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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (406)
  • MFK München
  • Online Resource  (406)
  • 2015-2019  (406)
  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004
  • 2018  (406)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (392)
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  • Paris : OECD Publishing and European Conference of Ministers of Transport
  • Santa Monica, Calif : Rand
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  • 2015-2019  (406)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264189881 , 9789264297951
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rethinking urban sprawl
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: 1990-2014 ; Suburbanisierung ; Nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Economics
    Abstract: This report provides a new perspective to the nature of urban sprawl and its causes and environmental, social and economic consequences. This perspective, which is based on the multi-dimensionality of urban sprawl, sets the foundations for the construction of new indicators to measure the various facets of urban sprawl. The report uses new datasets to compute these indicators for more than 1100 urban areas in 29 OECD countries over the period 1990-2014. It then relies on cross-city, country-level and cross-country analyses of these indicators to provide insights into the current situation and evolution of urban sprawl in OECD cities. In addition, the report offers a critical assessment of the causes and consequences of urban sprawl and discusses policy options to steer urban development to more environmentally sustainable forms.
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264290198
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Inclusive growth in Seoul, Korea
    Keywords: Stadtwachstum ; Ballungsraum ; Soziale Integration ; Seoul ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Economics ; Korea, Republic of ; Südkorea ; Stadtentwicklung
    Abstract: This report, undertaken within the framework of the OECD Champion Mayors for Inclusive Growth initiative, assesses inclusive growth trends and challenges in the Seoul metropolitan area. The analysis goes beyond income to assess the barriers faced by specific groups - non-regular workers, youth, women, the elderly and migrants - across four dimensions: education, labour market, housing and the urban environment, and infrastructure and public services. The study then takes a closer look at two major policy efforts by the Seoul Metropolitan Government to advance inclusive growth. The study analyses the city’s efforts to ensure that strategies to address climate change also protect and benefit the most vulnerable populations, notably through the Promise of Seoul, which puts citizen welfare and social inclusion at the heart of the city’s efforts to tackle climate change. The study also assesses the efforts of city authorities to level the playing field for small firms and entrepreneurs through its Economic Democratisation Agenda.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264281776
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (90 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Facilitating the reform of economic instruments for water management in Georgia
    Keywords: Wasserpolitik ; Wasserversorgung ; Georgien ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Georgia
    Abstract: This study assesses the use of economic instruments for water resources management in Georgia and considers options for reform following the 2014 signature of an Association Agreement with the EU committing to alignment with the EU’s Water Framework Directive. This includes the systematic use of economic instruments, including water pricing, to recover the cost of water services provided to households, industry and farmers, among other measures. Three main economic instruments are recommended in this study: 1) the introduction of a licensing regime and charges for both surface water and groundwater abstraction, 2) the restoration of a licencing and charging regime for all forms of water pollution, and 3) more rigorous enforcement of these measures, including more active monitoring and higher fines for offenders. Implementing these measures will be greatly facilitated by the enactment of the new Water Law now being examined by the government of Georgia.
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789264292659
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Implementing the OECD Principles on Water Governance
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Water and its improved governance are critical for economic growth, social inclusiveness and environmental sustainability. Three years after the adoption of the OECD Water Governance Principles, this report takes stock of their use and dissemination. It provides a water governance indicator framework and a set of evolving practices for bench-learning, building on lessons learned from different countries and contexts. Based on an extensive bottom up and multi-stakeholder process within the OECD Water Governance Initiative (WGI), these tools are conceived of as voluntary methodologies to be carried out at country, region, basin and/or city levels to improve water policies. The indicator framework is composed of a traffic light system based on 36 input and process indicators and a checklist with questions on a number of more specific governance conditions. The framework concludes with an action plan to help prioritise steps towards better design and implementation of water policies.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264301672
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (125 p.)
    Series Statement: Les essentiels de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Economics
    Abstract: Dans le cadre de l’initiative de l’OCDE relative aux Nouvelles approches face aux défis économiques (NAEC), des experts de l’Organisation et des personnalités extérieures ont été invités à examiner la théorie de la complexité. Celle-ci permet de mieux comprendre le caractère interdépendant des tendances et influences qui façonnent notre environnement socio-économique. Dans leurs contributions, rassemblées dans cette publication, ces experts examinent les hypothèses, les points forts et les failles des modèles analytiques traditionnels. Ils proposent aussi des pistes pour construire de nouveaux modèles qui prennent en compte des dimensions comme la psychologie, l’histoire et la culture. Les auteurs s’intéressent à la science économique en tant que telle, au système financier et aux applications de la théorie de la complexité à l’élaboration des politiques publiques et à la gouvernance. Un nouveau regard sur la science économique s’impose. Il devrait prendre en compte les espérances, les valeurs, les attitudes et comportements des individus, au même titre que les faits et les données que les économistes ont davantage l’habitude de traiter.
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9789264302754
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Indonesia 2018 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Indonesien ; Taxation ; Indonesia
    Abstract: This report contains the 2018 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Indonesia.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264289925
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (300 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Przeglądy Polityk Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich: Polska 2018
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD rural policy reviews
    Keywords: Entwicklungsplanung ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Polen ; Agriculture and Food ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Economics ; Poland
    Abstract: Poland has seen impressive growth in recent years, and yet regional disparities in economic and social outcomes remain large by OECD standards. The overall living conditions in rural communities generally remain below those of urban communities, and rural households face higher poverty rates. This study examines the range of policies impacting rural development in Poland. It offers recommendations on how to boost agricultural productivity, support economic diversification, enhance inter-municipal co-ordination, deepen decentralisation, and improve multi-level governance.
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789264289048 , 9789264190115 , 9789264298354
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ageing and employment policies
    Keywords: Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; USA ; Employment ; United States
    Abstract: In the United States, employment rates at older ages are comparatively high at 62% among 55-64 year-olds against 59% on average in OECD countries in 2016. However, there are large disparities across population groups. Early retirement remains a widespread phenomenon, especially among workers from vulnerable socio-economic backgrounds. Preventing old-age disparities in terms of employment outcomes and retirement income from widening is crucial. This report looks at the various pathways out of the labour market for older workers, and how employers can be supported to retain and hire older workers. It examines the best ways that the United States can promote the employability of workers throughout their working lives and more equal outcomes among older workers.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264303829 , 9789264301924 , 9789264303102
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (236 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Caminos de Desarrollo
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Multi-dimensional Review of Paraguay: Volume I. Initial Assessment
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Economics ; Paraguay
    Abstract: Paraguay ha alcanzado un crecimiento económico rápido y sólido y ha progresado en una amplia serie de indicadores del desarrollo tras dejar atrás un largo periodo de instabilidad económica y política a principios de los años 2000. En 2014, el país adoptó su primer Plan Nacional de Desarrollo, fijando el rumbo hacia una ambiciosa visión para el futuro del país. Para mantener el ritmo del crecimiento económico y lograr un desarrollo más inclusivo, Paraguay tendrá que superar múltiples obstáculos institucionales, económicos y sociales, que plantean retos a su modelo de desarrollo. Este primer volumen del Estudio Multidimensional de Paraguay analiza el desempeño reciente del país y presenta los principales obstáculos a su desarrollo. Se estudian cinco grandes áreas, que corresponden a las áreas clave de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible: prosperidad, bienestar de las personas, planeta, paz e instituciones, y alianzas y financiamiento.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264310346 , 9789264307315 , 9789264310339
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Mental Health and Work
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mental health and work
    Keywords: Psychische Krankheit ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Neuseeland ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; New Zealand ; Neuseeland ; Psychische Gesundheit ; Psychische Störung ; Arbeit ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Gesundheitsfürsorge
    Abstract: Tackling mental health problems of the working-age population is a key issue for labour market and social policies in OECD countries, not just for health systems. Governments increasingly recognise that policy has a major role to play in keeping people with mental health conditions in employment or bringing those outside of the labour market into it, and in preventing mental illness. This report on New Zealand is the tenth in a series of reports looking at how broader education, health, welfare and labour market policy challenges are being tackled in a number of countries. The report is also the first one published after the endorsement of the OECD Recommendation of the Council on "Integrated Mental Health, Skills and Work Policy" and assesses New Zealand's performance against the strategic policy framework agreed by all OECD countries. The report concludes that awareness and policy thinking is well developed in New Zealand but that structural and institutional weaknesses limit the provision of timely, integrated health and employment services, with particularly disappointing outcomes for the indigenous population. Against the background of the OECD Council Recommendation, the report proposes improvements in policy development and policy implementation to make youth, workplace, health and welfare policies ready for the challenge.
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789264291058
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Forum mondial sur la transparence et l'échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales : France 2018 (Deuxième cycle) : Rapport d'examen par les pairs sur la demande d'échange de renseignements
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: France 2018 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Frankreich ; Taxation ; France
    Abstract: This report contains the 2018 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of France.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264288287
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Recruiting Immigrant Workers
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Recruiting immigrant workers
    Keywords: 2018 ; Arbeitsmigranten ; Migrationspolitik ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Australien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Australien ; Ausländischer Arbeitnehmer ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    Abstract: Australia has always been a nation of immigrants. More than one quarter of its population in 2015 was born abroad. Immigrants make an important economic and demographic contribution and help address skill and labour shortages. Labour migration is managed through a complex, but well-functioning and effective system which sets and respects annual migration targets. In recent years, the labour migration system has shifted from a mainly supply-driven system to a system where demand-driven migration represents close to half of the permanent skilled migration programme and demand-driven temporary migration has also risen sharply. In addition, two-step migration has gained ground in recent years. The review examines the implications of these changes for the composition of immigrants and their labour market outcomes. Moreover, it discusses recent changes in the tools used to manage labour migration and provides a detailed analysis on the impact of the introduction of SkillSelect on the efficiency of the system. Finally, the review discusses the extent to which the current labour migration system responds to the labour market needs of Australia's States and Territories.
