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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (1,654)
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  • English  (1,654)
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  • [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (1,654)
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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (1,654)
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  • Online Resource  (1,654)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fighting Fake Facts (2023)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | The Hague : OAPEN FOUNDATION
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036513478 , 9783036513485
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (102 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction ; misinformation ; disinformation ; malinformation ; fake facts ; fake news ; social media ; deepfake technology and recognition
    Abstract: The scientific method, known for its systematic and rigorously approach, has yielded countless discoveries and essential technologies that enhance our lives, fostering ease, productivity, and comfort. Yet, many of these discoveries and technologies have facilitated the dissemination of false and potentially harmful information-the realm of fake facts. The distortion of information, encompassing misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation, poses a threat to democratic societies and the core of scientific progress. Consequently, the scientific community must explore why fake news resonates, identify detection strategies, and develop effective countermeasures. The years 2020 and 2021, dominated by the Covid-19 pandemic, underscored the impact of fake news. Conspiracy theories, dangerous pseudo-therapies, and anti-vaccine movements thrived, highlighting the urgency of addressing false information. The collection of articles in this book cover key topics related to fake facts and fake news, aiming to enhance understanding of their impact and to counter them using scientific principles.
    Note: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Visual Sensors (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039283385 , 9783039283392
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (738 p.)
    Abstract: Visual sensors are able to capture a large quantity of information from the environment around them. A wide variety of visual systems can be found, from the classical monocular systems to omnidirectional, RGB-D, and more sophisticated 3D systems. Every configuration presents some specific characteristics that make them useful for solving different problems. Their range of applications is wide and varied, including robotics, industry, agriculture, quality control, visual inspection, surveillance, autonomous driving, and navigation aid systems. In this book, several problems that employ visual sensors are presented. Among them, we highlight visual SLAM, image retrieval, manipulation, calibration, object recognition, navigation, etc
    Note: English
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wood Properties and Processing (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039288229 , 9783039288212
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (350 p.)
    Abstract: Wood-based materials are CO2-neutral, renewable, and considered to be environmentally friendly. The huge variety of wood species and wood-based composites allows a wide scope of creative and esthetic alternatives to materials with higher environmental impacts during production, use and disposal. Quality of wood is influenced by the genetic and environmental factors. One of the emerging uses of wood are building and construction applications. Modern building and construction practices would not be possible without use of wood or wood-based composites. The use of composites enables using wood of lower quality for the production of materials with engineered properties for specific target applications. Even more, the utilization of such reinforcing particles as carbon nanotubes and nanocellulose enables development of a new generation of composites with even better properties. The positive aspect of decomposability of waste wood can turn into the opposite when wood or wood-based materials are exposed to weathering, moisture oscillations, different discolorations, and degrading organisms. Protective measures are therefore unavoidable for many outdoor applications. Resistance of wood against different aging factors is always a combined effect of toxic or inhibiting ingredients on the one hand, and of structural, anatomical, or chemical ways of excluding moisture on the other
    Note: English
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Uncertainty Quantification Techniques in Statistics (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039285464 , 9783039285471
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Abstract: Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is a mainstream research topic in applied mathematics and statistics. To identify UQ problems, diverse modern techniques for large and complex data analyses have been developed in applied mathematics, computer science, and statistics. This Special Issue of Mathematics (ISSN 2227-7390) includes diverse modern data analysis methods such as skew-reflected-Gompertz information quantifiers with application to sea surface temperature records, the performance of variable selection and classification via a rank-based classifier, two-stage classification with SIS using a new filter ranking method in high throughput data, an estimation of sensitive attribute applying geometric distribution under probability proportional to size sampling, combination of ensembles of regularized regression models with resampling-based lasso feature selection in high dimensional data, robust linear trend test for low-coverage next-generation sequence data controlling for covariates, and comparing groups of decision-making units in efficiency based on semiparametric regression
    Note: English
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ultrasonic Cavitation Treatment of Metallic Alloys (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039281961 , 9783039281978
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Abstract: This Special Issue scrutinizes the use of ultrasonic-cavitation melt treatment in technology of high-quality metallic alloys with improved mechanical properties, and assesses the driving mechanisms of cavitation-induced effects, such as grain refinement, degassing, wetting, and particle distribution. In this context, the research published in this Special Issue considers the interaction between the cavitation field and acoustic streaming with the melt flow and the suspended solid/liquid phases, the characterization and mapping of cavitation activity in a melt volume, and the possibility of achieving high efficiency in processing large melt volumes through technological approaches for the commercial implementation of ultrasonic processing technology
    Note: English
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transmucosal Absorption Enhancers in the Drug Delivery Field (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039218493 , 9783039218486
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (406 p.)
    Abstract: Development of strategies to assist the movement of poorly permeable molecules across biological barriers has long been the goal of drug delivery science. In the last three decades, there has been an exponential increase in advanced drug delivery systems that aim to address this issue. However, most proprietary delivery technologies that have progressed to clinical development are based on permeation enhancers (PEs) that have a history of safe use in man. This Special Issue entitled “Transmucosal Absorption Enhancers in the Drug Delivery Field” aims to present the current state-of-the-art in the application of PEs to improve drug absorption. Emphasis is placed on identification of novel permeation enhancers, mechanisms of barrier alteration, physicochemical properties of PEs that contribute to optimal enhancement action, new delivery models to assess PEs, studies assessing safety of PEs, approaches to assist translation of PEs into effective oral, nasal, ocular and vaginal dosage forms and combining PEs with other delivery strategies
    Note: English
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Solar Energy Applications in Houses, Smart Cities and Microgrids (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039280681 , 9783039280698
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Abstract: Five papers were selected for this Special Issue, with three relating to solar energy applications in houses, smart cities, and microgrids; one studying the relationship between the smart city model and the concept of energy sustainability; and one addressing the following two topics: the lack of effectiveness of detection algorithms based on the voltage/frequency displacement concept under voltage-controlled inverters and the applicability limits of others based on the impedance measurement (IM)
    Note: English
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Solid-Phase Microextraction (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039282630 , 9783039282623
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (266 p.)
    Abstract: This book covers the most recent research activities and achievements regarding to the solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique. It is a powerful sample preparation tool that addresses the new challenges of analytical laboratories. Among others, its fundamental applications involved the sampling of volatile compounds from various matrixes. The demonstrated topics ranged from aroma characterization of various fruits, essential oils to the utilization of SPME for in-tube extraction and isolation of selected compounds from complex samples followed by state-of-the-art analytical techniques
    Note: English
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Technological Eco-Innovations for the Quality Control and the Decontamination of Polluted Waters and Soils (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039284641 , 9783039284658
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (226 p.)
    Abstract: The Special Issue “Technological Eco-Innovations for the Quality Control and the Decontamination of Polluted Waters and Soils” deals with the most recent research activities carried out at lab and field scale on eco-sustainable tools for the remediation of contaminated environmental substrates. It is particularly devoted to highlight the relevance of biological organisms (plants, microbes, algae) to assess the chemical contamination in water and soil and to remediate such matrices from the pollution caused by the human activities. Therefore, bioremediation is a primary focus of most of the articles published within the present Special Issue. Bioremediation is a promising environmentally friendly technology to deal with the chemical pollution in different ecosystem compartments and its integration with the traditional approaches might represent a
    Note: English
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Synthesis, Study and Utilization of Natural Products (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039281534 , 9783039281527
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (234 p.)
    Abstract: Natural products and the preparations based on them play a stable and ever-increasing role in human and veterinary medicine, agriculture, in food and the cosmetic industry, and in an increasing number of other fields. Their importance is based on the fact that they are mostly bound to renewable sources, which in fact makes them valuable within a circular economy, inter alia. At the same time, natural products provide the origin of stereochemistry, optical activity, regioselectivity, chirality, and many other concepts and directions within science, development, and industry in a scope, which is indispensable. They serve as a constant powerful stimulus and model that inspires researchers to create new effective tools, similar to natural ones, for controlling bioregulation mechanisms and solving practical problems. This was the reason for organizing this Special Issue aimed at underlining the current developments in all the fields connected to natural products
    Note: English
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Synthesis and Modification of Nanostructured Thin Films (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039284542 , 9783039284559
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (276 p.)
    Abstract: The Special Issue “Synthesis and Modification of Nanostructured Thin Films” highlights the recent progress in thin film synthesis/modification and characterization. New methods are reviewed for the synthesis and/or modification of thin films based on laser, magnetron, chemical, and other techniques. The obtained thin nanostructures are characterized by complex and complementary techniques. We think that most of proposed methods can be directly applied in production, but some others still need further elaboration for long-term prospective applications in lasers, optics, materials, electronics, informatics, telecommunications, biology, medicine, and probably many other domains. The Guest Editor and the MDPI staff are therefore pleased to offer this Special Issue to interested readers, including graduate and PhD students as well as postdoctoral researchers, but also to the entire community interested in the field of nanomaterials. We share the conviction that this can serve as a useful tool for updating the literature, but also to aid in the conception of new production and/or research programs. There is plenty of room for further dedicated R&D advances based on new instruments and materials under development
    Note: English
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sustainable Use of Soils and Water: The Role of Environmental Land Use Conflicts (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039286447 , 9783039286454
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (332 p.)
    Abstract: This book on the sustainable use of soils and water addressed a variety of issues related to the utopian desire for environmental sustainability and the deviations from this scene observed in the real world. Competing interests for land are frequently a factor in land degradation, especially where the adopted land uses do not conform with the land capability (the natural use of soil). The concerns of researchers about these matters are presented in the articles comprising this Special Issue book. Various approaches were used to assess the (im)balance between economic profit and environmental conservation in various regions, in addition to potential routes to bring landscapes back to a sustainable status being disclosed
    Note: English
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sustainable Smart Cities and Smart Villages Research: Rethinking (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039282197 , 9783039282180
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (332 p.)
    Abstract: Over the last years, soph ...
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Electronically Active Textiles (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039281442 , 9783039281459
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.)
    Abstract: Electronically Active Textiles (e-textiles) are a type of textile material that has some form of electronic functionality. This can be achieved by attaching electronics onto the surface of the textile, incorporating electronic components as part of the fabrication of the textile itself, or by integrating electronics into the yarns or fibers that comprises the textile. The addition of electronic components can give textiles a wide range of new functions from lighting or heating to advanced sensing capabilities. As such, e-textiles have provided a platform for developing a range of new novel products in fields, such as healthcare, sports, protection, transport, and communications. The purpose of this volume is to report on the advances in the integration of electronics into textiles, and presents original research in the field of e-textiles as well as a comprehensive review of the evolution of e-Textiles. Topics include the fabrication and illumination of e-textiles and the use of e-textiles for temperature sensing
    Note: English
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sustainable Tourism Marketing (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039286829 , 9783039286836
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Abstract: In this book, we introduce the themes and approaches covered in the issue Sustainable Tourism Marketing. Its objective was to analyze the main contributions made as a result of research related to sustainable tourism–marketing management and current trends in the field. This book gathered articles about the marketing of destinations, and the marketing and communication management of companies and tourism organizations from a sustainable tourism perspective
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  • 16
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    Early Life Nutrition and Future Health (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039282500 , 9783039282517
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Abstract: Inequity starts before birth and is programmed in part by nutritional exposures. If these exposures occur around the time of conception, during pregnancy, and/or in infancy or childhood (all critical periods of development) they may alter a child’s health trajectory and impact risk for impaired cognition and learning, and cardiometabolic, immune, and neuropsychiatric diseases and disorders. This Special Issue on “Early Life Nutrition and Future Health” has the following aims: 1) understand the origins of offspring health inequities from an early nutritional perspective; 2) uncover new insights into the environmental, biological, and social mechanisms that underpin these health outcomes in offspring; and 3) present novel targets and approaches to optimise health trajectories and prevent chronic diseases and disorders in later life and across generations. The research projects included herein highlight novel mechanistic, epidemiologic, and intervention studies that target key windows where nutrition has the greatest influence on future health (preconception, prenatal, and postnatal periods) and that explore vulnerable populations and animal models of early life nutritional programming
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  • 17
    Online Resource
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    Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers for Food and Health Applications (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039281930 , 9783039281923
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.)
