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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (8)
  • Online Resource  (8)
  • 1950-1954  (8)
  • History.  (8)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Herman Heijermans and His Dramas (1954)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401191555
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; History. ; Linguistics.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- II. Herman Heijermans — A Biographical Sketch -- III. Protests against Religious Conservatism and Intolerance -- IV. “The Men Hemmed in with the Spears” -- V. Marriage and the Family -- VI. “The Root of All Evil” -- VII. Fantasies and Satires -- VIII. The Influence of Ibsen and Hauptmann -- IX. Theory, Style, and Technique -- Notes -- Bibliographies.
    Abstract: During the last two decades of the nineteenth century the Dutch drama, which had lapsed into astate of somnolence since the glorious days of VondeI, suddenly awoke to vigorous life. Not only did gifted dramatists appear, but talented directors, actors, and actresses brought new splendor to the theatre. Yet this brilliant flame did not burst forth in a vacuum, and to appre­ ciate the quality of its light, it must be viewed against the back­ ground of its origins in the European drama. After the middle of the century the emphasis in literary creation had shifted from a subjective, emotional point of view to a more objective and rationalistic attitude. If this seems only a roundabout way of saying that Romanticism yielded its dominance to Realism and Naturalism, the conc1usion is justified, but we should not yield too readily to the pseudo-scientific mania which urges us to force literature into a genus and species type of c1assification. It is customary to say that in the eighties and nineties, Nat­ uralism won a decisive victory over Romanticism and drove the partisans of the older movement from the field. At first glance this does, indeed, appear to be true. Hugo yields to Zola, Pushkin to Tolstoi, Tieck to Hauptmann. It is all quite simple.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. IntroductionII. Herman Heijermans - A Biographical Sketch -- III. Protests against Religious Conservatism and Intolerance -- IV. “The Men Hemmed in with the Spears” -- V. Marriage and the Family -- VI. “The Root of All Evil” -- VII. Fantasies and Satires -- VIII. The Influence of Ibsen and Hauptmann -- IX. Theory, Style, and Technique -- Notes -- Bibliographies.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-9155-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The World of the Elseviers, 1580-1712 (1954)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401510615
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (159p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; History.
    Abstract: 1. The First of the Elseviers -- 2. Louis Elsevier at Leyden -- 3. The Elseviers at The Hague, Utrecht, and Leyden -- 4. Abraham and Bonaventura Elsevier -- 5. The Successors to Abraham and Bonaventura Elsevier -- 6. The Amsterdam House: Louis and Daniël Elsevier -- 7. The Elsevierian World -- 8. The Elseviers as Printers and Publishers -- Bibliographical Note.
    Abstract: IN the following pages an attempt has been made to give the essential facts of the history of the Elsevier family, and to show the relations of the printers to the world around them. Printing and publishing history is sometimes written as personal reminiscence, as aesthetic or technical criticism, or as a guide for book collectors. There is something to be said for treating it as a phase of economic or social history, and this treatment has been attempted here. There are difficulties inherent in the task which are not at first apparent. Printers are in touch on the one hand with the world of manufacturing and commerce, and on the other hand with the world of literature and scholarship - with not merely one phase of literature and learning but with a great many. As a result the innocent enthusiast who attempts to follow the activities of a publisher as he moves in the various milieux will constant­ ly find himself in strange regions he knows nothing about. He will probably wish he had never entered them, and his learned readers will probably wish so, too. So much assistance from friends has been sought and given that the story presented is a mosaic of the learning of others. The writer has reserved for himself only the special province of errors and omissions, and hereby lays claim to all such as may be found.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. The First of the Elseviers2. Louis Elsevier at Leyden -- 3. The Elseviers at The Hague, Utrecht, and Leyden -- 4. Abraham and Bonaventura Elsevier -- 5. The Successors to Abraham and Bonaventura Elsevier -- 6. The Amsterdam House: Louis and Daniël Elsevier -- 7. The Elsevierian World -- 8. The Elseviers as Printers and Publishers -- Bibliographical Note.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-1061-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Catalogue of books, periodical sets and pamflets on general and local History of the Netherlands (1953)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401576031
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (II, 142 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; History.