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789264291034
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (116 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Estonia 2018 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Estland ; Taxation ; Estonia
    Abstract: This report contains the 2018 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Estonia.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264308077 , 9789264308084 , 9789264208261
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Working better with age
    Keywords: Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Südkorea ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: Korea faces unique ageing and employment challenges. On the one hand, it will experience much faster population ageing than any other OECD country: the old-age dependency ratio (population aged 65+ over population aged 15-64), for example, is projected to increase from 20% today to around 70% in 2050. On the other hand, employment rates of older workers are already very high: in the age group 65-69, for example, 45% of all Koreans work compared with an OECD average of 25% (2016 data). However, most older people in Korea end up in poor-quality jobs after ending their core career in their early 50s, with low and insecure earnings and little or no social protection. This report looks at the reasons for the current labour market and income situation of older workers in Korea, especially the role of employment and employer practices. It examines the best ways forward for policy makers and employers to increase the quality of life and work of older workers whilst maintaining their high employment rate.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789264306059
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Austria 2018 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Österreich ; Taxation ; Austria
    Abstract: This report contains the 2018 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Austria.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264300477 , 9789264305892 , 9789264305977
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Indigenous employment and skills strategies in Canada
    Keywords: Indigene Völker ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Kanada ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Canada
    Abstract: This report looks at a range of key labour market, economic and social indicators related to Canada’s growing Indigenous population, which comprises First Nations, Inuit and Métis. In 2016, there were over 1.6 million Indigenous People in Canada, accounting for 4.9% of the total population, which is a significant increase from 3.8% in 2006. The report looks at the implementation of the federal government’s Indigenous Skills and Employment Training Strategy through in-depth analysis across four case study areas, including 1) the Centre for Aboriginal Human Resources and Development in Winnipeg, Manitoba; 2) Community Futures Treaty Seven in Calgary, Alberta; 3) MAWIW Council in Fredericton, New Brunswick; and 4) Kiikenomaga Kikenjigewen Employment and Training Services (KKETS) in Thunder Bay, Ontario. The report highlights critical success factors to better link Indigenous People to high quality jobs while also providing recommendations regarding future labour market and skills programming for Indigenous People in Canada.
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789282198940
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Roundtable Reports no.172
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Safety Management Systems (SMS) helps managers better monitor and understand the safety performance of their organisation. Increasingly prevalent in the past two decades, SMS provide a rigorous framework for analysing hazards and controlling risks. This report reviews the history and the workings of SMS and addresses the role of the regulator in an SMS environment. It discusses how to overcome obstacles to SMS implementation, introduces resilience engineering as a way to measure the effectiveness of SMS and finally examines how accident investigations can help address deficiencies in the SMS. Many of the concepts and notions brought forward in this report apply equally to all modes of transport as well as any industry that operates with inherent hazards that can lead to safety risks.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9789264304390
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Projekt Gewinnverkürzung und Gewinnverlagerung
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Impedir la utilización abusiva de convenios fiscales, Acción 6 – Informe final 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Empêcher l'octroi inapproprié des avantages des conventions fiscales, Action 6 - Rapport final 2015
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Preventing the Granting of Treaty Benefits in Inappropriate Circumstances, Action 6 - 2015 Final Report
    Keywords: Taxation ; Economics
    Abstract: Die Bekämpfung von Gewinnverkürzung und Gewinnverlagerung (BEPS) ist Staaten weltweit ein zentrales Anliegen. 2013 verabschiedeten die OECD- und G20-Staaten in gleichberechtigter Zusammenarbeit einen 15-Punkte-Aktionsplan gegen BEPS. Diese Publikation ist der Abschlussbericht zu Punkt 6.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789264310933 , 9789264310940 , 9789264309586
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (484 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Harmful tax practices - 2017 peer review reports on the exchange of information on tax rulings
    Keywords: Steuerpolitik ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Steuerharmonisierung ; Transparenz ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation
    Abstract: BEPS Action 5 is one of the four BEPS minimum standards which all Inclusive Framework members have committed to implement. One part of the Action 5 minimum standard is the transparency framework for compulsory spontaneous exchange of information on certain tax rulings which, in the absence of transparency, could give rise to BEPS concerns. Over 120 jurisdictions have joined the Inclusive Framework and take part in the peer review to assess their compliance with the transparency framework. Specific terms of reference and a methodology have been agreed for the peer reviews to assess a jurisdiction’s implementation of the minimum standard. The review of the transparency framework assesses jurisdictions against the terms of reference which focus on five key elements: i) information gathering process, ii) exchange of information, iii) confidentiality of the information received; iv) statistics on the exchanges on rulings; and v) transparency on certain aspects of intellectual property regimes. Recommendations are issued where improvements are needed to meet the minimum standard. This report reflects the outcome of the second annual peer review of the implementation of the Action 5 minimum standard and covers 92 jurisdictions. It assesses implementation for the 1 January 2017 – 31 December 2017 period.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264291805
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: The Bahamas 2018 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Bahamas ; Taxation ; Bahamas
    Abstract: This report contains the 2018 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of the Bahamas.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264306714 , 9789264306875 , 9789264306523
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Keywords: Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: This report assesses the key bottlenecks within the water-energy-land-food nexus in Korea, and proposes policy recommendations and governance arrangements to future-proof environmental integrity and enhance sustainable growth. The increasing pressure caused by urbanisation, industrialisation, population growth and climate change in Korea has led to more land consumption and augmented water supply, at the expense of the environment and at a high cost for public finance. Korea has engaged with the OECD via a national policy dialogue to explore best practices from the wider international community to better manage the nexus at the river basin scale.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264290679
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (260 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD territorial reviews
    Keywords: Regionalentwicklung ; Regionalpolitik ; Regionalplanung ; Norwegen ; Schweden (West) ; Schweden (Süd) ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Economics ; Norway ; Sweden ; Skandinavien West ; Landesplanung ; Regionalentwicklung
    Abstract: In an increasingly globalised world, cities and regions sometimes join forces with their neighbours to form "megaregions" and tap economies of scale. This report discusses how eight cities and counties in Norway and Sweden - along the coast joining up Oslo, Gothenburg and Malmö - have decided to work closer together as the megaregion of “Western Scandinavia”. With a total population of about 5 million inhabitants, this cross-border territory shows good potential to draw on its growing economic and cultural interlinkages, as well as its long history of institutional collaboration, to build a stronger, more sustainable and more inclusive megaregion. The report encourages local authorities to identify a common vision for their shared future development and to take concrete action towards implementing it. It also calls for national governments to tackle the challenges of cross-border transport planning to facilitate greener mobility and more inclusive labour markets.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264309845 , 9789264309852 , 9789264309838
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Getting Skills Right
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Getting skills right
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; Bildungspolitik ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Brasilien ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Brazil ; Brasilien ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: The world of work is changing. Digitalisation, deepening globalisation and population ageing are having a profound impact on the type and quality of jobs that are available and the skills required to perform them. To what extent individuals, firms and economies can harness the benefits of these changes critically depends on the readiness of adult learning systems to help people develop relevant skills for this changing world of work. In Brazil, the speed of population ageing is projected to be significantly faster than what has been experienced by most developed economies. At the same time, increasing integration into the global economy will create new opportunities and propel growth. But it will also affect the content of exports and the stage at which Brazil contributes for Global Value Chains (GVCs). Profound changes in the economy are to be expected in the coming decades. As these changes have not yet fully materialised, Brazilian policy makers have a window of opportunity to prepare for the transformations ahead. This report aims at providing policy recommendations, based on best practices internationally, to prepare the Brazilian adult learning system so that it is ready to support people in acquiring the relevant skills for the future.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264288133 , 9789264291980 , 9789264297999
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Competitiveness and Private Sector Development
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Повышение конкурентоспособности в странах Центральной Азии
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Enhancing competitiveness in Central Asia
    Keywords: Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Betriebliches Umfeld ; Zentralasien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Zentralasien ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Wirtschaft
    Abstract: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan have recorded impressive economic growth rates since 2000, driven mainly by the export of commodities and labour. However, the end of the commodity super-cycle and the recent economic slowdown highlighted the risks inherent in this reliance on minerals exports and remittances, as well as the challenges to be overcome to achieve more stable and inclusive growth. The Central Asian countries have long recognised the importance of enhancing the competitiveness of their economies, diversifying the production structures and improving the resilience to external shocks. This will require ambitious reforms in three areas: governance, connectivity, and business environment. This publication focuses mostly on aspects of the business environment and reflects several years of OECD work with Central Asian countries on access to finance, business internationalisation and skills development. Each of the country case studies presented here is the result of a country-specific project carried out by the OECD, hand-in-hand with the governments of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan.
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789282116234
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Research Reports
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Calles más seguras : Benchmarking mundial de seguridad vial urbana
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This document aims to support cities in setting road safety targets and to monitor progress in improving urban road safety. Pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists account for nearly 80% of urban traffic fatalities. Cities should thus intensify efforts to improve the safety of vulnerable road users. This document presents traffic safety indicators for different road user groups collected in 31 cities to facilitate the evaluation, monitoring and benchmarking of road safety outcomes. It places a particular attention on measuring the risk of fatality per unit distance travelled.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264302914
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 Online-Ressource)
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Reshaping decentralised development co-operation
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Dezentralisierung ; Geberländer ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development
    Abstract: Over the last decades, and in line with the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, cities and regions have played an important part in helping to implement global agendas at local level through their Decentralised Development Cooperation (DDC) activities. This report analyses the evolution of financial flows, emerging trends and innovative paradigms related to the development co-operation of local and regional governments, including but not limited to official development assistance extended by sub-national governments. It promotes a territorial approach to development co-operation and provides policy recommendations to maximise the effectiveness, benefits and outcomes of DDC at all levels, while acknowledging the diversity of approaches, definitions and concepts across OECD DAC countries active in DDC.