    Abstract: The electrospinning method has the unique ability to produce structured polymeric fibers on the micro or nano scale and to generate novel materials for food and healthcare purposes. The potential of electrospun nanofibers for human healthcare applications is promising, for example, in tissue/organ repair and regeneration, in medical diagnostics and instrumentation, and as vectors to deliver drugs and therapeutics, as biocompatible and biodegradable medical implant devices, as protective fabrics against environmental and infectious agents in hospitals and general surroundings. Furthermore, considerable effort has been directed toward developing scaffolds using biodegradable and biocompatible synthetic, natural polymers or renewable materials that enhance in vitro cell growth, while killing pathogenic bacteria cells. This Special Issue ""Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers for Food and Health Applications” will cover the latest research of electrospun nanofibres in this field including shape-memory electrospun fibre meshes with programmable cell orientation, water-absorbing nano?ber meshes for e?cient removal of excess water from kidney failure patients, and hydrogel nano?bers which can be used as a drug carrier for methylene blue
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  • 18
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    Social Safety and Security (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039281473 , 9783039281466
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Abstract: Social safety in social environments entails the sense of feeling safe with other people. Thus, social safety and security are very important to our life. Although research in this area has made significant progress in the past few years, there are still many social problems that require attention and further development in order to secure peace of mind. There is a very clear and accurate understanding and judgment of the overall situation of social security in the current and future period. This Special Issue focuses on a number of contemporary issues in social safety and security. The objective of this book is to rapidly disseminate the latest research and knowledge in this important area
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Signal Processing and Analysis of Electrical Circuit (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039282951 , 9783039282944
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (604 p.)
    Abstract: This Special Issue with 35 published articles shows the significance of the topic “Signal Processing and Analysis of Electrical Circuit”. This topic has been gaining increasing attention in recent times. The presented articles can be categorized into four different areas: signal processing and analysis methods of electrical circuits; electrical measurement technology; applications of signal processing of electrical equipment; fault diagnosis of electrical circuits. It is a fact that the development of electrical systems, signal processing methods, and circuits has been accelerating. Electronics applications related to electrical circuits and signal processing methods have gained noticeable attention in recent times. The methods of signal processing and electrical circuits are widely used by engineers and scientists all over the world. The constituent papers represent a significant contribution to electronics and present applications that can be used in industry. Further improvements to the presented approaches are required for realizing their full potential
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  • 20
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    State-of-the-art Laser Gas Sensing Technologies (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039283996 , 9783039283989
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (278 p.)
    Abstract: Trace gas sensing technologies are widely used in many applications, such as environmental monitoring, life science, medical diagnostics, and planetary exploration. On the one hand, laser sources have developed greatly due to the rapid development of laser media and laser techniques in recent years. Some novel lasers such as solid-state, diode, and quantum cascade lasers have experienced significant progress. At present, laser wavelengths can cover the range from ultraviolet to terahertz, which could promote the development of laser gas sensing technologies significantly. On the other hand, some new gas sensing methods have appeared, such as photothermal spectroscopy and photoacoustic spectroscopy. Laser spectroscopy-based gas sensing techniques have the advantages of high sensitivity, non-invasiveness, and allowing in situ, real-time observation. Due to the rapid and recent developments in laser source as well as the great merits of laser spectroscopy-based gas sensing techniques, this book aims to provide an updated overview of the state-of-the-art laser gas sensing technologies
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  • 21
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    Science, Characterization and Technology of Joining and Welding (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039289974 , 9783039289981
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (251 p.)
    Abstract: As the Guest Editor of this Special Issue entitled ""Science, Characterization, and Technology of Joining and Welding"" of Metals, I am pleased to have this book published by MDPI. Joining, including welding, soldering, brazing, and assembly, is an essential requirement in manufacturing processes and is classified as a secondary manufacturing process. This Special Issue of Metals includes technical and review papers on, but not limited to, different aspects of joining and welding, including welding technologies (i.e., fusion-based welding and solid-state welding), characterization, metallurgy and materials science, quality control, and design and numerical simulation. This Special Issue also includes the joining of different materials, including metal and non-metals (polymers and composites), including 17 peer-reviewed papers from several researchers all around the globe (China, Germany, Brazil, South Koria, Slovakia, USA, Taiwan, Canada, and India). As of this date (April 2020), the papers in this Special Issue have been cited 47 times by other researchers, which I think is an eminent number and shows the high quality of the published papers in this Issue. This Special Issue includes a large diversity of various subjects in the field of joining: laser welding, friction stir welding, diffusion bonding, multipass welding, rotary friction-welding, friction bit joining, adhesive bonding, weldbonding, simulation and experimentation, metal/FRP joints, welding simulation, plasma–TIG coupled arc welding, liquation cracking, soldering, resin bonding, microstructural characteristics, brazing, and friction stir butt and scarf welding. I would like to sincerely thank all the researchers who contributed to this Special Issue for their high-quality research. I also would like to acknowledge Mr. Toliver Guo, Senior Assistant Editor at MDPI, who continuously and tirelessly contributed toward this Special Issue by assisting me with inviting the authors and the follow ups. I think this Special Issue will enhance our knowledge and understanding in the field of joining and assembly. I would like to dedicate this book to my wife, Mehrnoosh, for her continued support and encouragement
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  • 22
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    Soft and Hard Tissue Regeneration (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039283057 , 9783039283040
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.)
    Abstract: This special issue entitled “Soft and hard tissue regeneration” will cover both periodontal and implant therapies. Regenerative periodontal treatment goal is to restore functional periodontal support offering a valuable treatment alternative even for teeth with large periodontal destruction, which may be successfully treated and maintained in health for long periods. In most cases where teeth are extracted for periodontal reasons, implant therapy will demand large bone augmentation procedures. Lack of sufficient bone volume may prevent placement of dental implants. In extreme cases, large bone reconstruction is indispensable before implant placement can be performed. Although, most bone grafts are only able to fill and maintain a space, where bone regeneration can occur (“osseoconductive”), the ideal bone graft will also promote osseous regeneration (“osseoinductive”). Several bone augmentation procedures have been described, each, presenting advantages and shortcomings. Success of bone augmentation procedures depends on the presence of bone forming cells, primary wound closure over the augmented area, space creation and maintenance where bone can grow and proper angiogenesis of the grafted area. Factors that influence the choice of the surgical technique are the estimated duration of surgical procedure, its complexity, cost, total estimated length of procedure until the final rehabilitations may be installed and the surgeons’ experience. This special issue will have a definite clinical orientation, and be entirely dedicated to soft and hard tissue regenerative treatment alternatives, both in periodontal and implant therapy, discussing their rationale, indications and clinical procedures. Internationally renowned leading researchers and clinicians will contribute with articles in their field of expertize
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  • 23
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    Soft Material-Enabled Electronics for Medicine, Healthcare, and Human-Machine Interfaces (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039282821 , 9783039282838
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (244 p.)
    Abstract: Soft material-enabled electronics offer distinct advantage, over conventional rigid and bulky devices, for numerous wearable and implantable applications. Soft materials allow for seamless integration with skin and tissues due to enhanced mechanical flexibility and stretchability. Wearable devices, such as sensors, offer continuous, real-time monitoring of biosignals and movements, which can be applied in rehabilitation and diagnostics, among other applications. Soft implantable electronics offer similar functionalities, but with improved compatibility with human tissues. Biodegradable soft implantable electronics are also being developed for transient monitoring, such as in the weeks following surgery. To further advance soft electronics, materials, integration strategies, and fabrication techniques are being developed. This paper reviews recent progress in these areas, toward the development of soft material-enabled electronics for medicine, healthcare, and human-machine interfaces
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  • 24
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    Self-Organizing Nanovectors for Drug Delivery (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039284290 , 9783039284283
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    Abstract: Nanomedicine represents one of the most investigated areas in the last two decades in the field of pharmaceutics. Several nanovectors have been developed and a growing number of products have been approved. It is well known that many biomaterials are able to self-organize under controlled conditions giving rise nanostructures. Polymers, lipids, inorganic materials, peptides and proteins, and surfactants are examples of such biomaterials and the self-assembling property can be exploited to design nanovectors that are useful for drug delivery. The self-organization of nanostructures is an attractive approach to preparing nanovectors, avoiding complex and high-energy-consuming preparation methods, and, in some cases, facilitating drug loading procedures. Moreover, preparations based on these biocompatible and pharmaceutical grade biomaterials allow an easy transfer from the lab to the industrial scale. This book reports ten different works, and a review, aiming to cover multiple strategies and pharmaceutical applications in the field of self-organizing nanovectors for drug delivery
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    Recent Advances in Mechanics of Non-Newtonian Fluids (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039283088 , 9783039283095
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (252 p.)
    Abstract: Non-Newtonian (non-linear) fluids are common in nature, for example, in mud and honey, but also in many chemical, biological, food, pharmaceutical, and personal care processing industries. This Special Issue of Fluids is dedicated to the recent advances in the mathematical and physical modeling of non-linear fluids with industrial applications, especially those concerned with CFD studies. These fluids include traditional non-Newtonian fluid models, electro- or magneto-rheological fluids, granular materials, slurries, drilling fluids, polymers, blood and other biofluids, mixtures of fluids and particles, etc
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    Power Electronics and Power Quality (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039283583 , 9783039283590
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (336 p.)
    Abstract: Power quality (PQ) is receiving more and more attention from consumers, distribution system operators, transmission system operators, and other entities related to electrical power systems. As PQ problems have direct implications for business productivity, causing high economic losses, the research and development monitoring technologies and power electronics solutions that ensure the PQ of the power systems are matters of utmost importance. This book is a collection of high quality papers published in the “Power Electronics and Power Quality” Special Issue of the journal Energies. It reflects on the latest investigations and the new trends in this field
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    Renal Cell Carcinoma (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039286386 , 9783039286393
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (500 p.)
