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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (7)
  • Deininger, Klaus  (3)
  • Hegre, Havard  (2)
  • Kelly, Jocelyn TD.  (2)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (7)
  • Conflict and Development  (7)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of the Russian Invasion on Ukrainian Farmers' Productivity, Rural Welfare, and Food Security (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Deininger, Klaus Impact of the Russian Invasion on Ukrainian Farmers' Productivity, Rural Welfare, and Food Security
    Keywords: Agricultural Production ; Agriculture ; Armed Conflict Impact on Agriculture ; Conflict and Development ; Credit Markets ; Farm Profitability ; Food Security ; Post Conflict Reconstruction ; Post-Conflict Agricultural Reconstruction ; Rural Impact of War ; Rural Welfare
    Abstract: Data from 2,251 small and medium-size farms for 2021 and 2022 show that area reductions in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine remained limited. However, worsening terms of trade reduced farm profitability, implying that 46 percent of farms had a negative cash flow and 54 percent (67 percent in the 50-120 hectare group) were credit constrained in 2022, implying that longer term effects may be more adverse. Total factor productivity varies significantly across size groups but is not significantly different between formal and informal farms in the same size group. This suggests that limited transferability of land use rights that are disproportionately used by smaller farms may be one reason for low productivity. Improving transferability of land, digital access to markets, and mortgage lending could thus trigger investment and growth in higher value products by small and medium-size farms to solidify Ukraine's comparative advantage in agriculture and improve rural living conditions in the context of reconstruction
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10464
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Land and Mortgage Markets in Ukraine : Pre-War Performance, War Effects, and Implications for Recovery (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Deininger, Klaus Land and Mortgage Markets in Ukraine: Pre-War Performance, War Effects, and Implications for Recovery
    Keywords: Agricultural Land Sales ; Agricultural Production ; Communities and Human Settlements ; Conflict and Development ; Credit Market ; Determinates of Land Price ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Impact of War on Markets ; Land Governance Reform ; Land Market ; Post War Reconstruction
    Abstract: Almost throughout Ukraine's independent history, agricultural land sales were prohibited. Measures to allow them and make land governance more transparent in 2020/21 were expected to improve equity, investment, credit access, and decentralization. This paper draws on administrative data and satellite imagery to describe land market performance before and after the Russian invasion, assess changes in land use for transacted parcels, and analyze determinants of land prices. Agricultural land market volume soon exceeded that of residential land and continued at a reduced level and with prices some 15-20 percent lower even after the invasion, with little sign of speculative land acquisition. Mortgage market activity and credit access remained below expectations. The paper discusses reasons and options for addressing them in a way that also factors in the needs of post-war reconstruction
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10385
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Quantifying War-Induced Crop Losses in Ukraine in near Real Time to Strengthen Local and Global Food Security (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Deininger, Klaus Quantifying War-Induced Crop Losses in Ukraine in near Real Time to Strengthen Local and Global Food Security
    Keywords: Agricultural Production ; Agriculture ; Armed Conflict ; Conflict ; Conflict and Development ; Food Security ; Machine Learning ; War
    Abstract: This paper uses a 4-year panel (2019-2022) of 10,125 village councils in Ukraine to estimate direct and indirect effects of the war started by Russia on area and expected yield of winter crops. Satellite imagery is used to provide information on direct damage to agricultural fields; classify crop cover using machine learning; and compute the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for winter cereal fields as a proxy for yield. Without conflict, winter crop area would have been 9.14 rather than 8.38 mn. ha, a 0.75 mn. ha reduction, 86% of which is due to economy-wide effects. The estimated conflict-induced drop in NDVI for winter cereal, which is particularly pronounced for small farms, translates into a 15% yield reduction or an output loss of 4.2 million tons. Taking area and yield reduction together suggests a war-induced loss of winter crop output of 20% if the current winter crop can be harvested fully
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10123
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Conflict, Displacement and Overlapping Vulnerabilities : Understanding Risk Factors for Gender-Based Violence among Displaced Women in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Kelly, Jocelyn TD Conflict, Displacement and Overlapping Vulnerabilities: Understanding Risk Factors for Gender-Based Violence among Displaced Women in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
    Keywords: Armed Conflict ; Conflict and Development ; Conflict-Affected States ; Cycle Of Violence ; Displaced Persons ; Gender ; Gender and Poverty ; Gender-Based Violence ; Internal Displacement ; Intimate Partner Violence ; Political Violence ; Poverty Reduction ; Sexual Violence ; Social Cohesion ; Social Conflict and Violence ; Vulnerability
    Abstract: Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo has been embroiled in decades-long conflict that has resulted in the forced displacement of millions of people and extremely high rates of gender-based violence. Much attention has been focused on conflict-related sexual violence; however, it is important to recognize that intimate partner violence is one of the most pervasive forms of gender-based violence in the world, including in conflict settings. This paper is among the first to use a large, randomized survey to analyze both sexual violence and intimate partner violence as outcomes. Displacement increases a woman's risk of past-year intimate partner violence by 6 percent and experiencing war abuses increases the risk of lifetime intimate partner violence by 9 percent, after adjusting for other risk factors. Both exposure to war-related experiences and displacement independently increase the risk of past-year sexual violence by 6 percent, after adjusting for other risk factors. Forced displacement and traumatic war-related experiences are risk factors for intimate partner violence and sexual violence in this setting. Acknowledging these risks and creating programs that explicitly address the high risk of violence faced by displaced and war-affected women can more effectively break the cycles of violence that are often perpetuated in fragile settings
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9819
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Risk that Travels with You : Links between Forced Displacement, Conflict and Intimate Partner Violence in Colombia and Liberia (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Kelly, Jocelyn TD The Risk that Travels with You: Links between Forced Displacement, Conflict and Intimate Partner Violence in Colombia and Liberia