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789264309173 , 9789264309166 , 9789264307292
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Poza PKB. Mierzmy To Co Ma Znaczenie Dla Rozwoju Społeczno Gospodarczego
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Jenseits des BIP: Was bei der wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Entwicklung wirklich zählt
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Stiglitz, Joseph E., 1943 - Beyond GDP
    DDC: 330
    RVK:
    Keywords: Sozialer Indikator ; Lebensqualität ; Soziale Lage ; Bruttoinlandsprodukt ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Messung ; Environment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Soziale Situation ; Lebensqualität ; Bruttoinlandsprodukt ; Wirtschaftsindikator ; Messung
    Abstract: Metrics matter for policy and policy matters for well-being. In this report, the co-chairs of the OECD-hosted High Level Expert Group on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress, Joseph E. Stiglitz, Jean-Paul Fitoussi and Martine Durand, show how over-reliance on GDP as the yardstick of economic performance misled policy makers who did not see the 2008 crisis coming. When the crisis did hit, concentrating on the wrong indicators meant that governments made inadequate policy choices, with severe and long-lasting consequences for many people. While GDP is the most well-known, and most powerful economic indicator, it can’t tell us everything we need to know about the health of countries and societies. In fact, it can’t even tell us everything we need to know about economic performance. We need to develop dashboards of indicators that reveal who is benefitting from growth, whether that growth is environmentally sustainable, how people feel about their lives, what factors contribute to an individual’s or a country’s success. This book looks at progress made over the past 10 years in collecting well-being data, and in using them to inform policies. An accompanying volume, For Good Measure: Advancing Research on Well-being Metrics Beyond GDP, presents the latest findings from leading economists and statisticians on selected issues within the broader agenda on defining and measuring well-being.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264302259
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (196 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Digital Transformation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD reviews of digital transformation
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Schweden ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Sweden
    Abstract: OECD Reviews of Digital Transformation: Going Digital in Sweden analyses recent developments of the digital economy in the country, reviews policies related to digitalisation and makes recommendations to increase policy coherence in this area. The report examines recent developments in infrastructures for the digital economy, telecom markets and related regulations and policies in Sweden. It reviews trends in the use of digital technologies by individuals, businesses and the government, and examines policies to foster diffusion. Digital security policies are discussed with a view to assess its strengths and limitations. The report also examines opportunities and challenges raised by digitalisation in key areas and analyses policy responses to these changes. The areas covered range from global value chains and innovation to jobs, skills and work in the digital economy. The report reconsiders these policies in relation to their coherence among different domains and in order to foster synergies across government ministries, levels and institutions, based on the policy framework of the OECD-wide "Going Digital: Making the Transformation Work for Growth and Well-being" project.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264304062
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Working together for local integration of migrants and refugees in Barcelona
    Keywords: Flüchtlinge ; Migranten ; Soziale Integration ; Barcelona ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Spain
    Abstract: In Barcelona, the rate of foreign residents has quintupled since 2000, and in 2017, 23% of the population was foreign-born. From the late 1990s until today, the municipality has followed an intercultural strategy to implement inclusive measures for local migrant integration. These measures have been recently reinforced to welcome asylum seekers who tripled between 2015 and 2017. For this group, the municipality set up targeted housing and reception policies that complement the national reception system. Migrants have access to municipal measures in key sectors such as housing, minimum living allowances and labour market integration - by the employment service Barcelona Activa - on the same basis as the other residents. Further, Barcelona has developed sensitization initiatives to curb discrimination and improve service delivery in the most disadvantaged neighbourhoods. The municipality has developed local coordination mechanisms with migrant associations and non-governmental organisations that aim to share information, avoid duplication and maximise the access to services such as language classes for migrants. Yet, migrants are particularly affected by socio-economic inequalities particularly following the economic crisis. This report sheds light on how the municipality and non-state partners work together with the other levels of government for sustainable migrant and refugee integration.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264303911 , 9789264304826 , 9789264304819
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Australian services trade in the global economy
    Keywords: Dienstleistungshandel ; Australien ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Trade ; Australia
    Abstract: This book presents an in depth analysis of the contribution of services to the Australian economy, the regulatory environment of the services sector and its performance in an international context. The analysis highlights the importance of co-ordinated domestic policy action, priorities for promoting behind-the-border regulatory reforms in strategic international markets, and the benefits of an ambitious bilateral, plurilateral and multilateral trade policy agenda that contributes to rules-based certainty and predictability in services trade globally.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264300385 , 9789264301375 , 9789264301368
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Divided cities
    Keywords: Stadtsoziologie ; Stadtentwicklung ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: This report provides an assessment of spatial inequalities and segregation in cities and metropolitan areas from multiple perspectives. The chapters in the report focus on a subset of OECD countries and non-member economies, and provide new insights on cross-cutting issues for city neighbourhooods, such as the patterns of segregation across income groups, migrant concentration and diversity across cities of different sizes, the role of public transport accessibility in widening intra-city inequalities, and the expected path dependency on outcomes related to segregation. The report also discusses methodological alternatives for measuring different dimensions of inequality and segregation across cities, and highlights the role of public policies in bridging urban divides and the relevance of the scale of analysis in order to make sound international comparisons.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Title: 日本:高齢化社会における包摂的な成長の促進
    ISBN: 9789264299900
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Japan: Promoting Inclusive Growth for an Ageing Society
    Keywords: Economics ; Japan
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264301726
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Economic Surveys: Costa Rica 2018
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Études économiques de l'OCDE : Costa Rica 2018 (version abrégée)
    Keywords: Economics ; Costa Rica
    Abstract: Costa Rica ha conseguido altos niveles de bienestar. Sin embargo, muchos obstáculos institucionales están dificultando un crecimiento más robusto y una distribución más amplia de sus ganancias. Poner en marcha un “círculo virtuoso” de crecimiento inclusivo requerirá reformas en varias áreas de política, que presentan oportunidades de ganancia para todos en términos de mejoras en equidad y en productividad. Reequilibrar el gasto hacia la educación en edad temprana y la educación secundaria mejoraría los resultados educativos, así como la equidad, y también ayudaría a incrementar el bajo nivel de participación femenina en el mercado laboral. Costa Rica debería moverse a un gasto en educación orientado al logro de resultados de política, con apoyo de indicadores de desempeño. Se debería continuar con las políticas para reducir la informalidad del mercado laboral, incluyendo mayor verificación del cumplimiento del pago de contribuciones a la seguridad social y un traslado gradual a un menor número de salarios mínimos. Eliminar exenciones injustificadas al régimen de competencia impulsaría el crecimiento de la productividad. Los desbalances fiscales siguen siendo la principal amenaza para el crecimiento y los estándares de vida en el mediano plazo. Se necesita un conjunto exhaustivo de reformas fiscales para detener el rápido aumento de la razón de deuda a PIB, incluyendo medidas para aumentar los ingresos tributarios y recortar el gasto, fortalecer el marco presupuestario con una nueva regla fiscal que sea operacional, y restringir los destinos específicos. TEMAS ESPECIALES: POLÍTICA FISCAL; PRODUCTIVIDAD; CRECIMIENTO INCLUSIVO
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264299320
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Working together for local integration of migrants and refugees in Altena
    Keywords: Flüchtlinge ; Migranten ; Soziale Integration ; Kleinstadt ; Deutschland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Altena is a small industrial town in the Land of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The city has experienced a significant decline in its population in recent decades and further substantial decreases are predicted through 2030. In this context, the municipality has come to approach migrant integration as a chance to revive the city, counteract demographic change and fill existing labour force demands. In 2015, the city took on 100 more asylum seekers and refugees than required by federal allocation. In 2017, migrants made up 11.3% of the total population of Altena and the majority (54%) have lived there for longer than ten years. This report presents the way Altena and its state and non-state partners are addressing migrant integration issues and opportunities. In particular, the report sheds light on how refugees and asylum seekers have benefited from housing and civic participation programmes as well as the local responses to the peak in refugee and asylum seeker arrivals since 2015. In such a context, when migrant integration is part of the local development strategy, one key question is “How to encourage migrants stay in Altena?”.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264290716
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (169 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Economics ; Brazil
    Abstract: O forte crescimento e o considerável progresso social das últimas duas décadas fez do Brasil umas das principais economias do mundo, apesar da profunda recessão da qual a economia está agora se recuperando. No entanto, o Brasil continua sendo um dos países mais desiguais do mundo e as contas públicas deterioraram-se significativamente. Reformas abrangentes são necessárias para sustentar o progresso em matéria de crescimento inclusivo. Um melhor direcionamento do gasto social nas famílias pobres reduziria a desigualdade e ao mesmo tempo asseguraria a sustentabilidade da dívida pública. Isso exigirá escolhas políticas difíceis, principalmente em relação à previdência social e às transferências sociais. A redução das transferências econômicas para o setor corporativo, juntamente com avaliações mais sistemáticas dos programas de gastos públicos, reforçará o crescimento, aperfeiçoará a governança econômica e limitará o escopo futuro do rentismo e dos subornos políticos. Para manter o potencial de crescimento da economia, é preciso mais investimento, o que pode elevar a produtividade e, ao mesmo tempo, o escopo de futuros aumentos de salário. Simplificar os impostos, reduzir os custos administrativos e agilizar a emissão de licenças aumentaria o retorno do investimento. Uma concorrência mais forte permitiria aos empreendimentos de alto desempenho prosperarem e aumentaria as oportunidades de investimento. Ao mesmo tempo, as barreiras comerciais isolam as empresas das oportunidades globais e da competição internacional. Maior integração na economia mundial levará ao aumento da competitividade das empresas brasileiras e abrirá novas oportunidades de exportação. CARACTERÍSTICAS ESPECIAIS: FORTALECER O INVESTIMENTO E A INFRAESTRUTURA; FOMENTAR A INTEGRAÇÃO NA ECONOMIA MUNDIAL
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789264302730
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Guernsey 2018 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Guernsey ; Taxation ; Guernsey
    Abstract: This report contains the 2018 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Guernsey.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9789264306042
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Aruba 2018 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Aruba ; Taxation ; Aruba
    Abstract: This report contains the 2018 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Aruba.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264284319
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (292 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Энергетические субсидии в странах Восточного партнерства ЕС
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Inventory of energy subsidies in the EU's Eastern Partnership countries
    Keywords: Subvention ; Energie ; Energiepolitik ; EU-Nachbarstaaten ; Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development
    Abstract: This publication aims to provide the first comprehensive and consistent record of energy subsidies in the EaP region, with a view to improving transparency and establishing a solid analytical basis that can help build the case for further reforms in these countries (this study covers Armenia, Azerbaijan Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine). Based on OECD standard methodology, the study provides quantitative estimates of government support provided to consumers and producers of coal, oil and related petroleum products, natural gas, and electricity and heat generated on the basis of these fossil fuels. This report also briefly looks at public support allocated to energy efficiency measures and renewable energy sources in the EaP countries, and discusses the taxation and energy pricing policies that underpin the analysis of energy subsidies. This publication was prepared within the framework of the “Greening Economies in the Eastern Neighbourhood” (EaP GREEN) Project, supported by the European Union and co-ordinated with governments of the EaP countries and UN partners: UNECE, UN Environment and UNIDO.
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789264306103
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Brazil 2018 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Brasilien ; Taxation ; Brazil
    Abstract: This report contains the 2018 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Brazil.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264307254 , 9789264307247 , 9789264306486
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe L'apprentissage et l'alternance en sept questions : Leçons des expériences internationales
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Seven questions about apprenticeships
    Keywords: Betriebliche Ausbildung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Berufsausbildung
    Abstract: After a period of relative neglect in many countries, apprenticeships and other forms of work-based learning are experiencing a revival. Their effectiveness in easing school-to-work transitions and serving the economy is increasingly recognised. However, engaging individuals, employers, social partners and education and training systems in such learning remains a significant challenge. In light of this, Seven Questions about Apprenticeships draws out policy messages on how to design and implement high-quality apprenticeships, using material from the OECD project Work-based Learning in Vocational Education and Training. It presents answers to seven questions commonly asked by governments and practitioners seeking to either introduce or reform apprenticeship systems for young people and/or older workers. Can apprenticeships provide a useful contribution in every country? Should employers receive financial incentives for providing apprenticeships? What is the right wage for apprentices, and how long should an apprenticeship last? How can we ensure a good learning experience at work? How can apprenticeships be made to work for youth at risk? And how to attract potential apprentices? The study establishes principles of effective practice by building on new analytical work and examples of effective practice from around the world.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789264307513 , 9789264310773 , 9789264310780
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur l'éducation et la formation professionnelles
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Seven Questions about Apprenticeships: Answers from International Experience
    Keywords: Education ; Employment
    Abstract: Aujourd’hui, la formation en alternance et les autres types de formation en milieu professionnel prennent un nouvel essor, après avoir été relativement négligés dans de nombreux pays. Leur efficacité pour faciliter le passage de l’école à la vie active et répondre aux besoins de l’économie est de plus en plus largement reconnue. Toutefois, faire œuvrer ensemble dans un tel cadre individus, employeurs, partenaires sociaux et systèmes d’enseignement et de formation demeure une tâche ardue. C’est pourquoi L’apprentissage et l’alternance en sept questions fournit des indications aux pouvoirs publics sur la manière d’organiser et de mettre en œuvre la formation en alternance afin d’en garantir la qualité. Les messages formulés s’appuient sur les conclusions du projet de l’OCDE sur la formation en milieu professionnel dans le cadre de l’éducation et de la formation professionnelles. Cette publication vient répondre à sept questions récurrentes chez les décideurs et les acteurs du terrain qui souhaitent mettre en place ou réformer le système de formation en alternance à destination des jeunes et des moins jeunes. L’alternance est-elle une option avantageuse dans tous les pays ? Les employeurs doivent-ils être incités financièrement à offrir des contrats en alternance ? Quel est le juste niveau de salaire des alternants et combien de temps leur formation doit-elle durer ? Comment garantir une bonne initiation pratique en entreprise ? Comment faire en sorte que la formation en alternance donne de bons résultats pour les jeunes en difficulté ? Comment attirer de potentiels alternants ? Cet ouvrage identifie les principes d’une pratique efficace à partir de travaux d’analyse originaux et d’exemples concrets relevés dans le monde entier.
