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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (212)
  • IWF
  • 1970-1974  (212)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (212)
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Year
Author, Corporation
Publisher
Keywords
Subjects(RVK)
  • 101
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    Cluster analysis : Survey and evaluation of techniques (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401167826
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Tilburg Studies on Sociology 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Anthropology
    Abstract: 1. Coefficients for Dehning The Degree of Similarity Between Objects -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. The slope method of Du Mas -- 1.3. Cattell’s rc coefficient of pattern similarity -- 1.4. The D-coefficient -- 1.5. Cohen’s rc coefficient -- 1.6. Zubin’s index and its variants -- 1.7. Hyvarinen’s coefficient -- 1.8. Smirnov’s coefficient -- 1.9. Goodall’s probabilistic similarity index -- 1.10. The distance measure of Williams, a.o. -- 1.11. Conclusion -- 2. Methods Developed for Forming Clusters of Variables or Objects -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. The matrix diagonal method -- 2.3. Methods for re-ordering a socio-matrix -- 2.4. Ramifying linkage analysis -- 2.5. The Gengerelli method -- 2.6. The approximate delimitation method -- 2.7. The B-coefficient of Holzinger and Harman -- 2.8. Iterative factor analysis -- 2.8.1. Wherry and Gaylord -- 2.9. Sneath’s single linkage method -- 2.10. Serensen’s complete linkage method -- 2.11. Wishart’s method -- 2.12. The method of Michener and Sokal -- 2.13. Bridges’ method -- 2.14. The King method -- 2.15. Tryon’s cluster analysis -- 2.16. Conclusion -- Methods of Forming Clusters for Objects -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Thomdike’s method -- 3.3. The method of Sawrey, Keller and Conger -- 3.4. Ward’s method -- 3.5. Johnson’s hierarchical clustering scheme -- 3.6. Hierarchical representation of similarity matrices by trees -- 3.7. Cluster analysis according to Constantinescu -- 3.8. The method of Rogers and Tanimoto -- 3.9. Hyvarinen’s method -- 3.10. Bonner’s methods -- 3.11. Boolean cluster search method -- 3.12. Gengerelli’s method -- 3.13. Mattson and Dammann’s method -- 3.14. The methods of Edwards, a.o. -- 3.15. Conclusion -- 4. Methods for The Construction of Types Following Mcquitty -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Agreement analysis -- 4.3. Elementary linkage analysis -- 4.4. Elementary factor analysis -- 4.5. Hierarchical linkage analysis -- 4.6. Hierarchical syndrome analysis -- 4.7. Multiple rank order typal analysis -- 4.8. Classification by reciprocal pairs -- 4.9. Intercolumnar correlational analysis -- 4.10. Nominee-selectee analysis -- 4.11. Multiple agreement analysis -- 4.12. Criticism -- 5. Some Applications -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Thorndike’s method -- 5.3. The method of Sawrey, Keller and Conger -- 5.4. Ward’s method -- 5.5. McQuitty’s syndrome analysis -- 5.6. Factor analysis -- 5.7. Comparison of the applications -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: During the last years the number of applications of cluster analysis in the social sciences has increased very rapidly. One of the reasons for this is the growing awareness that the assumption of homogeneity implicit in the application of such techniques as factor analysis and scaling is often violated by social science data; another is the increased interest in typolo­ gies and the construction of types. Dr. Bijnen has done an extremely useful job by putting together and evaluating attempts to arrive at better and more elegant techniques of cluster analysis from such diverse fields as the social sciences, biology and medicine. His presentation is very clear and concise, reflecting his intention not to write a 'cookery-book' but a text for scholars who need a reliable guide to pilot them through an extensive and widely scattered literature. Ph. C. Stouthard v Preface This book contains a survey of a number of techniques of clustering analysis. The merits and demerits of the procedures described are also discussed so that the research worker can make an informed choice be­ tween them. These techniques have been published in a very great number of journals which are not all easily accessible to the sociologist. This difficulty is com­ pounded because developments in the different disciplines have occurred almost entirely independently from each other; reference is made only sporadically in a piece of literature to the literature of other disciplines.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6782-6
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  • 102
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    Empiricism and Sociology (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401025256
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (500p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Collection 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Sociology. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: 1. Memories of Otto Neurath -- 1. Otto Neurath’s Parents; the Father’s autobiographical sketch -- 2. Otto Neurath’s Childhood, from autobiographical notes -- 3. University Days, contributed by Marie Neurath -- 4. Military Life, contributed by G. Neumann -- 5. A Teacher of Political Economy, from N. Y. Ben-Gavriel -- 6. Excerpts from Ernst Lakenbacher -- 7. From Wolfgang Schumann -- 8. Autobiographical Excerpts from Otto Neurath -- 9. Munich 1919 and Later, from Ernst Niekisch -- 10. From Otto Neurath’s Son, the Sociologist Paul Neurath -- 11. Heinz Umrath -- 12. From Rudolf Carnap’s Intellectual Autobiography -- 13. Heinrich Neider -- 14. Viktor Kraft -- 15. Karl R. Popper -- 16. 26 September 1924 and After, from Marie Neurath -- 17. Charles Morris -- 18. Marie Neurath: 1940-1945 -- 19. Bilston and A. V. Williams -- 20. Marie Neurath: Otto’s Last Day, 22nd December 1945 -- References -- 2. Six Lessons -- 1. The Little Discourse on the Sanctity of Vocation (by La-Se-Fe) -- 2. The Strange (by La-Se-Fe) -- 3. The Little Discourse on the Virtues (by La-Se-Fe) -- 4. On Delay -- 5. Measure and Number -- 6. Of Masters and Servants -- References -- 3. On the Foundations of the History of Optics -- Reference -- 4. The Problem of the Pleasure Maximum -- References -- 5. Through War Economy to Economy in Kind -- List of Contents -- Preface (April 1919) -- The Theory of War Economy as a Separate Discipline (1913) -- The Converse Taylor System (1917) -- Character and Course of Socialization (1919) -- Utopia as a Social Engineer’s Construction (1919) -- Total Socialization -- References -- 6. Anti-Spengler -- 1. Rejection of Spengler -- 2. Phases of Culture -- 3. The Character of Culture -- 4. Spengler’s Description of the World -- References -- 7. From Vienna Method to Isotype -- 1. The Social and Economic Museum in Vienna (1925) -- 2. Visual Education and the Social and Economic Museum in Vienna (1931) -- 3. Museums of the Future (1933) -- 4. A New Language (1937) -- 5. Visual Education: Humanisation versus Popularisation -- Reference -- 8. Personal Life and Class Struggle -- Introduction: New Principles for Living -- 1. The Coming Man in the Present -- 2. Community Life and Economic Plan -- 3. Eternal Peace -- 4. Youth Associations, School, Vocational Guidance -- 5. Marx and Epicurus -- 6. Turning Away from Metaphysics -- References -- 9. Wissenschaftliche Weltauffassung: Der Wiener Kreis [The Scientific Conception of the World: The Vienna Circle] -- Preface -- 1. The Vienna Circle of the Scientific Conception of the World -- 2. The Scientific World Conception -- 3. Fields of Problems -- 4. Retrospect and Prospect -- References -- 10. Empirical Sociology. The Scientific Content of History and Political Economy -- 1. From Magic to Unified Science -- 2. History -- 3. Political Economy -- 4. Uniting History with Political Economy -- 5. Metaphysical Countercurrents -- 6. Sociology on a Materialist Foundation -- 7. Extrapolation -- 8. Coherence -- 9. Structure of Society -- 10. Sociological Prognosis -- References -- 11. International Planning for Freedom -- 1. Pursuit of Happiness -- 2. Production of Freedom -- 3. International Planning in the Making -- References -- 12. List of Works by Otto Neurath -- Notes: Names and Explanations -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: On the last day of his life, Otto Neurath had given help to a Chinese philosopher who was writing about Schlick. Only an hour before his death he said to me: "Nobody will do such a thing for me." My answer then was: "Never mind, you have Bilston, isn't that better?" There were con­ sultations in new housing schemes, an exhibition, and hopes for a fruitful relationship of longer duration. I did not dream at that time that I would one day work on a book like this. The idea came from Horace M. Kallen, of the New School for Social Research, New York, years later; to encourage me he sent me his selection from William James' writings. Later I met Robert S. Cohen. Carnap had sent him to me with the message: "If you want to find out what my political views were in the twenties and thirties, read Otto Neurath's books and articles of that time; his views were also mine." In this way Robert Cohen became ac­ quainted with Otto Neurath. Even more: he became interested; and when I asked him, would he help me as an editor of an Otto N eurath volume, he agreed at once. In previous years I had already asked a number of Otto Neurath's friends to write down for me what they especially remembered about him.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2525-6
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  • 103
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    Generative Grammar in Europe (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401025034
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (704p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Foundations of Language, Supplementary Series 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics
    Abstract: The Ethic Dative in German -- Maximi Planudis in Memoriam -- Sets of Implications as the Interpretative Component of a Grammar -- Generative Grammar and European Linguistics -- Über den Begriff und die Begründung einer allgemeinen Sprachlehre. Einige Bemerkungen zum III. Abschnitt von J. S. Vaters Versuch einer allgemeinen Sprachlehre (1801) -- Some Underlying Structures in Swahili -- Two Cases of Exceptional Rule Ordering -- ‘Noch’ and ‘Schon’ and their Presuppositions -- French peu and un peu. A Semantic Study -- On Grammatical Reference -- On Presuppositions -- Reduction in Dutch Measure Phrase Sentences -- Über einige Schwierigkeiten beim postulieren einer ‘Textgrammatik’ -- On the Possessive Forms of the Hungarian Noun -- A Generative Account of the ‘Category of State’ in Russian -- On the Semantic Treatment of Predicative Expressions -- Government Structure Types of the Verbs of Saying and Action Situations -- Some Problems Connected with the Translation of Relative Clauses into Predicate Calculus -- How to Deal with Syntactic Irregularities: Conditions on Transformations or Perceptual Strategies? -- Reflexive versus Nonreflexive Pronominalization in Modern Russian and other Slavic Languages. A Conflict Between Domains of Rule Application -- Zum Problem der grammatisch relevanten Identität -- The Comparative -- Some Semantic Ambiguities Related to ‘Tense Category’ -- Temporal Prepositions as Quantifiers -- In Search of a Semantic Model of Time and Space -- Vergleichssätze -- Die Flexion der Verben und das Ablautsystem.
    Abstract: The present volume is intended to give an overall picture of research in pro­ gress in the field of generative grammar in various parts of Europe. The term 'generative grammar' must, however, be understood here rather broadly. What seemed to be an easily definable technical term several years ago is becoming more and more vague and imprecise. Research in generative gram­ mar is carried on according to rather diversified methodological principles and being a generative grammarian is often more a matter of confession than any adherence to the common line of methodology which can be traced back to the conception of grammatical description initiated by Noam Chomsky. The direct or indirect influence of this conception is, however, clearly recog­ nizable in most of the papers of this volume. The most difficult thing was, naturally enough, to select appropriate papers in the realm of semantics. Apart from the special trend in generative grammar referred to as 'generative semantics' (though here, too, we might ponder on what 'generative' really means) the term 'generative' is hardly employed in semantics. The search for semantic primes, the application of the methods of mathematical logic, the inquiry into the intricate relationships between syntax and semantics and the utilization of syntactic information in semantics are perhaps the most charac­ teristic traits of contemporary semantics. All of this, of course, is at no variance with the principles of generative grammar, on the contrary, most of it has been made possible through the achievements of generative grammar.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2503-4
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  • 104
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    Access to Education : New Possibilities (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401024266
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Plan Europe 2000 Project 1 Educating Man for the 21st Century 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Education and state. ; Demography. ; Population.
    Abstract: I Introduction -- II Educational Ideas in the Past -- III The Socialist Countries (1945–1970) -- VI Western Europe from 1945 to 1970 -- A. The Growth of School and University Populations -- B. Conscqucnccs of Expansion -- C. Continuing Social Inequality -- D. Educational Reforms and Suggested Reforms -- V Basic Data Concerning the Year 2000 -- VI Prospects for the Socialist Countries up to the Year 2000 -- VII Prospects for Western Europe up to 2000 -- VIII Natural Inequality of Children at Birth -- IX Conclusion -- Biographical Notes.
    Abstract: It is difficult for us today to imagine that equal educational opportunity, with which we are so deeply preoccupied, was at one time considered to be if not an evil at least a futile objective, and that those who held such an opinion were completely insincere and even disinterested. For a vertically stratified society equality of education had to be opposed be­ cause it would disturb an equilibrium as vital as that of a building. In the Middle Ages only the Church was able to look for new members at the bottom of the social ladder, since ecclesiastical office was not inherited by birth. But efforts in this direction were necessarily very limited, even if only because of the material obstacles to such an aim. Equality of education, as well as any other type of equality could not even be imagined by the aristocracy whose very existence would have been threatened. Its initial indifference was followed by active opposition. When it became possible to formulate the question of the diffusion of education, in the 17th and 18th centuries, the principle itself met with a fundamental objection. The ruling class, idle by its very nature, feared that the workers and especially those on the land would abandon their productive labours, now felt to be degrading, and swell the ranks of the parasites in the cities.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2426-6
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  • 105
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    Education in the Industrialised Countries (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401575928
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 324 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Plan Europe 2000, Project 1: Educating Man for the 21st Century 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Education Philosophy ; Education, Higher ; Education and state. ; Education—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I The Organisation and State of Development of General Primary and Secondary Education -- II The Organisation and State of Development of Secondary Vocational and Technical Education and Higher Education -- III The Final Resources Allocated to Education -- General Conclusion -- Tables.
    Abstract: In 1965 Mr. Raymond Poignant published a comparative study, entitled "Education in the Common Market Countries", of the organi­ sation and state of development of education in the six countries of the Community and in three industrialised countries: the United States, the United Kingdom and the USSR. Mr. Poignant, at present Director of the International Institute for Educational Planning (UNESCO), compiled the material for this study when he was Chairman of a committee set up by the EEC Institute for University Studies. Since then it has become a reference work for all those who wish to under­ stand the similarities and the diversity of our educational systems; it has been translated into German and English. In the preface to the first edition we expressed the wish that this work of comparative analysis should be pursued and kept up-to-date. This wish is fulfilled in the work we are now introducing, and which was undertaken by Mr. Poignant pursuant to an agreement between the European Cultural Foundation and the International Institute for Educational Planning. It should be emphasised that this is not simply a revised edition of the previous work. The scope of the book has been enlarged, and Japan and Sweden are now included in the list of countries examined; more­ over the perspective is different.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-7592-8
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  • 106
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    Foundations of the Logical Theory of Scientific Knowledge (Complex Logic) (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401025010
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (323p) , digital
    Edition: Revised and Enlarged English Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 9
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: One/the Logical Theory of Scientific Knowledge -- Two/Signs -- Three/Terms -- Four/Sentences -- Five/Sentential Logic -- Six/the General Theory of Logical Entailment -- Seven/Formalization of the General Theory of Logical Entailment -- Eight/Subject-Predicate Structures -- Nine/Empirical And Abstract Objects -- Ten/Sentences with Quantifiers -- Eleven/Theory of Quantifiers -- Twelve/Conditional Sentences -- Thirteen/Theory of Terms -- Fourteen/Classes -- Fifteen/ Existential Logic -- Sixteen/ Modal Sentences -- Seventeen/ Relations -- Eighteen/ Physical Entailment -- Nineteen/ Theories -- Twenty/ Logic and Ontology -- Twenty-One/ the Universality of Logic -- Conclusion -- Append -- Proof of the Basic Theorems of the Theory of Logical -- Entailment -- G. A. Smirno -- Independence in the Systems of Logical Entailment -- E. A. Sidorenko -- Some Variants of the Systems of Logical Entailment -- E. A. Sidorenko -- Completeness of the Systems of Logical Entailment -- A. M. Fedina -- Completeness of Systems of Degenerate Entailment and Quasi-Entailment -- L. A. Bobrova -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science are devoted to symposia, con­ gresses, colloquia, monographs and collected papers on the philosophical foundations of the sciences. It is now our pleasure to include A. A. Zi­ nov'ev's treatise on complex logic among these volumes. Zinov'ev is one of the most creative of modern Soviet logicians, and at the same time an innovative worker on the methodological foundations of science. More­ over, Zinov'ev, although still a developing scholar, has exerted a sub­ stantial and stimulating influence upon his colleagues and students in Moscow and within other philosophical and logical circles of the Soviet Union. Hence it may be helpful, in bringing this present work to an English-reading audience, to review briefly some contemporary Soviet investigations into scientific methodology. During the 1950's, a vigorous new research program in logic was under­ taken, and the initial published work -characteristic of most Soviet pub­ lications in the logic and methodology of the sciences - was a collection of essays, Logical Investigations (Moscow, 1959). Among the authors, in addition to Zinov'ev himself, were the philosophers A. Kol'man and P. V. Tavanec, and the mathematicians and linguists, S. A. Janovskaja, A. S. Esenin-Vol'pin, S. K. Saumjan, G. N. Povarov.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2501-0
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  • 107
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    Contemporary Research in the Foundations and Philosophy of Quantum Theory : Proceedings of a Conference Held at the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401025348
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (405p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books on Philosophy of Science, Methodology, and Epistemology Published in Connection With the University of Western Ontario Philosophy of Science Programme 2
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: On the Completeness of Quantum Mechanics -- Joint Probability Distributions in Quantum Mechanics -- Semantic Analysis of Quantum Logic -- Is The Principle of Superposition Really Necessary? -- Quantum Logics -- Metaphysics and Modern Physics: A Prolegomenon to the Understanding of Quantum Theory -- The General Relativistic Quantization Program -- Quantum Physics and General Relativity; the Search for a Deeper Theory -- On the Nature of Light and the Problem of Matter -- Epistemological Perspective on Quantum Theory.
    Abstract: To mathematicians, mathematics is a happy game, to scientists a mere tool and to philosophers a Platonic mystery - or so the caricature runs. The caricature reflects the alleged 'cultural gap' between the disciplines­ a gap for which there too often has been, sadly, sound historical evidence. In many minds the lack of communication between philosophy and the exact disciplines is especially prominent. Yet in the past there was no separation - exact knowledge, covering both scientists and mathemati­ cians, was known as natural philosophy and the business of providing a critical view of the nature of reality and an accurate mathematical de­ scription of it constituted a single task from the glorious tradition begun by the early Greek philosophers even up until Newton's day (but I am thinking of Descartes and Leibniz I). The lack of communication between these professional groups has been particularly unfortunate, for the past half century has seen the most ex­ citing developments in mathematical physics since Newton. These devel­ opments hinged on the introduction of vast new reaches of mathematics into physics (non-Euclidean geometries, covariant formulations, non­ commutative algebras, functional analysis and so on) and conversely have challenged mathematicians to develop the appropriate mathematical fields. Equally, these developments have posed profound philosophical problems to do with the rejection of traditional conceptions concerning the nature of physical reality and physical theorising.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2534-8
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  • 108
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    Conceptual Change (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401025485
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (294p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowlegde, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 52
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 52
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Linguistic Relativity -- Something About Conceptual Schemes -- Prima Facie Generalizations -- Change of Belief or Change of Meaning? -- Conceptual Change -- Evidence, Meaning and Conceptual Change: A Subjective Approach -- Logic and Conceptual Change -- Some Comments on Professor Körner’s Paper -- Conceptual Structures -- Theory Change in Science -- Explanation and Reference -- Referential Indeterminacy: A Response to Professor Putnam -- On Semantically Relevant Whatsits: A Semantics for Philosophy of Science -- General Bibliography.
