Abstract: Systems, Equipment, Techniques, and Trends -- What Has Computer Graphics to Offer? -- Computer Graphics Hardware Techniques -- Computer Graphics Software Techniques -- Interactive Software Techniques -- Computer Display System Tradeoffs -- Computer Graphics in the United States -- The U.K. Scene -- Low Cost Graphics -- Remote Display Terminals -- Applications, Installations -- Graphical Computer Aided Programming Systems -- Alphanumeric Terminals for Management Information -- Computer Graphics Used for Architectural Design and Costing -- Graphical Output in a Research Establishment -- Appendix to Graphical Output in a Research Establishment -- High Energy Physics Applications -- Mechanical Design Using Graphics -- Electronic Design Using Graphics -- Man-Machine Co-operation on a Learning Task -- Some Hardware, Software and Applications Problems -- For the Computer Technologist -- Present-day Computer Graphics Research -- For Reference -- Some Commercially Available Computer Graphics Systems.

Abstract: Acronyms, Abbreviations -- Missile, Rocket, Probe, and Drone Designation System -- Aircraft Designation System -- Ship Designations -- Communication Electronic Equipment Designation System -- Set or Equipment Designation System -- Component Designation System.

Abstract: Acronym agglomeration is an affliction of the age, and there are acronym addicts who, in their weakness, find it impossible to resist them. More than once in recent months my peers have cautioned me about my apparent readiness to use not only acronyms, but abbreviations, foreign­ isms, codes, and other cryptic symbols rather than common, ordinary American words. Many among us, though, either have not received or have chosen to ignore such advice. As a consequence, what we write and speak is full of mystery and confusion. It is then for the reader and listener and for the writer and speaker that Reta C. Moser has compiled this guide. Its effective application to the art of communication is urged. Such use should help avoid many of the misunderstandings involving terminology which occur daily. Although such misunderstandings are certainly crucial in humanistic and social situations, they are often of immediate import and the trigger to disaster in scientific, technical, and political situations. Some 15,000 acronyms and 25,000 definitions are provided (a 50- and 47 -percent increase over the 1964 edition!), with due credit to Miss Moser's diligence in making the compilation and with the acknowledgment that the acronymical phenomenon is very much with us. This edition, like the first, is certain to be of value to writers, librarians, editors, and others who must identify and deal with acronyms.

Abstract: I Stress and Strain -- 1. Introductory -- 2. Stress. Definitions and notation -- 3. Stresses in two dimensions -- 4. Stresses in three dimensions -- 5. Mohr’s representation of stress in three dimensions -- 6. Displacement and strain. Introduction -- 7. The geometry of finite homogeneous strain in two dimensions -- 8. Finite homogeneous strain in three dimensions -- 9. Mohr’s representation of finite homogeneous strain without rotation -- 10. Infinitesimal strain in two dimensions -- 11. Infinitesimal strain in three dimensions -- II Behaviour of Actual Materials -- 12. Introductory -- 13. The stress-strain relations for a perfectly elastic isotropic solid -- 14. Special cases: biaxial stress and strain -- 15. Strain-energy -- 16. Anisotropic substances -- 17. Finite hydrostatic strain -- 18. Natural strain -- 19. The equations of viscosity -- 20. Fracture and yield -- 21. The maximum shear stress theory of fracture and its generalizations -- 22. Mohr’s theory of fracture -- 23. Earth pressure -- 24. The Griffith theory of brittle strength -- 25. Strain theories of failure -- 26. The tensile test on ductile materials -- 27. Yield criteria -- 28. The yield surface -- 29. The equations of plasticity -- 30. Substances with composite properties -- III Equations of Motion and Equilibrium -- 31. Introductory -- 32. Simple problems illustrating the behaviour of elastic, viscous, plastic and Bingham substances -- 33. The elastic equations of motion -- 34. The elastic equations of equilibrium -- 35. Special cases of the equations of elasticity -- 36. Special problems in elasticity -- 37. Wave propagation -- 38. Elastic waves -- 39. The equations of motion of a viscous fluid -- 40. Special problems in viscosity -- 41. Plastic flow in two dimensions -- IV Applications -- 42. Introductory -- 43. Experimental results on the mechanical properties of rocks -- 44. Systems having one or more planes of weakness -- 45. Porous media -- 46. Further discussion of criteria for failure -- 47. Stresses and faulting in the crust -- 48. The Coulomb-Navier theory in terms of invariants -- 49. The representation of two-dimensional stress fields -- 50. Stresses around openings -- 51. The use of the complex variable -- 52. Displacements -- 53. Underground measurements and their results -- 54. Measurement of rock properties -- 55. Effects of flaws, size and stress gradient -- 56. The complete stress-strain curve -- V Applications to Structural Geology -- 57. Introductory -- 58. Combination of strains -- 59. Determination of finite strain from deformed objects -- 60. Progressive deformation -- 61. Analysis of strain in folding -- 62. Instability theory: folding and kinking -- 63. Development of preferred orientations of ellipsoidal particles -- Notation -- Author Index.

Abstract: IN this monograph I have attempted to set out, in as elemen­ tary a form as possible, the basic mathematics of the theories of elasticity, plasticity, viscosity, and rheology, together with a discussion of the properties of the materials involved and the way in which they are idealized to form a basis for the mathe­ matical theory. There are many mathematical text-books on these subjects, but they are largely devoted to methods for the solution of special problems, and, while the present book may be regarded as an introduction to these, it is also in­ tended for the large class of readers such as engineers and geologists who are more interested in the detailed analysis of stress and strain, the properties of some of the materials they use, criteria for flow and fracture, and so on, and whose interest in the theory is rather in the assumptions involved in it and the way in which they affect the solutions than in the study of special problems. The first chapter develops the analysis of stress and strain rather fully, giving, in particular, an account of Mohr's repre­ sentations of stress and of finite homogeneous strain in three dimensions. In the second chapter, on the behaviour of materials, the stress-strain relations for elasticity (both for isotropic and simple anisotropic substances), viscosity, plas­ ticity and some of the simpler rheological models are described.

Abstract: Table des Matières / List of Contents -- Première séance (plénière) -- 1. Paroles de bienvenue -- Prof. Dr. W. Brundert, Oberbürgermeister -- Prof. Dr. E. Schütte, Kultusminister -- Dr. H. Lohse, Präsident, Verein Deutscher Bibliothekare. -- 2. Discours d’ouverture du Président de la Fédération -- 3. Rapport financier du Trésorier -- 4. Rapport du Secrétaire général -- 5. Rapport du représentant de I’UNESCO -- 6. Rapport du représentant de la FID -- Deuxième séance (plénière) -- 7. « Le livre et la bibliothèque dans une société industrielle — Books and libraries in an industrial society » -- a) Prof. Dr. W. RÜEGG -- b) Dr. J. E. MORPURGO. -- c) Mr. V. ORLOV (document distribué). -- Troisième séance (plénière) -- 8. Rapports et résolutions des Sections et Commissions -- Associations internationales: AIL, IATUL -- A. Résolutions des Sections (de types de bibliothèques) -- la. Bibliothèques nationales et universitaires -- 1b. Sous-section des bibliothèques universitaires -- 2. Bibliothèques de lecture publique -- 2a. INTAMEL -- 2b. Sous-section des bibliothèques d’enfants -- 2c. Sous-section des bibliothèques d’hôpitaux -- 3. Bibliothèques spécialisées -- 3a. Sous-section des bibliothèques d’observatoires astronomiques -- 4. Bibliothèques parlementaires et administratives -- B. Résolutions des Commissions (problèmes de bibliothéconomie) -- 1. Unification des règles de catalogue -- 2. Catalogues collectifs et prêt international -- 3. Echange de publications -- 3a. Echange de publications officielles -- 4. Périodiques et publications en série -- 5. Statistique -- 6. Fonds et documents rares et précieux -- 7. Formation professionnelle -- 8. Construction des bibliothèques -- 9. Mécanisation -- 10. Bibliographie -- 9. Communications du Bureau exécutif -- a) Le prix Sevensma -- b) La commission de la statistique -- c) Changements de fonctionnaires -- d) Charte de livre -- e) Sessions futures du Conseil général -- 10. Discours de clôture du Président -- Annexes -- Rapports Annuels Et Détails des Associations-Membres Annual Reports and Details of Member-Associations -- UDC (100) Associations internationales -- Association of Libraries of Judaica and Hebraica in Europe -- International Association of Agricultural Librarians and Documentalists (IAALD) -- International Association of Technological University Libraries (IATUL) -- International Association of Law Libraries -- Association of International Libraries -- Membres nationaux UDC (4) Europe -- Allemagne: -- Bundesrepublik: Verein Deutscher Bibliothekare, 1967/1968 -- Verein der Bibliothekare an öffentlichen Büchereien (vormals: Verein Deutscher Volksbibliothekare) 1967/1968 -- Verein der Diplom-Bibliothekare an wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken, 1967/1968 -- Deutscher Büchereiverland -- Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Spezialbibliotheken 1967/1968 -- D.D.R. Deutscher Bibliotheksverband, 1967/1968. -- Deutsche Staatsbibliothek, 1967 -- Deutsche Bücherei, 1967/1968 -- Nationale Forschungs-und Gedänkstätten, Weimar -- Autriche:Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekare, 1967/1968 -- Verband Österreichischer Volksbüchereien -- Association des archivistes et bibliothécaires de Belgique, et Vlaamse Vereniging van Bibliothek -en archiefpersoneel -- Croix-Rouge de Belgique. Conseil national des Bibliothèques d’hôpitaux -- Union des Bibliothécaires auxiliaires sociaux. -- Association nationale des Bibliothécaires d’expression française de Belgique -- Bulgarie: Libraries in Bulgaria, 1967/1968 -- Danemark: Libraries in Denmark, 1967/1968 -- Danmarks Biblioteksforening -- Danmarks Videnskabelige og Faglige Bibliotekers Sammenslutning -- Espagne:Asociación nacional de Archiveros, bibliotecarios y arqueólogos de España -- Finlande: Suomen Kirjastoseura, 1967/1968 -- Suomen tieteellinen Kirjastoseura. Finlands Vetenskapliga Bibliotekssamfund -- France: Association des bibliothécaires français -- Grande-Bretagne: The Library Association, 1967 -- Hollande: Libraries in the Netherlands in 1967 -- Rijkscommissie van advies inzake het bibliotheekwezen -- Centrale Vereniging voor openbare Bibliotheken -- Nederlandse Vereniging van Bibliothecarissen -- Hongrie: Association of Hungarian librarians, 1967. -- Islande: Association of Icelandic Librarians -- Italie: Associazione Italiana Biblioteche, 1967/1968 -- Luxembourg: Bibliothèque nationale du Grand-Duché -- Monaco: Bibliothèque de Monaco -- Norvège: Norsk bibliotekforening, 1966 and 1967 -- Norsk bibliotekarlag -- Norsk forskningsbibliotekarers forening -- Pologne: Association des bibliothécaires polonais, 1968 -- Portugal: Direcçäo-Geral do Ensino superior e das Belas-artes -- Roumanie: Asociatia hibliotecarilor din Republica Populara Romîna -- Suède: Svenska Bibliotekariesamfundet -- Sveriges Allmänna Biblioteksforening -- Sveriges Vetenskapliga Specialbiblioteks förening -- Svenska Folkbibliotekarieförbundet -- Swedish libraries, 1967/1968 -- Suisse: Vereinigung Schweizerischer Bibliotekare, 1967/1968 -- URSS: USSR Library Council. Library activities in the USSR (Russian text) -- English summary -- Vatican: Biblioteca apostolica Vaticana -- Yugoslavie: Savez drustava bibliotekara Jugoslavije, 1966/1967 -- (4) Asia -- Hong Kong: Hong Kong Library Association -- Inde: Indian Library Association -- Indian Association of Special Libraries and Information Centers (IASLIC), 1967 -- Israel: Israel Library Association, 1967/1968 -- Japon: Japan Library Association, 1967/1968 -- Jourdain: Jordan Library Association, 1967 -- Liban: Lebanese Library Association, 1968/1969 -- Thailande: Thai Library Association -- Turquie: Türk Kütüphaneciler Dernegi -- (6) Afrique -- Afrique du Sud: The South African Libraries, 1967/1968 -- Ghana: Ghana Library Association -- Tunisie: Association tunisienne des Documentalistes, Bibliothécaires et Archivistes -- (7) Amérique du Nord -- Canada: Canadian Library Association, 1967/1968 -- Association canadienne des bibliothécaires de langue française, 1968 -- Ontario Library Association -- Quebec Library Association -- Etats-Unis d’Amérique American Library Association, 1967/1968 -- Medical Library Association -- Special Libraries Association, 1967/1968 -- American Association of Law Libraries -- Association of Research Libraries -- Puerto Rico: Sociedad de Bibliotecarios de Puerto Rico -- (5) Amérique latine -- Brésil: Associaçâo Paulista de Bibliotecârios -- Associaçâo Brasileira de Bibliotecâ.rios -- Federaçâo Brasileira de Associaçóes de Bibliote-cârios (FEBAB) -- Instituto Brasileiro de Bibliografia e Documentaçâo -- Mexique: Asociación Mexicana de Bibliotecarios -- Pérou: Asociación Peruana de Bibliotecarios -- Uruguay: Asociación de Bibliotecarios del Uruguay -- (9) Australasie -- Australie: Library Association of Australia, 1967 -- Nouvelle-Zélande: New Zealand Library Association, 1967/1968 -- * * * -- Associate members / Membres associés.

Abstract: 1 Symmetry in General -- 1-1. Introduction -- 1-2. Definition of Symmetry -- 1-3. Symmetry in Our Culture -- 1-4. Symmetry in Nature -- 1-5. Symmetry in Science -- 1-6. References -- 2 Symmetry in Chemistry -- 2-1. Introduction -- 2-2. Symmetry Elements -- 2-3. Point Groups -- 2-4. Rules for Classification of Molecules into Point Groups -- 2-5. Problems -- 2-6. References -- 2-7. Bibliography -- 3 Elementary Mathematics -- 3-1. Definition of a Group -- 3-2. Finite and Infinite Groups -- 3-3. Subgroups -- 3-4. Classes -- 3-5. Definition of a Matrix -- 3-6. Multiplication of Matrices -- 3-7. Transpose of a Matrix -- 3-8. Representation of Groups -- 3-9. Problems -- 3-10. References -- 4 The Character Table -- 4-1. Introduction -- 4-2. Types of Representations -- 4-3. Character Tables for the More Common Point Groups -- 4-4. Problem -- 5 Derivation of Selection Rules -- 5-1. Derivation of Selection Rules for Nonlinear Molecules of the Most Common Point Groups -- 5-2. The Td Point Group -- 5-3. The D4h Point Group -- 5-4. The Oh Point Group -- 5-5. The D3h Point Group -- 5-6. The C3v Point Group -- 5-7. The C2v Point Group -- 5-8. Derivation of Selection Rules for Linear Molecules -- 5-9. Problem -- 5-10. References -- 6 Potential Force Fields -- 6-1. The General Quadratic Potential Function -- 6-2. The Central Force Field -- 6-3. The Valence Force Field -- 6-4. The Generalized Valence Force Field -- 6-5. The Urey—Bradley Function -- 6-6. References -- 7 The Normal Coordinate Treatment for Molecules with C2v, C3v, Td, and Oh Symmetry -- 7-1. Procedure Necessary in the NCT Method -- 7-2. Normal Coordinate Treatment of H2O (C2v Symmetry) -- 7-3. Normal Coordinate Treatment of NH3(C3v Symmetry) -- 7-4. Normal Coordinate Treatment of CH4(Td Symmetry) -- 7-5. Normal Coordinate Treatment of UF6(Oh Symmetry) -- 7-6. Some Results of NCT of Molecules -- 7-7. The Product Rule -- 7-8. The Sum Rule -- 7-9. Summary -- 7-10. Problems -- 7-11. References -- 8 Applications of Group Theory -- 8-1. Introduction -- 8-2. Procedure Used in Determing the Structure of a Molecule -- 8-3. Examples Illustrating the Use of Group Theory in Determining Molecular Structure -- 8-4. Practice Problem -- 8-5. Selection of Rules for A3 to A8 Molecules -- 8-6. Forbidden Vibrations for Several Point Groups -- 8-7. Problems -- 8-8. References -- Appendices -- 1. Conversion Table for Wavelength and Wave Number Units -- 3. Diagrams of Normal Vibrations for Common Point Groups -- 4. Calculation of Thermodynamic Functions for Vibrational—Rotational Spectra -- 6. General Method of Obtaining Molecular Symmetry Coordinates -- 7. Conversion Chart for Various Forms of Energy and Velocities.

Abstract: This volume is a consequence of a series of seminars presented by the authors at the Infrared Spectroscopy Institute, Canisius College, Buffalo, New York, over the last nine years. Many participants on an intermediate level lacked a sufficient background in mathematics and quantum mechan­ ics, and it became evident that a non mathematical or nearly nonmathe­ matical approach would be necessary. The lectures were designed to fill this need and proved very successful. As a result of the interest that was developed in this approach, it was decided to write this book. The text is intended for scientists and students with only limited theore­ tical background in spectroscopy, but who are sincerely interested in the interpretation of molecular spectra. The book develops the detailed selection rules for fundamentals, combinations, and overtones for molecules in several point groups. Detailed procedures used in carrying out the normal coordinate treatment for several molecules are also presented. Numerous examples from the literature illustrate the use of group theory in the in­ terpretation of molecular spectra and in the determination of molecular structure.