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789264291171
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: New Zealand 2018 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Neuseeland ; Taxation ; New Zealand
    Abstract: This report contains the 2018 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of New Zealand.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264282346
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Getting Skills Right
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Getting skills right
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Bildungspolitik ; Spanien ; Education ; Employment ; Spain ; Spanien ; Jugendarbeitslosigkeit ; Ausbildung ; Berufliche Integration
    Abstract: This report identifies effective strategies to tackle skills imbalances in Spain. It provides an assessment of practices and policies in the following areas: the collection and use of information on skill needs to foster a better alignment between skills acquisition and labour market needs; education and training policies targeting skills development and investment for individuals and employers; activation policies to develop skills through on-the-job learning; and policies facilitating the entry of migrants with skills that are in demand. The assessment is based on country visits, desk research and data analysis conducted by the OECD secretariat.
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789264291119
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Ghana 2018 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Ghana ; Taxation ; Ghana ; Ghana ; Finanzverwaltung ; Steuer
    Abstract: This report contains the 2018 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Ghana.
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789264306141
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Saint Kitts and Nevis 2018 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; St. Kitts und Nevis ; Taxation ; Saint Kitts and Nevis
    Abstract: This report contains the 2018 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Saint Kitts and Nevis.
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789264302839
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: San Marino 2018 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; San Marino ; Taxation ; San Marino
    Abstract: This report contains the 2018 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of San Marino.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264301450
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (236 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als SME and entrepreneurship policy in Kazakhstan 2018
    Keywords: 2018 ; KMU ; Unternehmer ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Kasachstan ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Kazakhstan ; Kasachstan ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Entrepreneurship
    Abstract: The government of Kazakhstan has set an objective to substantially increase the contribution of SMEs and entrepreneurs to employment and value added in the economy. Although there are large numbers of SMEs and entrepreneurs in the country, achieving this growth will require a step change in the productivity of existing SMEs and the emergence of many more medium-sized and growth-oriented firms. This report shows the important achievements of the government in creating a clear vision and structures for SME and entrepreneurship policy, including major improvements in business regulations and through the introduction of the Business Road Map 2020 programme offering direct supports to SMEs and entrepreneurs in areas such as financing and infrastructure. It also highlights the current challenge of doing more to strengthen management capabilities, skills, and innovation in SMEs and new enterprises, and makes a range of specific recommendations for policy actions including further building the incubator and Entrepreneurship Support Centre infrastructure, introducing dedicated support for high-growth potential enterprises, and stimulating supply chain linkages around foreign director investors.
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789264302853
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: United States 2018 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; USA ; Taxation ; United States
    Abstract: This report contains the 2018 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of United States.
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789282188071
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Roundtable Reports no.169
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This report examines how ports can accommodate changes in maritime transport (such as the arrival of mega-ships) while adapting to developments in the hinterland (notably in their host cities). It presents considerations and recommendations for policy-makers to help find a mutually beneficial balance between port and city, with a special section dedicated to Buenos Aires and its container port. The publication summarises the results of a Roundtable held in Buenos Aires in 2017.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264297005 , 9789264282490 , 9789264282483
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (376 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 2017 OECD 디지털경젗 젂망
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Digital Economy Outlook 2017
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectivas de la OCDE sobre la Economía Digital 2017
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: La publication biennale des Perspectives de l’économie numérique de l’OCDE examine et décrypte les évolutions et les opportunités et défis qui se font jour dans l’économie numérique. Elle met en lumière la manière dont les pays membres et les économies partenaires de l’OCDE tirent parti des technologies de l’information et des communications (TIC) et de l’internet pour atteindre leurs objectifs d’action publique. Données comparatives à l’appui, elle signale les pratiques réglementaires et les lignes d’action dont les décideurs peuvent s’inspirer pour optimiser le potentiel de l’économie numérique au service de l’innovation et de la croissance inclusive.
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  • 51
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264300699
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Germany: Towards Stronger, Fairer and Greener Growth
    Keywords: Economics ; Germany
    Abstract: Insgesamt geht es der deutschen Wirtschaft gut. Dennoch meinen viele Deutsche, nicht ausreichend am Wirtschaftsaufschwung teilzuhaben, da ihres Erachtens ihr Wohlstand durch den technologischen Wandel, den Wettbewerb aus dem Ausland und die Ankunft von Migranten herausgefordert wird. Um sich diesen Herausforderungen zu stellen, muss die neue deutsche Regierung nicht nur Wachstum, sondern auch Nachhaltigkeit der Wirtschaft fördern und gleichzeitig sicherstellen, dass alle von der florierenden Wirtschaft in Deutschland profitieren und kein Teil der Bevölkerung zurückgelassen wird. Dafür ist ein robustes Wachstum des Bruttoinlandprodukts wesentlich. Dies setzt jedoch eine bessere Innovationspolitik, den Einsatz der modernsten Technologien in Unternehmen, weitere Investitionen in Infrastruktur und Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie sowie den Aufbau von Kompetenzen voraus. Auch die Arbeits- und Sozialpolitik ist so zu gestalten, dass sie einen reibungslosen digitalen Wandel ermöglicht. Zudem sollten öffentliche Investitionen erhöht werden, vor allem für die Entwicklung der Vorschul- und Primarstufe sowie der Verkehrsinfrastruktur. Ebenfalls erforderlich sind Maßnahmen zur Verringerung des Ungleichgewichts auf dem Wohnungsmarkt und eine bessere Anbindung der ländlichen Gebiete an die dynamischen urbanen Zentren. Schließlich sollte die deutsche Regierung eine Beschäftigungs-, Bildungs- und Steuerpolitik verabschieden, die allen – auch Frauen, jungen Menschen und älteren Arbeitnehmern – den Zugang zu anspruchsvollen Stellen erlaubt und die Klimaziele des Landes umsetzt.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264304116
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Working together for local integration of migrants and refugees in Athens
    Keywords: Flüchtlinge ; Migranten ; Soziale Integration ; Athen ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Greece
    Abstract: Migrants, including native-born children with migrant parents, account for 23% of Athens’ population (664 046 people), while the number of refugees and asylum seekers has rapidly increased since 2015 and is currently estimated at 18 000. To respond to the refugee inflow, Athens developed bold and innovative initiatives, often beyond their direct responsibilities, and sought supra-national and non-state sources of funding (i.e. Stavros Niarchos Foundation, British American Tobacco, etc.). This emphasis on reception and integration of newcomers is the result of strong political will and cooperation with non-state actors, in line with the city's broader priorities since 2010 including anti-discrimination and improving equal access to social services. Integrating newcomers through jobs is particularly challenging given the high unemployment rate that Greece has experienced. In addition, newcomers often have the desire to continue their journey towards northern European countries, reducing their incentives to integrate and learn Greek. While identifying various innovative practices, the OECD case study of Athens highlights the need for more reliable sources of financing and dialogue among levels of government. Data on migrant integration at the local level would support more evidence-based national, regional and local policy making.
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  • 53
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264301665 , 9789264305496 , 9789264305489
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Opportunities for all
    Keywords: Wirtschaftswachstum ; Soziale Integration ; Wachstumspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics
    Abstract: Globalisation, digitalisation, demographics and climate change are transforming our economies and our societies. They provide new opportunities for growth but at the same time increase the risk of deeper inequalities, in a context where these are already high. Reducing inequalities by making growth beneficial for all is the best way to build strong foundations for future prosperity and to give everyone the opportunity to contribute and succeed. To make this happen, equality needs to be considered from the start when governments design growth policies, rather than tackled afterwards through redistribution. Such an ex ante approach can help people, firms and regions fulfil their potential and drive growth, both locally and globally. By better aligning domestic and international policies, opportunities for growth can be used more effectively to provide higher standards for protection of social, environmental and human rights around the world. The OECD has developed a Framework for Policy Action on Inclusive Growth to help governments to improve the prospects of those currently being left behind. Using a dashboard of indicators, the framework presents key policy recommendations to sustain and more equitably share the gains of economic growth by investing in people and places that have been left behind, supporting business dynamism and inclusive labour markets, and building efficient and responsive governments.
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  • 54
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264293021
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The Productivity-Inclusiveness Nexus
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Ce rapport sur L’articulation entre productivité et inclusivité rassemble les toutes dernières évidences empiriques sur les principaux facteurs du ralentissement des gains de productivité et des fortes inégalités ; il suggère de possibles liens et fondements communs à ces deux tendances ; il dégage de premières conclusions sur les ensembles de mesures à mettre en œuvre et sur les implications qui en découlent pour l’élaboration des politiques ; en outre il propose des domaines précis qui pourraient faire l’objet de recherches plus approfondies. Le principal message de ce rapport est un appel aux responsables de l’action publique afin qu’ils adoptent une approche plus globale et plus inclusive de la croissance de la productivité visant à développer tous les actifs productifs d’une économie en développant les compétences, en mettant en place un environnement où toutes les entreprises peuvent prospérer et en investissant dans les régions à la traîne. L’objectif premier de cette approche est d’élargir la base productive de l’économie de façon à générer à terme des gains de productivité solides et durables auxquels chacun soit en mesure de contribuer tout en s’assurant par ailleurs que chacun, dans la société, puisse en bénéficier et voir s’améliorer son niveau de vie et ses perspectives. Pour ce faire, il faudra établir un cadre d’action complet qui tienne compte de l’ensemble des interactions entre inégalités et productivité, et du jeu de ces interactions au sein des pays, et entre les régions, les entreprises et les individus. Un tel cadre peut aider les responsables de l’action publique à mettre en place des mesures ex ante et ex post visant à promouvoir les synergies, et à gérer les situations dans lesquelles les politiques à l’appui de la productivité ont un impact sur les inégalités.
