and Presbyterian traditions. Volume Four will continue coverage of official governmental and medical society policies on these topics throughout the world
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1886-6
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  • 15
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    Bioethics Yearbook : Regional Developments in Bioethics: 1989-1991 (1992)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401128469
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 434 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Bioethics Yearbook 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Public health laws ; Religion (General) ; Ethics ; Political science. ; Medical laws and legislation. ; Religion. ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: As noted in Volume 1, the Yearbook series alternates between a biennial volume tracing recent theological discussions on topics in bioethics and a biennial volume tracing recent regional discussions in bioethics. Volume 2 provides for the first time a comprehensive single-volume summary of recent international and regional developments on specific topics in bioethics. To give uniformity to the discussions all authors were asked to report on the following topics: new reproductive technologies, abortion, maternal-fetal conflicts, case of severely disabled newborns, consent of treatment and experimentation, confidentiality, equitable access to health care, ethical concerns raised by cost-containment measures, decisions to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatment, active euthanasia, the definition of death, organ donation and transplantation. The internationally respected contributors report on the following 16 areas: the United States, Canada, Latin America, the United Kingdom and Ireland, France, the Netherlands, Germany/Austria/Switzerland, Eastern Europe, Spain/Portugal/Italy/Scandinavia, India, Southeast Asia, China, Japan, Australia/New Zealand, Council of Europe/EEC. The commentators draw on three sets of resources: Statutes, legislative proposals, and regulatory changes that directly influence, or have implications for, areas of bioethical concern; Case law and court judgments that shape, either decisively or suggestively, recent legal interpretations of particular issues of areas in bioethics; Formal statements of governmentally appointed commissions, advisory bodies, and representative professional groups, as well as less formal statements and recommendations of other organisations. In addition to providing timely summaries of recent developments, the volume offers rich and useful bibliographical references to a wide array of documents, many of which would be difficult for readers to learn about, given the lack of centralized international collection of such documents. The Yearbook should be widely consulted by all bioethicists, public policy analysts, lawyers and theologians
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-2846-9
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  • 16
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    Bioethics Yearbook : Theological Developments in Bioethics: 1988-1990 (1991)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401131728
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 224 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Bioethics Yearbook 1
    DDC: 170
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics
    Abstract: As the field of bioethics has matured, increasing attention is being paid to how bioethical issues are treated in different moral and religious traditions and in different parts of the world. It is often difficult, however, to get accurate information about these matters. The Bioethics Yearbook Series provides interested parties with analyses of how such issues as new reproductive techniques, abortion, maternal-fetal conflicts, care of seriously ill newborns, consent, confidentiality, equitable access, cost-containment, withdrawing treatment, active euthanasia, the definition of death, and organ transplantation are being discussed in these different traditions and different parts of the world. The first volume, and every second succeeding volume, will discuss developments in the Anglican, Baptist, Buddhist, Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Hindu, Jewish, LDS, Lutheran, Methodist, Muslim, and Presbyterian Traditions. The second volume, and every second volume succeeding it, will discuss official governmental and medical society policies on these topics throughout the world
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-3172-8
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  • 17
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    The Use of Human Beings in Research : With Special Reference to Clinical Trials (1988)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400927056
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 28