Abstract: The subject of this book is the higher transcendental function known as the confluent hypergeometric function. In the last two decades this function has taken on an ever increasing significance because of its use in the application of mathematics to physical and technical problems. There is no doubt that this trend will continue until the general theory of confluent hypergeometric functions becomes familiar to the majority of physicists in much the same way as the cylinder functions, which were previously less well known, are now used in many engineering and physical problems. This book is intended to further this development. The important practical significance of the functions which are treated hardly demands an involved discussion since they include, as special cases, a number of simpler special functions which have long been the everyday tool of the physicist. It is sufficient to mention that these include, among others, the logarithmic integral, the integral sine and cosine, the error integral, the Fresnel integral, the cylinder functions and the cylinder function in parabolic cylindrical coordinates. For anyone who puts forth the effort to study the confluent hypergeometric function in more detail there is the inestimable advantage of being able to understand the properties of other functions derivable from it. This gen­ eral point of view is particularly useful in connection with series ex­ pansions valid for values of the argument near zero or infinity and in connection with the various integral representations.

Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Prospecting -- 3 Planning and Development -- 4 Removal of Overburden -- 5 The Use of Explosives in Surface Mining -- 6 Quarrying Hard Rocks -- 7 Working Iron and Copper Deposits by Open Pits -- 8 Opencast Coal -- 9 Surface Mining of Bauxite, Clays, Chalk and Phosphates -- 10 Surface Mining of Gold, Platinum, Uranium and Gemstones -- 11 Sand and Gravel -- 12 Alluvial Mining -- 13 Power Supply in the Surface Mining Industries -- 14 Reclamation after Surface Mining -- 15 The Management of Surface Mines -- Appendix I—Electromagnetic Prospecting -- Appendix II—Performance of Medium and Large Draglines -- Appendix III—Aggregates in Concrete.

Abstract: Quarrying and all other branches of surface mining rather than diminishing in importance have become of more and more consequence economically, industrially and particularly with the depletion of high-grade deep-mined mineral reserves. Low-grade minerals require low cost extraction and this in many cases necessitates very expensive mechanized equipment with the cost of individual units running into millions of pounds in the case of large­ scale operations with high productivity. There has been, and there still is, a tendency for the smaller single quarries to be amalgamated into groups with large financial resources and therefore with the ability to purchase these expensive machines so necessary to make operations viable. This in turn requires wider administrative and technical knowledge in executives of these groups and as these often handle a wide range of products from widely differing systems of working, this technical knowledge should embrace the exploitation of many different types of deposits. There is, at present, a great dearth throughout the world of such qualified executives as is apparent from advertisements of vacancies in the technical press. It would appear that these industries offer an attractive career to the widely qualified and experienced technologist in these fields. This book deals with methods of working in the surface extractive indus­ tries, quarry management and power supply-but does not deal with related ancillary processes except where these affect quarrying operations.

Abstract: I. The Beginnings -- II. The “Constitutionalism” of Emperor Alexander I -- III. Administrative Activities 1802–1812 -- IV. Reform of Russia’s Finances and Central Administration -- V. Plans of Reform -- VI. Disgrace and Exile -- VII. Philosophical Views and Political Theory -- VIII. Governing Russia’s Provinces -- IX. Projects for Reforming the Provincial Administration -- X. An Unpleasant Interlude — Speransky and the Decembrists -- XI. Codifying Russian Law -- XII. Last Years — Conclusion -- Indices.

Abstract: "An autocracy tempered by assassination", clever foreigners used to say about the Russian empire in the 18th and 19th centuries. With this bon mot the average curiosity about the Tsars' government was satisfied and there seemed to be no need to look further into the matter. There was, on the surface of things, some justification for such a definition: many rulers had suffered violent death and little did the autocracy abate between 1725 and 1905. The impression created by travelers, by historians and journalists, as well as by Russia's own discontented intelligentsia was that nothing really ever changed in Russia, that the autocracy was the same in 1905 as it had been at the death of Peter the Great in 1725. Not that the outside world had remained ignorant of the efforts at reform, the changes, and the modernization wrought in Russia since the day Peter I had "cut a window into Europe. " But the prevailing opinion was that such changes as occurred were merely external and did not affect the fundamental structure of the government or of society.

Abstract: 1 Theory of Algorithms and Discrete Processors -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Discrete Processors -- 3. Examples of Discrete Processors -- 4. Computers and Discrete Processors -- 5. Systems of Algorithmic Algebras -- 6. Application of Algorithmic Algebras to Transformations of Microprograms -- 7. Equivalence of Discrete Processors -- 8. Equivalence of Automata with Terminal States Relative to an Automaton without Cycles -- 9. Specific Cases of Solutions to the Equivalence Problem -- 10. Conclusions -- References -- 2 Programming Languages -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Basic Linguistic Nature of Programming Languages -- 3. Programming Languages and Semiotics -- 4. The Formal Definition of Programming Lan guages -- 5. The Definition of Programmable Automata and their Languages -- 6. Parallel Concurrent Processes -- 7. Machine Languages -- 8. Special and General-Purpose Algorithmic Languages -- 9. Special Problem-Oriented Languages -- 10. Simulation Languages -- 11. Conversational Languages -- 12. Conclusion -- References -- 3 Formula Manipulation—The User’s Point of View -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Different Types of Formula Manipulation Systems -- 3. Toward a Mathematical Utility -- 4. The Formula Manipulation Language Symbal -- 5. The Syntax of Symbal -- 6. The Basic Symbols and Syntactic Entities -- 7. Expressions -- 8. The Remaining Parts of the Language -- 9. Standard Variables -- 10. Techniques and Applications -- 11. Summary -- References -- 4 Engineering Principles of Pattern Recognition -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basic Problems in Pattern Recognition -- 3. Feature Selection and Preprocessing -- 4. Pattern Classification by Distance Functions -- 5. Pattern Classification by Potential Functions.. -- 6. Pattern Classification by Likelihood Functions -- 7. Pattern Classification by Entropy Functions.. -- 8. Conclusions -- References -- 5 Learning Control Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Trainable Controllers -- 3. Reinforcement Learning Control Systems -- 4. Bayesian Learning in Control Systems -- 5. Learning Control Systems Using Stochastic Approximation -- 6. The Method of Potential Functions and its Application to Learning Control -- 7. Stochastic Automata as Models of Learning Controllers -- 8. Conclusions -- Appendix. Stochastic Approximation—A Brief Survey -- References -- Author Index.

Abstract: Engineering has long been thought of by the public as a profession tra­ ditionally categorized into such branches as electrical, mechanical, chemical, industrial, civil, etc. This classification has served its purpose for the past half century; but the last decade has witnessed a tremendous change. A continuous transition from the practical to the theoretical has made technology overlap with science, and the enlargement of scope and broad­ ened diversification have smeared the boundaries between traditional engi­ neering and scientific fields. Engineering is rapidly becoming a diversified, multidisciplinary field of scientific endeavor. This has prompted us to regard modern engineering as a science, which has as its ingredients materials, energy, and information. In our complex and technologically-oriented society organizations are flooded with an enormous amount of management information. We are now faced with problems concerning the efficient use of communicated knowledge. The steady growth in the magnitude and complexity of informa­ tion systems necessitates the development of new theories and techniques for solving these information problems. We demand instant access to pre­ viously recorded information for decision making, and we require new meth­ ods for analysis, recognition, processing, and display. As a consequence, information science has evolved out of necessity. Concerned with the theoretical basis of the organization, control, stor­ age, retrieval, processing, and communication of information both by natural and artificial systems, information science is multidisciplinary in character. It covers a vast area of subject matter in the physical and biological sciences.

Abstract: I — Theory and Practice -- 1 Bearing Development and Bearing Theory -- 2 Current Practice in Journal Bearings -- II — Performance in Steady Running -- 3 Functioning of Journal Bearings -- 4 Conventional Hydrodynamic Theory of Laminar Flow -- 5 Similarity Rules, Flow Regimes, and Characteristic Relations -- 6 Observed Bearing Performance -- 7 Approximate Assessment of Performance -- III — Dynamic Characteristics -- 8 Journal Bearings in Vibration -- 9 Conventional Theory of Linearized Dynamic Characteristics with Laminar Flow -- 10 Effects of Inertia of Oil on Dynamic Characteristics -- 11 Experimental Investigation of Dynamic Characteristics -- 12 Influence of Bearings in Turbomachinery Vibration -- IV — Operational Experience and Prospective Development -- 13 Operation of Journal Bearings in Turbomachinery -- 14 Prospects in Development of Journal Bearings -- Appendices -- i Analytical Solution for Very Narrow Bearing -- ii Analytical Solution for Infinitely Wide Bearing -- iii Transformation of Axes -- iv Limiting Value of Characteristics at High Eccentricity Ratio -- v Definitions and Units of Viscosity -- vi Properties of Turbine Lubricating Oils -- vii The Apparent Out-of-balance Coefficients -- References.

Abstract: This book deals with the functioning of hydrodynamic journal bearings in turbomachinery. It makes particular reference to large turbine­ generator and marine propulsion plant. Journal-bearing design in this field has been based mainly on experience supplemented by full-scale experimental test. Development is becoming influenced to an increasing extent by research and analysis. Particular attention is given in this book to correlation of research and analytical work with the observed operating characteristics of journal bearings. The physical phenomena in bearings are complicated, and analysis is rendered convenient only by making simplifying assumptions. The engineer must know which assumptions are serviceable and in what operating conditions they may be applied. Current British and European practice in journal bearings is illus­ trated. An examination is made of steady running characteristics, as predicted by theory and as established by test. Some account is given of the dynamic characteristics of journal bearings and of their in­ fluence in machine vibration. Service experience of journal bearings is reviewed, and reference is made to possible future trends in develop­ ment. The book is the outcome of work on turbine plant with Metropolitan­ Vickers and its successor Associated Electrical Industries. The A.E.!. and English Electric activities in this field have recently been incor­ porated in English Electric-A.E.!. Turbine-Generators Ltd. The author expresses his gratitude to the Company for permission to publish the results. He thanks the English Electric Co. Ltd., C. A.

Abstract: I:Marxism -- The Person -- The Dialectic -- Freedom -- II:Catholicism -- The Person -- Authority -- The World -- III:Coexistence -- What the Marxists Must Do -- What the Catholics Must Do -- Epilogue.

Abstract: This is an authentic book. Its style fits its situation. The encounter between Marxism and Catholicism was yesterday diatribe, is today dialogue, and tomorrow will be epilogue. The virtue of Father Adelmann's writing is to make us aware that we are in via. Happenings are everywhere, not just in hippieland. In Salzburg and South Bend, in Chiem see and Cambridge conversations are going on - conversations that are no less than con­ fessions. For Catholics and Marxists are listening to each other and are changing their minds. It has been the peculiar good fortune of the author of this book to have been both recorder and participant in these changes. He has experienced the transition from diatribe to dialogue in his own thoughts and feelings, and he has here written not an outsider's account, but an insider's recounting. He is not simply this volume's author, but also one of its case of characters. Hence the style of his writing is apperceptively autobiographical. It fits the situation. He is a character in a play, who is also that drama's author. His essay, then, is not simply a discussion of the relation between Catholicism and Marxism today, but is a contribution to­ ward a new relation between them and tomorrow.

Abstract: 1. Connected Networks -- 1.0 Introduction -- 1.1 Set Theory -- 1.2 Sets with Two or Less Elements -- 1.3 Generalized Union -- 1.4 Relations and Functions -- 1.5 Superpositions and Inverses -- 1.6 Restrictions -- 1.7 Cartesian Products -- 1.8 Some Special Symbols -- 1.9 Finite Sequences -- 1.10 Networks -- 1.11 Geometrical Realization of a Network -- 1.12 Subnetworks -- 1.13 Degree of a Vertex -- 1.14 Path in a Network -- 1.15 Proper Path in a Network -- 1.16 Reduction of a Path to a Proper Path -- 1.17 Connected Networks -- 1.18 Isolated Vertices -- 1.19 Connected Sets of Branches -- 1.20 Path Connected Set of Branches -- 1.21 Union of Connected Sets of Branches -- 1.22 Connectedness of Paths -- 1.23 Component of a Set of Branches -- 1.24 Existence of Components -- 1.25 Partition into Components -- 1.26 Removal of a Branch -- 2. Loops, Trees, and Cut Sets -- 2.0 Introduction -- 2.1 Loop in a Network -- 2.2 Loops -- 2.3 Subloops of a Loop -- 2.4 Branches and Vertices of a Loop -- 2.5 Paths in a Loop -- 2.6 Removal of a Branch from a Loop -- 2.7 Tree in a Network -- 2.8 Trees -- 2.9 Connected Subset of a Tree -- 2.10 Branches and Vertices of a Tree -- 2.11 Number of Vertices of a Connected Set of Branches -- 2.12 Addition of a Branch to a Tree -- 2.13 Existence of Maximal Trees -- 2.14 Cut Set in a Network -- 2.15 Existence of Cut Sets -- 2.16 Alternate Characterization of Cut Sets -- 3. Incidence Functions and Incidence Matrices -- 3.0 Introduction -- 3.1 Incidence Functions -- 3.2 Matrices and Arrays -- 3.3 Submatrices -- 3.4 Determinants -- 3.5 Incidence Matrices -- 3.6 Square Submatrices of an Incidence Matrix -- 3.7 Unimodular Matrices -- 3.8 Laplacian Expansion of a Determinant -- 3.9 Reduced Incidence Matrix of a Tree -- 3.10 Incidence Matrix of a Loop -- 4. Linear Algebra Review -- 4.0 Introduction -- 4.1 The Field of Scalars -- 4.2 Addition and Scalar Multiplication of Functions -- 4.3 Linear Space of 0-Chains -- 4.4 Canonical Base of the Space of 0-Chains -- 4.5 Inner Product -- 4.6 Linear Maps -- 4.7 Transpose of a Linear Map -- 4.8 Direct Sum Decomposition -- 4.9 Dimension and Direct Sum Decomposition -- 5. Boundary Operator and Coboundary Operator -- 5.0 Introduction -- 5.1 Assumptions of This Chapter -- 5.2 Chain Spaces -- 5.3 The Boundary Operator -- 5.4 Boundaries and Cycles -- 5.5 Summation Over Finite Sets -- 5.6 The Coboundary Operator -- 5.7 Coboundaries and Cocycles -- 5.8 Boundaries, Coboundaries, and Inner Products -- 5.9 Orthogonality of Cycles and Coboundaries -- 5.10 Orthogonality of Boundaries and Cocycles -- 5.11 Decomposition of ?(K) into Cycles and Coboundaries -- 5.12 Decomposition of ? (V) into Boundaries and Cocycles -- 5.13 Isomorphism of Coboundaries and Boundaries -- 5.14 Dimension of the Space of Cocycles -- 6. Axioms of Network Analysis -- 6.0 Introduction -- 6.1 Assumptions of This Chapter -- 6.2 Resistive Networks -- 6.3 Currents and Voltages -- 6.4 Ohm’s Law -- 6.5 Sources -- 6.6 Kirchhoff’s Laws for Voltage Sources -- 6.7 Kirchhoff’s Laws for Current Sources -- 7. Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions -- 7.0 Introduction -- 7.1 Assumptions of This Chapter -- 7.2 Linearity of L and H -- 7.3 Existence and Uniqueness with Voltage Sourcess -- 7.4 Existence and Uniqueness with Current Sources -- 7.5 Current Variables -- 7.6 Voltage Variables -- 8. Kirchhoff’s Third and Fourth Laws -- 8.0 Introduction -- 8.1 Assumptions of This Chapter -- 8.2 The Cycle Map -- 8.3 The Chord Map -- 8.4 The Sum of Tree Chord Products -- 8.5 The Current Chain with Voltage Sources -- 8.6 The Coboundary Map -- 8.7 The Tree Branch Map -- 8.8 The Sum of Tree Branch Products -- 8.9 The Voltage Chain with Current Sources -- 8.10 Invariance Under Change of Incidence -- References.

Abstract: In this book we attempt to develop the fundamental results of resistive network analysis, based upon a sound mathematical structure. The axioms upon which our development is based are Ohm's Law, Kirchhoff's Voltage Law, and Kirchhoff's Current Law. In order to state these axioms precisely, and use them in the development of our network analysis, an elaborate mathematical structure is introduced, involving concepts of graph theory, linear algebra, and one dimensional algebraic topology. The graph theory and one dimensional algebraic topology used are developed from first principles; the reader needs no background in these subjects. However, we do assume that the reader has some familiarity with elementary linear algebra. It is now stylish to teach elementary linear algebra at the sophomore college level, and we feel that the require­ ment that the reader should be familiar with elementary linear algebra is no more demanding than the usual requirement in most electrical engineering texts that the reader should be familiar with calculus. In this book, however, no calculus is needed. Although no formal training in circuit theory is needed for an understanding of the book, such experience would certainly help the reader by presenting him with familiar examples relevant to the mathematical abstractions introduced. It is our intention in this book to exhibit the effect of the topological properties of the network upon the branch voltages and branch currents, the objects of interest in network analysis.

Abstract: I: Origins and Contexts -- Factors Shaping the Growth of Business Associations and their Involvement in Political Finance -- II: Germany -- How German Business Associations Came to Innovate Manifold Political Finance Techniques -- III: Norway -- Why Norwegian Business Associations Have Generally Avoided Political Finance Roles -- IV: Japan -- How Even a Giant Conveyer is Limited in its Impact on Japanese Party Politics by the Timidity of the Self-Effacing Entrepreneur -- V: Comparative Analyses -- How National Party and Interest Group Patterns Affected the Efficacy and Viability of Conveyers.

