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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (2,083)
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  • English  (2,083)
  • Italian
  • Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (2,083)
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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (2,083)
  • MARKK
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  • English  (2,083)
  • Italian
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Advances in Autism Research (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036501628 , 9783036501635
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (400 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Neurosciences
    Abstract: This book represents one of the most up-to-date collections of articles on clinical practice and research in the field of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The scholars who contributed to this book are experts in their field, carrying out cutting edge research in prestigious institutes worldwide (e.g., Harvard Medical School, University of California, MIND Institute, King’s College, Karolinska Institute, and many others). The book addressed many topics, including (1) The COVID-19 pandemic; (2) Epidemiology and prevalence; (3) Screening and early behavioral markers; (4) Diagnostic and phenotypic profile; (5) Treatment and intervention; (6) Etiopathogenesis (biomarkers, biology, and genetic, epigenetic, and risk factors); (7) Comorbidity; (8) Adulthood; and (9) Broader Autism Phenotype (BAP). This book testifies to the complexity of performing research in the field of ASD. The published contributions underline areas of progress and ongoing challenges in which more certain data is expected in the coming years. It would be desirable that experts, clinicians, researchers, and trainees could have the opportunity to read this updated text describing the challenging heterogeneity of Autism Spectrum Disorder
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  • 2
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    Fuel Cell Renewable Hybrid Power Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036513072 , 9783036513089
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Climate change is becoming visible today, and so this book—through including innovative solutions and experimental research as well as state-of-the-art studies in challenging areas related to sustainable energy development based on hybrid energy systems that combine renewable energy systems with fuel cells—represents a useful resource for researchers in these fields. In this context, hydrogen fuel cell technology is one of the alternative solutions for the development of future clean energy systems. As this book presents the latest solutions, readers working in research areas related to the above are invited to read it
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  • 3
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    Diets, Foods and Food Components Effect on Dyslipidemia (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036512389 , 9783036512396
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (300 p.)
    Keywords: Public health & preventive medicine
    Abstract: Dyslipidemia, and particularly hypercholesterolemia, remains a main cardiovascular disease risk factor, partly reversible with the improvement of life-style, including dietary, habits. Even when a pharmacological treatment is begun, dietary support to lipid-lowering is always desired. This book will provide a selection of new evidence on the possible lipid-lowering effects of some dietary and medicinal plant components, reporting some interesting reviews, experimental data and results from clinical trials. The book is adapted for experts in nutrition but also for all scientists involved in cardiovascular disease prevention
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  • 4
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    Advances in the Biology of Phototrophic Bacteria (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036522692 , 9783036522708
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (274 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The application of genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses brings new dimensions to our understanding of the biology of phototrophic bacteria. Comparing gene sequences of photosynthetic reaction center proteins and a key enzyme of bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis from more than 150 genomes demonstrates the ancient roots of phototrophic bacteria. The presence and phylogeny of biosynthetic pathways of the compatible solutes ectoine and glycine betaine define groups of marine and halophilic phototrophic bacteria. The wide range of ecological niches conquered during evolution is demonstrated by the adaptation of cyanobacterial genera Scytonema, Tolypothrix, and Nostoc to different temperature ranges and the adaptation of Heliorestis species to alkaline habitats. Differences between phototrophic purple bacteria from marine and freshwater habitats are reflected in the preference for sulfidic and non-sulfidic niches. Also, a high proportion of siderophore producers was found among isolates from freshwater sources opposed to those from salty habitats . The primary colonization of carbonate rocks by a group of novel endolithic cyanobacteria and the following successions were studied over 9 months. The genomic characterization of the aerobic Dinoroseobacter strain AAP5, the strictly anaerobic and syntrophic Prosthecochloris ethylica, and the strictly anaerobic Heliorestis convoluta is reported. Significant differences in relation to oxygen are reflected in oxygen production by some species, oxygen tolerance over a wide range of concentrations, and the use of oxygen for energy generation or a strictly anaerobic lifestyle. Relations to oxygen are highlighted in papers on photooxidative stress, regulation of iron–sulfur cluster formation, and interactions of redox regulators. In situ metatranscriptomic and proteomic studies demonstrate the high metabolic flexibility of Chloroflexus aggregans in a hot spring microbial mat and show its adaptation to the changing conditions over day and night periods by a well-coordinated regulation of key metabolic processes for both phototrophic and chemotrophic growth
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  • 5
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    Additively Manufactured Coatings (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524887 , 9783036524894
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (106 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Functional coatings are cost-effective means to protect substrates from wear, corrosion, erosion, tribocorrosion, high temperature and high pressure in extreme environmental conditions. These are primarily manufactured through metal/ceramic powder deposition in a subsequent layer by layer fashion on the substrate materials. In all cases, the functional coatings need to be reliable for the intended application. The emerging techniques in 3D printing/additive manufacturing can be utilized to develop high-performance functional coatings. These methods provide geometrical precision, flexibility in geometrical complexity, customization of the coating layers, and reduce the raw materials waste, keeping the manufacturing cost low while addressing many of the technical barriers of conventional coating methods. With the rapid development of cutting-edge value-added technologies in aerospace, nuclear, military, space, and energy industry, 3D printing/additive manufacturing techniques will be major advantages. Novel functional coatings and 3D printing/additive manufacturing techniques will be critical to value-added components in the future development of technologies. The book provide an overview of the recent development in coating manufacturing techniques and potential to use in high-end engineering applications
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  • 6
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    CFD Simulations of Marine Hydrodynamics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036523354 , 9783036523361
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (556 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: CFD is an emerging area and is gaining popularity due to the availability of ever-increasing computational power. If used accurately, CFD methods may overcome the limitations of experimental and other numerical methods, in some respects. This Special Issue focuses on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulations of Marine Hydrodynamics with a specific focus on the applications of naval architecture and ocean engineering, and it comprises 24 original articles that advance state-of-the-art CFD applications in marine hydrodynamics and/or review the progress and future directions of research in this field. The published articles cover a wide range of subjects relevant to naval architecture and ocean engineering, including but not limited to; ship resistance and propulsion, seakeeping and maneuverability, hydrodynamics of marine renewable energy devices, validation and verification of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), EFD/CFD combined methods, fouling/coating hydrodynamics
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  • 7
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    Legionella Contamination in Water Environment (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036506944 , 9783036506951
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (298 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Legionella spp. are ubiquitous microorganisms that are widely distributed in aquatic environments. Water systems of large buildings, such as hospitals, hotels, and rental units are often contaminated by legionellae and various parameters such as physical, chemical, and microbial building water system characteristics can influence Legionella occurrence. A range of physical and chemical disinfection methods have been proposed to control Legionella contamination; however, to date, the most effective procedures have not been defined. There is a need to survey legionellae in water systems to prevent legionellosis. Although the assessment of L. pneumophila in water is typically performed by culture isolation on selective media, it has several limits. For this reason, alternative tools for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of Legionella in water samples have been proposed. In order to increase knowledge on different aspects of Legionella contamination in the water environment, this book gathers research studies related to the occurrence of Legionella in water systems of different environments; the role of different factors that can influence the Legionella contamination, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different methodological approaches
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  • 8
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    Weed Ecology and New Approaches for Management (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036515120 , 9783036515113
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (286 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Abstract: Satisfying consumer needs through the production of healthy and nutritious agricultural products is a substantial challenge facing modern agriculture. However, agricultural production should be carried out with care for plant health, biological safety of products, and environmental safety while minimizing the risks to human health. Therefore, the implementation of agricultural practices while respecting these principles is very important for improving the quantity and quality of crops. Additionally, ecosystems have been altered as a result of human activities and climate change, resulting in the reduction of biodiversity and creation of new niches where pests can thrive. This is of particular importance in 2020, as the United Nations General Assembly declared this year as the International Year of Plant Health (IYPH), with “protecting plants, protecting life” as a leading subject.This Special Issue promotes the subject of plant health and emphasize the importance of preventing the spread of pests, including weeds, which cause substantial economic losses. Research articles cover topics related to the biology and harmfulness of weeds, particularly in connection with crop health, segetal weed communities and their biodiversity, and integrated methods of weed control. For this Special Issue, we welcome all types of articles, including original research, opinions, and reviews
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  • 9
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    Biochemical and Thermochemical Conversion Processes of Lignicellulosic Biomass Fractionated Streams (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036519425 , 9783036519432
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (244 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Moving towards a sustainable and green economy requires the use of renewable resources for the production of fuels, chemicals, and materials. In such a scenario, the use of lignocellulosic biomass and waste streams plays an important role, as it consists of abundant renewable resources. The complex nature of lignocellulosic biomass dictates the use of a pretreatment process prior to any further processing. Traditional methods of biomass pretreatment fail to recover cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in clean streams. It has been recognized that the efficient use of all the main fractions of lignocellulosic biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) is an important step towards a financially sustainable biomass biorefinery. In this context, switching from biomass pretreatment to biomass fractionation can offer a sustainable solution to recover relatively clean streams of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. This Special issue aims at exploring the most advanced solutions in biomass and waste pretreatment and fractionation techniques, together with novel (thermo)chemical and biochemical processes for the conversion of fractionated cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin to bioenergy, bio-based chemicals, and biomaterials, including the application of such products (i.e., use of biochar for filtration and metallurgical processes), as well as recent developments in kinetic, thermodynamic, and numeric modeling of conversion processes. The scope of this Special Issue will also cover progress in advanced measuring methods and techniques used in the characterization of biomass, waste, and products
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  • 10
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    Smart Sensor Technologies for IoT (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524627 , 9783036524634
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (270 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The recent development in wireless networks and devices has led to novel services that will utilize wireless communication on a new level. Much effort and resources have been dedicated to establishing new communication networks that will support machine-to-machine communication and the Internet of Things (IoT). In these systems, various smart and sensory devices are deployed and connected, enabling large amounts of data to be streamed. Smart services represent new trends in mobile services, i.e., a completely new spectrum of context-aware, personalized, and intelligent services and applications. A variety of existing services utilize information about the position of the user or mobile device. The position of mobile devices is often achieved using the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) chips that are integrated into all modern mobile devices (smartphones). However, GNSS is not always a reliable source of position estimates due to multipath propagation and signal blockage. Moreover, integrating GNSS chips into all devices might have a negative impact on the battery life of future IoT applications. Therefore, alternative solutions to position estimation should be investigated and implemented in IoT applications. This Special Issue, “Smart Sensor Technologies for IoT” aims to report on some of the recent research efforts on this increasingly important topic. The twelve accepted papers in this issue cover various aspects of Smart Sensor Technologies for IoT
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  • 11
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    Nutraceuticals and Human Health (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036504445 , 9783036504452
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (340 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction
    Abstract: In this Special Issue, we have published papers on the health-promoting effects of nutraceuticals from different sources, and their effects in different pathologies. Extracts from plants have been analyzed, for example, extracts from olive leaves, Mikania micrantha, the devil’s claw, raspberries and others, alongside marine phytoplankton, egg-yolk and marketed dietary supplements. The effects of these extracts and dietary supplements have been studied in diseases associated with obesity, and in diseases where inflammation pathways are involved. The effectiveness of resveratrol and curcumin to support the anticancer activity of cisplatin has also been reported, as well as the ability of devil’s claw root extract to stimulate the CB2 receptors in synoviocytes in osteoarthritis patients. The anti-oxidant effect of marine phytoplankton has been studied on muscle damage, both in humans and in an animal model, and the effects of the metabolite of antocianin were analyzed in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Finally, reviews on the use of lactoferrin, ω3 and ω6 and abscisic acid have been reported, in addition to the crosstalk between prostate cancer and microbiota inflammation. Although it is not yet possible to draw definitive conclusions on the use of nutraceuticals, several mechanisms of action for many of them have been further clarified
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  • 12
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    Climate Change and Air Pollution Effects on Forest Ecosystems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036526669 , 9783036526676
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (202 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Both climate change and air pollution have large negative impacts on physiological processes and functions at the individual tree level and on whole forest ecosystems. The objective of climate change and air quality monitoring is to make decisions, based on scientific knowledge, regarding how to best manage and improve the current state of the environment. Our ability to take urgent measures to combat climate change and its impact on forest ecosystems and conserve forest biodiversity depends upon our knowledge of the latest scientific results on the status of forest ecosystems. Unfortunately, there are a lot of gaps in our knowledge of the detection and monitoring of their effects on forest ecosystems. This book presents relevant results from scientific research in the fields of climate change, air pollution, forest conservation, protection and monitoring that can contribute to a better science–policy interaction and to the elaboration of specific strategies, in accordance with the areas of forest sciences from IUFRO RG 8.04.00 - Impacts of air pollution and climate change on forest ecosystems