    Abstract: Renal cancer is a health problem of major concern worldwide. Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune check-point blockade treatments, alone or in combination, are giving promising results, failures are quite frequent due to intratumor heterogeneity and to the acquisition of drug resistance. The spectrum of renal cell carcinoma subtypes is wide. Up to 70–80% of renal tumors are clear cell renal cell carcinomas, a clinically aggressive tumor subtype linked to VHL gene inactivation. Next in frequency, the papillary renal cell carcinoma category encompasses an intricate puzzle of classic and newly described entities with poorly defined limits, some of them pending definite clarification. Likewise, the chromophobe–oncocytoma duality, the so-called hybrid tumors and oncocytic neoplasms, remain to be well profiled. Finally, a growing list of very uncommon renal tumors linked to specific molecular signatures fulfill the current portrait of renal cell neoplasia. This Special Issue of Cancers regards RCC from very different perspectives, from the intimate basic mechanisms governing this disease to the clinical practice principles of their diagnoses and treatments. The interested reader will have the opportunity to contact with some of the most recent findings and will be updated with excellent reviews
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  • 28
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    Repetitive DNA Sequences (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039283675 , 9783039283668
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (206 p.)
    Abstract: Repetitive DNA is ubiquitous in eukaryotic genomes, and, in many species, comprises the bulk of the genome. Repeats include transposable elements that can self-mobilize and disperse around the genome, and tandemly-repeated satellite DNAs that increase in copy number due to replication slippage and unequal crossing over. Despite their abundance, repetitive DNA is often ignored in genomic studies due to technical challenges in their identification, assembly, and quantification. New technologies and methods are now providing the unprecedented power to analyze repetitive DNAs across diverse taxa. Repetitive DNA is of particular interest because it can represent distinct modes of genome evolution. Some repetitive DNA forms essential genome structures, such as telomeres and centromeres, which are required for proper chromosome maintenance and segregation, whereas others form piRNA clusters that regulate transposable elements; thus, these elements are expected to evolve under purifying selection. In contrast, other repeats evolve selfishly and produce genetic conflicts with their host species that drive adaptive evolution of host defense systems. However, the majority of repeats likely accumulate in eukaryotes in the absence of selection due to mechanisms of transposition and unequal crossing over. Even these neutral repeats may indirectly influence genome evolution as they reach high abundance. In this Special Issue, the contributing authors explore these questions from a range of perspectives
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  • 29
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    Safety, Quality and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039288304 , 9783039288298
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Abstract: Nowadays, one of the main objectives of the fruit and vegetable industry is to develop innovative novel products with high quality, safety, and optimal nutritional characteristics in order to respond, with efficiency, to increasing consumer expectations. Various unconventional technologies (e.g., pulsed electric field, pulsed light, ultrasound, high pressure, and microwave drying) have emerged and enable the processing of fruits and vegetables in a way that increases their stability while preserving their thermolabile nutrients, flavour, texture, and overall quality. Some of these technologies can also be used for waste and byproduct valorisation. The application of fast noninvasive methods for process control is of great importance for the fruit and vegetable industry. The following Special Issue “Safety, Quality, and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables” consists of 11 papers which represent a high-value contribution to the existing knowledge on safety aspects, quality evaluation, and emerging processing technologies for fruits and vegetables
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    Role of DNA Methyltransferases in the Epigenome (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039280216 , 9783039280209
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Abstract: DNA methylation, a modification found in most species, regulates chromatin functions in conjunction with other epigenome modifications, such as histone post-translational modifications and non-coding RNAs. In mammals, DNA methylation has an essential role in development by orchestrating the generation and maintenance of the phenotypic diversity of human cell types. Recent years have brought spectacular advances in our understanding of the mechanism, function and regulation of DNA methyltransferases through their interaction with other epigenome modifications, chromatin factors and post-translational modifications, which are described in this Special Issue of Genes. Manuscripts are specifically addressing describing the targeting and regulation of DNA methyltransferases by interacting factors and their roles in cellular differentiation and the development of diseases. Prof. Dr. Albert Jeltsch and Prof. Dr. Humaira Gowher, Guest Editors
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    The Role of Halo Substructure in Gamma-Ray Dark Matter Searches (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039360451 , 9783039360444
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Abstract: An important, open research topic today is to understand the relevance that dark matter halo substructure may have for dark matter searches. In the standard cosmological model, halo substructure or subhalos are predicted to be largely abundant inside larger halos, for example, galaxies such as ours, and are thought to form first and later merge to form larger structures. Dwarf satellite galaxies—the most massive exponents of halo substructure in our own galaxy—are already known to be excellent targets for dark matter searches, and indeed, they are constantly scrutinized by current gamma-ray experiments in the search for dark matter signals. Lighter subhalos not massive enough to have a visible counterpart of stars and gas may be good targets as well, given their typical abundances and distances. In addition, the clumpy distribution of subhalos residing in larger halos may boost the dark matter signals considerably. In an era in which gamma-ray experiments possess, for the first time, the exciting potential to put to test the preferred dark matter particle theories, a profound knowledge of dark matter astrophysical targets and scenarios is mandatory should we aim for accurate predictions of dark matter-induced fluxes for investing significant telescope observing time on selected targets and for deriving robust conclusions from our dark matter search efforts. In this regard, a precise characterization of the statistical and structural properties of subhalos becomes critical. In this Special Issue, we aim to summarize where we stand today on our knowledge of the different aspects of the dark matter halo substructure; to identify what are the remaining big questions, and how we could address these; and, by doing so, to find new avenues for research
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  • 32
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    Microwave Imaging and Electromagnetic Inverse Scattering Problems (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039219513 , 9783039219506
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Abstract: Microwave imaging techniques allow for the development of systems that are able to inspect, identify, and characterize in a noninvasive fashion under different scenarios, ranging from biomedical to subsurface diagnostics as well as from surveillance and security applications to nondestructive evaluation. Such great opportunities, though, are actually severely limited by difficulties arising from the solution of the underlying inverse scattering problem. As a result, ongoing research efforts in this area are devoted to developing inversion strategies and experimental apparatus so that they are as reliable and accurate as possible with respect to reconstruction capabilities and resolution performance, respectively. The intent of this Special Issue is to present the experiences of leading scientists in the electromagnetic inverse scattering community, as well as to serve as an assessment tool for people who are new to the area of microwave imaging and electromagnetic inverse scattering problems
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    Mineralogy of Noble Metals and “Invisible” Speciations of These Elements in Natural Systems (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039286348 , 9783039286355
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Abstract: This Special Issue covers a broad range of topics related to the mineralogy of noble metals (Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Rh, and Ru) and the occurrence, formation, and distribution of these elements in natural ore-forming systems. This collection of eleven research articles discusses various problems related to these topics. I hope this Special Issue will contribute to a better understanding of the genesis of gold, silver, and other noble metal deposits as well as the behavior of these elements in endogenic and supergene environments, and suggest ways forward to solving the problem of their full extraction from ores
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    Metal Phosphonates and Phosphinates (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039280032 , 9783039280025
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.)
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    Medicinal Plants and Natural Product Research (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039281190 , 9783039281183
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (231 p.)
    Abstract: The book entitled Medicinal Plants and Natural Product Research describes various aspects of ethnopharmacological uses of medicinal plants; extraction, isolation, and identification of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants; various aspects of biological activity such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, immunomodulatory activity, etc., as well as characterization of plant secondary metabolites as active substances from medicinal plants
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    Molecular Genetics, Genomics and Biotechnology of Crop Plants Breeding (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039288779 , 9783039288786
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (238 p.)
    Abstract: This Special Issue on molecular genetics, genomics, and biotechnology in crop plant breeding seeks to encourage the use of the tools currently available. It features nine research papers that address quality traits, grain yield, and mutations by exploring cytoplasmic male sterility, the delicate control of flowering in rice, the removal of anti-nutritional factors, the use and development of new technologies for non-model species marker technology, site-directed mutagenesis and GMO regulation, genomics selection and genome-wide association studies, how to cope with abiotic stress, and an exploration of fruit trees adapted to harsh environments for breeding purposes. A further four papers review the genetics of pre-harvest spouting, readiness for climate-smart crop development, genomic selection in the breeding of cereal crops, and the large numbers of mutants in straw lignin biosynthesis and deposition
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    Materials for Nuclear Waste Immobilization (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039218462 , 9783039218479
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Abstract: The book outlines recent advances in nuclear wasteform materials including glasses, ceramics and cements and spent nuclear fuel. It focuses on durability aspects and contains data on performance of nuclear wasteforms as well as expected behavior in a disposal environment
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    Model-Based Tools for Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Processes (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039284245 , 9783039284252
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Abstract: The Special Issue on “Model-Based Tools for Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Processes” will curate novel advances in the development and application of model-based tools to address ever-present challenges of the traditional pharmaceutical manufacturing practice as well as new trends. This book provides a collection of nine papers on original advances in the model-based process unit, system-level, quality-by-design under uncertainty, and decision-making applications of pharmaceutical manufacturing processes
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    Marine Glycoconjugates: Trends and Perspectives (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039285587 , 9783039285594
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (272 p.)
    Abstract: The books described marine glycoconjugates. Two articles concern microalgal metabolites such as steroid and sphingoid glycoconjugates, and a glycoprotein from a sea cucumber with interesting biological activities, respectively. One article discusses the fatty acid composition and thermotropic behavior of glycolipids and other membrane lipids of green macrophyte Ulva lactuca. Three articles cover lectin subjects. One review article analyzes perspectives of marine and freshwater lectins’ application in experimental oncology and the therapy of oncological diseases; another article describes the use of a sponge lectin in the construction of a recombinant virus. The third article concerns the function of the immunity of a lectin in producing this compound crinoid. Two articles concern steroid glycosides from star?sh, and two others concern triterpene glycosides from sea cucumbers. One article describes the e?ect of a glycosaminoglycan from the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus on hyperglycemia in the liver of insulin-resistant mice. One article concerns the isolation of 10 new triterpene glycosides from a fungus associated with a sea cucumber. The article by Dworaczek et al. characterizes the O-speci?c polysaccharide (O-antigen) of a bacterial pathogen of common carp by chemical and immunochemical methods. In total, the Special Issue comprises14 articles, including the editorial and two reviews
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    Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039282562 , 9783039282579
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (390 p.)