Abstract: Students of government and social power recognize that wherever governmental systems embrace popular elections, the functions and mechanisms of political finance constitute inevitable links of influence between economic structures and political processes. The transmu­ tation of economic power into political power has been of historic concern from ancient philosophers to modern political scientists. Efforts to discern and interpret the political roles of those engaged in funding candidates and political parties have intensified in recent years. Attention given the subject has deepened substantially in the United States since World War II and, while there have been differ­ ences in range and quality, serious analytical interests have also developed in numerous other nations around the world. These trends have been accompanied by increasingly more energetic and sophisti­ cated attempts at comparative analysis. Problems in transnational studies of political processes have always been formidable. The comparative study of political finance has been retarded by difficulties in defining units of analysis that make it possible to identify in some measurable way the effects of political fmance in precise phases of the governing process, e. g. , in the per­ suasion of voters, in party nominating processes, in executive decision­ making. Cash transactions, even when known with confidence, consti­ tute only a partial aspect of political finance. Other shades of economic power may be equally relevant, involving services or goods directly provided, credits and other economic benefits extended or withheld, and the exercise of less tangible but equally potent influence.

Abstract: IFLA/FIAB -- Programme -- Premiere Séance / First Session -- Comptes de la Fédération -- Deuxième Séance / Second Session -- Troisième Séance / Third Session -- Séance Spéciale/Special Session -- Annexes -- Membres Nationaux / National Members -- Bundesrepublik Deutschland, III: Verein der Diplom-Bibliothekare an Wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken e. V -- Bundesrepublik Deutschland, IV: Deutscher Büchereiverband e.V.: -- Deutsche Demokratische Republik I. Deutscher Bibliotheksverband -- Deutsche Staatsbibliothek, Berlin -- Deutsche Bücherei, Leipzig -- Autriche / Austria, I: Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekare -- Belgique / Belgium -- Bulgarie / Bulgaria -- Danemark / Denmark -- Finlande / Finland. I: Suomen Kirjastoseura / Finnish Library Association -- Grande-Bretagne / Great Britain -- Hollande / Holland -- Hongrie / Hungary -- Italie / Italy -- Pologne / Poland -- Suéde / Sweden -- Suisse / Switzerland -- UDC (5) ASIE / ASIA -- Israël / Israel -- Japon / Japan -- UDC (6) Afrique / Africa -- UDC (7) Amérique du Nord / North America -- États-UNIS D’Amérique / United States of America, I -- UDC (8) Amérique Latine / Latin America -- UDC (9) Australasie / Australasia.

Abstract: to Volume Two -- Classification -- The 18-electron rule -- 1. Two-Electron Ligands -- A. Classification -- B. The preparation of olefin-transition metal complexes -- C. A molecular orbital description of the bonding in organo-metallic complexes -- D. A description of the bonding of 2-electron ligands to transition metals -- E. General comments of 2-electron ligands -- F. Particular complexes of metals with 2-electron ligands -- 2. Three-Electron Ligands -- A. Preparation of ?-enyl complexes -- B. The structure of ?-enyl complexes -- C. The ?-allyl metal bond -- D. Dynamic equilibria in allyl complexes -- E. The chemistry of particular ?-enyl complexes -- 3. Four-Electron Ligands -- A. Some differences between unconjugated and conjugated olefin ligands -- B. The bonding of 4-electron ligands to transition metals -- C. Particular studies -- 4. Five-Electron Ligands -- A. Cyclopentadienyl metal complexes -- B. ?-Cyclopentadienyl transition metal complexes -- C. Cyclopentadienide transition metal complexes -- D. The bonding in mono-?-cyclopentadienyl transition metal complexes -- E. ?-Cyclopentadienyl carbonyl complexes -- F. ?-Cyclopentadienyl nitrosyl complexes -- G. Brief notes on binuclear ?-cyclopentadienyl complexes containing bridging ligands -- H. ?-Cyclopentadienyl hydride complexes -- I. ?-Cyclopentadienyl halides and oxides -- J. Other 5-electron ligands -- K. The organic chemistry of ?-cyclopentadienyl transition metal complexes -- L. Some particular reactions -- 5. Six-Electron Ligands -- A. Arene transition metal complexes -- (a) Preparation -- B. Olefin 6-electron ligands -- C. Transition metal complexes containing ?-bonded heterocyclic ligands -- 6. Seven-Electron Ligands Mixed Sandwich Complexes Related Azulene Derivatives and Cyclo-Octatetraene Complexes -- A. 7-Electron ligands -- B. Mixed sandwich complexes -- C. Metal complexes formed from azulenes -- D. Cyclo-octatetraene complexes -- 7. One-Electron Ligands -- I.1. Hydrocarbon alkyl and aryl complexes -- I.2 Transition metal-acyl complexes -- I.3. ?-Cyclopentadienyl complexes -- II. Transition metal fluorocarbon complexes -- III. Transition metal acetytides and alkynyls -- 8. Organometallic Complexes Formed From Acetylenes -- A. Monoacetylene, mononuclear complexes: acetylenes as 2-elec-tron ligands -- B. Monoacetylene binuclear complexes: acetylenes as 4-electron ligands -- C. Monoacetylene trinuclear complexes -- D. Monoacetylene tetranuclear complexes -- E. Bis-acetylene mononuclear complexes -- F. Bis-acetylene trinuclear complexes -- G. Tris-acetylene mononuclear complexes -- H. Tris-acetylene binuclear complexes -- I. Miscellaneous -- 9. The Role of Organotransition Metal Complexes in Some Catalytic Reactions -- A. Some chemistry of transition metal hydride complexes -- B. Some catalytic reactions which involve hydrogen transfer: isomerization reactions -- C. Homogeneous hydrogenation of olefins and acetylenes -- D. Some dimerization oligomerization and polymerization reactions of olefins and acetylenes -- E. Hydroformylation and related carhonylation reactions -- F. Some general comments on the relationship between heterogeneous and homogeneous transition metal catalysts -- G. Miscellaneous -- Author -- Subject -- Crystal Structures〉.

Abstract: to thank Messrs J. R. Sanders, W. E. Lindsell and M. G. Swanwick for helping to check the text and references and prepare indexes. Finally, I should like to thank my wife for the very considerable assis­ tance she has given me in the writing and production of this book. M. L. H. G. Contents Preface to the Third Edition, Volume Two Page v INTRODUCTION TO VOLUME TWO I Oassification I The IS-electron rule 2 (i) The basis of the I8-electron rule p. 4, (ii) Exceptions to the I8-electron rule p. 5 1. TWO-ELECTRON LIGANDS 7 A. Classification 7 B. The preparation of olefin-transition metal complexes 7 (a) Displacement of solvent ligands p. 9, (b) Preparations from metal carbonyls p. 9, (c) Less common preparative routes p. 11, Reductive olefination method p. 12 C. A molecular orbital description of the bonding in orga- metallic complexes 13 (a) General comments p. 13, (b) Symmetry considerations p. 13, (c) Energies of the molecular orbitals p. 14 D. A description of the bonding of 2-electron ligands to transition metals 14 E. General comments of 2-electron ligands 19 (a) Infrared studies p. 20, (b) Effect of olefin substituents p. 21, (c) The rotation of ethylene about the ligand-metal bond p. 22, (d) Chemical properties p. 23 F. Particular complexes of metals with 2-electron ligands 25 (a) Copper, silver and gold p. 25, Complexes with benzene p. 28, (b) Nickel, palladium and platinum p.

Abstract: I. From Autocracy to Democracy: Political Institutions at the End of the Ch’ing Dynasty -- 1. Transformation from Absolute to Constitutional Monarchy -- 2. Causes of the Constitutional Movement -- 3. Preparation for Constitutionalism -- 4. The Principles of Constitution, September 22, 1908 -- 5. The National Legislative Council (Tse-cheng Yuan) -- 6. The Provincial Assembly (Tse-I Chu) -- 7. The Beginning of Local Self-Government -- 8. The Revolution and the Nineteen Articles of November 3, 1911 -- II. Democracy in Experiment: Political Institutions During the Early Republican Period -- 1. Preparations for a Provisional Government -- 2. Analysis of the Organic Law of the Provisional Government -- 3. Inauguration of the Provisional Government at Nanking -- 4. The Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China, March 11, 1912 -- 5. The Change of the Provisional Presidency and the Seat of Government -- 6. The Establishment of Parliament -- 7. The Drafting of the Constitution and the Election of President -- 8. The Judicial System of the New Republic -- 9. The Local Government System -- III. Monarchism vs. Republicanism: Political institutions Under the Dictatorship of Yüan Shih-K’ai -- 1. Yüan Shih-k’ai vs. Constitutional Democracy -- 2. Yüan Shih-k’ai and the Constitutional Compact of 1914 -- 3. The Reorganized National Government Under Yüan Shih-k’ai -- 4. The Local Government System Under Yüan Shih-k’ai -- 5. The Rise and Fall of Yüan’s Monarchial Movement -- IV. Split Between the North and the South: Political Institutions During the Period of Internal Dissensions -- 1. Developments under the Regime in Peking -- 2. The New Parliament and the New Constitutional Draft -- 3. Parliament’s Second Restoration and its Adoption of the 1923 Constitution -- 4. The Constitution-Protecting Government in the Southwest -- 5. The Peking Government Under Provisional Chief Executive Tuan -- 6. The Local Government System -- V. The Nationalist Party in Power: Unification of China Under Kuomintang Programs -- 1. The Reorganization of the Nationalist Party in 1924 -- 2. Basic Principles and Programs of the Nationalist Party -- 3. The Northern Expedition and the Unification of China -- 4. The Beginning of Political Tutelage -- VI. The Five-Power Constitution at Work: Political Institutions During the Period of Political Tutelage -- 1. The National Government Before 1928 -- 2. The National Government Since 1928 -- 3. The National People’s Convention and the Promulgation of the Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China for the Period of Political Tutelage -- 4. Nationalist Efforts to Carry out Party Principles and Programs -- 5. The Preparation for Constitutional Rule in China -- 6. The Local Government System During the Period of Political Tutelage -- VII. Communism Versus Nationalism: The Chinese Communist Party and Soviet Regimes (1921–1945) -- 1. The Formation of Communist Organizations in China -- 2. The First United Front of the Nationalists and Communists -- 3. Armed Uprisings and the Change of Leadership -- 4. The Establishment of Soviet Regimes in China -- 5. The Second United Front and Expansion of the Communist Regimes -- VIII. China at War: Political Institutions During the Period of the Sino-Japanese War -- 1. The Hostilities Between China and Japan -- 2. The Formal Establishment of Chiang Kai-shek’s Leadership -- 3. Wartime Party Alignments -- 4. The Supreme National Defense Council — The Highest Organ of Wartime China -- 5. The Triple-linked Administrative System -- 6. The Wartime National Government -- 7. The People’s Political Council -- 8. The Wartime Local Government -- 9. The Local Representative Bodies -- IX. From the Mainland to Taiwan (Formosa): Political Institutions during the Postwar Period -- 1. Peace Negotiations Through the Political Consultative Conference -- 2. The Convocation of the National Assembly and the Constitution of 1946 -- 3. The Central and Local Governments Under the Constitution of 1946 -- 4. The First Session of the First National Assembly -- 5. The Nationalist Debacle and Retreat to Taiwan -- 6. The National Government in Taiwan -- 7. The Local Government System in Taiwan -- 8. Taiwan Today -- X. The Communist Party in Power: Mao’s Political Thought and the Party Organization -- 1. On the Road to Victory -- 2. The Political Thought and Strategy of Mao Tse-tung -- 3. The Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party and its Guiding Principles -- 4. The Organization and Functions of the Communist Party -- 5. The Communist Youth League -- 6. The Communist Relationship with Minor Political Parties and Mass Organizations -- XI. Fundamental Laws of the People’s Republic: From the Common Program to the Constitution of 1954 -- 1. The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) -- 2. The Common Program of 1949 in the Nature of a Provisional Constitution -- 3. The Central Government System, 1949–1954 -- 4. The Local Government System, 1949–1954 -- 5. The Adoption of the Constitution by the National People’s Congress -- 6. General Principles of the Constitution of 1954 -- XII. The Government of “Democratic Centralism”: Political Institutions under the Constitution of 1954 -- 1. The Present System of Government -- 2. The National People’s Congress -- 3. The Head of the State -- 4. The State Council -- 5. The People’s Courts and Procuratorates -- 6. Local People’s Congresses and Councils -- 7. Self-Government Organs of National Autonomous Areas -- 8. The Communist Government in Action -- Appendices.

Abstract: This book is prepared primarily for students who are interested in studying the constitutional development and government structure of twentieth-century China. Since the emergence of the Chinese consti­ tutional movement at the end of the nineteenth century, political institutions in China have undergone constant changes. The first four chapters treat of constitutional development and government systems from the latter part of the Ch'ing dynasty to the re-unification of China by the Nationalist Party in 1928. The other eight chapters deal with the policies, programs, and institutions of the Nationalist and Commu­ nist governments up to 1962. While treatises on various subjects have been consulted, the sources of this book are chiefly based on the official documents from the collections as indicated in the bibliography. Materials in the first few chapters are partly drawn from my previous works on government and politics in China. Because of the immense scope of the subject and the intricacy of the problems involved, this work is not intended to be exhaustive, but is rather a brief description and discussion of each topic under consideration. As there are many valuable works on China in general as well as on her history and inter­ national relations, I have tried not to cover what has already been dealt with by others. In my presentation of facts and views, I have endeavored to be as objective as possible, personal political convictions notwithstanding.

Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Genesis of the Hymenoptera -- Palaeontological and comparative morphological data. Hypotheses on the origin of the Hymenoptera -- The archaic terrestrial phase -- 3 Genesis of the Lower Hymenoptera (Phytophaga) -- The transition from saprophytic feeding to phytophagy. The exophytic cephoid phase. Modern relicts -- The endophytic cephoid phase. The transition from feeding on normal plant tissues to feeding on galls -- 4 Genesis of the Terebrantia -- The problem of the origin of the first carnivorous Hymenoptera -- Hypotheses on the origin of the Terebrantia -- The transition from phytophagy to zoophagy and the genesis of the Terebrantia -- The archaic inquilinoid phase -- The predatory oöphagous (ectoöphagous) phase -- The parasitic oöphagous (endoöphagous) phase -- The secondary phytophagous (phytoöphagous) phase -- The delayed parasitic (metaparasitic) phase -- The intermediate parasitic (planidial) phase -- The hypermetamorphic parasitic phase -- The polyembryonic parasitic phase -- The passive parasitic (trigonaloid) phase -- The direct parasitic (orthoparasitic) phase -- The imaginai parasitic phase -- 5 Genesis of the Wasps (Vespiformia s. lat.) -- The problem of the origin of the wasps -- Elements of wasp life in the Terebrantia -- The wasp-like (bethyloid) phase page -- The primary wasp (pompiloid) phase -- The secondary wasp (sphecoid) phase -- The third wasp (crabronoid) phase -- The fourth wasp (bembicoid) phase -- The fifth wasp (moneduloid) phase -- The neo-wasp (vespoid) phase -- The hypotheses of Bouvier and his followers on the origin of the instincts of wasps -- 6 Genesis of the Ants (Formicoidea) -- Hypotheses on the origin of the ants. The problem -- The predatory semi-familial phase -- The ectoparasitic semi-familial phase -- The familial ectoparasitic (hemiformicoid) phase -- The primary ant (proformicoid) phase -- The secondary ant (formicoid) phase -- 7 Genesis of the Bees (Apoidea) -- Hypotheses on the origin of the bees. The problem -- The bee-like phase in the vespoid wasps -- The primary bee phase of vespoid type -- The secondary bee phase of vespoid type -- Evolution of the sphecoid wasps and the problem of the genesis of the true bees -- The primary bee phase of sphecoid type and its genesis -- Index of Authors -- Index of Latin Names.

Abstract: The late Professor S. I. Malyshev, who died from a cerebral haemorrhage on 9 May 1967 at the age of 83 in the train while travelling to field work, was one of the foremost European students of the Hymenoptera, in particular of the habits of solitary bees, a subject on which he had published many papers since 1908, mostly in Russian. In 1935 he published an important paper on part of his work, and I helped to edit the publication, which was in English. A few years ago some of my friends in California asked me if I could not persuade him to complete his early paper on solitary bees, offering if necessary to arrange for a translation. When I wrote to Professor Malyshev making this suggestion he no longer had the health to produce a new work, but he sent me a copy of his recent book on the evolution of the Hymenoptera which he thought might be worth trans­ lating. Sir Boris Uvarov was good enough to translate for me the chapter and section headings, and it seemed to both of us that a lot of new ground was covered in a highly original way. The explanation of the changes in behaviour that must have taken place when the simple, plant-feeding saw­ flies developed into highly specialized parasites or into industrious, food­ collecting, social insects such as the ants, bees, and wasps can well be regarded as one of the major challenges to zoologists.

Abstract: I: Background -- I: A Short History of German Socialism -- II: Ideological Development in the Postwar Period -- II: The New Program -- III: How the Program was Adopted -- IV: How the Program was Adopted [continued] -- III: The New Leadership; the New Style -- V: How the Guard was Changed -- VI: How the Guard was Changed (continued) -- VII: The Evolution Completed -- IV: Socialism in the New Europe -- VIII: Conclusions -- Epilogue -- Epilogue -- Appendices.

Abstract: On November 15, 1959, an extraordinary conference of the German Social Democratic Party adopted a new program, one which departed abruptly from the party's ninety-year tradition. One year later, on November 25, 1960, the party conference in regular session applauded the party's new "team," a group of personable candidates headed by Willy Brandt. In the fall of 1961, this team, with Brandt as chancellor candidate, led the SPD in a campaign based on the most modern techniques, many copied frankly from the American presidential campaign of the previous year. This three-fold change of program, leadership, and style was unlike any other in the party's long evolution. I t was the culmination of a conscious effort to adapt the party to chang­ ing times, an effort, in short, to modernize socialism. This development is of obvious interest to the observer of postwar West German politics. The SPD, oldest and formerly strongest of the German political parties, after 1949 became the second party in an essentially three-party system. As such it assumed the unhappy role of apparently perpetual opposition. Its escape from the role would depend to a large extent on the appeal of the new package offered the German voter. The success or failure of the party's effort of modern­ ization would thus greatly affect the subsequent course of German politics.

