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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (59)
  • MARKK
  • English  (59)
  • 1995-1999  (59)
  • Boston, MA : Springer US  (59)
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  • English  (59)
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Year
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489961440
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 202 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science History ; Science—History.
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9781461548935
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 264 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Nonprofit and Civil Society Studies, An International Multidisciplinary Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Business. ; Management science. ; Political science. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: Comparative information detailing the cultural, legal and historical environments of foundations in international settings has been scarce - until now. Written by scholars from six countries, this text covers philanthropic foundations in the world's busiest commercial centers - the U.S. and Eastern and Western Europe. It reports on the structures and mindsets that shape foundations' gift giving, and discusses different aspects of foundation management. Case studies of the French and Italian foundation communities and a comparative legal chapter are especially notable
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9781461542636
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 246 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Human genetics ; Evolution (Biology) ; Anthropology ; Medical genetics.
    Abstract: One of the major themes of human population genetics is assaying genetic variation in human populations. The ultimate goal of this objective is to understand the extent of genetic diversity and the use of this knowledge to reconstruct our evolutionary history. The discipline had undergone a revolutionary transition with the advent of molecular techniques in the 1980s. With this shift, statistical methods have also been developed to perceive the biological and molecular basis of human genetic variation. Using the new perspectives gained during the above transition, this volume describes the applications of molecular markers spanning the autosomal, Y-chromosomal and mitochondrial genome in the analysis of human diversity in contemporary populations. This is the first reference book of its kind to bring together data from these diverse sets of markers for understanding evolutionary histories and relationships of modern humans in a single volume
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Classical to Molecular Polymorphisms: Population Genetic Studies from the Indian Sub-Continent2. Variability in nDNA, mtDNA, and Proteins: A Test Case -- 3. Genetic Diversity among Five Native American Tribes of Colombia: Evidence from Nine Autosomal Microsatellites -- 4. Trinucleotide Repeats, Genetic Instability and Variation in the Human Genome -- 5. Y-Chromosomal DNA Markers -- 6. On the Genetic Origin of the Turks: Study of Six Y-Chromosomal Short Tandem Repeats -- 7. The Origins of Pakistani Populations: Evidence from Y Chromosome Markers -- 8. The Use of Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation to Investigate Population History: Recent Male Spread in Asia and Europe -- 9. A Mitochondrial DNA Database: Applications to Problems of Nomenclature and Population Genetics -- 10. The Trans-Caucasus and the Expansion of the Caucasoid-Specific Human Mitochondrial DNA -- 11. The Place of the Indian Mitochondrial DNA Variants in the Global Network of Maternal Lineages and the Peopling of the Old World -- 12. Mitochondrial DNA Variation in the Southwest Pacific -- 13. Molecular Anthropology: Progress and Perspectives on Ancient DNA Technology -- 14. Interspersed Repeat Insertion Polymorphisms for Studies of Human Molecular Anthropology -- 15. Worldwide Distribution of a PolymorphicAluInsertion in the Progesterone Receptor Gene -- 16. Statistical Issues Regarding the Use of Microsatellite Loci for Molecular Anthropological Studies -- Epilogue -- Corresponding Authors.
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9781461547136
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 200 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 170
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Law
    Abstract: This volume examines the ethical, legal, and policy issues associated with the commercialization of genetic research and will be of interest to the academic community (law, ethics, medicine and genetics) and the biotechnology industry, as well as those actively involved in genetic research. The linkage between industry and human genetics has given rise to numerous issues associated with the commercialization process. The topics covered will include commercialization and the university, commercialization and patents, clones and xenotransplants, the public perception of genetics, the role of the media, commercialization, confidentiality, and conflicts of interest, regulating the commercial environment, and the role of research ethics boards
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Biotechnology: Sovereignty and Sharing2. National Policies Influencing Innovation based on Human Genetics -- 3. Transformation of a Research Platform into Commercial Products: The Impact of United States Federal Policy on Biotechnology -- 4. Intellectual Property Rights and the Human Genome -- 5. Making Room: Reintegrating Basic Research, Health Policy, and Ethics into Patent Law -- 6. Conflict of Interest and Commercialization of Biomedical Research:What is the Role of Research Ethics Review? -- 7. Scientific Journals and Their Authors’ Financial Interests: A Pilot Study -- 8. The Icelandic Health Sector Database: Legal and Ethical Considerations -- 9. Xenotransplantation: Science, Risk and International Regulatory Efforts -- 10. Cloning, God, Hitler and Mad Scientists: Arguments Used by the Public in the Cloning Debate on the Internet -- 11. Patients’ and Professionals’ Views on Autonomy, Disability, and “Discrimination”: Results of a 36-Nation Survey -- 12. Marketing and Fear Mongering: Time to Try Private Genetic Services? -- Contributors.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461550396
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 164 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Industrial management ; Ethics ; Business ethics. ; Finance. ; Management.
    Abstract: Financial Ethics presents an exploration of this relatively new subject. The book will follow two different trails, which eventually are brought together. The first trail is an exploration in Chapters One and Two of the general nature of the finance industry, of the institutions which make it up, of the people in it and the pressures they are under. The first trail also examines the nature of the reward system in the finance industry. The second trail is an examination of the guidance people can obtain from four of the world's great religions on exactly how people ought to behave when engaged in the financial industry. The second part of the book is contained in Chapters Three to Nine. If people propose to advise the financiers to be ethical, it is important to know what is meant by this, and to call upon reliable sources and why they are using the four particular religious sources chosen. The next four chapters extract business and financial commands and one or two important interpretive writings from Judaism, Christianity, Islam and Buddhism. Part Three of the book (Chapters Ten to Thirteen) is a distillation of the concepts from the religions, an application of the concepts to the modern financial world, and a discussion of the various organizational tools which might be used to put them into operation
    Description / Table of Contents: I -The Problem Domain1 The Jobs of the Capital Markets, and the People Who Do Them -- 2 A Focus on the Problem we are Addressing -- Two - Guidance From The Religions -- 3 Plan and Introduction to the Religious Guidance Chapters -- 4 The Jewish Tradition -- 5 The Christian Tradition -- 6 The Islamic Tradtion -- 7 The Buddhist Tradition -- 8 An Aggregation of the Commands of the Religions -- 9 The Remaining Task:The Commands We Have Yet to Fulfill -- III - Testing, And Then Marketing, The Second Ethical Command -- 10 Some Financial Transactions for Testing -- 11 Political and Organisational Tools for Gaining Acceptance of an Ethical Command -- 12 Consequences and Conclusions -- 13 Epilogue: A Personal Action Plan.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781475798418
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 373 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Springer Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology ; Demography ; Sociology. ; Population.
    Abstract: This superb overview of sociological human ecology over the past 50 years engages the subject in terms of conceptual and theoretical issues, and in its empirical application to practical problems. The text focuses on the idea of sustainable development, asking what conditions are necessary for humanity to achieve continued improvement in standards of living. Contributors review issues of demographic change and environmental protection in sketching out the means of managing the Earth's fragile ecosystem in the decades to come. They emphasize that fundamental changes in human patterns of activity and organization are making sustainability an increasingly realistic policy goal
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9781489900845
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 590 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Springer Series in Underwater Archaeology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Ecology ; Anthropology ; Archaeology
    Abstract: This unique text presents a variety of writings discussing the spectrum of theory and practice in maritime archaeology from its beginnings in the late 1940s to the early 1990s. It is the first such comprehensive reference available, covering the field's history, approaches to fieldwork, technical developments, and areal bibliographies. Notable attention is given to the scientific method in two classic chapters by Platt and Chamberlin, augmented by flow charts and examples. Comparative readings explore the differing views of academics, amateurs, and treasure hunters on the contentious subject of underwater resources. Students will find no more complete introduction to the subject
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9781489960887
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (271 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Criminology
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9781475792829
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 191 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Innovations in Science Education and Technology 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Developmental psychology ; School Psychology.
    Abstract: J. Gary Lilyquist synthesizes such innovative concepts as, systems thinking, mental models, effective school research, and Deming's theories of management to propose the new Balance Alignment Model, a wide-ranging approach for fostering school improvement. Three case studies demonstrate why schools are not improving and how Lilyquist's model can facilitate student learning
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489919311
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 226 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Economics ; Sociology.
    Abstract: Inheritance and Wealth in America is a superb collection of original essays, written in nontechnical language by experts in sociology, economics, anthropology, history, law, and other disciplines. Notable chapters provide - an outstanding interpretative history of inheritance in American legal thought - a critical review of the literature on the economics of inheritance at the household and societal levels - a superb history of Federal taxation of wealth transfers, and - a sociological examination of inheritance and its role in class reproduction and stratification. This groundbreaking work is of value to any researcher dealing with the transmission of wealth and privilege across generations
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9781461555957
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 110 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Economics ; Ethics ; Business. ; Management science.
    Abstract: The European Difference: Business Ethics in the Community of European Management Schools aims to present the business ethics provisions, programs and experiences of member universities of the Community of European Management Schools (CEMS). This book also attempts to demonstrate the distinctiveness and cultural integrity of European business ethics. Not surprisingly, the character and the level of development of business ethics in the represented European countries are diverse. However, common characteristics can be discovered in the business ethics experiences described in this volume. One principal theme that emerges is that European business ethics is deeply rooted in culture and less influenced by abstract principles and ideas. Some critical distance from the mainstream American approach to business ethics is also a common characteristic of contributions in this book. This book was born from the fruitful exchange of the CEMS Inter-faculty Group in Business Ethics. CEMS was founded in 1988 as an association of top-level schools of management education throughout Europe, and inter-faculty groups were established to develop joint teaching materials and to encourage collaboration among the researchers at the various CEMS schools
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Theory and Practice of Business Ethics in Denmark2. Business Ethics at the Stockholm School of Economics -- 3. “Polder-ethics”: Business Ethics in the Netherlands -- 4. Business Ethics in France: “Comment faire sans philosophie?” -- 5. From Teaching to Learning of Business Ethics in Barcelona -- 6. Integrative Business Ethics - A Critical Approach in St. Gallen -- 7. Business Ethics at the University of Economics in Prague -- 8. Establishing Business Ethics in Budapest -- Notes on Contributors -- References.