    Abstract: The cytoplasm of Gram-negative bacteria is bound by three layers: an inner membrane, a layer of peptidoglycan, and an outer membrane. The outer membrane is an asymmetric lipidic bilayer, with phospholipids on its inner surface and lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) on the outside, with the latter being the major component of the outer leaflet and covering nearly three-quarters of the total outer cell surface. All LPSs possess the same general chemical architecture independently of bacterial activity (pathogenic, symbiotic, commensal), ecological niche (human, animal, soil, plant, water), or growth conditions. Endotoxins are large amphiphilic molecules consisting of a hydrophilic polysaccharide component and a covalently bound hydrophobic and highly conserved lipid component, termed lipid A (the endotoxin subunit). The polysaccharide component can be divided into two subdomains: the internal and conserved core region as well as the more external and highly variable O-specific chain, also referred to as the O-antigen due to its immunogenic properties. LPSs are endotoxins, one of the most potent class of activators of the mammalian immune system; they can be released from cell surfaces of bacteria during multiplication, lysis, and death. LPS can act through its biological center (lipid A component) on various cell types, of which macrophages and monocytes are the most important
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  • 41
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    Kinetic Theory and Swarming Tools to Modeling Complex Systems—Symmetry problems in the Science of Living Systems (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039288793 , 9783039288809
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Abstract: This MPDI book comprises a number of selected contributions to a Special Issue devoted to the modeling and simulation of living systems based on developments in kinetic mathematical tools. The focus is on a fascinating research field which cannot be tackled by the approach of the so-called hard sciences—specifically mathematics—without the invention of new methods in view of a new mathematical theory. The contents proposed by eight contributions witness the growing interest of scientists this field. The first contribution is an editorial paper which presents the motivations for studying the mathematics and physics of living systems within the framework an interdisciplinary approach, where mathematics and physics interact with specific fields of the class of systems object of modeling and simulations. The different contributions refer to economy, collective learning, cell motion, vehicular traffic, crowd dynamics, and social swarms. The key problem towards modeling consists in capturing the complexity features of living systems. All articles refer to large systems of interaction living entities and follow, towards modeling, a common rationale which consists firstly in representing the system by a probability distribution over the microscopic state of the said entities, secondly, in deriving a general mathematical structure deemed to provide the conceptual basis for the derivation of models and, finally, in implementing the said structure by models of interactions at the microscopic scale. Therefore, the modeling approach transfers the dynamics at the low scale to collective behaviors. Interactions are modeled by theoretical tools of stochastic game theory. Overall, the interested reader will find, in the contents, a forward look comprising various research perspectives and issues, followed by hints on to tackle these
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    Kidney Inflammation, Injury and Regeneration (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039285389 , 9783039285396
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (496 p.)
    Abstract: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is still associated with high morbidity and mortality incidence rates, and also bears an elevated risk of subsequent chronic kidney disease. Although the kidney has a remarkable capacity for regeneration after injury and may recover completely depending on the type of renal lesions, the options for clinical intervention are restricted to fluid management and extracorporeal kidney support. The development of novel therapies to prevent AKI, to improve renal regeneration capacity after AKI, and to preserve renal function is urgently needed. The Special Issue covers research articles that investigated the molecular mechanisms of inflammation and injury during different renal pathologies, renal regeneration, diagnostics using new biomarkers, and the effects of different stimuli like medication or bacterial components on isolated renal cells or in vivo models. The Special Issue contains important reviews that consider the current knowledge of cell death and regeneration, inflammation, and the molecular mechanisms of kidney diseases. In addition, the potential of cell-based therapy approaches that use mesenchymal stromal/stem cells or their derivates is summarized. This edition is complemented by reviews that deal with the current data situation on other specific topics like diabetes and diabetic nephropathy or new therapeutic targets
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    Laser Welding (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039288625 , 9783039288618
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (260 p.)
    Abstract: Laser welding is a high-energy process used in a wide range of advanced materials to obtain micro- to macro-sized joints in both similar and dissimilar combinations. Moreover, this technique is widely used in several industries, such as automotive, aerospace, and medical industries, as well as in electrical devices. Although laser welding has been used for several decades, significant and exciting innovations often arise from both the process and/or advanced materials side
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    Human Milk and Lactation (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039289233 , 9783039289240
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (368 p.)
    Abstract: Human milk is uniquely tailored to meet infants’ specific nutritional requirements. However, it is more than just “milk”. This dynamic and bioactive fluid allows mother–infant signalling over lactation, guiding the infant in the developmental and physiological processes. It exerts protection and life-long biological effects, playing a crucial role in promoting healthy growth and optimal cognitive development. The latest scientific advances have provided insight into different components of human milk and their dynamic changes over time. However, the complexity of human milk composition and the synergistic mechanisms responsible for its beneficial health effects have not yet been unravelled. Filling this knowledge gap will shed light on the biology of the developing infant and will contribute to the optimization of infant feeding, particularly that of the most vulnerable infants. Greater understanding of human milk will also help in elucidating the best strategies for its storage and handling. The increasing knowledge on human milk’s bioactive compounds together with the rapidly-advancing technological achievements will greatly enhance their use as prophylactic or therapeutic agents. The current Special Issue aims to welcome original works and literature reviews further exploring the complexity of human milk composition, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects associated with breastfeeding, and the factors and determinants involved in lactation, including its promotion and support
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    Jasmonic Acid Pathway in Plants (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039284894 , 9783039284887
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (346 p.)
    Abstract: The plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivative, an amino acid conjugate of JA (jasmonoyl isoleucine, JA-Ile), are signaling compounds involved in the regulation of defense and development in plants. The number of articles studying on JA has dramatically increased since the 1990s. JA is recognized as a stress hormone that regulates the plant response to biotic stresses such as herbivore and pathogen attacks, as well as abiotic stresses such as wounding and ultraviolet radiation. Recent studies have remarkably progressed the understanding of the importance of JA in the life cycle of plants. JA is directly involved in many physiological processes, including stamen growth, senescence, and root growth. JA regulates production of various metabolites such as phytoalexins and terpenoids. Many regulatory proteins involved in JA signaling have been identified by screening for Arabidopsis mutants. However, much more remains to be learned about JA signaling in other plant species. This Special Issue, “Jasmonic Acid Pathway in Plants”, contains 5 review and 15 research articles published by field experts. These articles will help with understanding the crucial roles of JA in its response to the several environmental stresses and development in plants
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    Horse Feeding and Management (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039285532 , 9783039285525
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (195 p.)
    Abstract: Horses perform variety of roles in our society, serving people in several ways. Proper nutrition and feeding management are some of the main objectives to ensure the well-being and performance of horses. Thus, the link between equine health and good dietary treatment must be recognized to increase our understanding of the needs of the horse. It is important to ensure science-based knowledge is available to all stakeholders and people working in the horse industry. This book presents research papers published in the Special Issue of Animals entitled ‘Horse Nutrition and Management’
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    Historical Acoustics: Relationships between People and Sound over Time (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039285266 , 9783039285273
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (234 p.)
    Abstract: This book is a collection of contributions to the Special Issue “Historical Acoustics: Relationships between People and Sound over Time”. The research presented here aims to explore the origins of acoustics and examine the relationships that have evolved over the centuries between people and auditory phenomena. Sounds have indeed accompanied human civilizations since the beginning of time, helping them to make sense of the world and to shape their cultures. Several key topics emerged, such as the acoustics of historical worship buildings, the acoustics of sites of archaeological interest, the acoustics of historical opera houses, and the topic of soundscapes as cultural intangible heritage. The book, as a whole, reflects the vibrant research activity around the “acoustics of the past”, which will hopefully be serve as a foundation for inspiring the future path of this discipline
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    Influenza Virus and Vaccination (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039288182 , 9783039288175
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.)
    Abstract: The influenza virus poses a threat to human health and is responsible for global epidemics every year. In addition to seasonal infections, influenza can cause occasional pandemics of great consequence when novel viruses are introduced into humans. Despite the implementation of comprehensive vaccination programs, influenza viruses continue to pose an important and unpredictable global public health threat. They are one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality each year and have a significant economic impact. In recent years, research has been conducted to find alternative approaches to influenza vaccine development, including the generation of universal vaccines. Notably, significant progress in the field of influenza infection, transmission, and immunity have contributed to our understanding of influenza biology, and to expanding the technological approaches for the generation of more efficient strategies against influenza infections. Moreover, highly remarkable developments have been made in the implementation of new methodologies to evaluate the efficiency of vaccines and improve them for use on domestic animals such as poultry, horses, dogs or pigs. This enables us to decrease the exposure of humans to potentially pandemic viruses. The articles in this Special Issue will address the importance of influenza to human health and the advances in influenza research that have led to the development of better therapeutics and vaccination strategies
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    Implementing Pediatric Integrative Medicine in Practice (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783038977629 , 9783038977636
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Abstract: This Special Issue provides an overview of pediatric integrative medicine, an emerging field that blends conventional and evidence based complementary therapies with an emphasis on preventive health and wellbeing
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    Iron as Therapeutic Targets in Human Diseases Volume 2 (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039281152 , 9783039281145
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (440 p.)
    Abstract: Iron is an essential element for almost all organisms, a cofactor playing a crucial role in a number of vital functions, including oxygen transport, DNA synthesis, and respiration. However, its ability to exchange electrons renders excess iron potentially toxic, since it is capable of catalyzing the formation of highly poisonous free radicals. As a consequence, iron homeostasis is tightly controlled by sophisticated mechanisms that have been partially elucidated. Because of its biological importance, numerous disorders have been recently linked to the deregulation of iron homeostasis, which include not only the typical disorders of iron overload and deficiency but also cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. This leads iron metabolism to become an interesting therapeutic target for novel pharmacological treatments against these diseases. Several therapies are currently under development for hematological disorders, while other are being considered for different pathologies. The therapeutic targeting under study includes the hepcidin/ferroportin axis for the regulation of systemic iron homeostasis, complex cytosolic machineries for the regulation of the intracellular iron status and its association with oxidative damage, and reagents exploiting proteins of iron metabolism such as ferritin and transferrin receptor. A promising potential target is a recently described form of programmed cell death named ferroptosis, in which the role of iron is essential but not completely clarified. This Special Issue has the aim to summarize the state-of-the-art, and the latest findings published in the iron field, as well as to elucidate future directions
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    Noether's Theorem and Symmetry (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039282340 , 9783039282357
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    Abstract: In Noether's original presentation of her celebrated theorem of 1918, allowances were made for the dependence of the coefficient functions of the differential operator which generated the infinitesimal transformation of the Action Integral upon the derivatives of the dependent variable(s), the so-called generalized, or dynamical, symmetries. A similar allowance is to be found in the variables of the boundary function, often termed a gauge function by those who have not read the original paper. This generality was lost after texts such as those of Courant and Hilbert or Lovelock and Rund confined attention to only point transformations. In recent decades, this diminution of the power of Noether's Theorem has been partly countered, in particular, in the review of Sarlet and Cantrijn. In this Special Issue, we emphasize the generality of Noether's Theorem in its original form and explore the applicability of even more general coefficient functions by allowing for nonlocal terms. We also look at the application of these more general symmetries to problems in which parameters or parametric functions have a more general dependence upon the independent variables
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    Multi-Sensor Information Fusion (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039283033 , 9783039283026
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (602 p.)
    Abstract: This book includes papers from the section “Multisensor Information Fusion”, from Sensors between 2018 to 2019. It focuses on the latest research results of current multi-sensor fusion technologies and represents the latest research trends, including traditional information fusion technologies, estimation and filtering, and the latest research, artificial intelligence involving deep learning
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    Nutrients Intake and Hypertension (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039286621 , 9783039286638
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (242 p.)
    Abstract: Hypertension is a major health problem worldwide, increasing cardiovascular (CV) risk and mortality. Together with pharmacological treatments, non-pharmacological approaches, such as nutrient intake modifications, play an important role in optimizing treatment. A link has been demonstrated between hypertension and body weight as well as dietary habits. The aim of this Special Issue is to improve the understanding of the relationships between some nutrients and hypertension, and of the effects of different dietary approaches on hypertension regulation from different points of view
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    New Concepts in Oxidation Processes (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039281619 , 9783039281602
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Abstract: This Special Issue of Catalysts aims to cover the recent progress and novel trends in the field of catalytic oxidation reaction. Topics addressed in this special issue concern the influence of different parameters on catalytic activity at various scales (atomic, laboratory, pilot, or industrial scales), the development of new catalytic materials of environmental or industrial importance, as well as the development of new methods, both microscopic and spectroscopic, to analyze oxidation processes
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    Numerical Analysis or Numerical Method in Symmetry (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039283736 , 9783039283729
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (194 p.)