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  • 13
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    Cells and Materials for Disease Modeling and Regenerative Medicine (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502625 , 9783036502632
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (270 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Materials science and engineering are strongly developing tools with increasing impact in the biotechnological and biomedical areas. Interestingly, research in molecular and cellular biology is often at the core of the design and development of materials-based approaches, providing biological rationale. Focused on research relying on biology–materials interaction, IJMS launched a Special Issue named “Cells and Materials for Disease Modeling and Regenerative Medicine”. The aim of the Special Issue was to generate a compilation of in vitro and in vivo strategies based on cell–material interactions. This book compiles the papers published in that Special Issue and includes a selection of six original scientific experimental articles and six comprehensive reviews. We are convinced that this collection of articles shows representative examples of the state of the art in the field, unveiling the relevance of materials research in generating new regenerative medicine and disease modeling approaches
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  • 14
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    Theory and Application of Fixed Point (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036520711 , 9783036520728
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: In the past few decades, several interesting problems have been solved using fixed point theory. In addition to classical ordinary differential equations and integral equation, researchers also focus on fractional differential equations (FDE) and fractional integral equations (FIE). Indeed, FDE and FIE lead to a better understanding of several physical phenomena, which is why such differential equations have been highly appreciated and explored. We also note the importance of distinct abstract spaces, such as quasi-metric, b-metric, symmetric, partial metric, and dislocated metric. Sometimes, one of these spaces is more suitable for a particular application. Fixed point theory techniques in partial metric spaces have been used to solve classical problems of the semantic and domain theory of computer science. This book contains some very recent theoretical results related to some new types of contraction mappings defined in various types of spaces. There are also studies related to applications of the theoretical findings to mathematical models of specific problems, and their approximate computations. In this sense, this book will contribute to the area and provide directions for further developments in fixed point theory and its applications
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  • 15
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    Spumaretroviruses (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036505947 , 9783036505954
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (352 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Neurosciences
    Abstract: Foamy viruses, currently referred to as spumaretroviruses, are the most ancient retroviruses as evidenced by traces of viral sequences dispersed in all vertebrate classes from fish to mammals. Additionally, infectious foamy viruses circulate in a variety of mammalian species including simian, bovine, equine, caprine, and feline. Foamy viruses have many unique features which led to the division of the retrovirus family into two subfamilies, the Orthoretrovirinae and Spumaretrovirinae. In vitro, foamy viruses have a broad host range and in vivo, human infections have been described due to cross-species transmission from infected nonhuman primates. Thus far, there are no reports of virus-induced disease in humans or in the natural host species. These unique properties of foamy viruses have led researchers to develop foamy viruses as gene therapy vectors to study virus–virus and virus–host interactions for identifying factors involved in virus replication, transmission, and immune regulation that could influence potential clinical outcomes in humans as well as for using endogenous foamy virus sequences in the analysis of host species evolution
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  • 16
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    80 Years of Professor Wigner's Seminal Work "On Unitary Representations of the Inhomogeneous Lorentz Group" (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036521978 , 9783036521985
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book celebrates the 80 years of the Professor Eugene P. Wigner paper “On Unitary Representations of the Inhomogeneous Lorentz Group", published in The Annals of Mathematics in 1939. We have collected several contributions divided into Research articles and Reviews. All contributions are technical, but the papers also bring a health element of didactic. Practitioners from several areas, from Gravity to Quantum Field Theory and Quantum Mechanics, as well as students, shall find a rich material in this Volume
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  • 17
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    Thermochemical Conversion Processes for Solid Fuels and Renewable Energies (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036510965 , 9783036510972
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: It is widely believed that a large proportion of greenhouse gas emissions originated anthropogenically from the use of fossil fuels with additional contributions coming from manufactured materials, deforestation, soil erosion, and agriculture (including livestock). The global society actively supports measures to create a flexible and low-carbon energy economy to attenuate climate change and its devastating environmental consequences. In this Special Issue, the recent advancements in the next-generation thermochemical conversion processes for solid fuels and renewable energies (e.g., the operational flexibility of co-combustion of biomass and lignite, integrated solar combined cycle power plants, and advanced gasification systems such as the sorption-enhanced gasification and the chemical looping gasification) were shown
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  • 18
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    Mycotoxins Study: Toxicology, Identification and Control (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036514161 , 9783036514154
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (165 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This Book of Toxins comprises 11 original contributions and one review. New findings regarding presence of mycotoxins in aromatic and medicinal plants, mango and orange juice, juices, pulps, jams, and beer, from Morocco, Pakistan, and Portugal are reported. In these studies, innovative techniques to study their presence has been developed, including liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry to analyse mycotoxins and conjugated mycotoxins. Novel strategies to detect mycotoxin presence and comparisons the characteristics of a rapid quantitative analysis of different mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A, patulin, sterigmatocystin, and zearalenone) are also presented using acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterases and photobacterial strains of luminescent cells. Additionally, toxicological effects of zearalenone metabolites and beauvericin on SH-SY5Y neuronal cells are presented. One important point in the control of mycotoxins is related to decontaminated strategies, and in this sense the efficacy of potentially probiotic fruit-derived Lactobacillus isolates in removing aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is presented. Other mycotoxin decontaminated techniques included in this book are electron beam irradiation (EBI) and degradation of zearalenone and ochratoxin A using ozone. Finally, a review that summarizes the newly discovered macrocyclic trichothecenes and their bioactivities over the last decade is included.The evaluation of the presence of mycotoxins in different matrices is achieved through different analytical tools (including quantitative or qualitative determinations). Studies of mycotoxin isolation, using chromatographyc equipment coupled to spectrometry detectors (QTrap-MS/MS, MS/MS tandem, QTOF-MS/MS), are the most useful tools to control their presence. All these studies represent key steps in the establishment of the limits of detection, limits of quantification, points of identification, accuracy, reproducibility, and repeatability of different procedures. The maximum permitted or recommended levels for mycotoxins in different matrices are within a wide range (including the levels tolerated by infants and animals). In addition, decontaminated strategies, as well as control and evaluation of exposure, are demanded by authorities and food safety systems
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  • 19
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    Marine Skeletal Biopolymers and Proteins, and Their Biomedical Application (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036521343 , 9783036521336
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book covers recent trends in all aspects of basic and applied scientific research on marine skeletal proteins and biopolymers (e.g., chitin, collagen), and their derivatives. Some recent innovations of marine proteins have been incorporated in this book that could be potentially applied in scientific and industrial research. Due to their broad array of biological functions in biopolymer- and protein-based drugs, such as anticancer, antimicrobial, bone tissue regeneration, antioxidant, and anti-aging functions, bioactive skeletal proteins and biopolymers have recently attracted a great amount of interest in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical industries (including anti-aging drugs)
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  • 20
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    Recent Trends in Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036507989 , 9783036507996
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book covers the most recent research trends and applications of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry. The included topics range from the adulteration of dietary supplements, to the determination of drugs in biological samples with the aim to investigate their pharmacokinetic properties
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  • 21
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    Sustainable Construction Engineering and Management (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036526287 , 9783036526294
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (680 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Book is a Printed Edition of the Special Issue which covers sustainability as an emerging requirement in the fields of construction management, project management and engineering. We invited authors to submit their theoretical or experimental research articles that address the challenges and opportunities for sustainable construction in all its facets, including technical topics and specific operational or procedural solutions, as well as strategic approaches aimed at the project, company or industry level. Central to developments are smart technologies and sophisticated decision-making mechanisms that augment sustainable outcomes. The Special Issue was received with great interest by the research community and attracted a high number of submissions. The selection process sought to balance the inclusion of a broad representative spread of topics against research quality, with editors and reviewers settling on thirty-three articles for publication. The Editors invite all participating researchers and those interested in sustainable construction engineering and management to read the summary of the Special Issue and of course to access the full-text articles provided in the Book for deeper analyses
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  • 22
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    Agroforestry-Based Ecosystem Services (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036517421 , 9783036517414
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (476 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: As a dynamic interface between agriculture and forestry, agroforestry has only recently been formally recognized as a relevant part of land use with ‘trees outside forest’ in important parts of the world—but not everywhere yet. The Sustainable Development Goals have called attention to the need for the multifunctionality of landscapes that simultaneously contribute to multiple goals. In the UN decade of landscape restoration, as well as in response to the climate change urgency and biodiversity extinction crisis, an increase in global tree cover is widely seen as desirable, but its management by farmers or forest managers remains contested. Agroforestry research relates tree–soil–crop–livestock interactions at the plot level with landscape-level analysis of social-ecological systems and efforts to transcend the historical dichotomy between forest and agriculture as separate policy domains. An ‘ecosystem services’ perspective quantifies land productivity, flows of water, net greenhouse gas emissions, and biodiversity conservation, and combines an ‘actor’ perspective (farmer, landscape manager) with that of ‘downstream’ stakeholders (in the same watershed, ecologically conscious consumers elsewhere, global citizens) and higher-level regulators designing land-use policies and spatial zoning
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    Intermittency in Transitional Shear Flows (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036509426 , 9783036509433
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book contains original peer-reviewed articles written by some of the most prominent international physicists active in the field of hydrodynamics. The topic is entirely devoted to the study of the transitional regimes of incompressible viscous flow found at the onset of turbulent flows. Nine articles written for this 2020 Special Issue of the journal Entropy (MDPI) have been gathered at the crossroads of fluid mechanics, statistical physics, complexity theory, and applied mathematics. They include experimental, analytic, and computational material of an academic level that has not been published anywhere else
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    Recent Advances in Post-Lithium Ion Batteries (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036512440 , 9783036512457
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are efficient storage systems for portable electronic devices, electrical power grids, and electrified transportation due to their high-energy density and low maintenance requirements. After their launch into the market in 1990s, they immediately became the dominant technology for portable systems. The development of LiBs for electric drive vehicles has been, in contrast, rather incremental. There are several critical issues, such as an energy density, system safety, cost, and environmental impact of the battery production processes, that remain challenges in the automotive field. In order to strengthen the LiB’s competitiveness and affordability in vehicle technology, the necessity of game-changer batteries is urgent. Recently, a novel approach going beyond Li batteries has become rapidly established. Several new chemistries have been proposed, leading to better performances in terms of energy density, long-life storage capability, safety, and sustainability. However, several challenges, such as a thorough understanding of mechanisms, cell design, long-term durability, and safety issues, have not yet been fully addressed. This book collects some recent developments and emerging trends in the field of “post-lithium” batteries, covering both fundamental and applied aspects of next-generation batteries
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    Technology of Welding and Joining (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036508863 , 9783036508870
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (196 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: In this book, you will find information on new materials and new welding technologies. Problems related to the welding of difficult-to-weld materials are considered and solved. The latest welding technologies and processes are presented. This book provides an opportunity to learn about the latest trends and developments in the welding industry. Enjoy reading
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    Challenging Academia: A Critical Space for Controversial Social Issues (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036508269 , 9783036508276
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction
    Abstract: Some social issues and practices have become dangerous areas for academics to research and write about. ‘Academic freedom’ is increasingly constrained, not just by long established ‘normal’ factors (territoriality, power differentials, competition, protectionism), but also by the increased significance of social media and the rise of identity politics (and activists who treat work which challenges their world view as abusive hate-speech). So extreme are these pressures that some institutions and even statutory bodies now adopt policies and practices which contravene relevant regulations and laws. This book seeks to draw attention to the limiting and damaging effects of academic ‘gagging’. The book, drawn from a special edition of Societies, offers an eclectic series of international articles which may annoy some people. The book challenges taken for granted mainstream assumptions and practices in a number of areas, including gender mainstreaming, social work education, child sexual abuse, the ethnic disaggregation of population groups, fatherhood and masculinity, the erosion of democratic legitimacy, the trap of victimhood and vulnerability, employment practices in universities, and the challenges presented by the widespread and deliberate suppression of scholarship and research. In an analytic postscript Laurent Dubreuil discusses the nature of identity politics and the manner in which its effects can be identified across the many topics covered in these challenging articles
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    Absorbable Metals for Biomedical Applications (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517643 , 9783036517636
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (235 p.)