    Abstract: During Hallowe'en of 1970, the Department of Philosophy of the Univer­ sity of Western Ontario held its annual fall colloquium at London, On­ tario. The general topic of the sessions that year was conceptual change. The thirteen papers composing this volume stem more or less directly from those meetings; six of them are printed here virtually as delivered, while the remaining seven were subsequently written by invitation. The programme of the colloquium was to have consisted of major papers delivered by Professors Wilfrid Sellars, Stephan Korner, Paul Ziff and Hilary Putnam, with shorter commentary thereupon by Professors Robert Binkley, Joseph Ullian, Jerry Fodor and Robert Barrett, respec­ tively. And that is the way it happened, with one important exception: at the eleventh hour, Sellars and Binkley exchanged roles. This gave Binkley the rather unusual and challenging task of providing a suitable Sellarsian answer to a question not of his own asking - for Binkley's paper was written under Sellars' original title. Sellars' own contribution to the vo­ lume is perhaps more nearly what he would have presented as main speaker than a direct response to Binkley. However, it has seemed best, on balance, to attempt no further stylistic accommodation of the one paper to the other; their mutual philosophical relevance will be evident in any case. The editors would here like to extend special thanks to both Sellars and Binkley for their extraordinary efforts under the circumstances.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2548-5
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  • 109
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    Space, Time and Geometry (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401026505
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (444p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Monographs of Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 56
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 56
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I / Causality and Time -- Causal Models and Space-Time Geometries -- Temporally Symmetric Causal Relations in Minkowski Space-Time -- Notes on the Causal Theory of Time -- Earman on the Causal Theory of Time -- Kant’s Formulation of the Laws of Motion -- On Travelling Backward in Time -- The Flow of Time -- II / Geometry of Space and Time -- Poincaré’s Philosophy of Space -- On the Structure of Space-Time -- Topology, Cosmology and Convention -- Grünbaum on the Conventionality of Geometry -- Reflections on a Relational Theory of Space -- The Ontology of the Curvature of Empty Space in the Geometrodynamics of Clifford and Wheeler -- Relativity Principles, Absolute Objects and Symmetry Groups -- Nondirected Light Signals and the Structure of Time -- Coordinate-Free Relativity -- Some Open Problems in the Philosophy of Space and Time -- The Naive Conception of the Topology of the Surface of a Body.
    Abstract: The articles in this volume have been stimulated in two different ways. More than two years ago the editor of Synthese, laakko Hintikka, an­ nounced a special issue devoted to space and time, and articles were solicited. Part of the reason for that announcement was also the second source of papers. Several years ago I gave a seminar on special relativity at Stanford, and the papers by Domotor, Harrison, Hudgin, Latzer and myself partially arose out of discussion in that seminar. All of the papers except those of Griinbaum, Fine, the second paper of Friedman, and the paper of Adams appeared in a special double issue of Synthese (24 (1972), Nos. 1-2). I am pleased to have been able to add the four additional papers mentioned in making the special issue a volume in the Synthese Library. Of these four additional articles, only the one by Fine has pre­ viously appeared in print (Synthese 22 (1971),448--481); its relevance to the present volume is apparent. In preparing the papers for publication and in carrying out the various editorIal chores of such a task, I am very much indebted to Mrs. Lillian O'Toole for her extensive assistance. INTRODUCTION The philosophy of space and time has been of permanent importance in philosophy, and most of the major historical figures in philosophy, such as Aristotle, Descartes and Kant, have had a good deal to say about the nature of space and time.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2650-5
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  • 110
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    The Social Philosophy of Adam Smith (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401024402
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 8
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D'Histoire Des Idées Minor 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Philosophy, Modern. ; History. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: I. Inquiry -- II. Moral Judgment -- III. Psychology -- IV. Government -- V. Commerce -- VI. Commercial Policy -- VII. Religion -- Works Cited.
    Abstract: Adam Smith was one of the most important seminal social philosophers of modern times. Although his great masterpiece - the Wealth at Nations - is most frequently associated with the field of economics, it has exer­ cised a profound and abiding influence not only in that but in all areas of social theory and practice as well. In view of this it is not a little puzzling that after nearly two centuries there does not exist a single reliable account of the full range of his social philosophy. The "circumstances which have contributed to this void in the literature are easily identified. All who are at all familiar with Smith's life and writings recognize that he was a philosopher by profession and that all his writings were conceived and executed as works of philosophy. During his lifetime his work was viewed iIi that perspective. At about the time of his death in 1790, however, Smith's work was eclipsed in the field of philosophy by Hume and Reid in Great Britain and Kant on the conti­ nent. Thereafter the interpretation of his writings was taken up by those who were profoundly interested in only one aspect of his work, viz. , his political economy. In the process of explicating that feature of his thought the social philosophy upon which his political economy was based and of which it was but one application was at first ignored and then represented as rather simplistic.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2440-2
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  • 111
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    Cell Differentiation (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400957138
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Outline Studies In Biology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction -- 2 Strategy and tactics -- 3 Model systems, the reductionist approach -- 3.1 Bacteriophage -- 3.2 Enzyme induction in bacteria -- 3.3 Spore formation in bacteria -- 3.4 Are prokaryotes good models for eukaryotes? -- 3.5 The cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum -- 3.6 Tissue culture cells -- 3.7 Metamorphosis -- References -- 4 Special systems, the classical approach -- 4.1 Chromosome structure and function -- 4.2 RNA synthesis -- 4.3 Protein synthesis -- 4.4 Protein degradation -- 4.5 Protein modification -- 4.6 Metabolism -- Summary -- References -- Suggestions for further reading.
    Abstract: The development of an embryo is one of the which prevents entry of other sperm, fusion of most awe inspiring biological phenomena and the two haploid nuclei occurs and within about the study of cell differentiation can be traced 30 minutes the pigmented cortex rotates with respect to the underlying cytoplasm and in so back in antiquity to Aristotle and beyond However, there are few modern sciences which doing it reveals a grey, crescent shaped area on pay more than a cursory obeisance to their the side of the egg opposite to the point of founders and few students seem very interested entry of the sperm. This is another example of in the theories of their dead predecessors. polarity developing. Soon after fertilization the Embryology, though, is that rare exception - a zygote enters a period of rapid nuclear and cell division. The result of this cleavage process is science where the problems, theories and often that the egg cytoplasm is partitioned between techniques that excite our interest today, are essentially the same as those which excited our numerous cells whose ratio of nuclear volume to cytoplasmic volume is more like that found colleagues of fifty or even a hundred years ago. in an 'average' somatic cell.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5713-8
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  • 112
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    Guide for Translating Husserl (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401023986
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Publiée sous le Patronage des Centres D’archives-Husserl 55
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 55
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z.
    Abstract: This multilingual glossary is a guide for translating writings by Edmund RusserI into English. It has been compiled and improved in the course of about thirty years for my own guidance. Its initial pur­ pose and the tests it has undergone in use have determined its contents. The translations I have made are far from being limited to those I have published or intend to publish. As I read and translate more, occasions will doubtless arise to include more expressions in the glossary and to improve the lists of English renderings I shall thenceforth use. The glossary is given the present title and submitted now for publication because numerous experts have said it would be useful not only to other translators of HusserI but also to his readers generally. For a translation of such writings as RusserI's the guidance offered by ordinary bilingual dictionaries is inadequate in opposite respects. On the one hand, there are easily translatable expressions for which numerous such dictionaries offer too many equivalent renderings. On the other hand, there are difficultly translatable expressions that any such dictionary either fails to translate at all or else translates by expressions none of which fit the sense. In following such dictionaries a translator must therefore practise consistency on the one hand and ingenuity on the other. Hence the need for a written glossary such as this one.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2398-6
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  • 113
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    Studies in Formal Historical Linguistics (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401025317
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Formal Linguistics Series 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Historical linguistics.
    Abstract: I / On the Notion of an Intermediate Stage in Traditional Historical Linguistics -- II / The Three-Witness Problem -- III / Notes on Glottochronological Trees -- Notes to Chapters I–III -- Index of Terms and Symbols.
    Abstract: These separate but related essays owe their existence to a combined concern for the workings of text criticism and historical linguistics and for the history of scholarship in these fields. On earlier occasions I have suggested certain views on the development of the so-called comparative method. Few things are more rewarding than to bring implicit preconceptions of the past and present out into the open, as I aimed to do then and as I aim to do now. This time existing tradition is treated as a body - without, I hope, being seriously distorting - and one small portion of its working assumptions is examined. My thanks go to the colleagues and students with whom I have had fruitful discussion, but especially to Zellig S. Harris, and to Henry Hiz who expended much more than just his excellent editorial care on these efforts. I only hope that I have learned as much from him as he has patiently tried to teach me. Lloyd W. Daly has kindly read parts of an earlier version and has contri­ buted valuable suggestions.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2531-7
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  • 114
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    Studies in Text Grammar (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401026369
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 349 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Foundations of Language, Supplementary Series 19
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Computational linguistics
    Abstract: Overview -- Text Grammar and Text Logic -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Hypothetic Form of Text Grammar -- 3. Formal Logic and Natural Logic -- 4. Text Logic -- 5. Summary -- On Various Solutions of the Problem of Presuppositions -- Pragmatic Implication -- 1. Elements of a Pragmatic Language -- 2. Truth Conditions for Formulas with Series of Epistemic Operators with Alternating Subscripts -- 3. Pragmatic Implication -- 4. Other Types of Pragmatic Implications -- 5. Summary -- Time and Text: Towards an Adequate Heuristics -- 1. Preliminaries -- 2. Note on the ‘Meta-Theoretical Paradigm’ -- 3. Brief Sketch of a Model of Language Functioning -- 4. Time and Text -- 5. Concluding Remarks -- Towards an Empirically Motivated Grammatical Theory of Verbal Texts -- I. Sentence Grammars and Text Grammars -- II. A ‘Not Fixed Linearity Text Grammar’. The Present Stage of its Development -- Sentence Grammar, Text Grammar, and the Evaluation Problem. Some Remarks Concerning the Theoretical Foundation and the Possible Application of Text Grammars -- 1. Some Remarks on the Meta-Theoretical Postulates and Conventions to Be Used -- 2. Some Informal Remarks on the Structure of $${G_{{d_i}}}$$, i.e. the Phrase Structure Grammar (PSG) to Be Used -- 3. Specification of the Categories Used -- 4. A Sentence Grammar$${G_{{d_i}}}$$Generating a Set of Sentences (a Language Ldoof which the Sentence SAT[IMP](1)11 is an element -- 5. Some Arguments for the Delimitation of a Sub-Grammarj$${G_{{d_i}}}$$Based on Syntax and Semantics, i.e. a Grammar Enumerating only Sentences (Norms, Directives) Belonging to the German Language of Jurisdiction -- 6. On the Derivation of Synonymous and Hyperonymous Sentences by Grammars of the Typej$${G_{{d_i}}}$$ -- 7. Some Remarks on the Evaluation ofj$${G_{{d_i}}}$$ -- On the Validation of Text-Grammars in the ‘Study of Literature’ -- Abstract -- 0. Preface -- 1. The Validation of Text-Grammars in the Study of Literature -- 2. The Empirical Content of the Study of Literature -- 3. Reconstruction of the Text Concept.
    Abstract: If we consider how theoretical operations belonging to the methodological inventory of linguistics are carried out (i. e. the way linguistic theories are set up), three main criteria suggest themselves for classifying them: (1) Both, nature and type of the aims of the scientific knowledge applied which allow to specify the epistemological interests as well as the theoretical impact constituting the purpose of linguistic operations; (2) the nature of the intellectual procedures in connection with which a set of intersubjectively acceptable operations should guarantee that current postulates of the theory of science be maintained; (3) the set of data serving as an empirical basis for the theories to be estab­ lished on the one hand and as a correlate for the further development, the testing and the evaluation of theories on the other hand. It is to be considered a basic concept (as well as a motive) of current text­ linguistic research that due to the linguistic analysis of discourses a further development of linguistics has set in or is still to be achieved as regards the three criteria mentioned above. Therefore, if we want to estimate text-linguistic approaches (or concepts), works (methods), or knowledge (results) we should take the view allowing for the general valuation of the linguistic discipline or one of its sub-disciplines. This should be done with respect to the contributions gathered in this volume as well.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2636-9
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  • 115
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    Education and Division of Labour : Middle- and Long-Term Prospectives in European Technical and Vocational Education (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401024860
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (189p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Educating Man for the 21st Century 4
    Series Statement: Plan Europe 2000, Project 1: Educating Man for the 21st Century 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Education and state.
    Abstract: Preface -- 1. Introduction: Scope and limits of the prospective inquiry -- 2. Historical background: Questions of terminology, socio-economic factors and ideological issues -- 3. The present situation and current changes -- 4. Medium- and long-term trends -- 5. Guidance and career choice -- 6. Polyvalency and permanent education -- 7. Technical and vocational training for women -- 8. University, post-secondary education and recurrent education -- 9. Division of labour: old and new models -- 10. Conclusions -- Appendix A: Tables and comments on replies to questionnaire -- Appendix B: Gino Martinoli: Thoughts on the training of tomorrow’s manpower -- Appendix C: Questionnaire -- Biographical notes.
    Abstract: The Steering Committee for the Plan Europe 2000, Project 1: Education, invited the working group to analyse the problems of technical and vocational education projected over the next 30 years, both at se­ condary school and at university level. This report summarises the findings of approximately two years' research and discussion by the group, coordinated by the undersigned. It is in fact a combined report, although one chapter - the eighth­ is devoted specifically to university problems. This we consider to be amply justified by the nature of the subjects discussed: it is difficult to make a clear-cut distinction between solutions on the secondary level and solutions on the post-secondary level, especially when they are projected into the future. The group organised its work as follows: it consulted the literature to the extent possible and sought replies to a comprehensive analytical questionnaire from a wide sample of experts in different countries (the composition of the sample is described in the opening section of Appendix A); it arranged many meetings with qualified persons for discussions, as well as visits by individuals or small groups to training institutions in several European countries to meet experts in this field and it took part in national and international congresses and conferen­ ces on technical and/or vocational training and associated problems.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2486-0
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  • 116
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    Francis Hutcheson: An Inquiry Concerning Beauty, Order, Harmony, Design (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401024549
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 123 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 9
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D'Histoire Des Idées Minor 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics.
    Abstract: Note on the Text -- Editor’s Introduction -- Preface to the Two Inquiries -- Inquiry Concerning Beauty, Order, Harmony, Design -- Appendix: Hutcheson on Laughter -- Editor’s Introduction.
    Abstract: THE SENSE OF BEAUTY: A FIRST APPROXIMATION It is generally acknowledged that during the first half of the eighteenth century a profound change was wrought in the theory of art and natural beauty. To this period we owe the establishment of the modem system of the arts. 1 In England, the notion of a separate and autonomous disci­ pline devoted solely to art and to beauty came into being through the concept of "aesthetic disinterestedness. " 2 In addition, emphasis in the theory of art shifted from object to subject - from the work of art to the perceiver and critic. Focal point for this change was the sense of beauty which, in concert with the moral sense of the British school, represented a dominant force in Enlightenment value theory. It is Francis Hutcheson who, more than anyone else, can be thought of as the founder and principal spokesman of this philosophical coterie. If the aesthetic sense was instrumental in the transfer of interest, in the philosophy of art, from object to perceiver, the aesthetic and moral senses together were no less important in a parallel transference of value judgment from the rational to the sensate.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2454-9
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  • 117
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    Diderot’s Politics : A Study of the Evolution of Diderot’s Political Thought After the Encyclopédie (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401024471
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 62
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 62
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History ; Political science.
    Abstract: One Philosophical and Moral Foundations -- I: Materialism and the Morale Universelle -- II: Society and the Individual -- III: From Individual to Citizen -- Two The Evolution of Diderot’s Political Thought -- I: A Coherent Absolutism -- II: First Doubts -- III: Fading Hopes -- IV: The End of an Illusion -- V: Towards Revolution -- Conclusion.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2447-1
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  • 118
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    Theory of Science (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401025133
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (424p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Text and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 5
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Editor’s Introduction -- I. Logic as a Theory of Science -- II. Propositions and Sentences -- III. Ideas in Themselves -- IV. The Reduction of Sentences -- V. Judgment and Knowledge -- VI. Intuition and Concept -- VII. The Notion of Variation -- VIII. Analytic and Synthetic Propositions -- IX. Consistency and Derivability -- X. Degree of Validity and Probability -- XI. The Objective Hierarchy of Propositions -- XII. Set and Continuum -- XIII. Infinite Sets -- XIV. Natural Numbers -- XV. Conclusion -- A A Selection from the Wissenschaftslehre (Sulzbach 1837, Leipzig 1914—31) [‘+A’ (‘-A’) means including (excluding) the Anmerkung(en)]: Volume One -- One / Theory of Fundamental Truths -- One / On the Existence of Truths in Themselves -- Two / On the Possibility of Knowing the Truth -- Two / Theory of Elements § 46. Purpose, Content and Sections of this Part -- One / On Ideas in Themselves -- Volume Two -- Two / On Propositions in Themselves -- Three / On True Propositions -- Four / On Inferences -- Volume Three -- Three / Theory of Knowledge -- One / On Ideas -- Two / On Judgments -- Three / The Relationship of our Judgments to the Truth -- Volume Four -- Five / Theory of Science Proper -- One / General Theory -- Four / On the Propositions which should Occur in a Scholarly Treatise -- B Excerpts from Bolzano’s Correspondence -- Letter to J. E. Seidel, 26 January 1833 (Manuscript in Krajské muzeum v Ceských Bud?jovicích; transcription by Jan Berg) -- Letter to M. J. Fesl, 8 February 1834 (Manuscript in Literární ar chív Památníku národního písemnictví v Praze; published in Wissenschaft und Religion im Vormärz. Der Briefwechsel Bernard Bolzanos mit Michael Josef Fesl (ed. by E. Winter and W. Zeil), Berlin 1965, p. 58,1. 4 – 1. 3 f.b.) -- Letter to F. Exner, 22 November 1834 (Manuscript in Österreichische Nationalbibliothek Wien; published in Der Briefwechsel B. Bolzano’s mit F. Exner (ed. by E. Winter), Bernard Bolzano’s Schriften, vol. 4, Prague 1935, p. 62,1. 32 - p. 67, 1. 38) -- Letter to J. P. Romang, 1 May 1847 (Manuscript in the same archive as Letter to M. J. Fesl (above); published in Philosophisches Jahrbuch der Görresgesellschaft, vol. 51, Fulda 1938, p. 50,1. 5f.b. - p. 53, 1. 16) -- Letter to R. Zimmermann, 9 March 1848 (Manuscript in the same archive as Letter to M. J. Fesl (above); transcription by Jan Berg) -- Letter to F. P?íhonský, 10 March 1848 (Manuscript in the same archive as Letter to M. J. Fesl (above); published in E. Winter: Der Böhmische Vormärz in Brief en B. Bolzanos an F. P?ihonskí, Berlin 1956, p. 285,1. 1 – 1. 16) -- A. Works by Bolzano -- 1. Works on Logic, Epistemology and Methodology of Science -- 2. Works on Mathematics -- B. Works on Bolzano -- 1. General Works -- 2. Biographies -- 3. Logic -- 4. Mathematics -- 5. Metaphysics -- 6. Theology -- 7. Social Philosophy -- 8. Aesthetics -- Name Index.