    Abstract: I. Periodicals and Collections -- II. Bibliography — Archives — Historiography -- III. General (including the historical description of towns, villages, etc.) -- IV. From the Earliest Times Till 1500 -- V. 1500–1795 -- VI. 1796–1940 -- VII. 1940–1950 -- VIII. Topography -- IX. Illustrated Corantos (Published by Verhoeven at Antwerp) -- X. Other Illustrated Corantos -- Supplement.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-7603-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Aggressive War : An International Crime (1953)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401188210
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (382p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Political science. ; International law. ; History.
    Abstract: I. War -- 1. Introductory -- 2. Relativity of the State of war -- 3. ‘Constructive’ State of war -- 4. ‘War’ in Nuremberg and Tokyo -- 5. Disappearance of the Concept of war -- II. War of Aggression -- 1. War as a Status and war of Aggression -- 2. Aggressive war and Aggression -- 3. Aggression and Defence -- 4. The Function of a Definition of Aggression -- 5. The Determination of the Aggressor -- 6. Definition of Aggression -- III. Evolution Towards Nuremberg -- 1. Introductory -- 2. Antiquity and the Orient -- 3. Bellum Justum in Western Christianity -- 4. The Period of Indifference -- 5. The Period of Discrimination -- 6. The Doctrine of International Penal law -- IV. The Punishment for Aggressive war -- 1. The Second World war -- 2. The Charter of London -- 3. The Judgments -- 4. The Doctrine on Nuremberg -- 5. Consequences of Nuremberg -- V. Implementation of the ‘Nuremberg Principles’ -- 1. The Affirmation of the ‘Nuremberg Principles’ -- 2. The Formulation of the ‘Nuremberg Principles’ -- 3. The Draft Code of Offences Against the Peace and Security of Mankind -- 4. Jurisdiction over Offences Against the Peace and Security of Mankind -- Postscript.
    Abstract: Six years after the rendering of the Nuremberg Judgment world conditions are not such as to encourage a study on what constituted its principal innovation in the legal field: the punishment of the authors of aggressive war. The war alliance against the Axis Powers which was the political basis of the Nuremberg Trial and of the United Nation~ Organisation has broken up. Mutual fear, threats and accusations and a gigantic armament race are the dominating factors in international life during the cold war period, and the minds of statesmen, military men and lawyers alike are more preoccupied with the problem of how to win a possible third world war than with that of preventing its occurrence and avoiding responsibility for its outbreak. While the survival of their freedom and civilization is at stake, the nations seem more intent on preparing for what is vaguely and equivocally called 'self-defence' than on accepting and assuring the reign of law. The strain of the protracted struggle in Korea, moreover, seems to turn the first experiment with military sanctions against an aggressor into a classic game of power politics. It is not surprising that in such circumstances little energy is displayed in efforts to implement the principles to which the United Nations pledged themselves in Nuremberg, and that many statesmen and lawyers seem prepared to abandon, at least for the near future, the precedent of the time of alliance, expression of confidence in the victory of law over force.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. War1. Introductory -- 2. Relativity of the State of war -- 3. ‘Constructive’ State of war -- 4. ‘War’ in Nuremberg and Tokyo -- 5. Disappearance of the Concept of war -- II. War of Aggression -- 1. War as a Status and war of Aggression -- 2. Aggressive war and Aggression -- 3. Aggression and Defence -- 4. The Function of a Definition of Aggression -- 5. The Determination of the Aggressor -- 6. Definition of Aggression -- III. Evolution Towards Nuremberg -- 1. Introductory -- 2. Antiquity and the Orient -- 3. Bellum Justum in Western Christianity -- 4. The Period of Indifference -- 5. The Period of Discrimination -- 6. The Doctrine of International Penal law -- IV. The Punishment for Aggressive war -- 1. The Second World war -- 2. The Charter of London -- 3. The Judgments -- 4. The Doctrine on Nuremberg -- 5. Consequences of Nuremberg -- V. Implementation of the ‘Nuremberg Principles’ -- 1. The Affirmation of the ‘Nuremberg Principles’ -- 2. The Formulation of the ‘Nuremberg Principles’ -- 3. The Draft Code of Offences Against the Peace and Security of Mankind -- 4. Jurisdiction over Offences Against the Peace and Security of Mankind -- Postscript.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-8821-0
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Purge of Dutch Quislings : Emergency Justice in the Netherlands (1952)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401195324
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (199p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; History.