    Abstract: Absorbable metals have shown significant clinical potential for temporary implant applications, where the material is eventually replaced by healthy, functioning tissue. However, several challenges remain before these metals can be used in humans. Innovations and further improvements are required. This book collects scientific contributions dealing with the development of absorbable metals with improved and unique corrosion and mechanical properties for applications in highly loaded implants or cardiovascular and urethral stents
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    Responses of Plants to Environmental Stresses (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036508306 , 9783036508313
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (254 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Environmental abiotic stresses, such as extreme temperatures, drought, excess light, salinity, and nutrient deficiency, have detrimental effects on plant growth, development, and yield. Plants are equipped with various adaptation mechanisms to cope with such unfavorable conditions. Our understanding of plants’ abiotic stress responses is crucial to maintaining efficient plant productivity. This book on the responses of plants to environmental stresses is an attempt to find answers to several basic questions related to their adaptation and protective mechanisms against abiotic stresses. The following chapters of the book describe examples of plants’ protective strategies, which cover physiological, cellular, biochemical, and genomic mechanisms. This book is aimed for use by advanced students and researchers in the area of stress biology, plant molecular biology and physiology, agriculture, biochemistry, as well as environmental sciences
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    Composite Materials in Design Processes (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036501529 , 9783036501536
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The use of composite materials in the design process allows one to tailer a component’s mechanical properties, thus reducing its overall weight. On the one hand, the possible combinations of matrices, reinforcements, and technologies provides more options to the designer. On the other hand, it increases the fields that need to be investigated in order to obtain all the information requested for a safe design. This Applied Sciences Special Issue, “Composite Materials in Design Processes”, collects recent advances in the design methods for components made of composites and composite material properties at a laminate level or using a multi-scale approach
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    Organelle Genetics in Plants (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036510002 , 9783036510019
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Chloroplasts in photosynthetic organisms and mitochondria in a vast majority of eukaryotes, contain part of the genetic material of a eukaryotic cell. The organisation and inheritance patterns of this organellar DNA are quite different to that of nuclear DNA. Present-day chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes contain only a few dozen genes. Nevertheless, these organelles harbor several thousand proteins, the vast majority of them encoded by the nucleus. As a result, the expression of nuclear and organelle genomes has to be very precisely coordinated. The selection of experimental and review papers of this book covers a wide range of topics related to chloroplasts and plant mitochondria research, illustrating recent advances and diverse insights into the field of organelle genetics in plants. These works represent some of the latest research on the genetics, genomics, and biotechnology of plant mitochondria and chloroplasts, and they are of significant broad interest for the community of plant scientists, especially for those working in the subjects related to organelle genetics
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    Deep Learning in Medical Image Analysis (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036514697 , 9783036514703
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (458 p.)
    Abstract: The accelerating power of deep learning in diagnosing diseases will empower physicians and speed up decision making in clinical environments. Applications of modern medical instruments and digitalization of medical care have generated enormous amounts of medical images in recent years. In this big data arena, new deep learning methods and computational models for efficient data processing, analysis, and modeling of the generated data are crucially important for clinical applications and understanding the underlying biological process. This book presents and highlights novel algorithms, architectures, techniques, and applications of deep learning for medical image analysis
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    Processing and Characterization of Magnesium-Based Materials (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511023 , 9783036511030
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Due to their lightweight and high specific strength, Mg-based alloys are considered as substitutes to their heavier counterparts in applications in which corrosion is non-relevant and weight saving is of importance. Furthermore, due to the biocompatibility of Mg, some alloys with controlled corrosion rates are used as degradable implant materials in the medical sector. The typical processing route of Mg parts incorporates a casting step and, subsequently, a thermo–mechanical treatment. In order to achieve the desired macroscopic properties and thus fulfill the service requirements, thorough knowledge of the relationship between the microstructure, the processing steps, and the resulting property profile is necessary. This Special Issue covers in situ and ex situ experimental and computational investigations of the behavior under thermo–mechanical load of Mg-based alloys utilizing modern characterization and simulation techniques. The papers cover investigations on the effect of rare earth additions on the mechanical properties of different Mg alloys, including the effect of long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) structures, and the experimental and computational investigation of the effect of different processing routes
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    Membranes for Water and Wastewater Treatment (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036519890 , 9783036519883
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (376 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Water is a vital element for life and the environment. Water pollution has been documented as a contributor to a wide range of health problems. In recent years, the water quality levels have suffered great deterioration because of rapid social and economic development and because it is used to “dump” a wide range of pollutants.This book entitled “Membranes for Water and Wastewater Treatment” contains featured research papers dealing with recent developments and advances in all aspects related to membranes for water and wastewater treatment: membrane processes, combined processes (including one membrane step), modified membranes, new materials, and the possibility to reduce fouling and to improve the efficiency of enhanced processes. The papers compiled in this Special Issue can be read as a response to the current needs and challenges in membrane development for water and wastewater treatment.Half of the research articles correspond to concrete and practical applications of the use of membrane processes in different fields of the industry, with the aim of treating and conditioning water and wastewater. The studies reveal the treatment of industrial streams, mining, recycled paper industry, olive mill, urban wastewater, etc. Another important percentage of studies are related to membrane modification processes, with the aim of obtaining new materials with better performance in the separation processes, thus describing the use of membranes modified with chitosan, nanoparticles, and other organic compounds. This field also includes studies related to fouling and its modeling
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    Physical Vapor Deposited Biomedical Coatings (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524146 , 9783036524153
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The book outlines a series of developments made in the manufacturing of bio-functional layers via Physical Vapour-Deposited (PVD) technologies for application in various areas of healthcare. The scrutinized PVD methods include Radio-Frequency Magnetron Sputtering (RF-MS), Cathodic Arc Evaporation, Pulsed Electron Deposition and its variants, Pulsed Laser Deposition, and Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) due to their great promise, especially in dentistry and orthopaedics. These methods have yet to gain traction for industrialization and large-scale application in biomedicine. A new generation of implant coatings can be made available by the (1) incorporation of organic moieties (e.g., proteins, peptides, enzymes) into thin films using innovative methods such as combinatorial MAPLE, (2) direct coupling of therapeutic agents with bioactive glasses or ceramics within substituted or composite layers via RF-MS, or (3) innovation in high-energy deposition methods, such as arc evaporation or pulsed electron beam methods
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    The Role of Metal Ions in Biology, Biochemistry and Medicine (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036510545 , 9783036510552
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Metal ions are fundamental elements for the maintenance of the lifespan of plants, animals and humans. Their substantial role in biological systems was recognized a long time ago. They are essential for the maintenance of life and their absence can cause growth disorders, severe malfunction, carcinogenesis or death. They are protagonists as macro- or microelements in several structural and functional roles, participating in many bio-chemical reactions, and arise in several forms. They participate in intra- and intercellular communications, in maintaining electrical charges and osmotic pressure, in photosynthesis and electron transfer processes, in the maintenance of pairing, stacking and the stability of nucleotide bases and also in the regulation of DNA transcription. They contribute to the proper functioning of nerve cells, muscle cells, the brain and the heart, the transport of oxygen and to many other biological processes up to the point that we cannot even imagine a life without metals. In this book, the papers published in the Special Issue “The Role of Metal Ions in Biology, Biochemistry and Medicine” are summarized, providing a picture of metal ion uses in biology, biochemistry and medicine, but also pointing out the toxicity impacts on plants, animals, humans and the environment
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    Advances in Postharvest Process Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036523736 , 9783036523743
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (214 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Abstract: This Special Issue presents a range of recent technologies and innovations to help the agricultural and food industry to manage and minimize postharvest losses, enhance reliability and sustainability, and generate high-quality products that are both healthy and appealing to consumers. It focuses on three main topics of food storage and preservation technologies, food processing technologies, and the applications of advanced mathematical modelling and computer simulations. This presentation of the latest research and information is particularly useful for people who are working in or associated with the fields of agriculture, the agri-food chain and technology development and promotion
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    Mathematical Approaches to Modeling, Optimally Designing, and Controlling Electric Machine (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036526447 , 9783036526454
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (300 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Optimal performance of the electric machine/drive system is mandatory to improve the energy consumption and reliability. To achieve this goal, mathematical models of the electric machine/drive system are necessary. Hence, this motivated the editors to instigate the Special Issue “Mathematical Approaches to Modeling, Optimally Designing, and Controlling Electric Machine”, aiming to collect novel publications that push the state-of-the art towards optimal performance for the electric machine/drive system. Seventeen papers have been published in this Special Issue. The published papers focus on several aspects of the electric machine/drive system with respect to the mathematical modelling. Novel optimization methods, control approaches, and comparative analysis for electric drive system based on various electric machines were discussed in the published papers
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    Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) Coatings (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036505527 , 9783036505534
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (172 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), also known as micro-arc oxidation (MAO), functionalizes surfaces, improving the mechanical, thermal, and corrosion performance of metallic substrates, along with other tailored properties (e.g., biocompatibility, catalysis, antibacterial response, self-lubrication, etc.). The extensive field of applications of this technique ranges from structural components, in particular, in the transport sector, to more advanced fields, such as bioengineering. The present Special Issue covers the latest advances in PEO‐coated light alloys for structural (Al, Mg) and biomedical applications (Ti, Mg), with 10 research papers and 1 review from leading research groups around the world
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    Crystal Plasticity at Micro- and Nano-scale Dimensions (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036508740 , 9783036508757
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (322 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The present collection of articles focuses on the mechanical strength properties at micro- and nanoscale dimensions of body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic and hexagonal close-packed crystal structures. The advent of micro-pillar test specimens is shown to provide a new dimensional scale for the investigation of crystal deformation properties. The ultra-small dimensional scale at which these properties are measured is shown to approach the atomic-scale level at which model dislocation mechanics descriptions of crystal slip and deformation twinning behaviors are proposed to be operative, including the achievement of atomic force microscopic measurements of dislocation pile-up interactions with crystal grain boundaries or with hard surface coatings. A special advantage of engineering designs made at such small crystal and polycrystalline dimensions is the achievement of an approximate order-of-magnitude increase in mechanical strength levels. Reasonable extrapolation of macro-scale continuum mechanics descriptions of crystal strength properties at micro- to nano-indentation hardness measurements are demonstrated, in addition to reports on persistent slip band observations and fatigue cracking behaviors. High-entropy alloy, superalloy and energetic crystal properties are reported along with descriptions of deformation rate sensitivities, grain boundary structures, nano-cutting, void nucleation/growth micromechanics and micro-composite electrical properties