    Abstract: The present selection from the Wissenschaftslehre (Sulzbach 1837) of Bernard Bolzano (1781-1848) aims at giving a compact view of his main ideas in logic, semantics, epistemology and the methodology of science. These ideas are analyzed from a modern point of view in the Introduction. Furthermore, excerpts from Bolzano's correspondence are included which yield important remarks on his own work. The translation of the sections from the Wissenschaftslehre are based on a German text, which I have located in the Manuscript Department of the University Library in Prague (signature: 75 B 459). It was one of Bolzano's own copies of his printed work and contains a vast number of corrections made by Bolzano himself, thus representing the final stage of his thought, which has gone unnoticed in previous editions. The German originals of Bolzano's letters to M. J. Fesl, J. P. Romang, R. Zimmermann and F. Pi'ihonsky are in the Literary Archive of the Pamatnfk narodnfho pfsemnictvf in Prague. The original of the letter to F. Exner belongs to the Manuscript Department of the Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek in Vienna. The original of the letter to J. E. Seidel is preserved in the Museum of the City of Ceske Budejovice.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2513-3
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    Science, Decision and Value : Proceedings of the Fifth University of Western Ontario Philosophy Colloquium, 1969 (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401025713
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books on Philosophy of Science, Methodology, and Epistemology Published in Connection with the University of Western Ontario Philosophy of Science Programme 1
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: The Concept of Obligation in the Context of Decision Theory -- Comments -- Reply to Professor Kyburg -- Behind Decision and Games Theory: Acting with a Co-Agent versus Acting Along with Nature -- Comments -- Comments -- Comments -- Measurement: A Systems Approach -- Comments -- Comments -- Utility Theory with Inexact Preferences and Degrees of Preference -- Information, Rewards, and Quasi-Utilities -- Open Action, Utility, and Utilitarianism -- Comments -- Emergent Utilities -- Cost-Benefit versus Expected Utility Acceptance Rules.
    Abstract: This volume grew out of the papers and comments presented at the Fifth University of Western Ontario Philosophy Colloquium, October 31- November 2, 1969. The colloquium papers were delivered by P. Suppes, R. B. Braithwaite, C. W. Churchman, and J. S. Minas. Comments are provided from others attending the colloquium, with one reply by P. Suppes. Also included are papers recently published elsewhere by A. Michalos, P. Fishburn and H. -N. Castaneda. The editors express thanks to these authors and to the editors of the following respective journals for per­ mission to publish: Theory and Decision, Synthese, and Critica. Finally, there is an extensive bibliography of decision theory, vis-a. -vis science and values. The editors wish to thank the officers of the University of Western Ontario for making the colloquium possible. THE EDITORS CONTENTS PREFACE V PATRICK SUPPES I The Concept of Obligation in the Context of Decision Theory 1 HENR Y KYBURG I Comments 15 PATRICK SUPPES I Reply to Professor Kyburg 19 R. B. BRAITHWAITE I Behind Decision and Games Theory: Acting with a Co-Agent versus Acting Along with Nature 22 ISAAC LEVI I Comments 56 RONALD GIERE I Comments 62 I. J. GOOD I Comments 67 C. WEST CHURCHMAN I Measurement: A Systems Approach 70 ISAAC LEVI I Comments 87 RONALD GIERE I Comments 95 PETER C. FISHBURN I Utility Theory with Inexact Preferences and Degrees of Preference 98 I. J.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2571-3
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  • 120
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    Essays in Legal and Moral Philosophy (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401026536
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (328p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 57
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 57
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Law—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. What is Justice? -- II. The Idea of Natural Law -- III. God and the State -- IV. Law and Morality -- 1. Moral Norms as Social Norms -- 2. Morality as the Regulation of Internal Behaviour -- 3. Morality as a Primitive Order without Coercive Character -- 4. Law as a Part of Morality -- 5. Relativity of Moral Value -- 6. Separation of Law and Morality -- 7. Justification of Law by Morality -- V. State-Form and World-Outlook -- VI. The Foundation of the Theory of Natural Law -- VII. Causality and Accounting -- VIII. The Emergence of the Causal Law From the Principle of Retribution -- IX. On the Concept of Norm -- X. Law and Logic -- 1. Contradiction of Natural Law -- 2. Morality and Law -- 3. The Issue Clouded by Roman Law -- 4. No Imperative without an ‘Imperator’ -- 5. The Analogy is Misleading -- 6. Statement and Norm -- 7. Law is an Act of Will -- 8. Statement and Truth -- 9. Legislator and Judge -- 10. Robber and Judge -- 11. Statute Book and Textbook -- 12. Natural and Legal Science -- 13. Of the Spirit of the Laws -- 14. Logic and Psychology -- 15. ‘Juridical Logic’ -- XI. Law and Logic Again. On the Applicability of Logical Principles to Legal Norms -- XII. On the Practical Syllogism -- XIII. Derogation -- XIV. Norm and Value -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: In his choice of texts, the Editor has been faced with the difficult task of selecting, from among the author's more than 600 publications, those of the greatest philosophical interest. It is chiefly the topics of value-rela­ tivism and the logic of norms that have been kept in view. The selection has also been guided by the endeavour to reprint, so far as possible, texts which have not hitherto appeared in English. At times, however, this aim has had to be discarded, in order to include works of key im­ portance and also the latest expressions of Kelsen's view. In addition to the two topics already mentioned, the Editor has con­ sidered Kelsen's discussions of the causal principle to be so far worthy of philosophical attention, that some writings on causality and account­ ability have been included in this collection of philosophical studies. OTA WEINBERGER Hans Kelsen died on April 19th, 1973. Only his work now lives, for the inspiration of future generations of jurists and philosophers. Graz, 25th April, 1973 OT A WEINBERGER TRANSLATOR'S NOTE I am obliged to the Editor for his careful scrutiny of the translation, which has led to a number of corrections and improvements in the text.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2653-6
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    Evolution and International Organization : Toward a New Level of Sociopolitical Integration (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401190701
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 120 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studien zur Regierungslehre und Internationalen Politik 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Evolutionary economics. ; Institutional economics.
    Abstract: I: Introduction: Problems of Theory-Building in the Study of International Organization -- 1.1 Development of Research and Its Inadequacies -- 1.2 The Quest for New Directions in Theory Building -- 2: Sociocultural Evolution and Sociopolitical Organization -- 2.1 Research on the Changing Scale of Sociopolitical Organization -- 2.2 Sociocultural Evolution — General and Specific Aspects -- 2.3 Evolution of Sociopolitical Organization -- 2.4 Analysis of the Evolutionary Process -- 3: The International Organization Level of Integration and Its Relationship to the Nation State -- 3.1 Structural Means of Integration at the International Organization Level -- 3.2 Interrelations Among Structural Dimensions of International Organization-Building and Patterns of Growth -- 3.3 International Organization and the Nation-State System -- 4: Industrial Civilization and the Causes of International Organization-Building -- 4.1 Theoretical Analysis -- 4.2 Empirical Domain and the Operationalization of Variables -- 4.3 Data Analysis -- 5: International Organization-Building and Integration Within the Global Context -- 5.1 The Dependent Variable: International Integration -- 5.2 Three Theories of International Integration -- 5.3 Data Analysis -- 6: Summary and Conclusions.
    Abstract: phase two spanned the time from the late 1930's to about 1950 (Sohn's period III and Yalem's periods II and III). The literature produced during these years revealed an ambivalent reaction toward the apparent inability of international organizations, particularly the League of Nations, to control violence or contribute to the solution of conflicts among major powers. The advocates of a world state saw vindicated their position that an even stronger tmiversal supranational authority was required to assure the repression or deterrence of international aggression. However, the 'realist' position, laying claim to greater scientific validity, argued 'the inlportance of political and ideo­ logical conflicts as barriers to international cooperation' (Yalem, 1966: 2). The excellent analysis by Ronald Rogowski (1968) shows how the twin positions of 'idealism' and 'realism' proceed from an identical paradigm of world politics: a nation-state system with little or no integrative superstructure. They differ, however, in their epistemological outlook. The realists display a positivistic standpoint: taking the inter­ national system and its premise, power politics, as unalterable givens, they inquire into the feasibility of international organization under these circumstances. The idea­ lists adopt what one might call a critical approach toward social analysis: they do not deny the positive validity of the realists' fmdings, but they reject the notion that power politics is an mlalterable impediment.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-9070-1
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  • 122
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    Method, Model and Matter (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401025195
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 44
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 44
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction: On Method in the Philosophy of Science -- I: Scientific Method -- 2. Testability Today -- 3. Is Biology Methodologically Unique? -- 4. The Axiomatic Method in Physics -- II: Conceptual Models -- 5. Concepts of Model -- 6. Analogy, Simulation, Representation -- 7. Mathematical Modeling in Social Science -- III: Metaphysics -- 8. Is Scientific Metaphysics Possible? -- 9. The Metaphysics, Epistemology, and Methodology of Levels -- 10. How do Realism, Materialism and Dialectics Fare in Contemporary Science? -- Name Index.
    Abstract: This collection of essays deals with three clusters of problems in the philo­ sophy of science: scientific method, conceptual models, and ontological underpinnings. The disjointedness of topics is more apparent than real, since the whole book is concerned with the scientific knowledge of fact. Now, the aim of factual knowledge is the conceptual grasping of being, and this understanding is provided by theories of whatever there may be. If the theories are testable and specific, such as a theory of a particular chemical reaction, then they are often called 'theoretical models' and clas­ sed as scientific. If the theories are extremely general, like a theory of syn­ thesis and dissociation without any reference to a particular kind of stuff, then they may be called 'metaphysical' - as well as 'scientific' if they are consonant with science. Between these two extremes there is a whole gamut of kinds of factual theories. Thus the entire spectrum should be dominated by the scientific method, quite irrespective of the subject matter. This is the leitmotiv of the present book. The introductory chapter, on method in the philosophy of science, tackles the question 'Why don't scientists listen to their philosophers?'.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2519-5
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    Immigrant Integration and Urban Renewal in Toronto (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401167949
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (118p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Publications of the Research Group for European Migration Problems 18
    Series Statement: Research Group for European Migration Problems 18
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: History
    Abstract: I. Long-Term Plans for Urban Improvement in Toronto -- The Development of Metropolitan Toronto -- The Urban Renewal Areas of Toronto -- II. Survey Methodology -- Construction of Interview Schedule and Fieldwork -- Selection of Respondents and Sample Design -- Non-Response and Sampling Error -- The Neighbourhood Integration Score -- Participation in Voluntary Associations -- III. Characteristics of Household Heads in the Survey Areas -- Ethnic Origins -- Demographic and Socio-Economic Characteristics -- Housing Conditions and Satisfaction -- Housing Conditions -- Conclusion -- IV. Neighbourhood Satisfaction and Integration -- Neighbourhood Integration -- Length of Residence and Mobility -- Conclusion -- V. Attitudes Towards Urban Renewal -- Factors Influencing Attitudes Toward Urban Renewal -- Conclusion -- VI. Participation in Voluntary Associations -- Types of Organization: Overall Frequencies of Memberships -- Religious Denomination, Religious Involvement, Ethnicity and Class -- Instrumental and Expressive Organizations and Leadership -- Labour Unions -- Social Class and Participation in Voluntary Associations -- Ethnicity and Participation -- Integration and Satisfaction -- Attitudes Toward Urban Renewal and Participation -- Conclusion -- VII. Conclusion -- Area and Ethnic Differences -- Implications for Urban Renewal Policies -- Immigrant Integration -- Selected Bibliography and References.
    Abstract: English and the community functions on the basis of a variety of ethnic institutions that operate in the immigrant's own mother tongue. These include local stores and markets, churches, clubs, welfare agencies and other organizations that serve the needs of the local population. Frequently employment opportunities in occupa­ tions where English is unnecessary are also available to men and women in the neighbourhood. These ethnic neighbourhoods exhibit a high degree of functional interdependence which would be severely disrupted by urban renewal schemes involving widespread clearance. The proposed extension of freeways could give rise to problems in this respect. Even the "spot clearance" schemes of a more limited kind would have more serious social and human repercussions in such areas in view of the high incidence of "doubling". It is significant that certain planning areas in which urban renewal has already proceeded, such as the Don area including the Regent Park public housing scheme, have consisted predominantly of native-born Canadians of British origin. The experience gained in these schl~mes is not likely to be a useful guide to the probable consequen -;es of improvement and other schemes in those areas with a mt l"e heterogeneous population. An examination of the population .::haracteristics in those areas designated for renewal in the future suggests that the social effects and human implications of these plans may be somewhat different from past experience.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-6794-9
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    Semantics of Natural Language (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401025577
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (779p) , digital
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 40
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 40
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: Subjects, Speakers, and Roles -- Deep Structure as Logical Form -- Troubles about Actions -- Act -- Some Problems Concerning the Logic of Grammatical Modifiers -- Pragmatics and Intensional Logic -- General Semantics -- On the Frame of Reference -- Naming and Necessity -- Proper Names and Identifying Descriptions -- Pragmatics -- The Semantics of Modal Notions and the Indeterminacy of Ontology -- Opacity, Coreference, and Pronouns -- Methodological Reflections on Current Linguistic Theory -- Grammar and Philosophy -- Analytic/Synthetic and Semantic Theory -- A Program for Syntax -- A Program for Logic -- Linguistics and Natural Logic -- Semantical Archaeology: A Parable -- On the Semantics of the Ought-To-Do -- Inference and Self-Reference -- What Is Said -- The Role of Inductive Reasoning in the Interpretation of Metaphor -- Probabilistic Grammars for Natural Languages -- Addenda to Saul A. Kripke’s Paper ‘Naming and Necessity’.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2557-7
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  • 125
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    Constellations and Conjectures (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401024983
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 48
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 48
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Book One - Part I -- Cosmological Explanation, B.C. -- The Conceptual Content of Book One, Part I -- The Historical Content of Book One, Part I -- Plato -- Eudoxos and ‘Plato’s Problem’ -- Aristotle -- Book One - Part II -- Ptolemy and Prediction -- Pre-Ptolemaic Anticipations -- Three Dimensional Variations of Ptolemy’s Technique -- Book Two - Part I -- The Medieval Rediscovery of Ptolemy’s Tool Box -- ‘The Ptolemaic System’ -- Supplementary Material for Book Two, Section A -- Book Two - Part II -- Copernicus’ Systematic Astronomy -- Further Aspects of Copernican Astronomy in Contrast to All that had Gone Before -- Supplement to Section on Copernican Theory -- Book Three - Part I -- Kepler and the ‘Clean’ Idea -- Supplementary Material for Book Three, Part I.
    Abstract: An occurrence is explained by being related to prior events through known laws. Other intellectual activities may also constitute explanation - but this much certainly does. Ideally, an explained occurrence (0) could have been predicted in a connected way - by extrapolation from prior events (e) via the same laws (L). Schematically, 1 Explanation: 0 -Lt, 2, 3-(e e e )'-AI t 2 3 01 Prediction: (e e e )I-L , 2, 3_ +.11 t 2 3 t Thus Mars' backward loop in late summer, 1956, is explained by showing how this follows from (e ) its mean distance from sun and earth, (e ) its t 2 mean period of revolution, (e ) its past positions relative to earth, etc. 3 - by way of the laws of Celestial Mechanics (including (Lt) Kepler's Laws and Galileo's, (L2) Newton's, and (L3) those of Laplace and Lagrange. Moreover, this loop (0) could have been predicted from such events (e -e ) via the laws of Celestial Mechanics. t 3 This is an ideal situation. It crystallized late in the history of planetary theory. The Greeks found explanations for heavenly motions: the back­ ward loops were explained to their satisfaction. But they could not predict these motions, not in terms of Attic explanatory cosmologies.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2498-3
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  • 126
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    Discord in Zion : The Puritan Divines and the Puritan Revolution 1640-1660 (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401024907
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Drake, George [Rezension von: Liu, Tai, Discord in Zion: The Puritan Divines and the Puritan Revolution, 1640-1660] 1976
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idees 61
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 61
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: 1. A Glimpse of Zion’s Glory -- 2. Conflicts in Temple-Work -- 3. No King But Jesus -- 4. Saints in Power -- 5. Cromwell or Christ -- 6. Conclusion -- Appendix I -- Appendix II.
    Abstract: With the decline of the Whig interpretation of history, historians in the past few decades have re-examined the origins and the nature of the English Revolution from various perspectives. The constitutional conflict 1 between the crown and parliament has been analyzed. The Puritan mind 2 has been explored. Social change in England during the century prior 3 to the outbreak of the Civil War has been anatomized. The composition 4 of the Long Parliament has been dissected. Every student of the English Revolution is now well aware that the crisis in seventeenth-century Eng­ land, like all other major events in history, was a complex phenomenon in which men as well as ideas, religious convictions as well as economic interests all came into play. For all students of this period, the works of Samuel R. Gardiner, am­ plified by Sir Charles H. Firth, remain the chief source of knowledge and 1 It should be noted that while former historians from Hallam and Macaulay to G. M. Trevelyan and J R. Tanner all interpreted the English Revolution in terms of the constitution, recent historical scholarship in this respect is more concerned with the evolution and functioning of the constitution rather than the constitutional rights and wrongs of either party in the conflict. See Wallace Notestein, The Winning of the Initiative by the House of Commons (London, 1924); Margaret A.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2490-7
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    Human Sciences and the Problem of Values / Les Sciences Humaines et le Problème des Valeurs (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401024242
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (104p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Institute of Philosophy Entretiens in Amsterdam / Institut International De Philosophie Entretiens D’Amsterdam, 8-11 September 1971 / 8-11 septembre 1971 3
    Series Statement: Institut International de Philosophie 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Modern philosophy. ; Cross-cultural psychology.
    Abstract: Table des Matières -- Human Sciences and the Problem of Values -- Das Ontologische Problem des Wertes -- Axiology and Analysis -- La Justification des Normes -- The “Factual” and the “Normative” -- On Justifying Norms -- Facts, Values and Actions -- “Freedom from Values” Examined.
