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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (2,083)
  • English  (2,083)
  • 2020-2024  (2,083)
  • 1945-1949
  • Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (2,083)
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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (2,083)
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Language
  • English  (2,083)
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  • 2020-2024  (2,083)
  • 1945-1949
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enhancement of Industrial Energy Efficiency and Sustainability (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036500386 , 9783036500393
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (294 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Industrial energy efficiency has been recognized as a major contributor, in the broader set of industrial resources, to improved sustainability and circular economy. Nevertheless, the uptake of energy efficiency measures and practices is still quite low, due to the existence of several barriers. Research has broadly discussed them, together with their drivers. More recently, many researchers have highlighted the existence of several benefits, beyond mere energy savings, stemming from the adoption of such measures, for several stakeholders involved in the value chain of energy efficiency solutions. Nevertheless, a deep understanding of the relationships between the use of the energy resource and other resources in industry, together with the most important factors for the uptake of such measures—also in light of the implications on the industrial operations—is still lacking. However, such understanding could further stimulate the adoption of solutions for improved industrial energy efficiency and sustainability
    Note: English
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  • 2
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    Transitioning to Clean Water and Sanitation (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783038977742 , 9783038977759
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (102 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Transitioning is a key co ...
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  • 3
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    Transitioning to Gender Equality (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038978664 , 9783038978671
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (254 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction ; Feminism & feminist theory
    Abstract: Gender Equality, the fifth UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 5), aims for the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women and girls. It thereby addresses all forms of violence, unpaid and unacknowledged care and domestic work, as well as the need for equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life. Thus, the areas in which changes with regard to gender equality on a global scale are needed are very broad. In this volume, we focus on three main areas of inquiry, ‘Sexuality’, ‘Politics of Difference’ and ‘Care, Work and Family’, and raise the following transversal questions: How can gender be addressed in an intersectional perspective, linking gender to further categories of difference, which are involved in discrimination? In which ways are binary notions of gender taking part in inequality regimes and by which means can these binaries be questioned? How can we measure, control and portray progress with regard to gender equality and how do we, in doing so, define gender? Which multi-, inter- or transdisciplinary perspectives are needed for understanding the diversity of gender, in order to support a transition to 'gender equality'? Transitioning to Gender Equality is part of MDPI's new Open Access book series Transitioning to Sustainability. With this series, MDPI pursues environmentally and socially relevant research which contributes to efforts toward a sustainable world. Transitioning to Sustainability aims to add to the conversation about regional and global sustainable development according to the 17 SDGs. Set to be published in 2020/2021, the book series is intended to reach beyond disciplinary, even academic boundaries. MDPI supports the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. For use of the SDG logos and design, please see the according Guidelines for the use of the SDG logo, color wheel, and 17 icons
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  • 4
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    Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036504766 , 9783036504773
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) certainly do not represent a newcomer to the scientific community, yet they continue to attract a strong and general interest among a vast and multifaceted range of researchers. This persistent modernity is definitely due to some peculiar characteristics of these materials, which allow researchers and engineers to play with different aspects of two worlds: organic and inorganic, crystalline and molecular, solid and liquid, cationic and anionic. A virtually infinite number of possible chemical combinations takes advantage of their layered structure to express an unrivaled collection of remarkable properties. The capture and/or release of organic and inorganic species, versatile low-cost catalytic activity, and blending with other compounds to build up a variety of hybrid composites, are just some of the many effects investigated to date. As a result, the applications encompass almost all aspects of our life, ranging from renewable energy production to water purification, including biomedical applications, gas sensing, drug delivery, and food packaging and safety. This Special Issue highlights some of the recent research lines, and shows that remarkable progress has been and is still being made in all these aspects, to allow the consideration of LDHs as one of the most interesting and versatile inorganic materials
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  • 5
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    Child Injury and the Determinants of Health (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036506005 , 9783036506012
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction
    Abstract: The World Health Organization recognizes that injuries are the leading cause of death and disability to children after their first birthday. There is also high morbidity associated with injuries sustained in childhood, often affecting people for the rest of their lives. For every child who dies from injury, there are several thousand who require medical care, many who live with varying degrees of disability. Children and adolescents (0–19 years of age) are at increased risk of mortality and morbidity due to injuries such as road traffic, burns, falls, poisoning, drowning, self-harm and interpersonal violence. There are proven ways to prevent many child injuries, yet there are still gaps in our knowledge. By understanding the impact of determinants of health (i.e., the social and economic environment, the physical environment and a person’s individual characteristics and behaviors), effective prevention interventions can be designed and implemented, with a high return on investment. This Special Issue covers an eclectic range of studies, the common goal of which is to reduce the global burden of child injury-related mortality and morbidity
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  • 6
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    Corrosion and Protection of Materials (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036502908 , 9783036502915
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (496 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book contains thirty articles on various topics related to the corrosion and protection of metallic materials. This topic is of strong actuality both due to the aging of plants and infrastructures that require checks and maintenance, and to the use of traditional materials in increasingly aggressive environments, added to the need of changing the current anti-corrosion systems with less environmental impact methods. Finally, the new development of innovative materials, such as additive manufacturing or high-entropy alloys, needs the characterization of their corrosion behavior. In this issue, there are works on new alloys obtained for additive manufacturing or high entropy, on the study of corrosion and stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms, through electrochemical and microscopical techniques, studies on low environmental impact inhibitors and biocides, as well as ceramic and metal protective coatings. Finally, there are works on the study of the residual mechanical resistance of corroded infrastructures and on monitoring and non-destructive control. In this way, the book therefore offers a somewhat varied panorama of research trends in the field
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  • 7
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    Photoactive Nanomaterials (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036505206 , 9783036505213
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The energy transition is one of the key approaches in the effort to halt climate changes, and it has become even more essential in the light of the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Fostering the energy efficiency and the energy independence of the building sector is a focal aim to move towards a decarbonized society. In this context, building physics and building energy systems are fundamental disciplines based on applied physics applications in civil, architectural, and environmental engineering, including technical themes related to the planning of energy and the environment, diagnostic methods, and mitigating techniques. This Special Issue contains information on experimental studies in the following research topics: renewable energy sources, building energy analysis, rational use of energy, heat transmission, heating and cooling systems, thermofluid dynamics, smart energy systems, and energy service management in buildings
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  • 8
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    History, Developments and Trends in the Heat Treatment of Steel (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036500607 , 9783036500614
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Steels and their heat treatment are still very important in modern industry because most industrial components are made from these materials. The proper choice of steel grades along with their suitable processing makes it possible to reduce the weight of the components, which is closely related to energy and fuel savings. This has decisive importance in branches such as the automotive, transport, consumer industries. A great number of novel heat- and surface-treatment techniques have been developed over the past three decades. These techniques involve, for example, vacuum treatment, sub-zero treatment, laser/electron beam surface hardening and alloying, low-pressure carburizing and nitriding, and physical vapour deposition. This Special Issue contains a collection of original research articles on not only advanced heat-treatment techniques—carburizing and sub-zero treatments—but also on the microstructure–property relationships in different ferrous alloys
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  • 9
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    Nanocomposites of Polymers and Inorganic Nanoparticles (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036503523 , 9783036503530
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This Special Issue deals with the fascinating material class of nanocomposites consisting of extremely small particles (nanoparticles) which are embedded in polymers. Such materials are of paramount interest in various disciplines, especially chemistry, physics, biomedicine and materials science. Due to the diversity of the components of nanocomposites, they provide a broad spectrum of material properties and applications. The versatility of nanocomposites is indeed reflected by the research covered in this Special Issue. The field of nanocomposites includes innovative science and a source of inspiration for currently relevant economic topics as well as for envisaged technologies of the future. Indeed, this volume alludes to strategies for the preparation of nanocomposites and possibilities for a variety of applications, such as catalytic reactions, gas barriers, high refractive index materials, corrosion protection, electromagnetic inference (EMI) shielding, lithium ion batteries, tissue engineering and plastic surgery
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  • 10
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    Algorithms in Decision Support Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036505886 , 9783036505893
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This book aims to provide a new vision of how algorithms are the core of decision support systems (DSSs), which are increasingly important information systems that help to make decisions related to unstructured and semi-unstructured decision problems that do not have a simple solution from a human point of view. It begins with a discussion of how DSSs will be vital to improving the health of the population. The following article deals with how DSSs can be applied to improve the performance of people doing a specific task, like playing tennis. It continues with a work in which authors apply DSSs to insect pest management, together with an interactive platform for fitting data and carrying out spatial visualization. The next article improves how to reschedule trains whenever disturbances occur, together with an evaluation framework. The final works focus on different relevant areas of DSSs: 1) a comparison of ensemble and dimensionality reduction models based on an entropy criterion; 2) a radar emitter identification method based on semi-supervised and transfer learning; 3) design limitations, errors, and hazards in creating very large-scale DSSs; and 4) efficient rule generation for associative classification. We hope you enjoy all the contents in the book
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  • 11
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    Studying Brain Activity in Sports Performance (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036501925 , 9783036501932
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (272 p.)
