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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (4)
  • MEK Berlin
  • Online Resource  (4)
  • 1950-1954  (4)
  • Political science.  (4)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401037037
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 351 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; History ; Political science.
    Abstract: The Surrender -- The American Character of the Occupation -- The Work of the Occupation Begins -- From Reformation to Reconstruction -- The Occupation in Danger -- America’s Peace Plan Backfires -- Dilemma of the Separate Peace -- Dulles Builds Peace -- The San Francisco Conference -- Japan Awaits Peace -- Where will Japan Go?.
    Abstract: The six years between the surrender of Japan on September 2, 1945, and the signing of a Treaty of Peace in San Francisco on September 8, 1951 between Japan and forty-eight of the nations with which she was at war, was a period unique in the history of international affairs. Throughout those six years Japan was occupied by the Allied Powers. Because of what was accomplished during that occupation under the wise leadership of General Douglas MacArthur, it was possible to conclude a peace which showed no trace of angry passion; a peace of reconciliation, not of vengeance. From its inception the Occupation of Japan was inspired by high moral principles, was governed by the magnanimity that comes from true strength and was carried out in a calm and purposeful manner. Japan's war-making power was destroyed and the influence of those who committed her to armed con­ quest eliminated. Oppressive laws and restrictive practices were removed and guaranties established for freedom of speech, religion and thought and respect for fundamental human rights.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401188210
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (382p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Political science. ; International law. ; History.
    Abstract: I. War -- 1. Introductory -- 2. Relativity of the State of war -- 3. ‘Constructive’ State of war -- 4. ‘War’ in Nuremberg and Tokyo -- 5. Disappearance of the Concept of war -- II. War of Aggression -- 1. War as a Status and war of Aggression -- 2. Aggressive war and Aggression -- 3. Aggression and Defence -- 4. The Function of a Definition of Aggression -- 5. The Determination of the Aggressor -- 6. Definition of Aggression -- III. Evolution Towards Nuremberg -- 1. Introductory -- 2. Antiquity and the Orient -- 3. Bellum Justum in Western Christianity -- 4. The Period of Indifference -- 5. The Period of Discrimination -- 6. The Doctrine of International Penal law -- IV. The Punishment for Aggressive war -- 1. The Second World war -- 2. The Charter of London -- 3. The Judgments -- 4. The Doctrine on Nuremberg -- 5. Consequences of Nuremberg -- V. Implementation of the ‘Nuremberg Principles’ -- 1. The Affirmation of the ‘Nuremberg Principles’ -- 2. The Formulation of the ‘Nuremberg Principles’ -- 3. The Draft Code of Offences Against the Peace and Security of Mankind -- 4. Jurisdiction over Offences Against the Peace and Security of Mankind -- Postscript.
    Abstract: Six years after the rendering of the Nuremberg Judgment world conditions are not such as to encourage a study on what constituted its principal innovation in the legal field: the punishment of the authors of aggressive war. The war alliance against the Axis Powers which was the political basis of the Nuremberg Trial and of the United Nation~ Organisation has broken up. Mutual fear, threats and accusations and a gigantic armament race are the dominating factors in international life during the cold war period, and the minds of statesmen, military men and lawyers alike are more preoccupied with the problem of how to win a possible third world war than with that of preventing its occurrence and avoiding responsibility for its outbreak. While the survival of their freedom and civilization is at stake, the nations seem more intent on preparing for what is vaguely and equivocally called 'self-defence' than on accepting and assuring the reign of law. The strain of the protracted struggle in Korea, moreover, seems to turn the first experiment with military sanctions against an aggressor into a classic game of power politics. It is not surprising that in such circumstances little energy is displayed in efforts to implement the principles to which the United Nations pledged themselves in Nuremberg, and that many statesmen and lawyers seem prepared to abandon, at least for the near future, the precedent of the time of alliance, expression of confidence in the victory of law over force.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. War1. Introductory -- 2. Relativity of the State of war -- 3. ‘Constructive’ State of war -- 4. ‘War’ in Nuremberg and Tokyo -- 5. Disappearance of the Concept of war -- II. War of Aggression -- 1. War as a Status and war of Aggression -- 2. Aggressive war and Aggression -- 3. Aggression and Defence -- 4. The Function of a Definition of Aggression -- 5. The Determination of the Aggressor -- 6. Definition of Aggression -- III. Evolution Towards Nuremberg -- 1. Introductory -- 2. Antiquity and the Orient -- 3. Bellum Justum in Western Christianity -- 4. The Period of Indifference -- 5. The Period of Discrimination -- 6. The Doctrine of International Penal law -- IV. The Punishment for Aggressive war -- 1. The Second World war -- 2. The Charter of London -- 3. The Judgments -- 4. The Doctrine on Nuremberg -- 5. Consequences of Nuremberg -- V. Implementation of the ‘Nuremberg Principles’ -- 1. The Affirmation of the ‘Nuremberg Principles’ -- 2. The Formulation of the ‘Nuremberg Principles’ -- 3. The Draft Code of Offences Against the Peace and Security of Mankind -- 4. Jurisdiction over Offences Against the Peace and Security of Mankind -- Postscript.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401746816
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 113 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Political science.