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Public health laws ; Ethics ; Medical laws and legislation. ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: Section I / Human Experimentation and the Legacy of Nuremberg -- The Search for Universality in the Ethics of Human Research: Andrew C. Ivy, Henry K. Beecher, and the Legacy of Nuremberg -- Section II / The Development in Medicine of the Imperative to Conduct Research with Human Subjects: an Historical Analysis -- Cultural Contents in the History of the Use of Human Subjects in Research -- Reflections on the History of Human Experimentation -- Comparative Models and Goals for the Regulation of Human Research -- Moral Appropriateness in Human Research -- Public Control over Biomedical Experiments Involving Human Beings: An Israeli Perspective -- Section III / Ethical and Epistemological Issues in Randomized Clinical Trials -- Diagnosing Well and Treating Prudently: Randomized Clinical Trials and the Problem of Knowing Truly -- Research Risks, Randomization, and Risks to Research: Reflections on the Prudential Use of “Pilot” Trials -- Epistemological Presuppositions Involved in the Programs of Human Research -- At What Level of Statistical Certainty Ought a Random Clinical Trial to be Interrupted? -- Comment on Michael Ruse’s Essay -- Section IV / Obligations and the Avoidance of Injury -- Is There an Obligation to Participate in Biomedical Research? -- Physicians Experimenting on Themselves: Some Ethical and Philosophical Considerations -- Protection of Human Subjects: Remedies for Injury -- Israel Health Regulations: Experiments on Human Subjects - 1980 -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: This volume, which has developed from the Fourteenth Trans­ Disciplinary Symposium on Philosophy and Medicine, September 5-8, 1982, at Tel Aviv University, Israel, contains the contributions of a group of distinguished scholars who together examine the ethical issues raised by the advance of biomedical science and technology. We are, of course, still at the beginning of a revolution in our understanding of human biology; scientific medicine and clinical research are scarcely one hundred years old. Both the sciences and the technology of medicine until ten or fifteen years ago had the feeling of the 19th century about them; we sense that they belonged to an older time; that era is ending. The next twenty-five to fifty years of investigative work belong to neurobiology, genetics, and reproductive biology. The technologies of information processing and imaging will make diagnosis and treatment almost incomprehensible by my generation of physicians. Our science and technology will become so powerful that we shall require all of the art and wisdom we can muster to be sure that they remain dedicated, as Francis Bacon hoped four centuries ago, "to the uses of life." It is well that, as philosophers and physicians, we grapple with the issues now when they are relatively simple, and while the pace of change is relatively slow. We require a strategy for the future; that strategy must be worked out by scientists, philosophers, physicians, lawyers, theologians, and, I should like to add, artists and poets.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2705-6
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  • 18
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    The Law-Medicine Relation: A Philosophical Exploration : Proceedings of the Eighth Trans-Disciplinary Symposium on Philosophy and Medicine Held at Farmington, Connecticut, November 9-11, 1978 (1981)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400984073
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXX, 293 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: Section I / The Physician’s and Researcher’s Mandate from Society: Biomedical, Legal, and Ethical Considerations -- Introductory Comments -- Clinical Intuition: A Procedure for Balancing the Rights of Patients and the Responsibilities of Physicians -- Physicians and Society: Tribulations of Power and Responsibility -- Clinical Investigations in Developing Countries: Legal and Regulatory Issues in the Promotion of Research and the Protection of Human Rights -- Federal Regulation of Medicine and Biomedical Research: Power, Authority and Legitimacy -- Section II / Causation and Responsibility: Science, Medicine and the Law -- Causation and Responsibility: Medicine, Science and the Law -- Relevant Causes: Their Designation in Medicine and Law -- Time, Law and Responsibility: Additional Thoughts on Causality -- Section III / The Psychiatrist’s Dilemma: Duty to Patient or Duty to Society? -- Psychotherapeutic Discretion and Judicial Decision: A Case of Enigmatic Justice -- The Morality of Involuntary Hospitalization -- Duty to the Patient or Society: Reflections on the Psychiatrist’s Dilemma -- Section IV / Decision Making at the Beginning of Life: Medicine, Ethics and the Law -- The Bearing of Prognosis on the Ethics of Medicine: Congenital Anomalies, the Social Context and the Law -- Substantive Criteria and Procedures in Withholding Care from Defective Newborns -- Is Existence Ever an Injury?: The Wrongful Life Cases -- Wrongful Life: A Reply to Angela Holder -- Section V / Round Table Discussion — Legal Rights and Moral Responsibilities in the Health Care Process -- Physician, Patient and Malpractice: An Historical Perspective -- The Concept of a Right Ordering -- The Function of Legal Rights in the Health Care Setting -- The Child-Patient: Do Parents have the ‘Right to Decide’? -- Legal Rights and Moral Responsibilities in the Health Care Process -- Closing Remarks -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: This volume is a contribution to the continuing interaction between law and medicine. Problems