    Keywords: Psychology
    Abstract: The improvement of exercise performance in sports not only involves the enhancement of physical strength, but also includes the development of psychological and cognitive functions. There is an increasing body of evidence to show that physical exercise is a powerful way to improve a number of aspects of cognition and brain function at the systemic and behavioral levels. Yet, several questions remain: What type of exercise program is optimal for improving cognitive functions? What are the real effects of certain innovative exercise protocols on the relationship between behavior and the brain? To what extent do ergogenic aids boost cognitive function? How efficient are neuromodulation techniques in relation to behavioral performance? The answers to these questions likely require multidisciplinary insights not only from physiologists and sports scientists, but also from neuroscientists and psychologists. The manuscripts published (16 research papers and one perspective article from various academic fields) in this Special Issue Book “Exercise: A Gate That Primes the Brain to Perform” bring together current knowledge and novel directions in human exercise-cognition research dealing with performance. This book showcases the various relationships between cognitive function, brain activity, and behavioral performance with applications in sports and exercise science
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  • 12
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    Selected Papers from 2018 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering (ICHVE 2018) (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039436255 , 9783039436262
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: The 2018 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering (ICHVE 2018) was held on 10–13 September 2018 in Athens, Greece, organized by the National Technical University of Athens, Greece, and endorsed by the IEEE Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society. This conference has attracted a great deal of attention from international researchers in the field of high voltage engineering. This conference provided not only an excellent platform to share knowledge and experiences on high voltage engineering, but also the opportunity to present the latest achievements and different emerging challenges in power engineering, including topics related to ultra-high voltage, smart grids, and new insulation materials and their dielectric properties
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  • 13
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    Eutectic Solvents (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036500225 , 9783036500232
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (126 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) are pharmaceutically accepted systems not only because they typically offer a serious enhancement of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) solubility, but also due to their non-toxicity. This fortunate conjuncture allows for designing new media for escalation and controlled release of APIs. For example, composition optimisation of a series of NADES comprising choline chloride with multi-hydroxyl compounds was successfully performed for a set of sulphonamide-based drugs. These results confirmed that NADES in general, and the ones based on choline chloride and glycerol particularly, are an attractive alternative to traditional solvents for sulphonamide dissolution. Experiments augmented with in silico modelling can offer deeper insights into the thermodynamic characteristics of these systems and an explanation for the origin of the observed solubility enhancement. Research of this type offers universal resolutions to the problem of low solubility issues for many types of drugs. Of particular interest is that such screening is not restricted to artificial in vitro environments but can be also easily adopted for the study of modelled in vivo situations. One of very important and interesting examples is a new curcumin–NADES formulation preserving its beneficial properties even after dilution with FaSSIF solution, which mimicks intestinal absorption
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  • 14
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    Impact of Agricultural Practices on Biodiversity of Soil Invertebrates (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039437191 , 9783039437207
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Soil fauna plays a key role in many soil functions, such as organic matter decomposition, humus formation, and nutrient release, modifying soil structure, and improving its fertility. Soil invertebrates play key roles in determining soil suitability for agricultural production and realizing sustainable farming systems. They include an enormous diversity of arthropods, nematodes, and earthworms. However, this fauna suffers from the impact of agricultural activities with implications for the capacity of soil to maintain its fertility and provide ecosystem services. Some agricultural practices may create crucial soil habitat changes, with consequences for invertebrate biodiversity. In the few last decades, especially under intensive and specialized farming systems, a loss in soil ecosystem services has been observed, as a result of the reduction in both the abundance and taxonomic diversity of soil faunal communities. On the other hand, agricultural practices, based on sustainable soil management, can promote useful soil fauna. Therefore, the concerns about the sensibility of soil biota to the agricultural practices make it urgent to develop sustainable management strategies, able to realize favorable microclimate and habitats, and reduce the soil disturbance
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  • 15
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    Sámi Religion : Religious Identities, Practices and Dynamics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039437276 , 9783039437283
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (198 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: “Sámi Religion: Religious Identities, Practices, and Dynamics” explores expressions of ‘’Sámi religion’’ in contemporary cultures, the role it plays in identity politics and heritagization processes, and the ways the past and present are entangled. In recent years, attitudes towards ‘’Sámi religion’’ have changed both within religious, cultural, political, and educational contexts as a consequence of what can be called the ‘’Indigenous turn’’. Contemporary, indigenous religion is approached as a something that adds value by a range of diverse actors and for a variety of reasons. In this Special Issue, we take account of emic categories and connections, focusing on which notions of ‘’Sámi religion’’ are used today by religious entrepreneurs and others who share and promote these types of spiritual beliefs, and how Sámi religion is taking shape on a plenitude of arenas in contemporary society
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  • 16
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    Bacterial Interactions with Dental and Medical Materials (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036500201 , 9783036500218
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (248 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The interaction of bacteria with biomaterials’ surfaces has critical clinical implications on the development and progression of biofilm-related diseases. In this book "Bacterial Interactions with Dental and Medical Materials", encouraging findings on tissue-contacting biomaterials to control biofilms, enhanced understanding of key mechanisms, and clinical perspectives are discussed toward improving healthcare
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  • 17
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    Assessment & Treatment of Addictions : New Tools for Old Problems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039438853 , 9783039438860
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction
    Abstract: Addiction in its various forms represents an enormous challenge to society. Worldwide, it has been estimated that alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs were responsible of more than 10 million deaths (Anderson et al, 2018), with a higher impact in developed countries where substance use disorders have been identified as responsible for life expectancy reversals (Rehm et al, 2016). Societal and medical responses to the problem are far from optimal, but the appearance of new technologies offers room for improvement, and lots of new initiatives have been launched and developed. In this Special Issue, we will describe and discuss how these new tools are helping to improve the assessment and treatment of substance use disorders. We will cover a wide variety of novelties that are being applied to addiction; e-health, APPs, digital phenotyping, ecological momentary assessment and interventions, wearable technology, computer-assisted tests, transcraneal magnetic stimulation, and virtual reality are just some examples of developments in a field that promises to create a real revolution in the assessment and treatment of addictions
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  • 18
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    Bifurcation and Chaos in Fractional-Order Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036500928 , 9783036500935
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This book presents a collection of seven technical papers on fractional-order complex systems, especially chaotic systems with hidden attractors and symmetries, in the research front of the field, which will be beneficial for scientific researchers, graduate students, and technical professionals to study and apply. It is also suitable for teaching lectures and for seminars to use as a reference on related topics
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  • 19
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    Fractional Integrals and Derivatives: “True” versus “False&rdquo (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036504940
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (280 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: This Special Issue is devoted to some serious problems that the Fractional Calculus (FC) is currently confronted with and aims at providing some answers to the questions like “What are the fractional integrals and derivatives?”, “What are their decisive mathematical properties?”, “What fractional operators make sense in applications and why?’’, etc. In particular, the “new fractional derivatives and integrals” and the models with these fractional order operators are critically addressed. The Special Issue contains both the surveys and the research contributions. A part of the articles deals with foundations of FC that are considered from the viewpoints of the pure and applied mathematics, and the system theory. Another part of the Special issue addresses the applications of the FC operators and the fractional differential equations. Several articles devoted to the numerical treatment of the FC operators and the fractional differential equations complete the Special Issue
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  • 20
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    From Quantum Paraelectric/Ferroelectric Perovskite Oxides to High Temperature Superconducting Copper Oxides -- In Honor of Professor K.A. Müller for His Lifework (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036504742 , 9783036504759
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: With this book, we wish to honor the lifework of K. Alex Müller and present him with this book on the occasion of his 94th birthday. We are convinced that he will very much enjoy reading it. We would like to thank all contributors to this book, who addressed topics complementary and related to his work. The articles of the book represent the efforts in solid state physics – spanning more than 60 years – which have been groundbreaking in scientific and applied sciences. Many of the current hot topics are derived from this earlier work which has pioneered the way toward new experimental tools and/or refined techniques. From this point of view, the book presents, on one hand, a historical review and, on the other hand, a directory of possible future research
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  • 21
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    Inaugural Section Special Issue : Key Topics and Future Perspectives in Natural Hazards Research (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039438334 , 9783039438341
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (226 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book collects selected high-quality papers published in 2018–2020 to inaugurate the “Natural Hazards” Section of the Geosciences journal. The topics encompass: trends in publications at international level in the field of natural hazards research; the role of Big Data in natural disaster management; assessment of seismic risk through the understanding and quantification of its different components; climatic/hydro-meteorological hazards; and finally, the scientific analysis and disaster forensics of recent natural hazard events. The target audience includes not only specialists, but also graduate students who wish to approach the challenging, but also fascinating
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  • 22
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    Smart Wireless Acoustic Sensor Network Design for Noise Monitoring in Smart Cities (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039432806 , 9783039432813
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (240 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: The Environmental Noise Directive (END) requires that a five-year updating of noise maps is carried out to check and report on the changes that have occurred during the reference period. The updating process is usually achieved using a standardized approach consisting of collecting and processing information through acoustic models to produce the updated noise maps. This procedure is time consuming and costly, and has a significant impact on the financial statement of the authorities responsible for providing the maps. Furthermore, the END requires that easy-to-read noise maps are made available to the public to provide information on noise levels and the subsequent actions to be undertaken by local and central authorities to reduce noise impacts. In order to update the noise maps more easily and in a more effective way, it is convenient to design an integrated system incorporating real-time noise measurement and signal processing to identify and analyze the noise sources present in the mapping area (e.g., road traffic noise, leisure noise, etc.) as well as to automatically generate and present the corresponding noise maps. This wireless acoustic sensor network design requires transversal knowledge, from accurate hardware design for acoustic sensors to network structure design and management of the information with signal processing to identify the origin of the measured noise and graphical user interface application design to present the results to end users. This book is collection in which several views of methodology and technologies required for the development of an efficient wireless acoustic sensor network from the first stages of its design to the tests conducted during deployment, its final performance, and possible subsequent implications for authorities in terms of the definition of policies. Contributions include several LIFE and H2020 projects aimed at the design and implementation of intelligent acoustic sensor networks with a focus on the publication of good practices for the design and deployment of intelligent networks in other locations
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  • 23
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    Silver-Based Antimicrobials (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039438914 , 9783039438921
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (252 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: There is some talk about an antibiotic Armageddon due to quickly developing resistance towards commercially available antibiotics. For the most part, the classical antibiotic pipeline has dried up, and antibiotic resistance to any new drugs quickly develops. It is here that metal-based antimicrobials can step forward as possible solutions in this antimicrobial resistance era. The biological targets of metal atoms are more diverse, thus making it more difficult for bacteria to develop resistance compared with classical antibiotics. The metal silver has been used since antiquity for wound healing and water purification. At present, it is the most prevalent antimicrobial metal used in healthcare, industry, and consumer products. Silver is being used in the form of ionic salt, colloids, or in specific nanomaterials, and as described in this book, it can be applied as mixtures with other antimicrobials or coating composites. The different formulations are explored for their efficacy against a variety of problems related to agricultural and medical infections. Whilst by no means exhaustive, this book nicely highlights the present directions in silver-based antimicrobial research and antimicrobial formulation development. The chapters have been organized from a general introductory review to approaches of mixing other antimicrobials and materials to enhance silver performance. This is followed by synthetic approaches. First are biogenic (sometimes called green or eco-friendly) approaches, followed by advanced physical–chemical synthetic approaches. The book ends with an overview of applications through a review of patents over the past 10 years