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    Machine Learning with Metaheuristic Algorithms for Sustainable Water Resources Management (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517209 , 9783036517193
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (238 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The main aim of this book is to present various implementations of ML methods and metaheuristic algorithms to improve modelling and prediction hydrological and water resources phenomena having vital importance in water resource management
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    Molecular Mechanisms of Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Development of Inner Ear Therapeutics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036515069 , 9783036515052
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (5793 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: The sense of hearing is vulnerable to environmental challenges, such as exposure to noise. More than 1.5 billion people experience some decline in hearing ability during their lifetime, of whom at least 430 million will be affected by disabling hearing loss. If not identified and addressed in a timely way, hearing loss can severely reduce the quality of life at various stages. Some causes of hearing loss can be prevented, for example from occupational or leisure noise. The World Health Organization estimates that more than 1 billion young people put themselves at risk of permanent hearing loss by listening to loud music over long periods of time. Mitigating such risks through public health action is essential to reduce the impact of hearing loss in the community. The etiology of sensorineural hearing loss is complex and multifactorial, arising from congenital and acquired causes. This book highlights the diverse range of approaches to sensorineural hearing loss, from designing new animal models of age-related hearing loss, to the use of microRNAs as biomarkers of cochlear injury and drug repurposing for the therapy of age-related and noise-induced hearing loss. Further investigation into the underlying molecular mechanisms of sensorineural hearing loss and the integration of the novel drug, cell, and gene therapy strategies into controlled clinical studies will permit significant advances in a field where there are currently many unmet needs
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    Microgrids : The Path to Sustainability (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036506623 , 9783036506630
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (280 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Microgrids are a growing segment of the energy industry, representing a paradigm shift from centralized structures toward more localized, autonomous, dynamic, and bi-directional energy networks, especially in cities and communities. The ability to isolate from the larger grid makes microgrids resilient, while their capability of forming scalable energy clusters permits the delivery of services that make the grid more sustainable and competitive. Through an optimal design and management process, microgrids could also provide efficient, low-cost, clean energy and help to improve the operation and stability of regional energy systems. This book covers these promising and dynamic areas of research and development and gathers contributions on different aspects of microgrids in an aim to impart higher degrees of sustainability and resilience to energy systems
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    Worker and Public Health and Safety : Current Views (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036500942 , 9783036500959
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (602 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction
    Abstract: This book on "Worker and Public Health and Safety: Current Views" brings together current scholarly work and opinions in the form of original papers and reviews related to this field of study. It provides important and recent scientific reading as well as topical medical and occupational information and research in areas of immediate relevance, such as chronic and occupational diseases, worker safety and performance, job strain, workload, injuries, accident and errors, risks and management, fitness, burnout, psychological and mental disorders including stress, therapy, job satisfaction, musculoskeletal symptoms and pain, socio-economic factors, dust pollution, pesticides, noise, pathogens, and related areas
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    The Legal, Administrative and Managing Framework for Spatial Policy, Planning and Land-Use. Interdependence, Barriers and Directions of Change (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036523651 , 9783036523668
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (288 p.)
    Keywords: Peace studies & conflict resolution
    Abstract: The book aims to explore the legal and administrative aspects of spatial governance and the challenges that their interaction entails. It does this through a number of chapters focusing on case studies located in different geographical areas of Europe and beyond. By doing this, the editors shed light on a set of challenges that emerge around the world at the intersection between the legal and administrative spheres during the governance and planning of territorial phenomena. The issues addressed in the various chapters highlight how spatial planning activities continue to face serious challenges that have not yet been satisfactorily addressed. In more detail, a correlation emerges between the legal regulations that allow and shape spatial-planning activities and the socio-economic and territorial challenges that those activities should tackle. This is often a consequence of the path-dependent influence of the traditional administrative and spatial planning configuration, which presents an inertial resistance to change that is hard to overcome. A similar situation arises concerning the mismatch between the boundaries of the existing administrative units and the extent of territorial phenomena, with a system of judicial–territorial administration that does not always coincide with the boundaries of the fundamental administrative division of a country, leading to an overall deterioration of the conditions in which all actors involved in spatial development operate
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    Recent Advances in Minimally Invasive Surgery (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036520995 , 9783036521008
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (414 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Minimally invasive surgery has become a common term in visceral as well as gynecologic surgery. It has almost evolved into its own surgical speciality over the past 20 years. Today, being firmly established in every subspeciality of visceral surgery, it is now no longer a distinct skillset, but a fixed part of the armamentarium of surgical options available. In every indication, the advantages of a minimally invasive approach include reduced intraoperative blood loss, less postoperative pain, and shorter rehabilitation times, as well as a marked reduction of overall and surgical postoperative morbidity. In the advent of modern oncologic treatment algorithms, these effects not only lower the immediate impact that an operation has on the patient, but also become important key steps in reducing the side-effects of surgery. Thus, they enable surgery to become a module in modern multi-disciplinary cancer treatment, which blends into multimodular treatment options at different times and prolongs and widens the possibilities available to cancer patients. In this quickly changing environment, the requirement to learn and refine not only open surgical but also different minimally invasive techniques on high levels deeply impact modern surgical training pathways. The use of modern elearning tools and new and praxis-based surgical training possibilities have been readily integrated into modern surgical education,which persists throughout the whole surgical career of modern gynecologic and visceral surgery specialists
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    Remote Sensing Applications in Coastal Environment (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036526133 , 9783036526126
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (282 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Coastal regions are susceptible to rapid changes, as they constitute the boundary between the land and the sea. The resilience of a particular segment of coast depends on many factors, including climate change, sea-level changes, natural and technological hazards, extraction of natural resources, population growth, and tourism. Recent research highlights the strong capabilities for remote sensing applications to monitor, inventory, and analyze the coastal environment. This book contains 12 high-quality and innovative scientific papers that explore, evaluate, and implement the use of remote sensing sensors within both natural and built coastal environments
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    The Science and Technology of 3D Printing (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036525853 , 9783036525846
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (206 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Three-dimensional printing, or additive manufacturing, is an emerging manufacturing process. Research and development are being performed worldwide to provide a better understanding of the science and technology of 3D printing to make high-quality parts in a cost-effective and time-efficient manner. This book includes contemporary, unique, and impactful research on 3D printing from leading organizations worldwide
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    Socio-Hydrology: The New Paradigm in Resilient Water Management (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036522036 , 9783036522043
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: During the third decade of the 21st century, human societies across the world are facing significant water-related problems, such as ecosystem degradation, groundwater depletion, natural and anthropogenic droughts and floods, water-borne health issues, and deforestation. These problems are exacerbated by climate change, a phenomenon that has been accelerated due to human intervention in natural systems since the industrial revolution. There is an urgent need to better understand the interaction of hydrological systems in terms of climate variability and the anthropogenic factors that contribute to the dynamics and resilience of coupled human–water systems and effective risk management in the area of water resource management. Socio-hydrology is an interdisciplinary field that integrates natural and social sciences and aims to study the long-term dynamics of bidirectional feedback in coupled human–water systems. This book on socio-hydrology aims to compile cross-disciplinary scientific endeavors and innovations in research on the development, education, and application of coupled human–water systems. The articles published in this book represent diverse and broad aspects of water management in the context of socio-hydrology systems around the globe. The articles and ideas presented in this book represent a significant source of references for interdisciplinary water science programs and provide an excellent guide for experts involved in the future planning and management of water resources. This book is dedicated to friends of the Green Water-Infrastructure Academy and those who pursue cross-disciplinary water research, education, and management
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    Integrated Water Resources Research : Advancements in Understanding to Improve Future Sustainability (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502281 , 9783036502298
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (364 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Anthropogenic and natural disturbances to freshwater quantity and quality are a greater issue for society than ever before. To successfully restore water resources requires understanding the interactions between hydrology, climate, land use, water quality, ecology, and social and economic pressures. This Special Issue of Water includes cutting edge research broadly addressing investigative areas related to experimental study designs and modeling, freshwater pollutants of concern, and human dimensions of water use and management. Results demonstrate the immense, globally transferable value of the experimental watershed approach, the relevance and critical importance of current integrated studies of pollutants of concern, and the imperative to include human sociological and economic processes in water resources investigations. In spite of the latest progress, as demonstrated in this Special Issue, managers remain insufficiently informed to make the best water resource decisions amidst combined influences of land use change, rapid ongoing human population growth, and changing environmental conditions. There is, thus, a persistent need for further advancements in integrated and interdisciplinary research to improve the scientific understanding, management, and future sustainability of water resources
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    Driving Sustainability through Engineering Management and Systems Engineering (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036515328 , 9783036515311
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Despite the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the challenge of realizing sustainability across the triple bottom line of social, environmental, and economic development remains an urgent priority. If anything, it is now imperative that we work towards achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, the global challenges are significant. Many of the societal challenges represent complex problems that require multifaceted solutions drawing on multidisciplinary approaches.Engineering management involves the management of people and projects related to technological or engineering systems—this includes project management, engineering economy and technology management, as well as the management and leadership of teams. Systems engineering involves the design, integration and management of complex systems over the full life cycle—this includes requirements capture and integrated system design, as well as modelling and simulation. In addition to the theoretical underpinnings of both disciplines, they also provide a range of tools and techniques that can be used to address technological and organisational complexity. The disciplines of engineering management and systems engineering are therefore ideally suited to help tackle both the challenges and the opportunities associated with realising a sustainable future for all.This book provides new insights on how engineering management and systems engineering can be utilised as part of the journey towards sustainability. The book includes a discussion of a broad range of different approaches to investigate sustainability through utilising quantitative, qualitative and conceptual methodologies. The book will be of interest to researchers and students focused on the field of sustainability as well as practitioners concerned with devising strategies for sustainable development
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    Fit-for-Purpose Land Administration- Providing Secure Land Rights at Scale. Volume 2: Country Implementation (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036520858 , 9783036520865
