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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (5)
  • Online Resource  (5)
  • Article
  • Microfilm
  • 1970-1974  (5)
  • Tou, Julius T.  (5)
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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (5)
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  • Online Resource  (5)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468421064
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: The Concept of a Linguistic Variable and its Application to Approximate Reasoning -- Fundamental Concepts and Social Consequences of Artificial Intelligence -- Biorobots for Simulation Studies of Learning and Intelligent Controls -- A Mathematical Neuron Model which Has a Staircaselike Response Characteristic -- Performance Aspects of Stochastic Nonlinear System Classification by Pattern Recognition Methods -- Algorithmic Techniques for Modeling Nonlinear Functions -- A Survey of Heuristic Search Method of Multimodal Optimum Point -- Basic Search Patterns in Heuristic Search -- Multi-Modal System Identifications by a Learning Procedure -- Learning Dual Control under Complete State Information -- On a Class of Variable-Structure Systems -- A Method of Learning Control Varying Search Domain by Fuzzy Automata -- Adaptive Computer Aiding in Dynamic Decision Processes -- Optimal Learning Recognizer for Unknown Signal Sets in a Channel with Feedback Link -- Computational Algorithms for Interactive Pattern Recognition -- A Methodology for Interactive Systems -- Automatic Recognition of Complex Three-Dimensional Objects from Optical Images -- Eyes of the Wabot -- The “Rubber-Mask” Technique-I, Pattern Meaurement and Analysis -- The “Rubber-Mask” Technique-II, Pattern Storage and Recognition -- Learning Texture Information from Singular Photographs and Its Application in Digital Image Classification -- A Theory of Character Recognition by Pattern Matching Method.
    Abstract: This book contains the Proceedings of the S~cond U. S. -Japan Seminar on Learning Control and Intelligent Control. The seminar, held at Gainesville, Florida, from October 22 to 26, 1973, was sponsored by the U. S. -Japan Cooperative Science Program, jointly supported by the National Science Foundation and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The full texts of the twenty-one presented papers are included. The papers cover a variety of topics related to learning control and intelligent control, ranging from pattern recognition to system identification, from learning control to intelligent robots. During the past decade, there has been a considerable increase of interest in problems of machine learning, systems which exhibit learning behavior. In designing a system, if the a priori infor­ mation required is unknown or incompletely known, one approach is to design a system which is capable of learning the unknown infor­ mation during its operation. The learned information will then be used to improve the system's performance. This approach has been used in the design of pattern recognition systems, automatic control systems and system identification algorithms. If we naturally extend our goal to the design of systems which will behave more and more intelligently, learning systems research is only a preliminary step towards a general concept of integrated intelligent systems. One example of this class of systems is the intelligent robot, which integrates pattern recognition. learning and problem-solving into one intelligent system.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Concept of a Linguistic Variable and its Application to Approximate ReasoningFundamental Concepts and Social Consequences of Artificial Intelligence -- Biorobots for Simulation Studies of Learning and Intelligent Controls -- A Mathematical Neuron Model which Has a Staircaselike Response Characteristic -- Performance Aspects of Stochastic Nonlinear System Classification by Pattern Recognition Methods -- Algorithmic Techniques for Modeling Nonlinear Functions -- A Survey of Heuristic Search Method of Multimodal Optimum Point -- Basic Search Patterns in Heuristic Search -- Multi-Modal System Identifications by a Learning Procedure -- Learning Dual Control under Complete State Information -- On a Class of Variable-Structure Systems -- A Method of Learning Control Varying Search Domain by Fuzzy Automata -- Adaptive Computer Aiding in Dynamic Decision Processes -- Optimal Learning Recognizer for Unknown Signal Sets in a Channel with Feedback Link -- Computational Algorithms for Interactive Pattern Recognition -- A Methodology for Interactive Systems -- Automatic Recognition of Complex Three-Dimensional Objects from Optical Images -- Eyes of the Wabot -- The “Rubber-Mask” Technique-I, Pattern Meaurement and Analysis -- The “Rubber-Mask” Technique-II, Pattern Storage and Recognition -- Learning Texture Information from Singular Photographs and Its Application in Digital Image Classification -- A Theory of Character Recognition by Pattern Matching Method.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461582465