    Abstract: This Special Issue focuses mainly on techniques and the relative formalism typical of numerical methods and therefore of numerical analysis, more generally. These fields of study of mathematics represent an important field of investigation both in the field of applied mathematics and even more exquisitely in the pure research of the theory of approximation and the study of polynomial relations as well as in the analysis of the solutions of the differential equations both ordinary and partial derivatives. Therefore, a substantial part of research on the topic of numerical analysis cannot exclude the fundamental role played by approximation theory and some of the tools used to develop this research. In this Special Issue, we want to draw attention to the mathematical methods used in numerical analysis, such as special functions, orthogonal polynomials, and their theoretical tools, such as Lie algebra, to study the concepts and properties of some special and advanced methods, which are useful in the description of solutions of linear and nonlinear differential equations. A further field of investigation is dedicated to the theory and related properties of fractional calculus with its adequate application to numerical methods
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    Novel Aspects of Lipoprotein Metabolism with Focus on Systemic Inflammation (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039282142 , 9783039282159
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (248 p.)
    Abstract: With cardiometabolic diseases still topping the list of mortality causes and in facing the obesity and diabetes epidemic, there remains a great need to better understand the pathophysiological derangements underlying these conditions. During the past years, it has become increasingly appreciated that low grade systemic inflammation is a common hallmark of cardiometabolic disorders—not only concerning diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease but also involving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Recently developed high-throughput laboratory techniques for lipidomics and metabolomics have enabled researchers to discern novel crosstalk pathways between lipid phenotypes and enhanced chronic inflammation. With this Special Issue of the Journal of Clinical Medicine, entitled “Novel Aspects of Lipoprotein Metabolism with a Focus on Systemic Inflammation”, researchers were invited to submit original papers and reviews on various topics, in particular, at the interface of lipid metabolism and inflammation
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    Energy and Technical Building Systems - Scientific and Technological Advances (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039281794 , 9783039281787
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Abstract: Future buildings require not only energy efficiency but also proper building automation and control system functionalities in order to respond to the needs of occupants and energy grids. These development paths require a focus on occupant needs such as good indoor climate, easy operability, and monitoring. Another area to be tackled is energy flexibility, which is needed to make buildings responsive to the price signals of electricity grids with increasing amounts of fluctuating renewable energy generation installed both in central grids and at building sites. This Special Issue is dedicated to HVAC systems, load shifting, indoor climate, and energy and ventilation performance analyses in buildings. All these topics are important for improving the energy performance of new and renovated buildings within the roadmap of low energy and nearly zero energy buildings. To improve energy performance and, at the same time, occupant comfort and wellbeing, new technical solutions are required. Occupancy patterns and recognition, intelligent building management, demand response and performance of heating, cooling and ventilation systems are some common keywords in the articles of this Special Issue contributing to future highly performing buildings with reliable operation
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    Enteric Viruses in Aquatic Environments (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039285686 , 9783039285693
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 p.)
    Abstract: This Special Issue contains one review and five original articles, all of which address cutting-edge research in the field of water and environmental virology. The review article by Gerba and Betancourt summarizes the current status and future needs for the development of virus detection methods in water reuse systems, especially focusing on methods to assess the infectivity of enteric viruses. Original papers cover a variety of research topics, such as an environmental monitoring survey of group A rotaviruses in sewage and oysters in Japan, the occurrence and genetic diversity of noroviruses and rotaviruses in a wastewater reclamation system in China, the detection of viruses and their indicators in tanker water and its sources in Nepal, integrated culture next-generation sequencing to identify the diversity of F-specific RNA coliphages in wastewater, and the development of a portable collection and detection method for viruses from ambient air and its application to a wastewater treatment plant
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    Enhancing Security, Sustainability and Resilience in Energy, Food and Water (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039282302 , 9783039282319
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Abstract: This book looks at the ways that energy, food, and water help to create connections between sustainability and security. The concept of security is in our current societies increasingly connected with sustainability, which seeks to ensure that we as humans are able to live and prosper on this planet now and in the future. The concepts of energy security, food security, and water security—used separately or together—manifest the burgeoning linkages between security and sustainability. This book brings together ten scientific articles that look at different aspects of security, sustainability, and resilience with an emphasis on energy, food, and/or water in the context of Finland and Europe. Together, the articles portray a rich picture on the diverse linkages between both energy, food, and water, and between security and sustainability. In sum, the articles and related preface conclude that ensuring sustainable security—or secure sustainability—requires systemic, structured processes that link the policies and actors in these two important but still distant fields
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    Governing Integrated Water Resources Management: Mutual Learning and Policy Transfer (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039281572 , 9783039281565
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (284 p.)
    Abstract: Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) has become a global paradigm for the governance of surface, coastal and groundwaters. This Special Issue contains twelve articles related to the transfer of IWRM policy principles. The articles explore three dimensions of transfer—causes, processes, outcomes—and offer a theoretically inspiring, methodologically rich and geographically diverse engagement with IWRM policy transfer around the globe. As such, they can also productively inform a future research agenda on the ‘dimensional’ aspects of IWRM governance. Regarding the causes, the contributions apply, criticise, extend or revise existing approaches to policy transfer in a water governance context, asking why countries adopt IWRM principles and what mechanisms are in place to understand the adoption of these principles in regional or national contexts. When it comes to processes, articles in this Special Issue unpack the process of policy transfer and implementation and explore how IWRM principles travel across borders, levels and scales. Finally, this set of papers looks into the outcomes of IWRM policy transfer and asks what impact IWRM principles, once implemented, gave on domestic water governance, water quality and water supply, and how effective IWRM is at addressing critical water issues in specific countries
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    Graphene Nanoplatelets (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039287956 , 9783039287949
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Abstract: Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) have attracted considerable interest due to their exceptional mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, among others. This book provides a deep review of some aspects related to the characterization of GNPs and their applications as nanoreinforcements for different types of matrices such as polymeric- or cement-based matrices. In this book, the reader will find how these nanoparticles could be used for several industrial applications such as energy production and storage or effective barrier coatings, providing a wide overview of future progress in this topic
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    Extraction Strategies to Recover Bioactive Compounds, Incorporation into Food and Health Benefits (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039289691 , 9783039289707
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (94 p.)
    Abstract: We are pleased to present this book, which is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue entitled “Extraction Strategies to Recover Bioactive Compounds, Incorporation into Food, and Health Benefits” published online in the open access journal Foods (ISSN 2304-8158) from 2019 to 2020 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/foods/special_issues/extraction). Firstly, this book gathers studies addressing several strategies applied to obtain bioactive products and extracts, not only from food matrices but also from agri-food byproducts, which can serve as new natural additives, nutraceuticals, and functional ingredients for pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries. In particular, free and bound phenolic compounds are explored in buckwheat, sesame, and olive leafy byproducts. Overall, these studies outline new valorization methods and offer new opportunities for alternative practices in the agro-industrial sector that help to migrate toward a circular bioeconomy model. This book also presents studies that predict bioactive components in fruits through mathematical tools and support the formulation of a novel beverage rich in resveratrol, a phenolic compound whose bioactivity is well recognized
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    Exploring the Future of Christian Monasticisms (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039280254 , 9783039280247
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (138 p.)
    Abstract: The institution of monasticism in the Christian Church is in general decline, at least in so-called “first world” nations. Though there are many reasons for this, monastic leaders are confronted by the reality of fewer communities, monks, and nuns nonetheless. At the same time, many younger Christians are rediscovering the rich heritage of the monastic tradition. Though they themselves might not be called to join a traditional monastery, they are eager to appropriate monastic practices in their own lives. This had led to a movement known as the “new monasticism” or “secular monasticism.” Despite lacking a unified vision and any central organization, these new/secular monastics are attempting, in their own ways, to carry on the tradition and practices of Christian monasticism. As well, there is a movement within historical Christian monasteries to pour new wine into old wineskins. Traditional forms of monasticism are also generally flourishing in developing nations, breathing new life into monasticism. This volume looks at the current monastic landscape to assess where monasticism stands and to imagine ways in which it will grow in the future, leading not only to a renewed Christian monasticism but to new monasticisms
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    Food Authentication: Techniques, Trends and Emerging Approaches (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039287499 , 9783039287482
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Abstract: Multiple factors can directly influence the chemical composition of foods and, consequently, their organoleptic, nutritional, and bioactive properties, including their geographical origin, the variety or breed, as well as the conditions of cultivation, breeding, and/or feeding, among others. Therefore, there is a great interest in the development of accurate, robust, and high-throughput analytical methods to guarantee the authenticity and traceability of foods. For these purposes, a large number of sensorial, physical, and chemical approaches can be used, which must be normally combined with advanced statistical tools. In this vein, the aim of the Special Issue “Food Authentication: Techniques, Trends, and Emerging Approaches” is to gather original research papers and review articles focused on the development and application of analytical techniques and emerging approaches in food authentication. This Special Issue comprises 12 valuable scientific contributions, including one review article and 11 original research works, dealing with the authentication of foods with great commercial value, such as olive oil, Iberian ham, and fruits, among others
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    Formal and Methodological Approaches to Applied Linguistics (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039283231 , 9783039283224
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Abstract: The goal of this Special Issue is to bring together state-of-the art articles on applied linguistics which reflect investigation carried out by researchers from different parts of the world. By bringing together papers from different perspectives, we hope to be able to gain a better understanding of the field. Hence, this Special Issue intends to address the study of language in its different dimensions and within the framework of multiple methodologies and formal accounts as used by researchers in the field. This Special Issue is dedicated to research in any area related to applied linguistics, including language acquisition and language learning; language teaching and curriculum design; language for specific purposes; psychology of language, child language and psycholinguistics; sociolinguistics; pragmatics; discourse analysis; corpus linguistics, computational linguistics and language engineering; lexicology and lexicography; and translation and interpretation
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    Feminist new materialisms: Activating Ethico-Politics Through Genealogies in Social Sciences (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039218097 , 9783039218080
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Abstract: For the editors of this collection, new materialisms have always been the entanglement of epistemology, ontology, ethics, and politics. Looking back to the notion of “situated knowledges” (Haraway, 1988) that – among others – “planted the seed for feminist new materialism” (van der Tuin, 2015, 26) – one sees how those (at least) four planes are entangled (Rogowska-Stangret, 2018) in order to bring forth “response-able” (Haraway, 2008) research. New materialism is thus an ethico-onto-epistemological framework (Barad, 2007; Revelles-Benavente, 2018) that by activating its ethico-politics helps to diagnose, infer, and transform gendered, environmental, anthropocentric, social injustices from a multidimensional angle. Social injustices are a driving motivation to pursue research and are the reason why the editors and authors of this Special Issue cannot understand new materialism without feminism (in the lines of eds. Hinton & Teusch, 2015). Contemporary feminist researchers are providing new materialisms with a transversal approach, (Yuval-Davis 1997) that comes from many different disciplines without canonizing back again knowledge creation and production and in hope that they will not enter back into classifixations (van der Tuin, 2015). It is “situated” (Haraway, 1988) research “response-able” (Haraway, 2008) to material-discursive practices that iterate in a dynamic conceptualization of matter
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    Functional Polymers for Controlled Drug Release (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039284900 , 9783039284917
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Abstract: This Special Issue focuses on the synthesis and characterization of hydrogels specifically used as carriers of biological molecules for pharmaceutical and biomedical employments. Pharmaceutical applications of hydrophilic materials has emerged as one of the most significant trends in the area of nanotechnology. To propose some of the latest findings in this field, each contribution involves an in-depth analysis including different starting materials and their physico-chemical and biological properties with the aim of synthetizing high-performing devices for specific use. In this context, intelligent polymeric devices able to be morphologically modified in response to an internal or external stimulus, such as pH or temperature, have been actively pursued. In general, hydrophilic polymeric materials lead to high in vitro and/or in vivo therapeutic efficacy, with programmed site-specific feature showing remarkable potential for targeted therapy. This Special Issue serves to highlight and capture the contemporary progress in this field. Relevant resources and people to approach - American Association Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS): web: www.aaps.org; email: (marketing division): Marketingaaps.org; (mmeting division): Meetings@aaps.org - International Association for Pharmaceutical Technology (APV): web: apv-mainz.de; email (managing director)
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    District Heating and Cooling Networks (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039288403 , 9783039288397
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (270 p.)