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (268 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This Special Issue provides an insight, collated from 26 articles, focusing on various aspects of the Fit-For-Purpose Land Administration (FFPLA) concept and its application. It presents some influential and innovative trends and recommendations for designing, implementing, maintaining and further developing Fit-For-Purpose solutions for providing secure land rights at scale. The first group of 14 articles is published in Volume One and discusses various conceptual innovations related to spatial, legal and institutional aspects and its wider applications within land use management. The second group of 12 articles is published in Volume Two and focuses on case studies from various countries throughout the world, providing evidence and lessons learned from the FFPLA implementation process
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    Polynomials: Special Polynomials and Number-Theoretical Applications (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036508184 , 9783036508191
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: Polynomials play a crucial role in many areas of mathematics including algebra, analysis, number theory, and probability theory. They also appear in physics, chemistry, and economics. Especially extensively studied are certain infinite families of polynomials. Here, we only mention some examples: Bernoulli, Euler, Gegenbauer, trigonometric, and orthogonal polynomials and their generalizations. There are several approaches to these classical mathematical objects. This Special Issue presents nine high quality research papers by leading researchers in this field. I hope the reading of this work will be useful for the new generation of mathematicians and for experienced researchers as well
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    Measuring and Evaluating the Effectiveness of Active Citizenship Education Programmes to Support Disadvantaged Youth (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036526355 , 9783036526348
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Education
    Abstract: This edited volume focuses on measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of diverse formal and informal educational programmes and activities across Europe. This publication contributes to the field by offering more empirical evidence as to the effective ways in which education can reduce social gaps in civic and political engagement. As editors, we prioritised the contributions of early-career researchers and those who have adopted fresh approaches and topics and highlighted helpful strategies to improve social equality and provide a more equitable distribution of learning resources among underprivileged groups. After two years’ close collaboration among academic editors, journal editors and authors, this Special Issue has finally been released in 2021 with eight papers. Inter alia, three papers focus on the school’s role in developing young people’s citizenship competences, such as knowledge, skills, interests and attitudes towards diversity. Two articles explore exclusion/minority groups cases, indicating valuable lessons for developing tailored educational materials and/or activities for hard-to-reach groups. As a unique contribution, two more papers emphasise experimental studies: the paper written by Steven Donbavand and Bryony Hoskins provides a comprehensive and systematic review of all the experimental designs on promoting political participation, whereas the submission written by Sven Ivens and Monika Oberle unpacks some details on how a digital intervention operates and improves to produce satisfying outcomes
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    Achieving the Circular Economy : Exploring the Role of Local Governments, Business and Civic Society in an Urban Context (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036501185 , 9783036501192
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Urbanisation and climate change are pushing cities to find novel pathways leading to a sustainable future. The urban context may be viewed as a new experimentation space to accelerate the transition to a circular economy. Urban symbiosis and the circular economy are emerging concepts attracting more and more attention within the urban context. Moreover, new business models are emerging around sharing and peer-to-peer practices, which are challenging existing roles of actors in society. These developments are having an important impact on the flows of resources and the use of the city infrastructure, and each research area has taken a different perspective in the analysis of such impacts. This Special Issue aims to explore what a “circular city” could constitute and how and why cities engage in circularity. This Special Issue includes seven high-quality papers on the theories and practices of circular cities. Actors, concepts, methods, tools, the barriers to and enablers of circular cities are discussed and a solid base and inspiration for the future development of circular cities are provided
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    Electric Systems for Transportation (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036504889 , 9783036504896
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (690 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Transportation systems play a major role in the reduction of energy consumptions and environmental impact all over the world. The significant amount of energy of transport systems forces the adoption of new solutions to ensure their performance with energy-saving and reduced environmental impact. In this context, technologies and materials, devices and systems, design methods, and management techniques, related to the electrical power systems for transportation are continuously improving thanks to research activities. The main common challenge in all the applications concerns the adoption of innovative solutions that can improve existing transportation systems in terms of efficiency and sustainability
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    Advances in Antimicrobial Coatings (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036510064 , 9783036510071
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book is motivated by our passion to compile recent research on antimicrobial surfaces. We aimed to assemble research papers on the preparation of new materials, antimicrobial testing using different pathogens (bacteria, fungi, and viruses), and the relationship between the coating nanostructure and its reactivity towards the studied pathogen(s). We believe that a good antimicrobial coating should by characterized by (i) a fast activity towards the pathogen, (ii) sustainable activity based on the stability of the coating, and (iii) the lowest possible toxicity for humans and reduced risks for the environment. Striking a compromise between these different challenges is difficult and requires more research
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    Plant Viruses: From Ecology to Control (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036520186 , 9783036523798
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (293 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Plant viruses cause many of the most important diseases threatening crops worldwide. Over the last quarter of a century, an increasing number of plant viruses have emerged in various parts of the world, especially in the tropics and subtropics. As is generally observed for plant viruses, most of the emerging viruses are transmitted horizontally by biological vectors, mainly insects. Reverse genetics using infectious clones—available for many plant viruses—has been used for identification of viral determinants involved in virus–host and virus–vector interactions. Although many studies have identified a number of factors involved in disease development and transmission, the precise mechanisms are unknown for most of the virus–plant–vector combinations. In most cases, the diverse outcomes resulting from virus–virus interactions are poorly understood. Although significant advances have been made towards understand the mechanisms involved in plant resistance to viruses, we are far from being able to apply this knowledge to protect cultivated plants from the all viral threats.The aim of this Special Issue was to provide a platform for researchers interested in plant virology to share their recent results. To achieve this, we invited the plant virology community to submit research articles, short communications and reviews related to the various aspects of plant virology: ecology, virus–plant host interactions, virus–vector interactions, virus–virus interactions, and control strategies. This issue contains some of the best current research in plant virology
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    Food Innovation as a Means of Developing Healthier and More Sustainable Foods (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036520896 , 9783036520902
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Keywords: Business strategy
    Abstract: The current demand for healthy and sustainable foods has encouraged the development of new alternatives, even in traditional products. Improved foods may be produced by reducing the amount of some ingredients, adding new ones, or replacing traditionally used ingredients for others. By reformulating their products, manufacturers can offer healthier choices for an ever-growing number of consumers interested in maintaining a balanced diet. In addition, market demand for more sustainable foods contributes to a lower environmental impact in their production. In this regard, current areas of interest include the production of foods using a lower amount of inputs, as well as the utilization of food by-products to improve the amount and quality of available foods. Another aspect to be considered is that not all consumers are willing to eat foods produced with new ingredients or novel technologies. Hence, the development of innovations in food products should take into account the influence of the so-called consumer food neophobia. For this reason, papers dealing with the consumer acceptance of these food innovations are also welcome. Thus, the aim of this Special Issue of Foods is to provide documents focused on the production of healthier and more sustainable foods by using novel ingredients, food by-products, or new production processes
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    Sustainable Integrated Clean Environment for Human & Nature (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036518824 , 9783036518817
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (358 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: In this book, the articles published in the special issue of the journal Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050), entitled “Sustainable Integrated Clean Environment for Human & Nature” are re-printed. The objective of this book is to answer the following questions regarding technical, economic, and social approaches:1. What is the current state of the environment? Is it clean?2. How can we make our environment clean and suitable for humans as well as nature?3. How can we keep our environment clean through sustainable practices? The re-printed research articles and review papers aim to cover the subjects mentioned below: 1. COVID-19 and the sustainability of a clean environment for humans and nature: visions, challenges, and solutions2. Clean technologies and nature-based approaches, including environmental remediation and resource circulation3. Global sanitation, hygiene, and public health issues4. Economic approaches, including the development of economic models, life cycle assessment, and the circular economy5. Social awareness and effective education on human rights for procuring clean air and water Through including the latest studies in the above-mentioned fields, this book addresses the technicians, economists, social activists, and decision-makers who are concerned about clean environment concepts for sustainable development of the current and next-generation through respectful interactions between humans and nature
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    Fungal Nanotechnology (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517445 , 9783036517438
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (364 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Fungal Nanotechnologies (FN) 1 and 2 provide updated and comprehensive information that deals with the green and sustainable production of metal- and organic-based nanostructures by various fungal species. Additionally, intracellular and extracellular mechanisms will be investigated, as well as fungal nanotechnology applications in the biomedical, environmental, and agri-food sectors. FN is still in its infant stage; therefore, many studies should be focused on this area. Plants, animal and humans will benefit greatly from this, and efficient and ecologically friendly approaches should be created
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    Green Technologies for Production Processes (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036518718 , 9783036518725
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (414 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book focuses on original research works about Green Technologies for Production Processes, including discrete production processes and process production processes, from various aspects that tackle product, process, and system issues in production. The aim is to report the state-of-the-art on relevant research topics and highlight the barriers, challenges, and opportunities we are facing. This book includes 22 research papers and involves energy-saving and waste reduction in production processes, design and manufacturing of green products, low carbon manufacturing and remanufacturing, management and policy for sustainable production, technologies of mitigating CO2 emissions, and other green technologies
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    Remote Sensing of Savannas and Woodlands (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036519579 , 9783036519562
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (286 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Savannas and woodlands are one of the most challenging targets for remote sensing. This book provides a current snapshot of the geographical focus and application of the latest sensors and sensor combinations in savannas and woodlands. It includes feature articles on terrestrial laser scanning and on the application of remote sensing to characterization of vegetation dynamics in the Mato Grosso, Cerrado and Caatinga of Brazil. It also contains studies focussed on savannas in Europe, North America, Africa and Australia. It should be important reading for environmental practitioners and scientists globally who are concerned with the sustainability of the global savanna and woodland biome
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    Using Remote Sensing Techniques to Improve Hydrological Predictions in a Rapidly Changing World (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036523316 , 9783036523323
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Remotely sensed geophysical datasets are being produced at increasingly fast rates to monitor various aspects of the Earth system in a rapidly changing world. The efficient and innovative use of these datasets to understand hydrological processes in various climatic and vegetation regimes under anthropogenic impacts has become an important challenge, but with a wide range of research opportunities. The ten contributions in this Special Issue have addressed the following four research topics: (1) Evapotranspiration estimation; (2) rainfall monitoring and prediction; (3) flood simulations and predictions; and (4) monitoring of ecohydrological processes using remote sensing techniques. Moreover, the authors have provided broader discussions on how to capitalize on state-of-the-art remote sensing techniques to improve hydrological model simulations and predictions, to enhance their skills in reproducing processes for the fast-changing world