Abstract: I: The Precedents for United Nations Military Operations -- 1. The UN Action in Korea -- 2. United Nations Truce Supervision Organisation in Palestine (UNTSO) -- 3. United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon (UNOGIL) -- 4. United Nations Emergency Force in the Middle East (UNEF) -- 5. Conclusions -- II: The Historical Background to the Congo Situation -- 1. Historical background of Belgian administration -- 2. Events leading to independence -- 3. Independence and the breakdown of public order -- III: The Factual Context within Which the Basic Resolutions of the Security Council and General Assembly were Made -- 1. The First Phase: 12 July 1960–31 December 1960 -- 2. The Second Phase: 1 January 1961–31 January 1963 -- IV: Constitutional Basis and Effect of the Resolutions Made -- 1. Action by the Security Council — Creation of ONUC -- 2. The Resolutions of the General Assembly -- 3. The role of the Secretary-General under the Charter generally and the specific resolutions -- V: The Functions of ONUC -- 1. To assist the Congolese Government in the restoration and maintenance of law and order -- 2. To assist the Government in restoring and maintaining the territorial integrity and the political independence of the Republic of the Congo -- 3. To prevent the occurrence of civil war in the Congo -- 4. To secure the withdrawal and evacuation from the Congo of all foreign military, para-military and advisory personnel, not under the United Nations Command, and all mercenaries -- VI: The Principles Applied by the Secretary-General to the Operations of the Force -- 1. The Principle of Non-Intervention -- 2. The Principle of Self-Defence -- 3. The Right to Freedom of movement -- VII: Operational Problems Connected with the UN Force -- 1. Methods of raising the Force -- 2. Relations between UN and Contributing States -- 3. Command Structure -- 4. Strategic and political control -- 5. Applicability of the Laws of War -- VIII: Relations between the UN and the “Host” State -- 1. Exclusiveness of UN authority over the Force -- 2. Status of Forces Agreements -- 3. Relations between the UN and Provincial Authorities -- IX: Relations between the UN and Member States Generally -- 1. Expulsion of foreign military, para-military personnel, political advisers and mercenaries -- 2. Unilateral assistance outside UN -- 3. Use of territories -- 4. Economic “Sanctions” -- X: Claims and Responsibility -- 1. Civil Claims -- 2. Criminal Responsibility -- XI: Civilian Relief Operations -- XII: Financing -- 1. The Budget Procedure -- 2. Apportionment of Expenses generally -- 3. Sources of Funds -- 4. Practice followed in relation to ONUC -- 5. Default of payment and the problem of arrears -- 6. Submission of the Finance Question to the I.C.J. -- 7. The Court’s Opinion on the Finance Question -- 8. The question of Suspension -- 9. New Sources of Funds -- XIII: Conclusions -- I. A “Basic Agreement” between the United Nations and the Congolese Government on the Operation of the Force -- II. Agreement between the United Nations and the Republic of the Congo Relating to the Legal Status, Facilities, Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations Organization in the Congo -- III. Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the International Court of Justice.

Abstract: Few episodes in recent history have aroused as much controversy as the United Nations military operations in the Congo. This controversy has no simple, straight-forward, and uniform explanation. Part of the explanation is to be found in the successes and failure of the operation itself; part in its labyrinthine international ramifications. But the most important explanation lies in its significance as a precedent. The ability of the Organization to take "collective measures" to maintain law and order within the territory of a Member State, albeit as a means of preserving international peace, was demonstrated, challenged and criticized. So much has been reported of the details and so varied has been the commentary that only the most intrepid spirit would venture something more with which to detain interested parties. The present study does not pretend to uncover new data so as to complete or correct the his­ torical record; it attempts, rather, to reflect on what has already been brought out and, against that background of factual knowledge, to indi­ cate and examine the legal problems involved. In so doing, it has been necessary to be ruthless in deciding what are central issues and in re­ jecting what is often interesting but probably peripheral.

Abstract: 1. Purpose of Protective Relays and Relaying. Causes of Faults. Definitions. Functions of Protective Relays. Application to a Power System -- 2. Relay Design and Construction. Characteristics. Choice of Measuring Units. Construction of Measuring Units. Construction of Timing Units. Details of Design. Cases. Panel Mounting. Operation Indicators. Finishes -- 3. The Main Characteristics of Protective Relays. Phase and Amplitude Comparators. Relay Characteristics. General Equation for Characteristics. Inversion Chart. Resonance. Appendix -- 4. Overcurrent Protection. Time-Current Characteristics. Application. Limits of Error. Ratings. Directional Overcurrent Protection. A.C. Tripping. Schemes for Radial Feeders. Construction. Application. Problem -- 5. Distance Relays. General Principles. Special Characteristics. Limitations. Application to Lines. Settings. Multi-terminal Lines. Construction. A.C. Potential Supply. Simultaneous Ground Faults. Auto-reclosing Zero Sequence Compensation -- 6. Switched and Polyphase Distance Relays. Reduction of Measuring Units. Automatic Switching Schemes. Polyphase Distance Relays. Phase and Amplitude Comparators. Analysis of Polyphase Comparators -- 7. Directional Pilot Relaying. Basic Principles. Pilot Wire Schemes. Carrier Channel Schemes. Carrier Signal Checking. Future Trends -- 8. A.C. Pilot Relaying. Pilot Wire Schemes. Phase and Amplitude Comparators. Effect of Load Current. Multi-terminal Lines. Pilot Wire Limitations. Pilot Supervision. Phase Comparison Carrier -- 9. Protection of A.C. Machines. Generator Protection. Stator Faults. Rotor Faults. Miscellaneous Faults. Motor Protection. Faults. Unbalanced Conditions. Power Station Auxiliaries. Current Differential Relaying -- 10. Power Transformer Protection. Types of Faults. Gas Relays. Differential Relays. Magnetising Inrush. Minimising of Effects. Relay Solutions. Grounding Transformers. Generator Transformer Units. Transformer Feeders -- 11. Bus-Zone Protection. General Principles. Current Differential Protection. Voltage Differential. Frame Leakage Protection. Directional Comparison. Back-up. Supervision -- 12. Back-Up Protection. Basic Principles. Precautions for Reliability Remote Back-up. Local Back-up. Relay Back-up. Breaker Back-up. A.C. Supplies. D.C. Supply -- 13. Maintenance and Testing of Relays. Commissioning. Periodic Maintenance. Transfer to Test Circuit. Tools. Safety Measures. Mechanical Tests. Electrical Tests. Manufacture Tests -- 14. Miscellaneous. Static Relays. Future of Electromagnetic Relays. D.C. Protection Relays. Protection Engineering as a Career -- References.

Abstract: I. The Unity Theory VS. Socialism in One Country -- From “Proletarian internationalism” to “Socialism in One Country” -- II. The Soviet View of the Socialist World State: Development and Control Factor Aspects -- The Soviet Conception of the Communist Camp Future -- III. A Consideration of Chinese Contributions to “Marxism,” Including “Prolonged Struggle” and “revolutionary Fervor” -- The Chinese Communist View of Permissible and Impermissible “Paths to Socialism” -- IV. The Sino-Soviet Dispute, and Some Implications for the Future of the World Communist Movement -- The Dialectics of Dispute: Tactics and Strategy of Communist Concepts in the Thermonuclear Age -- Unity or Diversity -- Factors Tending Toward Unity in the Communist Camp -- The Breakdown in Communications -- The Changing Political Realities -- The Italian and German Party Congresses, 1962 and 1963 -- Communist Dogma or “Creative Marxism”? -- V. The Soviet Union and East Europe: Conflict, Support and Opposition -- Institutionalized Divergence: The Case of Yugoslavia -- Albania: China’s Window to Europe -- Poland: Nationalism Contained by Territorial Claims -- Hungary: From Repression to Permissiveness? -- Rumania: Path to Economic Independence -- Bulgaria: Unconditional Support for the U.S.S.R. -- Czechoslovakia: Politics take Precedence over Ideology -- East Germany: The Permanent Satellite -- Conclusion -- VI. The International Communist Movement: A Reappraisal of Some Theoretical Concepts.

Abstract: The current conflict which threatens the very existence of the inter­ national communist movement as a single coherent entity must be looked for in the roots of Marxian philosophy. The central concept of pre-Leninist communism is contained in the notion of "proletarian internationalism. " Yet the emergence of the communist party-states has been squarely predicated on the requirements of single national states, as viewed through the training and experience of the various communist leaders. Thus the Soviet version has been shaped by the nationalism of Lenin, Stalin, and Khrushchev. The only aberrant case, the internationalism of Trotsky, was doomed to failure. The Chinese version of "communism" has as its root concepts the spirit of "prolonged" struggle against a superior enemy, whose ultimate defeat is ensured through the dialectics of political growth. The non­ communist societies are by definition "decadent. " The movement came to power by exploiting the nationalism engendered within China by the Japanese invasion. Its mass support was based on the peasantry, although the transparent fiction of "proletarian leadership" was strictly maintained. Further, "communism" is a term which has lost its original encompassing definition. Peking now narrowly defines it as policies consonant with "the thought of Mao Tse-tung. " Thus both the Soviet and the Chinese interpretation of "commun­ ism" are based on a concept which was anathema to the intellectual founders of the movement.

Abstract: A Note on Soviet Alloy Designations -- I The Phenomenon of Passivity in Metals -- Definition of Passivity -- Mechanism and Theory of Passivity -- Electrochemical Methods for Investigating Passivity -- Anodic Potentiostatic Charge Curves -- Anodic Galvanostatic Charge Curves -- Cathodic Reduction Curves -- Study of Potential Drop Curves -- Measurement of the Double-Layer Capacity -- Study of the Kinetics of Electrode Processes Under the Action of Alternating Currents -- Investigation of the Nature and Structure of Passive Films. -- Optical Method -- Electron Diffraction -- Microchemical Method for Determining Film Composition -- Kinetics of the Anodic Processes -- Anodic Processes on a Passive Electrode -- Method of Plotting Potentiostatic Curves -- II Passive Systems -- Active State -- Passive-Active State -- Spontaneously Stable Passive State -- Pitting Formation -- The Transpassive State and Secondary Passivity -- Construction of Corrosion Rate-Potential Curves -- III Basic Principles for Increasing the Corrosion Resistance of Alloys by Increasing Their Passivity -- Inhibiting the Anodic Process -- Reduction of Corrosion in Passive Systems by Increasing the Effectiveness of the Cathodic Process -- IV Anodic Protection -- Anodic Protection of Stainless Steels -- Anodic Protection of Carbon Steels -- Anodic Protection of Titanium -- Practical Application of Anodic Protection -- Prospects for the Development of Anodic Protection -- V Passivation of Metals by Contact with Cathodes -- Use of Cathodic Protectors -- Cathodic Coatings -- of Cations of Electropositive Metals into the Corrosive Medium -- VI Passivation of Metals by the Introduction of Oxidizers into the Corrosion Medium -- Mechanism of the Protective Effect of Oxidizing Inhibitors -- Nature of the Oxidizing Inhibitor -- Effect of the Metal and Aggressiveness of the Medium -- References.

Abstract: Considerable progress has been made in the past 20 years toward understanding the basic mechanisms of corrosion, and the application of this knowledge to its control. From the very beginning, educational institutions and industrial research laboratories have contributed greatly toward determining and elucidating the fundamental principles of corrosion reactions. Some of the basic principles involved in cor­ rosion of metals can be credited to early investigators. Michael Faraday in 1830-1840 studied the relationship between the quantity of a metal dissolved and the electric current which was produced by this reaction. He also proposed that the passivation of iron was through the formation of a film and that the dissolution of a metal was electro­ chemical in nature. Sir Humphrey Davy in 1824 worked out the funda­ mentals of galvanic corrosion of ships' hulls and applied sacrificial zinc anodes to protect them from sea water corrosion. Richard Arlie in 1847 demonstrated that corrosion produced by oxygen at the surface of iron in a flowing stream generated a current. With the fundamental knowledge available to him from these early investigators, Willis Rodney Whitney developed and expressed, in its most useful form, one of the basic scientific principles which provides modern corrosion specialists with a fundamental basis of corrosion control. Dr. Whitney concluded that corrosion of iron is electrochemical, and that the rate is simply a function of the electromotive force and resistance of the circuit.

Abstract: I. Communism in its Malaysian Setting -- Historical and Social Background -- Constitutional Contrasts -- The Chinese and Communal Problems -- The Nationalist Movement -- The Rise of Communism -- II. Singapore -- Post-War Communist Policy -- The Question of “Merger” -- The Communist Front Complex -- The Anti-Communist Drive -- New Communist Initiatives -- The Effect of Secession -- III. Malaya -- The Socialist Front and its Allies -- The Border Rebels -- The “Malayan National Liberation League” -- The Clash between Singapore and Kuala Lumpur and its Effects -- IV. Sarawak -- The “Clandestine Communist Organization” -- The Sarawak United Peoples Party -- The Chinese Community: its Problems and Aspirations -- The CCO-SUPP Axis -- The Problem of Chinese Education -- The New Communist Offensive and Government Counter-Measures -- The Strains in SUPP and the Pattern of Communal Politics -- The Effect of Singapore’s Secession and Continuing Confrontation -- V. Sabah and Brunei -- Communal and Political Patterns in Sabah -- Indonesian Subversion -- Sabah’s Future -- Brunei and Azahari’s Rebellion -- Communism in Brunei Today -- VI. Between Djakarta and Peking -- “Confrontation”: its Origins and Influence -- The Dynamics of Indonesian Expansionism -- “Gestapu” and the Shift to Peking -- VII. Conclusion: A Look Ahead -- Malaysian Communism: Appeals and Obstacles -- The Pattern of Recent Events.

Abstract: Although in the past few years occasional brief monographs on se­ lected aspects of the Communist movement in some parts of the Singapore-Malaysian area have been published, a comprehensive booklength study has not appeared thus far. The present volume is an initial step in that direction. It is, in the main, a political survey which has taken account of social and economic factors only when the par­ ticular focus of the book demanded it. Since most of what has been written up till now about Communism in Singapore and Malaysia has concerned itself with the Malayan guerilla insurgency and its various ramifications in the late forties and fifties, the following pages have placed primary emphasis on events in the last five years, especially on the period since the formation of the Federation of Malaysia on Sep­ tember 16, 1963. The absence, moreover, ofa formal "above ground" Malaysian Communist Party today has of necessity structured this inquiry in terms of the operations of various shifting Communist fronts and their relationship to the problems of the present Singapore and Malaysian political environment upon which they feed. Communism in Malaysia today, as Malaysian security officials whom this writer interviewed, repeatedly emphasized, is a matter of scattered eruptions and comparatively isolated front activity with few if any inter-organizational linkages. Research certainly confirms a picture of a rather fragmented movement. Along with Malaysia's geographic peculiarities this circumstance has dictated a region by region approach in the following pages.

Abstract: I. Linear Approximation -- § 1. The General Linear Approximation Problem -- § 2. Dense Systems -- § 3. General Theory of Linear Tchebycheff Approximation -- § 4. Special Tchebycheff Approximations -- § 5. Estimating the Magnitude of Error in Trigonometric and Polynomial Approximation -- § 6. Approximation by Polynomials and Related Functions -- § 7. Numerical Methods for Linear Tchebycheff Approximation -- II. Non-linear Approximation -- § 8. General Theory of Non-linear Tchebycheff Approximation -- § 9. Rational Approximation -- § 10. Exponential Approximation -- § 11. Segment Approximation.

Abstract: for example, the so-called Lp approximation, the Bernstein approxima­ tion problem (approximation on the real line by certain entire functions), and the highly interesting studies of J. L. WALSH on approximation in the complex plane. I would like to extend sincere thanks to Professor L. COLLATZ for his many encouragements for the writing of this book. Thanks are equally due to Springer-Verlag for their ready agreement to my wishes, and for the excellent and competent composition of the book. In addition, I would like to thank Dr. W. KRABS, Dr. A. -G. MEYER and D. SCHWEDT for their very careful reading of the manuscript. Hamburg, March 1964 GUNTER MEINARDUS Preface to the English Edition This English edition was translated by Dr. LARRY SCHUMAKER, Mathematics Research Center, United States Army, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, from a supplemented version of the German edition. Apart from a number of minor additions and corrections and a few new proofs (e. g. , the new proof of JACKSON'S Theorem), it differs in detail from the first edition by the inclusion of a discussion of new work on comparison theorems in the case of so-called regular Haar systems (§ 6) and on Segment Approximation (§ 11). I want to thank the many readers who provided comments and helpful suggestions. My special thanks are due to the translator, to Springer-Verlag for their ready compliance with all my wishes, to Mr.

Abstract: Première Séance / First Session -- Discours d’ouverture du Président de la Fédération -- Rapport du Secrétaire général -- Rapport financier du Trésorier -- Report of UNESCO’s Division of Libraries, Documentation and Archives -- Report of FID -- Deuxième Séance / Second Session -- Libraries and documentation / Les bibliothèques et la documentation -- Troisième Séance / Third Session -- Communications et résolutions des Sections et Commissions -- Communications du Bureau exécutif -- Discours de clôture du Président -- Report of the Joint Meeting of FID and IFLA Officers and Committee Chairmen.

Abstract: III Applying Scientific Ideas -- 9. Explanation -- 10. Prediction -- 11. Action -- IV Testing Scientific Ideas -- 12. Observation -- 13. Measurement -- 14. Experiment -- 15. Concluding -- Author Index.

