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  • MARKK  (22)
  • Online Resource  (22)
  • Halle/Saale : Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology  (22)
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  • Online Resource  (22)
  • Book  (45)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    From colonialism to collaboration : disputing biofuels in the age of the anthropocene (2020)
    Halle/Saale : Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 Seiten, 0,59 MB)
    Series Statement: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers No. 201
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Canfield, Matthew From colonialism to collaboration
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Biofuels are a major source of conflict in debates over global food and energy security. In the face of climate change, biofuels are being promoted as a new form of “green energy.” However, transnational agrarian movements argue that biofuels exacerbate global food insecurity by lowering global food stocks and increasing global food prices. To manage this conflict, new arenas of multi-stakeholder, collaborative governance have proliferated on multiple political scales. This paper examines the emergence of collaborative governance within the historical context of shifting global arrangements of food and energy production, or what I term “energopolitical regimes.” Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in the UN Committee on World Food Security, I argue that collaboration is emerging as a contested regulatory ideology in the age of the Anthropocene. As actors engage in collaboration in the face of shifting environmental-human relations, they face new political and ethical dilemmas.
    URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-123854
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/pubs/wps/pdf/mpi-eth-working-paper-0201
    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/cms/en/publications/working_papers/wp0201
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/pubs/wps/pdf/mpi-eth-working-paper-0201
    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/cms/en/publications/working_papers/wp0201
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    MARKK
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Negotiating "Ḥalāl" consumption : the interplay of legitimacy, trust, and religious authority (2020)
    Halle/Saale : Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 Seiten, 0,76 MB) , Illustration
    Series Statement: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers No. 200
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Salim, Abdelghafar Negotiating "Ḥalāl" consumption
    Abstract: The term ḥalāl as used in the context of Europe’s food production industry is not congruent with the religious sense and the translation of the term as it is explained by Islamic legal scholars. In the food industry ḥalāl seems to represent a kind of religious branding, especially in non-Muslim societies, that indicates a product meets the dietary needs of a specific group, i.e., Muslims. This discrepancy in the way the term is used raises questions of religious authority, legitimacy, and trust among the actors involved. On the basis of an ethnographic case study conducted in Leipzig, a city located in Eastern Germany, this paper investigates how practicing Muslims negotiate ḥalāl-complaint consumption in a non-majority Muslim society. By looking at the social and legal context in which Muslims are embedded, the paper argues that the legal constraints of ḥalāl slaughter in Germany, on the one hand, and the lack of centralized Muslim authority, on the other, influence Muslims’ consumption behavior. The paper concludes by arguing that the principle of trust seems to be the most important aspect when purchasing ḥalāl products and it can to some extent outweigh the legitimacy of the ḥalāl certificate. In addition, the paper delivers novel insights into the way Muslim actors negotiate normative orders (šarīʿa and state-centered law), especially the issue of ḥalāl and ‘ḥalālness’, within the complex context of a non-Muslim society.
    URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-123846
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/pubs/wps/pdf/mpi-eth-working-paper-0200
    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/cms/en/publications/working_papers/wp0200
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    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/pubs/wps/pdf/mpi-eth-working-paper-0200
    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/cms/en/publications/working_papers/wp0200
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    MARKK
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
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    The promise of paper : files, movement and "progress" in a Rio de Janeiro men's prison (2020)
    Halle/Saale : Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (27 Seiten, 0,44 MB)
    Series Statement: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers No. 202
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Thompson, David The promise of paper
    URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-135539
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/pubs/wps/pdf/mpi-eth-working-paper-0202
    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/cms/en/publications/working_papers/wp0202
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    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/pubs/wps/pdf/mpi-eth-working-paper-0202
    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/cms/en/publications/working_papers/wp0202
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    MARKK
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
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    En route to protection : a literature review of key issues in refugee law (2020)
    Halle/Saale : Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 Seiten, 0,72 MB)
    Series Statement: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers No. 203
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bianchini, Katia En route to protection
    Abstract: Migrants and asylum seekers have been at the forefront of international, regional, and national debates for nearly two decades. During this period, the challenges related to their protection needs have been widely researched and the body of literature has become very vast. However, many issues remain underexplored, both in specialized migration literature and socio-legal analysis. Within this context, the overarching aim of this working paper is to provide a literature review on key protection issues in refugee law and contribute to the academic debates on the limitations of the existing legal provisions. By reviewing mostly legal and, to a lesser degree, social science studies, the paper highlights the shortcomings of the law, encompassing both legal gaps and implementation problems in two main thematic areas that affect EU member states individually or the EU as a whole – namely access to the territory and access to asylum once in the country of refuge. The paper concludes with some remarks on the status of the current scholarship and hopes to establish the basis for future interdisciplinary research in legal and social sciences.
    URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-135545
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/pubs/wps/pdf/mpi-eth-working-paper-0203
    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/cms/en/publications/working_papers/wp0203
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    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/pubs/wps/pdf/mpi-eth-working-paper-0203
    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/cms/en/publications/working_papers/wp0203
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    MARKK
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
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    Language, nationhood, and systems : insights from language policy at the University of Makeni, Sierra Leone (2020)
    Halle/Saale : Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 Seiten, 0,49 MB)
    Series Statement: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers No. 204
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als O'Kane, David Language, nationhood, and systems
    Abstract: This paper examines language and national identity in Sierra Leone using Eric Kaufmann’s (2017) model of the rise of nationalism, which rests on four ‘pillars’ derived from complexity and systems theory: ‘tipping points’, feedback loops, distributed knowledge, and emergence. The ‘emergence’ here is that of nations and nation-states, which often involve some form of linguistic nationalism. In this form of nationalism, a language or languages are nominated as the keystone of national identity or the indispensable medium of communication in the systems that make up the nation-state apparatus and the civil society that accompanies it. The relationship between language and nationalism has been a difficult one in many African countries since independence. One such case is Sierra Leone, where ethnic languages, a lingua franca, and English all coexist within what one writer has called a ‘language ecology’. The evolution of that ecology is driven not only by national-level policy, but also by the independent policy decisions of civil society organisations such as the University of Makeni, Sierra Leone’s first private university. A consideration of the roots of the language policy of that university suggests that Kaufmann’s model of nationalism’s emergence has merit, but that it should be supplemented by attention to the exogenous factors that drive the crises through which his four ‘pillars’ have their combined effect.
    URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-135553
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    MARKK
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
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    "I have never been unemployed" : narratives of work, worth and worthlessness in an East German town (2019)
    Halle/Saale : Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 Seiten, 0,25 MB)
    Series Statement: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers No. 198
    Abstract: This paper discusses the narratives regarding (un)employment which emerged before, during and after German reunification in the East German town of Zwickau. Previous research in the anthropology of postsocialism has argued that the experience of work in socialism provided a foundation for East Germans to contest the viability of modern capitalism. However, I argue that such a “social” alternative has been to a large extent defeated by neoliberal hegemonic discourse. I do so by focusing on the narratives of worth and worthlessness in relation to employment, as well as the processes that shaped these narratives. First, I briefly present my field site and elaborate on the methods of my field research on the automotive industry in Zwickau. Second, using the life story of one of my informants, I show the disparity between personal experiences of dispossession and individual moral economic dispositions. Finally, I discuss the heightened moral and social importance of work in postsocialist former East Germany, the turbulence of its labour market since 1989, the process of welfare state retrenchment, and the narrative of labour shortage as factors which paved the way for the establishment of neoliberal hegemony. These developments, I argue, also contributed to framing issues of employment in individual rather than structural terms.
    URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-119728
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/5404957/mpi-eth-working-paper-0198.pdf
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    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/5404957/mpi-eth-working-paper-0198.pdf
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    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/5404957/mpi-eth-working-paper-0198.pdf
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
    GRASSI Mus. Leipzig
  • 7
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    Konfliktregulierung in Deutschlands pluraler Gesellschaft: "Paralleljustiz"? : konzeptioneller Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts (2019)
    Halle/Saale : Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 Seiten, 0,44 MB)
    Series Statement: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers No. 199
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Elliesie, Hatem Konfliktregulierung in Deutschlands pluraler Gesellschaft: "Paralleljustiz"?