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    Ecological and Health Risk of Soils, Sediments, and Water Contamination (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036500348 , 9783036500355
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The papers in this SI present valuable results in the topics of soils, sediments, and water contamination according to the consideration of ecological and health risk. They also point out open questions and possible avenues for future research. Biochar application can benefit both soil conservation and contamination, but further research should be conducted to investigate whether these positive effects can be extended to the field scale. Similar to biochar, scale-up design will be helpful for thin-layer capping in in situ sediments using mixed active amendments. Both physiochemical analysis and bioassays mutually supported the evaluation results of river water quality. However, we need better approaches and policies for management to prevent further contamination from the discharge of untreated industrial and domestic waste into this aquatic ecosystem. The use of microorganisms to eliminate antibiotics is a promising strategy, but future work should verify the biodegradation ability of antibiotic-degrading bacteria in wastewater treatment plants
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    Computational Methods for the Analysis of Genomic Data and Biological Processes (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039437719 , 9783039437726
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: In recent decades, new technologies have made remarkable progress in helping to understand biological systems. Rapid advances in genomic profiling techniques such as microarrays or high-performance sequencing have brought new opportunities and challenges in the fields of computational biology and bioinformatics. Such genetic sequencing techniques allow large amounts of data to be produced, whose analysis and cross-integration could provide a complete view of organisms. As a result, it is necessary to develop new techniques and algorithms that carry out an analysis of these data with reliability and efficiency. This Special Issue collected the latest advances in the field of computational methods for the analysis of gene expression data, and, in particular, the modeling of biological processes. Here we present eleven works selected to be published in this Special Issue due to their interest, quality, and originality
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    Advances in Chemical Vapor Deposition (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039439232 , 9783039439249
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (94 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Pursuing a scalable production methodology for materials and advancing it from the laboratory to industry is beneficial to novel daily-life applications. From this perspective, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) offers a compromise between efficiency, controllability, tunability and excellent run-to-run repeatability in the coverage of monolayers on substrates. Hence, CVD meets all of the requirements for industrialization in basically all areas, including polymer coatings, metals, water-filtration systems, solar cells and so on. The Special Issue “Advances in Chemical Vapor Deposition” is dedicated to providing an overview of the latest experimental findings and identifying the growth parameters and characteristics of perovskites, TiO2, Al2O3, VO2 and V2O5 with desired qualities for potentially useful devices
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    Sulfur-Containing Marine Bioactives (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036504902 , 9783036504919
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Sulfur is an essential element for all living organisms and is required by algae, plants, fungi, animals, and humans for growth and development. It is present in a variety of biomolecules involved in many biological functions, including the maintenance of cell redox homeostasis, defense, and detoxifying processes. The alteration of sulfur compound metabolism may lead to human diseases as well as to plant and animal pathologies. The marine environment, which is characterized by a high biodiversity of species and a great chemical diversity, represents a great potential source of bioactive sulfur molecules. A broad range of biologically active sulfur compounds with unique structures and pharmacological properties have been reported to occur in marine organisms, from amino acids to different sulfated derivatives. Great attention is also focused on sulfur metabolites in the marine microbial world in relation to the global sulfur cycle. The aim of this Special Issue is to present existing knowledge and recent studies on sulfur-containing marine bioactive compounds in different biological systems. Attention is also focused on metabolites active at the ecological level
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    SUMP for Cities’ Sustainable Development (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036504605 , 9783036504612
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: In a rapidly changing world, it is necessary to increase the engagement of local authorities and stakeholders to make urban mobility cleaner and more sustainable. The best way is to combine great ideas and innovative measures with political support. This Special Issue consists of six articles analyzing the impact of SUMPs. Innovative measures have been proposed to change urban transport systems towards sustainability: Chinese research has analyzed the tourist flow of Tibet using innovative technologies: mobile phone data, visualizations using GIS, and social networks. Lithuanian authors proposed three autonomous car travel development concepts that should become a conceptual tool in the development of ITS and C-ITS. An English scientific paper is based on a review of local transport policy documents from 13 cities in four countries. Most cities seek to reduce car travel as a proportion of trips. Experience from Slovenia shows that the comprehensive traffic calming approach has positive effects and contributes to achieving sustainable mobility. Korean researchers used the GINI coefficient to evaluate the bus system to identify bus nodes in order of importance. The last article described that multicriteria decision-making methods have been successfully used for assessing the effectiveness of sustainable transport systems, and a universal evaluation model was proposed
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    From Basic Research to New Tools and Challenges for the Genotoxicity Testing of Nanomaterials (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036501123 , 9783036501130
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction
    Abstract: This Special Issue presents studies on the genotoxicity of nanomaterials. Although nanomaterials provide multiple benefits in a wide range of applications, challenges remain in addressing strong concerns about their risks to the environment and human health. As a result of inconsistencies among published results and diverging conclusions, the understanding of nanomaterial exposure and toxicity remains unclear. Determining whether these materials cause DNA damage—the first step in carcinogenesis—must be a priority in testing. In this book, readers will find recent publications on the genotoxic response to a broad range of nanomaterials, the impact of physico-chemical characteristics, safe-by-design and new developed tools
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    Advanced Composite Biomaterials (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036507644 , 9783036507651
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Biomaterials is currently one of the most important fields of study. This is because of the high degree of interdisciplinarity and the many practical solutions it provides in relation to medicine, biology, chemistry, and physics. This Special Issue provides readers with research from the domain of composite biomaterials in different applications, from controlled drug release systems to tissue engineering
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    AI-Based Transportation Planning and Operation (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036503646 , 9783036503653
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: The purpose of this Special Issue is to create an an academic platform whereby high-quality research papers are published on the applications of innovative AI algorithms to transportation planning and operation. The authors present their original research articles related to the applications of AI or machine-learning techniques to transportation planning and operation. The topics of the articles encompass traffic surveillance, traffic safety, vehicle emission reduction, congestion management, traffic speed forecasting, and ride sharing strategy
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    Environmentally Friendly Polymers and Polymer Composites (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036500362 , 9783036500379
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (296 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Continuous research advances have been observed in the field of environmentally-friendly polymers and polymer composites due to the dependence of polymers on fossil fuels and the sustainability issues related to plastic wastes. This book compiles the most recent research works in biopolymers, their blends and composites, and the use of natural additives, such as vegetable oils and other renewable and waste-derived liquids, with their marked environmental efficiency devoted to developing novel sustainable materials. Therefore, Environmentally Friendly Polymers and Polymer Composites provides an overview to scientists of the potential of these environmentally friendly materials and helps engineers to apply these new materials for industrial purposes
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    Mathematical Modelling in Biomedicine (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039434930 , 9783039434947
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: Mathematical modelling in biomedicine is a rapidly developing scientific discipline at the intersection of medicine, biology, mathematics, physics, and computer science. Its progress is stimulated by fundamental scientific questions and by the applications to public health. This book represents a collection of papers devoted to mathematical modelling of various physiological problems in normal and pathological conditions. It covers a broad range of topics including cardiovascular system and diseases, heart and brain modelling, tumor growth, viral infections, and immune response. Computational models of blood circulation are used to study the influence of heart arrhythmias on coronary blood flow and on operating modes for left-ventricle-assisted devices. Wave propagation in the cardiac tissue is investigated in order to show the influence of tissue heterogeneity and fibrosis. The models of tumor growth are used to determine optimal protocols of antiangiogenic and radiotherapy. The models of viral hepatitis kinetics are considered for the parameter identification, and the evolution of viral quasi-species is investigated. The book presents the state-of-the-art in mathematical modelling in biomedicine and opens new perspectives in this passionate field of research
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    High-Performance Green Extraction of Natural Products (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036502922 , 9783036502939
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Phytochemicals from natural products are now widely used as food additives (antioxidants, pigments), food supplements, cosmetic ingredients, etc. Currently, the majority of the extraction processes implemented on an industrial scale for the production of bioactive-enriched extracts are based on solvents of petroleum origin. However, contemporary trends in green extraction techniques dictate a minimization of solvent use, low-energy processes and novel eco-friendly materials that are environmentally benign. The search for liquids and/or extraction technologies that could meet such requirements is, therefore, an intriguing concept. This book addresses the concept of recovering natural bioactive substances from plant resources, using state-of-the-art extraction technologies, with prospects in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries
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    Multifunctional Composites (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036504926 , 9783036504933
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: With the progress in nanotechnology and associated production methods, composite materials are becoming lighter, cheaper, more durable, and more versatile. At present, great progress has been made in the design, preparation, and characterization of composite materials, making them smarter and versatile. By creating new properties using suitable fillers and matrix, functional composites can meet the most challenging standards of users, especially in high-tech industries. Advanced composites reinforced by high-performance carbon fibers and nanofillers are popular in the automotive and aerospace industries thanks to their significant advantages, such as high specific strength to weight ratio and noncorrosion properties. In addition to the improvement of the mechanical performance, composite materials today are designed to provide new functions dealing with antibacterial, self-cleaning, self-healing, super-hard, and solar reflective properties for desired end-use applications. On the other hand, composite materials can contribute to mitigating environmental issues by providing renewable energy technologies in conjunction with multifunctional, lightweight energy storage systems with high performance and noncorrosive properties. They are also used to prepare a new generation of batteries and directly contribute to H2 production or CO2 reduction in fuels and chemicals. This Special Issue aims to collect articles reporting on recent developments dealing with preparative methods, design, properties, structure, and characterization methods as well as promising applications of multifunctional composites. It covers potential applications in various areas, such as anticorrosion, photocatalyst, absorbers, superhydrophobic, self-cleaning, antifouling/antibacterial, renewable energy, energy storage systems, construction, and electronics. The modeling and simulation of processes involving the design and preparation of functional and multifunctional composites as well as experimental studies involving these composites are all covered in this Special Issue
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    Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenolic Plant Extracts (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036502885 , 9783036502892
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (388 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: “Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenolic Plant Extracts” is a collection of scientific articles regarding polyphenols, that is, substances occurring naturally in plants and exhibiting many beneficial effects on human health. Among polyphenols’ interesting biological properties, their antioxidant activity is considered the most important. This book brings together experts from different research fields on topics related to polyphenols, such as their isolation and purification, assessment of their antioxidant activity, prevention from oxidative stress-induced diseases and use as food additives. The polyphenols used in the present studies are derived from a great variety of plants, ranging from well-known species to rare ones that are only found in specific regions. Moreover, some of the studies provide evidence that polyphenols may be used for the prevention and treatment of common diseases such as diabetes mellitus, Alzheimers’ disease, cardiovascular and intestinal diseases. Importantly, in several of the studies “green extraction methods” for the isolation of polyphenols were developed using modern technologies, where few or no organic solvents were used, in order to minimize environmental and health impacts
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    Chemical and Technological Characterization of Dairy Products (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502182 , 9783036502199
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Milk processing is one of the most ancient food technologies, dating back to around 6000 B.C. A huge number of milk products have been developed worldwide, representing a spectacular example of biodiversity and a priceless cultural heritage. After millennia of unanimous appreciation as a pillar of human nutrition, a series of questions about the desirability of their wide consumption have been raised. In the light of the growing threat deriving mostly from the spread of veganism and health consciousness, improving milk prcoessing safety and dairy nutritional characteristics, as well as deepening their functional characteristics, are of a primary exigency. This Special Issue contains several articles focusing on this hot topic, all of which add knowledge to the field and supply interesting ideas for developing new products and processes
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    Green, Closed Loop, Circular Bio-Economy (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502106 , 9783036502113
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (288 p.)