Abstract: This volume is a logical sequel of Volume I, The Search for System: indeed, it concerns the ways theoretical systems are put to work and subjected to test. Yet it can be read independently by anyone familiar with some factual theories, referring back to Volume I when necessary. Special Symbols AS;B the set A is included in the set B AvB the union of the sets A and B AnB the common part of the sets A and B aEB the individual a is in (or belongs to) the set A Card (A) cardinality (numerosity) of the set A AxB Cartesian product of the sets A and B en(A) consequence(s) of the set A of assumptions equals by definition =dt definition Dt· some x (or there is at least one x such that) (3 x) e empirical datum e* translation of e into a semiempirical, semitheoreticallanguage h hypothesis m(r) measured value of the degree r m(;) average (or mean) value of a set of measured values of ,; P-jT T presupposes P p, q arbitrary (unspecified) propositions (statements) P(x) x has the property P (or x is a P) {xl P(x)} set of the x such that every x is a P pVq p and/or q (inclusive disjunction) p &q p and q (conjunction) p-+q if p, then q (conditional or implication) p if and only if q (biconditional or equivalence) p-q sum over i 2:; t theorem, testable consequence.

Abstract: I. Radical, Liberal, and Socialist Interpretations -- Radicalism, Liberalism, and Foreign Policy -- Socialist Origins and Socialist Alternatives -- II. The Beginnings of Labour’s Foreign Policy -- The New Liberalism -- The Rise of the Labour Party -- The Labour Party and Foreign Policy Before the First World War -- Labour, Socialism, and the First World War -- III. Labour’s Plan for the Peace -- Leonard Woolf and a Fabian Plan -- Towards International Government: Hobson and Brailsford -- The Socialist Organizations and a League of Nations -- Woodrow Wilson and British Labour -- Further Development of Labour’s Plans for the Peace -- The Labour Party at the Close of the First World War -- IV. After the Peace -- Labour and the Peace Settlement -- Labour and Post-War Europe -- Secret Diplomacy, Armaments, and Other International Problems -- A General Election and a New Government -- The Labour Government and European Problems -- The Labour Government and the League of Nations -- The End of the First Labour Government -- The Record of the First Labour Government -- V. Lost Opportunities -- Labour and Locarno -- A Post-Mortem on the Late Government -- The Question of Disarmament -- Great Britain and the Soviet Union -- Great Britain, the United States, and the Kellogg-Briand Pact -- Other Aspects of British Foreign Policy -- The Indictment and the Verdict -- VI. The Second Labour Government -- Anglo-Soviet Problems -- Great Britain, France and Germany -- Security Through Arbitration -- The Problem of Disarmament -- Labour and International Organization -- New European Problems -- The End of the Second Labour Government -- VII. Socialist Ideology and Labour’s Foreign Policy -- Liberal Principles and Labour’s Foreign Policy -- Socialist Principles and Labour’s Foreign Policy -- Ideology and Foreign Policy -- Selected Bibliography.

Abstract: This book is intended as a contribution to the study of the relation of political ideas and governmental policies. It seeks to examine and evaluate the British Labour Party's early efforts to apply socialist theories to foreign policy actions. Since I have focused on these ideas and events, I have not attempted to take into account happenings on the British domestic front that, though important to the Labour Party and the trade unions, did not directly affect foreign policy. Nor are matters of imperial or Commonwealth policy considered, except as they relate to the development of socialist theories and interpretations or as they influenced Great Britain's relations with other independent states. I must express my appreciation for their assistance to Drs. Malcolm Moos, Thomas 1. Cook, and Carl B. "Swisher, under whose direction this project first began at the Johns Hopkins University; to Mrs. E. Rickman of the Labour Party's Library and to Mrs. Gladys D. Cremer of the Fabian Society, for access to various Labour and socialist ma­ terials; to the Rutgers University Research Council for grants in support of some of the research; and to Mrs. Edward Teifeld and Mrs. Boris Pritsky for the wearisome efforts of typing various versions of the manuscript. The responsibility for errors is, of course, mine. The book is dedicated to my wife Marilyn, who aided so greatly in its preparation, not least by a tactful and appropriate balance of patience and impatience.

Abstract: I. Signs and Symbols. The Linguistic Sign -- II. The Communication Process -- III. Preliminary Expression Analysis. Acoustic and Physiological Variables. Information -- IV. Segmentation. Forms of Expression. Oppositions and Distinctions. Paradigmatic Structures -- V. Redundancy and Relevancy. Levels of Abstraction -- VI. The Distinctive Feature Concept. The Binary Choice -- VII. Syntagmatic Structures. Distribution and Probability -- VIII. Content Analysis -- IX. The Functions of Language -- X. Perception and Linguistic Interpretation -- XI. Primitive Structures and Defective Language -- XII. Linguistic Change -- Bibliographical Notes -- Author Index.

Abstract: The point of departure of this general survey of modern structural linguistics is the place of language in human relations. Linguistics will consequently be understood as a science of communication. My book is not intended as an elementary handbook. The readers are supposed to be in the first place advanced students of linguistics and phonetics and of neighbouring fields where a real awareness of linguistic methods and problems is essential (such as psychology, phoniatrics, speech therapy, language teaching, communication engineering). The book may, however, be of some value also for the general reader who is interested in language, in language learning, or in communication processes. It might finally serve as an introduction to structural theories and practice for those linguists of traditional orientation who would like to make contact with the new trends in the study of language. It is self-evident that, under such circumstances, any reader will find certain chapters in this book rather complicated, others irritatingly elementary. This is, however, unavoidable in a work whose aim is to cover a vast field of knowledge and to offer the reader a synthesis of what appears at first sight to be widely disparate facts and phenomena. Many of the facts brought together here may, regarded superficially, seem to have few or no mutual connections. They can, nevertheless, be combined into a wide humanistic and scientific unity within which numerous lines of relationship bind together physical and psychic, individual and social phenomena.

Abstract: Brief -- Letter -- Late Adolescence. A Lying Fallow Period of Consolidation -- Situation, Jetztsein, Psychose -- Immanuel Kant über das Problem der abnormen Persönlichkeit -- Phenomenology and Psychiatry: The Need for a “Subjective Method” in the Scientific Study of Human Behavior -- The Lightness of Fireworks -- Anthropodology: Man A-foot -- On Becoming a Mother -- Three Olympic Champions -- Anthropological Psychology and Behavioristic Animal Experimentation -- Zu Freuds Abhandlung über das Unheimliche -- Über vitale und intentionale Bedeutungsgehalte -- Sense and Sensibility: Notes toward a Psychological Psychology -- Die Entdeckung der ästhetischen Dimension in der Phänomenologie von Erwin Straus -- Wish and Intentionality -- Der Preis eines menschlichen Lebens -- Anonymity and Recognition: Toward an Ontology of Social Roles -- Medicine, Philosophy and Man’s Infirmity -- Der Mensch als fragendes Wesen -- On the Motility of the Ego -- Sinngestalten des Leidens und des Hoffens -- Man as a Responsible Agent.

Abstract: 1 Elementary Concepts of Specific Heats -- 1.1. Definitions -- 1.2. Thermodynamics of Simple Systems -- 1.3. Difference Between Cp and Cv -- 1.4. Variation of Specific Heats with Temperature and Pressure -- 1.5. Statistical Calculation of Specific Heats -- 1.6. Different Modes of Thermal Energy -- 1.7. Calorimetry -- 2 Lattice Heat Capacity -- 2.1. Dulong and Petit’s Law -- 2.2. Equipartition Law -- 2.3. Quantum Theory of Specific Heats -- 2.4. Einstein’s Model -- 2.5. Debye’s Model -- 2.6. Comparison of Debye’s Theory with Experiments -- 2.7. Shortcomings of the Debye Model -- 2.8. The Born-Von Kármán Model -- 2.9. Calculation of g(v) -- 2.10. Comparison of Lattice Theory with Experiments -- 2.11. Debye ? in Other Properties of Solids -- 3 Electronic Specific Heat -- 3.1. Specific Heat of Metals -- 3.2. Quantum Statistics of an Electron Gas -- 3.3. Specific Heat of Electrons in Metals -- 3.4. Electronic Specific Heat at Low Temperatures -- 3.5. Specific Heat and Band Structure of Metals -- 3.6. Specific Heat of Alloys -- 3.7. Specific Heat of Semiconductors -- 3.8. Phenomenon of Superconductivity -- 3.9. Specific Heat of Superconductors -- 3.10. Recent Studies -- 4 Magnetic Contribution to Specific Heats -- 4.1. Thermodynamics of Magnetic Materials -- 4.2. Types of Magnetic Behavior -- 4.3. Spin Waves—Magnons -- 4.4. Spin Wave Specific Heats -- 4.5. The Weiss Model for Magnetic Ordering -- 4.6. The Heisenberg and Ising Models -- 4.7. Specific Heats Near the Transition Temperature -- 4.8. Paramagnetic Relaxation -- 4.9. Schottky Effect -- 4.10. Specific Heat of Paramagnetic Salts -- 4.11. Nuclear Schottky Effects -- 5 Heat Capacity of Liquids -- 5.1. Nature of the Liquid State -- 5.2. Specific Heat of Ordinary Liquids and Liquid Mixtures -- 5.3. Liquid 4He at Low Temperatures -- 5.4. Phonon and Roton Specific Heats -- 5.5. Transition in Liquid 4He -- 5.6. Specific Heat of Liquid 3He -- 5.7. Liquid 3He as a Fermi Liquid -- 5.8. Mixtures of 4He and 3He -- 5.9. Supercooled Liquids—Glasses -- 6 Specific Heats of Gases -- 6.1. Cp and Cv of a Gas -- 6.2. Classical Theory of Cv of Gases -- 6.3. Quantum Theory of Cv of Gases -- 6.4. Rotational Partition Function -- 6.5. Homonuclear Molecules—Isotopes of Hydrogen -- 6.6. Vibrational and Electronic Specific Heats -- 6.7. Calorimetric and Statistical Entropies—Disorder in Solid State -- 6.8. Hindered Rotation -- 6.9. Entropy of Hydrogen -- 7 Specific-Heat Anomalies -- 7.1. Spurious and Genuine Anomalies -- 7.2. Cooperative and Noncooperative Anomalies -- 7.3. Order-Disorder Transitions -- 7.4. Onset of Molecular Rotation -- 7.5. Ferroelectricity -- 7.6. Transitions in Rare-Earth Metals -- 7.7. Liquid-Gas Critical Points -- 7.8. Models of Cooperative Transitions -- 8 Miscellaneous Problems in Specific Heats -- 8.1. Specific Heat Near Phase Transitions -- 8.2. Specific Heat at Saturated Vapor Pressure -- 8.3. Relaxation of Rotational and Vibrational Specific Heats -- 8.4. Defects in Solids -- 8.5. Surface Effects -- 8.6. Compilations of Specific-Heat Data -- 8.7. Tabulations of Specific-Heat Functions -- Appendix (Six-Figure Tables of Einstein and Debye Internal-Energy and Specific-Heat Functions) -- Author Index.

Abstract: This work was begun quite some time ago at the University of Oxford during the tenure of an Overseas Scholarship of the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 and was completed at Banga­ lore when the author was being supported by a maintenance allowance from the CSIR Pool for unemployed scientists. It is hoped that significant developments taking place as late as the beginning of 1965 have been incorporated. The initial impetus and inspiration for the work came from Dr. K. Mendelssohn. To him and to Drs. R. W. Hill and N. E. Phillips, who went through the whole of the text, the author is obliged in more ways than one. For permission to use figures and other materials, grateful thanks are tendered to the concerned workers and institutions. The author is not so sanguine as to imagine that all technical and literary flaws have been weeded out. If others come across them, they may be charitably brought to the author's notice as proof that physics has become too vast to be comprehended by a single onlooker. E. S. RAJA GoPAL Department of Physics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 12, India November 1965 v Contents Introduction ................................................................. .

Abstract: Environmental Health: Everybody’s Business -- Man’s Relationship to His Thermal Environment -- Man’s Relationship to His Sensory Environment — Hearing and Vision -- Atmospheric Ecology I: The Confined Ambient — The Dirty Nest -- Atmospheric Ecology II: The Troubled Outdoors -- Atmospheric Ecology III: Remedial Atmospheres -- Panel Discussion I: The Environmental Spectrum — Today -- Man and His Thermal Environment -- Acoustical Aspects of the Environmental Spectrum -- Odor in Man’s Environment -- The Sensory Environmental Spectrum -- The Relationship of Man to Microbe -- Panel Discussion II: The Environmental Spectrum — Tomorrow -- Ionizing Radiation -- The Medical Environmental Spectrum -- Air Pollution Control -- The Toxic Environment -- Urban Area Environmental Spectrum -- Man and His Environment: Where Are We? Where Are We Going? -- Contributors.

Abstract: This symposium was a joint effort, co-sponsored by Northwestern University and Borg-Warner Corporation and included representatives of the latter-day estates of univerSity, industry, and government. All of these groups were deeply interested in participating, since the problems of man and his environment, especially his urban environ­ ment, are ones which can be solved only through a cooperative effort. The symposium proceedings present a review of the present position of man and his environment and outline the physical and social-science efforts being made to solve the problems posed by man's rapidly changing environment. The format of this book is such that Dr. Luther L. Terry's speech, "Environmental Health: Every­ body's Business," serves as an introduction to the many-faceted dis­ cussions on the interactions of man and his environment. Mr. P. B. Gordon's speech "Man and His Environment - Where Are We? Where Are We Going"?" aptly summarizes this symposium and serves this purpose in this publication. Every effort was exerted to make this symposium a general dis­ cussion meeting where contributions from both the formal speakers and the audience were received. The records of two panel discussions, including comments from the floor and replies by the speakers, are included in this volume. This publication is the result of the coordinated efforts of many contributors: the speakers, Northwestern University, Borg-Warner Corporation, the Symposium Planning Committee consisting of D. W.

Abstract: 1 Classical atomic, theory and interatomic binding -- 2 Quantum mechanics and band theory -- 3 Statistical mechanics -- 4 Semiconductors in thermodynamic equilibrium -- 5 Current flow in semiconductors -- 6 Semiconductors in non-equilibrium conditions -- 7 Current flow across semiconductor junctions -- 8 Minority carrier transistors -- 9 Space-charge-limited currents in semiconductors and insulators Majority carrier transistors -- Appendices -- II Common-emitter characteristics -- III The transistor as a charge controlled device. Circuit problems.

Abstract: This book is intended as an introduction to the application of physical theory to the study of semiconductors and transistor devices. The book is based on lecture courses given by the authors to second and third year honours students in the Electronics Department of Southampton University, England. Some elementary knowledge of physics, circuit theory, and vector methods is assumed. The book deals almost exc1u­ sively with the theoretical aspects, but references are given to experi­ mental work. The first two chapters discuss c1assical atomic theory and quantum mechanical applications to electron energy levels in atoms, in particular the hydrogen atom, and in one-dimensional crystalline solids leading to the distinctions between metals, insulators, and semiconductors. Chapter 3 deals with statistical mechanics in some detail, so that the reader can appreciate the historical background leading to the Fermi­ Dirac statistics for electrons in metals and semiconductors, and in chapter 4 these statistics are applied to determine the current carrier density in various types of semiconductor. Equations for drift and diffusion currents are obtained in chapter 5, and the results applied to uiliform and graded impurity semiconductors in chapter 6. Current flow across p-n junctions is analysed in chapter 7, and the p-n-p transistor theory is developed in chapter 8. The discussion is limited to p-n-p transistors, but similar results apply for the n-p-n transistor.

Abstract: I. The Higher Mental Functions and Their Organization In The Brain -- 1. The Problem of Localization of Functions in the Cerebral Cortex -- 2. Modern Data on the Structural Organization of the Cerebral Cortex -- 3. Disturbances of the Higher Mental Functions in the Presence of Local Brain Lesions -- II. Disturbances of the Higher Cortical Functions in the Presence of Local Brain Lesions -- 1. Some Functional Investigative Problems -- 2. Disturbances of Higher Cortical Functions with Lesions of the Temporal Region -- 3. Disturbances of Higher Cortical Functions with Lesions of the Occipital and Occipitoparietal Regions -- 4. Disturbances of Higher Cortical Functions with Lesions of the Sensorimotor Regions -- 5. Disturbances of Higher Cortical Functions with Lesions of the Frontal Region -- III. Methods of investigating the Higher Cortical Functions in Local Brain Lesions (Syndrome Analysis) -- 1. Objectives of Clinicopsychological Investigation of Higher Cortical Functions in the Presence of Local Brain Lesions -- 2. The Preliminary Conversation -- 3. Investigation of Motor Functions -- 4. Investigation of Acoustico-Motor Coordination -- 5. Investigation of the Higher Cutaneous and Kinesthetic Functions -- 6. Investigation of the Higher Visual Functions -- 7. Investigation of Speech Functions. Receptive Speech -- 8. Investigation of Speech Functions. Expressive Speech -- 9. Investigation of Writing and Reading -- 10. Investigation of Arithmetical Skill -- 11. Investigation of Mnestic Processes -- 12. Investigation of Intellectual Processes -- Conclusion -- Russian -- Non-Russian -- Author Index.

Abstract: This full-length translation of Professor Luria's book introduces to the English­ speaking world a major document in neuropsychology, summarizing Professor Luria's earlier contributions to that area for nearly a third of a century. It is a monumental contribution. Nothing of this scope exists in the Western literature of this field, with the possible exception of Ajuriaguerra and Hecaen's book (in French) on the cerebral cortex. Professor Luria's book thus marks a further and decisive step toward the eventual coalescence of neurology and psychology, a goal to which only a few laboratories in the East and West have been devoted over the last decades. The book is unique in its organization. The first half deals with observations and interpretations concerning the major syndromes of man's left cerebral hemisphere: those grievous distortions of higher functions traditionally described as aphasia, agnosia, and apraxia. There is also a detailed and brilliant analysis of the syndrome of massive frontal-lobe involvement. The entire second half of the book is given over to a painstaking description of Professor Luria's tests, many of them introduced by himself, and set out in such detail that anyone could repeat them and thus verify Professor Luria's interpretations.