    Abstract: Conventional thermal power generating plants reject a large amount of energy every year. If this rejected heat were to be used through district heating networks, given prior energy valorisation, there would be a noticeable decrease in the amount of fossil fuels imported for heating. As a consequence, benefits would be experienced in the form of an increase in energy efficiency, an improvement in energy security, and a minimisation of emitted greenhouse gases. Given that heat demand is not expected to decrease significantly in the medium term, district heating networks show the greatest potential for the development of cogeneration. Due to their cost competitiveness, flexibility in terms of the ability to use renewable energy resources (such as geothermal or solar thermal) and fossil fuels (more specifically the residual heat from combustion), and the fact that, in some cases, losses to a country/region’s energy balance can be easily integrated into district heating networks (which would not be the case in a “fully electric” future), district heating (and cooling) networks and cogeneration could become a key element for a future with greater energy security, while being more sustainable, if appropriate measures were implemented. This book therefore seeks to propose an energy strategy for a number of cities/regions/countries by proposing appropriate measures supported by detailed case studies
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    Cutting-Edge Technologies for Renewable Energy Production and Storage (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039360000 , 9783039360017
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Abstract: Anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are dramatically influencing the environment, and research is strongly committed to proposing alternatives, mainly based on renewable energy sources. Low GHG electricity production from renewables is well established but issues of grid balancing are limiting their application. Energy storage is a key topic for the further deployment of renewable energy production. Besides batteries and other types of electrical storage, electrofuels and bioderived fuels may offer suitable alternatives in some specific scenarios. This Special Issue includes contributions on the energy conversion technologies and use, energy storage, technologies integration, e-fuels, and pilot and large-scale applications
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    Diet and Immune Function (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039216130 , 9783039216123
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (314 p.)
    Abstract: Supporting initiation, development and resolution of appropriate immune responses is key to survival. Many nutrients and dietary components have been purported to have a role in supporting optimal immune function. This is vital throughout the life course, from the development and programming of the immune system in early life, to supporting immunity and reducing chronic inflammation in older people. In this special issue of Nutrients, we examine the evidence for the role of diet and dietary components in promoting protective immunity
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    Data Acquisition and Processing in Cultural Heritage (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039217410 , 9783039217403
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (276 p.)
    Abstract: Advances in the knowledge of the tangible components (position, size, shape) and intangible components (identity, habits) of an historic building or site involves fundamental and complex tasks in any project related to the conservation of cultural heritage (CH). In recent years, new geotechnologies have proven their usefulness and added value to the field of cultural heritage (CH) in the tasks of recording, modeling, conserving, and visualizing. In addition, current developments in building information modeling (HBIM), allow integration and simulation of different sources of information, generating a digital twin of any complex CH construction. As a result, experts in the area have increased the number of available sensors and methodologies. However, the quick evolution of geospatial technologies makes it necessary to revise their use, integration, and application in CH. This process is difficult to adopt, due to the new options which are opened for the study, analysis, management, and valorization of CH. Therefore, the aim of the present Special Issue is to cover the latest relevant topics, trends, and best practices in geospatial technologies and processing methodologies for CH sites and scenarios as well as to introduce the new tendencies. This book originates from the Special Issue “Data Acquisition and Processing in Cultural Heritage”, focusing primarily on data and sensor integration for CH; documentation/restoration in CH; heritage 3D documentation and modeling of complex CH sites; drone inspections in CH; software development in CH; and augmented reality in CH. It is hoped that this book will provide the advice and guidance required for any CH professional, making the best possible use of these sensors and methods in CH
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    Designing Hydrogels for Controlled Drug Delivery (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039283576 , 9783039283569
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Abstract: The aim of this book is to provide an analysis of the main characteristics and applications of hydrogels. Hydrogels are frequently used for manufacturing contact lenses, hygiene products, tissue engineering scaffolds, drug delivery systems, and wound dressings. These materials are useful in everyday life, so publicizing them in both academic and pharmaceutical fields is essential
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  • 73
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    Current Trends in New Testament Study (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039280261 , 9783039280278
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (158 p.)
    Abstract: This book focuses on seven of the most important formal methods used to interpret the New Testament today. Several of the chapters also touch on Old Testament/Hebrew Bible interpretation. In line with the multiplicity of methods for interpretation of texts in the humanities in general, New Testament study has never before seen so many different methods. This situation poses both opportunities and challenges for scholars and students alike. The articles in this book introduce the latest methods and give examples of these methods at work. The seven methods are as follows: post-colonial, narrative, historical, performance, mathematical analysis of style; womanist; and ecological
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    Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Concomitant Medical Disorders (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039288113 , 9783039288120
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Abstract: It is with great pleasure that we present to you this Special Issue of Medical Sciences. In this issue, we present a comprehensive and contemporary review of the medical comorbidities that contribute to chronic rhinosinusitis, and, conversely, how our interventions as otolaryngologists can impact those systemic conditions. Our understanding of chronic rhinosinusitis has evolved tremendously over the last two decades. As we have learned, chronic rhinosinusitis—a chronic inflammatory condition of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses—is often a local inflammatory response to a systemic or mucosal disorder. The underlying systemic medical conditions not only influence the presentation and diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis, but also modify the patients’ response to medical and surgical interventions. Chronic rhinosinusitis associated with cystic fibrosis, for example, is a disorder quite distinct from that associated with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. A clear understanding of the nuances that distinguish these unique and challenging disorders is critical for the practicing otolaryngologist. Equally important, however, is a clear understanding of the powerful benefits that our interventions as otolaryngologists can have for our patients’ rhinologic and systemic health. Knowing that our rhinologic interventions might spare an asthma patient a trip to an emergency room or reduce lung infections in a cystic fibrosis patient makes this a very exciting time to be a rhinologist. We hope you enjoy this Special Issue of Medical Sciences
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    Cell-Free Synthetic Biology (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039280230 , 9783039280223
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Abstract: Cell-free synthetic biology is in the spotlight as a powerful and rapid approach to characterize and engineer natural biological systems. The open nature of cell-free platforms brings an unprecedented level of control and freedom for design compared to in vivo systems. This versatile engineering toolkit is used for debugging biological networks, constructing artificial cells, screening protein library, prototyping genetic circuits, developing new drugs, producing metabolites, and synthesizing complex proteins including therapeutic proteins, toxic proteins, and novel proteins containing non-standard (unnatural) amino acids. The book consists of a series of reviews, protocols, benchmarks, and research articles describing the current development and applications of cell-free synthetic biology in diverse areas
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    Chemical/Instrumental Approaches to the Evaluation of Wine Chemistry (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039287345 , 9783039287352
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Abstract: Wine is a widely consumed beverage due to its unique and pleasant sensory properties. Wine is composed of more than one thousand chemical compounds (e.g., alcohols, esters, acids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins, minerals, and vitamins, among others) resulting from several chemical and biochemical processes. Microextraction techniques in tandem with high-resolution analytical instruments have been applied by wine researchers to expand the knowledge of wine’s chemical composition with the purposes of improving wine quality, supporting winemaker decisions related to the winemaking process, and guaranteeing the authenticity of wine. As a result, we proposed “Chemical/Instrumental Approaches to the Evaluation of Wine Chemistry” as a topic for a Special Issue in Molecules. This Special Issue aims to provide an update on state-of-the-art extraction procedures (e.g., solid-phase microextraction (SPME)) and analytical tools (e.g., nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS)), emphasizing their use as suitable platforms for the establishment of the chemical composition of wine (volatomic profile, antioxidants, phenolic pattern, and elemental composition, among others). Information related to wine sensorial properties, contaminants, authenticity, and chemometric tools used for data treatment are described in this Issue
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    Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039289653 , 9783039289660
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (244 p.)
    Abstract: Bone tissue engineering aims to develop artificial bone substitutes that partially or totally restore the natural regeneration capability of bone tissue lost under circumstances of injury, significant defects, or diseases such as osteoporosis. In this context, biomaterials are the keystone of the methodology. Biomaterials for bone tissue engineering have evolved from biocompatible materials that mimic the physical and chemical environment of bone tissue to a new generation of materials that actively interacts with the physiological environment, accelerating bone tissue growth. Mathematical modelling and simulation are important tools in the overall methodology. This book presents an overview of the current investigations and recent contributions in the field of bone tissue engineering. It includes several successful examples of multidisciplinary collaboration in this transversal area of research. The book is intended for students, researchers, and professionals of a number of disciplines, such as engineering, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biomedicine, biology, and veterinary. The book is composed of an editorial section and 16 original research papers authored by leading researchers of this discipline from different laboratories across the world
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    Bainite and Martensite: Developments and Challenges (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039288588 , 9783039288571
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Abstract: The microstructures of both martensite and bainite, although sharing some common features, depict a plethora of subtle differences that made them unique when studied in further detail. Tailoring the final properties of a microstructure based on one or the other as well as in combination with others and exploring more sophisticated concepts, such as Q&P and nanostructured bainite, are the topics which are the focus of research around the world. In understanding the key microstructural parameters controlling the final properties as well as definition of adequate process parameters to attain the desired microstructures requires that a proper understanding of the mechanism ruling their transformation and a detailed characterization first be acheived. The development of new and powerful scientific techniques and equipment (EBSD, APT, HRTEM, etc.) allow us to gain fundamental insights that help to establish some of the principles by which those microstructures are known. The developments accompanying such findings lead to further developments and intensive research providing the required metallurgical support
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    Catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck Reaction or C–H activation (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039281398 , 9783039281381
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Abstract: In the last few decades, research on the elaboration by palladium-catalytic processes of C-C bonds or the activation of C–H bonds has increased considerably. Yet there is still room for much improvement in terms of selectivity, or enantioselectivity, via the development of new ligands or the study of the catalytic effect of other metals to carry out the same chemical transformations. In addition, the attention paid to environmentally friendly methods in terms of the quantities of catalysts, ligands, and solvents is currently indispensable. The Mizoroki-Heck reaction is one of these important catalytic methods which generates C-C bonds in organic synthesis and is also possible by C-H activation. This book, titled “Catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck Reaction or C-H activation” focuses on new advances in the formation of C-C bonds or new C-H activation methods. It contains original research papers and short reviews on the synthesis of biologically active compounds using these catalytic processes, the identification of new catalysts, of new conditions allowing selectivity or enantioselectivity, the activity and stability of catalyst under turnover conditions, and all improvements in catalytic processes
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    Carbon Based Electronic Devices (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039282333 , 9783039282326
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (258 p.)