    Keywords: Economic history
    Abstract: In recent years, bioeconomy strategies have been implemented and adapted internationally. In the bioeconomy, materials are to a certain extent circular by nature. However, biomaterials may also be used in a rather linear way. Lately, a transition towards a circular economy, a more restorative and regenerative economic model, is being promoted worldwide. A circular economy offers an alternative model aiming at “doing more and better with less”. It is based on the idea that circulating matter and energy will diminish the need for new input. Its concept lies in maintaining the value of products, materials, and resources for as long as possible and at the same time minimizing or even eliminating the amount of waste produced. Focused on “closing the loops”, a circular economy is a practical solution for promoting entrepreneurial sustainability, economic growth, environmental resilience, and a better quality of life for all. The most efficient way to close resource loops is to find value in the waste. Different modes of resource circulation may be applied, e.g., raw materials, by-products, human resources, logistics, services, waste, energy, or water. To that end, this Special Issue seeks to contribute to the circular bioeconomy agenda through enhanced scientific and multidisciplinary knowledge to boost the performance efficiency of circular business models and support decision-making within the specific field. The Special Issue includes innovative technical developments, reviews, and case studies, all of which are relevant to green, closed-loop, circular bioeconomy
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    Biomass for Energy Application (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036502687 , 9783036502694
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (246 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book focuses on the utilization of biomass for energy applications and mainly covers the original research and studies related to thermochemical conversion, biological conversion and physical conversion. It contains a summary the current scientific knowledge in the field of biomass utilization, which is the first of its kind in the literature. Energy potentials and different principles of energy transformation from various renewable energy sources (bamboo, wood residue, straw, sorrel, hay, pines, sunflower stalks, hazelnut husks, quinoa, camelina, crambe, safflower, muscantus and municipal sewage sludge, among others) are described in detail in this book. Different types of pyrolysis or torrefaction processing, combustion, thermal degradation, mechanical properties affecting processing, pre-treatment or treatment processes, or other processes based on thermochemical methods are described as well. The integral part of this book is the bibliometric analysis of worldwide publication trends on biomass and bioenergy with respect to the research evolution with the possibility of predicting future scenarios and the participation of stakeholders in the sector
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    Novel Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039439034 , 9783039439041
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (442 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents the most common form of dementia in the elderly population worldwide. AD is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration that leads to a gradual deterioration of memory and other cognitive functions. Given the global prevalence and impact of AD, there is a critical need to establish biomarkers that can be used to detect AD in individuals before the onset of clinical signs and provide mitigating therapeutics. The aim of this Special Issue is to discuss the current knowledge as well as future perspectives on the role of biomarkers in the screening, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of AD
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    Chromosome Manipulation for Plant Breeding Purposes (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036500249 , 9783036500256
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (138 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: The ability to exploit the potential of wild relatives carrying beneficial traits is a major goal in breeding programs. However, it relies on the possibility of the chromosomes from the crop and wild species in interspecific crosses to recognize, associate, and undergo crossover formation during meiosis, the cellular process responsible for producing gametes with half the genetic content of their parent cells. Unfortunately, in most cases, a barrier exists preventing successful hybridization between the wild and crop chromosomes. Understanding the mechanisms controlling chromosome associations during meiosis are of great interest in plant breeding and will allow chromosome manipulation to introduce genetic variability from related species into a crop. In addition to interspecific hybrids, other materials, such as natural and synthetic polyploids and introgression lines derived from allopolyploids, among others, are powerful tools in the framework of plant breeding. For example, an extra pair of alien chromosomes in the full genome complement of a crop species has been frequently used as a first step to access genetic variation from the secondary gene pool in breeding programs. In addition, such introgression lines are also pivotal in the study of interspecific genetic interactions, in the chromosomal location of genetic markers, and in the study of chromosome structure and behavior in somatic and meiotic cells. Contained in this Special Issue are accounts of original research, including new tools to identify chromosome introgressions and the development and characterization of introgression lines and interspecific hybrids carrying desirable agronomic traits for plant breeding purposes. Also included are reviews about the chromosome engineering of tropical cash crops and the effect of chromosome structure on chromosome associations and recombination during meiosis to allow chromosome manipulation in the framework of plant breeding
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    Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2019 (SIMES-2019) (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039436217 , 9783039436224
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2019 (SIMES-2019) has been launched as a joint issue of the journals Applied Sciences and Materials. The 10 contributions published in this Special Issue of Applied Sciences present cutting-edge advances in the field of manufacturing engineering, focusing on production planning, sustainability, metrology, cultural heritage, and materials processing, with experimental and numerical results. It is worth mentioning that the topic “production planning” has attracted a great number of contributions in this journal, due to their applicative approach
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    Mathematical Analysis and Analytic Number Theory 2019 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036500324 , 9783036500331
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (318 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: This volume is a collection of investigations involving the theory and applications of the various tools and techniques of mathematical analysis and analytic number theory, which are remarkably widespread in many diverse areas of the mathematical, biological, physical, chemical, engineering, and statistical sciences. It contains invited and welcome original as well as review-cum-expository research articles dealing with recent and new developments on the topics of mathematical analysis and analytic number theory as well as their multidisciplinary applications
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    Advances in Elastomers (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036504346 , 9783036504353
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (142 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Elastomer materials are characterized by their high elongation and (entropy) elasticity, which makes them indispensable for widespread applications in various engineering and medical areas as well as consumer goods. This book focuses on the state-of-the-art of elastomers covering all aspects from their properties to applications. The development and testing of advanced elastomers is of particular interest. Attention is given to various aspects of elastomers, such as ever-increasing environmental concepts dealing with recyclability and reusability, incorporation of functional groups or additives to obtain novel functionality or bioelastomers, analytical description of mechanisms and structure relations of the fracture behavior of elastomers, and their external stimuli-responsive character. The scope of the book encompasses contributions at the frontier of science in polymer network synthesis, experimental and theoretical physics of polymer networks, and new structures and functionalities incorporated into elastomers leading to enhanced properties of crosslinked elastomeric materials, among others
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    Solid Fuels Technology and Applications (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036503226 , 9783036503233
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This Special Issue presents the latest state-of-the-art research on solid fuels technology with dedicated, focused research papers. There are a variety of topics to choose from among the seven published re-search works to bring you up to date with the current trends in academia and industry
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    Surface Engineering of Light Alloys (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036501208 , 9783036501215
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Light alloys (aluminum, magnesium, and titanium alloys) are gaining increasing interest in the scientific and technological community in many different application fields, from automotive to medicine, thanks to their light weight coupled with interesting mechanical properties. The functional performances of light alloys can be significantly affected by their surface properties; in fact, the surface can be considered as the “visiting card” of the material for its working environment (e.g., it can drive the biological response upon implantation for titanium alloys intended for biomedical implants or it can affect the joining ability of aluminum and magnesium alloys) as well as for its further material working steps (e.g., coatings). Surface engineering is a versatile tool for the modification of material surfaces in order to tailor and improve their functional properties. The aim of the present Special Issue is to present the latest development in this field through research and review papers. In particular, the topics of interest include, but are not limited to, surface engineering of light alloys for biomedical applications, surface engineering of light alloys for joining and coatings applications, surface engineering of light alloys for corrosion protection, and surface engineering of light alloys for antibacterial/antifouling purposes
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    Impacts of Anthropogenic Activities on Watersheds in a Changing Climate (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502663 , 9783036502670
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (256 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The immediate goal of this Special Issue was the characterization of land uses and occupations (LULC) in watersheds and the assessment of impacts caused by anthropogenic activities. The goal was immediate because the ultimate purpose was to help bring disturbed watersheds to a better condition or a utopian sustainable status. The steps followed to attain this objective included publishing studies on the understanding of factors and variables that control hydrology and water quality changes in response to human activities. Following this first step, the Special Issue selected work that described adaption measures capable of improving the watershed condition (water availability and quality), namely LULC conversions (e.g., monocultures into agro-forestry systems). Concerning the LULC measures, however, efficacy was questioned unless supported by public programs that force consumers to participate in concomitant costs, because conversions may be viewed as an environmental service
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    Applications of Information Theory to Epidemiology (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036503165 , 9783036503172
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (238 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: • Applications of Information Theory to Epidemiology collects recent research findings on the analysis of diagnostic information and epidemic dynamics. • The collection includes an outstanding new review article by William Benish, providing both a historical overview and new insights. • In research articles, disease diagnosis and disease dynamics are viewed from both clinical medicine and plant pathology perspectives. Both theory and applications are discussed. • New theory is presented, particularly in the area of diagnostic decision-making taking account of predictive values, via developments of the predictive receiver operating characteristic curve. • New applications of information theory to the analysis of observational studies of disease dynamics in both human and plant populations are presented
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    Integration of Renewables in Power Systems by Multi-Energy System Interaction (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036503424 , 9783036503431
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (358 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This book focuses on the interaction between different energy vectors, that is, between electrical, thermal, gas, and transportation systems, with the purpose of optimizing the planning and operation of future energy systems. More and more renewable energy is integrated into the electrical system, and to optimize its usage and ensure that its full production can be hosted and utilized, the power system has to be controlled in a more flexible manner. In order not to overload the electrical distribution grids, the new large loads have to be controlled using demand response, perchance through a hierarchical control set-up where some controls are dependent on price signals from the spot and balancing markets. In addition, by performing local real-time control and coordination based on local voltage or system frequency measurements, the grid hosting limits are not violated
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    Modelling of Wireless Power Transfer (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036505084 , 9783036505091