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Data Organization and Access Methods -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Linear Lists and Processes -- 2.1. Linear List Structures -- 2.2. Storage Representation of Linear List Structures -- 2.3. Computer Storage of Linked Lists -- 2.4. List Processing Languages -- 3. Array Structures -- 4. Tree Structures -- 5. Multilinked Structures -- 6. Data Base Design and Management -- 7. Some Information Handling Systems -- 8. Summary and Conclusions -- 2 Design of Software for On-Line Minicomputer Applications -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Keys to Minicomputer Software Organization -- 3. Minicomputer Applications and Their Software Requirements -- References -- 3 A Survey of the Status of Microprogramming -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Evolution of Microprogramming -- 3. Architectural Variations in Current Microprogrammed Systems -- 4. Emulation -- 5. Microprogrammed Implementation of Key Operating System and Language Translation Primitives -- 6. Microdiagnostics -- 7. Microprogrammed Implementation of New I/O and Memory Devices -- 8. Strategies for Microprogram Optimization -- 9. Applications of Microprogramming -- 10. Problem Areas and Future Prospects -- 11. Conclusions -- References -- 4 Some Grammars and Recognizers for Formal and Natural Languages -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Grammars and Languages -- 3. Recognizers and Acceptor Automata -- 4. Transformational Grammar -- 5. Applications in Information Science -- 6. Summary and Conclusions -- References.
    Abstract: This volume, the fifth of a continuing series on information systems science, covers four timely topics which are in the mainstream of this field. In each chapter, an attempt is made to familiarize the reader with basic background information on the advances discussed, so that this volume may be used independently or in conjunction with the previous volumes. The emphasis in this volume is focused upon data organization and access methods, software for on-line minicomputer applications, advances in micropro­ graming, and gramm ars and recognizers for formal and natural languages. In Chapter 1, P. C. Patton presents a tutorial survey of data organiza­ tion and access methods which play a central role in information system design. Research in information processing has been shifted from numerical data processing to nonnumerical information handling. In the latter case, the information is carried not only by the data but also by the structure and organization of the data base. In this chapter, the author provides the reader with a comprehensive review of various data structures, including linear lists, array structures, tree structures, and multilinked structures. He also discusses the important problem of data-base design and management. This chapter concludes with several examples of information handling systems such as a matrix interpretive system, a generalized information management system, and a criminal justice information system. The rapid reduction in cost and great increase in capability of the mini­ computer have made it an attractive machine for information systems.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Data Organization and Access Methods1. Introduction -- 2. Linear Lists and Processes -- 2.1. Linear List Structures -- 2.2. Storage Representation of Linear List Structures -- 2.3. Computer Storage of Linked Lists -- 2.4. List Processing Languages -- 3. Array Structures -- 4. Tree Structures -- 5. Multilinked Structures -- 6. Data Base Design and Management -- 7. Some Information Handling Systems -- 8. Summary and Conclusions -- 2 Design of Software for On-Line Minicomputer Applications -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Keys to Minicomputer Software Organization -- 3. Minicomputer Applications and Their Software Requirements -- References -- 3 A Survey of the Status of Microprogramming -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Evolution of Microprogramming -- 3. Architectural Variations in Current Microprogrammed Systems -- 4. Emulation -- 5. Microprogrammed Implementation of Key Operating System and Language Translation Primitives -- 6. Microdiagnostics -- 7. Microprogrammed Implementation of New I/O and Memory Devices -- 8. Strategies for Microprogram Optimization -- 9. Applications of Microprogramming -- 10. Problem Areas and Future Prospects -- 11. Conclusions -- References -- 4 Some Grammars and Recognizers for Formal and Natural Languages -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Grammars and Languages -- 3. Recognizers and Acceptor Automata -- 4. Transformational Grammar -- 5. Applications in Information Science -- 6. Summary and Conclusions -- References.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468426946
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: The Objective of Database Management -- Relational Data Base Systems: A Tutorial -- A Relational Data Management System -- A Data Base Search Problem -- An Experiment with a Relational Data Base System in Environmental Research -- Special Topic Data Base Development -- BOLTS: A Retrieval Language for Tree-Structured Data Base Systems -- An Algorithm for Maintaining Dynamic AVL Trees -- SPIRAL’s Autoindexing and Searching Algorithms -- SEFIRE : A Sequential Feedback Interactive Retrieval System -- An Analysis of Document Retrieval Systems Using a Generalized Model -- Information Systems for Urban Problem Solvers -- EMISARI: A Management Information System Designed to Aid and Involve People -- Transferability and Translation of Programs and Data -- Processing Systems Optimization through Automatic Design and Reorganization of Program Modules -- Verification and Checking of APL Programs -- G/PL/I: Extending PL/I for Graph Processing -- A Unified Approach to the Evaluation of a Class of Replacement Algorithms -- Quantitative Timing Analysis and Verification for File Organization Modeling -- A Mathematical Model for Computer-Assisted Document Creation -- Representing Geographic Information for Efficient Computer Search -- A Syntactic Pattern Recognition System with Learning Capability -- Optimization in Nonhierarchic Clustering -- Nonparametric Learning Using Contextual Information.