Abstract: I. The Evolution of the Treaty-Making Power in the British Commonwealth of Nations -- Introductory -- 1. Developments before 1914 -- 2. Developments during World War I -- 3. Developments in the Interwar Period -- 4. Developments after World War II -- II. The Evolution of the Treaty-Making Power in the Commonwealth of Australia -- Introductory -- 1. Developments prior to Federation -- 2. Federation of the Commonwealth of Australia -- 3. Early Developments after federation -- 4. Developments after World War I -- 5. The Status of the Commonwealth after World War II -- III. Constitutional Framework -- 1. Constitutional Provisions -- 2. Discussion of Constitutional Amendments -- 3. Conclusions -- IV. The Prerogatives of the Crown and Treaty-Making -- (i) The Crown as a Juristic Entity -- (ii) The Prerogative of Peace and War -- (iii) The Prerogative of Treaty-Making as an Executive Act -- (iv) The doctrine of indivisibility -- V. Negotiation and Conclusion -- (i) Appointment of Australian Plenipotentiaries -- (ii) Negotiation of Treaties -- (iii) Consultation of State Governments by the Federal Executive -- (iv) Cabinet approval and the Competence of the Minister of State for External Affairs -- (v) Issuance of Full Powers -- (vi) Issuance of Full Powers in the case of “Heads of States” Treaties -- (vii) Signature of the Australian Representative -- VI. Ratification and Implementation -- Introductory -- VII. Treaty Implementation and Constitutional Limitations -- 1. International Law and Australian Municipal Law -- 2. Judicial interpretation of the “External Affairs” Clause -- 3. Constitutional limitations upon the power to conclude treaties -- VIII. The Competence of the States in “External Affairs” -- (i) State representation abroad -- (ii) State and United Kingdom relations -- (iii) State Reciprocity Legislation -- (iv) State Legislation and Treaty Implementation -- IX. Federalism, Constitutionalism, and Internationalism -- Appendices -- Selected Bibliography.

Abstract: In the relation of states, treaties are a matter of great importance. The law of treaties and the study of treaty-making procedures in municipal law systems have become both from a theoretical and practical point of view, subjects of increasing interest. The United Nations Legal Committee as well as the International Law Commission have published studies concerned with the relationship of international law and municipal law, emphasizing national practices concerning the conclusion of treaties. In the case of some countries, such as Great Britain and the United States, numerous studies of treaty­ making problems have been made, but much less has been published in the case of many other countries such as Australia, Canada or India. In the case of Australia, research on treaty-making has resulted in comparatively few published articles in scholarly and legal journals and only a few comments in general legal treatises. But no comprehen­ sive legal analysis of the subject has as yet appeared. This study aims to present a comprehensive survey and analysis of actual treaty­ making procedures and practices in Australia against the setting of the relevant constitutional and other legal norms of the Australian political system. The analysis of treaty-making will consider both normative and empirical legal aspects. Basic constitutional norms, legal principles derived from common and constitutional law and statutes will be discussed, as well as the actual practices and procedures used in the exercise of the treaty-making power.

Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Historical sketch -- 1.2. Language as a mass phenomenon — ‘Quantity Survey’ of language -- 1.3. Chance as a factor of linguistic expression and language structure -- 1.4. Structuralism and statistical linguistics -- 1.5. Language as choice and chance -- 1.6. De Saussure’s ‘Principe Linéaire’ and geometrical duality -- 1.7. Literary statistics, a new branch of applied statistics -- 1.8. Plan of the book -- I. Language as Chance I — Statistical Linguistics -- 2. Stability of Linguistic Distributions -- 3. Explanation of Stability of Linguistic Distributions -- 4. Application of the Theory of Stability of Alphabetic Distributions to a Problem of Language Mixture -- II. Language as Choice I — Stylostatistics -- 5. Style as a Statistical Concept -- 6. Word Count Mathematics -- 7. Style Relationships — Bi-Variate Stylostatistics -- 8. A Guide to Stylo-statistical Investigations -- III. Language as Chance II — Optimal Systems of Language Structure -- III.(A) Combinatorics on the Phonemic (Alphabetic) Level -- 9. The Combinatorial Structure of Words -- 10. Optimality of the Word-Length Distribution -- 11. Combinatorics applied to Problems of Classical Poetry -- III.(B) Combinatorics on the Lexicon Level -- 12. Random Partitioning of Vocabulary — Vocabulary Connectivity -- 13. The Generalised Random Partitioning Function and Stylostatistics -- 14. The “New Statistics” on the Vocabulary Level -- III.(C) Information Theory -- 15. Principles of Information Theory -- 16. Information-Theoretical Analysis as a Tool of Linguistic Research -- 17. Language Translations as Bi-Variate Distributions of Coding Symbols -- IV. Language as Choice II — Linguistic Duality -- 18. The Four-fold Root of Linguistic Duality -- 19. Duality as Correcting Factor — Inadequacy of Truly SeiologicCodes -- 20. Duality and Language Translation -- V. Statistics for the Language Seminary -- V.(A) Statistics of Language in the Mass -- 21. Descriptive Statistics -- 22. Statistical Inference — The Binomial Case -- 23. Statistical Inference in the Case of Multiple Classification of Events -- 24. Theory of Correlation -- V. (B) Statistics of Language in the Line -- 25. The Dimension of Time in Language Statistics -- 26. Linguistic Duality and ‘Parity’ -- Appendix — A Survey of Past and Present-day Statistical Linguistics -- Author Index.

Abstract: In trying to give an account of the statistical properties of language, one is faced with the problem of having to find the common thread which would show the many and multifarious forms of language statistic- embodied in scattered papers written by linguists, philosophers, mathe­ maticians, engineers, each using his own professional idiom - as belong­ ing to one great whole: quantitative linguistics. This means that the investigator has to find the system of this branch of science which would enable him to arrange the vast material in an orderly fashion, and present it as an organic whole. Such a system is conceived in this book, as comprising the following disciplines as the four main branches of literary statistics: Statistical Linguistics, Stylostatistics, Optimal Systems of Language Structure, and Linguistic Duality (Parts I-IV). The Introduction is meant to define the position of the book with regard to both, linguistics and statistics.

Abstract: I. Biographical sketch -- II, Philosophical viewpoint -- III. Chinese conditions -- IV. Democratic revolution -- V. Socialist revolution -- VI. State and government -- VII. The Communist party -- VIII. Nationalism and internationalism -- IX. Sino-Soviet ideological conflict -- Conclusions.

Abstract: A proper examination of the world political situation makes it necessary to consider the fact of the increasing importance of Commu­ nist China in world affairs. It seems that this big and ancient country expects to be considered not only as the most important country of Asia, not to say of the communist world, but as one of the great powers of the second half of this century. Being one of the largest countries in the world, with a larger popu­ lation than that of the United States and the Soviet Union combined (the two recognized powers of this era), China plays a significant role in world affairs at the same time that she tries to challenge the leader­ ship of communism. As the years have passed and Communist China has been kept out of the United Nations, her attitude has changed to such a point that one fears the possibility of her forming a new organi­ zation that may evolve in rivalry with the work of the United Nations. Therefore, there is a deservedly great concern about the way China conducts her international policy. Under these circumstances, it goes without saying that it is important to ascertain the kind of political thought that has motivated Commu­ nist leaders in China, and the ultimate goal of their revolutionary movement, which has been for some time now responsible for dangerous situations in the Far East and in other areas of the world.

Abstract: Time Dependent Evolution Equations in a Locally Convex Space -- On a Map from a Function Space to a Hyperspace -- Invariant Metrics -- Über den Index abgeschlossener Operatoren in Banachräumen. II. -- Complementary Inequalities. III: Inequalities Complementary to Schwarz’s Inequality in Hilbert Space -- Von Klassen konvexer Körper erzeugte Hilberträume -- Kommutative symmetrische Operatorenalgebren in Pontryaginschen Räumen ?k -- Invariante positiv definite Klassenfunktionen und ergodische Maße -- Integration und holomorphe Funktionen in lokalbeschränkten Räumen -- Eine Mandelbrojtsche Formel zur Bestimmung von Punkten aus dem Spektrum eines beschränkten Operators -- Quasi-interior Points and the Extension of Linear Functionals -- Eindeutige Hahn-Banach-Erweiterungen -- Équations Hyperboliques Non-Strictes: Contre-Exemples, du Type de Giorgi, aux Théorèmes d’Existence et d’Unicité -- Ratios of Laplace Transforms, Mikusi?ski Operational Calculus -- Heredity of Tensor Products of Topological Algebras -- Wave Operators and Similarity for Some Non-selfadjoint Operators -- Nonlinear Operators in Banach Spaces -- Über die Einbettung der nuklearen Räume in (8)?. -- Über das Randspektrum positiver Operatoren -- A Spectral Theory for Certain Operators on a Direct Sum of Hilbert Spaces -- Variations on a Theme by Mikhlin -- Some Examples of Normed Köthe Spaces -- On a Generalization of the Köthe Coordinated Spaces -- A Representation Theorem for Positive Functionals on Involution Algebras.

Abstract: of Volume 2 -- Ferrous Powder Metallurgy -- Some Aspects of the Sintering of Iron Powder -- The Mechanism of Sintering of ?-Iron -- Alpha and Gamma Phase Sintering of Carbonyl and Other Iron Powders -- Investigation of the Activated Sintering of Iron Powder -- The Use of Byproduct Steel Powder from Ball-Bearing Production in Powder Metallurgy -- The Corrosion Resistance of Sintered Austenitic Stainless Steel -- Dispersion Strengthening -- Dispersion-Strengthened Nickel by Compaction and Rolling of Powder Produced by Pressure Hydrometallurgy -- On the Mechanisms of Plastic Deformation of SAP-Type Alloys -- Electron Microscopy of SAP Following Tensile Deformation or Quenching -- Damage and Diffusion in Aluminum and an Al-Al2O3 Alloy Following Bombardments with Oxygen or Inert Gas -- An Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Study of the Recovery on Annealing of Cold-Worked, Dispersion-Strengthened Alloys -- Development of Dispersion-Hardened Cobalt-Base Cutting-Tool Alloys from Atomized Powders -- Stability of Selected Submicron Refractory Dispersoids in Tungsten -- High-Temperature Materials -- A Comprehensive Investigation into a Nickel-Base Superalloy From Prealloyed Powders -- Gravity-Sintering and Low-Pressure Pressing of Tungsten Powders -- Tungsten Powder Metallurgy in the Production of Large Crucibles and Susceptors -- Studies of Tungsten Composites Containing Fibered or Reacted Additives -- Tungsten Ionizers with Controlled Porosity for Cesium-Ion Engines -- A Kinetic Study of the Densification of TiB2 at High Pressure and High Temperature -- Fiber-Reinforced, Sintered Composites.

Abstract: I. Historical Survey of the Treaty-Making Practice of International Organizations -- A. Introduction -- B. Treaty-Making Practice in the Inter-War Period -- C. Development after the Second World War -- II. The Basis of the Treaty-Making Capacity of International Organizations -- A. Introduction -- B. Constitutional Provisions -- C. International Personality -- D. The Implied Power Theory -- E. The Basis of Treaty-Making Capacity -- III. The Conclusion of Treaties -- A. Form of Agreements -- B. Constitutional Requirements — Limitation on the Treaty-Making Capacity of International Organizations -- C. Constitutional Requirements — Organs Competent to Conclude Treaties -- D. Procedure of Conclusion -- IV. Certain Kinds of Treaties -- A. Succession Agreements -- B. Relationship Agreements -- C. Institutional Treaties -- D. Trusteeship Agreements -- E. Technical Assistance Agreements -- F. UNICEF, Special Fund, and OPEX Agreements -- G. Loan and Guarantee Agreements -- H. Conclusion -- V. The Legal Character of Agreements Concluded by International Organizations -- A. Introduction -- B. Legal Character in General -- C. Tests to Decide the Legal Character of An Agreement -- Conclusions.

Abstract: Mter an international organization is established, if it is necessary for it to acquire certain rights or assume duties or new functions not provided in its constitution, there are four techniques to achieve that 1 end. The first is to amend the constitution of the organization. If the organization has only a limited number of members, then this technique is not too cumbersome. But, the procedure for amending a constitution is usually complicated and requires a substantial period of time. Thus this technique has at least the disadvantage of delay. 2 The second technique is to conclude a treaty among the member States of the organization. The organization is not a party to that treaty, but it can acquire some rights, assume some duties, or new functions under the treaty. 3 The disadvantage of this technique is similar to the first one, i. e. , the conclusion of a multilateral treaty may mean delay since the procedure involved is so complicated and cumber­ some. 1 E. g. , the Constitution of the ILO, Cmd. No. 393 (T. S. No. 4 of 1919), [1919] 13 Foreign ReI. U. S. : Paris Conf. 695 (1947), was amended on October 9, 1946,62 Stat. 3485, T. I. A. S. No. 1868, 15 U. N. T. S.

Abstract: New Developments in Our Knowledge of the Universe -- Biological Evolution and Human Equality -- Limits of Scientific Enquiry -- The Socialization of Science -- Practical Uses of Atomic Energy -- Population Trends and Population Control -- The Impact of New Materials and New Instrumentation on our Foreseeable Technology -- Design for a Brain -- The Revolution in Biology and Medicine -- Is There Life on Other Worlds.

Abstract: During the period September 1963 to December 1964. Georgetown University commemorated the 175th anniversary of its founding by presenting a series of special lectures in the various disciplines appropriate to a university. Among the subjects covered. in separate and coherent series. were the humanities. the arts. medicine. law. and religion. One of the series. entitled as a group. "Science and Society." is represented by this book. The ten papers presented here must be looked at in context: an effort was made to present to a largely lay audi­ ence a cross section of those aspects of recent advances in science and technology that were considered to haye the most striking or inclusive effects on man's view of his world. on desirable public policy. and on man's antici­ pations as to how further advances and applications of these advances were likely to change his environment. Clearly. so ambitious an undertaking could not be carried out within the compass of ten brief lectures. Within a general structure. it was necessary to use a sampling technique. The general plan was adopted of having three lectures representative of the philosophical sector. three of the public policy structure. and three which would partake of the nature of extrapolations into v vi INTRODUCTION the future. A tenth lecture was later added which could be considered to fit equally well into the second or third of these categories.

Abstract: Preface -- 1 Patterns in Nature -- 2 Ecological Survey -- 3 Wytham Hill -- 4 The Classification of Habitats -- 5 Recording Communities: The Wytham Ecological Survey -- 6 Open Ground and Meadow -- 7 Heath, Mountain and Croplands -- 8 The Terrestrial Maritime Zone -- 9 Scrub and Hedgerow -- 10 The Forest Canopy: Herbivores -- 11 Hunters in the Forest Canopy -- 12 The Ground-Plan of Woodland -- 13 Natural Fuel Stations: Concourses on Flowers and Fruits -- 14 Dying and Dead Wood -- 15 Bracket Fungi and Toadstools -- 16 Carrion, Dung and Nests -- 17 Woods and Water Bodies -- 18 Dispersal and Invaders -- 19 The Whole Pattern -- References -- Notes.

Abstract: THE ECOLOGICAL SURVEY on which this book is based began to be planned in 1942, and since 1945 has been mainly centred upon Oxford University's estate at Wytham Woods, where a rich series of habitats from open ground and limestone to woodland with many springs and marshes interspersed occupies a hill set in riverine surroundings. Here biological research workers from the University have accumulated a considerable body of knowledge, some of which I have arranged in a general setting that allows one to comprehend some of the inter-related parts of the whole system. It is also intended to provide a framework for understanding animal communities elsewhere. The ecological inquirer is, more than most scien­ tific people, apt to fmd himself lost in a large labyrinth of interrelations and variables. The dictionary defmes a labyrinth as 'an intricate structure of inter­ communicating passages, through which it is difficult to fmd one's way without a clue'. This could equally be a figurative description of plant and animal communi­ ties. The present book seeks to provide a plan of construction of the labyrinth and a few new clues that may help the inquirer to know where he is on the gene­ ral ecological map. In presenting this blue-print of animal communities I have avoided giving long lists of species such as the botanist, with his smaller kingdom, can handle fairly well.

Abstract: Some Aspects of Classical Surface Thermodynamics -- Modern Theory of Fluid Surface Tension -- Nucleation in Homogeneous Vapors -- Nucleation Processes in Deposition onto Substrates -- Nucleation and Condensation in Polymer Systems -- Panel Discussion: Session I -- Surface Self-Diffusion at High Temperatures -- Self-Diffusion on Nearly Pure Metallic Surfaces -- Defects Near Ionic Crystal Surfaces -- Effect of Surfaces on Mechanical Behavior of Metals -- Ultrafine Particles in the Gas Phase -- Panel Discussion: Session II.

Abstract: This volume explores in detail the four interrelated branches of the study of surface phenomena-surface thermodynamics, nucleation, diffusion, and fine-particles technology-providing an unusual and comprehensive body of knowledge that will be of interest and practical value to both materials researchers and practising engineers. The growing awareness-since the advent of the space age-among solid-state physicists, metallurgists, ceramists, chemical engineers, and mechanical engineers of the need for a broad interdisciplinary under­ standing of the fundamental phenomena common to all matedals has led in recent years to the development of a new field of scientific investigation, Materials Science. To help promote interest in and con­ tributions to this new technology, annual symposia on "Fundamental Phenomena in the Materials Sciences" have been organized by the Ilikon Corporation. The first symposium, reported in Volume 1 of this series, was held in Boston, Massachusetts, on February 1 and 2, 1963; sintering and plastic deformation were the main topics of discussion. The second meeting, also held in Boston, on January 27 and 28, 1964, was exclusively concerned with the general interdisciplinary problems related to surface phenomena, that is, all of those physical and chemical areas that are pertinent to the surface of a solid, or to the interface between a solid and a gas, a solid and a liquid, or a solid and a solid.