    Abstract: For more than 50 years, silicon has dominated the electronics industry. However, this growth will come to an end, due to resources limitations. Thus, research developments need to focus to alternative materials, with higher performance and better functionality. Current research achievements have indicated that carbon is one of the promising candidates for its exploitation in the electronics industry. Whereas the physical properties of graphite and diamond have been investigated for many years, the potential for electronic applications of other allotropes of carbon (fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibres, carbon films, carbon balls and beads, carbon fibers, etc), has only been appreciated relatively recently. Carbon-based materials offer a number of exciting possibilities for new applications of electronic devices, due to their unique thermal and electrical properties. However, the success of carbon-based electronics depends on the rapid progress of the fabrication, doping and manipulation techniques. In this Special Issue, we focus on both insights and advancements in carbon-based electronics. We will also cover various topics ranging from synthesis, functionalisation, and characterisation of carbon-based materials, for their use in electronic devices, including advanced manufacturing techniques, such as 3D printing, ink-jet printing, spray-gun technique, etc
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    Biological Communities Respond to Multiple Human-Induced Aquatic Environment Change (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039285457 , 9783039285440
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Abstract: Perturbations linked to the direct and indirect impacts of human activities during the Anthropocene affect the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems to varying degrees. Some perturbations involve stress to aquatic life, including soil and water acidification, soil erosion, loss of base cations, release of trace metals/organic compounds, and application of essential nutrients capable of stimulating primary productivity. Superimposed onto these changes, climate warming impacts aquatic environments via altering species’ metabolic processes and by modifying food web interactions. The interaction stressors is difficult to predict because of the differential response of species and taxonomic groups, interacting additively, synergistically, or antagonistically. Whenever different trophic levels respond differently to climate warming, food webs are restructured; yet, the consequences of warming-induced changes for the food web structure and long-term population dynamics of different trophic levels remain poorly understood. Such changes are crucial in lakes, where food web production is mainly due to ectotherms, which are highly sensitive to changes in their surrounding environment. Due to its remarkable physical inertia, including thermal stability, global warming also has a profound effect on groundwater ecosystems. Combining contemporary and palaeo data is essential to understand the degree to which mechanisms of stressors impact on lake biological communities and lake ecosystem functioning. The degree to which alterations can affect aquatic ecosystem structure and functioning also requires functional diversity to be addressed at the molecular level, to reconstruct the role different species play in the transfer of material and energy through the food web. In this issue, we present examples of the impact of different stressors and their interaction on aquatic ecosystems, providing long-term, metabolic, molecular, and paleolimnological analyses
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    Advanced Flame Retardant Materials (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039283514 , 9783039283507
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Abstract: Recent disasters caused by the spread of fire in buildings and in transportations remind us of the importance of fire protection. Using flame-retardant materials is one important element of the firefighting strategy, which aims to prevent fire development and propagation. These materials are used in different applications, such as in textiles, coatings, foams, furniture, and cables. The development of more efficient and environmentally friendly flame-retardant additives is an active multidisciplinary approach that has attracted a great deal of interest. Studies have aimed at the development of new, sustainable, and flame-retardant additives/materials, providing high performance and low toxicity. Also studied were their properties during ageing and recycling, as well as modeling physical and chemical processes occuring before ignition and during their combustion. The development of sustainable flame retardants and understanding their modes of action provide a strong link between these topics and cover many fields from organic chemistry, materials engineering, and toxicology, to physics and mathematics
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    Advances in Heterocatalysis by Nanomaterials (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039288359 , 9783039288366
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Abstract: Heterogeneous catalysis played, plays, and will continue to play, a major key role in industrial processes for large-scale synthesis of commodity chemicals of global importance, and in catalytic systems that possess a critical role in energy generation and environmental protection approaches. As a result of the ongoing progress in materials science, nanotechnology, and characterizations, great advances have been achieved in heterogeneous catalysis by nanomaterials. Efficient approaches and advanced methods for the design of nano-structured composite materials (up to atomic level), subject to specific nano-morphologies with enhanced metal–metal and metal–support interactions favorable for catalysis (that enable fine-tuning of the critical properties of the designed catalysts), provide optimized catalysts with outstanding performances in numerous eco-friendly and cost-effective applications. Accordingly, great progress has been achieved involving, for example, emissions control, waste treatment, photocatalytic, bio-refinery, CO2 utilization, and fuel cells applications, as well as hydrocarbon processing for H2, added-value chemicals, and liquid fuels production. The themed Special Issue has succeeded in collecting 10 high-quality contributions that cover recent research progress in the field for a variety of applications (e.g., environment, energy, added-value chemicals/organics synthesis, and bio-transformation) declaring the prospect and importance of nanomaterials in all the directions of heterogeneous catalysis
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    Advances in Electrochemical Energy Materials (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039286423 , 9783039286430
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Abstract: Electrochemical energy storage is becoming essential for portable electronics, electrified transportation, integration of intermittent renewable energy into grids, and many other energy and power applications. The electrode materials and their structures, in addition to the electrolytes, play key roles in supporting a multitude of coupled physicochemical processes that include electronic, ionic, and diffusive transport in electrode and electrolyte phases, electrochemical reactions and material phase changes, as well as mechanical and thermal stresses, thus determining the storage energy density and power density, conversion efficiency, performance lifetime, and system cost and safety. Different material chemistries and multiscale porous structures are being investigated for high performance and low cost. The aim of this Special Issue is to report the recent advances in materials used in electrochemical energy storage that encompass supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries
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    100% Renewable Energy Transition: Pathways and Implementation (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039280353 , 9783039280346
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (356 p.)
    Abstract: Energy markets are already undergoing considerable transitions to accommodate new (renewable) energy forms, new (decentral) energy players, and new system requirements, e.g. flexibility and resilience. Traditional energy markets for fossil fuels are therefore under pressure, while not-yet-mature (renewable) energy markets are emerging. As a consequence, investments in large-scale and capital intensive (traditional) energy production projects are surrounded by high uncertainty, and are difficult to hedge by private entities. Traditional energy production companies are transforming into energy service suppliers and companies aggregating numerous potential market players are emerging, while regulation and system management are playing an increasing role. To address these increasing uncertainties and complexities, economic analysis, forecasting, modeling and investment assessment require fresh approaches and views. Novel research is thus required to simulate multiple actor interplays and idiosyncratic behavior. The required approaches cannot deal only with energy supply, but need to include active demand and cover systemic aspects. Energy market transitions challenge policy-making. Market coordination failure, the removal of barriers hindering restructuring and the combination of market signals with command-and-control policy measures are some of the new aims of policies.The aim of this Special Issue is to collect research papers that address the above issues using novel methods from any adequate perspective, including economic analysis, modeling of systems, behavioral forecasting, and policy assessment.The issue will include, but is not be limited to: Local control schemes and algorithms for distributed generation systems; Centralized and decentralized sustainable energy management strategies; Communication architectures, protocols and properties of practical applications; Topologies of distributed generation systems improving flexibility, efficiency and power quality; Practical issues in the control design and implementation of distributed generation systems; Energy transition studies for optimized pathway options aiming for high levels of sustainability
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    Application of Optimization in Production, Logistics, Inventory, Supply Chain Management and Block Chain (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039285235 , 9783039285228
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (618 p.)
    Abstract: The evolution of industrial development since the 18th century is now experiencing the fourth industrial revolution. The effect of the development has propagated into almost every sector of the industry. From inventory to the circular economy, the effectiveness of technology has been fruitful for industry. The recent trends in research, with new ideas and methodologies, are included in this book. Several new ideas and business strategies are developed in the area of the supply chain management, logistics, optimization, and forecasting for the improvement of the economy of the society and the environment. The proposed technologies and ideas are either novel or help modify several other new ideas. Different real life problems with different dimensions are discussed in the book so that readers may connect with the recent issues in society and industry. The collection of the articles provides a glimpse into the new research trends in technology, business, and the environment
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    Advances in Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Production, Volume 2 (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039286416 , 9783039286409
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (202 p.)
    Abstract: Nowadays, we are witnessing highly dynamic research activities related to the intriguing field of biodegradable materials with plastic-like properties. These activities are stimulated by the strengthened public awareness of prevailing ecological issues connected to growing piles of plastic waste and increasing greenhouse gas emissions; this goes hand-in-hand with the ongoing depletion of fossil feedstocks, which are traditionally used to produce full carbon backbone polymers. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolyesters, a family of plastic-like materials with versatile material properties, are increasing considered to be a future-oriented solution for diminishing these concerns. PHA production is based on renewable resources and occurs in a bio-mediated fashion through the action of living organisms. If accomplished in an optimized way, PHA production and the entire PHA lifecycle are embedded into nature´s closed cycles of carbon. Sustainable and efficient PHA production requires understanding and improvement of all the individual process steps. Holistic improvement of PHA production, applicable on an industrially relevant scale, calls for, inter alia, consolidated knowledge about the enzymatic and genetic particularities of PHA-accumulating organisms, an in-depth understanding of the kinetics of the bioprocess, the selection of appropriate inexpensive fermentation feedstocks, tailoring of PHA composition at the level of its monomeric constituents, optimized biotechnological engineering, and novel strategies for PHA recovery from biomass characterized by low energy and chemical requirements. This Special Issue represents a comprehensive compilation of articles in which these individual aspects have been addressed by globally recognized experts
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    Advanced Mathematical Methods: Theory and Applications (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039282463 , 9783039282470
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (198 p.)
    Abstract: The many technical and computational problems that appear to be constantly emerging in various branches of physics and engineering beg for a more detailed understanding of the fundamental mathematics that serves as the cornerstone of our way of understanding natural phenomena. The purpose of this Special Issue was to establish a brief collection of carefully selected articles authored by promising young scientists and the world's leading experts in pure and applied mathematics, highlighting the state-of-the-art of the various research lines focusing on the study of analytical and numerical mathematical methods for pure and applied sciences
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    Advanced Mobile Robotics: Volume 1 (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039219162 , 9783039219179
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (468 p.)
    Abstract: Mobile robotics is a challenging field with great potential. It covers disciplines including electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, computer science, cognitive science, and social science. It is essential to the design of automated robots, in combination with artificial intelligence, vision, and sensor technologies. Mobile robots are widely used for surveillance, guidance, transportation and entertainment tasks, as well as medical applications. This Special Issue intends to concentrate on recent developments concerning mobile robots and the research surrounding them to enhance studies on the fundamental problems observed in the robots. Various multidisciplinary approaches and integrative contributions including navigation, learning and adaptation, networked system, biologically inspired robots and cognitive methods are welcome contributions to this Special Issue, both from a research and an application perspective
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    Wave Energy Potential, Behavior and Extraction (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039283972 , 9783039283965
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (238 p.)