    Abstract: K. Kuypers: HUMAN SCIENCES AND THE PROBLEM OF VALUES 1 H. G. Gadamer: DAS ONTOLOGISCHE PROBLEM DES WERTES 17 Manfred Moritz: AXIOLOGY AND ANALYSIS 33 Ch. Perelman: LA JUSTIFICATION DES NORMES 47 Max Black: THE "FACTUAL" AND THE "NORMATIVE" 55 P. Lorenzen: ON JUSTIFYING NORMS 65 Richard McKeon: FACTS, VALUES AND ACTIONS 73 N. Rotenstreich: "FREEDOM FROM VALUES" EXAMINED 87 PREFACE In accordance with a suggestion made in the preceding assembly of the Institute in Helsinki (1970), as theme of the Entretiens in Amsterdam was chosen: Human sciences and the problem of values. As usual the organization of the Entretiens was committed to a local committee in close collaboration with the office of the Institute in Paris. The confer­ ence was held from 8 till II September 1971 in the so called Trippenhuis (house where lived the family Trip in the 17th and 18th century), seat of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences and Letters. The sessions were attended by about 70 people, not only members but also some invited colleagues and assistants representing the philosophers in the Dutch universities. The papers were multiplied and distributed to the participants some time before the beginning of the conference. By so doing each speaker (rapporteur) could restrict himself to a short summary of the main points of his paper or a short comment as introduction, immediately followed by a general discussion.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2424-2
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    The Physics of Glassy Polymers (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401023559
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Materials Science Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: (The Nature of Polymer Glasses, Their Packing Density and Mechanical Behaviour) -- The Nature of Polymeric Glasses -- Packing Volume in the Glassy State -- The Rigidity of Polymer Glasses -- Large Deformations and Fracture -- References -- 1 The Thermodynamics of the Glassy State -- 1.1 Introductory Thermodynamic Considerations -- 1.2 Glassy Solidification and Transition Phenomena -- 1.3 Results of the Thermodynamic Theory of Linear Relaxation Phenomena -- 1.4 Glassy Mixed Phases -- 1.5 The Mobility and Structure of Glassy Phases -- References -- 2 X-Ray Diffraction Studies of the Structure of Amorphous Polymers -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Interaction of X-rays With Matter -- 2.3 Order and Orientation in Polymers -- 2.4 Diffraction of X-rays by Amorphous Materials -- 2.5 Small Angle X-ray Scattering -- 2.6 The Radial Distribution Function for Amorphous Polymers -- References -- 3 Relaxation Processes in Amorphous Polymers -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Molecular Motion in Polymeric Melts and Glasses -- 3.3 Secondary Relaxation Regions in Typical Organic Glasses -- References -- 4 Creep in Glassy Polymers -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.3 Apparatus and Experimental Methods -- 4.4 Creep Phenomena in Glassy Polymers -- 4.5 Final Comments -- References and Bibliography -- 5 The Yield Behaviour of Glassy Polymers -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.3 Mechanical Tests -- 5.4 Characteristics of the Yield Process -- 5.5 Inhomogeneous Deformation -- 5.6 Structural Observations -- 5.7 Yield Criteria for Polymers -- 5.8 Molecular Theories of Yielding -- References -- 6 The Post-Yield Behaviour of Amorphous Plastics -- 6.1 General -- 6.2 The Phenomena of’ strain Softening’ -- 6.3 Plastic Instability Phenomena -- 6.4 The Adiabatic Heating of Polymers Subject to Large Deformations -- 6.5 Orientation Hardening -- 6.6 Large Deformation and Fracture -- References -- 7 Cracking and Crazing in Polymeric Glasses -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Fracture Mechanics -- 7.3 Fatigue Fracture -- 7.4 Crazing -- 7.5 Molecular Fracture -- 7.6 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Rubber ReinForced Thermoplastics -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Rubber Reinforced Glassy Polymers of Commercial Importance -- 8.3 Methods of Manufacture -- 8.4 Incompatibility in Polymer Mixtures -- 8.5 Identification of Two Phase Rubber Reinforced Systems -- 8.6 Dispersed Phase Morphology -- 8.7 Optical Properties -- 8.8 Mechanical Properties -- References -- 9 The Diffusion and Sorption of Gases and Vapours in Glassy Polymers -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Ideal and Non-ideal Sorption and Diffusion of Fixed Gases -- 9.3 The Effect of the Glass Transition on Gas and Vapour Diffusion in Polymers -- 9.4 Relaxation Controlled Transport and Related Crazing of Polymeric Glasses by Vapours -- 9.5 Some Effects of Crystallinity and Orientation on the Transport of Gases and Vapours in Glassy Polymers -- References -- 10 The Morphology of Regular Block Copolymers -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Techniques Used for the Study of the Morphology of Block Copolymers -- 10.3 Variables Controlling the Morphology -- 10.4 Studies with Specific Systems -- 10.5 Theories of the Morphology of Block Copolymers -- 10.6 Implications of Theories and Comparison With Experiment -- 10.7 Mechanical Properties and Deformations -- 10.8 Crystallinity -- References -- Appendix I Glass Transition Temperatures and Expansion Coefficients for the Glass and Rubber States of some Typical Polymeric Glasses -- Appendix II Conversion Factors for SI Units.
    Abstract: This work sets out to provide an up-to-date account of the physical properties and structure of polymers in the glassy state. Properties measured above the glass transition temperature are therefore included only in so far as is necessary for the treatment of the glass transition process. This approach to the subject therefore excludes any detailed account of rubber elasticity or melt rheology or of the structure and conformation of the long chain molecule in solution, although knowledge derived from this field is assumed where required. Major emphasis is placed on structural and mechanical properties, although a number of other physical properties are included. Naturally the different authors contributing to the book write mainly from their own particular points of view and where there are several widely accepted theoretical approaches to a subject, these are sometimes provided in different chapters which will necessarily overlap to a significant extent. For example, the main theoretical presentation on the subject of glass transition is given in Chapter 1. This is supplemented by accounts of the free volume theory in Chapter 3 and in the Introduction, and a short account of the work of Gibbs and DiMarzio, also in Chapter 3. Similarly, there is material on solvent cracking in Chapters 7 and 9, though the two workers approach the subject from opposite directions. Every effort has therefore been made to encourage cross-referencing between different chapters.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2355-9
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    Thomas Reid’s Lectures on the Fine Arts : Transcribed from the Original Manuscript, with an Introduction and Notes (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401024457
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (65p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 7
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D'Histoire Des Idées Minor 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Aesthetics
    Abstract: Perception -- Aesthetic Perception -- Aesthetic Qualities -- The Connection -- A Note on the Text -- Lectures on the Fine Arts -- Mind and Body -- Taste and the Fine Arts.
    Abstract: The past few years have seen a revival of interest in Thomas Reid's philosophy. His moral theory has been studied by D. D. Raphael (The Moral Sense) and his entire philosophical position by S. A. Grave (The Scottish Philosophy of Common Sense). Prior to both, A. D. Woozley gave us the first modern reprint of Reid's Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man - in fact the first edition of any work by Reid to appear in print since the Philosophical Works was edited in the nineteenth century by Sir William Hamilton. But Reid's aesthetic philosophy has not received its due. Woozley, in abridging the Essays, omitted the whole final essay, "On Taste," which is the only extended work on aesthetic theory that Reid ever published. Raphael, being interested primarily in Reid's moral theory, understand­ ably, treated aesthetics only as it was related to morality. And Grave, although he did present a short and very cogent resume of Reid's aes­ thetic position, obviously found himself drawn to other elements of Reid's philosophy. There are, of course, some accounts of Reid's aes­ thetic theory to be found in the various studies of eighteenth-century British aesthetics and criticism. None, however, appears to me to do any kind of justice to the philosophical questions which Reid treats in his aesthetics and philosophy of art.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2445-7
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    The Maxims in the Novels of Duclos (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401177566
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (166p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas, Series Minor 2
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D'Histoire Des Idées Minor 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Communication.
    Abstract: I. Introduction to Duclos -- II. A definition of the Maxim in Duclos’ novels -- III. The Maxims in Histoire de Madame de Luz -- IV. The Maxims in the Confessions du Comte de*** -- V. The Maxims in Mémoires sur les Moeurs de ce Siècle -- VI. The Maxims in the novels of Duclos: A conclusion.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7756-6
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    The Other Side of Criminology : An Inversion of the Concept of Crime (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401744959
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (181 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social sciences ; Criminology
    Abstract: I. Reactions of Society to Crime -- II. Criminology; Its Definition, Nature and Subfields -- III. what is a Crime? Relativity of the Concept -- IV. Multiformity and Classifications -- V. Punishment -- Index of authors.
    Abstract: Didactically, a textbook of criminology should start at the beginning. The learning process, also an emotional process, begins in criminology with the concepts, views, emotions, attitudes and ideas we have regarding crime and criminals. Exploration of these underlying factors is one of the aims of the present book. We can free our thinking only by being aware of the significance of our own feelings and thoughts about a phenomenon like crime. 'That is the basic problem confronting us. In scien­ tific thinking implicit postulates as to the sensus communis, unless recognized and 1 neutralized, grow into idols.' The fight against crime is one example of such an idol. Crimes and criminals exist only by virtue of reactions to certain forms of be­ havior. For this reason this book will begin by examining the reactions of society to crime. Criminology is primarily a science of others than offenders. In this sense I invert criminology. The history of criminology is not so much a history of offenders, 2 as a history of the reactions of those in power.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-4495-9
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    Logic, Language, and Probability : A Selection of Papers Contributed to Sections IV, VI, and XI of the Fourth International Congress for Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science, Bucharest, September 1971 (1973)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401025683
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 51
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Mathematics ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Mathematical logic. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I: Logic (Section IV) -- An Intensional Interpretation of Truth-Values -- Intensional Descriptions and Relative Completeness in the General Interpreted Modal Calculus MCV -- Singular Terms and Statements of Identity -- Adequate Models for the Non-Fregean Sentential Calculus (SCI) -- Doubts about Some Standard Arguments for Church’s Thesis -- II: Probability (Section VI) -- On the Causal Structure of Random Processes -- The Paradox of Anomaly -- Some Problems in the Constructive Probability Theory -- Evidence and Conceptual Change -- Empirically Trivial Theories and Inductive Systematization -- Are Some Propensities Probabilities? -- Questions and Their Pragmatic Value -- Prediction, Complexity, and Randomness -- Rules for Reasonable Belief Change -- III: Language (Section XI) -- Models for Text Grammars -- Tolerance Spaces and Linguistics -- Modal Tic-Tac-Toe -- On Binary Relations in Linguistic and Other Semiotic and Social Systems -- Worlds, Games and Pragmemes: A Unified Theory of Speech Acts -- On Occasional Expressions -- Combinators and Deep Structure -- Linguistic Theory and ‘Meaning?Text’ Type Models -- Properties of the Derivations According to a Context- Free Grammar -- The Treatment of Reference in Linguistic Description -- Fregean Categorial Grammar -- A Model-Theoretic Approach to Some Problems in the Semantics of Empirical Languages -- Methodological Relevance of Language Models with Expanding Sets of Sentences -- A New Type of Syntactic Projectivity: SD Projectivity -- On the Representation of Generative Grammars as First-Order Theories -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The Fourth International Congress for Logic, Methodology, and Philos­ ophy of Science was held in Bucharest, Romania, on August 29-September 4, 1971. The Congress was organized, under the auspices of the Inter­ national Union for History and Philosophy of Science, Division of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, by the Academy of the Socialist Republic of Romania, the Academy of Social and Political Sciences of the Socialist Republic of Romania, and the Ministry of Education of Romania. With more than eight hundred participating scholars from thirty-four countries, the Congress was one of the major scientific events of the year 1971. The dedicated efforts of the organizers, the rich and carefully planned program, and the warm and friendly atmosphere contributed to making the Congress a successful and fruitful forum of exchange of scientific ideas. The work of the Congress consisted of invited one hour and half-hour addresses, symposia, and contributed papers. The proceedings were organized into twelve sections of Mathematical Logic, Foundations of Mathematical Theories, Automata and Programming Languages, Philos­ ophy of Logic and Mathematics, General Problems of Methodology and Philosophy of Science, Foundations of Probability and Induction, Methodology and Philosophy of Physical Sciences, Methodology and Philosophy of Biological Sciences, Methodology and Philosophy of Psychological Sciences, Methodology and Philosophy of Historical and Social Sciences, Methodology and Philosophy of Linguistics, and History of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2568-3
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    Persons in Love : A Study of Max Scheler’s Wesen und Formen der Sympathie (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401027960
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (172 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Religion (General) ; Religion.
    Abstract: one Clarification of the phenomenon of love At the vital level of reality -- A. Inadequacies of Empirical-Psychological Theories -- B. Inadequacies of Metaphysical Theories -- Two Clarification of The Phenomenonof Love at the Metaphysical Level of Reality -- A. Person as Intrinsic Coherence of Dynamic Orientation -- B. Personal Actualization Descriptive of Being -- Three Love As Concrete Core of Be-ing -- A. The Order of Love Generally -- B. The Dynamic Structure of Being -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: Max Scheler's WESEN UND FORMEN DER SYMPATHIE, which appeared in 1923, is an essentially altered and extended second edition of a book published in 1913 entitled ZUR PHANOMENOLOGIE UND THEoRIE DER SYMPATHIEGEFUHLE UND VON LIEBE UND HAss. WESEN UND FORMEN DER SYMPATHIE was the first volume of a proposed several volumes to be concerned with clarifying the nature and mode of specific emotional functions and acts. Other titles in the proposed collection, although not completed, included WESEN UND FORMEN DES SCHAMGEFUHLS, WESEN UND FORMEN DES ANGST UND FURCHT, WESEN UND FORMEN DES EHRGEFUHLS. Scheler's clarification was to indicate important deriva­ tives of the concerned emotional functions and acts along with the order of their development in individual and communal life. The entire collection was to show the truth and relevance of Pascal's thought re­ specting an "ordre du coeur", "logique du coeur", "raison du coeur", and to furnish strict proof for it. Pascal's thought was also the funda­ mental inspiration of Scheler's ethics found in his book entitled, DER FORMALISMUS IN DER ETHIK UND DIE MATERIALE WERTETHIK, as well as a shorter work published during this same period of writing, ORDO AMORIS. YOM EWIGEN 1M MENscHEN should also be mentioned as an important work of this period.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2796-0
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    Politics and Belief in Contemporary France : Emmanuel Mounier and Christian Democracy, 1932-1950 (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401193801
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 351 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political science. ; Religion. ; History.
    Abstract: I. The Travail of Christian Democracy, 1830–1932 -- II. The Established Disorder: Emmanuel Mounier and the Founding of Esprit -- III. The Paraplegics of Virtue: Mounier as a Critic of Christian Democracy, 1932–1934 -- IV. The Broken Idol: Mounier, the Christian Democrats and the Crisis Years of the Third Republic, 1934–1939 -- V. Resistance and Revolution: Mounier and the Founding of the Mouvement Républicain Populaire, 1940–1944 -- VI. The Dilemma of Communism: Mounier and the Mouvement Républicain Populaire, 1944–1950 -- VII. The Heritage of Mounier: The Christian Left and the Death of Christian Democracy in France -- Bibliographical Essay.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-9380-1
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    Problems in the Theory of Knowledge / Problèmes de la Théorie de la Connaissance (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401027649
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 70 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Institute of Philosophy Entretiens in Helsinki / Institut International de Philosophie Entretiens de Helsinki, 24-27 August 1970 / 24-27 août 1970 1
    Series Statement: Institut International de Philosophie 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Table Des Matières -- Knowledge and Reasons -- Comments on Professor Williams’ “Knowledge and Reasons” -- Memory Re-Chained -- Connaissance et Reconnaissance -- De L’Evidence -- Wittgenstein on Certainty -- Comments on Professor Von Wright’s “Wittgenstein on Certainty” -- Kant Et La Connaissance De Soi.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2764-9
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    Selected Papers/Ausgewählte Schriften (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401028554
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (532p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Publiée sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives Husserl 43
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 43
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: Table of Contents/Inhalt -- Notes on the Development of my Concepts -- The Symptom in Relation to the Whole Organism -- Abstract versus Concrete Behavior -- Health, Disease and Therapy -- Epistemology and the Nature of Man -- Relation to Other Theories -- Zur Frage der Amnestischen Aphasie und ihrer Abgrenzung Gegenüber der Transcorticalen und Glossopsychischen Aphasie -- Krankengeschichte -- Über Farbennamenamnesie nebst Bemerkungen über das Wesen der Amnestischen Aphasie überhaupt und die Beziehung zwischen Sprache und dem Verhalten zur Umwelt -- I. Die Farbennamenamnesie -- II. Zur Frage der amnestischen Aphasie für Gegenstände -- Das Symptom, seine Entstehung und Bedeutung für unsere Auffassung vom Bau und der Funktion des Nervensystems -- Über Aphasie -- I. Methodischer Teil -- II. Spezieller Teil -- Zum Problem der Angst -- Angst und Furcht -- Charakteristik der Struktur des Zustandes der Angst auf Grund der Beobachtungen an Hirngeschädigten -- Charakteristik des Phänomens Furcht -- Angst bei psychischen und körperlichen Krankheiten -- Welche Rolle spielt die Angst im Leben des Normalen und welche Bedeutung mag ihr hier zukommen? -- Über die Angst des Säuglings und der Tiere -- Kritik der Anschauungen Freuds über die Angst -- Über Zeigen und Greifen -- L’Analyse de L’Aphasie et L’Etude de L’Essence du Language -- I. Remarques préliminaires -- II. Troubles des moyens d’expression verbale -- III. Les troubles du langage, traduction d’une modification de l’attitude générale -- The Problem of the Meaning of Words based upon Observation of Aphasic Patients -- Summary -- Significance of Speech Disturbances for Normal Psychology -- Differentiation and definitions of the concrete and abstract attitudes -- Methods of testing for abstract behavior predominantly qualitative -- The abstract level of behavior as a distinctly new level -- On Naming and Pseudonaming -- From experiences in psychopathology -- Organismic Approach to the Problem of Motivation -- Bemerkung zum Vortrag von Prof. Meyerhof -- On Emotions: Considerations from the Organismic Point of View -- Remarques sur le Problème Épistémologique de la Biologie -- Bemerkungen zum Problem „Sprechen und Denken“ auf Grund Hirnpathologischer Erfahrungen -- The Smiling of the Infant and the Problem of Understanding the “Other” -- Concerning the Concept of “Primitivity”.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2855-4
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    Knowledge and Value : Essays in Honor of Harold N. Lee (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401028240
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (202p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Tulane Studies in Philosophy 21
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Monism, Logos, Fire, and Flux -- Kant’s Theory of Symbolism -- Dualisms in William James’s Principles of Psychology -- Charles Peirce and the Firstness of Process -- The Meaning of Sameness or Family Resemblance in the Pragmatic Tradition -- Pragmatics and Definite Descriptions -- Distinguishing Presupposition in Epistemology -- Verification in Metaphysics -- Gentzen’s Cut Elimination Theorem for Non-Logicians -- The Aesthetics of Harold N. Lee: A Reconsideration -- On the Phenomenon of Obligation -- Positivistic Paths to Value -- Publications by Harold N. Lee.
    Abstract: Harold N. Lee retired from Tulane University in June 1970. At first the event was too incredible for us to react. Harold N. Lee is a "character" in the best sense of the term. Surely he would never leave us. He was too much an institution for our institution to proceed without him. But he had attained the mandatory retirement age of seventy, as he himself informed us, and we could not refute the calendar. When at last we came to acknowledge the event, we - his colleagues, profession­ al friends, and former students - realized that we wanted to honor him in a manner more permanent than dinners and parties. So the idea of the present collection of essays dawned. Harold N. Lee taught philosophy at Tulane University for forty-five years. As professor of philosophy at Newcomb College, the undergraduate women's division of Tulane, and head of the Newcomb philosophy department, he carried a heavy burden of teaching and administration. He introduced many of the courses that are now a basic part of the curriculum, such as the courses in aesthetics and symbolic logic. Shortly after World War II he became chairman of the then newly­ formed university department of philosophy and played a major role in the establishment of the doctoral program in philosophy. Throughout the decades he also continued his philosophical researches, and he has published and continues to publish important articles and books at regular intervals.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2824-0
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    Collected Papers I : The Problem of Social Reality (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401028516
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (416p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Publiée Sous le Patronage des Centres d’Archives-Husserl 11
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Social sciences.