arising from this interaction have been addressed, in part, by previous volumes in this series. In fact, one such problem constitutes the central focus of Volume 5, Mental Illness: Law and Public Policy [1]. The present volume joins other volumes in this series in offering an exploration and critical analysis of concepts and values underlying health care. In this volume, however, we look as well at some of the general questions occasioned by the law's relation with medicine. We do so out of a conviction that medi­ cine and the law must be understood as the human creations they are, reflect­ ing important, wide-ranging, but often unaddressed aspects of the nature of the human condition. It is only by such philosophical analysis of the nature of the conceptual foundations of the health care professions and of the legal profession that we will be able to judge whether these professions do indeed serve our best interests. Such philosophical explorations are required for the public policy decisions that will be pressed upon us through the increasing complexity of health care and of the law's response to new and changing circumstances. As a consequence, this volume attends as much to issues in public policy as in the law. The law is, after all, the creature of human deci­ sions concerning prudent public policy and basic human rights and goods.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-8407-3
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  • 19
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    The Roots of Ethics : Science, Religion, and Values (1981)
    Boston, MA : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461333036
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 450 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Hastings Center Series in Ethics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics
    Abstract: 1 A Crisis in Moral Philosophy: Why Is the Search for the Foundations of Ethics So Frustrating? -- Ethics, Foundations, and Science: Response to Alasdair MacIntyre -- 2 Moral Autonomy -- 3 The Concept of Responsibility: An Inquiry into the Foundations of an Ethics for Our Age -- 4 From System to Story: An Alternative Pattern for Rationality in Ethics -- 5 Can Medicine Dispense with a Theological Perspective on Human Nature? -- Kant’s Moral Theology or a Religious Ethics? -- A Rejoinder to a Rejoinder -- 6 Theology and Ethics: An Interpretation of the Agenda -- Response to James M. Gustafson -- Rejoinder to Hans Jonas -- 7 The Moral Psychology of Science -- 8 The Poverty of Scientism and the Promise of Structuralist Ethics -- 9 Natural Selection and Societal Laws -- 10 Evolution, Social Behavior, and Ethics -- 11 Attitudes toward Eugenics in Germany and Soviet Russia in the 1920’s: An Examination of Science and Values -- 12 Are Science and Ethics Compatible? -- 13 How Can We Reconnect the Sciences with the Foundations of Ethics? -- The Multiple Connections between Science and Ethics: Response to Stephen Toulmin.
    Abstract: OUR AGE IS CHARACTERIZED by an uncertainty about the na­ ture of moral obligations, about what one can hope for in an afterlife, and about the limits of human knowledge. These uncertainties were captured by Immanuel Kant in his Critique of Pure Reason, where he noted three basic human questions: what can we know, what ought we to do, and what can we hope for. Those questions and the uncer­ tainties about their answers still in great part define our cultural per­ spective. In particular, we are not clear about the foundations of ethics, or about their relationship to religion and to science. This volume brings together previously published essays that focus on these inter­ relationships and their uncertainties. It offers an attempt to sketch the interrelationship among three major intellectual efforts: determining moral obligations, the ultimate purpose and goals of man and the cosmos, and the nature of empirical reality. Though imperfect, it is an effort to frame the unity of the human condition, which is captured in part by ethics, in part by religion, and in part by the sciences. Put another way, this collection of essays springs from an attempt to see the unity of humans who engage in the diverse roles of valuers, be­ lievers, and knowers, while still remaining single, individual humans.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-3303-6
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  • 20
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    Semantical Investigations in Heyting’s Intuitionistic Logic (1981)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401729772
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 294 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 148
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Semantics ; Logic ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: Logical Systems and Semantics -- Introducing HPC -- The Kripke, Beth and Topological Interpretations for HPC -- Heyting’s Propositional Calculus and Extensions -- Three Intermediate Logics -- Formulas in One Variable -- Propositional Connectives -- The Interpolation Theorem -- Second Order Propositional Calculus -- Modified Kripke Interpretation -- Theories in HPC 1 -- Theories in HPC 2 -- Completeness of HPC with Respect to RE and Post Structures -- Undecidability Results -- Decidability Results.