    RVK:
    PI 5030
    RVK:
    LB 79015
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Einwanderer ; Lebenswelt ; Rechtskultur ; Nichtstaatlicher Akteur ; Konfliktlösung
    Abstract: Dieses Working Paper legt die konzeptionellen Konturen des in der Abteilung ‚Recht & Ethnologie‘ des Max-Planck-Instituts für ethnologische Forschung angesiedelten Forschungsprojektes „Konfliktregulierung in Deutschlands pluraler Gesellschaft“ vor der Feldforschung der Teilprojektvorhaben im Jahre 2019 dar. Ziel der Forschung ist es, durch eine multiperspektivisch angelegte Betrachtungsweise ausgewählte ethnisch und/oder religiös geprägte Einwanderungsgemeinschaften in ihren spezifischen Lebenswelten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland in den Blick zu nehmen. Der Fokus des Gesamtprojekts liegt dabei auf Ausprägungen von Konfliktkonstellationen, die aus staatlicher Sicht im Grundsatz ein zivil- und/oder strafrechtliches Substrat ausweisen. Die Teilprojekte, die jeweils Lebenswelten ausgewählter Einwanderungsgemeinschaften in den Blick nehmen, sollen dabei möglichst komparativ ausgestaltet sein, und ausgehend von jeweils unterschiedlichen Ansätzen Akteur*innen, deren Rechtsbewusstsein und Prozessen der Aushandlung von Konflikten nachgehen. Der in der breiten Öffentlichkeit verbreiteten Prämisse, es handele sich hierbei grundsätzlich um eine sogenannte Paralleljustiz, soll dabei kritisch-reflektierend nachgegangen werden. Bei dem im Sprachgebrauch der Debatte verwendeten Wortsinn des Begriffs Paralleljustiz handelt es sich um ein Phänomen, bei dem eine justizähnliche Autorität in einer gerichtsförmig verfassten Struktur ausgeübt wird, die a priori im Gegensatz zu rechtsstaatlichen Grundsätzen steht und jegliche Interaktion mit staatlichen Einrichtungen ausschließt. Dies wurde bisher jedoch wissenschaftlich in dieser Bestimmtheit nicht belegt. Das Forschungsvorhaben stellt daher als Ausgangspunkt die Hypothese auf, dass konfliktregulierende Verfahren in der Form, wie sie die Vertreter*innen der sogenannten Paralleljustiz verstehen, nicht per se als parallel zu betrachten sind. Wenn man den Akteur*innen eine rational handelnde Rechtssubjektivität zuschreibt, ist es viel eher denkbar, dass Akteur*innen ihre Anliegen in gerichtliche wie außergerichtliche Bestandteile aufspalten (forum shopping), um aus der betreffenden Fallkonstellation eine für sie jeweils möglichst optimale Rechtsfolge ableiten zu können. Ob und gegebenenfalls wie sich dies in der Lebenswirklichkeit darstellt, ist Kernbestand der empirisch ausgelegten Teilprojekte, die das staatliche Recht, soziokulturelle Rechtsverständnisse und Normderivate in den Blick nehmen. Anliegen dieser Grundlagenforschung ist es, sich in der gebotenen Nüchternheit eines Forschungsdesiderats in Deutschland anzunehmen, ohne dabei problematische Konfliktlagen zu ignorieren oder in den verbreiteten Alarmismus einzustimmen.
    URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-123830
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/pubs/wps/pdf/mpi-eth-working-paper-0199
    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/cms/en/publications/working_papers/wp0199
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    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/pubs/wps/pdf/mpi-eth-working-paper-0199
    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/cms/en/publications/working_papers/wp0199
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    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/pubs/wps/pdf/mpi-eth-working-paper-0199
    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/cms/en/publications/working_papers/wp0199
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
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    Negotiating Afghan ‘Traditional’ law in the International Civil Trials in the Czech Republic (2019)
    Halle/Saale : Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 Seiten, 0,78 MB)
    Series Statement: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers No. 197
    Abstract: Along with whatever belongings they carry, migrants and refugees always bring their laws, cultures, and contextually specific experiences (feuds, state failures) in some form to their host countries. Various migrants’ identities may include law as a dimension that belongs to specific collectives (tribes, religious communities) beyond the nation-state. In contrast to the juridical notion of law as a dimension of the nation-state, legal systems within countries such as Afghanistan are sometimes classified as ‘legal systems based on reciprocity’, or ‘horizontal legal systems’. Encounters of judges and other legal experts in the Czech Republic with such legal systems within the framework of international civil trials are driven by an official imperative that the foreign law must be understood as the law truly applied in the country of origin. Such a situation unsettles deep-rooted notions of the state, generates uncertainty about conventional understandings of the law, and indicates the necessity of employing legal-ethnological conceptual tools. Drawing on empirical cases involving Afghan law in the form of foreign law in international civil trials, this paper investigates the difference between a legal understanding of Afghan law in the Czech legal framework, achieved mostly through the concept of state law, and an ethnological understanding of law in Afghanistan based on Pospíšil’s analytical concepts. Finally, it suggests the relevance of applying the analytical distinction between legal sodalities and legal modalities.
    URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-115870
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    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/pubs/wps/pdf/mpi-eth-working-paper-0197
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    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/pubs/wps/pdf/mpi-eth-working-paper-0197
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    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/pubs/wps/pdf/mpi-eth-working-paper-0197
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    MARKK
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
    GRASSI Mus. Leipzig
  • 9
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    Photoshopped ancestors (2019)
    Halle/Saale : Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 Seiten, 4,12 MB) , Illustrationen, Karten
    Series Statement: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers No. 194
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Vargyas, Gábor, 1952 - Photoshopped ancestors
    Abstract: On the basis of a case study among the Bru of the Central Vietnamese Highlands, I examine how the recent introduction of Photoshop-manipulated photographs into the Bru ancestor cult fits with their traditional religious conceptions about pollution and oblivion. I propose three possible explanations for the entrance of these photographs into Bru culture: culture change, mimicry, and syncretism. Based on this, I raise the question of how to interpret the effects of photographs on the Bru: what do they mean or express in terms of identification with and integration and assimilation into Vietnamese society? After discussing some instances of general photo use among the resettled Bru of Ðắk Lắk, I present a case study on how the photos taken from the identity cards of a deceased man and his widow were transformed into a manipulated Bru ancestor photo in a Vietnamese-run photography shop. At the end of my paper I rephrase the question of photo manipulation in a wider context – that of the relationship between subjects and objects, i.e. human persons and the material world.
    URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-113101
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    MARKK
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
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    Blurring boundaries : the regulation of non-profit organizations and transformation of Islamic charitable work in Uttar Pradesh, India (2019)
    Halle/Saale : Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 Seiten, 0,55 MB)
    Series Statement: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers No. 195
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This article examines the reconfigurations of Islamic traditions of giving within contemporary nongovernmental organization (NGO) structures, in light of the larger legal and social transformations of the concept of charity in India. It argues that Indian laws regulating charitable institutions – along with current globalized models of philanthropy and development – have partly shaped institutional forms of Islamic giving into modern, public modes of welfare provision. Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with Islamic charitable associations based in Lucknow, I discuss two features that illustrate the new orientations of Islamic giving practiced within formally registered nongovernmental associations: first, a turn to giving practices that lead to tangible social and economic development; and second, an emphasis on public, universal care. Simultaneously, the article discusses how Muslims also get involved in these organizations to fulfill spiritual aims and perpetuate specific Islamic traditions of giving. In this sense, organization founders and volunteers blur the distinctions that laws have created between unregulated, ‘traditional’ private forms of religious giving and ‘modern’ public modes of welfare regulated by the state. Attention to these actors’ aspirations and strategies thus demonstrates the particular, localized ways in which religious traditions of giving are re-articulated in modern secular states, beyond formal structures and frameworks that tend to organize and shape charitable traditions into distinct spheres.
    URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-113111
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/pubs/wps/pdf/mpi-eth-working-paper-0195
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    MARKK
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 11
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    The concept of identity in the ethnology and social anthropology of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries : a preliminary report (2019)
    Halle/Saale : Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 Seiten, 0,8 MB)
    Series Statement: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers No. 196
    Abstract: Existing histories of the concept of identity are too narrowly conceived and neglect the methods of lexical semantics and Begriffsgeschichte. Rather than focusing on Erik Erikson, this paper analyzes occurrences of ‘identity’ and equivalent expressions in over 700 texts published in English, German, and French since 1700. In the first phase of the study, all occurrences of ‘identity’ in the sample, including all senses in which the word is used, are analyzed to determine when semantic innovations occurred and how they spread. The focus in the second phase is on other expressions (e.g., ‘character’) that correspond roughly to selected senses of ‘identity’, insofar as they co-occur in texts with the same adjectives and verbs and fulfill a comparable semantic function. Finally, it can be shown that these other expressions were replaced by ‘identity’ in the late twentieth century. Three key senses of the word emerge from the fundamental meaning of ‘sameness’: personal identity, since about 1700; collective identity (of a category or group of people), since the early 1800s; and social-psychological identity (of the individual), since the 1940s. Beginning in about 1840, Americanist ethnologists played a key role in formulating the concept of collective identity.
    URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-115154
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    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/pubs/wps/pdf/mpi-eth-working-paper-0196
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    URL: https://www.eth.mpg.de/pubs/wps/pdf/mpi-eth-working-paper-0196
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 12
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    Exclusion and migration : by whom, where, when, and how? (2018)
    Halle/Saale : Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 Seiten, 1,4 MB) , Diagramme
    Series Statement: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers no. 190
    Abstract: This working paper aims to present the common research framework elaborated in the context of the research initiative „The Challenges of Migration, Integration and Exclusion‟ (WiMi) that gathers researchers from the Max Planck Institutes for Comparative Public Law and International Law (Heidelberg), Demographic Research (Rostock), Social Law and Social Policy (Munich), Human Development (Berlin), Social Anthropology (Halle), and the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity (Göttingen). The working paper starts with the presentation of our mapping of recent research projects on migration in the social sciences and in law. The mapping reveals the multidisciplinarity of migration research, its responsiveness to public debates, and its fragmentation along different categories of migrants, which usually correspond to their nationality/ethnicity or legal status. In the second part, the working paper explains the guiding principles of the WiMi initiative, namely commitment to multidisciplinarity, avoidance of groupist designs and use of the concept of „exclusion‟ as an analytical lens which sheds light on the multifaceted dimensions, which cross and co-constitute each other. Following a brief overview of how exclusion has been studied thus far in the migration literature, the working paper lays out the analytical framework we have developed to study exclusion in its continuum with inclusion. The aim is to arrive at a more sophisticated understanding of exclusion mechanisms and bring to the fore the interdependencies and interactions among the many facets of this comparatively understudied phenomenon. With this intention in mind, the working paper elaborates a multi-dimensional research framework that rests on analytically separating the exclusion of migrants into six constitutive elements: actors, acts, moments, representations, areas of exclusion, and reactions against exclusion. We contend that there are a variety of state and non-state actors that engage in exclusionary acts in specific areas at certain moments. Such exclusionary acts are produced and reproduced by representations of exclusion and contested by reactions against exclusion.
    URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-100813
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 13
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    Constitution-making as a tool for state-building? : insights from an ethnographic analysis of the Libyan constitution-making process (2018)
    Halle/Saale : Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 Seiten, 0,45 MB)
    Series Statement: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers No. 192
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Lier, Felix-Anselm van Constitution-making as a tool for state-building?