    Abstract: Ten years ago the first International Symposium on Computer and Information Sciences (COINS-63) was held at Northwestern University. Since that time, computer and information sciences have witnessed a great intensification of research and education. The activities in this field have been significantly broadened and enriched. During this ten-year period, we have organized four COINS symposia to provide a forum for promoting com­ munication among scientists, engineers, and educators in the computer and information science field and to act as a catalyzer for stimulating creative thinking within the community of information processing. The COINS-72 symposium, which took place in Miami Beach on December 14--16,1972, under the cosponsorship of the U.S. Army Research Office, the Atomic Energy Commission, and the University of Florida, is the fourth International Symposium on Computer and Information Sciences. The theme of this COINS symposium is information systems. This theme has been selected for the following reasons: Information systems have offered widespread applications in education, government, industry, and science. The bulk of research in computer and information science is now geared to the development of improved information systems. A major portion of software engineering is concerned with computer software and sophisticated information system design. It seems logical that a symposium on information systems should follow the preceding software engineering conference.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Objective of Database ManagementRelational Data Base Systems: A Tutorial -- A Relational Data Management System -- A Data Base Search Problem -- An Experiment with a Relational Data Base System in Environmental Research -- Special Topic Data Base Development -- BOLTS: A Retrieval Language for Tree-Structured Data Base Systems -- An Algorithm for Maintaining Dynamic AVL Trees -- SPIRAL’s Autoindexing and Searching Algorithms -- SEFIRE : A Sequential Feedback Interactive Retrieval System -- An Analysis of Document Retrieval Systems Using a Generalized Model -- Information Systems for Urban Problem Solvers -- EMISARI: A Management Information System Designed to Aid and Involve People -- Transferability and Translation of Programs and Data -- Processing Systems Optimization through Automatic Design and Reorganization of Program Modules -- Verification and Checking of APL Programs -- G/PL/I: Extending PL/I for Graph Processing -- A Unified Approach to the Evaluation of a Class of Replacement Algorithms -- Quantitative Timing Analysis and Verification for File Organization Modeling -- A Mathematical Model for Computer-Assisted Document Creation -- Representing Geographic Information for Efficient Computer Search -- A Syntactic Pattern Recognition System with Learning Capability -- Optimization in Nonhierarchic Clustering -- Nonparametric Learning Using Contextual Information.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461590538
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 330 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Augmentation of Machine Language Level -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Software and Hardware Functions -- 3. Relation between Source and Machine Languages -- 4. Hardware Interpretation of Expressions -- 5. Memory Organization -- 6. Program Information Structure -- 7. Subroutine Calls -- 8. Computers with Built-in Compilers -- 9. Conclusion -- References -- 2 On the Relation between Grammars and Automata -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Phrase-Structure Grammars -- 3. Finite Automata and Right Linear Grammars -- 4. Pushdown Automata and Context-Free Grammars -- 5. Deterministic Pushdown Automata and LR(k) Grammars… -- 6. Linear Bounded Automata and Context-Sensitive Grammars. . -- 7. Turing Machines and Phrase-Structure Grammars -- References -- 3 An Introduction to Information Structures and Paging Considerations for On-Line Text Editing Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basic Considerations for a Text Editor’s Information Structure -- 3. Fixed-Length Context Editors -- 4. Variable-Length-Line and “Superline” Editors -- 5. Statement-Oriented Editors -- 6. String-Oriented Editors -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- 4 An Introduction to the Structure of Time-Shared Computers -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Computer Hardware -- 3. The Operating System Structure -- 4. The PDP-10 Time-Sharing System Structure -- 5. The Economics of Time-Sharing -- 6. Concluding Remarks -- References -- 5 Error-Correcting Codes in Computer Arithmetic -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The General Theory of AN-Codes -- 3. Cyclic AN-Codes -- 4. Multiresidue Codes -- 5. Further Comments on Arithmetic Codes -- 6. Implementation of Arithmetic Codes -- 7. Conclusions -- References.