    Abstract: I. The Pattern of Collaboration -- The Spirit of June 1940 -- Political Collaboration: The Dutch National Socialist Party (N.S.B.) -- Military Collaboration -- Economic Collaboration -- Collaboration by Civil Servants -- II. The Mass Arrests of Collaborators after the Liberation -- Reasons for the Mass Arrests -- Categories of Collaborators Affected by the Mass Arrests -- Agencies Performing the Arrests -- The Internment Camps for Collaborators -- Rules for Pre-Trial Release of Arrested Collaborators -- A By-Product of the Mass Arrests: Looting and Confiscation -- III. Judicial Action Against Collaborators -- The Special Courts and the Special Court of Cassation -- The Tribunals -- The System of Out-Of-Court-Settlement -- IV. The Occupational Purge Boards -- The Concept of Zuivering -- The Purge of Government Employees -- The Purge of Judges -- Purge Boards for Economic Collaboration -- Purge Boards for the Press -- Purge Boards for Artists -- Purge Boards for University Students -- Occupational Purge Boards: General Criticism -- V. Reactions to the Purge -- Legal Aspects -- General Criticism -- VI. Re-Education and Return into Society -- Re-Education in Internment Camps -- Return Into Society -- VII. The Outlook for the Future -- Notes and Bibliographical References.
    Abstract: This study is based on research which I conducted in the Netherlands in 1948 and 1949. In addition, I was able to rely on experiences and impressions of the 1944-1946 period, when I was stationed in the Low Countries as a United States Army Military Intelligence Officer. In my description of Dutch purge measures I have attempte~ to be as unbiased a judge as possible; whenever I was unable to arrive at a definite conclusion I con­ tented myself with describing the opposing points of view. I am quite aware that this attitude of "neutrality" may be criticized, not only by many ex-Resistance men who have become dis­ gusted with the alleged softness of the purge, but also by many others who appear equally dismayed about its severity. For purposes of comparison, readers who are familiar with action against collaborators in other countries - such as France, Italy, or the Balkans - may note that the Dutch purge was not dominated by considerations of party politics. All Dutchme- employers and workers, Protestants and Catholics, Conservatives and Socialists - had been united in their resistance against the enemy. Consequently, disagreements about purge measures did not follow class, religious, or party lines. The few Dutch Commu­ nists had never been able to dominate the Resistance; neither were they able to exploit the purge for their purposes. Thus, in Holland problems of collaboration and purge could be studied in their purest form, without consideration of other factors.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. The Pattern of CollaborationThe Spirit of June 1940 -- Political Collaboration: The Dutch National Socialist Party (N.S.B.) -- Military Collaboration -- Economic Collaboration -- Collaboration by Civil Servants -- II. The Mass Arrests of Collaborators after the Liberation -- Reasons for the Mass Arrests -- Categories of Collaborators Affected by the Mass Arrests -- Agencies Performing the Arrests -- The Internment Camps for Collaborators -- Rules for Pre-Trial Release of Arrested Collaborators -- A By-Product of the Mass Arrests: Looting and Confiscation -- III. Judicial Action Against Collaborators -- The Special Courts and the Special Court of Cassation -- The Tribunals -- The System of Out-Of-Court-Settlement -- IV. The Occupational Purge Boards -- The Concept of Zuivering -- The Purge of Government Employees -- The Purge of Judges -- Purge Boards for Economic Collaboration -- Purge Boards for the Press -- Purge Boards for Artists -- Purge Boards for University Students -- Occupational Purge Boards: General Criticism -- V. Reactions to the Purge -- Legal Aspects -- General Criticism -- VI. Re-Education and Return into Society -- Re-Education in Internment Camps -- Return Into Society -- VII. The Outlook for the Future -- Notes and Bibliographical References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-9532-4
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Rise of the Double Diplomatic Corps in Rome : A Study in International Practice (1870-1875) (1951)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401510233
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Neill, Thomas P. [Rezension von: Graham, Robert A., The Rise of the Double Diplomatic Corps in Rome] 1952