    Abstract: Constitution-making plays an increasingly important role for conflict resolution and state-building. Both scholars and practitioners assume that legal procedures and standards of constitution-making can provide useful structures for resolving potentially violent political contest and debate, and thereby contribute to reconciliation and consensus finding. This paper revisits these assumptions by offering an empirical perspective on the Libyan constitution-making process. After a synopsis of current approaches to constitution-making, this paper turns to a detailed description of the Libyan constitution-making process. It provides an overview of the actors engaged in the constitution-making process and the ways in which law, including constitutional law-making, is actually used and put to work in a post-conflict scenario. In Libya, the constitution-making process did not bring the desired security and stability, but instead was marked by the same socio-political rifts that dominated Libya’s overall transition. The final constitutional draft is highly contested and is unlikely to serve as the basis for a new Libyan state. While acknowledging that each constitution-making process needs to be understood in its own terms, the conclusion reassesses the role that constitution-making may play in post-conflict scenarios more broadly. The Libyan constitution-making process shows that when societal conflict is great and the political landscape is deeply divided, a constitution-making process is unlikely to serve as a catalyst for peace or national unity. On the contrary, given the importance attributed to the constitution for the long-term distribution of political power, constitution-making risks becoming a high-stakes arena of political conflict. This paper highlights the pitfalls of seeking constitutional settlement in post-conflict environments and casts doubt on the technocratic vision that states can be built in a rational and orderly fashion.
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis Seite 20-28
    URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-107894
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 14
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    Ransoming, collateral, and protective captivity on the Upper Guinea Coast before 1650 : colonial continuities, contemporary echoes (2018)
    Halle/Saale : Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 Seiten, 0,71 MB)
    Series Statement: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers No. 193
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mark, Peter Allen, 1948 - Ransoming, collateral, and protective captivity on the Upper Guinea Coast before 1650
    Abstract: This paper investigates the origins of pawning in European-African interaction along the Upper Guinea Coast. Pawning in this context refers to the holding of human beings as security for debt or to ensure that treaty obligations be fulfilled. While pawning was an indigenous practice in Upper Guinea, it is proposed here that when the Portuguese arrived in West Africa, they were already familiar with systems of ransoming, especially of members of the nobility. The adoption of pawning and the associated practice of not enslaving members of social elites may be explained by the fact that these customs were already familiar to both the Portuguese and their West African hosts. Vestiges of these social institutions may be found well into the colonial period on the Upper Guinea Coast.
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis Seite 14-16
    URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-107901
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  • 15
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    Accommodating religious slaughter in the UK and Germany : competing interests in carving out legal exemptions (2018)
    Halle/Saale : Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 Seiten, 0,84 MB)
    Series Statement: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers no. 191
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Raza, Farrah Accommodating religious slaughter in the UK and Germany
    Abstract: This paper discusses the challenges of accommodating the religious slaughter of animals for consumption. Religious slaughter continues to be a controversial practice that is debated regularly in several European states. Religious slaughter, also known as ritual slaughter, is predominantly practised by the Jewish and Muslim communities in Europe. Most recently, the 2018 European Union’s Court of Justice ruling on religious slaughter highlights the need for European states to adopt appropriate regulatory frameworks. This working paper discusses the challenges of accommodating religious slaughter by assessing select issues in the UK and Germany. The first section introduces the issues raised by religious slaughter and contextualises these within the broader political context of the UK and Germany. The second section outlines how religious freedom is protected in the UK and Germany by providing a brief overview of the respective constitutional contexts. The third section analyses the multi-faceted issues raised by religious slaughter in the UK and Germany by assessing three key arguments: (a) the argument of discrimination and (b) the argument of choice, before arguing for (c) the need for balancing of interests. The final section offers some tentative solutions to the problems raised by religious slaughter. The paper concludes by arguing that religious slaughter is worthy of legal protection as it is a core aspect of dietary choice for some religious minorities. Thus, religious slaughter should be protected as an aspect of the fundamental right to religious freedom. However, the paper submits that both non-religious and religious groups should take seriously the concerns of animal and environmental welfare. Perhaps the mutual concern for animal welfare can encourage dialogue between different stakeholders, and thereby bring about better negotiation of competing interests. An approach to religious slaughter that goes beyond the use of formal law might be more productive than revisiting well-trodden arguments that often set different groups against one another.
    URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-106166
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  • 16
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    Gnade neu denken. : der Begriff der Gnade unter dem deutschen Grundgesetz (2017)
    Halle/Saale : Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology
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    Language: German , English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 Seiten, 0,75 MB)
    Series Statement: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers no. 186
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Schwab, Sebastian Gnade neu denken
    Abstract: Das Begnadigungsrecht, obwohl nicht nur international in vielen Staaten vorgesehen und auch im deutschen Grundgesetz und den Landesverfassungen verankert, scheint mit Blick auf die deutsche Rechtsordnung ein Fremdkörper geblieben zu sein. Vorliegend wird die Gnade jedoch in ein Kontinuum von Handlungsformen des Staates eingeordnet, um den Grundrechten und der Menschenwürde Rechnung zu tragen. Diese Einordnung begründet den Vorrang der Anwendung des Rechts vor der Gnade, aber auch strukturelle Besonderheiten der Gnade, insbesondere im Hinblick auf den Mangel von materiell-rechtlichen Maßstäben. Aus dem vertretenen Konzept erschließt sich aber auch ein Geltungsgrund für die Gnade, der nicht wie früher auf ein religiöses Konzept anknüpft. Als Geltungsgrund der Gnade im säkularen Staat wird Würde, wie sie in Art. 1 Abs. 1 GG verankert ist, identifiziert. Dass Gnade diesem Geltungsgrund gerecht wird, geschieht insbesondere durch Verfahrensvorschriften.
    URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-85227
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  • 17
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    Embeddedness without structure? : an attempt at a Polanyian analysis of the Polish consumer-cooperative movement (2017)
    Halle/Saale : Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (27 Seiten, 0,5 MB)
    Series Statement: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers No. 185
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bilewicz, Aleksandra Embeddedness without structure?
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper discusses Polish consumer cooperatives – informal consumer groups that have been emerging in the country since 2010 – in terms of the embedded economy as understood by Karl Polanyi. Following Polanyi’s understanding of the relationship between human economy and social institutions, I analyse reciprocity and redistribution as forms of integration in Polish consumer cooperatives. The structure and economic operation of these new consumer cooperatives is compared to pre-war Polish consumer cooperatives (organised into the national union Społem) that serve as a point of reference and inspiration for some of today’s cooperative activists. I argue that the present structure of consumer cooperatives does not provide a base for symmetry and centricity – “supporting structures” for reciprocity and redistribution – although some cooperatives offer solutions for those deficits. This paper also discusses the nature of class barriers in the contemporary and historical consumer-cooperative movements, relating this issue to the Polanyian notion of countermovement and class interest.
    URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-79711
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  • 18
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    Migration and the transformation of German administrative law : an interdisciplinary research agenda (2017)
    Halle/Saale : Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (62 Seiten, 0,88 MB)
    Series Statement: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers no. 188
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Vetters, Larissa Migration and the transformation of German administrative law
    Abstract: This working paper, which arose from collaborative research carried out at the Law & Society Institute at the Law Faculty of Humboldt University in Berlin and at the Department ‘Law & Anthropology’ at the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology in Halle, contributes to the growing field of socio-legal research on the topic of migration in Germany. It outlines a genuinely interdisciplinary research agenda for studying (German) administrative law as a central arena in which both notions of statehood (governed by the rule of law) and notions of citizenship are practiced, negotiated, and potentially transformed. We present a suggestion for how to bring theoretical concepts, methodological approaches, and findings from sociocultural anthropology, socio-legal research, and public law scholarship into a novel and productive dialogue. In initiating such a dialogue, we hope to engage hitherto largely disconnected academic audiences, each of which we address with a particular objective: We encourage sociocultural anthropologists, who have a long tradition of studying legal and political organization in non-state settings and more recently have also turned their attention to the study of bureaucratic institutions and the state, to study German administrative law and its enactment within bureaucratic and judicial institutions with the same ethnographic scrutiny they apply to other systems of meaning and social practices. We invite legal sociologists to build on their focus on state law in action and their concern with how official law is implemented and mobilized and apply it more strongly to the study of migrants’ interaction with state law as one among a number of normative frames in which migrants are potentially embedded. Consideration of the ramifications of migrants’ transborder mobility and their embeddedness in plural normative orders can contribute to socio-legal conceptualizations of current dynamics in public law. And finally, we present to scholars of German public law an alternative proposal for understanding doctrinal reasoning as a contextualized social practice. Our proposal, which not only deconstructs the position of doctrinal reasoning in legal scholarship, but also reconstructs it, is based on integrating empirical ethnographic research into legal theory-building in a novel way. By nature, this attempt can be nothing but a first step and will necessarily be both too general and too selective in many respects. Placing our deliberations in this working paper series thus adequately represents their in-progress nature and is intended to stimulate further (interdisciplinary) discussion.
    URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-89078
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  • 19
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    Time without labour : the past and historical representation in the Spanish railways (2017)
    Halle/Saale : Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 Seiten, 1,24 MB) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers No. 184
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Buier, Natalia Time without labour
    Abstract: This article presents an ethnographic analysis of representations of the past in a key public sector - the Spanish railways. This sector has undergone a series of fundamental transformations in the recent past, primary among which has been opening the previously state-controlled monopoly up to competition. As part of a broader investigation of historical memory and its constitutive effects, I analyse railway historiography and museum displays as ethnographic objects. This analysis reveals the inner workings of forms of historical representation that, I argue, marginalize labour as a social and political actor. These forms of representation have been instrumental for pushing through a set of transformations that take the appearance of an inevitable process of modernization.
    URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-76152
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  • 20
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    Ateker generation-set systems revisited : field facts and findings, and a systematisation (2017)
    Halle/Saale : Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 Seiten = 0,76 MB) , Diagramme, Karten
    Series Statement: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers No. 183
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Müller-Dempf, Harald Ateker generation-set systems revisited
    DDC: 300
    Abstract: Generation-set systems are seldom accepted as full-fledged socio-political systems, and the fact that they are often subsumed under the category of age only increases the likelihood that they are misunderstood. Another aspect that is often overlooked in this context is the role of generational alternations. This paper aims to explore Ateker generation-sets and show how they are socio-political systems sui generis. They reflect and at the same time organise people’s lives, and, while they share a common origin, they developed differently in various groups according to emerging needs. The study also provides an update to the basic ethnographic data on the Karimojong, Jie, and Dodoth generation-sets. For reasons of stringency, no reference is made here to related social categories like lineage, clan, stock ownership, etc.
    URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-76142
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  • 21
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    Pre-Bronze-Age principles? : implications of endogamy in the south-west Eurasian highlands (2016)
    Halle/Saale : Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 Seiten = 0,4 MB)
    Series Statement: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers No. 176
    Abstract: Abstract: The high levels of endogamy characteristic of the circum-Mediterranean area have long been a puzzle for anthropological theory. Several theorists – notably Tillion, Pitt-Rivers, and Goody – have sought the explanation in the deep historical processes that gave rise to plough agriculture and the eventual rise of bronze age states. Despite their differences, these authors agree that endogamy was a consequence of this historic transformation. We argue instead that local kinship endogamy was a cause. The argument is supported by a critical assessment of Goody’s analysis in Production and Reproduction, followed by a review of ethnographic case studies which suggest an alternative approach. We present an account of spatio-historical processes that can be used to support this kind of back-projection of limited present-day evidence. Finally, we note a contrast between the systems of age- and gender-relations in different parts of the Mediterranean area – and argue that our overall analysis can help to explain this contrast and the ways in which both Mediterranean systems differ from those in sub-Saharan Africa.
    URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-66864
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  • 22
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    Bericht / Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Max-Planck-Institut für Ethnologische Forschung; Sonderausgabe (2005)
    Halle/Saale : Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology ; Nachgewiesen 2005; damit Ersch. eingest.
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    ISSN: 1618-8683 , 1618-8683
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: Nachgewiesen 2005; damit Ersch. eingest.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Max-Planck-Institut für Ethnologische Forschung Bericht / Sonderausgabe
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-30638
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-30638
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