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  • 55
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264304147
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Working together for local integration of migrants and refugees in Vienna
    Keywords: Flüchtlinge ; Migranten ; Soziale Integration ; Wien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Austria
    Abstract: Fast population growth in the city of Vienna is largely related to international migration. Long-standing migrant communities represent half of Vienna’s population. In 2016, 50% of the inhabitants had migrant backgrounds, and since 2015, the number of refugees and asylum seekers in the city has increased. Since 1971, the city has developed dedicated administrative structures and local policies for migrants. A dedicated municipal unit (MA17) oversees how departments achieve migration-sensitive standards in their respective policy fields and produces the yearly Vienna Integration and Diversity monitoring report. A good practice is “Start Wien”, a comprehensive coaching and information programme addressing newcomers (including asylum seekers) for the first two years after arrival. After that, foreign residents benefit from non-targeted measures, for instance from a programme fighting labour market exclusion of low-skilled groups. Vienna has avoided high segregation due to its large and well spread social housing. However migrants can only access it after five years of residency in the city, before which they rely on private rental market. Vienna establishes close contacts with migrant associations and NGOs at the district level and engages public consultations when formulating integration concepts. This report sheds light on how the municipality and non-state partners work together with the other levels of government for sustainable migrant and refugee integration.
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  • 56
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264305748 , 9789264306400 , 9789264306417
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Estudio de cooperación regulatoria internacional de México
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Review of international regulatory co-operation of Mexico
    Keywords: Regulierung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Mexiko ; Governance ; Trade ; Mexico
    Abstract: International regulatory co-operation (IRC) represents an important opportunity for countries, and in particular domestic regulators, to consider the impacts of their regulations beyond their borders, expand the evidence for decision-making, learn from the experience of their peers, and develop concerted approaches to challenges that transcend borders. This report provides the first OECD assessment of a country’s IRC framework and practices. Mexico’s active efforts to embrace globalisation are reflected in many aspects of its domestic policies, practices and institutions. On one hand, it has undertaken unilateral efforts to embed international considerations in its domestic rule-making through regulatory improvement disciplines and with the consideration of international standards in the drafting of technical regulations. On the other hand, the Mexican government and individual regulators also engage extensively in co-operative efforts on regulatory matters, at the bilateral, regional and multilateral level. Based on the overview of Mexico’s practices and comparison with other OECD countries, the review recommends three areas for improvement: designing a horizontal government-wide strategy for IRC, enhancing information about the tools and benefits of IRC, and offering the necessary tools to support systematic implementation of IRC.
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  • 57
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264311589 , 9789264311572 , 9789264308817
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (392 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Des emplois de qualité pour tous dans un monde du travail en mutation : La stratégie de l’OCDE pour l'emploi
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Good jobs for all in a changing world of work
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; OECD ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    Abstract: The digital revolution, globalisation and demographic changes are transforming labour markets at a time when policy makers are also struggling with persistently slow productivity and wage growth and high levels of income inequality. The new OECD Jobs Strategy provides a comprehensive framework and detailed policy analysis and recommendations to help countries promote not only strong job creation but also foster job quality and inclusiveness as central policy priorities, while emphasising the importance of resilience and adaptability for good economic and labour market performance in a rapidly changing world of work. The key message is that flexibility-enhancing policies in product and labour markets are necessary but not sufficient. Policies and institutions that protect workers, foster inclusiveness and allow workers and firms to make the most of ongoing changes are also needed to promote good and sustainable outcomes. “The OECD’s latest Jobs Strategy is a smart and sensible updating and rethinking of how countries should advance the goal of shared prosperity. I hope policymakers around the world not only read it but take its important advice.” Jason Furman, Professor Harvard Kennedy School and former Chairman of President Obama’s Council of Economic Advisers “Inequality, economic insecurity, economic exclusion, are making the headlines. Anger is high, populist rhetoric is on the rise. What can be done? What strategies to adopt? These are the challenging questions taken up by the new OECD Jobs Strategy report. I hope the report triggers the very serious discussions these issues deserve.” Olivier Blanchard, Senior Fellow at the Peterson Institute, Emeritus Professor at MIT and former Chief Economist of the IMF
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  • 58
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264293137 , 9789264300637 , 9789264300644
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Productivity and jobs in a globalised world
    Keywords: Regionalpolitik ; Produktivität ; Regionaler Arbeitsmarkt ; Globalisierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Trade
    Abstract: This report looks at how regional policies can support productivity growth and jobs. While there has been a remarkable decline in inequality in OECD countries, inequality among regions within certain countries has increased over the same time period. Regions that narrowed productivity gaps tended to benefit from economically vibrant tradable sectors and integration with well-functioning cities. This report considers in detail the role of the tradable sector as a driver of productivity growth and its relationship with employment. It addresses the possible risks of a growing tradable sector and how diversification is central to strengthening regional economic resilience. It considers how regions integrate global value chains and highlights the role of regional and policy links in fostering productivity growth and job creation. It asks what policies can help better anticipate or cushion shocks from trade in specific regions and, more generally, what strategies and framework conditions are conducive for regional productivity and employment growth.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789264301481
    Language: Ukrainian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (348 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Maintaining the Momentum of Decentralisation in Ukraine
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Ukraine
    Abstract: У фокусі публікацій результатів дослідження Багаторівневе державне управління - поступ України у сфері регіонального розвитку, територіальної реформи й децентралізації за період від 2014 року. Уряд започаткував реформу з метою об’єднати місцеві органи влади і підсилити процес децентралізації, а також надати органам врядування суб-національного рівня додаткові повноваження й ресурси. За короткий час зроблено успішні кроки на шляху об’єднання територіальних громад для більшої податково-бюджетної, адміністративної та політичної децентралізації. Крім цього, розроблено Державну стратегію регіонального розвитку на період 2015-2020 р.р. У новостворених об’єднаних територіальних громадах відбулися перші місцеві вибори, й деякі місцеві органи врядування вже надають ширший спектр публічних послуг. Проте, залишається спектр важливих проблем, - від необхідності знаходити рішення, адаптувати багаторівневе державне управління і територіальний устрій в умовах зростання нерівності до кращої структуризації процесу фіскальної децентралізації. У даному звіті подано результати діяльності регіонів та нерівності в Україні, опис територіальної реформи, що зараз триває, підходів до децентралізації, проаналізовано вплив заходів фіскальної децентралізації. Звіт також містить аналіз конкретного прикладу – сектору транспорту. У звіті надано низку рекомендацій щодо дій на підтримку України задля формування умов успішної децентралізації.
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9789264289932
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 p.)
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; France
    Abstract: The risk of the Seine flooding the Ile de France region is a major one. In 2014, the OECD estimated that flooding comparable to the historic 1910 flood could affect up to 5 million citizens and cause damage costing up to 30 billion euros. This update tracks the progress made since 2014 and identifies remaining challenges.
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9789264290082
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 p.)
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; France
    Abstract: Le risque d’inondation de la Seine en Île-de-France constitue un risque majeur. L’OCDE estimait en 2014 qu’une inondation comparable à la crue historique de 1910 pourrait affecter jusqu'au 5 millions de citoyens et causer de 3 à 30 milliards d’euros de dommages directs selon les scénarios. Cette publication suit les progrès réalisés depuis 2014 et identifie les défis restants.
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  • 62
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264293014
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Multi-level Governance Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rethinking regional development policy-making
    Keywords: Regionalpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Regionalentwicklung ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Regionalentwicklung ; Regionalpolitik
    Abstract: This report takes stock of discussions held between academics and country practitioners during a series of seminars organised in 2017 by the OECD and the European Commission that focused on opportunities to improve the design and delivery of regional development policies. What can governments do to enhance economic development in regions and cities ? What lessons can be drawn from theory and practice to ensure public spending and investments contribute to regional development as effectively as possible ? At a time of increasing pressure on public finances it is paramount to enhance the effectiveness of regional policy governance instruments to add value to public spending and investment. Bringing together frontier economic theory and country practices regarding performance frameworks, financial instruments, policy conditionalities, contractual arrangements and behavioural insights in regional policy, this report identifies cross-cutting lessons to help policy-makers manage common trade-offs when designing public expenditure and investment programmes for the development of regions and cities.
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  • 63
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264300675
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 p.)
    Series Statement: Better Policies
    Keywords: Economics ; Germany
    Abstract: Overall, the German economy is performing very well. Still, many citizens feel they do not sufficiently benefit from Germany’s good economic performance, as evidenced by the outcomes of the recent election. They perceive that their well-being is compromised by technological change, foreign competition and the arrival of migrants. Germany’s new government will have to tackle these issues by making growth not only stronger, but also fairer and greener. This report identifies key policy reforms to help the country achieve this goal, to foster productivity gains, boost public investment and ensuring that everybody can benefit from Germany’s strong economy and that no one is left behind. The German government needs the right labour, education and tax policies to foster access to quality jobs for everyone, including women, youth, the elderly and immigrants, while meeting the country’s climate objectives. The OECD is proud of its long-standing policy dialogue with Germany and looks forward to supporting the new government. Together, let us design, promote and implement better policies for better lives in Germany and worldwide.
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264301757
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Series Statement: Higher Education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Higher education in Norway
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Absolventen ; Hochschulpolitik ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Norwegen ; Education ; Employment ; Economics ; Norway
    Abstract: The higher education system in Norway generally produces graduates with good skills and labour market outcomes. This success can be largely attributed to Norway’s robust and inclusive labour market and recent higher education reforms to improve quality. However, some Norwegian students have poor labour market outcomes and past success is no guarantee of future success, especially as the Norwegian economy upskills and diversifies. This report provides advice and recommendations to improve the labour market relevance and the outcomes of higher education in Norway. The analysis finds that there is an opportunity to expand work-based learning opportunities, improve career guidance, and do a better job of using innovative learning and teaching practices to improve labour market relevance across the system. The report concludes that Norwegian policy makers have a larger role to play in steering the system. Policy makers can set the conditions for greater labour market relevance by strengthening the mechanism for collaboration between higher education institutions and employers, ensuring better coordination and use of labour market information, and redoubling efforts to support quality learning and teaching. This report was developed as part of the OECD Enhancing Higher Education System Performance project.
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789264291157
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Forum mondial sur la transparence et l'échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales : Monaco 2018 (Deuxième cycle) : Rapport d'examen par les pairs sur la demande d'échange de renseignements
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Monaco 2018 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Monaco ; Taxation ; Monaco
    Abstract: This report contains the 2018 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Monaco.
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789282117514
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Roundtable Reports no.166
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Sustainable urban transport systems require alternatives to the use of private cars that are competitive in terms of convenience and flexibility as well as cost. Mass transit systems are the central component but extension of heavy rail and metro systems is costly and these can never reach every part of the city. This report examines other options for improving public transport and extending network coverage.