    Keywords: Armed Conflict ; Conflict ; Conflict and Development ; Forced Displacement ; Gender ; Gender and Development ; Gender and Social Policy ; Gender-Based Violence ; Inequality ; Intimate Partner Violence ; Marriage ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Cohesion ; Violence Against Girls ; Violence Against Women
    Abstract: In 2020, the United Nations reported the highest number of displaced persons ever recorded; more than half of this population was comprised of women and girls. Displacement and conflict substantially heighten the risk of gender-based violence, including intimate partner violence, for women and girls. The current study aims to examine the links between conflict, forced displacement, and intimate partner violence in two different conflict-affected settings: Colombia and Liberia. This paper draws on population-based data measuring intimate partner violence, combined with political science data on political violence. The findings show that forced displacement is highly and significantly associated with increased lifetime and past-year intimate partner violence. Displaced women in Colombia and Liberia have between 40 and 55 percent greater odds of experiencing past-year intimate partner violence compared with their nondisplaced counterparts. In each country, both conflict and displacement were independently and significantly associated with past-year intimate partner violence. Recognizing the increased prevalence of intimate partner violence for women who have been displaced is vital to providing effective assistance. As part of humanitarian, state, and peacebuilding efforts, displaced and conflict-affected women should be able to access a range of assistance services to help them heal from the impacts of the violence
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9825
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Population Size, Concentration, And Civil War : A Geographically Disaggregated Analysis (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (36 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Raleigh, Clionadh Population Size, Concentration, And Civil War
    Keywords: Armed Conflict ; Armed conflict ; Civil War ; Conflict and Development ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Internal conflicts ; National level ; Policy Research ; Policy Research Working Paper ; Population Policies ; Population Size ; Population groups ; Post Conflict Reconstruction ; Progress ; Small countries ; Social Conflict and Violence ; Social Development ; Armed Conflict ; Armed conflict ; Civil War ; Conflict and Development ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Internal conflicts ; National level ; Policy Research ; Policy Research Working Paper ; Population Policies ; Population Size ; Population groups ; Post Conflict Reconstruction ; Progress ; Small countries ; Social Conflict and Violence ; Social Development ; Armed Conflict ; Armed conflict ; Civil War ; Conflict and Development ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Internal conflicts ; National level ; Policy Research ; Policy Research Working Paper ; Population Policies ; Population Size ; Population groups ; Post Conflict Reconstruction ; Progress ; Small countries ; Social Conflict and Violence ; Social Development
    Abstract: Why do larger countries have more armed conflict? This paper surveys three sets of hypotheses forwarded in the conflict literature regarding the relationship between the size and location of population groups: Hypotheses based on pure population mass, on distances, on population concentrations, and some residual state-level characteristics. The hypotheses are tested on a new dataset-ACLED (Armed Conflict Location and Events Dataset)-which disaggregates internal conflicts into individual events. The analysis covers 14 countries in Central Africa. The conflict event data are juxtaposed with geographically disaggregated data on populations, distance to capitals, borders, and road networks. The paper develops a statistical method to analyze this type of data. The analysis confirms several of the hypotheses
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Democratic Jihad ? : Military Intervention And Democracy (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (62 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Hegre, Havard Democratic Jihad ?
    Keywords: Civil War ; Conflict and Development ; Democracy ; Foreign policy ; Governance ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Parliamentary Government ; Peace ; Peace and Peacekeeping ; Policy Research ; Policy Research Working Paper ; Political instability ; Politics and Government ; Population Policies ; Post Conflict Reconstruction ; Progress ; Wars ; Woman ; Civil War ; Conflict and Development ; Democracy ; Foreign policy ; Governance ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Parliamentary Government ; Peace ; Peace and Peacekeeping ; Policy Research ; Policy Research Working Paper ; Political instability ; Politics and Government ; Population Policies ; Post Conflict Reconstruction ; Progress ; Wars ; Woman ; Civil War ; Conflict and Development ; Democracy ; Foreign policy ; Governance ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Parliamentary Government ; Peace ; Peace and Peacekeeping ; Policy Research ; Policy Research Working Paper ; Political instability ; Politics and Government ; Population Policies ; Post Conflict Reconstruction ; Progress ; Wars ; Woman
    Abstract: Democracies rarely if ever fight one another, but they participate in wars as frequently as autocracies. They tend to win the wars in which they participate. Democracies frequently build large alliances in wartime, but not only with other democracies. From time to time democracies intervene militarily in ongoing conflicts. The democratic peace may contribute to a normative justification for such interventions, for the purpose of promoting democracy and eventually for the promotion of peace. This is reinforced by an emerging norm of humanitarian intervention. Democracies may have a motivation to intervene in non-democracies, even in the absence of ongoing conflict, for the purpose of regime change. The recent Iraq War may be interpreted in this perspective. A strong version of this type of foreign policy may be interpreted as a democratic crusade. The paper examines the normative and theoretical foundations of democratic interventionism. An empirical investigation of interventions in the period 1960-96 indicates that democracies intervene quite frequently, but rarely against other democracies. In the short term, democratic intervention appears to be successfully promoting democratization, but the target states tend to end up among the unstable semi-democracies. The most widely publicized recent interventions are targeted on poor or resource-dependent countries in non-democratic neighborhoods. Previous research has found these characteristics to reduce the prospects for stable democracy. Thus, forced democratization is unpredictable with regard to achieving long-term democracy and potentially harmful with regard to securing peace. But short-term military successes may stimulate more interventions until the negative consequences become more visible
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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