    Abstract: I / On the Methodology of the Social Sciences -- Common-Sense and Scientific Interpretation of Human Action -- Concept and Theory Formation in the Social Sciences -- Choosing Among Projects of Action -- II / Phenomenology and the Social Sciences -- Some Leading Concepts of Phenomenology -- Phenomenology and the Social Sciences -- Husserl’s Importance for the Social Sciences -- Scheler’s Theory of Intersubjectivity and the General Thesis of the Alter Ego -- Sartre’s Theory of the Alter Ego -- III / Symbol, Reality and Society -- On Multiple Realities -- Language, Language Disturbances, and the Texture of Consciousness -- Symbol, Reality and Society.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2851-6
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    Combinators, λ-Terms and Proof Theory (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401029131
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 42
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 42
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic
    Abstract: 1. The Theory of Combinators and the ?-Calculus -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Informal theory of combinators -- 3. Equality and reduction -- 4. The ?-calculus -- 5. Equivalence of the ?-calculus and the theory of combinators -- 6. Set-theoretical interpretations of combinators -- 7. Illative combinatory logic and the paradoxes -- 2. The Church-Rosser Property -- 1. Introduction -- 2. R-reductions -- 3. One-step reduction -- 4. Proof of main result -- 5. Generalization -- 6. Generalized weak reduction -- 3. Combinatory Arithmetic -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Combinatory definability -- 3. Fixed-points and numeral sequences -- 4. Undecidability results -- 4. Computable Functionals of Finite Type -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Finite types and terms of finite types -- 3. The equation calculus -- 4. The role of the induction rule -- 5. Soundness of the axioms -- 6. Defining axioms and uniqueness rules -- 7. Reduction rules -- 8. Computability and normal form -- 9. Interpretation of types and terms -- 5. Proofs in the Theory of Species -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Formulas, terms and types -- 3. A-terms and deductions -- 4. The equation calculus -- 5. Reduction and normal form -- 6. The strong normalization theorem -- 7. Interpretation of types and terms -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The aim of this monograph is to present some of the basic ideas and results in pure combinatory logic and their applications to some topics in proof theory, and also to present some work of my own. Some of the material in chapter 1 and 3 has already appeared in my notes Introduction to Combinatory Logic. It appears here in revised form since the presen­ tation in my notes is inaccurate in several respects. I would like to express my gratitude to Stig Kanger for his invalu­ able advice and encouragement and also for his assistance in a wide variety of matters concerned with my study in Uppsala. I am also in­ debted to Per Martin-USf for many valuable and instructive conversa­ tions. As will be seen in chapter 4 and 5, I also owe much to the work of Dag Prawitz and W. W. Tait. My thanks also to Craig McKay who read the manuscript and made valuable suggestions. I want, however, to emphasize that the shortcomings that no doubt can be found, are my sole responsibility. Uppsala, February 1972.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2913-1
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    Truth and Historicity / Vérité et Historicité (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401027625
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (86p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Institute of Philosophy Entretiens in Heidelberg / Institut International de Philosophie Entretiens de Heilderberg, 12-16 September 1969 / 12-16 septembre 1969 2
    Series Statement: Institut International de Philosophie 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Table des Matieres -- Eröffnungsansprache. Welt Ohne Geschichte -- Wahrheit und Geschichtlichkeit -- Remarques sur la Communication du Professeur Karl Löwith -- Are Truth and History Incompatible? -- Beitrag zur Kritik der Lehre von der Geschichtlichkeit der Wahrheit -- History and Philosophy, Art and Science, Validity and Truth -- Bemerkungen zu dem Referat von Richard Mckeon -- Tradition, Vérité et Histoire -- Diskussionsbeitrag -- L’historicité Comme Alibi -- Contribution à la Discussion de la Conférence de M. le Professeur Brunner sur le Thème “L’Historicite Commé Alibi” -- Vérité et Historicité.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2762-5
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    Cicero Scepticus : A Study of the Influence of the Academica in the Renaissance (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401710374
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 214 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idees 52
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 52
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: I — Introduction -- II — The Academica and Its Influence and Distribution in Antiquity and the Middle Ages -- III — The Academica in the Renaissance: A General Survey -- IV — The Academica at Paris in the Middle of the Sixteenth Century: Talon, Galland, and Others -- V — Giulio Castellani and the Academica -- VI — Joannes Rosa and His Commentary on the Academica -- VII — Summary and Conclusions -- Appendices.
    Abstract: As originally planned this volume was meant to cover a somewhat wider scope than, in fact, it has turned out to do. When, in rg68, I initially conceived of preparing it, it was proposed to deal with several aspects of early modern scepticism, in addition to the fortuna of the Academica, and to publish various loosely related pieces under the title of 'Studies in the History of Early Modern Scepticism. ' Thereby, I foresaw that I would exhaust my knowledge of the subject and would then be able to turn my attention to other matters. In initiating my research on this topic, however, I soon found that there remained a much greater bulk of material to study than could possibly be dealt with between the covers of the single modest volume which I envisioned. My proposed section on Cicero's Academica was to cover between 50 and 75 pages in the original plan. It soon became apparent, however, especially after Joannes Rosa's hitherto unstudied commentary on Cicero's work was uncovered, that this material would have to be treated at a much greater length than I had foreseen. The present volume is the result of this expanded investigation. The monograph which has come from this alteration in plans has, I think, the virtues of continuity and cohesive­ ness and one hopes that these advantages offset the benefits of a broader scope which were sacrificed.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1037-4
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    Modern Physics and its Philosophy : Selected Papers in the Logic, History and Philosophy of Science (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401028936
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (307p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 43
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 43
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: A / History of Physics -- I. Contradiction and Uplation in the Evolution of Physics (1960) -- II. Evolutionary Laws and Perspectives for Physics (1967) -- III. The Huygens-Leibniz-Mach Criticism in the Light of Present Knowledge (1967) -- IV. Max Planck and the Rise of Quantum Theory (1960) -- B / Logic of Physics — General -- V. On the Relation between Mathematics and Physics and Its Historical Development (1967) -- VI. Mathematics as Logical Syntax — A Method to Formalize the Language of a Physical Theory (1938) -- VII. Is the Frequency Limit Interpretation of Probability a Meaningful Idealization? (1946) -- VIII. Problems of Probability Theory in the Light of Quantum Mechanics (1938/39) -- IX. Equivalent Representations and Inequivalent Interpretations in Physics (1965) -- X. Material Structure and Mathematical Structure (1967) -- XI. Space-times and State Spaces (1967) -- XII. Intertheory Relations I — General Problems (1970) -- C / Foundational Studies — Special -- XIII. On the Logic of ‘Inertial Frame’ and ‘Mass’ (1966) -- XIV. The Lorentz Group: Axiomatics — Generalizations — Alternatives (1966) -- XV. Einstein’s Theories and the Critics of Newton — Inter-theory Relations II (1968) -- XVI. The Logic of Complementarity and the Foundation of Quantum Theory (1936) -- XVII. The Paradoxes of Quantum Physics and the Complementary Mode of Description (undated) -- XVIII. Quantum Theory and Logic (1950) -- XIX. Foundations of Quantum Mechanics (1967) -- XX. Quantum Theory and Philosophy (1960) -- XXI. A Second Foundation for Quantum Theory (1961) -- XXII. Intertheory Relations (III): Quantum Mechanics and Classical Point Mechanics (1970) -- D / In Memoriam Hans Reichenbach -- XXIII. Hans Reichenbach and the Berlin School (1963) -- XXIV. Two Notes on H. Reichenbach’s Logic of Quantum Mechanics (1945).
    Abstract: In selecting the papers for this volume I have excluded all physics papers proper. I have further omitted all book rev.iews. Instead, I have included two papers not published previously; they are marked by an asterisk (*) in the table of contents. Since many of the papers were occasioned by Symposia or similar gatherings their chronological order is rather accidental. Hence I have tried to group the papers thematically into four parts. Within each part the order of sequence is from the more general to the more special, or from a more popular to a more technical treatment. The same principle has been applied to the sequential order of the parts. The foundational papers on quantum mechanics have been arranged in a somewhat dif­ ferent manner. Chapters XVI-XIX are concerned with the logic of complementarity while in Chapters XX-XXII a more radical recon­ ceptualization is carried out. Two of the older papers (Chapters VI and VIII) have been revised to bring them more into line with present terminology. Other papers have been corrected by additions and omissions. Additions are marked by square brackets [ ], while double square brackets [[ II signify omis­ sions or parts to be omitted. Hence [[A]] [B] means that 'A' should be replaced by 'B'. The heading of one paper (Chapter XX) has been changed to make it more descriptive.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2893-6
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    Scientific Procedures : A Contribution Concerning the Methodological Problems of Scientific Concepts and Scientific Explanation (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401029162
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (281p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 10
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. The Concept of ‘Science’ as Cognitive Activity -- 1. Aspects of the Concept of Science -- 2. The Goals of Science as Cognitive Activity sui generis -- 3. Scientific Cognition as the Solution of Problems -- II. On the Approach to Models of Scientific Procedures -- 1. Scientific Procedures as Operations with Data -- 2. The Metatheoretical Character of the Analysis of Scientific Procedures -- 3. The Finitistic Approach -- III. The Empirical Basis and the Analysis of ‘Universe of Discourse’ -- 1. Schemata of the Analysis -- 2. The Communication Model and the Problem of Scientific Empiricism -- 3. The Universe and the Language Used -- IV. Concepts of The Language of Science -- 1. Names, Descriptions and Statements -- 2. Predicates -- 3. The Classification of Predicates in the Language of Science: Qualitative, Comparative and Quantitative Predicates -- 4. The Classification of Predicates: Empirical, Dispositional and Theoretical Predicates -- 5. Similarity and Identification of Objects -- V. Scientific Explanation -- 1. Problem-Solving Situations and Questions in Science -- 2. The Concepts of ‘Explanation’ and ‘Scientific Explanation’ -- 3. The Typology of Scientific Explanation -- 4. Scientific Laws and Their Evaluation -- 5. Scientific Explanation and Decision-Making -- 6. Explanation and Prediction.
    Abstract: For a decade, we have admired the incisive and broadly informed works of Ladislav Tondl on the foundations of science. Now it is indeed a pleasure to include this book among the Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. We hope that it will help to deepen the collaborative scholar­ ship of scientists and philosophers in Czechoslovakia with the English­ reading scholars of the world. Professor Ladislav Tondl was born in 1924, and completed his higher education at the Charles University iIi Prague. His doctorate was granted by the Institute of Information Theory and Automation. He was a professor and scientific research worker at the Institute for the Theory and Methodology of Science, which was a component part of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. Tondl's principal fields of interest are the methodology of the empirical and experimental sciences, logical semantics, and cybernetics. For many years, he collaborated with Professor Albert Perez and others at the Institute of Information Theory and Automation in Prague, and he has undertaken fruitful collaboration with logicians in the Soviet and Polish schools, and been influenced by the Finnish logicians as well, among them Jaakko Hintikka. We list below a selection of his main publications. Perhaps the most accessible in presenting his central conception of the relationship between modem information theory and the methodology of the sciences is his 1965 paper with Perez, 'On the Role of Information Theory in Certain Scientific Procedures'.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2916-2
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    Pierre Nicole, Jansenist and Humanist : A Study of His Thought (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401027847
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (198p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas 1
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D'Histoire Des Idées Minor 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, Ancient.
    Abstract: 1 - Grace, Freedom and Power -- Ch. 1 The Argument for General Grace -- Ch. 2 Natural Powers and Adam’s Grace -- Ch. 3 Illumination and Unconscious Thoughts -- 2 - Apologetic -- Ch. 1 The Errors of Pagan Philosophy -- Ch. 2 The Immortality of the Soul -- Ch. 3 The Existence of God. Nicole and Pascal -- Ch. 4 The Existence of God. Nicole and Descartes -- Ch. 5 Miracles. Conclusion -- 3 - The Problem of Mysticism -- Ch. 1 Method in Prayer -- Ch. 2 Forms of Contemplation -- Ch. 3 Sécheresse and abandon -- 4 - Moral Doctrines -- Ch. 1 Faith and Works -- Ch. 2 The two Loves -- Ch. 3 ‘Know Thyself’ -- Ch. 4 Conclusion - Reason and the Good Life -- 5 - Social and Political Theory -- Ch. 1 The Moral Basis of Authority -- Ch. 2 The Moral Basis of Society and its Laws -- Conclusion -- Appendix The Authorship of la logique.
    Abstract: The present study had its origins long ago in a doctorate thesis presented at the University of Cambridge. The work has been considerably enlarged in scope, if not in bulk, but has always been conceived as a whole. Nicole's thought is, in any case, remarkably coherent. I make use of articles of mine published in French Studies for April 1960 and July 1967, and my thanks are due to the General Editor of that journal for permission to do so. lowe a great debt of gratitude to Dr M. G. Wallas, who guided my researches in the early years. The penetration and lucidity of her criticism were equalled only by her kindness and patience. To Mr N. J. Abercrom­ bie, who had himself worked on Nicole for a number of years, I am deeply grateful for the gift of books, notes and analyses. Probably every section of this study owes something to his work, hints of the importance of the influence on Nicole of St Fran~ois de Sales proving particularly fruitful. One of the most pleasant moments in the course of my researches was spent at the Rijksarchief in Utrecht, to the staff of which, and to Dr AJ. van de Yen, Keeper of the Archives of the Oud-Bisschoppelijke Clerezij, I am much indebted for their kind help. May 1971 E. D. J.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2784-7
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    Law and Apocalypse: The Moral Thought of Luis De León (1527?-1591) (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401027335
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 44
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 44
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: I Introduction -- II Christian Hebraism: Its Thomistic Bases and Its Presence in Luis de León -- III Domingo Soto’s Definition of Fus Gentium, Fray Luis de León’s De Legibus, and the Law of the Decalog -- IV Fray Luis’ Social Theory -- V Morality and National Destiny in Fray Luis.
    Abstract: This book has two purposes. The first is clearly historical, the second is more philosophical and interpretive. Its success in the former will be less arguable than its attainment of the latter. The contribution to the history of Spanish letters consists in critically establishing the fact that the sources of Fray Luis de Le6n's moral and spiritual thought are Hebraic and that he can be seen to stand as one in a long line of Christian Hebraists, both scholastic and humanist. His philosophical views are cast in an Hebraic tradition, not in an Hellenic one as supposed by nearly every other commentator. I have stressed the presence of a living Hebrew culture in Spain after 1492, and I have suggested that this and the Jewish parentage of Fray Luis are very significant. I have also identified an intellectual debt Fray Luis owed to non-Jewish Orientalists such as Egidio da Viterbo and Girolamo Seripando. But, even they learned from exiled Spaniards. I want to present Fray Luis as a most characteristic thinker in the world of Baroque Spain. I think most will agree with the picture I have outlined. The more audacious aspect is my wish to show the importance of the Jewish heritage as found in the literary and philosophical production of this remarkable genius. It is, of course, my contention that today know­ ledge about Fray Luis and what he stood for is extraordinarily important.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2733-5
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    The Later Husserl and the Idea of Phenomenology : Idealism-Realism, Historicity and Nature Papers and Debate of the International Phenomenological Conference Held at the University of Waterloo, Canada, April 9-14, 1969 (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401028820
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (381p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Phenomenology ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Inaugural Lecture -- Phenomenology Reflects upon Itself. II: The Ideal of the Universal Science: the Original Project of Husserl Reinterpreted with Reference to the Acquisitions of Phenomenology and the Progress of Contemporary Science. -- Address (Professor Klibansky on April 10, 1969) -- I/The Later Husserl -- What is New in Husserl’s ‘Crisis’ -- Ingarden’s Criticism of Husserl -- On Understanding Idea and Essence in Husserl and Ingarden -- Discussion -- Phenomenologico-Psychological and Transcendental Reductions in Husserl’s ‘Crisis’ -- Constitutive Phenomenology and Intentional Objects -- Hyletic Data -- Discussion -- The Material Apriori and the Foundation for its Analysis in Husserl -- The Actual State of the Work on Husserl’s Inedita: Achievements and Projects -- Discussion -- II/Phenomenology and Hermeneutics -- The Science of the Life-World -- The Sciences of Man and the Theory of Husserl’s Two Attitudes -- Repetition in Gadamer’s hermeneutics -- Ingarden on Language and Ontology (A Comparison with some Trends in Analytic Philosophy) -- Discussion -- III /Phenomenology and Natural Science -- Edmund Husserl’s Phenomenology as Foundation of Natural Science -- Towards a Developmental Phenomenology: Transcendental-Ego and Body-Ego -- Body, Consciousness, and Violence -- The Concept of Horizon -- Intentionality and Transcendence: On the Constitution of Material Nature -- Discussion -- Complementary Essays -- A Note on the Doctrine of Noetic-Noematic Correlation -- The Meaning of Husserl’s Idealism in the Light of His Development -- Life-World Constitution of Propositional Logic and Elementary Predicate Logic -- Annex -- Roman Ingarden’s Letter to Edmund Husserl.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2882-0
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    The Speech of Yugoslav Immigrants in San Pedro, California (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401027533
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Publications of the Resèarch Group for European Migration Problems 17
    Series Statement: Research Group for European Migration Problems 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics
    Abstract: I — Yugoslav Immigration to America 1007A -- II — Survey of Bilingualism, Linguistic Problems and Previous Studies -- III — Analysis of Interference -- IV — Informant Sketches -- Informant Chart -- Concluding Remarks.
    Abstract: This study represents but the initial phase of a multidisciplinary endeavor sponsored by the Russian and East European Studies Center of the University of California, Los Angeles, the ultimate goal of which is to provide a comprehensive description and analysis of the cultural, linguistic, economic and social integration of the Slavs living in California into American society. As the first step of this planned cross-disciplinary investigation, the Center recommended the implementation of a preliminary study of a limited scope, the present linguistic investigation of the Yugoslav community of San Pedro, California. As there is a dearth of information of a sociological as well as a linguistic nature pertaining to the local Slavs, the investigators decided to treat briefly the sociological situation of Yugoslav immigrants and then proceed with a more detailed discussion of the linguistic problems of immigrant bilingualism. Consequently, we have divided the present study into the following major chapters : Chapter I, the Yugoslav Immigration to America, not only examines the several phases of Yugoslav immigration to the United States, but also discusses the various motives which prompted people to immigrate to this country and especially to the small maritime community of San Pedro; against this background the investigators describe the Yugoslav ethnic minority and its contributions to the San Pedro community.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2753-3
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  • 148
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    Individual Orientation in Education (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401024181
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Plan Europe 2000, Project 1: Educating Man for the 21st Century 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Educational psychology.
    Abstract: I. The Accumulation of Scientific and Technical Knowledge -- II. Technological and Economic Development and Change -- III. The Evolution of Some Sociological and Biological Factors Determining Individual Orientation -- IV. Resources and Aims of Education in the Future -- V. A Summary of Future Trends in Educational Orientation -- Biographical Notes.
    Abstract: When considering future trends in educational and vocational orientation we must constantly bear in mind, in as concrete a way as possible, that schools form an integral part of society as a whole. To point out that education and society are inseparable concepts has of course become almost a ritual statement in the majority of studies of future developments in education. All too often however "society" becomes an allegorical figure to which characteristics can be attributed varying with the tradition of thought adhered to by each writer. This figure is given a part to play in the plot which we are trying to unravel, but it remains allegorical. The theatre is furthermore closed to the public. Teachers and taught, pedagogic experts and philosophers of education, are alone together and share the functions of author, actors, producer, audience, and critics. To seek a better future for education is to try to improve the quality of a performance given in camera, to give each character a role which is most satisfying to the mind and above all to the emotions and in which the most noble sentiments can be expressed in the cause of the highest ideals. The theatri­ cal and gratuitous nature of university life, and lyrical statements about the future of the universities, were characteristic aspects of traditional frameworks.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2418-1
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  • 149
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    Perspektiven transzendentalphänomenologischer Forschung : Für Ludwig Landgrebe zum 70. Geburtstag von seinen Kölner Schülern (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401028134
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (306p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Publiée sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives Husserl 49
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 49
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: I. Zum Programm der Phänomenologie Husserls -- Das Problem der Intersubjektivität und die Idee einer phänomenologischen Transzendentalphilosophie -- Zum Teleologiebegriff in der Phänomenologie Husserls -- Zweideutigkeiten in Husserls Lebenswelt-Begriff -- Transzendentalphänomenologischer Rationalismus -- Phenomenology of Reason -- II. Zur neueren Wissenschaftstheorie -- Ontologie, Wissenschaftstheorie und Geschichte im Spätwerk Husserls -- Zeitlichkeit und Protologik -- Gegenwart und Handlung. Eine sprachanalytisch-phäno- menologische Untersuchung -- Das Problem der Denkökonomie bei Husserl und Mach -- III. Zum Verhältnis von Phänomenologie und Literarästhetik -- Die Funktion der schematisierten Ansicht im literarischen Kunstwerk (nach Roman Ingarden). Problemkritik der Alternative Darstellungs- oder Wirkungsästhetik -- Phänomenologische und poetische Zeit. Zum Verhältnis von Philosophie und Dichtung.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2813-4
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    The Edges of Augustanism : The Aesthetics of Spirituality in Thomas Ken, John Byrom and William Law (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401028196
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d’Histoire des Idees 53
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: One — Ken -- 1. The Critical Heritage -- 2. The Religious Background -- 3. The Aesthetics of Infinity -- 4. Neoclassicism -- 5. The Metaphysical Tradition -- 6. Poetic Diction -- Two — Byrom and Law -- 7. Light and Enlightenment -- 8. Deism and Modernism -- 9. From Quietism to Evangelicalism -- 10. Theological Renewal -- 11. Nature and Enthusiasm -- 12. Psychology and Aesthetics -- Conclusion -- Appendices.