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Wireless power transfer allows the transfer of energy from a transmitter to a receiver across an air gap, without any electrical connections. Technically, any device that needs power can become an application for wireless power transmission. The current list of applications is therefore very diverse, from low-power portable electronics and household devices to high-power industrial automation and electric vehicles. With the rise of IoT sensor networks and Industry 4.0, the presence of wireless energy transfer will only increase. In order to improve the current state of the art, models are being developed and tested experimentally. Such models allow simulating, quantifying, predicting, or visualizing certain aspects of the power transfer from transmitter(s) to receiver(s). Moreover, they often result in a better understanding of the fundamentals of the wireless link. This book presents a wonderful collection of peer-reviewed papers that focus on the modelling of wireless power transmission. It covers both inductive and capacitive wireless coupling and includes work on multiple transmitters and/or receivers
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    Natural Fibres and their Composites (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036501642 , 9783036501659
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (252 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Over the last decades, natural fibers have received growing attention as alternatives to synthetic materials for the reinforcement of polymeric composites. Their specific properties, low price, health advantages, renewability and recyclability make natural fibers particularly attractive for these purposes. Furthermore, natural fibers have a CO2-neutral life cycle, in contrast to their synthetic counterparts. However, natural fibers are also widely known to possess several drawbacks, such as a hydrophilic nature, low and variable mechanical properties, poor adhesion to polymeric matrices, high susceptibility to moisture absorption and low aging resistance. Therefore, extensive research has been conducted on natural fiber-reinforced composites in the last 20 years. In this context, this book presents several interesting papers concerning the use of natural fibers for the reinforcement of polymer-based composites, with a focus on the evaluation of their mechanical performances, ballistic properties, rheological behavior, thermal insulation response and aging resistance in humid or aggressive environments
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    Search Engine Optimization (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039368181 , 9783039368198
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries
    Abstract: This Special Issue book focuses on the theory and practice of search engine optimization (SEO). It is intended for anyone who publishes content online and it includes five peer-reviewed papers from various researchers. More specifically, the book includes theoretical and case study contributions which review and synthesize important aspects, including, but not limited to, the following themes: theory of SEO, different types of SEO, SEO criteria evaluation, search engine algorithms, social media and SEO, and SEO applications in various industries, as well as SEO on media websites. The book aims to give a better understanding of the importance of SEO in the current state of the Internet and online information search. Even though SEO is widely used by marketing practitioners, there is a relatively small amount of academic research that systematically attempts to capture this phenomenon and its impact across different industries. Thus, this collection of studies offers useful insights, as well as a valuable resource that intends to open the door for future SEO-related research
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    Micro/Nano-Chip Electrokinetics, Volume III (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036500485 , 9783036500492
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (228 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Micro/nanofluidics-based lab-on-a-chip devices have found extensive applications in the analysis of chemical and biological samples over the past two decades. Electrokinetics is the method of choice in these micro/nano-chips for transporting, manipulating, and sensing various analyte species (e.g., ions, molecules, fluids, and particles). This book aims to highlight the recent developments in the field of micro/nano-chip electrokinetics, ranging from the fundamentals of electrokinetics to the applications of electrokinetics to both chemo- and bio-sample handling
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    Biomarkers of Renal Diseases (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039439119 , 9783039439126
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (276 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This book provides important and updated information on current research devoted to urinary biomarkers. Urinary biomarkers are characteristics that can be objectively measured and evaluated as indicators of normal biological or pathogenic processes of pharmacological responses to therapeutic intervention
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    Mechanical Properties in Progressive Mechanically Processed Metallic Materials (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036500768 , 9783036500775
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (256 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: The demands on innovative materials given by the ever-increasing requirements of contemporary industry require the use of high-performance engineering materials. The properties of materials and alloys are a result of their structures, which can primarily be affected by the preparation/production process. However, the production of materials featuring high levels of the required properties without the necessity to use costly alloying elements or time- and money-demanding heat treatment technologies typically used to enhance the mechanical properties of metallic materials (especially specific strength) still remains a challenge. The introduction of thermomechanical treatment represented a breakthrough in grain refinement, consequently leading to significant improvement of the mechanical properties of metallic materials. Contrary to conventional production technologies, the main advantage of such treatment is the possibility to precisely control structural phenomena that affect the final mechanical and utility properties. Thermomechanical treatment can only decrease the grain size to the scale of microns. However, further research devoted to pushing materials’ performance beyond the limits led to the introduction of severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods providing producers with the ability to acquire ultra-fine-grained and nanoscaled metallic materials with superior mechanical properties. SPD methods can be performed with the help of conventional forming equipment; however, many newly designed processes have also been introduced
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    Untargeted Alternative Routes of Arbovirus Transmission (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039437672 , 9783039437689
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (178 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Arboviruses have become global threats. Common to Dengue, Zika, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Mayaro viruses is their ability to be transmitted by mosquitoes. Several strategies based on transgenics or microbiology are currently being field-tested. While this approach seems hopeful, the research community needs to focus on potential backlash from these technologies to prevent failure. The aim of the Special Issue is to cover different transmission routes that are untargeted by the newly developed strategies to foresee limitations. Here, Fontenille & Powell gave their insights on how a mosquito species becomes a global vector, Yen & Failloux presented the limitations of Wolbachia-based population replacement, Pereira-dos-Santos et al. reviewed the evidence that Aedes albopictus is an important vector, and Diagne et al. gathered information about the latest emerging arbovirus: Mayaro. Manuel et al. demonstrated that in certain conditions mosquitoes efficiently transmit Zika viruses and Rozo-Lopez et al. showed that midges vertically transmit stomatitis virus, highlighting the epidemiological significance of vertical transmission. Vector competence for secondary vectors was improved by Kosoltanapiwat et al. during entomological surveillance and by Fernandes et al. when evaluating different vector species competence for Zika viruses. Morales-Vargas et al. and Calvez et al. improved our understanding of DENV2 and DENV4 epidemiology
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    Quantum Transport in Mesoscopic Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039433667 , 9783039433674
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (426 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Mesoscopic physics deals with systems larger than single atoms but small enough to retain their quantum properties. The possibility to create and manipulate conductors of the nanometer scale has given birth to a set of phenomena that have revolutionized physics: quantum Hall effects, persistent currents, weak localization, Coulomb blockade, etc. This Special Issue tackles the latest developments in the field. Contributors discuss time-dependent transport, quantum pumping, nanoscale heat engines and motors, molecular junctions, electron–electron correlations in confined systems, quantum thermo-electrics and current fluctuations. The works included herein represent an up-to-date account of exciting research with a broad impact in both fundamental and applied topics
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    Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039435333 , 9783039435340
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (158 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Blockchain and cryptocurrencies have recently captured the interest of academics and those in industry. Cryptocurrencies are essentially digital currencies that use blockchain technology and cryptography to facilitate secure and anonymous transactions. The cryptocurrency market is currently worth over $500 billion. Many institutions and countries are starting to understand and implement the idea of cryptocurrencies in their business models. This Special Issue will provide a collection of papers from leading experts in the area of blockchain and cryptocurrencies. The topics covered in this Special Issue will include but are not limited to the following: academic research on blockchain and cryptocurrencies; industrial applications of blockchain and cryptocurrencies; applications of fintech in academia and industry; the economics of blockchain technology, and the financial analysis and risk management with cryptocurrencies
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    Molecular Marker Technology for Crop Improvement (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039438631 , 9783039438648
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (302 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Since the 1980s, agriculture and plant breeding have changed with the development of molecular marker technology. In recent decades, different types of molecular markers have been used for different purposes: mapping, marker-assisted selection, characterization of genetic resources, etc. These have produced effective genotyping, but the results have been costly and time-consuming due to the small number of markers that could be tested simultaneously. Recent advances in molecular marker technologies such as the development of high-throughput genotyping platforms, genotyping by sequencing, and the release of the genome sequences of major crop plants have opened new possibilities for advancing crop improvement. This Special Issue collects 16 research studies, including the application of molecular markers in 11 crop species, from the generation of linkage maps and diversity studies to the application of marker-assisted selection and genomic prediction
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    Biocatalytic Process Optimization (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039439157 , 9783039439164
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (296 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Biocatalysis is very appealing to the industry because it allows, in principle, the synthesis of products not accessible by chemical synthesis. Enzymes are very effective, as are precise biocatalysts, as they are enantioselective, with mild reaction conditions and green chemistry. Biocatalysis is currently widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, food industry, cosmetic industry, and textile industry. This includes enzyme production, biocatalytic process development, biotransformation, enzyme engineering, immobilization, the synthesis of fine chemicals and the recycling of biocatalysts. One of the most challenging problems in biocatalysis applications is process optimization. This Special Issue shows that an optimized biocatalysis process can provide an environmentally friendly, clean, highly efficient, low cost, and renewable process for the synthesis and production of valuable products. With further development and improvements, more biocatalysis processes may be applied in the future
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    Life Cycle Assessment of Energy Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036505244 , 9783036505251
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (198 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This Special Issue on “LCA of Energy Systems” contains inspiring contributions on assessing the sustainability of novel technologies destined to shape the future of our energy sector. These include battery-based and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, geothermal energy, hydropower, biomass gasification, national electricity systems, and waste incineration. The analysis of trends and singularities will be invaluable to product designers, engineers, and policy makers. Furthermore, these exercises also contribute to refining the life cycle framework and harmonizing methodological decisions. Our hope is that this should be a step toward promoting the use of science and knowledge to shape a better world for everyone
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    Advances in Multiple Sclerosis Research—Series I (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039439478 , 9783039439485
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (334 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Designing immunotherapeutics, drugs, and anti-inflammatory reagents has been at the forefront of autoimmune research, in particular multiple sclerosis, for over 20 years. Delivery methods that are used to modulate effective and long-lasting immune responses have been the major focus. This Special Issue focused on delivery methods to be used for vaccines, immunotherapeutic approaches, drug design, and anti-inflammatories and their outcomes in preclinical studies and clinical trials
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    Dynamics of the Global Savanna and Grassland Biomes (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036503486 , 9783036503493