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9781475757828
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 290 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and dis­ seminated by the Center for lnformation and Numerica/ Data Analysis and Synthesis (C/NDAS) * at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the ac­ tivity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficia! to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After fi ve years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of ali concerned if the printing and distribution of the volume were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and App/ied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. Ali back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 21 (thesis year 1976) a total of 10,586 theses titles from 25 Canadian and 219 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for theses titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489918482
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 301 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Fundamental Issues in Archaeology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Archaeology
    Abstract: This wide-ranging reference provides an overview of the different factors involved in the emergence and change in early urban societies in the Fourth Millennium B.C., including Mesopotamia and Egypt, pre-Shang China, Classic Horizon Central Mexico and the Mayan area, and middle Horizon societies in the Andean region. The contributors examine such factors as centralized storage and redistributive economies, agro-managerial models, mercantile network control, and conflict and conquest. The coverage emphasizes specific archaeological data useful in theoretical construction
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489966049
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 218 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Constitutional law ; Political science. ; Sociology.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9781489963710
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 308 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Science Study and teaching ; Astronomy ; Science education. ; Astrophysics.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489961204
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 310 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sexual behavior ; Sociology. ; Social groups. ; Sex (Psychology).
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9781489960207
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 450 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Philosophy of nature ; Developmental psychology ; Sociology.
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9781489959928
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 341 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Economics ; Professional education. ; Vocational education. ; Business. ; Management science.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9781461541042
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXX, 253 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Economic policy ; Political science.
    Abstract: The aim of An Operational Approach to Policy Analysis: The Craft is to cut through the ambiguity and contradictions inherent in policy analysis by means of an operational-prescriptive approach. Its main objective is to encapsulate the essential concepts, methods and tools of policy analysis and to provide an insight into factors acting within and around the policy analysis process. Based on the collaborative research of Iris Geva-May and Aaron Wildavsky, the first full draft of An Operational Approach to Policy Analysis: The Craft was completed just before Dr Wildavsky's untimely death. Since that time, Dr Geva-May has worked to thoroughly revise and update the manuscript. An Operational Approach to Policy Analysis: The Craft can be used by researchers in political science, or as a textbook for any course in policy analysis, policy planning and evaluation. It will serve as a valuable source for students of political science, public policy, administration and management, as well as for policy analysts, researchers and executives in both the US and abroad
    Description / Table of Contents: One: Problem Definition in Policy AnalysisThe Nature of the Process -- Context and Actors -- Identifying Policy Goals -- Identifying Variables -- Degree of Complexity -- Gathering Data -- Summary: Major Considerations in Problem Definition -- Two: Modeling in Policy Analysis -- Reasons for Modeling -- Model Construction -- General Considerations -- Context and Audience -- Types of Models -- Criteria -- Model Validation -- The Role of Judgment in Modeling -- Pitfallsin Model Construction -- Pitfallsin Quantitative Models -- Summary: Analyst’s Check-list -- Three: Alternative Selection -- Generating Alternatives: General Considerations -- Considering Types of Solutions -- Choosing Among Alternatives: Considering Variables -- Choosing Among Alternatives: Using Criteria -- Cost Analysis in Alternative Choice -- Implementation Considerations:Political and Administrative Feasibility: 125 -- Summary: A Digest of Main Ideas -- Four: Argument Presentation -- The Analyst -- Role and Requirements -- Considerations in Argument Presentation: -- Audience and Contexts -- Supporters and Opponents -- Argumentation Techniques -- General Strategies -- Communication Tactics -- Summary: A Precis of Main Ideas -- Five: Implementing Termination -- Reasons for Non-Termination: -- Organizational Persistence -- Costs • Emotional and Political -- Costs • Legal and Financial -- Ethics -- Types of Termination -- Strategies: -- Planning Ahead -- Minimizing Opposition -- Argumentation -- Pitfalls -- Summary: Analyst’s Check List -- References -- Index to Authors Cited -- Index to Subject Matter.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781475792799
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 286 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Contributions to Global Historical Archaeology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Ecology ; Anthropology ; Archaeology ; History.
    Abstract: This fascinating monograph employs a world system model as the basis for archaeological investigation of Russian America that relates local findings to global patterns. Author Aron Crowell examines Russian, Spanish, and American historical sources along with the archaeological evidence to uncover a preliterate culture that left no written record of its contact with European colonial powers. Crowell's particular subject is the indigenous Qikertarmiut people of Kodiak Island off the coast of Alaska. The special case of this tribe serves as a microcosm of the history of colonialism, demonstrating how early European capitalism impacted and, in some cases, destroyed indigenous societies
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489918468
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 458 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Archaeology
    Abstract: This ambitious work offers a coherent and comprehensive look at the material conditions underlying and stimulating political development in southeastern North America during the Mississippian period. After introducing theoretical issues, Muller addresses reproduction, production, distribution, and consumption within their social and material contexts. Examined through the lens of the production, distribution, and consumption of prestige and staple goods, a profoundly domestic, though significantly differentiated, Mississippian political economy emerges. This study's broad synthetic view ensures that neither environment nor ideology are overemphasized. A fine statement of an important theoretical position, the volume features considerable graphic and tabular presentation of data
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9781461559115
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 499 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Archaeology
    Abstract: Americanist Culture History reprints thirty-nine classic works of Americanist archaeological literature published between 1907 and 1971. The articles, in which the key concepts and analytical techniques of culture history were first defined and discussed, are reprinted, with original pagination and references, to enhance the use of this collection as a research and teaching resource. The editors also include an introduction that summarizes the rise and fall of the culture history paradigm, making this volume an excellent introduction to the field's primary literature
    Description / Table of Contents: From The Emeryville ShellmoundReport of the Committee on Archeological Nomenclature -- Archaeological Investigations in the Valley of Mexico by the International School, 1911-12 -- From Areas of American Culture Characterization Tentatively Outlined as an Aid in the Study of Antiquities -- Chronology of the Tano Ruins, New Mexico -- Zuñi Culture Sequences -- From An Outline for a Chronology of Zuñi Ruins -- A Design-Sequence from New Mexico -- From Notes on the Pottery of Pecos -- Diffusion and Independent Invention: A Critique of Logic -- The Culture-Area and Age-Area Concepts of Clark Wissler -- Editorials: Methodology in the Southwest -- From Analysis of Village Site Collections from Louisiana and Mississippi -- A Chronological Method Applicable to the Southeast -- Report of the Conference on Southeastern Pottery Typology -- From Handbook of Northern Arizona Pottery Wares -- From Prehistory in Haiti, A Study in Method -- The Midwestern Taxonomic Method as an Aid to Archaeological Culture Study -- Statistical Classification -- The Typological Concept -- From The Archaeology of Alkali Ridge, Southeastern Utah -- From Cultural Dating of Prehistoric Sites in Virú Valley, Peru -- The Place of Chronological Ordering in Archaeological Analysis -- From Archaeological Survey in the Lower Mississippi Valley, 1940-1947 -- From Measurements of Some Prehistoric Design Developments in the Southeastern States -- Statistical Techniques for the Discovery of Artifact Types -- Comment on A. C. Spaulding’s “Statistical Techniques for the Discovery of Artifact Types” -- Reply to Ford -- The Type Concept Revisited -- Method and Theory in American Archeology: An Operational Basis for Culture-Historical Integration -- On the Correlation of Phases of Culture -- From An Archaeological Approach to the Study of Cultural Stability -- Ceramic Variety, Type Cluster, and Ceramic System in Southwestern Pottery Analysis -- The Classification of Artifacts in Archaeology -- The Use of Typology in Anthropological Theory -- Stratigraphy and Seriation -- The Doppler Effect and Archaeology: A Consideration of the Spatial Aspects of Seriation -- The Importance of Both Analytic and Taxonomic Classification in the Type-Variety System -- Sabloff and Smith’s “The Importance of Both Analytic and Taxonomic Classification in the Type-Variety System”.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489934505
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IV, 186 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Learning, Psychology of.
    Abstract: 1. Australia -- 2. Brazil -- 3. Côte D’Ivoire -- 4. Hungary -- 5. India -- 6. Maroc -- 7. The Philippines -- 8. Switzerland -- 9. England and Wales -- 10. United States of America.
    Abstract: The studies contained in this volume present a sampling of policy and legislation relating to adult learning in various parts of the world. They were produced in the context of a more complete survey, under the auspices of the UNESCO Institute for Education (UIE) in cooperation with the University of Florence, which sought to identify tendencies in this field over the past few years. The international research project, under which these of Paul national studies were made, was developed under the direction Belanger, Director of UIE, and Paolo Federighi, Professor at the University of Florence. An international publication by the two project directors, due to appear at the beginning of 1997, will report on the findings of the project, which involves 26 countries. The contributions presented here reflect a broad geographical spectrum as well as a wide range of policy models. From an analysis of these studies, it is apparent that this is a field in which there has been much innovation and which encompasses markedly varying approaches in response to different national conditions.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461540823
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 448 p) , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: VNR Structural Engineering Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Engineering ; Wood ; Civil engineering ; Biogeography.