    Abstract: It has recently been argued that the 18th century can no longer be 1 seen as gripped in the strait-jacket of Augustanism and Neoclassicism. Such labels are seen as doing less than justice to the rich variety of individual talents and intellectual trends which collectively constitute 18th century culture. While welcoming the interment of the long­ standing myth of the peace of the Augustans, there seems little point in placing an interdict on labels which, willy-nilly, have stuck. In economic, social and ecclesiastical terms there is an age between 1689 and 1789 whose homogeneity is reflected in its cultural products. There is a mainstream which the strength and variety of counter­ currents and cross-currents corroborate rather than disintegrate. It is the purpose of this study to reveal some aspects of this mainstream by examining certain cross-currents which overlap its edges. Hence the choice of Thomas Ken (1637-1711), John Byrom (1692-1763) and William Law (1686-1761).
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2819-6
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    The Effects of Emigration from Yugoslavia and the Problems of Returning Emigrant Workers (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401028097
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: European Demographic Monographs 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2809-7
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    Brain Drain/Auszug des Geistes/ Exode des Cerveaux : A Selected Bibliography on Temporary and Permanent Migration of Skilled Workers and High-Level Manpower, 1967-1972 (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401028455
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (78p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: European Demographic Monographs 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law.
    Abstract: 1 Authors 001–261 -- 2 Articles in periodicals, papers, pamphlets 262–372 -- Indexes.
    Abstract: In 1967 S. Dedijer and L. Svennigson published their famous bibliography Brain Drain and Brain Gain, (Lund, 1968, index of authors, countries and regions). It contained 415 items from 40 countries and appeared at a time when the debate about the ad­ vantages and disadvantages of the brain drain was at its most intense. But the brain drain is still not a thing of the past - certain­ ly not for Europe. The European countries and those of the rest of the world are in different stages of transition. Industrialization has generally been associated, on the one hand with ever more rapid forms of trans­ portation and other forms of communication, a long-range rise in the per capita income, the exodus from the countryside to the cities and an enormous urbanization process, and the demand for improved social and economic security, on the other. But these characteristics tend to be more relative than absolute. It is not possible to make a distinct division between developed nations, and countries in various stages of development. All countries are constantly undergoing change and are in transition with respect to development. The constant migration of skilled workers and es­ pecially the search for better training and working conditions on the part of academically trained people is inseparable from this process of transition - i. e. from the phenomenon of long-range. permanent change. Fortunately this is not as deplorable as some observers would make it appear to be.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2845-5
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  • 153
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    Theonome Anthropologie? : Max Schelers Menschenbild und Seine Grenzen (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401027380
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (328p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Publiée sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives Husserl 45
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 45
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Sociology. ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Zum geistigen profil Max Schelers -- § 1. Scheler und die philosophisch-theologische Tradition -- § 2. Grundsätzliches zu Schelers Verarbeitung christlich-theologischen Gedankenguts -- § 3. Einheitlichkeit und „Phasen“ im Denken Schelers -- I. Kapitel. Die liebende Wesensschau als Weg zur Philosophischen Idee vom Menschen -- § 1. Philosophieren als Teilhabe und Teilnahme an einem überweltlichen ,,Reich“ -- § 2. Die Phänomenologie als Methode der Entweltlichung zur reinen Erkenntnis -- § 3. Die reine Liebe als Urakt der Teilnahme am Wesenreich -- II. Kapitel. Philosophische Anthropologie: Der Theomorphismus des Menschen -- § 1. Die theomorphe Wesensbestimmung des Menschen -- § 2. Die anthropologische Grundkategorie der Personalität -- § 3. Die Gesamtperson und das Prinzip der sittlichen Solidarität -- III. Kapitel. Metanthropologie: Der Anthropomorphismus Gottes -- § 1. Die anthropologische Wende -- § 2. Der anthropologische Dualismus -- § 3. Der Mensch als Mikrotheos und das dynamisch-dualistische Gottesbild -- IV. Kapitel. Schelers Ansätze zu Einer Phänomenologischen Anthropologie -- § 1. Erscheinungsbild und Verhaltensstruktur des ,,homo naturalis“ -- § 2. Die Grundakte des Geistes -- V. Kapitel. Rückblick und Weiterführung. Möglichkeiten und Dimensionen -- § 1. Der Zugang zur Wirklichkeit des Menschen. Zur Methode der philosophischen Anthropologie -- § 2. Die Person „in ethischen Zusammenhängen“ -- § 3. Philosophische Weltanschauung -- Personenverzeichnis -- Sachindex.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2738-0
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    Post and Courier Service in the Diplomacy of Early Modern Europe (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401028479
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Jensen, De Lamar [Rezension von: Allen, E. John B., Post and Courier Service in the Diplomacy of Early Modern Europe] 1974
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas, Series Minor 3
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D'Histoire Des Idées Minor 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: History
    Abstract: I. Introduction: Early Modern Diplomacy and the Royal Post and Courier Service to 1598 -- France -- Spain -- England -- Conclusion -- II. The Diplomatic Courier: Some Generalizations -- Aspects of courier travel -- Courier qualifications -- The courier’s load -- Regularity of service -- Conclusion -- III. Courier Finances -- IV. Routes and Travel Conditions -- England -- Continent -- Roads -- Passport -- Health certificate -- Posting inns -- Horses -- Conclusion -- V. French Diplomatic Couriers -- Couriers to England -- Couriers to Spain -- Couriers to Rome -- Couriers to Venice and Constantinople -- Couriers to Low Countries -- Conclusion -- VI. Spanish Diplomatic Couriers -- Madrid-Vienna couriers -- Spanish couriers in France -- Madrid-Brussels couriers -- Madrid-London couriers -- Madrid-Rome couriers -- Conclusion -- VII. English Diplomatic Couriers -- I: English Diplomatic Couriers -- II: John Wells -- VIII. Conclusion: Post and Courier Service in Early Modern European Foreign Policy -- Appendix I: Diplomatic Couriers 1559–1598 -- Appendix II: Departures of the Venice “Ordinary” as Recorded by French Ambassador Hurault de Maisse -- Appendix III: Ordonnance du Roi Touchant les Postes 29 Mai 1560 -- Appendix IV: Mémoire pour le Faict des Couriers Ord.res d’Espagne pour l’Italie passans par la France -- Appendix V: Certificat d’André De Salazar Touchant un Courier Tué près de Poictiers, et ses Dépesches.
    Abstract: Diplomatic negotiation of our day is a curious mix of national endeavor within the bloc concept. The remnants of our nineteenth century nation­ alism struggles - half willingly - with the power that a larger continental or ideological bloc might bring. In the sixteenth century men knew that the protective bloc of Christendom would not provide peace, yet they were not sure that the new national states would secure it either. We have much to gain from a study of diplomatic procedures and institutions in such a transitional period. This monograph is based upon the great collections of published diplomatic correspondence of England, France, and Spain and, thanks to the generosity of Dr. De Lamar Jensen, I have been fortunate in having at my disposal his hoard of microfilmed letters and dispatches of the leading ambassadors of the sixteenth century. Of course, I have not read all the diplomatic correspondence, but I believe I have culled sufficient information to show and analyze the role played by the post and courier service in the diplomacy of Early Modem Europe.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2847-9
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    Bibliography of the Philosophy in the Iberian Colonies of America (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401027434
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 51
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 51
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: Catalogue of Manuscripts and Printed Works on Philosophy from the Colonial Period in Latin America -- Philosophical Works from Colonial Latin America -- Anonymous Works -- Appendix of some Colonial Philosophical Works which have become lost -- Bibliography of the Secondary Literature concerning the Philosophy of the Colonial Period of Latin America.
    Abstract: ORIGIN OF THE PROJECT In Spring of 1968 a research project concerning the scholastic philosophy in the Iberian Colonies of America was submitted to the Institute of Latin American Studies in the University of Texas by Dr. Ignacio Angelelli, of the Department of Philosophy of the same University. I should like to quote some relevant passages from the proposal by way of historical back­ ground. In the last decade, leading philosophical historiography has become more and more interested in the "minor" figures and the "traditional" schools which flourished between 1500 and 1800. Historians of philosophy are interested not only in men like Descartes and Kant, but also in the less brilliant and more "conservative" authors. It is also interesting to note in this regard that the late Professor P. Wilpert (Cologne), editor of the new edition of Ueberweg, intended to divide the section on the Neuzeit into two volumes, one for the major figures and the other for the exponents of the various forms of scholasticism of the period 1500-1800. One of these conservative philosophical movements is what has been called the seconda scolastica, which developed in Catholic countries and particularly in Spain and Portugal. Naturally, this "traditional" thought in Europe after 1500 was bound to have an impact on the Spanish and Portuguese Colonies. Indeed, the amount of scholastic philosophy taught in the American Colonies between 1530 and 1800 is impressive. This fact has not yet been acknowledged by international historiography.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2743-4
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  • 156
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    Social Sciences in Management : An Environmental View (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401027946
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (117p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Social Life XVI 16
    Series Statement: Studies of Social Life 16
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: History
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- General Introduction -- Statement of the Problem -- Methodology of Research -- Scope and Limits of the Study -- Definitions of Important Terms and Concepts -- Hypotheses of the Study -- Overview of the Book. -- II. Synthesizing Social Sciences -- Models of Organizational Systems -- Organizational Models: Overview -- Models of Environmental Systems -- Environmental Models: Overview -- Summary. -- III. Social Sciences Integration Model -- Preliminary Observations -- Action-Orientation of the Model -- Ecological Variables -- Socio-Economic Variables -- Institutional Variables -- Technological Variables -- Summary. -- IV. Social Sciences Integration in the Future -- Preliminary Observations -- Directions in the Future Environment -- Growth of Computerization in Newer Application -- Growth of Professional Fluidity -- Growth of Social Involvement -- Growth of Global Integration -- Action-Orientation of the Model -- Summary. -- V. Summary and Conclusion -- Environmental Adjustment -- Environmental Structure -- Inter-Disciplinary Approach -- Social Productivity and Profitability -- Human, Technological, and Organizational Considerations -- Dimensions of Futurity -- User Reference of the Proposed Model -- VI. Social Sciences Integration Model Deployment - A Hypothetical Case Study -- Methodology of Research -- Brief Description of the Company, Its Organization, and Industry -- Analysis of the Environment Interacting with the Firm -- The Dilemma -- Alternatives Suggested in the Corporate Meetings -- The Actual Development of the Model Scheme in the Company’s Operations -- Critical Analysis of the Operations -- The Final Outcome as Judged by Results -- Guidelines from the Case Analysis for Future Policy -- Conclusion. -- VII. Annotated Bibliography -- Author Index.
    Abstract: The study of environment in the administrative management con­ text is of a relatively recent vintage. It owes much to the comparative emphasis upon the applications of social disciplines within the organ­ ization's framework. It derives much from the modem perspectives of a total managerial strategy unrestricted by the limited internal firm situations. Basically, environmental studies have contributed to the incorporation of an extra-business and profit dimension in the mana­ gerial functions. Much has already been written about social sciences and their behavioral utility for rational administration. After several years of teaching and consulting activities focusing on this subject, I was quite convinced, however, that an "Environmental Interaction" approach could contribute to the effectiveness of both the practicing manager and the preaching academician in their persuasive efforts to apply environmental outlook in everyday business decisions and functions. This is the basic rationale for this book. I am grateful to a number of people who have contributed to the direct and indirect preparation of this research study. Dean John C.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2794-6
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  • 157
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    On the Compositional Nature of the Aspects (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401724784
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 186 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Foundations of Language, Supplementary Series 15
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics
    Abstract: I. Aspects as Semantic Primitives -- II. Aspects as Compound Categories -- III. The Upper Bound of the Aspects.
    Abstract: This book is a thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts of the University of Utrecht. It was prepared under the supervision of Prof. Dr. H. Schultink. I would like to express my gratitude to him for his criticisms of earlier versions which led to many improvements, in particular with respect to the exposition of the argument. To my co-referent Dirk van Dalen, reader in the Department of Philo­ sophy (,Centrale Interfaculteit') of the University of Utrecht, I am greatly indebted for his valuable and fruitful suggestions about problems relevant to both linguistics and logic. Several ideas developed in this study owe their present concrete form to our many discussions. This thesis originates in syntactic research into the Aspects carried out in 1967 under the supervision of Albert Kraak, professor at the University of Nijmegen, who ever since gave much attention to my work in progress. I am very grateful to him for his careful and stimulating criticism as well as for the continuous support he gave me during these years. The present study closely relates to the work of my colleague Wim Klooster with regard to both its theoretical framework and its subject matter. Our joint work on the measurement of duration in Dutch is an integral part of the argument. I have greatly profited from the numerous discussions we have had.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2478-4
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  • 158
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    The Structure Underlying Measure Phrase Sentences (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401028905
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (259p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Foundation of Language, Supplementary Series 17
    Series Statement: Foundations of Language Supplementary Series 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Abstract: I. Measure Phrase Sentences; Some Observations -- 1. Introductory Remarks -- 2. Measure Phrases -- 3. Parameter Adjectives and Measure Adjectives -- 4. Semicopulas -- II. The Structure Underlying Simple MP Sentences -- 1. Reduction in Simple MP Sentences -- 2. Similarities in the Behaviour of Simple MP Sentences -- 3. Possible Underlying Structures of Simple MP Sentences -- 4. Arguments for an Underlying WITH String -- 5. Recapitulation -- III. The Derivation of MP Sentences -- 1. Lexical Entries and Lexical Rules -- 2. When Does Reduction Occur? -- 3. A Non-Existent Neutral Parameter Adjective -- 4. Treating ‘Zijn’ as an Affix -- 5. Base Rules and Entries -- 6. The Transformational Derivation of MP Sentences -- 7. The Derivation of Measure Phrases -- IV. Duration Sentences -- 1. ‘Duren’ -- V. Epilogue.
    Abstract: I should like to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Professor H. Schultink, whose criticisms and careful reading helped me to improve considerably upon the clarity of exposition while I wrote this study, and whose seemingly innocent requests to elaborate confronted me time and again with the need of revising or abandoning ideas I thought stood on firm ground. His support, and Dr. M. C. van den Toom's gratefully acknowl­ edged willingness to read and evaluate the manuscript enabled me to present this work as a thesis in the University of Utrecht. In more than one way, lowe a debt to Albert Kraak, Professor of Linguistics in the University of Nijmegen. His inspiring enthusiasm awakened my interest in linguistics when I was a student of his. He in­ troduced me to transformational grammar at a time when it seemed almost improper to talk about it, and the stimulating experience of writing a book on Dutch syntax together with him taught me invaluable lessons. I should also like to thank my friend and colleague Henk Verkuyl, to­ gether with whom I prepared an article on the subject of measuring duration in Dutch. Without our stimulating discussions on the subject, the fourth chapter of this study could never have been written in the present form. I am also indebted to him for criticisms and helpful suggestions. At an early stage I profited greatly from discussions with Pieter A. M.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2890-5
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  • 159
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    Phänomenologie Heute : Festschrift für Ludwig Landgrebe (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401028387
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Publiée Sous Le Patronage Des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 51
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 51
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: Laudatio für Ludwig Landgrebe und Eugen Fink -- The Goal of a Complete Philosophy of Experience -- Phenomenology: A Break-Through to a New Intuitionism -- Reflexionen zur Lebenswelt-Thematik -- Über das „Bekannte“ oder nachdenkliches zum Problem der Vorstruktur -- Weltbezug und Seinsverständnis -- On the Systematic Unity of the Sciences -- Zur ältesten Systematik der Seelenlehre -- Das Ethos der Demokratie (Thukydides: Die Grabrede des Perikles) -- Zur mythologischen Rationalität der Praxis -- Das Problem der Geschichte bei Husserl, Hegel und Marx -- Phänomenologie und Pädagogik.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2838-7
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  • 160
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    Tyssot De Patot and His Work 1655 - 1738 (1972)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401027557
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (243p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des IdÉEs / International Archives of the History of Ideas 47
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 47
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: I. The Life -- II. Tyssot’s Personality -- III. What Tyssot Read -- IV. The Formation and Development of Tyssot’s Ideas -- V. The First Publication -- VI. The Publication of Jaques Massé -- VII. The Story of Jaques Massé -- VIII. Jaques Massé as Literature -- IX. The Voyage de Groenland -- X. The Voyage de Groenland as Literature -- XI. The Discourse on Chronology -- XII. The Œuvres poétiques -- Conclusion -- Appendix A. Extracts from the Tyssot family genealogy -- B. Notice de Jean Tijssot de la famille de Patot -- C. Extracts from the Rumpf family genealogy -- D. A guide to the chronology of the Lettres choisies -- E. List, according to title-page, of libraries holding editions dated 1710 of Voyages et avantures de Jaques Massé -- F. List of libraries holding editions of Jaques Massé not dated 1710 -- G. List of libraries holding works other than Jaques Massé -- Archives.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2755-7
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  • 161
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    What I Do Not Believe, and Other Essays (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401031080
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (412p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 38
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 38
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I / Philosophy of Science -- I. A Picture Theory of Theory-Meaning -- II. On Elementary Particle Theory -- III. Some Philosophical Aspects of Contemporary Cosmologies -- IV. Stability Proofs and Consistency Proofs: A Loose Analogy -- II / History of Science -- V. Leverrier: The Zenith and Nadir of Newtonian Mechanics -- VI. The Contributions of Other Disciplines to 19th Century Physics -- III / General Philosophy -- VII. On Being in Two Places at Once -- VIII. Copernicus’ Rôle in Kant’s Revolution -- IX. It’s Actual, so It’s Possible -- X. On Having the Same Visual Experiences -- XI. Mental Events Yet Again: Retrospect on Some Old Arguments -- IV / Logic -- XII. Imagining the Impossible -- XIII. On the Impossibility of Any Future Metaphysics -- XIV. Good Inductive Reasons -- XV. A Budget of Cross-Type Inferences, or Invention is the Mother of Necessity -- XVI. The Irrelevance of History of Science to Philosophy of Science -- XVII. The Idea of a Logic of Discovery -- V / Religion -- XVIII. The Agnostic’s Dilemma -- XIX. What I Don’t Believe -- VI / The Theory Of Flight -- Introduction, by Edward MacKinnon, S.J. -- XX. Lecture One: The Discovery of Air -- XXI. Lecture Two: The Shape of An Idea -- XXII. Lecture Three: The Idea of a Shape.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3108-0
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  • 162
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    Bergson and Modern Physics : A Reinterpretation and Re-evaluation (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401030960
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (440p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 7
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: I. Bergson’s Biological Theory of Knowledge -- 1. The Classical Biological Theory of Knowledge: Herbert Spencer -- 2. The Intermediate Stage: Helmholtz, Mach and Poincaré -- 3. Bergson’s Amendment of the Classical Biological Theory of Knowledge -- 4. Why Mechanical-Pictorial Models Failed -- 5. The Contrast Between Technical Control and Intellectual Insight: The Persistent Influence of Macroscopic Imagery -- 6. Limitations of Panmathematism -- 7. Negative aspects of Bergson’s Epistemology — Its Relations to Bachelard, Bridgman and Empirio-Criticism -- 8. Bergson, Reichenbach and Piaget -- 9. Logic of Solid Bodies from Plato to Quine -- II. Bergson’s Theory of Duration -- 1. The Meaning of Immediacy -- 2. Content of the Bergsonian Intuition -- 3. The Dynamic Continuity of Duration -- 4. The Incompleteness of Duration: Novelty and its Denials -- 5. Superfluity of Succession in the Deterministic Schemes -- 6. The Leibniz-Fouillé Argument for the Compatibility of Succession and Determinism -- 7. The Heterogeneity of Duration: Lovejoy-Ushenko’s Objections -- 8. The Deeper Meaning of the ‘Indivisible Heterogeneity’ of Duration -- 9. The Unreality of Durationless Instants: Becoming Not MatheMatically Continuous -- 10. The Inadequacy of the Atomistic Theory of Time -- 11. The Unity and Multiplicity of Duration: Bergson, Russell and Brouwer -- 12. Immortality of the Past: Bergson and Whitehead -- 13. James’s and Bergson’s Views of the Past Compared -- 14. The Irreversibility of Duration: The Comments of Royce and Ingarden -- 15. Duration as Concrete Universal. Bergson and Croce -- 16. An Outline of Bergon’s Philosophy of Mathematics -- III. Bergson’s Theory of the Physical World and its Relations to Contemporary Physics -- 1. The Reality of Duration in the Physical World and its Implications -- 2. Different Degrees of Temporal Span. Microcosmos as Micro-chronos -- 3. Two Fundamental Questions -- 4. The Rejection of the Cartesian Dogma of the Completely Extensionless Mind -- 5. The Correlation of Different Temporal Rhythms with Different Degrees of Extension -- 6. Juxtaposition as the Ideal Limit of Distended Duration -- 7. The Negation of Instantaneous Space in the Relativistic Physics -- 8. Bergson and Einstein. The Physical World as Extensive Becoming -- 9. Limitations and Usefulness of the Corpuscular Models -- 10. Change without Vehicle and Container. Fallacy of Simple Location -- 11. Limits of the Criticism of Simple Location: Contemporary Independence -- 12. The Indeterminacy of Microphysical Events. Bergson and Boutroux -- 13. Bergson and Louis De Broglie -- 14. Physical Events as Proto-Mental Entities. Bergson, White-head and Bohm -- 15 The Significance and the Limitations of Auditory Models. Bergson and Strawson -- 16. Concluding Remarks: the World of Laplace and the World of Bergson -- Appendix I. Russell’s Hidden Bergsonism -- Appendix II. Microphysical Indeterminacy and Free-Dom. Bergson and Peirce -- Appendix III. Bergson’s Thoughts on Entropy and Cosmogony -- Additional Selected Bibliography -- Extract from Bergson’s Letter -- Index of Names and Subjects.