    Abstract: From the point of view of non-classical logics, Heyting's implication is the smallest implication for which the deduction theorem holds. This book studies properties of logical systems having some of the classical connectives and implication in the neighbourhood of Heyt­ ing's implication. I have not included anything on entailment, al­ though it belongs to this neighbourhood, mainly because of the appearance of the Anderson-Belnap book on entailment. In the later chapters of this book, I have included material that might be of interest to the intuitionist mathematician. Originally, I intended to include more material in that spirit but I decided against it. There is no coherent body of material to include that builds naturally on the present book. There are some serious results on topological models, second order Beth and Kripke models, theories of types, etc., but it would require further research to be able to present a general theory, possibly using sheaves. That would have postponed pUblication for too long. I would like to dedicate this book to my colleagues, Professors G. Kreisel, M.O. Rabin and D. Scott. I have benefited greatly from Professor Kreisel's criticism and suggestions. Professor Rabin's fun­ damental results on decidability and undecidability provided the powerful tools used in obtaining the majority of the results reported in this book. Professor Scott's approach to non-classical logics and especially his analysis of the Scott consequence relation makes it possible to present Heyting's logic as a beautiful, integral part of non-classical logics.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2977-2
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  • 21
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    Mental Illness: Law and Public Policy (1980)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400989726
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 255 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: Section I / The Concept of Mental Illness and the Law -- The Concept of Mental Illness: A Philosophical Examination -- Legal Conceptions of Mental Illness -- Section II / Criminal and Civil Liability of the Mentally Ill -- Minds on Trial -- Mental Abnormality, Personal Responsibility, and Tort Liability -- Section III / Involuntary Civil Commitment of the Mentally Ill -- Paternalistic Grounds for Involuntary Civil Commitment: A Utilitarian Perspective -- Involuntary Civil Commitment: The Moral Issues -- Section IV / Thomas Szasz’s Proposals: A Reconstruction and Defense -- Critical Use of Utilitarian Arguments: Szasz on Paternalism -- Section V / Critical Commentaries -- Function of Mental Health Codes in Relation to the Criminal Justice System -- The Diminished Moral Status of the Mentally Ill -- A Concern for Hardening of the Categories -- Involuntary Civil Commitment: Concerning the Grounds of Ethics -- Notes on Contributors -- Index 251.
    Abstract: This volume developed from and around a series of six lectures sponsored by Rice University and the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston in the Fall of 1976. Though these lectures on the concepts of mental health, mental illness and personal responsibility, and the social treatment of the mentally ill were given to general audiences in Houston and Galveston, they were revised and expanded to produce six extensive formal essays by Dan Brock, Jules Coleman, Joseph Margolis, Michael Moore, Jerome Neu, and Rolf Sartorius. The five remaining contributions by Daniel Creson, Corinna Delkeskamp, Edmund Erde, James Speer, and Stephen Wear were in various ways engendered by the debates occasioned by the original six lectures. In fact, the majority of the last five contributions emerged from informal dis· cussions occasioned by the original lecture series. The result is an interlocking set of essays that address the law and public policy insofar as they bear on the treatment of the mentally ill, special atten· tion being given to the defmition of mental illness, generally and in the law, to the issues of the bearing of mental incompetence in cases of criminal and civil liability, and to the issue of involuntary commitment for the purpose of treatment or for institutional care. There is as well a critical defense of Thomas Szasz's radical proposal that mental illnesses are best understood as problems in living, not as diseases.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-8972-6
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  • 22
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    Mental Health: Philosophical Perspectives : Proceedings of the Fourth Trans-Disciplinary Symposium on Philosophy and Medicine Held at Galveston, Texas, May 16-18, 1976 (1978)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401569095
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 302 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: Section I / American Legal Perspectives on Insanity: Some Roots in the Nineteenth Century -- American Medico-Legal Traditions and Concepts of Mental Health: The Nineteenth Century -- Philosophical Reflections in the Nineteenth Century Medicolegal Discussion -- Section II / Mental Illness and Mental Complaints: Some Conceptual Presuppositions -- How Much Neurosis Should We Bear? -- Psychic Health, Mental Clarity, Self-Knowledge and Other Virtues -- Models and Mental Illness -- Disease Viewed as a Symbolic Category -- Health and Disease: The Holistic Approach -- Section III / Phenomenological and Speculative Views of Mental Illness -- A Metabletic-Philosophical Evaluation of Mental Health -- Synchronism and Therapy -- Commemorative Remarks in Honor of Erwin W. Straus -- Bibliography of the Works of Erwin W. Straus -- Environments of the Mind -- Luminosity: The Unconscious in the Integrated Person -- Body, Mind, and Conditions of Novelty: Some Remarks on Leonard C. Feldstein’s Luminosity -- Section IV / Acting Freely and Acting in Good Health -- Motivational Disturbances and Free Will -- Towards an Understanding of Motivational Disturbance and Freedom of Action: Comments on ‘Motivational Disturbances and Free Will’ -- Section V / The Myth of Mental Illness: A Further Examination -- The Concept of Mental Illness: Explanation or Justification? -- Szasz on Mental Illness -- Section VI / Reappraising the Concepts of Mental Health and Disease -- H. Tristram Engelhardt Jr. / Chairman’s Remarks -- Closing Reflections -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: The concept 'health' is ambiguous [18,9, 11]. The concept 'mental health' is even more so. 