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (102 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Savanna and grassland biomes cover more of the earth's surface than any other biome type, and yet they are still largely understudied. In recent decades, global savanna and grassland ecosystems have become more prominent in the literature focused on global change dynamics. Savanna and grasslands represent unique biomes with their own challenges, both in terms of their study and in terms of their complexity, leading to many contradictory and often controversial findings. The global threats to these systems are potentially significant, from climate change impacts to human management challenges, from possible degradation to complete desertification, which vary across disturbance regime shifts. This Special Issue of Applied Sciences, “Dynamics of Global Savanna and Grassland Biomes”, is intended for a wide and interdisciplinary audience, and covers recent advances in: - drivers of vegetation dynamics - further understanding carbon interactions in these critical landscapes - advances in modeling both current and future system states - tipping points in savanna systems - human-environment interactions and challenges for management - biodiversity and ecosystem services
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    Managed Aquifer Recharge for Water Resilience (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039430420 , 9783039430437
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (408 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book is a hard copy of the editorial and all the papers in a Special Issue of the peer-reviewed open access journal ‘Water’ on the theme ‘Managed Aquifer Recharge for Water Resilience’. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is the purposeful recharge of water to aquifers for subsequent recovery or environmental benefit. MAR is increasingly used to make water supplies resilient to drought, climate change and deteriorating water quality, and to protect ecosystems from declining groundwater levels. Global MAR has grown exponentially to 10 cu.km/year and will increase ten-fold within a few decades. Well informed hydrogeologists, engineers and water quality scientists are needed to ensure that this investment is effective in meeting increasingly pressing needs. This compilation contains lessons from many examples of existing projects, including several national and continental summaries. It also addresses the elements essential for identifying and advancing projects such as mapping aquifer suitability and opportunities, policy matters, operational issues, and some innovations in MAR methods and monitoring. This collection exemplifies the state of progress in the science and practice of MAR and is intended to be useful, at least to water managers, water utilities, agricultural water users and urban planners, to facilitate water resilience through new MAR projects
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    Performance and Application of Novel Biocomposites (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036503127 , 9783036503134
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (284 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Amidst impending climate change and enhanced pollution levels around the globe, the need of the hour is to develop bio-based materials that are sustainable and possess comparable performance properties to their synthetic counterparts. In light of the aforementioned, numerous investigations are being conducted to identify, process, and create materials that are concurrently innocuous towards the environment and have superior properties. This book is a collection of such scientific articles that propagate novel ideas for the development of polymeric composite materials, which have application potential in numerous fields such as medicine, automobile, aviation, construction, etc. It also contains a pedagogical article that proposes some strategies to continue experimental research during pandemics. This book will provide readers a quick glance into recent developments regarding polymeric materials and will encourage them to propagate these research ideas further
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    Bioactive Molecules from Extreme Environments (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036505640 , 9783036505657
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (244 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: The papers included in this Special Issue "Bioactive Molecules from Extreme Environments" provide an overview of the growing interest in species biodiversity, highlighting the importance of marine extreme environments as sources of a unique marine chemical diversity of molecules. It is worth noting that six articles in this Special Issue are focused on molecules and enzymes isolated from Antarctica. This means that there is a growing interest in this habitat, most probably due to being perceived as an important source of drug discovery. In fact, the unique environment and ecological pressures of marine polar regions might be the major drivers of a selection of unique biological communities that are able to biosynthesize new compounds with diverse biological activities. It is expected that, in the near future, more marine molecules from polar regions, as well as from other extreme habitats, will find their way into biomedical and biotechnological applications
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    Reading Fluency (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039432684 , 9783039432691
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Keywords: Language
    Abstract: Reading fluency has been identified as a key component of proficient reading. Research has consistently demonstrated significant and substantial correlations between reading fluency and overall reading achievement. Despite the great potential for fluency to have a significant outcome on students’ reading achievement, it continues to be not well understood by teachers, school administrators and policy makers. The chapters in this volume examine reading fluency from a variety of perspectives. The initial chapter sketches the history of fluency as a literacy instruction component. Following chapters examine recent studies and approaches to reading fluency, followed by chapters that explore actual fluency instruction models and the impact of fluency instruction. Assessment of reading fluency is critical for monitoring progress and identifying students in need of intervention. Two articles on assessment, one focused on word recognition and the other on prosody, expand our understanding of fluency measurement. Finally, a study from Turkey explores the relationship of various reading competencies, including fluency, in an integrated model of reading. Our hope for this volume is that it may spark a renewed interest in research into reading fluency and fluency instruction and move toward making fluency instruction an even more integral part of all literacy instruction
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    Integrated Assessment of Climate Change Impacts and Urban Resilience : From Climate and Hydrological Hazards to Risk Analysis and Measures (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039431625 , 9783039431632
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (316 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book brings together recent research related to urban resilience, in particular, taking into account climate change impacts and hydrological hazards. Due to the complexity of our cities, which are vulnerable and continuously evolving systems, urban resilience should be considered as a transversal and multi-sectorial issue, affecting different urban services, several hazards, and all the steps of the risk management cycle. Within this context, the different pieces of research that form this book deal with the topics of multi-risk and urban resilience assessment, analysis of cascading effects, and the proposal and prioritization of adaptation measures and strategies to cope with climate-related hazards through multi-criteria analysis
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    Biomechanics Energetics of Natural Assisted Human Comparative Movement Locomotion (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036504148 , 9783036504155
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Movement and locomotion have always been key activities for all animals, being related to the most crucial life functions: retrieving food, facing environmental issues and mating. Humans developed complex upper arms movements and bipedal gaits in order to move and locomote. To enhance their performance, they started inventing smart passive mechanical tools. This need arose from intrinsic limitations of their muscle–joint–bone systems and metabolic power availability. Newly invented devices were mainly introduced in order to cope with such constraints. The aim of this Special Issue is to advance knowledge regarding symmetry, biomechanics and energetics of passively assisted human movement and locomotion
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    Advanced Sensors for Real-Time Monitoring Applications (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036504261 , 9783036504278
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (350 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: It is impossible to imagine the modern world without sensors, or without real-time information about almost everything—from local temperature to material composition and health parameters. We sense, measure, and process data and act accordingly all the time. In fact, real-time monitoring and information is key to a successful business, an assistant in life-saving decisions that healthcare professionals make, and a tool in research that could revolutionize the future. To ensure that sensors address the rapidly developing needs of various areas of our lives and activities, scientists, researchers, manufacturers, and end-users have established an efficient dialogue so that the newest technological achievements in all aspects of real-time sensing can be implemented for the benefit of the wider community. This book documents some of the results of such a dialogue and reports on advances in sensors and sensor systems for existing and emerging real-time monitoring applications
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    Simulation with Entropy Thermodynamics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036501147 , 9783036501154
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Beyond its identification with the second law of thermodynamics, entropy is a formidable tool for describing systems in their relationship with their environment. This book proposes to go through some of these situations where the formulation of entropy, and more precisely, the production of entropy in out-of-equilibrium processes, makes it possible to forge an approach to the behavior of very different systems. Whether for dimensioning structures; influencing parameter variability; or optimizing power, efficiency, or waste heat reduction, simulations based on entropy production offer a tool that is both compact and reliable. In the case of systems marked by complexity, it appears to be the only way. In that sense, realistic optimization can be carried out, integrating within the same framework both the system and all the constraints and boundary conditions that define it. Simulations based on entropy give the researcher a powerful analytical framework that crosses the disciplines of physics and links them together
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    Tourism, Smart Specialization and Sustainable Development (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039436712 , 9783039436729
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (202 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Special Issue addresses relations between tourism activities, smart specialization strategies, and sustainable development at different territorial levels, including the local, regional, national, and international. Framed by appropriate conceptual frameworks to define the contemporary dynamics of innovation in tourism, case studies supported by advanced quantitative methods and developed in rural and urban areas of Asia, Europe, and Africa are presented and discussed. The concept of smart specialization inspires the formulation of regional innovation policies and strategies, emphasizing the importance of endogenous resources and existing territorial capabilities. By exploring the diversity and variety of each economy to develop inter-sectoral relations, this approach aims at promoting the creation of spillover effects of innovation processes supported by adequate key enabling technologies, potentially leading to the sustainable development of places, regions, and countries. As an activity that mobilizes contributions from different economic sectors, tourism may play a central role in such strategies. As described and discussed in this Special Issue, aspects related to the creative sectors of economies, information and communication technologies, traditional products and lifestyles, food production, or diverse cultural values can be mobilized to generate innovative and sustainable solutions for tourism development
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    Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Its Applications (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502403 , 9783036502410
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: This book consists of nine papers covering a number of basic ideas, concepts, and methods of nonlinear analysis, as well as some current research problems. Thus, the reader is introduced to the fascinating theory around Brouwer's fixed point theorem, to Granas' theory of topological transversality, and to some advanced techniques of critical point theory and fixed point theory. Other topics include discontinuous differential equations, new results of metric fixed point theory, robust tracker design problems for various classes of nonlinear systems, and periodic solutions in computer virus propagation models
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  • 74
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    Olive Oil : Processing, Characterization, and Health Benefits (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039438556 , 9783039438563
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Food & society
    Abstract: The Mediterranean diet is well-known worldwide and recognized as a nutrition reference model by the World Health Organization. Virgin olive oil, prepared from healthy and intact fruits of the olive tree only by mechanical means, is a basic ingredient and a real pillar of this diet. Its positive role in health has now been a topic of universal concern. The virtues of natural olive oil, and especially of extra virgin olive oil, are related to the quality of the fruits, the employment of advanced technologies, and the availability of sophisticated analytical techniques that are used to control the origin of the fruits and guarantee the grade of the final product. To enrich recent multidisciplinary scientific information concerning this healthy lipid source, a new special issue of Foods has been published