Abstract: I. Introduction -- 1. Limitations of the Classical Theory of Navier and Stokes -- 2. Incompressible Simple Fluids -- 3. Plan and Scope of this Monograph -- II. Theory of Incompressible Simple Fluids -- 4. Kinematics -- 5. The Dynamical Equations -- 6. The Principle of Material Objectivity -- 7. The Definition of an Incompressible Simple Fluid -- 8. Static Behavior of Simple Fluids -- III. General Theory of Viscometric Flows -- 9. The Kinematics of Simple Shearing Flow -- 10. The Viscometric Functions -- 11. The Dynamics of Simple Shearing Flow; Viscosity -- 12. The Definition of a Viscometric Flow -- 13. Curvilineal Flows -- IV. Special Viscometric Flows -- 14. Flow through a Channel -- 15. General Properties of Helical Flows -- 16. Flows between Concentric Cylinders -- 17. Couette Flow -- 18. Flow between Stationary Concentric Cylinders -- 19. Poiseuille Flow -- 20. Normal Stress Effects at Free Boundaries -- 21. Cone and Plate Flow -- 22. Torsional Flow -- V. Experimental Methods and Results -- 23. General Considerations -- 24. Simple Shearing Flow -- 25. Couette Flow -- 26. Other Flows between Coaxial Cylinders -- 27. Poiseuille Flow -- 28. Cone and Plate Flow -- 29. Torsional Flow -- VI. Historical Remarks -- 30. History of the Development of the Theory -- 31. History of Experiments -- A. Appendix on Mathematical Concepts -- A 1. Vectors -- A 2. Bases, Linear Forms -- A 3. Points, Euclidean Space -- A 4. Tensors -- A 5. Multiplication of Tensors -- A 6. Transposition; Symmetric, Skew, and Orthogonal Tensors -- A 7. Traces and Determinants -- A 8. Point, Vector, and Tensor Functions -- A 9. Deformations, Gradients -- A 10. Coordinates -- A 11. Special Coordinate Systems -- References.

Abstract: We here attempt to give a complete but concise treatment of the theory of steady viscometric flows of simple (non-Newtonian) fluids and to use that theory to discuss the design and interpretation of ex­ periments. We are able to present the theory with less mathematical machinery than was used in our original papers, partly because this Tract has more limited aims than those papers, and partly because we employ a method, found by Noll and published here for the first time, for dealing with visco metric flows without the apparatus of rela­ tive Cauchy-Green tensors and reduced constitutive equations. To make the theory accessible to students not familiar with modern mathematics, we have added to our Tract an appendix explaining some of the mathe­ matical concepts essential to continuum physics. Pittsburgh, July 1965 BERNARD D. COLEMAN HERSHEL MARKOVITZ WALTER NOLL CONTENTS I. Introduction page 1. Limitations of the Classical Theory of Navier and Stokes. 1 5 2. Incompressible Simple Fluids. . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Plan and Scope of this Monograph . . . . . . . . . 7 II. Theory of Incompressible Simple Fluids 4. Kinematics. . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5. The Dynamical Equations . . . . . . . . . . . 12 6. The Principle of Material Objectivity . . . . . . 14 7. The Definition of an Incompressible Simple Fluid . 17 8. Static Behavior of Simple Fluids . . . . . . . . 19 III. General Theory of Viscometric Flows 9. The Kinematics of Simple Shearing Flow 21 10. The Viscometric Functions . . . . . . . . . . 22 11. The Dynamics of Simple Shearing Flow; Viscosity 26 12. The Definition of a Viscometric Flow 29 13. Curvilineal Flows. . . . . . . . 30 1. Kinematical Description . . . .

Abstract: I. Statement of the Problem -- II. Jurists and Unilateral Denunciation -- Zouche -- Wolff -- Grotius -- Vattel -- Wildman -- Rivier -- Halleck -- Kent -- F. von Martens -- Calvo -- Bonfils -- Bello -- Cavaglieri -- Guggenheim -- Ross -- Liszt -- Bluntschli -- Sauer -- Spiropoulos -- Schwarzenberger -- Fauchille -- Rousseau -- Anzilotti -- Verdross -- Fenwick -- Dupuis -- Axell Moller -- Fiore -- Wheaton -- Moore -- Pitt Cobbett -- Hall -- Crandall -- Oppenheim -- Hyde -- Brierly -- McNair -- Fitzmaurice -- Korovin -- The Harvard Research in International Law -- The American Law Institute -- The United Nations International Law Commission -- Conclusion -- III. Judges and Unilateral Denunciation -- The Tacna Arica Case -- The Diversion of Water from the Meuse Case -- Ware v. Hylton -- In re Thomas -- Hooper v. The United States -- The Chinese Exclusion Case -- Terlinden v. Ames -- Charlton v. Kelly -- The Blonde and Other Ships Case -- In re Lepeschkin -- Attorney-General of the Court of Appeal of Brussels v. Aron -- In re Totarko -- Security for Costs (Switzerland) Case -- Conclusion -- IV. Private Law Analogy and Unilateral Denunciation -- French Law -- German Law -- Other Continental and Latin American Legal Systems -- English Law -- American Law -- Indian Law -- Soviet Law -- Islamic Law -- Japanese Law -- Chinese Law -- Conclusion -- V. Related Problems -- Pacta Sunt Servanda and Unilateral Denunciation -- Unilateral Denunciation and Unanimity Rule -- The Rule of Extinctive Prescription and Unilateral Denunciation -- A Violated Treaty — Void or Voidable ? -- The Limitation of Substantial Breach -- The Principle of Severability of Provisions -- Unilateral Denunciation and Law-Making Treaty -- The Concept of the Rule of Law and Unilateral Denunciation -- The Sanction of What is Proper and Public Opinion -- VI. Practice of States and Unilateral Denunciation -- The Anglo-American Treaty of Peace of 3 September 1783 -- The Franco-American Treaties, 1778–1790 -- The Ancient Anglo-Spanish Treaties -- Convention between Great Britain, the Netherlands and Russia, 19 May 1815 -- The Russo-British Convention of 16 November 1831 -- The Declaration of Paris of 1856 -- The Anglo-Transval Boers Agreement of 1852 -- The Treaty of 11th May 1867 on the Neutrality of Luxemburg -- The Treaty of London of 1839 on the Neutrality of Belgium -- The Treaty of Paris of 1856 -- The Anglo-Uruguayan Postal Agreement of 28 November 1853 -- The Anglo-Honduran Agreement of 27 August 1856 -- The Proposed Anglo-American Treaty of Extradition of 1876 -- The Anglo-American Treaty of Extradition of 9 August 1842 -- The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty of 19 April 1850 -- The Sino-American Treaties, 1844–1880 -- Reciprocal Trade Agreements between the U.S.A. and Other States -- The Italo-American Extradition Conventions of 8 February 1864 & 1884 -- The Russo-American Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, 1832 -- The Fifth Treaty of the Triple Alliance, 5 December 1912 -- The Prusso-American Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, 1828 -- The Japanese-American Agreement of 1907–08 -- Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice -- Treaty for the Renunciation of War (Briand-Kellog Pact), 1928 -- Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Consular Rights between Germany and the United States, 8 December 1923 -- The Versailles Treaty, 28 January 1919 -- The Locarno Treaty, 16 October 1925 -- The Anglo-Guatemalan Treaty of 1859 -- The International Load Line Convention, 5 July 1930 -- The Munich Agreement, 29 September 1938 -- The Soviet-Yugoslav Treaty, February 1948 -- Yugoslav-Albanian Treaties -- The Hungaro-Yugoslav Treaty of 24 July 1947 -- The Soviet-Yugoslav Treaty of Friendship, 11 April 1945 -- The Polish-Yugoslav Treaty of Friendship, 18 March 1946 -- The Hungaro-Yugoslav Treaty of Friendship, 8 December 1947 -- Bulgar-Yugoslav Treaties -- The Czechoslovak-Yugoslavian Treaty of 9 May 1946 -- Albano-Yugoslav Treaty of Friendship, 9 July 1946 -- The Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of Friendship and Alliance, 12 August 1936 -- The Anglo-Egyptian Conventions of 1899 on the Sudan -- The Italian Peace Treaty, 10 February 1947 -- The Sino-Soviet Treaty of 24 August 1945 -- The Soviet-British Treaty of Alliance of 1942 and the Franco-Soviet Treaty of Alliance of 1944 -- The Anglo-Egyptian Treaty on the Suez Canal Base, 1954 -- The Quadripartite Agreements of 1944 and 1945 on Berlin. -- Agreement Relative to the Withdrawal of Offensive Weapons from Cuba, October 1962 -- Treaty on a Partial Test Ban, July 1963 -- Conclusion -- VII. Discussions Relative to Unilateral Denunciation in International Organisations and Conferences -- The Danube Convention and Conference -- The Palestine Armistice Agreements, 1949 -- The Korean Armistice Agreement of 1953 -- Conclusion -- VIII. Conclusions -- Selected Bibliography.

Abstract: In a world still divided into sovereign states and possessed of no institutions for comprehensive centralised regulation of transnational interests and activities, treaties are steadily increasing in number and importance as an imperfect but indispensable substitute for such regulation. Through multilateral conventions, the world community seeks to establish widely accepted standards of state conduct in the general interest; and many international agreements are concluded for the purpose of regulating the relations between two or more states by creating contractual bonds of reciprocal nature between them. Despite the non-existence of anything resembling a world govern­ ment with effective power to enforce international law, most treaties are observed with a high degree of regularity. States normally carry out their treaty commitments because it is in their interest to do so. A treaty is made because two or more states have a common or mutual interest in establishing a new relationship or modifying an existing one. The natural penalty for the violation of a treaty establishing or regulating a mutually desired relationship is the disruption or im­ pairment of the latter. When national policies change, clauses per­ mitting termination or withdrawal by a unilaterally given notice often serve as safety valves which prevent pressures for treaty violations from building up. But there remains a residue of situations in which a state fails to live up to its obligations under a treaty still in force.

Abstract: 1. Line Integrals -- 1. Preliminary remarks about curves -- 2. Definition of a curvilinear integral -- 3. Area -- Exercises -- 2. Double Integrals -- 1. Definition of a double integral -- 2. Double integrals over a rectangle -- 3. Double integrals over normal regions -- 4. Green’s Theorem in two dimensions -- 5. Change of variables -- 6. Transformation of double integrals -- 7. Improper integrals -- 8. Volumes -- Exercises -- 3. Surface Integrals -- 1. Preliminary remarks about surfaces -- 2. The area of surface -- 3. Surface integrals -- Exercises -- 4. Volume Integrals -- 1. Definition of a volume integral -- 2. Reduction to repeated integral -- 3. Gauss’s Theorem (divergence theorem) -- 4. Change of variables -- 5. Stokes’s Theorem -- Exercises -- Solutions to Exercises.

Abstract: The aim of this book is to give an elementary treatment of multiple integrals. The notions of integrals extended over a curve, a plane region, a surface and a solid are introduced in tum, and methods for evaluating these integrals are presented in detail. Especial reference is made to the results required in Physics and other mathematical sciences, in which multiple integrals are an indispensable tool. A full theoretical discussion of this topic would involve deep problems of analysis and topology, which are outside the scope of this volume, and concessions had to be made in respect of completeness without, it is hoped, impairing precision and a reasonable standard of rigour. As in the author's Integral Calculus (in this series), the main existence theorems are first explained informally and then stated exactly, but not proved. Topological difficulties are circumvented by imposing some­ what stringent, though no unrealistic, restrictions on the regions of integration. Numerous examples are worked out in the text, and each chapter is followed by a set of exercises. My thanks are due to my colleague Dr. S. Swierczkowski, who read the manuscript and made valuable suggestions. w. LEDERMANN The University of Sussex, Brighton.

Abstract: 1 Markov Chains -- 1: Definition -- 2: Transition and absolute probabilities -- 3: Determination of the higher transition probabilities -- 4: Classification of states -- 5: The limit of the higher transition probabilities -- 6: Classification of Markov chains -- 7: The limiting distributions of irreducible Markov chains -- Problems -- 8: Markov chains with continuous state space -- Problems -- 9: Stationary stochastic sequences -- Problems -- 2 Markov Processes -- 1: Introduction -- 2: Definition -- 3: Poisson process -- 4: Markov process with a finite or denumerably infinite number of states -- 5: Markov process with continuous transition -- 6: Mixed Markov processes -- Problems -- 3 Non-Markovian Processes -- 1: Recurrent processes -- 2: Stationary stochastic processes -- 3: Secondary stochastic processes generated by a stochastic process -- Problems -- 4 Solutions of Problems -- 1: Markov chains -- 2: Markov processes -- 3: Non-Markovian processes -- References.

Abstract: It is not so very long ago that up-to-date text-books on statistics were almost non-existent. In the last few decades this deficiency has largely been remedied, but in order to cope with a broad and rapidly expanding subject many of these books have been fairly big and expensive. The success of Methuen's existing series of monographs, in physics or in biology, for example, stresses the value of short inexpensive treatments to which a student can turn for an introduc­ tion to, or a revision of, specialised topics. In this new Methuen series the still-growing importance of prob­ ability theory in its applied aspects has been recognised by coupling together Probability and Statistics; and included in the series are some of the newer applications of probability theory to stochastic models in various fields, storage and service problems, 'Monte Carlo' techniques, etc. , as well as monographs on particular statistical topics. M. S. BARTLETT ix AUTHOR'S PREFACE The theory of stochastic processes has developed in the last three decades. Its field of application is constantly expanding and at present it is being applied in nearly every branch of science. So far several books have been written on the mathematical theory of stochastic processes. The nature of this book is different because it is primarily a collection of problems and their solutions, and is intended for readers who are already familiar with probability theory.

Abstract: one: The Elements of Ergonomic Practice -- 1. The Physical Basis of Man’s Perception of His Environment -- The Human Body -- 2. I. Bones, Joints and Muscles -- 3. II. Metabolism and Heat Regulation -- 4. III. Body Size, Limits of Movement and Functioning of Limbs -- 5. IV. The Nervous System -- 6. Man as a System Component -- two: Practical Ergonomics -- Design Factors -- 7. I. Layout of Equipment -- 8. II. Design of Seating -- 9. III. Design of Instrumental Displays -- 10. IV. Compatibility -- 11. V. Design Characteristics of Controls -- Environmental Factors -- 12. I. Environmental Temperature and Humidity -- 13. II. Noise -- 14. III. The Visual Environment -- 15. IV. Vibration -- Organizational Factors -- 16. I. Methods of Investigating Work -- 17. II. The Organization of Work -- 18. III. Inspection -- 19. IV. Shift Work -- 20. V. Age -- References -- Author Index.

Abstract: Until quite recently conditions in industry were often rough. Long hours were worked in insanitary and murky workshops, often with little regard to the effects upon the workpeople who were considered to be expendable. Now, however, these adverse conditions have been recognized and so remedied that there remains little in industrial conditions to disturb the public conscience. This does not mean that conditions of work in office or factory are perfect. The obvious and dramatic abuses of the human frame may have gone, but in their place have arisen stresses and strains which, taking effect only in the long term, are generally undramatic and often unrecognized. They exist none the less. No organized effort to study the effect of working conditions on man's performance was made until the end of World War I, when the Industrial Fatigue Research Board was set up. For the first time, men trained in the human sciences entered industry to study men at work. They made con­ tributions which set a new standard of scientific investigation into human performance and allowed executive action on the basis of evidence rather than of hunch. The Board's work differed from the contribution of Gilbreth in America in that the principles of Motion Study which he developed were, to a large extent, based on intelligent observation rather than controlled experiment. During the 1920S the National Institute of Industrial Psychology was founded and there was close collaboration between it and the I.F.R.B.