'Health' compasses senses of well-being, wholeness, and sound­ ness that mean more than the simple freedom from illness - a fact appreci­ ated in the World Health Organization's definition of health as more than the absence of disease or infirmity [7]. The wide range of viewpoints of the con­ tributors to this volume attests to the scope of issues placed under the rubric 'mental health. ' These papers, presented at the Fourth Symposium on Philos­ ophy and Medicine, were written and discussed within a broad context of interests concerning mental health. Moreover, in their diversity these papers point to the many descriptive, evaluative, and, in fact, performative functions of statements concerning mental health. Before introducing the substance of these papers in any detail, I want to indicate the profound commerce between philosophical and psychological ideas in theories of mental health and disease. This will be done in part by a consideration of some conceptual developments in the history of psychiatry, as well as through an analysis of some of the functions of the notions of mental illness and health. 'Mental health' lays a special stress on the wholeness of human intuition, emotion, thought, and action.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-6909-5
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  • 23
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    Philosophical Dimensions of the Neuro-Medical Sciences : Proceedings of the Second Trans-Disciplinary Symposium on Philosophy and Medicine Held at Farmington, Connecticut, May 15-17, 1975 (1976)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401014731
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 274 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: Section I / Historical Foundations of Modern Neurology -- Varieties of Cartesian Experience in Early Nineteenth Century Neurophysiology -- Historical Development of the Concept of Hemispheric Cerebral Dominance -- Reflections on Our Condition: The Geography of Embodiment Comments on ‘Varieties of Cartesian Experience in Early Nineteenth Century Neurophysiology’ and ‘Historical Development of the Concept of Hemispheric Cerebral Dominance’ -- Section II / Philosophical Implications of Psychosurgery -- Persons and Psychosurgery -- Psychosurgery: What’s the Issue? Comments on ‘Persons and Psychosurgery’ -- Section III / Neural Integration and the Emergence of Consciousness -- Mind, It Does Matter -- Mind and Brain: The Embodied Person -- The Misleading Mediation of the Mental: Comments, on ‘Mind, It Does Matter’ and ‘Mind and Brain: The Embodied Person’ -- Section IV / The Causal Aspect of the Psycho-Physical Problem: Implications for Neuro-Medicine -- On the Power or Impotence of Subjectivity -- The Spurious Psyche-Soma Distinction: Comments on ‘On the Power or Impotence of Subjectivity’ -- Section V / Altered Affective Responses to Pain -- Pain and Unpleasantness -- Pain — The Existential Symptom -- The Evaluation of Pain Responses: A Need for Improved Measures -- Pain and Suffering: Comments on ‘Pain and Unpleasantness,’ ‘Pain — The Existential Symptom,’ and ‘The Evaluation of Pain Responses: A Need for Improved Measures’ -- Section VI / The Function of Philosophical Concepts in the Neuro-Medical Sciences -- Round-Table Discussion -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: Although the investigation and regulation of the faculties of the human mind appear to be the proper and sole concern of philosophers, you see that they are in some part nevertheless so little foreign to the medical forum that while someone may deny that they are proper to the physician he cannot deny that physicians have the obliga­ tion to philosophize. Jerome Gaub, De regimine mentis, IV, 10 ([ 10], p. 40) The Second Trans-Disciplinary Symposium on Philosophy and Medicine, whose principal theme was 'Philosophical Dimensions of the Neuro-Medical Sciences,' convened at the University of Connecticut Health Center at the invitation of Robert U. Massey, Dean of the School of Medicine, during May 15, 16, and 17, 1975. The Proceedings constitute this volume. At this Symposium we intended to realize sentiments which Sir John Eccles ex­ pressed as director of a Study Week of the Pontificia Academia Scientiarum, CiWl del Vaticano, in the fall of 1964: "Certainly when one comes to a [study] . . . devoted to brain and mind it is not possible to exclude relations with philosophy" ([5], p. viii). During that study week in 1964, a group of distinguished biomedical and behavioral scientists met under the director­ ship of Sir John C. Eccles to relate psychology to what Sir John called 'the Neurosciences. ' The purpose of that study week was to treat issues con­ cerning the functions of the brain and, in particular, to concentrate upon the relations between brain functions and consciousness.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-1473-1
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  • 24
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    Investigations in Modal and Tense Logics with Applications to Problems in Philosophy and Linguistics (1976)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401014533
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (317p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 92
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 92
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Mathematical logic.