    Abstract: Wave energy has a higher potential than most of the available ocean energy resources; however, it fluctuates dramatically depending on geographical and temporal baselines. The complexity of wave energy is only exacerbated by that fact that the cycle of creation, transport, and disappearance of wave energy is influenced by a wide variety of factors. This Special Issue of Energies explores the latest developments in wave energy potential, behavior, and extraction. This Special Issue introduces 1) thorough reviews on the status of wave energy development, 2) novel technologies to extract wave energy including wave energy converter design, and 3) latest methodologies applied in analyzing wave energy potentials
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    Water Intake, Body Water Regulation and Health (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039286577 , 9783039286560
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Abstract: The purpose of this Special Issue, “Water Intake, Body Water Regulation, and Health”, is to present novel reviews and experimental data regarding hydration physiology and its implication in overall health. Water has previously been dubbed the forgotten nutrient due to humans’ and animals’ ability to subsist seemingly unchanged across a wide range of daily water intakes. However, with the introduction of stressors such as exercise, diseased states, and/or chronic high or low water intake, the homeostatic signals related to body water regulation can influence organ and whole-body health. This Special Issue will discuss water intake, the scientific rationale surrounding the U.S. and European water intake guidelines, homeostatic mechanisms, diseases related to dysfunction of water regulation, and differences in the volume and the vehicle in which the water is contained (i.e., plain water versus mixed beverages) on water intake during and following exercise. The aim is to continue discussion surrounding water, the previously forgotten nutrient, and highlight the importance of water in daily life
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  • 92
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    Wind Turbine Power Optimization Technology (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039289349 , 9783039289332
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (138 p.)
    Abstract: Wind turbines are one of the most promising renewable energy technologies, and this motivates fertile research activity about developments in power optimization. This topic covers a wide range of aspects, from the research on aerodynamics and control design to the industrial applications about on-site wind turbine performance control and monitoring. This Special Issue collects seven research papers about several innovative aspects of the multi-faceted topic of wind turbine power optimization technology. The seven research papers deal respectively with the aerodynamic optimization of wind turbine blades through Gurney flaps; optimization of blade design for large offshore wind turbines; control design optimization of large wind turbines through the analysis of the competing objectives of energy yield maximization and fatigue loads minimization; design optimization of a tension leg platform for floating wind turbines; innovative methods for the assessment of wind turbine optimization technologies operating on site; optimization of multiple wake interactions modeling through the introduction of a mixing coefficient in the energy balance method; and optimization of the dynamic stall control of vertical-axis wind turbines through plasma actuators. This Special Issue presents remarkable research activities in the timely subject of wind turbine power optimization technology, covering various aspects. The collection is believed to be beneficial to readers and contribute to the wind power industry
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    Understanding Game-based Approaches for Improving Sustainable Water Governance: The Potential of Serious Games to Solve Water Problems (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039287635 , 9783039287628
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (272 p.)
    Abstract: The sustainable governance of water resources relies on processes of multi-stakeholder collaborations and interactions that facilitate knowledge co-creation and social learning. Governance systems are often fragmented, forming a barrier to adequately addressing the myriad of challenges affecting water resources, including climate change, increased urbanized populations, and pollution. Transitions towards sustainable water governance will likely require innovative learning partnerships between public, private, and civil society stakeholders. It is essential that such partnerships involve vertical and horizontal communication of ideas and knowledge, and an enabling and democratic environment characterized by informal and open discourse. There is increasing interest in learning-based transitions. Thus far, much scholarly thinking and, to a lesser degree, empirical research has gone into understanding the potential impact of social learning on multi-stakeholder settings. The question of whether such learning can be supported by forms of serious gaming has hardly been asked. This Special Issue critically explores the potential of serious games to support multi-stakeholder social learning and collaborations in the context of water governance. Serious games may involve simulations of real-world events and processes and are challenge players to solve contemporary societal problems; they, therefore, have a purpose beyond entertainment. They offer a largely untapped potential to support social learning and collaboration by facilitating access to and the exchange of knowledge and information, enhancing stakeholder interactions, empowering a wider audience to participate in decision making, and providing opportunities to test and analyze the outcomes of policies and management solutions. Little is known about how game-based approaches can be used in the context of collaborative water governance to maximize their potential for social learning. While several studies have reported examples of serious games, there is comparably less research about how to assess the impacts of serious games on social learning and transformative change
    Note: English
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  • 94
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    Ultrasonic Guided Waves (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039282982 , 9783039282999
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (376 p.)
    Abstract: The propagation of ultrasonic guided waves in solids is an important area of scientific inquiry, primarily due to their practical applications for nondestructive characterization of materials, such as nondestructive inspection, quality assurance testing, structural health monitoring, and providing a material state awareness. This Special Issue of Applied Sciences covers all aspects of ultrasonic guided waves (e.g., phased array transducers, meta-materials to control wave propagation characteristics, scattering, attenuation, and signal processing techniques) from the perspective of modeling, simulation, laboratory experiments, or field testing. In order to fully utilize ultrasonic guided waves for these applications, it is necessary to have a firm grasp of their requisite characteristics, which include that they are multimodal, dispersive, and are comprised of unique displacement profiles through the thickness of the waveguide
    Note: English
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  • 95
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    Treatment Strategies and Survival Outcomes in Breast Cancer (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039287598 , 9783039287581
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Abstract: Treatment strategies for breast cancer are wide-ranging and often based on a multi-modality approach, depending on the stage and biology of the tumour and the acceptance and tolerance of the patient. They may include surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic therapy (endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy). Advances in technologies such as oncoplastic surgery, radiation planning and delivery, and genomics, and the development of novel systemic therapy agents alongside their evaluation in ongoing clinical trials continue to strive for improvements in outcomes. In this Special Issue, we publish a collection of studies looking at all forms of therapeutic strategies for early and advanced breast cancer, focusing on their outcomes, notably survival
    Note: English
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  • 96
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    Transnationalism and Genealogy (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039219087 , 9783039219094
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Abstract: Transnationalism and genealogy is an emerging subfield of genealogy which intersects with other fields. The last two to three decades have witnessed a significant growth in this subfield, especially in the areas of transnationalism and family arrangements, transnational marriage, transnational adoption, transnational parenting, and transnational care for elderly parents. However, large gaps remain, especially with regard to the impact of transnationalism on lineage. In filling some lacunas in the current literature, Transnationalism and Genealogy represents an initial attempt to frame the relationship between transnationalism and genealogy. The articles included in this book cover various aspects of transnationalism and genealogy from historical periods until the present, with perspectives from anthropology, sociology, history, and African studies. The topics stretch from transnationalism and the emancipation of black kinship to the transformation of a Chinese immigrant family from traditional to transnational as well as the impact of this transformation on its family relations and lineage, a family history of transnational migration across four nation/city states in four generations, the role of social media platforms (Facebook in particular) in facilitating transnational care chains in the Trinidadian diasporic community, and a comparison between Chinese immigrants in the United States and Singapore in transnational parenting. The introductory essay offers a laconic assessment of the subfield of transnationalism and genealogy
    Note: English
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  • 97
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    Towards a Sustainable Management of Mine Wastes: Reprocessing, Reuse, Revalorization and Repository (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039281756 , 9783039281749
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (240 p.)
    Abstract: The need for efficient and sustainable management methods of mine waste is continuously growing all around the world. These waste products often present serious management problems due to their more or less significant amounts and possible environmental threats. This Special Issue highlights the recent and new trends in sustainable mine waste management techniques. Currently, it is essential to sustainably manage mine waste, considering social, economic, environmental and technical aspects. In this Special Issue, insights related to the following issues are highlighted: the problems around mine waste, the fine characterization of mine waste, the latest available technical and environmental solutions to efficiently manage mine waste, including treatment and processing before disposal and high value element recovery, with the view of moving towards defining effective, low-cost and ecofriendly methods, the recycling of mine waste products as alternative resources in different sectors, and finally laboratory, pilot and/or industrial-scale studies related to these topics of research. Scientists and industry and governance stakeholders have to face these new challenges to find the best management practices for the future
    Note: English
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  • 98
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    Tools, Methodologies and Techniques Applied to Sustainable Supply Chains (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039283187 , 9783039283194
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (296 p.)
    Abstract: Supply chains are currently globalized and companies operate internationally owing to the fact that raw materials, production processes, and the consumption of the final products are carried out in different countries. This implies high material and information flow, which incurs high costs associated with the supply chain and logistics, sometimes up to 60% of the total cost of the product. Therefore, companies seek to optimize their resources to reduce these costs and improve sustainability in a globalized market. This book, entitled Tools, Methodologies and Techniques Applied to Sustainable Supply Chains, contains 15 chapters that report case studies applied to industrial and service sectors. The authors come from areas such as Mexico, Colombia, Italy, Sweden, Slovakia, China, and Australia. They indicate how managers make use of tools and techniques to solve problems associated with supply chains to reduce their cost and remain competitive. A great effort has been made to analyze this problem, and the methodologies are clearly described here to facilitate the reproducibility of each technique and tool. This was done in the hope that hoping that they may one day be applied in more companies
    Note: English
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  • 99
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    A Themed Issue of Functional Molecule-based Magnets: Dedicated to Professor Masahiro Yamashita on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039289028 , 9783039289011
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Abstract: Research on molecule-based magnetic materials was systematized in the 1980s and expanded rapidly. A Special Issue focusing on molecule-based magnetic substances was published in Magnetochemistry. However, the functionalities of the substances increase daily; therefore, the researchers’ quest is not yet in decline. Research on molecule-based magnetism developed across many fields, including chemistry, physics, material chemistry, and applied physics, and the use of the various functionalities of these molecule-based magnetic substances has greatly influenced research on spin-based devices. In honor of Professor Masahiro Yamashita, who contributed greatly to this field, I have put together a Special Issue that highlights ten groundbreaking articles. The issue is entitled, “A Themed Issue of Functional Molecule-Based Magnets: Dedicated to Professor Masahiro Yamashita on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday”. I wish to thank the authors for their dedicated work, and the referees and editorial staff for the time they invested commenting on the articles
    Note: English
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  • 100
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    Synthesis and Applications of Nanomaterials for Photocatalysis and Electrocatalysis (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039288328 , 9783039288311
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (213 p.)
    Abstract: Heterogeneous catalysis, exploiting photo- and electrochemical reactions, has expanded rapidly in recent decades, having undergone various developments, especially from both energetic and environmental points of view. Photocatalysis plays a pivotal role in such applications as water splitting and air/water remediation. Electrocatalysis can be found in a large array of research fields, including the development of electroanalytical sensors, wastewater treatment, and energy conversion devices (e.g., batteries, fuel and solar cells, etc.). Therefore, the fine control of the synthetic procedures, together with extensive physicochemical characterisations of the tailor-made catalytic nanomaterials, are of fundamental importance to achieving the desired results. The present book will include recent enhancements in oxide/metal nanoparticles for photocatalytic and electrocatalytic applications, especially in the fields of pollutants abatement and energy conversion
    Note: English
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