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    Plasmas Processes Applied on Metals and Alloys (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036509167 , 9783036509174
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (126 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book focuses on recent advances in plasma technology and its application to metals, alloys, and related materials. Surface modifications, material syntheses, cutting and surface coatings are performed using low-pressure plasma or atmospheric-pressure plasma. The contributions of this book include the discussion of a wide scope of plasma technologies applied to materials. Plasma is a versatile tool that can be applied in many types of material processing. New material processing applications of plasmas and new plasma technologies are being developed rapidly. We hope that this book can contribute new knowledge to the plasma material research society
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    Sustainable Rural Development: Strategies, Good Practices and Opportunities (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036516424 , 9783036516417
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (346 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction ; Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography
    Abstract: In 2020, a Special Issue titled “Sustainable Rural Development: Strategies, Good Practices and Opportunities” was launched, in which 16 papers were published. The aim of this monograph was to study a problem that is occurring on a global scale and, above all, in the most developed countries, which is the population emigration from rural areas to urban areas due to the labour and service opportunities offered by the latter. This is causing a demographic deterioration of rural areas, and those that remain show high rates of ageing, masculinisation, or low demographic growth. In addition, and interrelated with this demographic deterioration, there is economic and environmental degradation. Rural areas are territories with increasingly lower purchasing power, job opportunities, and services for the population, which are classified as “spaces in crisis”. The papers in this Special Issue evidence the many public and private strategies that are being pursued to achieve sustainable rural development in declining areas. The diversity of approaches offer a vision of the practical application and the obstacles or difficulties that many of them are having to achieve their objectives. All of these strategies are intended to achieve economic dynamism that is respectful of the environment and from there to be able to reduce the regressive demographic processes in rural areas. These are different approaches that allow us to contribute, from scientific, holistic, and multidisciplinary knowledge, and they can help decision making in public policy and planning strategies
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    New Trends on the Combustion Processes in Spark Ignition Engines (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036514482 , 9783036514475
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (191 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Special Issue on "New Trends on the Combustion Processes in Spark Ignition Engines" contains nine papers on new developments on Internal Combustion (IC) engines aiming to enhance their efficiency, leading to the reduction of fossil CO2 and other gaseous pollutants. It is divided into two parts. In the initial part, the focus in on fuels, with four papers discussing the use of biofuels and other alternative fuels that can be used in different types of IC Engines. Additionally, conventional fuels are tested in order to evaluate their optimal use in new downsizing high-boost engines. A revision paper on alternative fuels is also included. The second part involves the study and improvement of engine combustion diagnostics as well as the presentation of an alternative type of propulsion system
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    Advanced Modeling and Research in Hybrid Microgrid Control and Optimization (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036518862 , 9783036518855
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; Energy industries & utilities
    Abstract: This book presents the latest solutions in fuel cell (FC) and renewable energy implementation in mobile and stationary applications. The implementation of advanced energy management and optimization strategies are detailed for fuel cell and renewable microgrids, and for the multi-FC stack architecture of FC/electric vehicles to enhance the reliability of these systems and to reduce the costs related to energy production and maintenance. Cyber-security methods based on blockchain technology to increase the resilience of FC renewable hybrid microgrids are also presented. Therefore, this book is for all readers interested in these challenging directions of research
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    Atmospheric Composition and Cloud Cover Observations (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036508245 , 9783036508252
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This is a Special Issue of Atmosphere presenting recent results of experimental and theoretical investigations of atmospheric compositions and clouds, largely based on remote sensing
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    Nondestructive Testing (NDT) (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036522920 , 9783036522913
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (266 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The aim of this book is to collect the newest contributions by eminent authors in the field of NDT-SHM, both at the material and structure scale. It therefore provides novel insight at experimental and numerical levels on the application of NDT to a wide variety of materials (concrete, steel, masonry, composites, etc.) in the field of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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    Marine Resources Application Potential for Biotechnological Purposes (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036517360 , 9783036517353
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (135 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Blue biotechnology plays a major role in converting marine biomass into societal value, being a key pillar for many marine economy developmental frameworks and sustainability strategies, such as the Blue Growth Strategy, diverse Sea Basin Strategies (e.g., Atlantic Action Plan Priority 1 and 2 and COM (2017) 183), the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, the Limassol Declaration, or even the UN Sustainable Development 2030 Agenda. However, despite the recognized biotechnological potential of marine biomass, the work is dispersed between multiple areas of applied biotechnology, resulting in few concrete examples of product development.This book highlight the vast potential that marine resources hold, from viruses to seaweeds, and a myriad of applications from antimicrobials and cosmetics to feed and food that contributes to a market-driven and industrially orientated research, which will increase the efficiency of the marine biodiscovery pipeline and ultimately deliver realistic and measurable benefits to society, which is paramount for sustained blue growth and a successful market penetration of targeted biomolecules or enriched extracts for new product development, which are cornerstone issues for the present and the future of a marine biobased economy
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    Ecosystem Services, Green Infrastructure and Spatial Planning (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036517162 , 9783036517155
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (345 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: National governments hardly identify their ecological networks or make an effort to integrate them into their spatial policies and plans. Under this perspective, an important scientific and technical issue is to focus on preserving corridors for enabling species mobility and on achieving connectivity between natural protected areas. This Special Issue takes a step forward insofar as it aims at proposing a theoretical and methodological discussion on the definition and implementation of ecological networks that provide a wide range of ecosystem services
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    Membrane Distillation Process (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036512112 , 9783036512105
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The book deals with the latest research on membrane distillation. New membrane and module designs, low-temperature applications, integration with other membrane units and pilot scale investigations are presented and discussed
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  • 73
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    Chemical, Mineralogical and Isotopic Studies of Diagenesis of Carbonate and Clastic Sediments (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036500782 , 9783036500799
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Diagenesis of carbonates and clastic sediments encompasses the biochemical, mechanical, and chemical changes that occur in sediments subsequent to deposition and prior to low-grade metamorphism. These parameters which, to a large extent, control diagenesis in carbonates and clastic sediments include primary composition of the sediments, depositional facies, pore water chemistry, burial–thermal and tectonic evolution of the basin, and paleo-climatic conditions. Diagenetic processes involve widespread chemical, mineralogical, and isotopic modifications affected by the original mineralogy of carbonate and clastic sediments. These diagenetic alterations will impose a major control on porosity and permeability and hence on hydrocarbon reservoirs, water aquifers, and the presence of other important economic minerals. In this Special Issue, we have submissions focusing on understanding the interplay between the mineralogical and chemical changes in carbonates and clastic sediments and the diagenetic processes, fluid flow, tectonics, and mineral reactions at variable scales and environments from a verity of sedimentary basins. Quantitative analyses of diagenetic reactions in these sediments using a variety of techniques are essential for understanding the pathways of these reactions in different diagenetic environments
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    Engineering Properties of Superconducting Materials (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036503721 , 9783036503738
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries
    Abstract: Plastic (and microplastic) pollution has been described as one of the greatest environmental challenges of our time, and a hallmark of the human-driven epoch known as the Anthropocene. It has gained the attention of the general public, governments, and environmental scientists worldwide. To date, the main focus has been on plastics in the marine environment, but interest in the presence and effects of plastics in freshwaters has increased in the recent years. The occurrence of plastics within inland lakes and rivers, as well as their biota, has been demonstrated. Experiments with freshwater organisms have started to explore the direct and indirect effects resulting from plastic exposure. There is a clear need for further research, and a dedicated space for its dissemination. This book is devoted to highlighting current research from around the world on the prevalence, fate, and effects of plastic in freshwater environments
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    Behavior of Shelter Animals (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036508726 , 9783036508733
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Animals & society
    Abstract: This book has resulted from collaborative interactions between academic institutions and animal shelters. It contains a collection of eleven papers (one review and ten research articles) on the behavior of dogs and cats in animal shelters, which can be very challenging environments. The papers focus on stress and behaviors associated with stress; the effectiveness of shelter enrichment programs in reducing stress; the usefulness of shelter behavioral evaluations in predicting behavior and assessing adoptability; and interactions between humans and companion animals. The aim of this book is to provide information that will inform shelter programs and policies, and thereby improve the welfare of shelter animals
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    Advances in Autism Research (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036502021 , 9783036502038
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (434 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Neurosciences
    Abstract: This book represents one of the most up-to-date collections of articles on clinical practice and research in the field of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The scholars who contributed to this book are experts in their field, carrying out cutting edge research in prestigious institutes worldwide (e.g., Harvard Medical School, University of California, MIND Institute, King’s College, Karolinska Institute, and many others). The book addressed many topics, including (1) The COVID-19 pandemic; (2) Epidemiology and prevalence; (3) Screening and early behavioral markers; (4) Diagnostic and phenotypic profile; (5) Treatment and intervention; (6) Etiopathogenesis (biomarkers, biology, and genetic, epigenetic, and risk factors); (7) Comorbidity; (8) Adulthood; and (9) Broader Autism Phenotype (BAP). This book testifies to the complexity of performing research in the field of ASD. The published contributions underline areas of progress and ongoing challenges in which more certain data is expected in the coming years. It would be desirable that experts, clinicians, researchers, and trainees could have the opportunity to read this updated text describing the challenging heterogeneity of Autism Spectrum Disorder
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    The Clinical Utility of Food Addiction and Eating Addiction (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036511085 , 9783036511092
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (246 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Surgery
    Abstract: This book is a collection of manuscripts on breast reconstruction, the topic of a Special Issue of Medicina Journal. The book begins with a review of the literature on the most recent reconstructive strategies using biological dermal matrices and moves toward the management of pain and infections. Some aspects of regenerative surgery are also clarified and an analysis focuses on social disparities in access to breast reconstruction. The final part of this book is dedicated to nipple–areola reconstruction, the last surgical step of breast reconstruction
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    Reinforced Polymer Composites (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036509686 , 9783036509693