    Abstract: Milic Capek has devoted his scholarship to the history and philosophy of modern physics. With impeccable care, he has mastered the epistemologi­ cal and scientific developments by working through the papers, treatises, correspondence of physicists since Kant, and likewise he has put his learning and critical skill into the related philosophical literature. Coming from his original scientific career with a philosophy doctorate from the Charles University in Prague, Capek has ranged beyond a narrowly defined philosophy of physics into general epistemology of the natural sciences and to the full historical evolution of these matters. He has ex­ pounded his views on these matters in a number of articles and, systema­ tically, in his book The Philosophical Impact of Contemporary PhYSiCS, published in 1961 and reprinted with two new appendices in 1969. His particular gift for many of his readers and students lies in the great period from the mid-nineteenth century through the foundations of the physics and philosophy of the twentieth, and within this spectacular time, Profes­ sor Capek has become a principal expositor and sympathetic critic of the philosophy of Henri Bergson. He joins a distinguished group of scholars -physicists and philosophers -who have been stimulated to some of their most profound and imaginative thought by Bergson's metaphysical and psychological work: Cassirer, Meyerson, de Broglie, Metz, Jankelevitch, Zawirski, and in recent years, Costa de Beauregard, Watanabe, Blanche, and others.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3096-0
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  • 163
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    Linear Programming (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401094627
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 89 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Library of Mathematics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: One: Convex Sets -- 1. Convex hulls, polytopes and vertices -- 2. Basic solutions of equations -- 3. Theorem of the separating hyperplane -- 4. Alternative solutions of linear inequalities 10 Exercises -- Two: The Theory of Linear Programming -- 1. Examples and classes of linear programmes -- 2. Fundamental duality theorem -- 3. Equilibrium theorems -- 4. Basic optimal vectors -- 5. Graphical method of solution -- Exercises -- Three: The Transportation Problem -- 1. Formulation of problem and dual -- 2. Theorems concerning optimal solutions -- 3. Method of solution with modifications for degeneracy -- 4. Other problems of transportation type -- Exercises -- Four: The Simplex Method -- 1. Preliminary discussion and rules -- 2. Theory of the simplex method -- 3. Further techniques and extensions -- Exercises -- Five: Game Theory -- 1. Two-person zero-sum games -- 2. Solution of games: saddle points -- 3. Solution of games: mixed strategies -- 4. Dominated and essential strategies -- 5. Minimax theorem -- 6. Solution of matrix games by simplex method -- Exercises -- Suggestions for Further Reading -- Solutions to Exercises.
    Abstract: Linear programming is a relatively modern branch of Mathe­ matics, which is a result of the more scientific approach to management and planning of the post-war era. The purpose of this book is to present a mathematical theory of the subject, whilst emphasising the applications and the techniques of solution. An introduction to the theory of games is given in chapter five and the relationship between matrix games and linear programmes is established. The book assumes that the reader is familiar with matrix algebra and the background knowledge required is covered in the book, Linear Equations by P.M. Cohn, of this series. In fact the notation used in this text conforms with that intro­ duced by Cohn. The book is based on a course of about 18 lectures given to Mathematics and Physics undergraduates. Several examples are worked out in the text and each chapter is followed by a set of examples. I am grateful to my husband for many valuable suggestions and advice, and also to Professor W. Ledermann, for encourag­ ing me to write this book.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-9462-7
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  • 164
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    PSA 1970 : In Memory of Rudolf Carnap Proceedings of the 1970 Biennial Meeting Philosophy of Science Association (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401031424
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 8
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 8
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Symposium: Theoretical Entities in Statistical Explanation -- Theoretical Entities in Statistical Explanation -- Explanation and Relevance: Comments on James G. Greeno’s ‘Theoretical Entities in Statistical Explanation’ -- Remarks on Explanatory Power -- Symposium: Capacities and Natures -- Capacities and Natures -- Capacities and Natures: An Exercise in Ontology -- Fisk on Capacities and Natures -- Symposium: History of Science and its Rational Reconstruction -- History of Science and Its Rational Reconstructions -- Notes on Lakatos -- Research Programmes and Induction -- Can We Use the History of Science to Decide Between Competing Methodologies? -- Inter-Theoretic Criticism and the Growth of Science -- Replies to Critics -- Contributed Papers -- I. Observation -- Observation -- Feyerabend’s Pragmatic Theory of Observation and the Comparability of Alternative Theories -- Observations as the Building Blocks of Science in 20th-Century Scientific Thought -- II. Philosophical Problems of Biology -- Functionalism and the Negative Feedback Model in Biology -- Some Problems with the Concept of ‘Feedback’ -- Articulation of Parts Explanation in Biology and the Rational Search for Them -- III. Equivalence, Analyticity, and In-Principle Confirmability -- Theoretical Realism and Theoretical Equivalence -- Theoretical Analyticity -- The Confirmation Machine -- IV. Probability, Statistics and Acceptance -- Unknown Probabilities, Bayesianism, and de Finetti’s Representation Theorem -- New Dimensions of Confirmation Theory II: The Structure of Uncertainty -- Cost-Benefit vs Expected Utility Acceptance Rules -- Material Conditions on Tests of Statistical Hypotheses -- V. Problems in Quantum Physics; Genetic Epistemology -- Tachyons, Backwards Causation, and Freedom -- The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox Reexamined -- The Significance of Piaget’s Researches on the Psychogenesis of Atomism -- VI. Theoretical Pluralism; Understanding; Methodological Agreement -- Method and Factual Agreement in Science -- VII. Induction and Reduction -- Dispositional Probabilities -- On the Relation of Neurological and Psychological Theories: A Critique of the Hardware Thesis -- ‘Self-supporting’ Inductive Arguments -- VIII. Scientific Theories: Comparison and Change -- Ontological and Terminological Commitment and the Methodological Commensurability of Theories -- Objectivity, Scientific Change, and Self-Reference -- A Logical Empiricist Theory of Scientific Change? -- IX. The Future of Philosophy of Science; Theory in the Social Sciences -- The Structure, Growth and Application of Scientific Knowledge: Reflections on Relevance and the Future of Philosophy of Science -- From Logical Systems to Conceptual Populations -- Two Kinds of Theory in the Social Sciences -- X. Relativity and Congruence -- Einstein and the Lorentz-Poincaré Theory of Relativity -- Competing Radical Translations: Examples, Limitations and Implications -- Is ‘Congruence’ A Peculiar Predicate?.
    Abstract: This book contains the papers presented at the second biennial meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association, held in Boston in Fall, 1970. We have added the paper by Jaakko Hintikka which he was unable to present due to illness, and we have unfortunately not received the paper of Michael Scriven. Otherwise, these proceedings are complete so far as formal presentations. The meeting itself was dedicated to the memory of Rudolf Carnap. This great man and distinguished philosopher had died shortly before. The five talks from the session devoted to recollections of Professor Carnap are printed at the beginning of this book, and they are followed by eight other tributes and memories. We are particularly grateful to Wolfgang Stegmiiller for permitting us to include a translation of his eloge which was broadcast in Germany. The photographs were kindly contributed by Hannah Thost-Carnap. ROGER C. BUCK Department of History and Philosophy of Science, Indiana University ROBER T S. COHEN Boston Center for the Philosophy of Science, Boston University Photograph by Francis Schmidt, 1935 Photograph by Adya, 1962 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE v HOMAGE TO RUDOLF CARNAP XI Herbert Feigl, Carl G. Hempel, Richard C. Jeffrey, W. V. Quine, A. Shimony, Yehoshua Bar-Hillel, Herbert G. Bohnert, Robert S. Cohen, Charles Hartshorne, David Kaplan, Charles Morris, Maria Reichenbach, Wolfgang Stegmiiller SYMPOSIUM: THEORETICAL ENTITIES IN STATISTICAL EXPLANATION JAMES G. GREENO / Theoretical Entities in Statistical Explanation 3 WESLEY C. SALMON / Explanation and Relevance: Comments on James G.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3142-4
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  • 165
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    Studies in Whitehead’s Philosophy (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401181358
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Tulane Studies in Philosophy 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Kant and Whitehead, and the Philosophy of Mathematics -- Whitehead on Symbolic Reference -- The Understanding of the Past -- Causal Efficacy and Continuity In Whitehead’s Philosophy -- Whitehead’s “Actual Occasion” -- The Philosophy of Charles Hartshorne -- The Metaphysics of Whitehead’s Feelings.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-8135-8
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  • 166
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    Vers une nouvelle philosophie transcendantale : La genèse de la philosophie de Maurice Merleau-Ponty jusqu’ à la Phénoménologie de la perception (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401029841
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Publiée Sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 39
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 39
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: Table des Matieres -- Chapitre I Les Annees de Formation -- 1. L’ étudiant -- 2. Les premières publications -- 3. Eloignements et rapprochements -- 4. Le problème fondamental -- Chapitre II La Pensee du Spectateur Etranger -- 1. Le comportement vu du dehors -- 2. La notion de structure -- 3. Vers une pensée purement structurale? -- 4. La notion de conscience (I) -- Chapitre III Entre la Pensee Naturee et la Pensee Naturante -- 1. La position du problème; l’hésitation de Descartes -- 2. L’analyse de l’acte de connaître -- 3. Le sens de l’attitude transcendantale -- 4. La notion de conscience (II) -- 5. Merleau-Ponty en 1938 -- Chapitre IV Vers une Nouvelle Philosophie Transcendantale -- 1. Etudes husserliennes -- 2. Le préjugé fondamental -- 3. Le vrai transcendantal -- 4. Jalons pour une «archéologie» -- Conclusion -- Appendice La Nature de la Perception -- Bibliographie Liste des ouvrages, articles, etc. de Merleau-Ponty -- Liste des ouvrages et des articles cités.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2984-1
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  • 167
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    Proceedings of the Third International Kant Congress : Held at the University of Rochester, March 30-April 4, 1970 (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401030991
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (740p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 4
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: I Papers Presented at Plenary Sessions -- Die Kantliteratur 1965–1969 -- Anhang / Kant-Bibliographie 1965–1969 -- The ‘Analogies’ and After -- Good Conscience, False Consciousness, Judging Reason -- From Kant to Peirce: The Semiotical Transformation of Transcendental Logic -- The Naturalistic Fallacy in Kant -- Kant und das Problem einer wissenschaftlichen Philosophie -- Kant and Anglo-Saxon Criticism -- The Conception of Lawlikeness in Kant’s Philosophy of Science -- Absolute Space and Absolute Motion in Kant’s Critical Philosophy -- On Buchdahl’s and Palter’s Papers -- II Papers Presented at Concurrent Sessions -- Transcendental Affinity — Kant’s Answer to Hume -- Concepts, Objects and the Analytic in Kant -- The Aim of Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason -- Action and Reason; Aristotle vs. Kant -- The Copernican Revolution in Hume and Kant -- La ‘Position’ structurale d’existence -- Non-Pure Synthetic A Priori Judgments in the Critique of Pure Reason -- Kants ‘Ich-denke’ und Nietzsches ‘Wille zur Macht’ -- Kant’s Regulative Ideas and the ‘Objectivity’ of Reason -- Nietzsche’s Use and Abuse of Kant’s Philosophy -- Kant on Duties to, and Duties Regarding, Oneself or Others -- From Plato to Kant: The Problem of Truth -- B 132 Revisited -- Über das Moment der Allgemeingültigkeit des ästhetischen Urteils in Kants Kritik der Uteilskraft -- The Kingdom of Ends -- The Problem of Truth in the Critique of Pure Reason -- Kant’s Theorie des Praktischen -- Maimon’s Criticism of Reinhold’s ‘Satz des Bewusstseins’ -- Kant’s Attitude toward Human Perfection as a Moral Determinant -- Nietzsches Kantkritik und ihre Voraussetzungen -- Extensional and Intensional Interpretation of Synthetic Propositions A Priori -- Kant and Racism -- Kant’s Theory of the Structure of Empirical Scientific Inquiry and Two Implied Postulates Regarding Things in Themselves -- Sprachphilosophische Erwägungen zur Funktion von Signum und Symbolum in Kants kritischer Philosophie -- The Problem of an Ultimate Determining Ground in Kant’s Theory of the Will -- The Meaning of ‘Space’ in Kant -- Kant’s ‘Deduction’ in the Grundlegung -- On Kant, Frege, Analyticity, and the Theory of Reference -- The Unknowability of Things in Themselves -- Die Probleme der Deduktion des kategorischen Imperativs. (Ein Vorbericht) -- Kant’s Theory of Criminal Punishment -- Imagination as the Productive Faculty for ‘Creating Another Nature…’ -- Bemerkungen zu Kants Theorie der Erfahrung -- Noumenal Causality -- Kant and Goethe -- The Restrictive and Proliferative Function of Kant’s Regulative Ideas -- Are Transcendental Deductions Impossible? -- On the Development of Kant’s Transcendental Theology -- The Ptolemaic Counter-Revolution -- Kant’s Thesis about Being Anticipated by Suarez? -- Phenomena and Noumena: On the Use and Meaning of the Categories -- Kant’s Conception of the Autonomous Dual Self -- Wie sind Synthetische Urteile a priori Möglich? -- Kantkritik und Kantrenaissance im Neupositivismus -- Die Struktur der transzendentalen Apperzeption -- Early Reactions to the Publication of Leibniz’ Nouveaux Essais (1765) -- On the Subjectivity of Objective Space -- Kant as Philosophical Anthropologist -- Elements of Practice in Kant’s Reconstruction of Theory -- The Status of Kant’s Theory of Matter -- On Kant and the Refutation of Subjectivism -- Kant and Hobbes Concerning the Foundations of Political Philosophy -- Kant on False Promises -- III Contributions from the Kant-Archiv, Bonn -- The ‘Allgemeiner Kantindex’. (Abstract) -- The Kant Index. An Experiment in Modern Lexicographical Methods. Its Development and Present State -- Applications of Information Theory to the Analysis and Interpretation of Kantian Texts -- The Automatic Construction of a Theme Index -- Considerations on the Production of an Intrinsic Lexicon -- Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason and Trivial Literature. A Comparison of ‘Open Texts’ -- On the Examination of Forms of Statement and Argument in Kant’s Language -- On Genitive Sequences in Kant and Their Automatic Recognition -- Results of the Work on Kant’s Index of Persons -- Kant’s Correspondence with Women. A Contribution to a Statistical Evaluation of Kant’s Correspondence. (Abstract) -- On the Development of the Term ‘Intuition’ in the Pre-Critical Writings of Kant, and Its Significance for Kant’s Aesthetics, with Particular Reference to the ‘Wortindex zu Kants Gesammelten Schriften’ -- Comment on Heidegger’s Interpretation of Kant. (Abstract) -- IV Abstracts of Papers Read at Concurrent Sessions -- Index of Names and Subjects.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3099-1
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  • 168
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    Deontic Logic: Introductory and Systematic Readings (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401031462
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 33
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic
    Abstract: Deontic Logic: An Introduction -- New Foundations for Ethical Theory -- Some Main Problems of Deontic Logic -- A New System of Deontic Logic -- An Analysis of Some Deontic Logics -- Some Logics of Commitment and Obligation -- Deontic Logic and the Theory of Conditions -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3146-2
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  • 169
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    Introduction to Axiomatic Set Theory (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401031448
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (103p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 34
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 34
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Mathematical logic.
    Abstract: I: The Zermelo/Fraenkel Axioms of Set Theory -- II: Ordinals, Cardinals -- III: The Axiom of Foundation -- IV: The Reflection Principle -- V: The Set of Expressions -- VI: Ordinal Definable Sets. Relative Consistency of the Axiom of Choice -- VII: Fraenkel/Mostowski Models. Relative Consistency of the Negation of the Axiom of Choice (without the Axiom of Foundation) -- VIII: Constructible Sets. Relative Consistency of the Generalized Continuum Hypothesis.
    Abstract: This book presents the classic relative consistency proofs in set theory that are obtained by the device of 'inner models'. Three examples of such models are investigated in Chapters VI, VII, and VIII; the most important of these, the class of constructible sets, leads to G6del's result that the axiom of choice and the continuum hypothesis are consistent with the rest of set theory [1]I. The text thus constitutes an introduction to the results of P. Cohen concerning the independence of these axioms [2], and to many other relative consistency proofs obtained later by Cohen's methods. Chapters I and II introduce the axioms of set theory, and develop such parts of the theory as are indispensable for every relative consistency proof; the method of recursive definition on the ordinals being an import­ ant case in point. Although, more or less deliberately, no proofs have been omitted, the development here will be found to require of the reader a certain facility in naive set theory and in the axiomatic method, such e as should be achieved, for example, in first year graduate work (2 cycle de mathernatiques).
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3144-8
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  • 170
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    Revolution, Idealism and Human Freedom : Schelling Hölderlin and Hegel and the Crisis of Early German Idealism (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401030335
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 45
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 45
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: I: Setting -- II: Schelling (1792–1796) -- III: Hölderlin (1789–1798) -- IV: Hegel (1792–1800) -- V: Hölderlin and Hegel (1799–1800).