Abstract: Table des Matières List of Contents -- Première séance (plénière) -- Discours de M. Saukkonen -- Discours de M. Hosia -- 1. Discours d’ouverture du Président de la Fédération -- 2. Rapport du Secrétaire général -- 3. Rapport financier du Trésorier ad. int. -- 4. UNESCO’s Division of Libraries -- 5. Report of F.I.D. -- Deuxième séance plénière -- Les aspects internationaux et linguistiques du service des bibliothèques, I -- 6. Propositions pour l’amélioration du bilinguisme et du biculturalisme au Canada -- 7. Problems of bilingualism in connection with a union catalogue of Judaïca and Hebraïca -- 8. Report on the use of languages in catalogues and bibliographies in Switzerland -- 9. The Swiss Union Catalogue and linguistic problems -- Troisième séance plénière -- Les aspects internationaux et linguistiques du service des bibliothèques, II -- 10. Report of the Committee on Uniform cataloguing rules -- 11. ISO’s activities in bibliography and documentation -- Discussion -- 12. The international activities of library associations -- Discussion -- Quatrième séance plénière -- 13. Communications et résolutions des sections et commissions -- 14. Communications du Bureau exécutif -- 15. Le Prix Sevensma -- 16. Sessions futures du Conseil général -- 17. Discours de clôture du Président -- Annexes -- Rapports Annuels des Associations-Membres Annual Reports of Member-Associations -- UDC (100): Associations internationales -- I. Association of Libraries of Judaïca & Hebraïca in Europe, 1963/1964 and 1964/1965 -- II. IAALD (International Association of Agricultural Librarians & Documentalists), Working committees, 1960/1965 -- III. IATUL (International Association of Technological University Libraries), 1964/1965 -- IV. Association of International Libraries -- Assemblée générale, le 18 août 1965 -- Membres nationaux/National members UDC (4) Europe -- Allemagne -- Bundesrepublik: Verein Deutscher Bibliothekare, 1964/1965 -- Verein Deutscher Volksbibliothekare, 1964/1965 -- Verein der Diplom-Bibliothekare an wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken, 1964/1965 -- Deutscher Büchereiverband, 1964/1965 -- Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Spezialbibliotheken, 1964/1965 -- D.D.R.: Deutscher Bibliotheksverband, 1964/1965 -- Deutsche Staatsbibliothek, Berlin, 1964 -- Deutsche Bücherei, Leipzig, 1964/1965 -- Autriche: Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekare, 1964/ 1965 -- Belgique: (4 associations) 1964/1965 -- Bulgarie: Libraries in Bulgaria, 1964/1965 -- Danemark: Libraries in Denmark, 1964/1965 -- Finlande: Finnish Library Association, 1964/1965 -- Research libraries in Finland in 1964 -- France: Association des bibliothécaires français, 1964/1965 -- Grande-Bretagne: The Library Association, 1964 -- Hollande: Libraries in the Netherlands in 1964 -- Hongrie: Association of Hungarian Librarians, 1964 -- Italie: Associazione Italiana Biblioteche, 1964/1965 -- Norvège: (Report every 2 years only) -- Pologne: Association des bibliothécaires polonais, 1964/1965 -- Suède: Swedish libraries, 1964/1965 -- Suisse: Association des bibliothécaires suisses, 1964/1965 -- Tchécoslovaquie: Conseil central des bibliothèques, ?SSR, 1964/1965 -- URSS: The activities of Soviet libraries, July 1964–July 1965 -- Yougoslavie: Union des associations des bibliothécaires de la Yougoslavie, 1964/1965 -- (5) Asie -- Hong Kong: Hong Kong Library Association, 1964 & 1965 -- Inde: Indian Association of Special Libraries and Information Centres (IASLIC), 1964 & 1965 -- Israel: Israel Library Association, 1964/1965 -- Japon: Japan Library Association, 1964/1965 -- (6) Afrique -- Afrique du Sud: The South African libraries, 1964/1965 -- (7) Amérique du Nord -- Canada: Canadian Library Association 1964/1965 -- Québec. Service des bibliothèques publiques, 1964 -- Etats-Unis d’Amérique: American Library Association, 1964/1965 -- Special Libraries Association, 1964/1965 -- Association of Research Libraries, 1964/1965 -- (8) Amérique latine -- Argentine: Asociación de Bibliotecarios Graduados, 1964/1965 -- Uruguay: Asociación de Bibliotecarios del Uruguay, 1965 -- (9) Australasie -- Nouvelle-Zélande: New Zealand Library Association, 1964.

Abstract: to Part I -- I. Nature and Scope of the Problem -- II. The Historical Development of Diplomatic Asylum in Latin America -- III. Opinio Juris Sive Necessitatis and the Practice of Diplomatic Asylum -- IV. Establishing a Legal Basis through Multilateral Conventions and Treaties -- V. Diplomatic Asylum in Latin American Practice -- VI. United States Practice in Latin America -- VII. Asylum in Consulates -- To Part II -- VIII. Qualification of the Offence: Treaties -- IX. The problem of “Political” Offences -- X. Qualification of the Offence: Practice -- XI. Legal Norms and Political Reality -- Appendices -- Convention on Asylum, La Habana, 1928 -- Convention on Asylum, Montevideo, 1933 -- Convention on Asylum, Caracas, 1954 -- Summary of Cases cited by Colombia in the Colombian-Perúvian -- Asylum Case -- Summary of Cases to which the U.S. has been a Party Cited by Colombia in the Colombian Perúvian Asylum Case.

Abstract: The legal status of the institution of diplomatic asylum really presents two separate questions. (I) Is there evidence that states have regarded the practice of granting such asylum to political refugees as sanctioned by a rule of international law? (2) Assuming this to be the case, does the available evidence make it possible to define a "political refugee" and to determine which party to a dispute has the right to decide upon this question? While in many cases the two questions are not dearly separated in the discussions between the parties involved, they will be treated separately in the following pages. Part one will attempt to answer this question: Assuming the political nature of an offence can be establish­ ed, is there evidence that states have regarded the practice of granting diplomatic asylum as sanctioned by a rule of international law? Obviously, the two questions cannot be separated entirely but it seems advisable to try to isolate them as much as possible. CHAPTER I NATURE AND SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM The term "asylum" is used to identify such a variety of phenomena that the following distinctions must be made before the problem can be properly discussed I. Between diplomatic and territorial asylum. The importance of this distinction was pointed out by the International Court of Justice in the Colombian-Peruvian Asylum Case,l often referred to as the Haya de la Torre Case.

Abstract: First Section The Philosophic Principles of the Marxist-Leninist World-View -- 1 Philosophic Materialism -- 2 The Materialist Dialectic -- 3 Epistemology -- Second Section The Materialist Conception of History -- 4 The Essence of Historical Materialism -- 5 Classes, Class-War and the State -- 6 The Role of the Popular Masses and of the Individual in History -- 7 Social Progress -- Third Section The Political Economy of Capitalism -- 8 Pre-Monopolistic Capitalism -- 9 Imperialism as the Highest and last Stage of Capitalism -- 10 Imperialism Today -- Fourth Section Theory and Tactics of the International Communist Movement -- 11 The World-Wide, Historical Mission of the Working Class -- 13 The Marxist-Leninist Party and its Role in the Class-War of the Worker -- 14 The Policy of the Unity of Action of the Working Class with all Democratic Forces among the People -- 15 The Coalition of the Working Class and the Peasantry under Capitalism -- 16 The Movement of the Peoples for National Liberation from Colonialism -- 17 The Fight of the Peoples of Capitalist Lands for the Conservation of their Sovereignty -- 18 The Fight for the Defence of Democracy in Bourgeois Lands -- 19 The Danger of War and the Peoples’ Fight for Peace -- 20 On the Different Forms of the Transition to Socialist Revolution -- Fifth Section Doctrine on Socialism and Communism -- 21 The Dictatorship of the Proletariat and Proletarian Democracy -- 22 The Main Economic Tasks during the Period of Transition from Capitalism to Socialism -- 23 The Basic Traits of the Socialist Mode of Production -- 24 The Social-Political and Cultural Phaenotype of Socialist Society -- 25 The Socialist World-System -- 26 The Period of Transition from Socialism to Communism -- 27 On Communist Society -- Subject-Index.

Abstract: We have once again decided to publish in our series a source-text for the study of Communist ideology. This synopsis of Principles of Marxism­ Leninism 1 (published at the end of 1959 and widely distributed in the Soviet Union) appears as a sequel to that of the Principles of Marxist Philosphy which I published in 1959 as The Dogmatic Principles of Soviet Philosphy. This book is a corporate work, done by some forty Soviet philosophers, sociologists, economists, Party-theoreticians and propa­ gandists, under the direction ofO. V. Kuusinen (member of the Praesidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union). Except for a few clarifications, we have restricted ourselves to pre­ senting the most important parts of the original text in an original translation which provides the material, in an authentic and handy 2 form, for our Institute's courses in Sovietology. In comparison to the other parts, the philosophical portions (Sections 1 and 2) have been held to a minimum since they repeat, for the most part, material which is already available in the synopsis of the Principles of Marxist Philosophy. I wish to thank the Rockefeller Foundation for their support which has made possible the research of our Institute as well as the preparation of the present work. J. M. BOCHENSKI 1 The original Russian title is: Osnovy marksizma-leninizma. Ueebnoe posobie (Text­ book), Gosudarstvennoe izdatel'stvo politieeskoj literatury (State Publishing House for Political Literature), Moskva, 1959,774 pages, 300 000 copies.

Abstract: I. Introduction -- Traffic -- II. Traffic Control Instrumentation, Theory and Practice -- Instrumentation for the Traffic Engineer -- Traffic Control, Time—Space Diagrams, and Networks -- Computer Programming for Traffic Problems and Flow Characteristics -- Simulation as a Tool in Traffic Control System Evaluation -- Practicality in Traffic Control -- III. Case Studies of Large-Scale Integrated Traffic Control Systems -- Some Theoretical Considerations of Peak-Hour Control for Arterial Street Systems -- Installation of a Tunnel Traffic Surveillance and Control System -- The Use of Vehicle Presence Detectors in Metropolitan Traffic-Control Systems -- Experimentation with Manual and Automatic Ramp Control -- The Toronto Computer-Controlled Traffic Signal System.

Abstract: At the close of the year 1900, motor vehicle registrations throughout the United States totaled 8000. These vehicles rode on unpaved and often dusty country roads. The only problem of traffic was an occasional pedestrian or a frightened horse or cow frenzied by the roar of this new creature. Today more than 82,000,000 registrations, representing 50% of the world's automobiles, are recorded in this country. In 1963 these vehicles traveled 798 billion miles over newly constructed modern highways, expressways, freeways, quickways, and thru­ ways, as well as improved rural and urban roads and streets. Out of all this has sprung the traffic engineer. Today's modern roadway is an engineering structure which has been developed through sound principles of design with provisions for safety and efficiency. An example of this safety factor can be found by the exacting specifications for cross sections, grades, roadside control, medians, and other design features. For many years, the responsi­ bility for controlling traffic fell naturally into the domain of the police. However, as traffic increased, many problems developed which were beyond the scope of normal police work. Since the highway system is an engineering structure which requires an engi­ neering approach to appraise operating problems and engineering techniques to solve them, the traffic engineer came into being.

Abstract: I. Voice Communication -- 1.1. The Advent of Telephony -- 1.2. Efficient Transmission of Speech -- 1.3. Capacity of the Human Channel -- 1.4. Analysis-Synthesis Telephony: An Approach to Improved Efficiency -- II. The Mechanism of Speech Production -- 2.1. Physiology of the Vocal Apparatus -- 2.2. The Sounds of Speech -- 2.3. Quantitative Description of Speech -- III. Acoustical Properties of the Vocal System -- 3.1. The Vocal Tract as an Acoustic System -- 3.2. Equivalent Circuit for the Lossy Cylindrical Pipe -- 3.3. The Radiation Load at the Mouth and Nostrils -- 3.4. Spreading of Sound About the Head -- 3.5. The Source for Voiced Sounds -- 3.6. The Source for Noise and Transient Excitation of the Tract. -- 3.7. Some Characteristics of Vocal Tract Transmission -- 3.8. Fundamentals of Speech and Hearing in Analysis-Synthesis Telephony -- IV. The Ear and Hearing -- 4.1. Mechanism of the Ear -- 4.2. Computational Models for Ear Operation -- 4.3. Illustrative Relations Between Subjective and Physiological Behavior -- V. Techniques for Speech Analysis -- 5.1. Spectral Analysis of Speech -- 5.2. Formant Analysis of Speech -- 5.3. Analysis of Voice Pitch -- 5.4. Articulatory Analysis of the Vocal Mechanism -- 5.5. Automatic Recognition of Speech -- 5.6. Automatic Speaker Recognition -- VI. Speech Synthesis -- 6.1. Mechanical Speaking Machines; Historical Efforts -- 6.2. Electrical Methods for Speech Synthesis -- VII. Perception of Speech and Speech-Like Sounds -- 7.1. Differential vs Absolute Discrimination -- 7.2. Differential Discriminations Along Signal Dimensions Related to Speech -- 7.3. Absolute Discrimination of Speech and Speech-Like Sounds.. -- 7.4. Effects of Context and Vocabulary Upon Speech Perception -- 7.5. The Perceptual Units of Speech -- 7.6. Articulation Tests for Transmission System Evaluation -- 7.7. Calculating Intelligibility Scores from System Response and Noise Level: The Articulation Index -- 7.8. Supplementary Sensory Channels for Speech Perception -- VIII. Systems for Analysis-Synthesis Telephony -- 8.1. Channel Vocoders -- 8.2. Reduced Redundancy Channel Vocoders -- 8.3. Voice-Excited Vocoders -- 8.4. Correlation Vocoders -- 8.5. Formant Vocoders -- 8.6. Articulatory Vocoders -- 8.7. Other Methods for Bandwidth Reduction -- References -- Author Index.

Abstract: This book has its origin in a letter. In November of 1959, the late Prof. Dr. WERNER MEYER-EpPLER wrote to me, asking if I would contribute to a series he was planning on Communication. His book " Grundlagen und Anwendungen der Informationstheorie" was to serve as the initial volume of the series. After protracted consideration, I agreed to undertake the job provided it could be done outside my regular duties at the Bell Telephone Laboratories. Shortly afterwards, I received additional responsibilities in my research organization, and felt that I could not conveniently pursue the manuscript. Consequently, except for the preparation of a detailed outline, the writing was delayed for about a year and a half. In the interim, Professor MEYER-EpPLER suffered a fatal illness, and Professors H. WOLTER and W. D. KEIDEL assumed the editorial re­ sponsibilities for the book series. The main body of this material was therefore written as a leisurc­ time project in the years 1962 and 1963. The complete draft of the manuscript was duplicated and circulated to colleagues in three parts during 1963. Valuable comments and criticisms were obtained, revisions made, and the manuscript submitted to the publisher in March of 1964. The mechanics of printing have filled the remaining time. If the reader finds merit in the work, it will be owing in great measure to the people with whom I have had the good fortune to be associated.

Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 1.1 The notion of stability -- 1.2 The nature of non-linear stability problems -- 1.3 Formal approach to stability theory -- 2. A Class of Problems in One-Dimensional Space -- 2.1 Preliminary remarks -- 2.2 Formulation -- 2.3 Behaviour and properties of the linearized solutions -- 2.4 Series expansion in the case of self-adjoint operators -- 2.5 Series expansion in the case of not self-adjoint operators -- 2.6 Interpretation of the series expansion in terms of the Green’s function -- 2.7 The system of equations for the amplitude-functions -- 3. Behaviour of Solutions -- 3.1 Formal simplification of the system of equations -- 3.2 Stable and unstable stationary solutions -- 3.3 Effects of interactions. Forced solutions -- 3.4 Analysis of forced solutions -- 3.5 Instability to finite size perturbations -- 3.6 Other types of behaviour -- 4. Asymptotic Methods for Problems in One-Dimensional Space 2S -- 4.1 General outline -- 4.2 Weak stability or instability: the case aij(n) = 0 -- 4.3 Weak stability or instability: the case a0 0(0) = 0 -- 4.4 Weak stability and instability: the case a0 0(0) ? 0 -- 4.5 Method of approximation for the case of simple developed instability -- 4.6 Behaviour of solutions as functions of time -- 5. Analysis of Some One-Dimensional Problems -- 5.1 Introductory remarks -- 5.2 Burgers’ mathematical model of turbulence -- 5.3 Modification of Burgers’ model. The problem of stability -- 5.4 Asymptotic expansions in Burgers’ model -- 5.5 Another simple mathematical model -- 6. A Class of Problems in Two-Dimensional Space -- 6.1 Introductory remarks -- 6.2 Formulation -- 6.3 The problem of stability. Linearized theory -- 6.4 Fourier-analysis of the non-linear stability problem -- 6.5 Orthogonality relations -- 6.6 Initial conditions -- 7. Asymptotic Theory of Periodic Solutions -- 7.1 Basic equations and transformations -- 7.2 Forced solutions for the components ?m,m ? 1 -- 7.3 Analysis of the component ?1 -- 7.4 Further analysis of the forced solutions for ?m, m ? 1 -- 7.5 The equations of the asymptotic approximation -- 7.6 Harmonic solutions -- 7.7 A simple example -- 8. Stability of Periodic Solutions -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Formulation of the stability problem -- 8.3 Analysis of small parameters -- 8.4 Perturbations in the region ?0(k) = 0 (1) -- 8.5 Perturbations in the region ?0(k) = 0 (?2) -- 8.6 Reduction of the system of equations -- 8.7 Forced solutions for ?? ? and $$ {\psi _{2{k_0}}} \pm \varepsilon \sigma $$ -- 8.8 The equations for A0(k,) and A0(k,,) -- 8.9 Solution of the stability problem for k0 = kcr -- 8.10 Regions of validity of the asymptotic results -- 8.11 Stability of periodic solutions in the case k0 ? kcr -- 8.12 Summary and interpretation of results -- 9. Periodic Solutions in Poiseuille Flow -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Formulation of the stability problem -- 9.3 Linearized stability theory -- 9.4 The adjoint linearized problem -- 9.5 Periodic solutions -- 9.6 Discussion of the results.

Abstract: Non-linear stability problems formulated in terms of non-linear partial differential equations have only recently begun to attract attention and it will probably take some time before our understanding of those problems reaches some degree of maturity. The passage from the more classical linear analysis to a non-linear analysis increases the mathematical complexity of the stability theory to a point where it may become discouraging, while some of the more usual mathematical methods lose their applicability. Although considerable progress has been made in recent years, notably in the field of fluid mechanics, much still remains to be done before a more permanent outline of the subject can be established. I have not tried to present in this monograph an account of what has been accomplished, since the rapidly changing features of the field make the periodical literature a more appropriate place for such a review. The aim of this book is to present one particular line of research, originally developed in a series of papers published in 'Journal de Mecanique' 1962-1963, in which I attempted to construct a mathematical theory for certain classes of non-linear stability problems, and to gain some understanding of the non-linear phenomena which are involved. The opportunity to collect the material in this volume has permitted a more coherent presentation, while various points of the analysis have been developed in greater detaiL I hope that a more unified form of the theory has thus been achieved.