    Abstract: This second edition of the best-selling Structural Design in Wood retains many of the first edition's unique features, with additions reflecting recent advances in the field and the adoption of the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) method. It is the only book available that contains both the Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and LRFD methods. Structural Design in Wood, Second Edition is a valuable reference for practicing structural engineers and architects who work with other materials but want to strengthen their capabilities with wood. It is also an invaluable text to help engineering or architecture students make a smooth transition from academia to practical application of their degrees
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489903044
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 400 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Archaeology
    Abstract: John M. O'Shea explores this question by employing modern archaeological theory and analysis as well as mortuary theory to build a model of an Early Bronze Age society in the eastern Carpathian Basin. He focuses on the Maros communities and utilizes the densely encoded social information from their cemeteries to draw a picture of the Maros' social systems
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489901620
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 362 p) , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Topics in Language and Linguistics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics ; Consciousness ; Cognitive psychology. ; Language and languages—Style.
    Abstract: The Second Edition of The Grammar of Discourse critically evaluates and updates Robert E. Longacre's ambitious work dedicated to the thesis that language is language only in context, and that context's natural role in the resolution of sentence ambiguities has been overlooked for too long by linguists. This new edition advances even further the `discourse revolution' which Longacre predicted in the First Edition would come in response to the demand for greater explanatory power through context. The most cogent application of this, one which makes the book unique among linguistics texts, is the author's exhaustive investigation into the interface of the morphosyntax of a language with its textual structures. This expanded volume builds upon its predecessor's major points, with new chapters increasing the coverage of paragraph and clause structure-the latter being handled in a new chapter which solves a problem posed in the original edition: how holistic concerns of structure, especially the recognition of different strands of information, relate to the constituent structure of discourse. The insights contained in this chapter create an opportunity to tie in current discussions of transitivity, ergativity, the antipassive, agency hierarchy, order-preserving transformations, and word-order concerns into the structure of discourse.Other noteworthy features of the Second Edition include: The integration of information salience, local dominance, and paragraph type to answer the question `What makes a discourse followable ?' -A study of dialogue relations-The formalization of the interrelations of tagmeme and syntagmeme, and of the varieties of exponence on the various levels of hierarchy-The use of an expanded and enriched statement calculus to better pinpoint logical relations between predications-The use of a similarly enriched predicate calculus to present case frames-A stepped diagram presentation of paragraph level analyses.〉 With material tested in classes at the University of Texas, Arlington, this influential work merits serious consideration as a text for first-year graduate courses in linguistics
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489901736
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 404 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Archaeology ; Life sciences. ; Manufactures.
    Abstract: Lithic analysts have been criticized for being atheoretical in their approach, or at least for not contributing to building archaeological theory. This volume redresses that balance. In Stone Tools, renowned lithic analysts employ explicitly theoretical constructs to explore the archaeological record and use the lithic database to establish its points. Chapters discuss curation, design theory, replacement of stone with metal, piece refitting, and projectile point style
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489960481
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 307 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Criminology
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489930156
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 265 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology.
    Abstract: 1 Square pegs in round holes: the social context of the lives of older people -- 2 Advocacy, empowerment and carers -- 3 Assessment of an older person with mental health problems -- 4 Risk and decision making -- 5 From factory to free range: managing change in caring practice -- 6 Purposeful activity as a treatment medium -- 7 Dance movement therapy: a group therapy approach for older people with mental health problems -- 8 Group grief therapy -- 9 Sexuality and the older adult -- 10 Cultural issues in the care of mentally ill Asian elders -- 11 Flying towards Neverland -- 12 Abuse directed towards older people -- 13 Shaping the cutting edge: strategy development for nurse managers.
    Abstract: Services to older people with mental health problems have gone through radical change in recent years. Legislation has had a profound effect by dictating how care to older people is delivered both within hospital and within the community. The recent government agenda emphasizes cost effectiveness, value for money and accountability. This, too, is an important driving force in re-evaluat­ ing the service, although not everyone would agree with many of the proposed strategies and there are clearly different views as to the appropriateness of many of the services. One thing is certain, however - the move towards interdiscipli­ nary working is here to stay. Not all change has been led by legislation, and many innovations have been founded in the day-to-day practices in the care of older people with mental health problems. A service, of course, does not become integrated merely by imposing joint­ working on a number of professionally based disciplines, and in many ways this may not be desirable. At its worst it produces duplication, where people from different background are all doing the same job. This is not the intention of joint-working, instead it should attempt to improve the quality of service by a rich mix of skills and experience from a number of related disciplines.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489932242
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 201 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social work ; Applied psychology ; Psychiatry ; Social service. ; Counseling.
    Abstract: 1. Client group and social context -- 2. Models, theories and processes -- 3. Case management responses -- 4. Therapeutic relationships -- 5. Supportive relationships -- 6. User empowering relationships -- 7. Sociocultural considerations -- 8. Supervisory relationships: client supervision -- 9. Supervisory relationships: staff supervision.
    Abstract: How do you respond to the distress of a man who is sitting before you, in his own flat, towels draped around his shoulders, newspaper wedged beneath the brim of his hat, an upturned frying pan over his hat and a partially filled washing-up bowl balanced on top of the frying pan? He holds the bowl with one hand and a cigarette in the other, while he force­ fully proclaims the secret services have placed someone in the flat above to drop radioactive dust down on him all day and all night. To start with, you could offer him a light for his cigarette. The most likely medical response would be to consider increasing his antipsychotic medicine, though a cursory glance at his medical history suggests that inpatient admissions and large mUltiple prescriptions of injections and tablets have failed to eradicate the distressing fears that the secret services have occupied the ward above. Perhaps all the increased medication will achieve is to stop him going upstairs intent on retribu­ tion. It may even leaden his limbs sufficiently to make his current balanc­ ing act too difficult to sustain.
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9781489960344
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 327 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489960764
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 295 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9781489945174
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 289 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Pharmacy ; Sociology.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461522911
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 152 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Economics ; Auditing ; Social sciences Methodology ; Operations research ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Business. ; Management science. ; Accounting.
    Abstract: This book suggests that business research, in the collection, analysis, and communication of evidence, will benefit from explicit acceptance of research as argumentation. Argumentation is the process of compiling an argument through selection and organization of the relevant evidence. Recently, business research methods books have placed too much emphasis on the scientific method as brute empiricism, using only large sample statistical testing and demanding prediction through retesting old theories. Especially with regard to the study of human activity, there is now much evidence that there is not one special scientific method. This book argues that all types of empirical data, including statistics and personal experiences, be accepted as data, but that it is essential that these observations be explained. This book will provide researchers and postgraduate business students with a strategy for conducting research that encourages thought, provides a way of critically perceiving previous research, as well as suggesting a logical structure for communicating their research
    Description / Table of Contents: Chp.1: Against Personal ObjectivityObjectivity -- Some History -- Self - deception -- Appendix from Broad and Wane -- Objectivity and Group Argument -- Conclusion -- Chp.2: People Ain’t Molecules -- The Impact of the Observer -- Argument vs Observation -- Against the Dominance of Statistics -- Interpretive or Qualitative Methods -- Eclectic Methods -- Conclusion -- Chp.3: Argument -- Limits of Proof -- Argument for Objectivity -- Definition of Theory -- Commitment -- Bias Ethics -- Scientific Thinking -- Perelman & Olbrechts-Tyteca -- Source of Argument? -- Conclusion -- Chp.4: Argument Structure -- Specific vs General -- Motivation for the Study -- Parts of the Structure -- Unwanted Attributes? -- Conclusion -- Chp.5: Commentaries -- A: The Business Suit Theory -- B: The Lego Assignment -- C: The Austrian Experience -- Chp.6: Evidence from Interviews -- Who to Interview -- Intentions vs Opinions -- Concerned Persons -- Best Experts -- Unlearning and Anchoring -- Optimism -- Interaction Effects -- The Interview -- Problems with Human Judgment -- Chp.7: Evidence from Questionnaires -- Organization -- Data Types -- Annual Profit Questionale -- Questionnaire -- Tests -- Internal and External Validity -- Reference.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489945334
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 308 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Applied psychology ; Consciousness ; Philosophy of mind ; Cognitive psychology. ; Counseling.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489960849
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 340 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Criminal Law ; Economic policy
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468486018
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 50
    Keywords: Science (General)
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction: From Physiology to DNA and Back2. RNA Chain Initiation and Promoter Escape by RNA Polymerase -- 3. Transcription Termination and Its Control -- 4. Codon Context, Translational Step-Times and Attenuation -- 5. Control by Antisense RNA -- 6. Translational Control of Gene Expression in E. Coli and Bacteriophage -- 7. Effects of DNA Supercoiling on Gene Expression -- 8. The HU and IHF Proteins: Accessory Factors for Complex Protein-DNA Assemblies -- 9. The lac and gal Operons Today -- 10. The Maltose System -- 11. The Phosphoenolpyruvate-Dependent Carbohydrate: Phosphotransferase System (PTS) and Control of Carbon Source Utilization -- 12. The Cap Modulon -- 13. Regulation of Nitrogen Assimilation -- 14. History of the Pho System -- 15. Are the Multiple Signal Transduction Pathways of the Pho Regulon Due to Cross Talk or Cross Regulation? -- 16. The FNR Modulon and FNR-Regulated Gene Expression -- 17. The NAR Modulon Systems: Nitrate and Nitrite Regulation of Anaerobic Gene Expression -- 18. Regulation of Aerobic and Anaerobic Metabolism by the Arc System -- 19. The Porin Regulon: A Paradigm for the Two-Component Regulatory Systems -- 20. The Leucine\Lrp Regulon -- 21. Adaptive responses to Oxidative Stress: The soxRS and oxyR Regulons -- 22. The SOS Regulatory System -- 23. Heat Shock Regulation -- 24. Roles for Energy-Dependent Proteases in Regulatory Cascades -- 25. Control of rRNA and Ribosome Synthesis -- 26. Cell Division -- 27. Regulation of Gene Expression in Stationary Phase.