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (358 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book, consisting of 21 articles, including three review papers, written by research groups of experts in the field, considers recent research on reinforced polymer composites. Most of them relate to the fiber-reinforced polymer composites, which are a real hot topic in the field. Depending on the reinforcing fiber nature, such composites are divided into synthetic and natural fiber-reinforced ones. Synthetic fibers, such as carbon, glass, or basalt, provide more stiffness, while natural fibers, such as jute, flax, bamboo, kenaf, and others, are inexpensive and biodegradable, making them environmentally friendly. To acquire the benefits of design flexibility and recycling possibilities, natural reinforcers can be hybridized with small amounts of synthetic fibers to make them more desirable for technical applications. Elaborated composites have great potential as structural materials in automotive, marine and aerospace application, as fire resistant concrete, in bridge systems, as mechanical gear pair, as biomedical materials for dentistry and orthopedic application and tissue engineering, as well as functional materials such as proton-exchange membranes, biodegradable superabsorbent resins and polymer electrolytes
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    Islamic and Muslim Studies in Australia (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036512235 , 9783036512228
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Keywords: Religion & beliefs ; Islam
    Abstract: The eight articles published in this Special Issue present original, empirical research, using various methods of data collection and analysis, in relation to topics that are pertinent to the study of Islam and Muslims in Australia. The contributors include long-serving scholars in the field, mid-career researchers, and early career researchers who represent many of Australia’s universities engaged in Islamic and Muslim studies, including the Australian National University, Charles Sturt University, Deakin University, Griffith University, and the University of Newcastle. The topics covered in this Special Issue include how Muslim Australians understand Islam (Rane et al. 2020); ethical and epistemological challenges facing Islamic and Muslim studies researchers (Mansouri 2020); Islamic studies in Australia’s university sector (Keskin and Ozalp 2021); Muslim women’s access to and participation in Australia’s mosques (Ghafournia 2020); religion, belonging and active citizenship among Muslim youth in Australia (Ozalp and Ćufurović), the responses of Muslim community organizations to Islamophobia (Cheikh Hussain 2020); Muslim ethical elites (Roose 2020); and the migration experiences of Hazara Afghans (Parkes 2020)
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    Veterinary Microbiology & Parasitology (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036515205 , 9783036515199
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (234 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Numerous pathogens affect animal health and wellbeing and production efficiency. These pathogens also have a considerable impact on social economics, food safety and security, and human health. Infectious diseases that originate from both domesticated animals and wildlife represent one of the greatest threats to human health. Recent studies show that domesticated species harbor approximately 84 times more zoonotic viruses than wild species. Eight of the top 10 mammalian species with the highest number of zoonotic viruses are domestic, such as pigs, cattle, and horses. Many animal parasites are also zoonotic, constituting an additional burden on human health. Furthermore, the rapid emergence and spread of drug-resistant pathogen strains pose new threats to animal and human health. Climate changes will undoubtedly alter the interactions between animals and between animals and humans, which will have a huge impact on the transmission rate of existing pathogens and the emergence of new pathogens or the reemergence of old pathogens. In this special collection, interactions of all major pathogen types, including viruses, bacteria, mites and flies, protozoans, and helminths, and their hosts, such as wild and companion animals and livestock species, are discussed. Further, anthelmintic activities of natural products are evaluated. The relevance and utility of cutting-edge tools, such as immunology, genomics and genetics, microbiome studies and metabolomics, and molecular epidemiology, in dissecting host-pathogen interactions are also discussed. This special collection provides a broad knowledge base that encourages dialogue across a wide distribution of the research community in veterinary microbiology and parasitology
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    Current Research in Thin Film Deposition : Applications, Theory, Processing, and Characterisation (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036505121 , 9783036505138
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Today, thin films are near-ubiquitous and are utilised in a very wide range of industrially and scientifically important areas. These include familiar everyday instances such as anti-reflective coatings on ophthalmic lenses, smartphone optics, photovoltaics, decorative, and tool coatings. A range of somewhat more exotic applications also exists, such as astronomical instrumentation (e.g., ultra-low loss dielectric mirrors and beam splitters in gravitational wave detectors, such as laser interferometer gravitational-wave observatory (LIGO)), gas sensing, medical devices and implants, and accelerator coatings (e.g., coatings for the large hadron collider (LHC), and compact linear collider (CLIC) experiments at European organization for nuclear research (CERN)). This Special Issue will provide a platform for researchers working in any area within this highly diverse field to share and exchange their latest research findings. The Special Issue contains novel studies encompassing material characterisation techniques, a range of thin-film coating deposition processes and applications of such technology
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    Advances in Sensors and Sensing for Technical Condition Assessment and NDT (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036526799 , 9783036526782
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The adequate assessment of key apparatus conditions is a hot topic in all branches of industry. Various online and offline diagnostic methods are widely applied to provide early detections of any abnormality in exploitation. Furthermore, different sensors may also be applied to capture selected physical quantities that may be used to indicate the type of potential fault. The essential steps of the signal analysis regarding the technical condition assessment process may be listed as: signal measurement (using relevant sensors), processing, modelling, and classification. In the Special Issue entitled “Advances in Sensors and Sensing for Technical Condition Assessment and NDT”, we present the latest research in various areas of technology
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    Genetic Diversity Assessment and Marker-Assisted Selection in Crops (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036508542 , 9783036508559
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The exploitation of biodiversity is essential to select resilient genotypes for sustainable cropping systems as one of the main challenges for plant breeding. Mapping traits of agronomic interest in specific genomic regions appears as another pivotal effort for the future development of novel cultivars. For this purpose, there is evidence that MAGIC and other exotic populations will play a major role in the coming years in allowing for impressive gains in plant breeding for developing new generations of improved cultivars. This Special Issue focused on the application of advanced technologies devoted to crop improvement and exploit the available biodiversity in crops. In detail, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies supported the development of high-density genotyping arrays for different plants included in this issue
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    Innovative Materials and Methods for the Removal of Pollutants from the Environment (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036516967 , 9783036516950
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (342 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Environmental economics ; Pollution control
    Abstract: The progress of society has led to an improvement of the quality of life of a significant number of people. On the other hand, anthropogenic pollution dramatically increased, with serious consequences for the environment and human health. Controlling and remedying environmental pollution is one of the main challenges of our century. Fundamental and applicative research are called to collaborate, involving scientists in the development of realistic and effective systems for the prevention and the removal of pollutants from the environment. Spreading knowledge is among the missions of researchers and this is the aim of this book, offering an updated view on innovative materials and methods for pollutant treatment. It is composed of 18 articles, among them 5 reviews and 13 original articles, dedicated to new adsorbent materials (inorganic, organic, and hybrid materials) for the capture of pollutant species and for their catalytic conversion into non-toxic substances, and to bioremediation approaches to treat contaminated media. Water, air, and soil pollution was investigated, both at the lab and large scale, with special relevance for wastewater treatments for the removal of heavy metals and organic pollutants. We are grateful to “Molecules” for the opportunity to edit the Special Issue on “Innovative Materials and Methods for the Removal of Pollutants from the Environment”. We created, for this book, an original cover image, dedicated to the efforts of chemistry to defend the beauty of environment, represented by flowers, against every prejudice that considers chemistry an enemy of life
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    Early Child Development: From Measurement to Optimal Functioning and Evidence-based Policy (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036516011 , 9783036516028
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (254 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction
    Abstract: In the early years of life, the environments that interact with a child—including families, schools, and communities—play a key role in the child’s brain development. Early child development and overall children’s developmental trajectories have long-term implications for health, happiness, and earning potential as these children become adults. Importantly, failing to reach developmental potential contributes to global cycles of poverty, inequality, and social exclusion. There is little public understanding of the importance of a child’s first years and the critical developmental opportunity to reach optimal functioning. As such, global data on early child developments are crucial to inform the public and demand evidence-based policies and high-quality programs for children around the world. This book includes initiatives assessing the impact of programs and interventions related to children’s health, education, and participation that inform evidence-based policies worldwide. Importantly, this book raises global awareness of the importance of children’s first years of life and the crucial role of child–environment interactions where the child lives, plays, and grows. The culturally diverse content comprises international representation of studies and classifications tools. International experts contributed high-quality reviews that collate valuable information and guide the adoption of a rights-based approach in early child development globally
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    Nanotechnology for Environmental and Biomedical Research (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036507187 , 9783036507194
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (340 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Do you care about your environment and your health? Contamination by hazardous substances in environmental matrices, including landfills, oil fields, and manufacturing and industrial sites, represents a global concern and needs to be remediated since it poses a serious risk to the environment and human health. Particular attention should also be paid to the use of medical devices and recent developments in the use of nanoparticles expressed as drug delivery systems designed to treat a wide variety of diseases. This Special Issue collects a compilation of articles that strongly demonstrate the continuous efforts made in developing advanced and safe nanomaterial-based technologies for nano-remediation and for drug delivery and other biomedical applications. It covers the most recent advances in the safe nanomaterials synthesis field as well as in environmental applications, in the use of restorative materials, drug delivery and other clinical applications, in order to lay the foundations for a cleaner and healthier future
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    Biodiversity of Marine Microbes (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036510521 , 9783036510538
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Keywords: Environmental science, engineering & technology
    Abstract: The book entitled “Biodiversity of Marine Microbes” aims at highlighting the significance of marine microbes as primary producers, their contribution in complex ecological processes and their roles in biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functioning. The book includes five research papers covering the diversity and composition of marine microbial communities representing all three domains of life in various marine environments, including coastal eutrophic areas, ice waters, and lagoons. One paper examines the diversity and succession of bacterial and archaeal communities from coastal waters in mesocosm experiments. The combination of classical tools with novel technological advances implemented in the methods of the papers offered an opportunity to answer fundamental questions and shed light on the complex and diverse life of marine microbes
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    Graphene-Polymer Composites II (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036516783 , 9783036516776
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (115 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Graphene-polymer nanocomposites continue to gain interest in diverse scientific and technological fields. Graphene-based nanomaterials present the advantages of other carbon nanofillers, like electrical and thermal conductivity, while having significantly lower production costs when compared to materials such as carbon nanotubes, for instance. In addition, in the oxidized forms of graphene, the large specific area combined with a large quantity of functionalizable chemical groups available for physical or chemical interaction with polymers, allow for good dispersion and tunable binding with the surrounding matrix. Other features are noteworthy in graphene-based nanomaterials, like their generally good biocompatibility and the ability to absorb near-infrared radiation, allowing for the use in biomedical applications, such as drug delivery and photothermal therapy.This Special Issue provides an encompassing view on the state of the art of graphene-polymer composites, showing how current research is dealing with new and exciting challenges. The published papers cover topics ranging from novel production methods and insights on mechanisms of mechanical reinforcement of composites, to applications as diverse as automotive and aeronautics, cancer treatment, anticorrosive coatings, thermally conductive fabrics and foams, and oil-adsorbent aerogels