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  • 67
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264306264 , 9789264307117 , 9789264307100
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als SME and entrepreneurship policy in Indonesia 2018
    Keywords: 2018 ; KMU ; Unternehmer ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Indonesien ; Employment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Indonesia
    Abstract: SMEs play an important role for economic growth and social inclusion in Indonesia. Based on data from the Ministry of Co-operatives and SMEs, Indonesian SMEs account for nearly 97% of domestic employment and for 56% of total business investment. Indonesia has a Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) Law and a specific ministry dedicated to co-operatives and SMEs. The wealth of public programmes for SMEs could be streamlined, and more could be done to support innovative companies able to generate productive jobs and participate in international markets. The development and implementation of an SME strategy would be instrumental to improve the overall coherence of national policy measures, objectives and measurable targets. The review of SME and entrepreneurship policy of Indonesia is part of a peer-reviewed series, by the OECD Working Party on SMEs and Entrepreneurship, which aims to improve the design, implementation and effectiveness of national SME and entrepreneurship policies.
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789282188736
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Roundtable Reports no.173
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This report presents international experience and lessons learned from integrated transport development in large-scale urban regions and city clusters. It serves as an input to discussions around city cluster development in China and other emerging economies. First, it assesses how regional urbanisation delivers socio-economic benefits via both agglomeration and network externalities. It then examines differences in how these benefits are delivered in single versus clustered city networks. The role of governance structures and how they might best be adapted to ensure positive outcomes is also discussed. Finally, the report addresses the potential for reforming local government financing mechanisms in China in order to guide urban growth in a sustainable manner.
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264300606 , 9789264311176 , 9789264311183
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (380 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Competition Assessment Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD competition assessment reviews ; volume II: Self-regulated professions
    Keywords: Wettbewerb ; Freie Berufe ; Selbstständige ; Portugal ; Finance and Investment ; Transport ; Portugal ; Portugal ; Freier Beruf ; Selbstständiger ; Wettbewerb
    Abstract: Portugal’s services markets are among the most heavily regulated in the OECD. As vital inputs into the business sector, services provided by professionals, such as lawyers and engineers, generate up to 1.8 times their value in outputs by firms that use them. However, structural flaws in the regulation make professional services highly expensive for firms, diminishing their ability to compete effectively. Regulatory restrictions also hamper innovation and efficiency within the professions. Against this backdrop, this report examines regulations for 13 self-regulated professions (lawyers, solicitors, notaries, bailiffs, architects, engineers, technical engineers, certified accountants, auditors, economists, customs brokers, nutritionists and pharmacists). From 923 pieces of legislation analysed, the report makes 348 individual recommendations for amending or removing provisions to improve competition, and makes a detailed inventory of the analysis underlying the work. Analysis of Portuguese legislation and professions was complemented by research into international experiences and wide consultations with stakeholders from the public and private sectors. The OECD recommendations aim to remove or modify overly restrictive provisions in order to facilitate the access or exercise of the professions, to benefit businesses and consumers alike. This report identifies the sources of those benefits and gives estimates of their impact. Provided all recommendations are fully implemented, the benefit to the economy from lifting the barriers in the 13 liberal professions is estimated at around EUR 130 million a year.
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264282957
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (412 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Investment Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD investment policy reviews
    Keywords: Investitionspolitik ; Vietnam ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: This review uses the OECD Policy Framework for Investment to present an assessment of the investment climate in Viet Nam and to discuss the challenges and opportunities faced by the government of Viet Nam in its reform efforts. It includes chapters on foreign investment trends and performance, the entry and operations of foreign investors, the legal framework for investment, corporate governance and competition policy, tax reforms, investment promotion and facilitation, infrastructure connectivity, investment framework for green growth and policies to promote and enable responsible business conduct.
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  • 71
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264302563 , 9789264308312 , 9789264308329
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Road and rail infrastructure in Asia
    Keywords: Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Schienenstrecke ; Straße ; Infrastrukturinvestition ; Asien ; Schwellenländer ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Transport ; Economics
    Abstract: Road and Rail Infrastructure in Asia: Investing in Quality discusses the challenges facing the region and possible policy options, including those previously or currently used in Emerging Asian countries, with reference to the experiences of OECD member countries. It provides analysis and recommendations for the region’s policy makers to consider in their efforts to improve the quality of infrastructure. In particular, it highlights the importance of considering the spill-over effects of infrastructure in investment decisions. A comprehensive infrastructure impact evaluation does not simply consider the financial feasibility of an individual project, but attempts to judge the full extent of the externalities of planned investments, looking at the positive and negative economic, social and environmental effects over different time periods. The report first presents project case studies, illustrating how policy makers have incorporated the principles of quality infrastructure. It then examines the local economic impact of infrastructure, the role of local governments in infrastructure development and the benefits and challenges of their involvement. It then goes on to discuss different infrastructure financing options including funding from public and private sectors, as well as public-private partnerships, and concludes with a focus on fostering improved alignment between national development strategies and infrastructure planning.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264300682 , 9789264300408
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 14.5 x 22cm.
    Series Statement: Les essentiels de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Income Inequality: The Gap between Rich and Poor
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Desigualdad de ingresos : La brecha entre ricos y pobres
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: Les inégalités de revenu s’accroissent. Il y a vingt-cinq ans, le revenu disponible moyen des 10 % les plus riches dans les pays de l’OCDE était environ sept fois plus élevé que celui des 10 % les plus pauvres ; aujourd’hui, il est environ neuf fois et demie plus élevé. Pourquoi est-ce important ? Beaucoup craignent que cet écart grandissant n’affecte les individus, les sociétés et même les économies. Cet ouvrage analyse les inégalités de revenu en cinq points. Tout d’abord, il définit les notions essentielles pour appréhender l’enjeu des inégalités. Ensuite, il décrit les tendances récentes et explique pourquoi les inégalités varient selon les pays. Puis, il se penche sur les causes des écarts de revenu grandissants et, en particulier, de l’essor des « 1 % ». Il poursuit en analysant les conséquences des inégalités, notamment en évoquant les recherches qui suggèrent un impact potentiellement négatif sur la croissance économique. Enfin, il examine les politiques visant à s’attaquer aux inégalités de revenu et à rendre nos économies plus inclusives.
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264301436 , 9789264301573 , 9789264301580
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (296 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Multi-level Governance Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Підтримання темпу процесу децентралізації в Україні
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Maintaining the momentum of decentralisation in Ukraine
    Keywords: Dezentralisierung ; Finanzbeziehungen ; Regionalentwicklung ; Ukraine ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Ukraine
    Abstract: This Multi-level Governance Series study focuses on Ukraine’s advances in regional development, territorial reform and decentralisation since 2014. The Government launched a reform to merge local governments and strengthen the decentralisation process, giving additional power and resources to sub-national authorities. In a short period, successful steps have been taken toward achieving municipal mergers and greater fiscal, administrative and political decentralisation, complemented by the State Strategy for Regional Development 2015-2020. The first local elections have been held and more public services are being delivered by certain local authorities. Yet, important challenges remain, ranging from a need to address rising disparities and adjusting multi-level governance practices and territorial structures, to better structuring fiscal decentralisation. This report addresses regional performance and disparities in Ukraine, provides insight into Ukraine’s current territorial reform and approach to decentralisation, explores the impact of fiscal decentralisation measures, and includes a case study of the transport sector. It also provides a set of recommendations for action to support Ukraine in meeting the conditions for successful decentralisation.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264289727
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mobilising finance for climate action in Georgia
    Keywords: Klimaschutz ; Klimapolitik ; Umweltschutzinvestition ; Finanzierung ; Georgien ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Georgia
    Abstract: This report discusses key issues surrounding finance mobilisation for achieving Georgia’s climate change and green growth targets, and new investment opportunities for developing its capital market. The report focuses particularly on finance for climate change mitigation from various sources – private and public, national and international – but remains relevant for other issues around the country’s green growth agenda, such as energy productivity, air pollution prevention, climate change adaptation, better waste management, conservation of natural resources, and the technologies and innovations that help tackle these issues.
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789264303379 , 9789264303362 , 9789264302334
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (296 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food and Agricultural Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Agricultural policies in India
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Indien ; Agriculture and Food ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Trade ; India
    Abstract: This report assesses the performance of agricultural and food policy in India and calculates a set of policy indicators providing a comprehensive picture of agricultural support. These indicators, developed by the OECD, are already used regularly in the analysis of the agriculture and food sector in 51 OECD countries and emerging economies and are now available for India for the first time. Government intervention in India is found to provide both negative and positive support to agriculture, with market and trade interventions often depressing prices, while subsidies to fertilisers, water, power and other inputs incentivise their use. This reveals the inherent difficulty in attempting to secure remunerative prices and higher incomes for farmers, while at the same time keeping food prices low for consumers. The report also points to policy-induced pressures on natural resources such as water and soil. Detailed recommendations are offered which, if implemented, have the potential to improve farmers' welfare, reduce environmental damage, alleviate some of the pressure on scarce resources, better prepare the sector for climate change, improve food and nutrition security for the poor, improve domestic market functioning and position India to participate more fully in agro-food global value chains.
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9789264302792
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Kazakhstan 2018 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Kasachstan ; Taxation ; Kazakhstan
    Abstract: This report contains the 2018 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Kazakhstan.
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9789264300026
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (472 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Competition Assessment Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD competition assessment reviews ; volume I: Inland and maritime transports and ports
    Keywords: Wettbewerb ; Verkehrssektor ; Hafenwirtschaft ; Portugal ; Finance and Investment ; Transport ; Portugal ; Portugal ; Hafenwirtschaft ; Verkehrssektor ; Wettbewerb
    Abstract: Portugal’s services markets remain among the most heavily regulated in the OECD. Inland and maritime transports in Portugal are a vital part of the business environment, ensuring the movement of goods and passengers and inputs for the business sector. Regulatory restrictions limit the ability of firms to effectively compete in the markets, whether as providers or customers, while hampering innovation, efficiency and productivity. Against this backdrop, this report analyses Portuguese regulations for road, railway and maritime transport, and many ancillary services (such as vehicle inspection centres), as well as Portugal’s ports. The report examines 1 064 pieces of legislation and makes 417 individual recommendations for amending or removing restrictive provisions to improve competition, and makes a detailed inventory of the analysis underlying the work. Analysis of Portuguese legislation was complemented by research into international experiences and wide consultations with public and private sector stakeholders. The OECD recommendations aim to remove or modify the provisions to benefit businesses and consumers alike. This report identifies the sources of those benefits and gives estimates of their impact. Provided all recommendations are fully implemented, the benefit to the economy from lifting the barriers in the land and maritime transport sectors is estimated to be around EUR 250 million a year.
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789264306189
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: United Kingdom 2018 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Großbritannien ; Taxation ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This report contains the 2018 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of United Kingdom.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264300521
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.) , 14.5 x 22cm.