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489960320
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 254 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Medicine ; Social work ; Psychology, clinical ; Social service. ; Medicine, Preventive. ; Health promotion. ; Clinical health psychology.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461563471
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 437 p) , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 344.0321
    Keywords: Law ; Medical records Data processing ; Public health laws
    Abstract: After 13 years there are new areas to discuss and more recent trials to be included. Good clinical practice; evaluation of quality of life; measurement of the benefit:risk comparison; determination of cost- effectiveness and cost utility; stopping rules for trials; meta-analysis and subgroup analysis are all new sections. The references are expanded from 305 to 512 and include the recent advances in trial design, such as the n-of-1 trials and megatrials, and up-to-date examples to illustrate the points made in the 20 chapters
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction2. The history of controlled trials -- 3. Ethical considerations -- 4. The objectives of a randomised controlled trial -- 5. Different trial designs -- 6. How many subjects are required for a trial? -- 7. How to ensure that the results are free of bias -- 8. Writing the protocol -- 9. Recruitment of subjects -- 10. Information to be collected during a trial -- 11. The conduct of the trial - Good Clinical Practice -- 12. Stopping rules for trials -- 13. The variability and validity of results -- 14. Analysis of the results, subgroup and meta-analysis -- 15. The evaluation of subjective well-being and measurement of quality of life -- 16. The detection of adverse drug reactions -- 17. Measurement of the benefit; risk comparison, cost-effectiveness and cost-utility -- 18. Early trials on new drugs -- 19. Failure to accept the results of randomised controlled trials -- 20. The advantages and disadvantages of randomised controlled trials -- References.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468464627
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Major Histocompatibility Antigens: An Introduction -- 2. The Major Histocompatibility Complex Genes and Their Transcriptional Regulation -- The Murine Major Histocompatibility Complex -- The Major Histocompatibility Complex of Humans, the HLA -- Developmental and Tissue-Specific Expression of MHC Genes -- Role of Aberrant Expression of MHC Gene Products in Immunologic Disease -- Cis-Elements and Transcription Factors That Control MHC Class I Gene Expression -- Factors and Elements That Control MHC Class II Gene Expression -- Models of Activation and Repression -- Concluding Comments -- 3. TAP Peptide Transporters and Antigen Presentation -- Evidence for Peptide Translocation by TAP -- Tap Genes and Sequences -- TAP as Member of the ABC Transporter Family -- Structure and Assembly of the TAP Complex -- In Vitro Assays for Peptide Binding and Transport by TAP -- Sequence Specificity of Peptide Transport by Different TAP Molecules -- Relating Specificity to the Structure of Polymorphic TAP Molecules -- Length of Transported Peptides -- TAP-Dependent and Independent Presentation -- TAP and Disease -- Concluding Remarks -- 4. Molecular Chaperones in MHC Class I and Class II Biosynthesis and Assembly -- Introduction: ER Resident Molecular Chaperones -- Molecular Chaperones Implicated in Class I Biosynthesis and Assembly -- Molecular Chaperones Implicated in MHC Class II Biosynthesis and Assembly -- Quality Control of MHC Molecules Mediated by Molecular Chaperones -- 5. Polypeptide Release from Lysosomes -- Synthesis and Transport of Lysosomal Hydrolases -- Entry of Degradation Substrates -- Lysosomal Hydrolysis -- Polypeptide Release from Lysosomes -- Possible Immunological Relevance -- Conclusion -- 6. Intracellular Trafficking of MHC Class II Molecules -- Assembly of MHC Class II Molecules in the ER and Early Stages of Transport -- Processing Intermediates of Invariant Chain -- Post-Golgi Trafficking of MHC Class II Molecules and Sites of Invariant Chain Degradation -- Intracellular Sites of Assembly of Peptide:MHC Class II Complexes -- 7. The Role of HLA-DM in Class II Antigen Presentation -- DM Sequence and Structure -- Regulation of Expression -- Genomic Organization of DM Genes -- Evolutionary Considerations -- DM Polymorphism -- Analysis of DM Mutant Cells -- The Mechanism of DM Action -- The Biology of Antigen Processing -- The Biosynthesis and Maturation of Class II -- Conclusion -- 8. Crystallographic Analysis of Peptide Binding by Class I and Class II Major Histocompatibility Antigens -- Class I Major Histocompatibility Antigens -- Class II Major Histocompatibility Antigens -- Similarities and Differences Between Class I and Class II Major Histocompatibility Antigens -- 9. HLA and Disease: Molecular Basis -- Tissue Typing Techniques -- Epidemiological Analysis -- Paradigms of Diseases Associated with the MHC -- HLA-B27 and Ankylosing Spondylitis -- MHC II and Disease -- Concluding Remarks -- 10. Epitope Prediction Algorithms for Class I MHC Molecules -- Elucidation of Peptide-Binding Motifs -- Anchor Residues -- Peptide-Binding Assays -- Physical Basis for Peptide-Binding Motifs -- Prediction of Binding Peptides -- Exceptional Peptides -- Peptide Binding and Antigenicity -- Conclusions -- 11. Options for TCR Interactions: TCR Agonists, Antagonists and Partial Agonists -- Introduction: Smart and Dumb T Cell Receptors -- Full Agonists, Partial Agonists and Antagonists -- What Do TCR Partial Agonists and Antagonists Do? -- T Cell Development -- The Direction of Mature T Cell Responses -- The Two Edged Sword: Antagonists as Protectors and Perpetrators of Disease -- How Do Antagonist/Partial Agonists Work? -- Concluding Remarks -- 12. Role of Ligand Density in T Cell Reactions -- Background -- The Study of Peptides Recognized by CD8+ CTL -- What Determines the Efficacy of CTL-Mediated Target Cell Lysis? -- Role of Ligand Density -- Concluding Remarks -- 13. Cooperative Recognition of MHC Class II Molecules:Peptide Complexes by the T Cell Receptor and CD4 -- TCR Recognition of MHC Class II:Peptide Complexes -- CD4 Binding to MHC Class II Molecules -- CD4 Interaction With the TCR:CD3 Complex -- Conclusions -- 14. Receptors for MHC Class I Molecules in Human Natural Killer Cells -- MHC Class I Molecules Inhibit NK Cell Cytotoxicity -- Murine NK Inhibitory Receptors -- Human NK Inhibitory Receptors -- A New Family of Immunoglobulin-Superfamily (Ig-SF) Genes Selectively Expressed in Human NK Cells -- Evidence That NK-Specific Ig-SF Genes May Encode Human Receptors for Class I Molecules -- NK Recognition of MHC Class I Molecules Is Mediated by a Complex System -- 15. The MHC in Host-Pathogen Evolution -- Selection Acting on the Human Host -- Pathogen Avoidance of T Cell Recognition -- Mechanisms of Decreasing Antigen Presentation -- Mechanisms of Avoiding T Cell Recognition of Specific Epitopes -- Perspective -- 16. Peptide-Mediated Regulation of Allergic Diseases -- The Role of CD4+ T Cell Subsets -- The Immunological Objectives of Allergy Therapy -- Regulation of Specific T Cells by Peptides -- Deviation of Thl/Th2 Phenotype of the Responder Population -- 17. Genetic Modulation of Antigen Presentation -- Vaccines -- Genetic Immunization for Viral Diseases -- Treatment of Autoimmune Disease -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: 3 nant expression systems have been used to make MHC molecules con­ taining a single peptide of interest. To date, fifteen single peptide class I structures (incorporating three different HLA and two different H-2 allotypes/isotypes) and four additional class II structures (two single peptide complexes and two superantigen complexes) have been reported. These advances have enabled us to study the atomic detail of antigen presentation and the general mechanisms behind peptide binding, and begin to construct models of T cell recognition. Another area of research which has exploded over the past five years has been the identification of MHC-associated peptides. There are several methods one can use to determine the sequence identity of MHC restricted peptides. Historically, the most successful technique, albeit crude and encumbered with serious limitations, has been the use of overlapping synthetic peptides and T cell clones. Unfortunately, this method absolutely requires: (i) knowledge of the target antigen; (ii) availability of T cell clones; and (iii) a relatively short overall length for the target source protein, such that a set of overlapping pep tides can be affordably synthesized. Briefly, the entire sequence of the tar­ get protein is chemically synthesized using overlapping peptides which are then screened for biological activity using standard T cell presen­ tation assays. Despite its limitations, this method was used to identify the first immunodominant epitopes reported in the literature and con­ tinues to be used successfully today.