    Abstract: The author is fully aware of the difficulties connected with an adequate treatment of this subject, in view of the general back­ ground of that fascinating age - the seventeenth century. The present work is simply a modest attempt to draw attention to some in many cases forgotten or disregarded Utopian writings and to show the long line of thought behind many concepts which, to the modern reader, may seem obvious truths. He is very much indebted to Professor H. W. Lambers of Rotterdam for his constant encouragement, help and criticism and also for his willingness to forget for a moment his many other duties and to pass much of his valuable time in the critical study of the seventeenth century papers and publications. The author is very thankful to his mother, his relations and friends both in Holland and in Poland for all they have done for hirn, and he would especially mention Miss Mary Barber for her great help in correcting the English text. He also owes very much to his wife for her patience, coöper­ ation and help in typing the manuscripts. Acknowledgment is made to the Library of the Netherlands School of Economics at Rotterdam, to the Royal Library at The Hague and to the Librarian of the London School of Economics and Political Science for their willing help. J. K. F. CONTENTS v Preface. . .
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789401510233
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Neill, Thomas P. [Rezension von: Graham, Robert A., The Rise of the Double Diplomatic Corps in Rome] 1952
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; History. ; Political science.
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- II. The Diplomatic Corps and the Crisis of September -- III. Italy’s Assurances to the Governments -- IV. The Policy of France -- V. Bismarck and the Holy See -- VI. The Policies of the Other States -- VII. The Transfer of the Italian Capital to Rome -- VIII. The Law of Guarantees and its Contribution to Diplomatic Practice -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: So many books, monographs and articles have been written around the "Roman Question" that a word of explanation or even of apology for the present study may be called for. Before as well as after 1929, the year in which the Lateran Treaty declared resolved the conflict which had divided Italy and the Papacy for nearly sixty years, professors and their students in a dozen lands have one after the other committed to the learned world their particular analysis of the international position of the Papacy. The variety of opinions which can be found in these studies is itself a remarkable testimony to the unique cha­ racter of the Holy See in the modern organization of international society. Even today, more than two decades after the dispute between the Quirinal and the Vatican had been finally resolved, it cannot be said that perfect uniformity of views yet prevails among writers in international law. Even today, when partisan passions have had time to cool and to leave the court clear for objective studies, there are many questions that cannot be adequately explained by any of the conventional criteria. Perhaps, indeed, the reason for the apparent futility of many of these writings has been the belief that the Papacy could really be forced into everyone of the categories developed by modern international law.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. IntroductionII. The Diplomatic Corps and the Crisis of September -- III. Italy’s Assurances to the Governments -- IV. The Policy of France -- V. Bismarck and the Holy See -- VI. The Policies of the Other States -- VII. The Transfer of the Italian Capital to Rome -- VIII. The Law of Guarantees and its Contribution to Diplomatic Practice -- Conclusion.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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