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; History. ; Political science.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- II. The Diplomatic Corps and the Crisis of September -- III. Italy’s Assurances to the Governments -- IV. The Policy of France -- V. Bismarck and the Holy See -- VI. The Policies of the Other States -- VII. The Transfer of the Italian Capital to Rome -- VIII. The Law of Guarantees and its Contribution to Diplomatic Practice -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: So many books, monographs and articles have been written around the "Roman Question" that a word of explanation or even of apology for the present study may be called for. Before as well as after 1929, the year in which the Lateran Treaty declared resolved the conflict which had divided Italy and the Papacy for nearly sixty years, professors and their students in a dozen lands have one after the other committed to the learned world their particular analysis of the international position of the Papacy. The variety of opinions which can be found in these studies is itself a remarkable testimony to the unique cha­ racter of the Holy See in the modern organization of international society. Even today, more than two decades after the dispute between the Quirinal and the Vatican had been finally resolved, it cannot be said that perfect uniformity of views yet prevails among writers in international law. Even today, when partisan passions have had time to cool and to leave the court clear for objective studies, there are many questions that cannot be adequately explained by any of the conventional criteria. Perhaps, indeed, the reason for the apparent futility of many of these writings has been the belief that the Papacy could really be forced into everyone of the categories developed by modern international law.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. IntroductionII. The Diplomatic Corps and the Crisis of September -- III. Italy’s Assurances to the Governments -- IV. The Policy of France -- V. Bismarck and the Holy See -- VI. The Policies of the Other States -- VII. The Transfer of the Italian Capital to Rome -- VIII. The Law of Guarantees and its Contribution to Diplomatic Practice -- Conclusion.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-1023-3
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prelude to War : The International Repercussions of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) (1951)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401508209
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 190 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; History.
    Abstract: I. The Spanish Background -- II. The Motives of the Powers in Spain -- III. The Curtain Rises on the Civil War -- IV. The Extent of Foreign Intervention -- V. The Origins of the Non-Intervention Policy -- VI. The League of Nations and the Civil War -- VII. The Non-Intervention Committee -- VIII. Diplomatic Relations (1936–1937) -- IX. The Drama Unfolds at Geneva (1937–1938) -- X. The Withdrawal of Foreign Volunteers (1937–1938) -- XI. Negotiations with Italy (1938) -- XII. The Curtain Falls -- Appendices -- Chronology -- Note on Sources -- General Index.
    Abstract: The scope of this book is confined to the international aspects of the Spanish civil war. It is primarily a study in international relations at a crucial period in the inter-war years. The separate military campaigns of the civil war itself, the political situation in Spain, and the historical forces that gave rise to the conflict have only been sketched in the opening chapters as a background to the diplomatic relations which took place among the European nations as a result of the civil war. The history and causes of the conflict itself are dealt with fully and authoritatively in the publications of scholars such as Gerald Brenan, Salvador de Madariaga, E. Allison Peers and Franz Borkenau in England, Alfred Mousset and Robert Brasillach in France and E. J. Hughes in the United States. It is the most serious handicap in dealing with contemporary history that it is impossible to write a definitive work because all the necessary documentation has not appeared. Nevertheless, many new facts have emerged in this study on the basis of mate­ rial published in the last ten years. Stories that were thought to be true at the time can now be supported or refuted by document­ ary evidence. There is proof in Serrano Su er's memoirs, for example, relative to the plotting of the civil war by the Spanish generals which corroborates the account of General Mola's secretary, Jose Ibarren.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-0820-9
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Austin Friars : History of the Dutch Reformed Church in London 1550-1950 (1950)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401188609
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 208 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; History.