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Major Histocompatibility Antigens: An Introduction2. The Major Histocompatibility Complex Genes and Their Transcriptional Regulation -- The Murine Major Histocompatibility Complex -- The Major Histocompatibility Complex of Humans, the HLA -- Developmental and Tissue-Specific Expression of MHC Genes -- Role of Aberrant Expression of MHC Gene Products in Immunologic Disease -- Cis-Elements and Transcription Factors That Control MHC Class I Gene Expression -- Factors and Elements That Control MHC Class II Gene Expression -- Models of Activation and Repression -- Concluding Comments -- 3. TAP Peptide Transporters and Antigen Presentation -- Evidence for Peptide Translocation by TAP -- Tap Genes and Sequences -- TAP as Member of the ABC Transporter Family -- Structure and Assembly of the TAP Complex -- In Vitro Assays for Peptide Binding and Transport by TAP -- Sequence Specificity of Peptide Transport by Different TAP Molecules -- Relating Specificity to the Structure of Polymorphic TAP Molecules -- Length of Transported Peptides -- TAP-Dependent and Independent Presentation -- TAP and Disease -- Concluding Remarks -- 4. Molecular Chaperones in MHC Class I and Class II Biosynthesis and Assembly -- Introduction: ER Resident Molecular Chaperones -- Molecular Chaperones Implicated in Class I Biosynthesis and Assembly -- Molecular Chaperones Implicated in MHC Class II Biosynthesis and Assembly -- Quality Control of MHC Molecules Mediated by Molecular Chaperones -- 5. Polypeptide Release from Lysosomes -- Synthesis and Transport of Lysosomal Hydrolases -- Entry of Degradation Substrates -- Lysosomal Hydrolysis -- Polypeptide Release from Lysosomes -- Possible Immunological Relevance -- Conclusion -- 6. Intracellular Trafficking of MHC Class II Molecules -- Assembly of MHC Class II Molecules in the ER and Early Stages of Transport -- Processing Intermediates of Invariant Chain -- Post-Golgi Trafficking of MHC Class II Molecules and Sites of Invariant Chain Degradation -- Intracellular Sites of Assembly of Peptide:MHC Class II Complexes -- 7. The Role of HLA-DM in Class II Antigen Presentation -- DM Sequence and Structure -- Regulation of Expression -- Genomic Organization of DM Genes -- Evolutionary Considerations -- DM Polymorphism -- Analysis of DM Mutant Cells -- The Mechanism of DM Action -- The Biology of Antigen Processing -- The Biosynthesis and Maturation of Class II -- Conclusion -- 8. Crystallographic Analysis of Peptide Binding by Class I and Class II Major Histocompatibility Antigens -- Class I Major Histocompatibility Antigens -- Class II Major Histocompatibility Antigens -- Similarities and Differences Between Class I and Class II Major Histocompatibility Antigens -- 9. HLA and Disease: Molecular Basis -- Tissue Typing Techniques -- Epidemiological Analysis -- Paradigms of Diseases Associated with the MHC -- HLA-B27 and Ankylosing Spondylitis -- MHC II and Disease -- Concluding Remarks -- 10. Epitope Prediction Algorithms for Class I MHC Molecules -- Elucidation of Peptide-Binding Motifs -- Anchor Residues -- Peptide-Binding Assays -- Physical Basis for Peptide-Binding Motifs -- Prediction of Binding Peptides -- Exceptional Peptides -- Peptide Binding and Antigenicity -- Conclusions -- 11. Options for TCR Interactions: TCR Agonists, Antagonists and Partial Agonists -- Introduction: Smart and Dumb T Cell Receptors -- Full Agonists, Partial Agonists and Antagonists -- What Do TCR Partial Agonists and Antagonists Do? -- T Cell Development -- The Direction of Mature T Cell Responses -- The Two Edged Sword: Antagonists as Protectors and Perpetrators of Disease -- How Do Antagonist/Partial Agonists Work? -- Concluding Remarks -- 12. Role of Ligand Density in T Cell Reactions -- Background -- The Study of Peptides Recognized by CD8+ CTL -- What Determines the Efficacy of CTL-Mediated Target Cell Lysis? -- Role of Ligand Density -- Concluding Remarks -- 13. Cooperative Recognition of MHC Class II Molecules:Peptide Complexes by the T Cell Receptor and CD4 -- TCR Recognition of MHC Class II:Peptide Complexes -- CD4 Binding to MHC Class II Molecules -- CD4 Interaction With the TCR:CD3 Complex -- Conclusions -- 14. Receptors for MHC Class I Molecules in Human Natural Killer Cells -- MHC Class I Molecules Inhibit NK Cell Cytotoxicity -- Murine NK Inhibitory Receptors -- Human NK Inhibitory Receptors -- A New Family of Immunoglobulin-Superfamily (Ig-SF) Genes Selectively Expressed in Human NK Cells -- Evidence That NK-Specific Ig-SF Genes May Encode Human Receptors for Class I Molecules -- NK Recognition of MHC Class I Molecules Is Mediated by a Complex System -- 15. The MHC in Host-Pathogen Evolution -- Selection Acting on the Human Host -- Pathogen Avoidance of T Cell Recognition -- Mechanisms of Decreasing Antigen Presentation -- Mechanisms of Avoiding T Cell Recognition of Specific Epitopes -- Perspective -- 16. Peptide-Mediated Regulation of Allergic Diseases -- The Role of CD4+ T Cell Subsets -- The Immunological Objectives of Allergy Therapy -- Regulation of Specific T Cells by Peptides -- Deviation of Thl/Th2 Phenotype of the Responder Population -- 17. Genetic Modulation of Antigen Presentation -- Vaccines -- Genetic Immunization for Viral Diseases -- Treatment of Autoimmune Disease -- Conclusion.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9781489910974
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 480 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Archaeology
    Abstract: Style, Society, and Person integrates the diverse current and past understandings of the causes of style in material culture. It comprehensively surveys the many factors that cause style; reviews theories that address these factors; builds and tests a unifying framework for integrating the theories; and illustrates the framework with detailed analyses of archaeological and ethnographic data ranging from simple to complex societies. Archaeologists, sociocultural anthropologists, and educators will appreciate the unique unifying approach this book takes to developing style theory
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9781489944870
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 267 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social work ; Social service.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489961181
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 387 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Performing arts ; Theater.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489933768
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 287 p) , online resource
    Edition: Third edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social work ; Sociology. ; Social groups. ; Social service.
    Abstract: 1 Looking at death and dying -- 2 The importance of communications with the patient, family and professional carers -- 3 Nursing assessment -- 4 Nursing care in symptom management -- 5 The problems of pain for the dying patient -- 6 The last hours of life -- 7 The role of the doctor -- 8 Meeting social needs — the role of the social worker -- 9 The value of physiotherapy -- 10 Care of the dying child and the family -- 11 Care of the dying patient with AIDS -- 12 Meeting the needs of staff -- 13 Religious beliefs and cultural issues -- 14 Ethical aspects -- 15 Use of a day centre -- 16 Care in the home -- 17 Nursing care of the dying patient in hospital -- 18 Care in a hospice -- 19 The place of complementary therapies -- 20 Issues of bereavement -- Useful addresses.
    Abstract: This third edition of a popular textbook has been completely revised by the joint editors, Janet Moscrop and Joy Robbins. As in previous editions, the focus is on the person dying at home, in residential care or in hospital and the emphasis is on teamwork in caring for the individual and their relatives and friends. Experts in all aspects of care have contributed to this complete revision of the previous text and each chapter is written by a different member of the multiprofessional team. The chapter on the terminal care of people suffering from AIDS has been enlarged and consideration is also given to care of those in the term­ inal stages of other non-malignant diseases. Other new material includes chapters on complementary therapy, the use of the day centre, the value of volunteers, diversional therapy and respite care. The chapter on bereavement covers many aspects of grief and loss and there is a sensitive approach to the need for supporting staff in this spe­ cialized work. Consideration is also given to the needs of dying and griev­ ing people from differing ethnic backgrounds with varying cultural expectations in a pluralistic society. The third edition offers a broad overview of the support given to the dying person and the carers by medical and nursing staff, physiothera­ pists, pharmacists, social workers, the chaplaincy and members of the pastoral care team. Students of all these disciplines should find this book both readable and informative.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489959904
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 420 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; History
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489945075
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 314 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Sociology.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9781468490909
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Interaction of Evoked Cortical Potentials in the Rabbit -- Cortical Repetitive Responses Elicited by a Single Contralateral Stimulus -- Cortical Responses to Repetitive Contralateral Stimulation after Sectioning of the Corpus Callosum -- Cortical Excitability Changes Following Transcallosal Afferent Excitation -- The Interaction of Callosal Potentials and Potentials Evoked by Thalamic Stimulation. -- The Effect of Electric Stimulation of the Brain Stem on the Galvanic Skin Reflex -- Lambda Waves of Human Subjects of Different Age Levels -- Electroencephalographic and Galvanic-Skin Investigation of the Orienting Reflex in Man -- Electroencephalographic Study of Temporary Connections in Man -- Appendices -- A. Papers on Brain Research Published in the Acta Physiologica Sinica for the Period 1962–1966 -- B. Papers on Brain Research Published in English or in Russian in the Scientia Sinica for the Period 1952–1966 -- C. Some Linguistic Aspects of Scientific and Technical Chinese -- D. Dictionaries Used in the Preparation of These Translations -- E. Chinese-Language Titles and Foreign-Language Abstracts of Articles Appearing in this Work.
    Abstract: The great majority of papers on brain research that have been published in Mainland China in recent years have appeared in the Chinese language (only a small fraction of the work has appeared in English in the journal Scientia Sinica), and hence they have remained inacces­ sible to other workers, since there have been no translation programs of publications in this field in Chinese of the types that have existed, for example, for Russian-language materials. Accordingly, most investigators are not aware of the work of their Chinese colleagues in this field. Yet the field has been an active if small one in China, and has covered a variety of topics that include electrophysiology, neurochemistry, neuropharmacology, neuropsychology, and in­ strumentation. Standard techniques and instruments, a number of Chinese manufacture, have been employed. Moreover, Chinese workers have been quite familiar with the publications of other investigators, as is readily apparent from the bibliographies of the papers (see Index).