    Series Statement: Esenciales OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Income Inequality: The Gap between Rich and Poor
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Inégalités de revenu : l'écart entre les riches et les pauvres
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: La desigualdad de ingresos va en aumento. Un cuarto de siglo atrás, el ingreso disponible promedio del 10% más rico de la población de los países de la OCDE ganaba cerca de siete veces más que el 10% más pobre; hoy, gana alrededor de nueve y media veces más. ¿Por qué es importante este dato? Muchos temen que esta creciente brecha es perjudicial para las personas, las sociedades e incluso las economías. En este libro se explora la desigualdad de ingresos bajo tres principales categorías. Se empieza por explicar algunos términos clave abordados en el discurso sobre desigualdad. Después se analizan las tendencias recientes y se describe por qué la desigualdad de ingresos varía entre un país y otro. A continuación, se estudian las razones del aumento de las brechas en los ingresos y, en particular, el incremento del 1% ubicado en el extremo superior. Asimismo, se abordan las consecuencias de lo anterior, incluidos los resultados de la investigación, los cuales sugieren que el crecimiento de la desigualdad lesionaría el crecimiento económico. Por último, se revisan las políticas para hacer frente a la desigualdad y aumentar el carácter incluyente de las economías.
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9789264310179 , 9789264310162 , 9789264308459
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Skills strategy implementation guidance for Slovenia
    Keywords: Erwachsenenbildung ; Qualifikation ; Bildungspolitik ; Slowenien ; Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Slovenia ; Slowenien ; Erwachsenenbildung
    Abstract: A well-coordinated adult learning system will be essential to support the achievement of Slovenia’s long-term development goals. The transformational effects of globalisation, technological progress and demographic change on life at work and outside of it amplify the importance of getting adults’ skills right. OECD research shows that individuals, employers and society benefit from adults having higher levels of skills. Slovenia has achieved significant improvements in student performance and tertiary attainment in recent decades. Yet today, many adults in Slovenia have only low levels of basic skills. Participation in adult learning remains below Slovenia’s targets, especially for low-skilled, unemployed and older adults, and workers in small businesses. Against the backdrop of a growing economy and awareness about the importance of skills, Slovenia’s government, social partners and stakeholders have a unique opportunity to improve how they share responsibility and work together in the adult learning system. This report outlines how Slovenia can strengthen the enabling conditions for co-operation, co-operation between specific actors (ministries, municipalities and stakeholders), and co-operation on specific challenges (promotion and financing). It recommends eight actions that government, social partners and stakeholders can take to strengthen co-ordination and co-operation, in order to improve participation, outcomes and cost-effectiveness in adult learning.
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282163740
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Research Reports
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report presents policy options for extending the life of road assets by mitigating deterioration caused by trucks. Beyond traditional engineering responses, it considers the role of trucks in road asset deterioration from a broader, demand-oriented perspective.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264305472 , 9789264305465 , 9789264303898
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD tax policy reviews
    Keywords: Steuerpolitik ; Steuersystem ; Steuerreform ; Slowenien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation ; Economics ; Slovenia
    Abstract: This report is part of the OECD Tax Policy Reviews. The Reviews are intended to provide independent, comprehensive and comparative assessments of OECD member and non-member countries’ tax systems as well as concrete recommendations for tax policy reform. By identifying tailored tax policy reform options, the objective of the Reviews is to enhance the design of existing tax policies and to support the adoption of new reforms. This report provides a comprehensive tax policy assessment of the taxes paid by individuals in Slovenia as well as tax reform recommendations. The report is divided into six chapters, with a summary of the main findings upfront, followed by more detailed recommendations at the end of chapters 3 to 6. Chapter 1 sets the scene for tax reform in Slovenia. Chapter 2 focuses on the labour market, social policy and tax policy related challenges. The ensuing chapters assess the financing of the social security system (Chapter 3), identify strategies to strengthen the design of personal income tax (Chapter 4), indirect taxes (Chapter 5), and the taxation of capital income at the individual level (Chapter 6).
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264307742 , 9789264307759 , 9789264305366
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 Seiten)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The economic effects of public stockholding policies for rice in Asia
    Keywords: Ernährungssicherung ; Reis ; Reispolitik ; Agrarproduktion ; Asien ; Agriculture and Food ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Economics ; Trade ; Asien ; Agrarproduktion ; Lebensmittelversorgung ; Reis
    Abstract: This report examines how public stockholding policies related to rice in Asia can influence domestic and international markets. Following a review of the working of rice public stockholding programmes in eight Asian countries (Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, the Philippines and Thailand), the report examines the impacts of these programmes over the medium term (2018-2030) and analyses how these impacts would change should the selected countries collectively set their public stocks to either a low or high level. Results show that the strongest impacts would occur during the three-year transition period when countries adjust their public stocks to the new levels, but that there would also be structural impacts over the medium term, although at a lower intensity, on procurement, domestic and international prices, availability, private stock levels, and public expenditure. In the event of a global production shock, the model projects that the immediate impact on prices and availability would be less severe under the high public stock scenario, but that recovery would be faster and public expenditure lower when countries hold smaller public stocks.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264298774
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (149 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Development ; Economics ; Costa Rica
    Abstract: This volume collects four studies that were prepared as background research to the 2018 OECD Economic Survey of Costa Rica. Using firm-level, trade and sectorial data, these studies seek to provide insights into the trends in productivity and its determinants in Costa Rica. This volume represents a collaborative effort by a team of researchers from the OECD Secretariat and official agencies of Costa Rica.
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789264309340 , 9789264309357 , 9789264309333
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Case studies on leaving no one behind
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Economics ; Entwicklungszusammenarbeit ; OECD
    Abstract: These case studies complement the 2018 Development Co-operation Report: Joining forces to leave no one behind. Case study contributors share knowledge and lessons on what it takes to answer the pledge of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development to leave no one behind through national and sub-national policies, strategies and programmes as well as international development co-operation projects, programmes and partnerships. The insights, good practices and lessons shared in these case studies were provided by diverse actors. These include official development co-operation ministries and agencies from members of the OECD and the Development Assistance Committee, international organisations, developing country governments, civil society organisations, business, and research bodies. The case studies highlight experiences from projects and programmes in leaving no one behind and reaching the furthest behind. They are organised and presented under two broad categories: 1. Reaching and including people and places; 2. The enabling role of international co-operation: policies, partnerships and data.
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264298880
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Housing dynamics in Korea
    Keywords: Wohnungspolitik ; Soziale Wohnungspolitik ; Städtischer Wohnungsmarkt ; Südkorea ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Korea, Republic of ; Südkorea ; Immobilienwirtschaft
    Abstract: Housing in Korea has been part of the government policy development agenda for the past three decades contributing to reducing the historical housing shortage and improving the quality of dwellings. Despite its achievements, Korea now faces a housing affordability challenge as prices are too high for several social groups (i.e. newly wedded), owner occupancy levels are decreasing, and social housing is struggling to meet demand. Korea has a complex social housing system largely focused on low-income households, who still suffer from housing poverty in terms of housing stability, affordability and quality. A holistic view on housing policy to promote a more inclusive society and sustainable economic growth is needed. To overcome the current housing challenge requires expanding the network of public housing providers by including the private and community sectors that could alleviate the government’s financial burden. Korea is linking housing and urban regeneration strategies to respond to the complex challenges of social inclusion, job creation, housing and economic revitalisation. Korea has been at the forefront of smart city development for more than a decade, which has brought benefits to Korean cities such as integrated transport systems, and it is now committed to applying the concept as a vehicle for inclusive growth.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Title: Повышение роли Шардаринской многоцелевой водохозяйственной инфраструктуры в Казахстан
    ISBN: 9789264310063
    Language: Russian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Strengthening Shardara Multi-Purpose Water Infrastructure in Kazakhstan
    Keywords: Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Kazakhstan
    Abstract: Вода – ресурс, крайне необходимый для экономического роста, окружающей среды и здоровья человека. Тем не менее, эффективное и результативное управление водными ресурсами является вызовом для правительств многих стран мира. Проблема сложная и многогранная: миллиарды людей не имеют пока доступа к безопасной воде и надлежащему водоотведению; конкуренция за воду между разными видами водопользования и водопользователями растет; и требуются значительные капвложения для поддержания и улучшения водохозяйственных систем, как в странах-членах ОЭСР, так и в других странах. Данная серия исследований ОЭСР по воде содержит анализ водной политики и руководства по экономическому, финансовому и организационному аспектам управления водными ресурсами. Эти аспекты обычно находятся в центре водных проблем и в них содержится ключ к решению сложных задач водной политики. В мире имеется более 8000 крупных систем многоцелевой водохозяйственной инфраструктуры (МЦВИ), которая вносит вклад в экономическое развитие, а также водную, продовольственную и энергетическую безопасность. МЦВИ включают в себя все рукотворные водохозяйственные системы: дамбы, плотины, водохранилища и связанные с ними оросительные каналы и системы водоснабжения. На примере Шардаринской МЦВИ, которая находится в бассейне нижней Сыр-Дарьи в Южно-Казахстанской и Кзыл-ординской областях Казахстана, данный отчет рассматривает варианты и наполнение стратегий инвестирования в МЦВИ, которые обеспечат высокую экономическую отдачу и потенциальную финансовую окупаемость проектов, причем делает это с помощью применения специальной компьютерной модели и на основе изучения опыта 15 различных МЦВИ, расположенных в разных странах мира.