    Abstract: 0: An Introduction to General Intensional Logics -- 0 / Consequence Relations -- 1: An Introduction to One Dimensional Modal Logics -- 1 / Basic Notions -- 2 / General Theory of Unary Intensional Connectives -- 3 / Basic Necessity Systems -- 4 / Basic Tense Systems -- 5 / Possible Worlds with Varying Domains -- 6 / Equality and Proper Names -- 7 / Propositional Statability Operators -- 2: Technical Results for Propositional Calculi -- 8 / The Finite Model Property -- 9 / Selective Filtration -- 3: Introduction to Many Dimensionel Modal Logics and Applications -- 10 / Two Dimensional Propositional Tense Logics -- 11 / An Appendix -- 12 / Some Applications -- 4: Special Systems -- 13 / Relative Necessity Operators and the Subjunctive Conditional -- 14 / Propositional Quantifiers -- 15 / Basic Entailment Type Logics -- 5: The Decision Problem -- 16 / The Reduction Method -- 17 / Some Decidability Results -- 18 / The Decision Problem for Predicate Systems -- 6: Special Topics -- 19 / Completeness for Frames -- 20 / The Interpolation Theorem -- 7: Notes and Some References -- Scheme of the Book -- References -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: This book is intended to serve as an advanced text and reference work on modal logic, a subject of growing importance which has applications to philosophy and linguistics. Although it is based mainly on research which I carried out during the years 1969-1973, it also includes some related results obtained by other workers in the field (see the refer­ ences in Part 7). Parts 0, 1 and 2, can be used as the basis of a one year graduate course in modal logic. The material which they contain has been taught in such courses at Stanford since 1970. The remaining parts of the book contain more than enough material for a second course in modal logic. The exercises supplement the text and are usually difficult. I wish to thank Stanford University and Bar-Han University for making it possible for me to continue and finish this work, and A. Ungar for correcting the typescript. Bar-Ilan University, Israel Dov M. GABBA Y PART 0 AN INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL INTENSIONAL LOGICS CHAPTER 0 CONSEQUENCE RELATIONS Motivation We introduce the notions of a consequence relation (which is a generalization of the notion of a logical system) and of a semantics. We show that every consequence relation is complete for a canonical semantics. We define the notion of one semantics being Dian in another and study the basic properties of this notion. The concepts of this chapter are generalizations of the various notions of logical system and possible world semantics found in the literature.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-1453-3
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  • 25
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    Evaluation and Explanation in the Biomedical Sciences : Proceedings of the First Trans-Disciplinary Symposium on Philosophy and Medicine Held at Galveston, May 9-11, 1974 (1975)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401017695
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (246p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: Section I / Value and Explanation: Historical Roots -- Some Basic Explanations of Disease: An Historian’s Viewpoint -- Diseases Versus Healths: Some Legacies in the Philosophies of Modern Medical Science -- Section II / Philosophy of Science in Transition to a Philosophy of Medicine -- Concepts of Function and Mechanism in Medicine and Medical Science (Hommage à Claude Bernard) -- Organs, Organisms and Disease: Human Ontology and Medical Practice -- Comments on “Concepts of Function and Mechanism in Medicine and Medical Science” and “Organs, Organisms and Disease” -- Section III / Ethics and Medicine -- How Virtues Become Vices: Values, Medicine and Social Context -- Moral Philosophy and Medical Perplexity: Comments on “How Virtues Become Vices” -- Section IV / Concepts in Medical Theory -- The Concepts of Health and Disease -- On Disease: Theories of Disease and the Ascription of Disease: Comments on “The Concepts of Health and Disease” -- Section V / Body and Self: Phenomenological Perspectives -- Context and Reflexivity: The Genealogy of Self -- Comments on “Context and Reflexivity” -- The Lived-Body as Catalytic Agent: Reaction at the Interface of Medicine and Philosophy -- Comments on “The Lived-Body as Catalytic Agent” -- Section VI / The Role of Philosophy in the Biomedical Sciences: Contribution or Intrusion? -- Round-Table Discussion -- Notes on Contributors.