    Description / Table of Contents: Interaction of Evoked Cortical Potentials in the RabbitCortical Repetitive Responses Elicited by a Single Contralateral Stimulus -- Cortical Responses to Repetitive Contralateral Stimulation after Sectioning of the Corpus Callosum -- Cortical Excitability Changes Following Transcallosal Afferent Excitation -- The Interaction of Callosal Potentials and Potentials Evoked by Thalamic Stimulation. -- The Effect of Electric Stimulation of the Brain Stem on the Galvanic Skin Reflex -- Lambda Waves of Human Subjects of Different Age Levels -- Electroencephalographic and Galvanic-Skin Investigation of the Orienting Reflex in Man -- Electroencephalographic Study of Temporary Connections in Man -- Appendices -- A. Papers on Brain Research Published in the Acta Physiologica Sinica for the Period 1962-1966 -- B. Papers on Brain Research Published in English or in Russian in the Scientia Sinica for the Period 1952-1966 -- C. Some Linguistic Aspects of Scientific and Technical Chinese -- D. Dictionaries Used in the Preparation of These Translations -- E. Chinese-Language Titles and Foreign-Language Abstracts of Articles Appearing in this Work.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489932563
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 253 p) , online resource
    Edition: Second edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Regional planning ; Nutrition ; Culture. ; Ethnology.
    Abstract: As someone who was trained in the clinical sdentific tradition it took me several years to start to appreciate that food was more than a collection of nutrients, and that most people did not make their choices of what to eat on the biologically rational basis of nutritional composition. This realiza­ tion helped tobring me to an understanding of why people didn't always eat what (I believed) was good for them, and why the patients I had seen in hospital as often as not had failed to follow the dietary advice I had so confidently given. When I entered the field of health education I quickly discovered the farnaus World Health Organization definition of health as being a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease. Health was a triangle -and I had been guilty of virtu­ ally ignoring two sides of that triangle. As I became involved in practical nutrition education initiatives the deficiencies of an approach based on giving information about nutrition and physical health became more and more apparent. The children whom I saw in schools knew exactly what to say when asked to describe a nutritious diet: they could recite the food guide and list rich sources of vitamins and minerals; but none of this intellectual knowledge was reflected in their own actual eating habits.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489960740
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 325 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9781468487039
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: The Structure and Electronic Configuration of Crystalline Surfaces -- Present and Proposed Uses of Low-Energy Electron Diffraction in Studying Surfaces -- The Effects of Oxide and Organic Films on Sliding Friction -- The Deformational and Geometrical Aspect of Surfaces in Sliding Contact -- Effect of Surface Energy on Lubrication -- Problems of Producing a Clean Surface by Outgassing in Ultrahigh Vacuum -- Physical Adsorption by Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Solid Surfaces -- The Relation of the Attractive Forces at Interfaces to Wetting, Spreading, Adsorption, and Long-Range Attractive Forces -- Solid-to-Solid Adhesion -- Spreading, Penetration, and Capillary Flow in Metallic Systems -- Bibliography on Surface Phenomena (Selected References, 1963–1965).
    Description / Table of Contents: The Structure and Electronic Configuration of Crystalline SurfacesPresent and Proposed Uses of Low-Energy Electron Diffraction in Studying Surfaces -- The Effects of Oxide and Organic Films on Sliding Friction -- The Deformational and Geometrical Aspect of Surfaces in Sliding Contact -- Effect of Surface Energy on Lubrication -- Problems of Producing a Clean Surface by Outgassing in Ultrahigh Vacuum -- Physical Adsorption by Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Solid Surfaces -- The Relation of the Attractive Forces at Interfaces to Wetting, Spreading, Adsorption, and Long-Range Attractive Forces -- Solid-to-Solid Adhesion -- Spreading, Penetration, and Capillary Flow in Metallic Systems -- Bibliography on Surface Phenomena (Selected References, 1963-1965).
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468414189
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One Housing Yesterday -- Two Housing Today -- Three Community Planning and Design -- Four Siting and Lot Patterns -- Five Floor Plans and Building Image -- Six Interior Details -- Seven Exterior Details -- Eight Multifamily Housing -- Nine Manufactured Housing -- Ten Conclusion: Housing Tomorrow -- Project Credits -- Notes -- Bibliograpy.
    Abstract: are often lined with garages in front of houses that are clearly more internalized in design, some even taking on a fortress-like appearance. Today's new homes are technically superior in construction; i.e., they are more energy efficient, weather resistant and maintenance free. However, they also seem to lack the warmth and charm of prewar homes, for which more construction dollars were spent on quality veneers, buUt-in features and other human-scale details. The postwar need for massive amounts of "affordable" housing for returning GIs helped to encourage buUding practices that could reduce on-site labor and material costs in houses. The accommodation of the automobile, cost-cutting movements and a variety of other trends caused a gradual decline in the human, social and emotional qualities of postwar residential architecture. This book will attempt to look at the issues and choices facing today's residential designers and home buUders and ask: How can we make our new houses and neighborhoods more responsive to humanistic needs, partlcularly in light of constant pressures to keep housing costs down? This question will generally be addressed by comparing historical designs to those of today, to see if we might be able to reconsider some "old-fashioned" ideas in new housing designs.
    Description / Table of Contents: One Housing YesterdayTwo Housing Today -- Three Community Planning and Design -- Four Siting and Lot Patterns -- Five Floor Plans and Building Image -- Six Interior Details -- Seven Exterior Details -- Eight Multifamily Housing -- Nine Manufactured Housing -- Ten Conclusion: Housing Tomorrow -- Project Credits -- Notes -- Bibliograpy.
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468489200
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction to the Reactions Between Oxidizing Gases and Metals and Alloys -- 2. Lattice Defect Phenomena and Diffusion Processes in Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic Crystals -- 2.1. Lattice Defect Phenomena in Stoichiometric Ionic Crystals -- 2.2. Defect Phenomena in Nonstoichiometric Ionic Crystals -- 2.3. Lattice Defect Phenomena in Regions Near the Surface of Nonstoichiometric Ionic Crystals -- 2.4. Lattice Defect Phenomena and Diffusion Mechanisms in Metals -- 3. The Mechanism of Oxidation of Metals — Theory -- 3.1. Diffusion and Transport Processes in Scaling and Tarnishing Layers -- 3.2. The Wagner Theory of Oxidation -- 3.3. Diffusion and Scaling Coefficients -- 3.4. Calculation of the Absolute Oxidation Rate Constants of Metals for the Parabolic Rate Law -- 3.5. The Effect of Electric Fields on Metal Oxidation -- 4. Scaling Processes in Metals and Alloys with Formation of Thick Protective Layers -- 4.1. Scaling Systems with Ion-Conducting Protective Layers -- 4.2. Scaling Systems with Electron-Conducting Protective Layers -- 4.3. Catastrophic Oxidation -- 4.4. Scaling Systems with Rate-Determining Phase-Boundary Reactions -- 4.5. Scaling Systems with Protective Layers Containing Several Phases -- 4.6. Scaling of Iron Alloys -- 4.7. The Influence of Metal Diffusion in the Alloy Phase on the Scaling Rate -- 4.8. The Mechanism of Internal Oxidation of Alloys -- 5. The Mechanism of the Attack of Sulfur and Sulfur Compounds on Metals and Alloys -- 6. The Oxidation Mechanism of Metal-Carbon Alloys and Carbides -- 7. The Mechanism of Oxide Layer Formation in Aqueous Electrolytes -- 7.1. The Phenomenon of Passivity -- 7.2. The Mechanism of Passive Layer Formation on Metals and Alloys -- 7.3. The Solution Current of Metals with Passive Layers -- 8. A Few Approved Methods of Measurement of Coating Growth -- 8.1. Use of the Microbalance in Oxidation Apparatus -- 8.2. Gas Volumetric and Manometric Methods for Measurement of the Oxidation Rate -- 8.3. Further Methods for the Measurement of the Thickness of Tarnishing Layers -- Author Index.