    Abstract: Information systems science is advancing in various directions with rapid strides. Many diversified ideas and methodologies have been revised and extended. Numerous new techniques and approaches have been con­ ceived and developed. Some recent advances are covered in this series. The fourth volume of this series provides in-depth discussions of some newly developed theories and techniques concerning computer language-level augmentation, time-sharing systems, text editing systems, grammars and automata, and error correcting codes in computer arithmetic. In Chapter 1, V. K. Smirnov presents an authoritative review of the augmentation of machine language level. He discusses the effects of ex­ tension of computer functions upon machine language and the influence of development of software systems upon the augmentation of computer language level. Some specific ways of augmenting the machine language level are examined. The problem of information organization, storage, search, and retrieval in a computer is studied. The introduction of higher-level languages has stimulated widespread applications of computers. Formal language theory has been recognized as a topic offundamental importance in the study of information systems science. In Chapter 2, M. A. Harrison examines the phrase-structure grammars, the right linear grammars, the context-free grammars, the LR(k) grammars, and the context-sensitive grammars. The author discusses the relations between mathematical models of computers and a family of formal lan­ guages. The language theory may stimulate new ideas for the augmentation of machine language level.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Augmentation of Machine Language Level1. Introduction -- 2. Software and Hardware Functions -- 3. Relation between Source and Machine Languages -- 4. Hardware Interpretation of Expressions -- 5. Memory Organization -- 6. Program Information Structure -- 7. Subroutine Calls -- 8. Computers with Built-in Compilers -- 9. Conclusion -- References -- 2 On the Relation between Grammars and Automata -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Phrase-Structure Grammars -- 3. Finite Automata and Right Linear Grammars -- 4. Pushdown Automata and Context-Free Grammars -- 5. Deterministic Pushdown Automata and LR(k) Grammars… -- 6. Linear Bounded Automata and Context-Sensitive Grammars. . -- 7. Turing Machines and Phrase-Structure Grammars -- References -- 3 An Introduction to Information Structures and Paging Considerations for On-Line Text Editing Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basic Considerations for a Text Editor’s Information Structure -- 3. Fixed-Length Context Editors -- 4. Variable-Length-Line and “Superline” Editors -- 5. Statement-Oriented Editors -- 6. String-Oriented Editors -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- 4 An Introduction to the Structure of Time-Shared Computers -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Computer Hardware -- 3. The Operating System Structure -- 4. The PDP-10 Time-Sharing System Structure -- 5. The Economics of Time-Sharing -- 6. Concluding Remarks -- References -- 5 Error-Correcting Codes in Computer Arithmetic -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The General Theory of AN-Codes -- 3. Cyclic AN-Codes -- 4. Multiresidue Codes -- 5. Further Comments on Arithmetic Codes -- 6. Implementation of Arithmetic Codes -- 7. Conclusions -- References.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461582434
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Pattern Recognition: Heuristics or Science? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Principal Directions in Pattern Recognition -- 3. Parametric Models of Signals -- 4. The Method of Permissible Transformations -- 5. Methods of Analyzing Complex Pictures -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- 2 Feature Compression -- 1. The Role of “Features” in Pattern Recognition -- 2. A Concrete Example of Feature Compression—Handwritten ZIP Code Reader -- 3. Discriminatory Feature Compression—SELFIC -- 4. Characteristic Feature Compression—CLAFIC -- 5. Implications of Subspace Model—Fuzzy Class -- References -- 3 Image Processing Principles and Techniques -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Filter Theory Applied to Images -- 3. Statistical Decision Theory -- 4. Adaptive Network Approaches -- 5. Image Features -- 6. Implementations: Staging -- 7. Implementations: Parallelism -- 8. Electrooptical Devices -- 9. Digital Computers -- 10. Optical Techniques -- 11. Comparison of Implementations -- 12. Conclusions -- References -- 4 Computer Graphics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Devices for Computer Graphics -- 3. Modes of Interactive Graphic Systems -- 4. Data Structures -- 5. Graphics Software -- 6. Graphic Languages -- 7. Conclusions -- Appendix 1. Choice of Equations for Generating a Circle -- Appendix 2. Method Given by Forrest for Parametrizing a Conic -- References -- 5 Logical Design of Optimal Digital Networks by Integer Programming -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Features of Logical Design by Integer Programming -- 3. Design of an Optimal Combinational Network with a Given Type of Gate by Integer Programming -- 4. Design of an Optimal Combinational Network with Building Blocks (or Composite Gates) by Integer Programming -- 5. Other Applications of the Integer Programming Logical Design Method -- 6. Concluding Remarks -- References.