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    Wastewater Based Microbial Biorefinery for Bioenergy Production (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036519500 , 9783036519517
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Keywords: Environmental science, engineering & technology
    Abstract: A rapid growth in various industries and domestic activities is resulting in a huge amount of wastewater. Various types of wastewaters, such as textile, municipal, dairy, pharmaceutical, swine, and aquaculture, etc., are produced regularly by respective industries. These wastewaters are rich in nutrient content and promote eutrophication in the ecosystem and pose a threat to flora and fauna. According to an estimate, eutrophication causes losses of almost 2 billion US dollars annually, affecting real estate and fishing activities. Treatment of wastewater is a costly process and recently wastewater treatment with simultaneous energy production has received more attention. Microorganisms can be used to recover nutrients from wastewater and produce bioenergy (biodiesel, biohydrogen, bioelectricity, methane, etc.). A better understanding of the composition of various types of wastewaters and the development of technologies like anaerobic digestion (AD), microbial fuel cell (MFC), and microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) can help to make wastewater-based biorefinery a reality. To provide an overall overview to students, teachers, and researchers on wastewater to bioenergy technology ten chapters are included in this book
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    Drug Metabolism/Transport and Pharmacokinetics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524597 , 9783036524580
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (232 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Pharmaceutical industries
    Abstract: This book serves to highlight the pharmacokinetics/drug–drug interactions and mechanistic understanding in relation to the drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters.This book presents a series of drug metabolism and transport mechanisms that govern the pharmacokinetic features of therapeutic drugs as well as natural herbal medicines. It also covers the pharmacokinetic interactions caused by inhibiting or inducing the metabolic or transport activities under disease states or the coadministration of potential inhibitors. It also deals with microenvironmental pharmacokinetic profiles as well as population pharmacokinetics, which gives new insights regarding the pharmacokinetic features with regard to drug metabolism and transporters
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    Biometric Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036511283 , 9783036511290
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (352 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Because of the accelerating progress in biometrics research and the latest nation-state threats to security, this book's publication is not only timely but also much needed. This volume contains seventeen peer-reviewed chapters reporting the state of the art in biometrics research: security issues, signature verification, fingerprint identification, wrist vascular biometrics, ear detection, face detection and identification (including a new survey of face recognition), person re-identification, electrocardiogram (ECT) recognition, and several multi-modal systems. This book will be a valuable resource for graduate students, engineers, and researchers interested in understanding and investigating this important field of study
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    Plasma: From Materials to Emerging Technologies (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036521251 , 9783036521268
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Interest in plasma as a tool in various technological processes has been growing for several decades. This is because of the special advantage of plasma, which is the immediate generation of chemically active radicals. There are also other advantages of plasma, which depend on its source, e.g., low or high temperature (dielectric barrier discharge vs. plasmatrons), large or small volume (electron beam chambers vs. microplasma), high or low homogeneity (low pressure RF plasma vs. corona discharge), etc. It is no wonder that plasma is used in so many areas, starting with the synthesis of ozone initiated by Werner von Siemens in 1857, through the activation of material surfaces and flow control by actuators and electrohydrodynamic pumps, to the latest applications related to medicine, environmental protection, and efforts to stop climate change. The objective of this book is to collect reports on the design and characterization of plasma methods which are or can be used in various types of technologies, especially those that solve contemporary problems regarding materials, energy, and the environment
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    Technologies of Coatings and Surface Hardening for Tool Industry (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524528 , 9783036524535
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (250 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The innovative coating and surface hardening technologies developed in recent years allow us to obtain practically any physical–mechanical or crystal–chemical complex properties of the metalworking tool surface layer. Today, the scientific approach to improving the operational characteristics of the tool surface layers produced from traditional tools industrial materials is a highly costly and long-lasting process. Different technological techniques, such as coatings (physical and chemical methods), surface hardening and alloying (chemical-thermal treatment, implantation), a combination of the listed methods, and other solutions are used for this. This edition aims to provide a review of the current state of the research and developments in the field of coatings and surface hardening technologies for cutting and die tools that can ensure a substantial increase of the work resource and reliability of the tool, an increase in productivity of machining, accuracy, and quality of the machined products, reduction in the material capacity of the production, and other important manufacturing factors. In doing so, the main emphasis should be on the results of the engineering works that have had a prosperous approbation in a laboratory or real manufacturing conditions
    Note: English
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  • 94
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    CFD Based Researches and Applications for Fluid Machinery and Fluid Device (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036518169 , 9783036518152
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (539 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The demand for computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based numerical techniques is increasing rapidly with the development of the computing power system. These advanced CFD techniques are applicable to various issues in the industrial engineering fields and especially contribute to the design of fluid machinery and fluid devices, which have very complicated unsteady flow phenomena and physics. In other words, to aid the rapid development of CFD techniques, the performances of fluid machinery and fluid devices with complicated unsteady flows have been enhanced significantly. In addition, many persistently troublesome problems of fluid machinery and fluid devices such as flow instability, rotor–stator interaction, surging, cavitation, vibration, and noise are solved clearly using advanced CFD techniques.This Special Issue on “CFD-Based Research and Applications for Fluid Machinery and Fluid Devices” aims to present recent novel research trends based on advanced CFD techniques for fluid machinery and fluid devices. The following topics, among others, are included in this issue:- CFD techniques and applications in fluid machinery and fluid devices;- Unsteady and transient phenomena in fluid machinery and fluid devices;- Pumps, fans, compressors, hydraulic turbines, pump turbines, valves, etc
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  • 95
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    Asymmetry in Biological Homochirality (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036504421
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (102 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Chirality, or handedness, is a fundamental physical characteristic, which spans the length scales ranging from elementary particles to the chiral asymmetry of spiral galaxies. The way in which chirality in chemistry, or molecular handedness, may have emerged in a primitive terrestrial environment, and how it can be triggered, amplified, and transferred, are deeply challenging problems rooted in both fundamental scientific interests and the technological potentials for science and society. Chirality constitutes a unifying feature of the living world and is a prime driving force for molecular selection and genetic evolution in biology. In this book, we offer a selection of five distinct approaches to this problem by leading experts in the field. The selected topics range from protein chirality and its relevance to protein ageing, protein aggregation and neurodegeneration, entropy production associated with chiral symmetry breaking in closed systems, chiral oscillations in polymerization models involving higher-order oligomers, the mirror symmetry breaking in liquids and its implications for the development of homochirality in abiogenesis, the role of chirality in the chemical sciences, and some philosophical implications of chirality
    Note: English
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  • 96
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    Environmental Hydraulics Research (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036508085 , 9783036508092
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (268 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book aims to provide research and engineering applications related to water and hydraulic problems. It is comprised of scientific papers in all topics of hydraulics, in particular, on sustainable water management, environmental hydraulics, ecohydraulics, water–energy nexus, and systems protection and efficiency. Safety and innovation issues, interdisciplinary problems, and linkage of theory to experimental and field applications can also be found within. Solutions of water problems in the form of prediction models, flow simulations, engineering systems, monitoring, management strategies covering scientific investigations and/or experimental or field studies of flow behaviour, hydrodynamics, and climate changes effects and adaptation, new design solutions, innovative approaches in the field of environment, hydraulics, techniques, methods, and analyses to address the new challenges in environmental hydraulics are alo presented and explored. This topic is studied both from a technical and environmental point of view, with the objective of protecting and enhancing the quality of the environment. In a cross-disciplinary field of study, this book comprises open channel/river flows and pressurised systems, combining, among others, new technological, social, and environmental hydraulic challenges, working in water-related fields with available information, new concepts and tools, new design solutions, eco-friendly technologies, and the advanced materials necessary to address the increasing challenges of ensuring a sustainable water environment by promoting the adaptation, flexibility, integration, and sustainability of recognised environmental solutions
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  • 97
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    Latest Hydroforming Technology of Metallic Tubes and Sheets (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036523545 , 9783036523538
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (274 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This Special Issue and Book, ‘Latest Hydroforming Technology of Metallic Tubes and Sheets’, includes 16 papers, which cover the state of the art of forming technologies in the relevant topics in the field. The technologies and methodologies presented in these papers will be very helpful for scientists, engineers, and technicians in product development or forming technology innovation related to tube hydroforming processes
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  • 98
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    Control and Automation (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036524467 , 9783036524474
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Control and automation systems are at the heart of our every day lives. This book is a collection of novel ideas and findings in these fields, published as part of the Special Issue on Control and Automation. The core focus of this issue was original ideas and potential contributions for both theory and practice. It received a total number of 21 submissions, out of which 7 were accepted. These published manuscripts tackle some novel approaches in control, including fractional order control systems, with applications in robotics, biomedical engineering, electrical engineering, vibratory systems, and wastewater treatment plants. This Special Issue has gathered a selection of novel research results regarding control systems in several distinct research areas. We hope that these papers will evoke new ideas, concepts, and further developments in the field
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  • 99
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    Historical and Current Diversity Patterns of Mediterranean Marine Species (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036512051 , 9783036512044
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (106 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Environmental economics
    Abstract: The Mediterranean Sea is a semi-enclosed basin which experienced different natural and anthropogenic phenomena causes of community or intra-species changes over time. The Mediterranean Sea went through dramatic changes in its biota through the last 6 million years and more quickly in the recent century. All the events left a footprint on the gene pool of marine species, on their morpho-anatomical features, and on the loss or expansion of the geographical range extent. Nowadays the Mediterranean basin is changing its physical and ecological characteristics. The changes in its environmental conditions are followed by changes in its species composition and have been recorded in historical museum collections. In this book, the biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea is described at a synchronic or diachronic level, highlighting the past two centuries for which museum collections can provide overlooked information
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  • 100
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    Toxicology and Biocompatibility of Nanomaterials (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036527390 , 9783036527383
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This book entitled “Toxicology and Biocompatibility of Nanomaterials” covers some recent insights into adverse but beneficial effects of nanomaterials on human health and the environment. Renowned experts in the field contributed to this Special Issue to make this an interesting read for both scholars and students
    Note: English
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