    Abstract: During the translation, the author had the opportunity to re­ view several chapters, taking into consideration the more recent literature. As far as possible all new theoretical concepts and experi­ mental data published before 1963 have been quoted and discussed under the theoretical viewpoint of this book. A new chapter "Passivity and Inhibition During High-Tempera­ ture Oxidation" was introduced. Section 4.8 was enlarged by a dis­ cussion of the transition from internal to external oxidation. The author very much appreciates the cooperation of the trans­ lator and of Plenum Press. Gottingen, April 1.965 Karl Hauffe v Preface The number of publications concerned with oxidation and cor­ rosion processes has become so copious that many engineers and scientists find it practically impossible to obtain an overall view of the growing body of knowledge and to bring order to the confusing multiplicity of experimental data. As a result the need for a compre­ hensive survey of the present state of research in this field has be­ come more and more urgent.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction to the Reactions Between Oxidizing Gases and Metals and Alloys2. Lattice Defect Phenomena and Diffusion Processes in Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic Crystals -- 2.1. Lattice Defect Phenomena in Stoichiometric Ionic Crystals -- 2.2. Defect Phenomena in Nonstoichiometric Ionic Crystals -- 2.3. Lattice Defect Phenomena in Regions Near the Surface of Nonstoichiometric Ionic Crystals -- 2.4. Lattice Defect Phenomena and Diffusion Mechanisms in Metals -- 3. The Mechanism of Oxidation of Metals - Theory -- 3.1. Diffusion and Transport Processes in Scaling and Tarnishing Layers -- 3.2. The Wagner Theory of Oxidation -- 3.3. Diffusion and Scaling Coefficients -- 3.4. Calculation of the Absolute Oxidation Rate Constants of Metals for the Parabolic Rate Law -- 3.5. The Effect of Electric Fields on Metal Oxidation -- 4. Scaling Processes in Metals and Alloys with Formation of Thick Protective Layers -- 4.1. Scaling Systems with Ion-Conducting Protective Layers -- 4.2. Scaling Systems with Electron-Conducting Protective Layers -- 4.3. Catastrophic Oxidation -- 4.4. Scaling Systems with Rate-Determining Phase-Boundary Reactions -- 4.5. Scaling Systems with Protective Layers Containing Several Phases -- 4.6. Scaling of Iron Alloys -- 4.7. The Influence of Metal Diffusion in the Alloy Phase on the Scaling Rate -- 4.8. The Mechanism of Internal Oxidation of Alloys -- 5. The Mechanism of the Attack of Sulfur and Sulfur Compounds on Metals and Alloys -- 6. The Oxidation Mechanism of Metal-Carbon Alloys and Carbides -- 7. The Mechanism of Oxide Layer Formation in Aqueous Electrolytes -- 7.1. The Phenomenon of Passivity -- 7.2. The Mechanism of Passive Layer Formation on Metals and Alloys -- 7.3. The Solution Current of Metals with Passive Layers -- 8. A Few Approved Methods of Measurement of Coating Growth -- 8.1. Use of the Microbalance in Oxidation Apparatus -- 8.2. Gas Volumetric and Manometric Methods for Measurement of the Oxidation Rate -- 8.3. Further Methods for the Measurement of the Thickness of Tarnishing Layers -- Author Index.
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489913104
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 280 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Archaeology
    Abstract: In this volume, archaeologists offer a new direction for burial research by expanding the models for mortuary analysis from a site-specific to a regional level. Contributors explore how regional mortuary approaches allow the introduction of new questions about peer polity interactions and regional alliances-extending traditional settlement system and exchange analyses. This volume features case studies examining mortuary sites as components of the archaeological landscape
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781489929730
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 414 p) , online resource
    Edition: Second edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Obstetrics ; Medicine ; Families. ; Families—Social aspects. ; Health.
    Abstract: 1 The revolution in maternity care: the diverse strands of a complicated tapestry -- 2 Birth attendants and their places of practice -- 3 The practices of attendants before birth -- 4 The practices of attendants around the time of birth -- 5 Maternity care: a public concern -- 6 Evaluating the results of maternity care: statistical instruments -- 7 Mortality of the mother -- 8 Mortality of the child -- 9 Epilogue: drawing fair conclusions from factual evidence -- Author index.
    Abstract: Since the first edition went to press in 1989, there have been many important developments concerning different aspects of maternity care. To take account of these, much needs to be added to this history. Late 1989 saw the publication of the double volume set of studies, Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth, in which all the then existing evidence on all the associated procedures was considered and evaluated by well-informed and impartial authors representing many countries. This informative collection has since been followed by a flow of single reports of new research findings about specific subjects within the field. To incorporate the new material has involved, in particular, a consider­ able enlargement and rearrangement of the text and reference lists for Chapters 3 and 4, which deal with antenatal and intranatal care. Then in 1990-1 the House of Commons Health Committee, under its chairman Nicholas Winterton, undertook a further enquiry into the maternity services in Britain. A wide range of people concerned as pro­ viders or users of the service, as well as researchers concerned to find out how well the service was meeting needs, chose to submit testi­ monies, written and oral. These testimonies were all later published in six volumes which offered a most valuable depiction of the maternity service from many points of view.
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9781461397830
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 463 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Biological Reactions of Dioxygen: An Introduction -- 2 Oxygen Activation by Flavins and Pterins -- 3 Reactions of Dioxygen and Its Reduced Forms with Heme Proteins and Model Porphyrin Complexes -- 4 Dioxygen Reactivity in Copper Proteins and Complexes -- 5 Oxygen Activation at Nonheme Iron Centers -- 6 The Mechanism of Lipoxygenases -- 7 The Biological Significance of Oxygen-Derived Species -- 8 Metal-Complex-Catalyzed Cleavage of Biopolymers -- 9 Exploration of Selected Pathways for Metabolic Oxidative Ring Opening of Benzene Based on Estimates of Molecular Energetics -- 10 The Role of Oxidized Lipids in Cardiovascular Disease.
    Abstract: The field of "Oxygen Activation" has attracted considerable interest recently, not only because it presents challenges in those fields of basic research that aim to understand the fundamental aspects of chemical and biological reactions that involve dioxygen, but also because of its wide range of practical implications in such diverse fields as medicine, synthesis of pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds, materials science, and atmospheric science. This is the second of two volumes that focus on the subject of oxygen activation, the first slanted toward chemistry and the second toward biological chemistry. We planned these volumes to be more general than many monographs of this sort, not as detailed summaries of the authors' own research but rather as general overviews of the field. Our choice of topics was strongly influenced by our syllabus for a course entitled "Oxygen Chemistry," which two of us have twice taught jointly at UCLA. Definition of important issues, horizons, and future prospects was an important goal, and, although totally comprehensive coverage was not possible, we believe that we have chosen a representative selection of research topics current to the field. We have targeted this work to a diverse audience ranging from professionals in fields from physics to medicine to beginning graduate students who are interested in rapidly acquiring the basics of this field.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Biological Reactions of Dioxygen: An Introduction2 Oxygen Activation by Flavins and Pterins -- 3 Reactions of Dioxygen and Its Reduced Forms with Heme Proteins and Model Porphyrin Complexes -- 4 Dioxygen Reactivity in Copper Proteins and Complexes -- 5 Oxygen Activation at Nonheme Iron Centers -- 6 The Mechanism of Lipoxygenases -- 7 The Biological Significance of Oxygen-Derived Species -- 8 Metal-Complex-Catalyzed Cleavage of Biopolymers -- 9 Exploration of Selected Pathways for Metabolic Oxidative Ring Opening of Benzene Based on Estimates of Molecular Energetics -- 10 The Role of Oxidized Lipids in Cardiovascular Disease.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461578895
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXII, 928 p) , online resource
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Flavor is unquestionably one of the most extremely secretive one-reluctant to dis­ close anything that might be of value to a important attributes of the food we eat. competitor. Thus, little information about Man does not eat simply to live but even the activities of the flavor industry itself is more so lives to eat. Take away the pleasure offood and life becomes relatively mundane. available to the public. There now is a substantial body of liter­ The goal of the original Source Book of ature dealing with food flavor. The "golden Flavors, written by Henry Heath, was to years" of flavor research in the United States bring together in one volume as much of the were the 1960s and 70s. Numerous academic worldwide data and facts and as many flavor­ and government institutions had strong related subjects (e. g. , food colors) as was flavor programs and money was readily possible. Henry Heath added a wealth of available for flavor research. In the 1980s personal information on how the industry and 90s, research funding has become diffi­ accomplishes its various activities, which cult to obtain, particularly in an esthetic had never been published in any other liter­ area such as food flavor. The number of ature. It has been the intent of this author to research groups focusing on food flavor has update and build upon the original work of declined in the United States. Fortunately, Henry Heath.
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9781468490336
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Approximate Methods of Solving Logical Problems -- Certain Questions in the Coding of Finite Automata -- Some Methods of Increasing the Reliability of Finite Automata -- Some Algorithms for Synthesizing Schemes of Minimal Depth -- Construction of Minimal Disjunctive Normal Forms -- One Method of Synthesizing Normal Forms -- Optimization of the Search for a Shortest Covering -- Minimizing the Number of Arguments of Boolean Functions -- Experimental Evaluation of One Method of Minimizing the Number of States of Discrete Automata -- Economizing of Memory Utilization -- Algorithm for Minimizing Operational Memory -- Synthesis of Optimal Algorithms for Recognizing Boolean Functions -- Economizing Program Memory of Special-Purpose Digital Computers -- Synthesizing a Stochastic Automaton -- Constructing Tests for Finite Automata by Means of the Language of Regular Expressions -- APPENDIX. Description of the LYaPAS Language -- A. D. Zakrevskii.