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9789264299023 , 9789264300705 , 9789264304697
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (608 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Understanding National Accounts: Second Edition
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Actualizada de acuerdo con el SCN 2008 y el SEC 2010 Esta segunda edición de Comprendiendo las Cuentas Nacionales brinda una explicación exhaustiva de cómo se compilan las cuentas nacionales. Contiene nuevos datos y nuevos capítulos, corresponde a los nuevos sistemas de cuentas nacionales, SNA 2008 y ESA 2010, y está adaptada a América Latina con capítulos sobre Colombia y Costa Rica. Aborda las cuentas nacionales desde una perspectiva verdaderamente global, con secciones especiales dedicadas a las comparaciones internacionales, la globalización y el bienestar, así como a los sistemas nacionales utilizados en las principales economías de la OCDE, como los Estados Unidos. Cada capítulo del manual utiliza ejemplos prácticos para explicar los conceptos clave en las cuentas nacionales de forma clara y accesible. Y, cada capítulo concluye con una síntesis de los puntos clave tratados en el capítulo, seguida por los recursos para seguir explorando el tema y una serie de ejercicios para evaluar su conocimiento. Es una guía ideal sobre las cuentas nacionales para estudiantes y otros lectores interesados.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Title: Повышение конкурентоспособности в странах Центральной Азии
    ISBN: 9789264298019 , 9789264290129 , 9789264292086
    Language: Russian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (240 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Enhancing Competitiveness in Central Asia
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: В Казахстане, Кыргызстане, Монголии, Таджикистане, Туркменистане и Узбекистане начиная с 2000 года зарегистрирован впечатляющий экономический рост, обусловленный главным образом экспортом сырьевых товаров и рабочей силы. Однако завершение товарного суперцикла и недавнее замедление темпов экономического роста выявили наличие рисков, неизбежно сопровождающих такую зависимость от экспорта полезных ископаемых и от притока денежных переводов; также проявились и трудности, которые предстоит преодолеть для достижения более стабильного и всеобъемлющего роста. В странах Центральной Азии давно признана важность повышения конкурентоспособности экономики, диверсификации структур производства и повышения устойчивости к внешним потрясениям. Для решения этих задач потребуются амбициозные реформы в трех областях: государственное управление, торгово-транспортная связность и деловая среда. Настоящая публикация посвящена главным образом аспектам делового климата и отражает результаты работы ОЭСР со странами Центральной Азии, проделанной за несколько лет, в области доступа к финансированию, интернационализации предприятий и совершенствования профессиональных навыков. Каждое из представленных здесь ситуационных исследований по отдельным странам является результатом одного из проектов, осуществляемых ОЭСР совместно с правительствами Казахстана, Кыргызстана, Монголии, Таджикистана и Узбекистана.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264299603
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Working together for local integration of migrants and refugees in Gothenburg
    Keywords: Flüchtlinge ; Migranten ; Soziale Integration ; Göteborg ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Sweden
    Abstract: Today, 34% of the population of Gothenburg, Sweden, was born outside of the country or has at least one parent born abroad. The city is growing at a fast pace: 4 400 new residents registered in 2016. Newcomers account for the bulk of demographic growth, of which 12 858 refugees settled in the city between 2010 and 2016. However, migration is not a new phenomenon in Gothenburg, with nearly 41.7% of migrant residents having arrived more than 10 years ago. The Gothenburg municipality has a significant track record in managing the impact of migration on local demand for work, housing, goods and services, cultural and linguistic diversity, and other parts of daily life. This report presents the way Gothenburg municipality and its state and non-state partners are addressing migrant integration issues and opportunities. It compiles data and qualitative evidence on how local integration efforts are designed and implemented within a multi-level governance framework.
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  • 91
    ISBN: 9789264302884
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (308 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Morocco
    Abstract: Le Maroc est l'un des premiers pays, et le seul au Moyen-Orient et en Afrique du Nord, à bénéficier d'un Programme-pays de l'OCDE. Cet outil stratégique offre un cadre de collaboration privilégié et renforcé entre le Maroc et l’OCDE. Signé le 15 juin 2015, le Programme-pays comprend 16 projets incluant des revues de politiques publiques, des examens par les pairs, des activités de renforcement des capacités et l'inclusion à des outils statistiques de l'OCDE. Il prévoit également une participation renforcée aux activités de 9 comités, et l'adhésion à 9 instruments juridiques de l'OCDE. Le Dialogue Maroc-OCDE sur les politiques de développement régional, projet phare du programme pays Maroc, a accompagné la mise en œuvre de la régionalisation avancée entre 2016-2017. Il a mobilisé plus de 800 parties prenantes marocaines autour de quatre priorités: (i) la métropolisation, à travers la gouvernance de métropolitaine de Casablanca ; (ii) les liens urbain-rural, dans les provinces de Taounate et de Berrechid ; (iii) le renforcement des capacités pour la production, l’usage et la gouvernance des indicateurs territoriaux ; et (iv) la gouvernance de l’investissement public entre niveaux de gouvernement pour accompagner l’adhésion du Maroc à la Recommandation de l’OCDE sur l’Investissement Public Efficace entre Niveaux de Gouvernement.
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9789282108291
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (166 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Les rapports de table ronde du FIT no.161
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Les partenariats public-privé (PPP) constituent un moyen important d’associer le secteur privé au financement, au déploiement et à la gestion des infrastructures. La renégociation fait partie intégrante de tout PPP, mais l’on n’y accorde pas la même importance partout dans le monde. Utilisée à bon escient, elle permet d’adapter les termes du contrat en cas d’imprévu étranger aux parties. Le risque existe aussi qu’il y soit recouru pour revenir sur l’équilibre coûts-avantages du PPP tel qu’il avait été initialement défini. L’objet de ce rapport est de passer en revue les formes de renégociation de PPP observées dans diverses régions du monde et à différentes époques afin d’aider à mieux comprendre à quel moment l’exercice est souhaitable ou non. La conclusion générale à en tirer est qu’un contrat bien établi ne devrait être que rarement renégocié, et ce de façon très espacée.
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264299207
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Series Statement: Better Policies
    Keywords: Economics ; Japan
    Abstract: Japan has achieved a comparatively high level of well-being: skill levels are high, unemployment is low and life expectancy at birth is the highest in the OECD. Since its launch in 2013, Abenomics has had a positive effect on the economy, and per capita output growth has picked up. However, to achieve inclusive growth and greater well-being, Japan needs to address important challenges to foster fiscal sustainability, narrow the productivity gap with leading OECD countries and manage the demographic transition. A new fiscal plan going beyond achieving a primary surplus should lay out concrete measures to raise revenues and control spending. As Japan’s population ages, using all available talent in the labour market and achieving gender equality are key to overcome labour shortages. Boosting productivity, which has been stagnant, will require increasing returns from R&D, capitalising on the digital economy, fostering the dynamism of SMEs, and reducing barriers to foreign direct investment and trade to promote greater integration into global value chains. Japan’s education system is one of the top performers in the OECD, but there is scope to further invest in teachers and schools. Finally, further action to foster green growth and environmental quality as well as effectively leveraging upcoming international sports events, such as the Rugby World Cup 2019 and the Olympic and Paralympic Games 2020, would also boost local development and inclusive growth. The complementarity of reforms needed to achieve inclusive and sustainable growth in in an aging society makes a compelling case for a comprehensive approach.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264298644
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (280 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Bildungswesen ; Bildungspolitik ; Weiterbildung ; Italien ; Education ; Employment ; Italy ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Italy needs to take prompt action to bolster growth and improve people’s skills across the country. As our economies adapt to globalisation, technological and demographic change, the demand for new and higher levels of skills increases. Yet Italy is struggling more than other advanced economies to meet these changing demands. Italy has launched a number of ambitious reforms to boost growth. But the reforms need to fully implement to ensure that schools, universities and workplaces equip all Italians with the skills needed for success in the economy and society. The OECD Skills Strategy Diagnostic Report makes a number of recommendations that will help sustain this positive momentum including, among others, to: Implement the Alternanza Scuola Lavoro (ASL) by training school principals and teachers to effectively engage employers in the design of work-based learning activities and increase incentives for firms to hire trainees. Expand and improve the quality of professional tertiary education institutions (ITS). Increase overall investment in tertiary education Subsidise training programmes that target low-skilled adults who often face difficulties in accessing such opportunities. Increase public and private investment in skills and improve how they are allocated through monitoring and evaluation. Improve the governance system to ensure that skills polices are aligned and coordinated.
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264293199
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (163 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Green Growth Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Environmental policy toolkit for SME greening in EU Eastern partnership countries
    Keywords: Mittelstandspolitik ; Umweltmanagement ; Umweltpolitik ; Osteuropa ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This toolkit, based on existing good practice, aims to help governments in the EU’s Eastern Partnership (EaP) countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine) to design and implement key instruments to promote environmental compliance and green business practices among small and medium-sized enterprises. Reducing the environmental impact of SMEs in both manufacturing and services is a key success factor in greening the economy. At the same time, improving environmental performance is a significant business opportunity for SMEs as important suppliers of goods and services. Developed under the EaP GREEN project, this report will be of interest to environmental and economic ministries, as well as business associations and non-governmental and academic institutions in EaP countries.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264292093
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (378 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Migrant Education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The Resilience of Students with an Immigrant Background
    Keywords: Studierende ; Schüler ; Migranten ; Bildungsverhalten ; Bildungspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Europa ; Schüler ; Student ; Einwanderer ; Bildungspolitik
    Abstract: Migration flows are profoundly changing the composition of classrooms. Results from the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) reveal that in 2015, almost one in four 15-year-old students in OECD countries reported that they were either foreign-born or had at least one foreign-born parent. Between 2003 and 2015, the share of students who had either migrated or who had a parent who had migrated across international borders grew by six percentage points, on average across OECD countries. The Resilience of Students with an Immigrant Background: Factors that Shape Well-being reveals some of the difficulties students with an immigrant background encounter and where they receive the support they need. The report provides an in-depth analysis of the risk and protective factors that can undermine or promote the resilience of immigrant students. It explores the role that education systems, schools and teachers can play in helping these students integrate into their communities, overcome adversity, and build their academic, social, emotional and motivational resilience.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264289697 , 9789264289970
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 14.5 x 22cm.
    Series Statement: Les essentiels de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Envejecimiento : Análisis de temas de actualidad
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Ageing: Debate the Issues
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: Le vieillissement a de nombreuses répercussions sur les individus et la société dans son ensemble. Mais ses conséquences sur les soins de santé, la vie professionnelle et le bien-être en général ne sont pas toujours telles que nous l’imaginons. Le rapport de la série Les essentiels de l’OCDE : débattre des enjeux consacré au vieillissement examine les problèmes, les défis et les opportunités que représente le vieillissement pour les citoyens et les pouvoirs publics des pays développés et en développement. Des experts de l'OCDE ou d’ailleurs dans les domaines de la démographie, de la recherche médicale, des retraites, de l’emploi et autres, y présentent leurs analyses et points de vue sur l'une des tendances les plus déterminantes pour nos societés.
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789282187203
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Roundtable Reports no.171
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This report examines how efficiency and resilience can be balanced in the management of multi-modal supply chains. It investigates the trade-off between supply chain resilience and efficiency, the approaches to sustainability in supply chain management, innovation and technological development, collaboration and alliances and risk mitigation. The report summarises findings from an ITF Roundtable held in April 2018.
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9789264304482 , 9789264305625 , 9789264305632
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD territorial reviews
    Keywords: Wirtschaftslage ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Räumliche Erreichbarkeit ; Morelos (Staat) ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Mexico
    Abstract: This report assesses the extent to which the state of Morelos, Mexico has implemented the OECD recommendations set in the Territorial Review of Morelos, published in 2017. The recommendations addressed matters of human capital, education, skills, innovation, territorial development, sustainable development, governance and public finances. For each of them, the monitoring toolkit indicates areas of change, identifies bottlenecks and proposes ways forward. The timeframe of implementation is also considered. The report further analyses the impacts of the earthquake of 19 September 2017 and the policy responses adopted in its aftermath. It offers advice on how to lead a reconstruction process that delivers a better state of affairs than the previous one, especially concerning territorial development and infrastructure investments. It advances a new topic, on connectivity and accessibility, in view of recent investments in rail and road infrastructure.
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  • 100
    ISBN: 9789264291133
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Series Statement: Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Hungary 2018 (second round)
    Keywords: Steuer ; Finanzverwaltung ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Ungarn ; Taxation ; Hungary
    Abstract: This report contains the 2018 Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request of Hungary.
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