    Abstract: This volume inaugurates a series concerning philosophy and medicine. There are few, if any, areas of social concern so pervasive as medicine and yet as underexamined by philosophy. But the claim to precedence of the Proceedings of the First Trans-Disciplinary Symposium on Philos­ ophy and Medicine must be qualified. Claims to be "first" are notorious in the history of scientific as well as humanistic investigation and the claim that the First Trans-Disciplinary Symposium on Philosophy and Medicine has no precedent is not meant to be put in bald form. The editors clearly do not maintain that philosophers and physicians have not heretofore discussed matters of mutual concern, nor that individual philosophers and physicians have never taken up problems and concepts in medicine which are themselves at the boundary or interface of these two disciplines - concepts like "matter," "disease," "psyche. " Surely there have been books published on the logic and philosophy of medi­ 1 cine. But the formalization of issues and concepts in medicine has not received, at least in this century, sustained interest by professional phi­ losophers. Groups of philosophers have not engaged medicine in order to explicate its philosophical presuppositions and to sort out the various concepts which appear in medicine. The scope of such an effort takes the philosopher beyond problems and issues which today are subsumed under the rubric "medical ethics.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-1769-5
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  • 26
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    Mind-Body: A Categorial Relation (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401507660
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Medicine—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- A. Occasions for an Investigation -- B. Categories and Categorial Accounts -- C. Programs of Investigation -- D. Legitimacy of This Investigation -- II. A Phenomenology of Mind and Body -- A. Experience of Mind-Body -- B. A Phenomenological Outline of an Ontology -- III. Alternative Accounts -- A. Conflicting Ontologies -- B. Transcendental Requirements -- IV. A Transcendental Ontological Account -- A. A Dialectical Relation -- B. The Dialectic of Mind and Body -- C. Negative and Positive Dialectics and the Identity in Difference -- D. An Answer to the Quid Juris -- V. Ontological and Empirical Structures -- A. Transcendental and Empirical Science -- B. The Mind’s Embodiment -- G. Structural Integration and Independence of Mind and Body -- D. Psyche and Soma -- E. Conclusion.
    Abstract: The relation of mind and body is one of the central problems of post­ Cartesian times. It has precluded a unified theory of the positive sciences and prevented a satisfactory notion of man's psychophysical unity. Gen­ erally it has been treated as a problem of causality and solutions have been sought in various schemata of etiological relations. Proposals have ranged from that of reciprocal action between two substances and two causal streams to a reduction of all phenomena to a single causal stream involving a single class of substances. This investigation will abandon such schemata and attempt to start afresh. It will analyze the relation of strata of meaning involved and will be only tangentially concerned with the causal relations of mind and body. This investigation will view the relation of mind and body no longer as the association of two substances, two things, but as the integration of two levels of conceptual richness. This is a move from hypostatization, reification, to categorialization - a move from the opacity of things to the relative lucidity of their significance. It recognizes that philosophy seeks not new facts about being but rather a way of understanding the integration of widely diverse domains of facts. Here the goal is the expla­ nation of the unity of being, specifically the being of mind and body, in terms of thought - that for which being has significance and that for which incongruities of significance appear as a problem.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. IntroductionA. Occasions for an Investigation -- B. Categories and Categorial Accounts -- C. Programs of Investigation -- D. Legitimacy of This Investigation -- II. A Phenomenology of Mind and Body -- A. Experience of Mind-Body -- B. A Phenomenological Outline of an Ontology -- III. Alternative Accounts -- A. Conflicting Ontologies -- B. Transcendental Requirements -- IV. A Transcendental Ontological Account -- A. A Dialectical Relation -- B. The Dialectic of Mind and Body -- C. Negative and Positive Dialectics and the Identity in Difference -- D. An Answer to the Quid Juris -- V. Ontological and Empirical Structures -- A. Transcendental and Empirical Science -- B. The Mind’s Embodiment -- G. Structural Integration and Independence of Mind and Body -- D. Psyche and Soma -- E. Conclusion.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-0766-0
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