    Abstract: The present collection is devoted to algorithmic methods, and computer algorithms, for the synthesis of digital computers and controlling machines. The work reported in the papers collected here was performed at the Institute for Prob­ lems of Information Transmission of the Academy of Science of the USSR, in the section for computational techniques of the Institute of Mathematics of the Siberian Division of the Academy of Science of the USSR, and in the Problem Laboratory of Computing Devices of the Siberian Physics -Engineering Ins titute. The paper by A. D. Zakrevskii is devoted to the discussion of ways of solving basic prob­ lems in the area of computer solution of logical problems, including the problem of automata synthesis. In the paper by E. I. Piil' a methodology is presented for coding internal states and input states of finite automata which is suitable for computer realization. The suggested coding al­ gorithms permit one to take account simultaneously of constraints on inadmissible critical races of memory elements, speed and simplicity of structure of the automaton's logical transformer. E. N. Turuta's paper investigates certain methods of synthesizing reliable automata, based on the introduction of redundancy into the automaton's memory block. The paper by Ya. I. Fet contains a solution to the problem of synthesizing schemes of minimal depth for one of the most widely used bases of elements in computer technology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Approximate Methods of Solving Logical ProblemsCertain Questions in the Coding of Finite Automata -- Some Methods of Increasing the Reliability of Finite Automata -- Some Algorithms for Synthesizing Schemes of Minimal Depth -- Construction of Minimal Disjunctive Normal Forms -- One Method of Synthesizing Normal Forms -- Optimization of the Search for a Shortest Covering -- Minimizing the Number of Arguments of Boolean Functions -- Experimental Evaluation of One Method of Minimizing the Number of States of Discrete Automata -- Economizing of Memory Utilization -- Algorithm for Minimizing Operational Memory -- Synthesis of Optimal Algorithms for Recognizing Boolean Functions -- Economizing Program Memory of Special-Purpose Digital Computers -- Synthesizing a Stochastic Automaton -- Constructing Tests for Finite Automata by Means of the Language of Regular Expressions -- APPENDIX. Description of the LYaPAS Language -- A. D. Zakrevskii.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781468483529
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Magnets in Biological Research -- Effects of Near-Zero Magnetic Fields upon Biological Systems -- The Effects of a Magnetic Field on DNA Synthesis by Ascites Sarcoma 37 Cells -- The Effect of Strong Inhomogeneous Magnetic Fields on Serum-Free Cell Cultures -- Effects of Magnetic Fields on Cellular Respiration -- Magnetic Field and in situ Acetylocholinesterase in the Vagal Heart System -- Effects of the Magnetic Field on Internal Organs and the Endocrine System of Mice -- Changes in Sodium and Potassium Content of Urine from Mice Subjected to Intense Magnetic Fields -- Changes in the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate of Rabbits Due to Exposure of the Central Nervous System to a Constant Magnetic Field -- Sensitivity of Some Plant Material to Magnetic Fields -- Biomagnetic Hypotheses -- The Effect of High-Gradient, High-Strength Magnetic Fields on the Early Embryonic Development of Frogs -- Mutagenic Effects of Magnetic Fields on Drosophila melanogaster -- The Effect of Magnetic Fields upon the Central Nervous System -- Investigations of the Reactions of Mammalian Brain to Static Magnetic Fields -- Effect of a Constant Magnetic Field on Invertebrate Neurons -- Preference of Mice to Consume Food and Water in an Environment of High Magnetic Field -- Vectorcardiogram and Aortic Blood Flow of Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) in a Strong Superconductive Electromagnet -- Magnetic Susceptibility of Biological Materials.
    Abstract: We define biomagnetism broadly as the science of processes and functions in living organisms induced by static magnetic fields. Biomagnetic research has greatly increased since the publication of the first volume of this series. While much of this work has been reported in various international journals, there exists a need for this work to be collected together in one place. This book covers a rather wide area of research, both with respect to the strength of the field, ranging from "zero" to 150,000 oersteds, and with respect to the various specimens and their biological functions. It is designed primarly to help clarify the action of magnetic fields on biological systems with the hope of achieving a better understanding of the fundamental physiological processes occurring in them. In some chapters it is suggested that magnetic fields could ultimately be used in the treatment of disease. I would like to take this occasion to thank the contributors for their generous interest and willing cooperation. M. F. B. June 1969 Chicago, Illinois v CONTRIBUTORS Robert A. Abler, Varian Associates, Palo Alto, California (page 1). M. M. Alexandrovskaya, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neuro­ physiology, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR (page 215). Jena M. Barnothy, Biomagnetic Research Foundation, Evanston, Illinois (page 61). Madeleine F. Barnothy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois (pages xi, 103). Robert O. Becker, State University of New York, Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse; Veterans Administration Hospital, Syracuse, New York (page 207).
    Description / Table of Contents: Magnets in Biological ResearchEffects of Near-Zero Magnetic Fields upon Biological Systems -- The Effects of a Magnetic Field on DNA Synthesis by Ascites Sarcoma 37 Cells -- The Effect of Strong Inhomogeneous Magnetic Fields on Serum-Free Cell Cultures -- Effects of Magnetic Fields on Cellular Respiration -- Magnetic Field and in situ Acetylocholinesterase in the Vagal Heart System -- Effects of the Magnetic Field on Internal Organs and the Endocrine System of Mice -- Changes in Sodium and Potassium Content of Urine from Mice Subjected to Intense Magnetic Fields -- Changes in the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate of Rabbits Due to Exposure of the Central Nervous System to a Constant Magnetic Field -- Sensitivity of Some Plant Material to Magnetic Fields -- Biomagnetic Hypotheses -- The Effect of High-Gradient, High-Strength Magnetic Fields on the Early Embryonic Development of Frogs -- Mutagenic Effects of Magnetic Fields on Drosophila melanogaster -- The Effect of Magnetic Fields upon the Central Nervous System -- Investigations of the Reactions of Mammalian Brain to Static Magnetic Fields -- Effect of a Constant Magnetic Field on Invertebrate Neurons -- Preference of Mice to Consume Food and Water in an Environment of High Magnetic Field -- Vectorcardiogram and Aortic Blood Flow of Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) in a Strong Superconductive Electromagnet -- Magnetic Susceptibility of Biological Materials.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    ISBN: 9781461565918
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Telecommunication. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Electronic Cable in an Emi Environment -- 1.1 Introduction to System EMI and EMC -- 1.2 Cable EMI Controlling Factors -- 1.3 Defining and Modeling EMC Performance of Electronic Cable -- 2. Understanding Cable Shielding -- 2.1 Effects and Problems of Cable Shielding -- 2.2 Bare Necessities: A Theoretical Detour -- 2.3 Shielding—This Is Not Very Simple -- 3. Transfer Parameters of Cable Shields -- 3.1 Figure of Merit of Cable Shield Performance -- 3.2 The Electromagnetic Theory of Solid Homogeneous Shielding Tubes -- 3.3 Practical Tubular Shields -- 3.4 Spiral Shields -- 3.5 Braided Shield -- 3.6 Multilayer Shields -- 4. Electromagnetic Coupling and Shielding -- 4.1 Shielding to Decouple and Coupling to Shield -- 4.2 Coupling and Shielding in Static and Stationary Fields -- 4.3 Shielding for Crosstalk Protection -- 4.4 Shielding from Radiating Fields -- 4.5 Grounding and Termination of Cable Shields -- 4.6 Transient Response of Cable Shielding -- 5. Measurement Techniques and Apparatus: The Tools of the Trade -- 5.1 The Proof of the Shielding -- 5.2 System Shielding Effectiveness Measurements -- 5.3 Cable Assembly Measurements -- 5.4 Transfer Impedance and Capacitive Coupling Impedance Measurements -- 5.5 Testing in Time Domain -- 5.6 Test Result Correlation And Interpretation -- 6. Cable Shielding Engineering -- 6.1 System Approach to Shielding Engineering -- 6.2 Cable Shielding Design for EMC Performance -- 6.3 Performance Stability and Reliability of Cable Shielding -- 6.4 Shielding Unlimited.
    Abstract: The mathematical theory of wave propagation along a conductor with an external coaxial return is very old, going back to the work of Rayleigh, Heaviside, and J. J. Thomson. These words were written by S. A. Schelkunoff back in 1934. Indeed, those early works dealt with signal propagation along the line as well as electromagnetic shielding of the environment inside and/or outside the metallic enclosures. Max­ well himself developed pioneering studies of single-layer shielding shells, while a paper with such a "modern" title as "On the Magnetic Shielding of Concentric Spherical Shells" was presented by A. W Rucker as early as 1893! * Such "state of the art" shielding theory created in the last century is even more amazing if you think that at almost the same time (namely, in 1860s), a manuscript of Jules Verne's book, Paris in the. xx Century, was rejected by a publisher because it pre­ dicted such "outrageously incredible" electrotechnology as, for example, FAX service by wires and the electrocutioner's chair. (With regard to the last invention, I suspect many readers would rather Jules Verne has been wrong. ) However, although the beginning of electromagnetic shielding theory and its implementation to electronic cables date back more than a century, this dynamic field keeps constantly growing, driven by practical applications.
    Description / Table of Contents: PrefaceAcknowledgments -- 1. Electronic Cable in an Emi Environment -- 1.1 Introduction to System EMI and EMC -- 1.2 Cable EMI Controlling Factors -- 1.3 Defining and Modeling EMC Performance of Electronic Cable -- 2. Understanding Cable Shielding -- 2.1 Effects and Problems of Cable Shielding -- 2.2 Bare Necessities: A Theoretical Detour -- 2.3 Shielding-This Is Not Very Simple -- 3. Transfer Parameters of Cable Shields -- 3.1 Figure of Merit of Cable Shield Performance -- 3.2 The Electromagnetic Theory of Solid Homogeneous Shielding Tubes -- 3.3 Practical Tubular Shields -- 3.4 Spiral Shields -- 3.5 Braided Shield -- 3.6 Multilayer Shields -- 4. Electromagnetic Coupling and Shielding -- 4.1 Shielding to Decouple and Coupling to Shield -- 4.2 Coupling and Shielding in Static and Stationary Fields -- 4.3 Shielding for Crosstalk Protection -- 4.4 Shielding from Radiating Fields -- 4.5 Grounding and Termination of Cable Shields -- 4.6 Transient Response of Cable Shielding -- 5. Measurement Techniques and Apparatus: The Tools of the Trade -- 5.1 The Proof of the Shielding -- 5.2 System Shielding Effectiveness Measurements -- 5.3 Cable Assembly Measurements -- 5.4 Transfer Impedance and Capacitive Coupling Impedance Measurements -- 5.5 Testing in Time Domain -- 5.6 Test Result Correlation And Interpretation -- 6. Cable Shielding Engineering -- 6.1 System Approach to Shielding Engineering -- 6.2 Cable Shielding Design for EMC Performance -- 6.3 Performance Stability and Reliability of Cable Shielding -- 6.4 Shielding Unlimited.
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