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  • 75
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    Materials Development by Additive Manufacturing Techniques (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039430321 , 9783039430338
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Additive manufacturing (AM) processes are gaining more and more attention from many industrial fields, mainly because they are revolutionizing the components’ designs and production lines. The complete industrialization of these processes has to be supported by the full understanding of correlation between AM building conditions and the final materials’ properties. Another critical aspect is that nowadays only a reduced number of materials processable by AM are available on the market. It is, therefore, fundamental to widen the materials’ portfolio, and to study and develop new materials that can take advantage of these unique building processes
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    Energy Efficient Cities of Today and Tomorrow (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036503622 , 9783036503639
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (256 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Ongoing urbanization and ever-growing harmful environmental impacts from urban areas necessitate a sustainability transformation in cities. However, cities are also centers of wealth creation and consumption, which both drive environmental degradation. It is clear that cities need to re-establish themselves as low-energy/low-carbon systems, but the transformation is complex in many ways and time is running out. This Special Issue, “Energy Efficient Cities of Today and Tomorrow”, seeks to provide a more profound understanding of the future energy requirements of urban areas and low-energy and low-carbon cities. The published papers range from macro-level assessments of cities manifesting themselves as forerunners in their environmental work to micro-level studies of pro-environmental attitudes and their impacts on individual emissions, a carbon footprint impacts of sharing of goods and services
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    Steady-State Operation, Disturbed Operation and Protection of Power Networks (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036503202 , 9783036503219
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (98 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This Special Issue presents the latest state-of-the-art research on solid fuels technology with dedicated, focused research papers. There are a variety of topics to choose from among the seven published re-search works to bring you up to date with the current trends in academia and industry
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    Woody Biomass for Bioenergy Production (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039439935 , 9783039439942
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Woody biomass is most widely used for energy production. In the United States, roughly 2% of the energy consumed annually is generated from wood and wood-derived fuels. Woody biomass needs to be preprocessed and pretreated before it is used for energy production. Preprocessing and pretreatments improve the physical, chemical, and rheological properties, making them more suitable for feeding, handling, storage transportation, and conversion. Mechanical preprocessing technologies such as size reduction and densification, help improve particle size distribution and density. Thermal pretreatment can reduce grinding energy and torrefied ground biomass has improved sphericity, particle surface area, and particle size distribution. This book focuses on several specific topics, such as understanding how forest biomass for biofuels impacts greenhouse gas emissions; mechanical preprocessing, such as densification of forest residue biomass, to improve physical properties such as size, shape, and density; the impact of thermal pretreatment temperatures on woody biomass chemical composition, physical properties, and microstructure for thermochemical conversions such as pyrolysis and gasification; the grindability of torrefied pellets; use of wood for gasification and as a filter for tar removal; and understanding the pyrolysis kinetics of biomass using thermogravimetric analyzers
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    The Alcohol Hangover : Causes, Consequences, and Treatment (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036503561 , 9783036503578
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (368 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Food & society
    Abstract: The seeds and fruits (or their parts) of Iberoamerican crops have high nutritional and functional properties which could be utilized in a wide range of foods. The crops included in this book are amaranth (Amaranthus spp.), quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), kañiwa (Chenopodium pallidicaule), chia (Salvia hispanica L.), Andean maize (Zea mays L.), moringa (Moringa oleifera), yvapuru (Plinia peruviana), kurugua (Sicana odorifera), sacha inchi (Plukenetia huayllabambana), camu camu (Myrciaria dubia), mango (Mangifera indica), tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis), peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and taro (Colocasia esculenta), all of them still underutilized. Their cultivation is low; nevertheless, in recent years, the worldwide demand for some of them has increased immensely, resulting in an increase in their production. The ancient Iberoamerican crops have been widely recognized for their nutritional value by food scientists and food producers because they contain high-quality proteins and large quantities of micronutrients such as minerals, vitamins and bioactive compounds. In addition, they are gluten-free, which makes them suitable for people suffering from various gluten intolerances. This book summarizes the large amount of investigations in this field in the last year and provides knowledge within all the relevant areas of food science. The editors hope that this book will contribute to an increased use of these products in human nutrition by consumers worldwide
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    Applications of Computer Vision in Automation and Robotics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039435814 , 9783039435821
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    RVK:
    ST 330
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology ; Maschinelles Sehen
    Abstract: This book presents recent research results related to various applications of computer vision methods in the widely understood contexts of automation and robotics. As the current progress of image analysis applications may be easily observed in various areas of everyday life, it becomes one of the most essential elements of development of Industry 4.0 solutions. Some of the examples, partially discussed in individual chapters, may be related to the visual navigation of mobile robots and drones, monitoring of industrial production lines, non-destructive evaluation and testing, monitoring of the IoT devices or the 3D printing process and the quality assessment of manufactured objects, video surveillance systems, and decision support in autonomous vehicles
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    Engineering Fluid Dynamics 2019-2020 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502144 , 9783036502151
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (384 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This book contains the successful submissions to a Special Issue of Energies entitled “Engineering Fluid Dynamics 2019–2020”. The topic of engineering fluid dynamics includes both experimental and computational studies. Of special interest were submissions from the fields of mechanical, chemical, marine, safety, and energy engineering. We welcomed original research articles and review articles. After one-and-a-half years, 59 papers were submitted and 31 were accepted for publication. The average processing time was about 41 days. The authors had the following geographical distribution: China (15); Korea (7); Japan (3); Norway (2); Sweden (2); Vietnam (2); Australia (1); Denmark (1); Germany (1); Mexico (1); Poland (1); Saudi Arabia (1); USA (1); Serbia (1). Papers covered a wide range of topics including analysis of free-surface waves, bridge girders, gear boxes, hills, radiation heat transfer, spillways, turbulent flames, pipe flow, open channels, jets, combustion chambers, welding, sprinkler, slug flow, turbines, thermoelectric power generation, airfoils, bed formation, fires in tunnels, shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and pumps
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    Engineering Fluid Dynamics 2019-2020 : Volume 2 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502502 , 9783036502519
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (202 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This book contains the successful submissions to a Special Issue of Energies entitled “Engineering Fluid Dynamics 2019–2020”. The topic of engineering fluid dynamics includes both experimental and computational studies. Of special interest were submissions from the fields of mechanical, chemical, marine, safety, and energy engineering. We welcomed original research articles and review articles. After one-and-a-half years, 59 papers were submitted and 31 were accepted for publication. The average processing time was about 41 days. The authors had the following geographical distribution: China (15); Korea (7); Japan (3); Norway (2); Sweden (2); Vietnam (2); Australia (1); Denmark (1); Germany (1); Mexico (1); Poland (1); Saudi Arabia (1); USA (1); Serbia (1). Papers covered a wide range of topics including analysis of free-surface waves, bridge girders, gear boxes, hills, radiation heat transfer, spillways, turbulent flames, pipe flow, open channels, jets, combustion chambers, welding, sprinkler, slug flow, turbines, thermoelectric power generation, airfoils, bed formation, fires in tunnels, shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and pumps
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    Classical Swine Fever (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039438099 , 9783039438105
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (226 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This book focuses on the “disease aspects” of classical swine fever (CSF). The epidemiological pattern of the reemergence of CSF from wild boars and its spread to neighboring domestic pigs provides useful information for policy makers. The recent advances in diagnostics and vaccines and how each type of vaccine should be appropriately used in various field situations provide useful information for practicing veterinarians and laboratory scientists, for example, whether the vaccine virus attenuated enough to not cross the placenta to avoid sequelae, how innocuous samples like serum should be cautiously treated to avoid risk of virus spread, how various genotypes of the CSF virus evolve and compete to survive in the field, and how the CSF virus molecularly manipulates normal cell biological processes for its own advantage to survive. Phylogenetic analyses help in tracing the origin of the CSF virus responsible for each outbreak. Overall, readers should be impressed by the capabilities of CFS in pigs. We hope that this book can be a useful reference for all colleagues, whether in CSF-free or CSF-affected parts of the world
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    Coastal Dynamic and Evolution (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039439355 , 9783039439362
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (285 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book includes papers published in the Special Issue titled “Coastal Dynamic and Evolution”, which aimed to collect multidisciplinary studies that involved the evaluation of coastal evolution at different temporal scales, from hours and days to months and years, as well as historical changes. The volume contains investigations carried out by means of aerial photos and satellite images, as well as results from in situ surveys and observations aimed at assessing morphological changes in shoreline and dune systems as a consequence of chronic flooding and erosion processes or the occurrence of specific weather-related events. Studies on the evaluation of past and future sea-level variations and related impacts have also been included. In order to provide the reader with a wide overview of different coastal settings and methodological approaches, case studies from Russia, Italy, California (USA), Morocco, Spain, Indonesia, Ireland and Colombia have been included in this Special Issue. The content may be of interest to those who perform a wide range of investigations related to coastal analysis and management, especially to researchers and academics who can exploit the provided approaches and methodologies
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    The New Frontiers of Fashion Law (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039437078 , 9783039437085
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Keywords: Law
    Abstract: Fashion law encompasses a wide variety of issues that concern an article of clothing or a fashion accessory, starting from the moment they are designed and following them through distribution and marketing phases, all the way until they reach the end-user. Contract law, intellectual property, company law, tax law, international trade, and customs law are of fundamental importance in defining this new field of law that is gradually taking shape. This volume focuses on the new frontiers of fashion law, taking into account the various fields that have recently emerged as being of great interest for the entire fashion world: from sustainable fashion to wearable technologies, from new remedies to cultural appropriation to the regulation of model weight, from advertising law on the digital market to the impact of new technologies on product distribution. The purpose is to stimulate discussion on contemporary problems that have the potential to define new boundaries of fashion law, such as the impact of the heightened ethical sensitivity of consumers (who increasingly require effective solutions), that a comparative law perspective renders more interesting. The volume seeks to sketch out the new legal fields in which the fashion industry is getting involved, identifying the new boundaries of fashion law that existing literature has not dealt with in a comprehensive manner
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    The Drought Risk Analysis, Forecasting, and Assessment under Climate Change (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039368068 , 9783039368075
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This Special Issue is a platform to fill the gaps in drought risk analysis with field experience and expertise. It covers (1) robust index development for effective drought monitoring; (2) risk analysis framework development and early warning systems; (3) impact investigations on hydrological and agricultural sectors; (4) environmental change impact analyses. The articles in the Special Issue cover a wide geographic range, across China, Taiwan, Korea, and the Indo-China peninsula, which covers many contrasting climate conditions. Hence, the results have global implications: the data, analysis/modeling, methodologies, and conclusions lay a solid foundation for enhancing our scientific knowledge of drought mechanisms and relationships to various environmental conditions