    Abstract: Information systems science embraces a broad spectrum of topics. It is vir­ tually impossible to provide comprehensive and in-depth discussion, other than simple recitals of recent results, of every important topic in each volume of this annual review series. Since we have chosen the former approach, each volume will only cover certain aspects of recent advances in this bur­ geoning field. The emphasis in this volume, the third of a continuing series, is focussed upon pattern recognition, pictorial information manipulation, and new approaches to logical design of information networks. In Chapter 1, V. A. Kovalevsky presents a tutorial survey of practical and theoretical developments in pattern recognition. He categorizes the basic developments in three different directions. The first direction is charac­ terized by an empirical treatment with highly specialized recognition schemes. In the second direction, the major efforts are centered upon the cre­ ation of learning systems capable of improving recognition performance on the basis of past experience. The majority of the work in the third direction is devoted to the study of the basic structure of complex patterns, the con­ struction of mathematical models for pattern recognition, and the analysis of complex pictorial representations. The author elucidates the "heuristics" approach and the "science" approach to pattern recognition problems. This chapter together with Chapter 2 of this volume supplements the chapter on Engineering Principles of Pattern Recognition in Volume 1 to provide a more complete treatment of this subject.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Pattern Recognition: Heuristics or Science?1. Introduction -- 2. Principal Directions in Pattern Recognition -- 3. Parametric Models of Signals -- 4. The Method of Permissible Transformations -- 5. Methods of Analyzing Complex Pictures -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- 2 Feature Compression -- 1. The Role of “Features” in Pattern Recognition -- 2. A Concrete Example of Feature Compression-Handwritten ZIP Code Reader -- 3. Discriminatory Feature Compression-SELFIC -- 4. Characteristic Feature Compression-CLAFIC -- 5. Implications of Subspace Model-Fuzzy Class -- References -- 3 Image Processing Principles and Techniques -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Filter Theory Applied to Images -- 3. Statistical Decision Theory -- 4. Adaptive Network Approaches -- 5. Image Features -- 6. Implementations: Staging -- 7. Implementations: Parallelism -- 8. Electrooptical Devices -- 9. Digital Computers -- 10. Optical Techniques -- 11. Comparison of Implementations -- 12. Conclusions -- References -- 4 Computer Graphics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Devices for Computer Graphics -- 3. Modes of Interactive Graphic Systems -- 4. Data Structures -- 5. Graphics Software -- 6. Graphic Languages -- 7. Conclusions -- Appendix 1. Choice of Equations for Generating a Circle -- Appendix 2. Method Given by Forrest for Parametrizing a Conic -- References -- 5 Logical Design of Optimal Digital Networks by Integer Programming -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Features of Logical Design by Integer Programming -- 3. Design of an Optimal Combinational Network with a Given Type of Gate by Integer Programming -- 4. Design of an Optimal Combinational Network with Building Blocks (or Composite Gates) by Integer Programming -- 5. Other Applications of the Integer Programming Logical Design Method -- 6. Concluding Remarks -- References.
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