    Abstract: I Founding and Subsequent Difficulties. The First Years of the Community -- Dutch refugees in England -- Joh. à Lasco and Utenhove -- the Charter of King Edward VI -- Austin Friars -- the books of instruction and the service books of the Community -- Utenhove’s rhymed version of the Psalms -- First difficulties, Queen Mary -- wanderings by the Community -- Emden -- church officials and liturgy -- II Internal and External Strength. Safeguarding of Doctrine -- Return and restoration of the Community -- changed position -- support to the Church in the home country -- maintenance of doctrine -- the affair Velsius -- the affair Van Haemstede -- the affair Van Winghen -- action against unsound doctrines -- diminishing insistence on doctrine -- opposition against the putting to death of heretics -- training of ministers -- III Maintenance of Moral Discipline. Philanthropic and Social Activities -- Need for moral discipline -- extensive measures towards this end -- the moral condition of the Community -- social-pastoral care of the Community -- help for persecuted Protestants on the Continent -- changing needs -- care of the poor by the deacons -- measures for assisting theological students -- IV The Relations with other Reformed Churches in the Low Countries and in England -- Initial great importance, subsequently diminishing for the Churches in the Netherlands -- difficulties in the domain of organization, opposition on the part of England 91 the Synod of Dordrecht -- lasting personal contacts -- relations with the French Community, claims by them on the church building -- all the same good relations -- other Dutch Reformed Communities in England -- later settlements, Hatfield Chase -- the Colloquia, initial thriving, subsequent decay -- V The Relation to Church and State. The Struggle with Archbishop Laud -- Political relations, opposition on the part of population and guilds, protection by the government -- unaccommodating attitude of James I, imposition of fine -- involved in the struggle between King and Parliament, favourable conditions during the Commonwealth -- relations with the ecclesiastical authorities, judicious attitude towards the State Church -- the relations with the superintendents -- anti-puritanical tendencies -- Archbishop Laud -- opposition by the Dutch-French synod -- Laud’s stubborness, his fall, relief for the Community -- VI The Community in the 17th and 18th Centuries -- Dangers from Puritanism and Independentism during the Commonwealth -- the Restoration and the Glorious Revolution -- internal difficulties: the Rev. Van Cuilemborgh, the Rev. Ten Harmsen -- harmonious relations within the Consistory -- the Rev. Ruytinck, relations with Duraeus -- increasing liberty in religious teaching, process of secularization -- the Community languishes -- tale of woe of the organ -- the library and the archives, Hessels’s Archivum -- VII The Vicissitudes of the Church Building. The Community in the 19th and 20th Centuries -- Description of the church and its interior, difficulties in connection with the tower -- acquisition of the churchyard -- difficulties with tenants and neighbours -- the fire of 1862 -- the Community’s properties and their management -- growing prestige, relation to the Netherlands Royal House -- the Rev. Adama van Scheltema, unorthodox orientation of the Community -- the Rev. Baart de 1a Faille, social activities -- the Rev. Van Dorp, the second world war -- the destruction of the church building -- possibilities for the future, relations with South Africa -- I. The Charter of King Edward VI -- II. List of the ministers of the Church -- Appendices -- List of the Pictures -- I. Facsimile of the Charter -- II. Austin Friars and its surroundings in the 16th century -- III. Western front and entrance of the old churc -- IV. The interior of the old church about the middle of the 19th century -- V. The interior of the restored old church -- VI. The interior of the church of St. Mary.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-8860-9
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