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    Tactile Sensors for Robotic Applications (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036504247 , 9783036504254
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (248 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: The book covers different aspects: - Innovative technologies for tactile sensors development - Tactile data interpretation for control purposes - Alternative sensing technologies - Multi-sensor systems for grasping and manipulation - Sensing solutions for impaired people
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    Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Retinopathy (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036504483 , 9783036504490
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (322 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: The combination of an increasing prevalence of diabetes and the aging of populations enables the appearance of a greater number of associated complications such as diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of preventable vision loss in working-age adults. The objective of this Special Issue is to highlight the existing evidence regarding the relationship between oxidative stress and low-grade chronic inflammation induced by hyperglycemia with the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy, with an emphasis on the importance of early diagnosis and the use of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory approaches to prevent or delay the harmful effects of diabetes on retinal tissue
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    〈em〉Mycoplasma bovis〈/em〉 Infections : Occurrence, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Control, Including Prevention and Therapy (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036501949 , 9783036501956
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This book presents the most important issues related to infections with Mycoplasma bovis, an etiological agent of many disorders in cattle, such as bronchopneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, otitis, keratoconjunctivitis, meningitis, and endocarditis. It consists of one review and eight research articles that discuss lung local immunity in experimental M. bovis pneumonia, antimicrobial susceptibility of M. bovis isolates, aspects related to M. bovis antibody testing, new data on the efficacy of seminal extender in M. bovis, as well as the importance of imported bull examination for this pathogen
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    Intermetallic Compound (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036501383 , 9783036501390
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (138 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This Special Issue collects ten articles related to the broadly understood physical properties of intermetallic compounds. Differential thermal analysis was carried out, and the temperatures of thermal effects that arise during the reduction of neodymium from a technological salt mixture of KCl–NaCl–CaCl2–NdF3 with a magnesium–zinc alloy were established. For sol–gel products of stoichiometric MgTiO3, accurate thermal expansion coefficients were measured. The effect of various nanoparticles, such as GaF3, ZnF2, Zn(BF4)2 and Ga2O3 additions, on the activity of CsF-RbF-AlF3 flux and mechanical behavior of Al/Steel brazed joints is presented. The effect of Bi substitution on the structural and magnetic properties of Nd1-xBixMnO3 is investigated. Characteristics of hard magnetic materials based on Nd2Fe14B and Ce2Fe14B intermetallic compounds are presented. A special algorithm is presented to support vector regression for estimating the maximum magnetic entropy change of doped manganite-based compounds. We have received information about the mechanical properties of the reactively synthesized porous Ti3SiC2 compound with different apertures. Furthermore, we have presented the experimental results of Zn-doped Al-rich for fast on-board hydrogen production
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    Partial Differential Equations in Ecology : 80 Years and Counting (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502960 , 9783036502977
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (238 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: Partial differential equations (PDEs) have been used in theoretical ecology research for more than eighty years. Nowadays, along with a variety of different mathematical techniques, they remain as an efficient, widely used modelling framework; as a matter of fact, the range of PDE applications has even become broader. This volume presents a collection of case studies where applications range from bacterial systems to population dynamics of human riots
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    Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor (FET) (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039362080 , 9783039362097
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: In the last few years, the leading semiconductor industries have introduced multi-gate non-planar transistors into their core business. These are being applied in memories and in logical integrated circuits to achieve better integration on the chip, increased performance, and reduced energy consumption. Intense research is underway to develop these devices further and to address their limitations, in order to continue transistor scaling while further improving performance. This Special Issue looks at recent developments in the field of nanowire field-effect transistors (NW-FETs), covering different aspects of the technology, physics, and modelling of these nanoscale devices
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    Quantitative Methods for Economics and Finance (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036501963 , 9783036501970
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (418 p.)
    Keywords: Coins, banknotes, medals, seals (numismatics)
    Abstract: This book is a collection of papers for the Special Issue “Quantitative Methods for Economics and Finance” of the journal Mathematics. This Special Issue reflects on the latest developments in different fields of economics and finance where mathematics plays a significant role. The book gathers 19 papers on topics such as volatility clusters and volatility dynamic, forecasting, stocks, indexes, cryptocurrencies and commodities, trade agreements, the relationship between volume and price, trading strategies, efficiency, regression, utility models, fraud prediction, or intertemporal choice
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    Mesh-Free and Finite Element-Based Methods for Structural Mechanics Applications (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036501369 , 9783036501376
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: The problem of solving complex engineering problems has always been a major topic in all industrial fields, such as aerospace, civil and mechanical engineering. The use of numerical methods has increased exponentially in the last few years, due to modern computers in the field of structural mechanics. Moreover, a wide range of numerical methods have been presented in the literature for solving such problems. Structural mechanics problems are dealt with using partial differential systems of equations that might be solved by following the two main classes of methods: Domain-decomposition methods or the so-called finite element methods and mesh-free methods where no decomposition is carried out. Both methodologies discretize a partial differential system into a set of algebraic equations that can be easily solved by computer implementation. The aim of the present Special Issue is to present a collection of recent works on these themes and a comparison of the novel advancements of both worlds in structural mechanics applications
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    Metabolic Syndrome : From Etiology to Prevention and Clinical Management (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039439898 , 9783039439904
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (348 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction
    Abstract: Metabolic syndrome has been the topic of countless publications. It still remains a subject of debate and some experts have even questioned its clinical relevance. Its diagnosis is nevertheless predictive of an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease even in the absence of traditional risk factors. Many years ago, our team made the point that the most prevalent form of metabolic syndrome was linked to abdominal obesity, which can be found even among individuals who are not considered obese by body weight standards. Imaging techniques such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have revealed the link between regional body fat partitioning and cardiometabolic risk. Visceral obesity is the most dangerous form of obesity, with subcutaneous obesity being associated with lower health risk. We have proposed that excess visceral fat may be a marker of subcutaneous adipose tissue dysfunction not being able to serve as a metabolic sink, causing lipid accumulation at undesired sites, a condition described as ectopic fat deposition. Among the effective approaches to prevent, delay, or manage metabolic syndrome, lifestyle changes are the key elements, with an emphasis on the importance of healthy global dietary patterns, regular physical activity, and adequate sleep quality
    Note: English
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  • 96
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    Water Flow, Solute and Heat Transfer in Groundwater (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039368969 , 9783039368976
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (236 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Groundwater is an essential and vital water resource for drinking water production, agricultural irrigation, and industrial processes. Having a better understanding of physical and chemical processes in aquifers enables more reliable decisions and reduces investments concerning water management. This Special Issue on “Water Flow, Solute, and Heat Transfer, in Groundwater” of Water focuses on the recent advances in groundwater dynamics, and it includes high-quality papers that cover a wide range of issues on different aspects related to groundwater: protection from contamination, recharge, heat transfer, hydraulic parameters estimation, well hydraulics, microbial community, colloid transport, and mathematical models. This integrative volume aims to transfer knowledge to hydrologists, hydraulic engineers, and water resources planners, who are engaged in the sustainable development of groundwater resources
    Note: English
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  • 97
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    Selected Papers from the 9th Greek Conference of Biochemistry and Physiology of Exercise (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036504285 , 9783036504292
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction
    Abstract: This book contains selected papers from the 9th annual conference of the Hellenic Society of Biochemistry and Physiology of Exercise (2019). Exercise biochemistry and exercise physiology are two closely related sport sciences that examine how muscle activity alters the way our bodies (and those of other animals) function at the levels of molecules, cells, organs, and whole body. Included in the book is original research on biochemical and physiological adaptations of children, adolescents, and adults to exercise training; on the use of biochemical and physiological tests to assess sport performance; and on how exercise can fight disease
    Note: English
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  • 98
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    Molecular Basis of Inherited Diseases in Companion Animals (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036504728 , 9783036504735
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (232 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: This book includes a collection of publications describing the molecular etiology of inherited diseases and conditions in companion animals (dogs and cats). In addition to contributing to the health of companion animals, this research also benefits humans that have similar types of diseases
    Note: English
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  • 99
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    Emotion and Its Relationship to Acceptance, Food Choice, and Consumption: The New Perspective (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036503707 , 9783036503714
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Food is a source of nutrients but it also provides basic pleasure and aesthetic experiences. Acceptance, food choice, and consumption are affected by many factors, including both intrinsic and extrinsic factors and cues, as well as consumer characteristics. Food-elicited emotions are becoming a critical component in designing products that meet consumers’ needs and expectations. Several studies have reported on the presence of emotional responses to food and the relationships of these to product acceptability, preference, and choice. This Special Issue brings together a small range of studies with a diversity of approaches that provide good examples of the complex and multidisciplinary nature of this subject matter
    Note: English
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  • 100
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    Algorithms for Fault Detection and Diagnosis (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036504629 , 9783036504636
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Due to the increasing demand for security and reliability in manufacturing and mechatronic systems, early detection and diagnosis of faults are key points to reduce economic losses caused by unscheduled maintenance and downtimes, to increase safety, to prevent the endangerment of human beings involved in the process operations and to improve reliability and availability of autonomous systems. The development of algorithms for health monitoring and fault and anomaly detection, capable of the early detection, isolation, or even prediction of technical component malfunctioning, is becoming more and more crucial in this context. This Special Issue is devoted to new research efforts and results concerning recent advances and challenges in the application of “Algorithms for Fault Detection and Diagnosis”, articulated over a wide range of sectors. The aim is to provide a collection of some of the current state-of-the-art algorithms within this context, together with new advanced theoretical solutions
    Note: English
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