    Abstract: In this study I will present the intellectual development of Schelling, Holderlin and Hegel during their formative years. Because of their similar social origins, the early thought of these young Swabians, during the 1790's, should be treated as a unit. Their experience as roommates at the Stift in Tiibingen and their close intellectual fellowship throughout the nineties made each extremely responsive to the others ideas. As mem­ bers of the political elite in Wiirttemberg, their intellectual assumptions were profoundly affected by the crisis of Wiirttemberg and German political society and by the events of the French Revolution in a way ex­ plicable only in the light of their Swabian heritage. So, for example, seen in the context of HOlderlin's and Schelling's thinking, the genesis of Hegel's earliest mature philosophical assumptions appears to be not so much an event in the history of philosophy as a specific solution to the problems raised by the crisis of his society. The crucial role of Holderlin in the history of German Idealism should also become apparent as a result of this study. For reasons developed in the following, Holderlin's thinking bridged the gap not only between Kantianism and the new philosophy, which was to come to fruition in Hegel's mature thought, but also between the republican and the natio­ nalist phase in the history of German political thought.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3033-5
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  • 171
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    Motivation and the Moral Sense in Francis Hutcheson’s Ethical Theory (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401029711
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idees International Archives of the History of Ideas 46
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 46
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: Hutcheson’s Life and Works -- Method of Treatment -- I.Hutcheson’s Theory of Motivation -- The Origins and Distinctive Characteristics of Hutcheson’s -- Theory of Motivation -- Hutcheson’s Refutation of Egoism -- Hutcheson’s Treatment of Desire and Pleasure -- The Calm Desires -- The Place of Reason in Conduct -- Concluding Comments on Hutcheson’s Theory of Motivation -- II. Hutcheson’s Moral Sense Theory -- Shaftesbury’s Influence -- The Epistemological Background of Hutcheson’s Moral Sense Theory -- The Nature and Function of the Moral Sense -- The Nature of Moral Judgments -- III. The Moral Sense and Motivation -- Introductory Statement of Problem -- Hutcheson’s Criticisms of the Rationalists -- The Moral Sense and Motivation -- Obligation and motivation -- Concluding Remarks -- IV. Motivation and the Moral Sense in Hutgheson’s Later Works -- V. Concluding Remarks -- The Moral Sense and Moral Feelings -- The Justification of Moral Judgments -- The Nature of Moral Judgments -- Motivation and the Moral Sense -- Selected Bibliography.
    Abstract: Although the works of Francis Hutcheson are unfamiliar to most students of philosophy, it cannot be said that he has been entirely ignored. To be sure, most of the recent writers who deal with Hutcheson's philosophy do so in the course of writing about Hutcheson's famous contemporary, David Hume. This is true, for example, of Norman Kemp Smith, whose book entitled The Philosophy of David Hume 1 includes much detailed information concerning Hume's indebtedness to Hutcheson. But others have written about Hutcheson on his own account. William R. Scott's Francis Hutcheson,2 although mainly biographical and historical, is well worth reading. In his article "Some Reflections on Moral-Sense Theories in Ethics," 3 C. D. Broad presents a sustained analysis of the sort of theory held by Hutcheson. D. Daiches Raphael's The Moral Sense 4 is competent, interesting, and especially valuable in its treatment of epistemological issues surrounding the moral sense theory. William K. Frankena's article entitled "Hutcheson's Moral Sense Theory" Ji is search­ ing and profound. And, most recent of all, a book by William T. Black­ stone has appeared entitled Francis Hutcheson and Contemporary Ethi­ cal Theory. 6 One of the difficulties encountered in presenting a study of Hutcheson is that all of his books are extremely rare. Fortunately, L. A. Selby-Bigge'l) 1 Nonnan Kemp Smith, The Philosophy of David Hume (London: Macmillan and Co. , Limited, 1949). Ii William Robert Scott, Francis Hutcheson (Cambridge, Eng. : Cambridge Uni­ venity Press, 1900).
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2971-1
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  • 172
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    The Downfall of Cartesianism 1673-1712 : A Study of Epistemological Issues in Late 17th Century Cartesianism (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401029629
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (166p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 11
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: I. Introduction -- A Characterization of a Scholastic Explanation of Perception and Knowing -- The Development of the Distinction between Primary and Secondary Qualities before Descartes -- II. Simon Fougher -- Life and Works -- His Academic Scepticism and his Positive Position -- III. Late 17th Century Cartesian Metaphysics and Criticisms of it -- A Model Late 17th Century Cartesian Metaphysical System -- Foucher’s Major Criticisms of Cartesian Metaphysics -- IV. The Controversy Concerning Ideas Between Malebranche and Foucher -- Foucher’s Reading of the First Volume of the First Edition of Malebranche’s Recherche -- Foucher’s Criticisms of the Malebranchian Way of Ideas -- Malebranche’s Response to Foucher and the Failure of the Malebranchian Way of Ideas -- V. The Orthodox (Non-Occasionalist) Cartesian Way of Ideas -- Robert Desgabets: The Orthodox Cartesian Suggestion of Non-resembling Representative Ideas -- Foucher’s Reply to Desgabets -- Louis de La Forge: The Orthodox Cartesian Dependence upon God -- Jacque Rohault: The Denial of the Causal Likeness Principle -- Pierre-Sylvain Régis: The Dependence upon Inexplicable Causal Relations -- Antoine Le Grand: Ideas as Nature’s Signs -- Antoine Arnauld: Representative Perceptions -- VI. An Analysis of the Cartesian Failures to Solve Problems Facing Cartesianism -- Ideas as Natural Signs -- The Mechanical Notion of Causation -- External Ideas -- Direct Acquaintance -- The Cartesian Dependence upon the Likeness Principles and the Ontology of Substance and Modification -- VII. Post-Cartesian Developments of the Way of Ideas -- Monistic Solutions to Cartesian Problems -- John Locke -- George Berkeley -- David Hume -- VIII. Leibniz and Foucher -- The Correspondence between Leibniz and Foucher Concerning First Principles, Certain Knowledge, and the External World -- Leibniz’s New System and Foucher’s Criticisms of It -- Leibniz’s Notion of Matter -- Leibniz’s Solutions to Cartesian Problems -- IX. Conclusion -- Appendix I A Table of the Principles of a Lateth Century Cartesian Metaphysical System -- Appendix II. A Schematic Outline of Foucher’s Criticisms of Car- tesianism -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Phenomenalism, idealism, spiritualism, and other contemporary philo­ sophical movements originating in the reflective experience of the cogito witness to the immense influence of Descartes. However, Carte­ sianism as a complete metaphysical system in the image of that of the master collapsed early in the 18th century. A small school of brilliant Cartesians, almost all expert in the new mechanistic science, flashed like meteors upon the intellectual world of late 17th century France to win well-deserved recognition for Cartesianism. They were accompanied by a scintillating comet, Ma1ebranche, the deviant Cartesian, now remembered as the orthodox Cartesians are not. However, all these bright lights faded upon the philosophical horizon, almost as soon as they appeared. The metaphysical dualism of Des­ cartes was, as such, neither to be preserved nor reconstructed. There are many reasons why the Cartesian system did not survive the victory over Scholasticism which Descartes, Malebranche, and the others had won. Newtonian physics very soon replaced Cartesian physics. The practical interest and success of the new science which the Cartesians themselves had nurtured drew men down from the lofty realms of metaphysics. On the popular front, Cartesianism was attacked and ridiculed for the view that animals are unthinking machines. In the schools of Paris and elsewhere, there was the general but severe opposition of pedants, which is perhaps of more historical than philosophical interest.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2962-9
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  • 173
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    Logische Schriften : Grosses Logikfragment - Grundgesetze des Sollens (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401030694
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (357p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 3
    Series Statement: Synthese Historical Library 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic
    Abstract: Ernst Mallys Lebensgang und philosophische Entwicklung -- Gegenstandstheorie — Logik — Deontik -- Bemerkungen zu Mallys später Logik -- Bemerkungen zum Text -- Grosses Logik Fragment -- Vorwort -- Formalismus I -- Formalismus II -- Formalismus III -- Briefe -- Grundgesetze des Sollens -- Vorwort -- I. Grundlagen -- II. Nächste Folgerungen -- III. Das Wollen und die Tatsachen -- IV. Das Richtige Wollen -- Bibliographie -- Nachlaß Mally in der Universitätsbibliothek Graz -- Namenverzeichnis.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3069-4
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  • 174
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    The Problem of Embodiment : Some Contributions to a Phenomenology of the Body (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401030144
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (306p) , digital
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Publiée sous le Patronage des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 17
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 17
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: I: Marcel’s Theory of the Body as Mystery -- I: Introduction -- II: The Theory of the Body-Qua-Mine as Mystery -- III: Critical Remarks -- II: Sartre’s Ontology of the Body -- I: Introduction -- II: The Ontological Dimensions of the Body -- III: Critical Remarks -- III: Merleau-Ponty’s Theory of the Body-Proper -- I: Introduction -- II: The Theory of the Body -- III: Critical Remarks -- Epilogue.
    Abstract: Early in the first volume of his Ideen zu einer reinen Phiinomeno­ logie und phiinomenologischen Philosophie, Edmund Husserl stated concisely the significance and scope of the problem with which this present study is concerned. When we reflect on how it is that consciousness, which is itself absolute in relation to the world, can yet take on the character of transcendence, how it can become mundanized, We see straightaway that it can do that only by means of a certain participation in transcendence in the first, originary sense, which is manifestly the transcendence of material Nature. Only by means of the experiential relation to the animate organism does consciousness become really human and animal (tierischen), and only thereby does it achieve a place in the space and in the time of Nature. l Consciousness can become "worldly" only by being embodied within the world as part of it. In so far as the world is material Nature, consciousness must partake of the transcendence of material Nature. That is to say, its transcendence is manifestly an embodiment in a material, corporeal body. Consciousness, thus, takes on the characteristic of being "here and now" (ecceity) by means of experiential (or, more accurately, its intentive) relation to that corporeal being which embodies it. Accordingly, that there is a world for consciousness is a conse­ quence in the first instance of its embodiment by 2 that corporeal body which is for it its own animate organism.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3014-4
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  • 175
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    The Concepts of Value : Foundations of Value Theory (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401030939
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (479p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Foundations of Language, Supplementary Series 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Linguistics ; Ethics.
    Abstract: 1. The Purpose of This Study -- 2. Overview of the Inquiry -- 3. Modes of Attending -- 4. The Instruments of Appraisal -- 5. Human Appraisives and General Appraisives -- 6. Definition and the Vocabulary of Appraisal -- 7. The Source and Habitat of Appraisive Terms -- 8. The Appraisives of Natural Languages -- 9. The Objectivity of Appraisals -- 10. The Reality of Value -- 11. Definition and the Understanding of Appraisives -- 12. Appraisive Creativity -- One: Procedures of Appraisal and Judgment -- 1.0 Satisfaction -- 2.0 Response -- 3.0 Appraisal -- 4.0 Enactment -- 5.0 Moral Judgment -- Conclusion of Part One -- Two: The Characterization of Man -- (A) Explanation of Term -- (B) Characterisms -- 6.0 Intellectual Characterization -- 7.0 Behavioral Characterization -- 8.0 Diathetic Characterization -- 9.0 Tendentive Characterization -- 10.0 Sex-Related Characterization -- 11.0 Sociative Characterization -- 12.0 Economic Characterization -- 13.0 Communitive Characterization -- 14.0 Virtue and Vice -- Three: General and Ultimate Appraisal -- 15.0 Commendation -- 16.0 Absolute Valents -- Conclusion of Part Three -- Appendices -- Appendix A. Objects of the Intellect -- A1.0 Significance -- A2.0 Ponence -- A3.0 Inference -- Appendix B. Transcendentives -- B1.0 Religious Appraisives -- B2.0 Transcendental Intensives -- Appendix C. Aesthetic Appraisives -- C1.0 Aesthetic Powers -- C2.0 Aesthetic Characterization -- C3.0 General Aesthetic Appraisives -- Appendix D. Humoristic Appraisives -- Appendix E. Physical Appraisives -- E1.0 Material Appraisives -- E2.0 Environmental Adaptives -- E3.0 Gustatives -- Appendix F. General Metaphysical Appraisives -- F1.0 Metaphysical Appraisives -- F2.0 Magnitudinal Appraisives -- Appendix G. Operatives -- Appendix H. Higher Order Appraisives -- Appendix J. Negations -- Index to Concepts -- Index to Persons and Subject Matter.
    Abstract: The task of presenting for explicit view the store of appraisive terms our language affords has been undertaken in the conviction that it will be of interest not only to ethics and other philosophical studies but also to various areas of social science and linguistics. I have principally sought to do justice to the complexities of this vocabulary, the uses to which it is put, and the capacities its use reflects. I have given little thought to whether the inquiry was philosophical and whether it was being conducted in a philosophical manner. Foremost in my thoughts were the tasks that appeared to need doing, among them these: explicit attention was to be given to the vocabulary by means of which we say we commend,judge, appraise, or evaluate subjects and subject matters in our experience; it was to be segregated from other language at least for the purpose of study; the types of appraisive resources that are at hand in a language such as English were to be classified in some convincing and not too artificial manner; and an empirical standpoint was to be developed for a better view of appraisal, evaluation, and judging within the framework of other ways we have of responding to our surround­ ings such as appetition and emotion on one side and factual registering and theorizing about states of affairs on the other. Such an inquiry has never been undertaken in quite this manner before.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3093-9
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  • 176
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    The Mirror of Salvation : A Moral Play of Everyman c. 1490 (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401175302
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Bibliotheca Neerlandica Extra Muros 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Romance languages
    Abstract: In two world wars waged within the life time of one generation Death reaped a prolific harvest. His most formidable scythe in former days was not war but pestilence. But since medical science has forged all kinds of weapons wherewith to strike that dreaded tool out of his knuckles he resorted in our lifetime to a new technique of morticulture which has yielded him un­ dreamt-of results. Using race hatred as fertilizer he has grown on the soil of the globe a crop of dead whose size baffles the imagination. The executioners whom he employed in Hitler's Germany kept careful record of the loathsome work they did for him in torture camps and gas chambers. They reckoned that six million Jews were delivered to Death by their efforts. In Holland alone only fifteen thousand of her one hundred and fifty­ thousand Jews survived the massacre. Death was the chief war profiteer. Though his inflated power was reduced by the overthrow of his Nazi henchmen, his innings are still large as he stalks across the world with his satellites Poverty, Hunger, and Disease.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7530-2
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  • 177
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    The Waning of the Renaissance 1640-1740 : Studies in the Thought and Poetry of Henry More, John Norris and Isaac Watts (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401030083
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives internationales d’histoire des ideés 39
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 39
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: One The Source: Henry More -- 1. Introduction: The Fourth Ground of Certainty -- 2. Philosophy: Descartes and Plato -- 3. Religion: Latitude and Pietism -- 4. Aesthetics: From Metaphysical to Romantic -- 5. More’s Work as Literature -- Two The Verge: John Norris -- 6. Introduction: A Transitional Figure -- 7. Norris and the Enlightenment -- 8. Philosophy: “Platonic Gibberish” -- 9. Religion: The Grounds of Assent -- 10. Poetry: The Last of the Metaphysicals -- Three The Result: Isaac Watts -- 11. Introduction: Classicism and the Enlightenment -- 12. The English Enlightenment -- 13. “Free Philosophy” -- 14. Sunk Religion -- 15. Aesthetics -- 16. The Sublime -- 17. The Metaphysical Tradition -- 18. Classicism: The Art of Sinking -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: It is not always easy to maintain a proper balance between the delineation of cultural development within a given literary field and the claims of practical criticism. And yet if the history of ideas is to be more than a pastime for the student of literature, it must be rooted in the precise art of discrimination. The following chapters attempt to describe and evaluate a particular cultural development by relating the background of ideas to the literary achievement of three writers. It will be sufficient here to out­ line the nature of the problem, and the method and approach employed. The concept of cultural development implies a recognition of the con­ nections between ideology and aesthetics. There are at least two ways of exploring such connections. The one, pioneered by Basil Willey, seeks to situate the critical moments of our cultural development in the back­ ground of ideas, without which the contribution of a particular author cannot be justly evaluated. The danger of such an approach is that the task of discrimination comes to depend over-heavily on extra-literary criteria.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3008-3
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  • 178
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    Henry Home, Lord Kames and the Scottish Enlightenment : A Study in National Character and in the History of Ideas (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401717656
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVI, 358 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées 41
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 41
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: I Chiefly Biographical and Historical -- I. Family Background and Early Years -- II. The Years of his Advocateship -- III. Lord Kames as Lord of Session and Lord of Justiciary -- IV. The High-Court Judge and the World of Letters: Historical and Biographical -- V. At Home and among Friends: Domestic Relations and Sociability -- VI. “I Fly to my Farm”: A Gentleman Farmer in Overalls -- VII. “For the Good of my Country”: A Study in Public Spirit and Public Service -- VIII. Political Activities and Concern with Public Affairs -- IX. Personal Credo and Life Values -- X. Summary Characterization of Kames the Man -- II Chiefly Theoretical: Lines of Kames’s Thinking and His Contributions to the World of Ideas -- XI. Common-Sense Philosopher and Observer of the Ways of Men -- XII. Through the Eyes of Clio: The Historical Approach -- XIII. Kames’s Philosophy of Law; or, his General View of Jurisprudence -- XIV. Literary Criticism and the Question of Style in Writing -- XV. Education and the Status of Women, and some Anthropological Miscellanies -- XVI. Political and Economic Theory -- XVII. The High-Court Judge and Common-Sense Philosopher Looks at Religion -- XVIII. Summary and Evaluation Dynamic Relations between the Man and the Movement of Life and Thought and Culture -- Appendices -- 1. Selections from Kames’s Letters -- 2. Selections from Prefaces, Dedications, etc. -- 3. Proposal for the Reform of Entails -- 4. A Universal Prayer -- 5. Epitaph by a Friend -- 6. Home—Drummond Family Postscript -- Bibliography of Kames’s Publications -- Princepal Sources on Karnes’ Life and Background -- General Bibliography.
    Abstract: The purpose of the present study is to present the life and work and thought of a remarkable pioneering figure on the Scottish scene over the middle half, broadly, of the eighteenth century, in their dynamic relations with that most extraordinary intellectual awakening and scientific, edu­ cational, literary and religious development of his time generally known as the "Scottish Enlightenment. " That movement in thought and culture was indeed in more ways than one a unique phenomenon in the history of western culture, comparable, in its own manner and measure, as we shall attempt to point out later, with such history-making movements or epochs as the Age of Pericles in Greece, the Augustan Age in Rome, the Renaissance movement in Italy and Western Europe generally, the up-surge both in science and in letters in England in the seventeenth century, and the contemporary movement in France associated with the Encyclopedists. This Scottish Enlightenment, often also spoken of as the "Awakening of Scotland," was of course more than a movement merely on the intel­ lectual and cultural level. It had also political bearings and was rather directly conditioned by events and changes in the political arena, begin­ ning with the Union with England in 1707; and even more directly was it accompanied and conditioned by social and economic changes which were in a short span of time to transform the face of this far-northern country almost beyond recognition.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1765-6
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  • 179
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    Proclus: Alcibiades I : A Translation and Commentary (1971)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401727808
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 250 p) , digital
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Greek philology ; Greek language.
    Abstract: Proclus the Successor on the first Alcibiades of Plato -- Fragments -- Select Bibliography -- Select Index to the Commentary -- Addenda et Corrigenda.
    Abstract: This translation and commentary is based on the Critical Text and Indices of Proclus: Commentary on the First Alcibiades of Plato, Amsterdam 1954, by L. G. Westerink. Index II has been of great help in the translation, and the commentary is much indebted to the critical apparatus. Dr. Westerink has also been kind enough to forward his views on the relatively few problems which the Greek text has presented. A further debt is owed to the review of Dr. Westerink's text by Prof. E. R. Dodds in GNOMON 1955 p. 164-1, chiefly for some references and some emendations to the Greek text. W. R. M. Lamb's Loeb translation of Alcibiades I has helped considerably in construing the lemmata, which Signor Antonio Carlini has found to have been inserted by a later hand from a Plato MSS. of the W family. Evidence for this is their discrepancy with the text as read in the main body of the commentary (d. Studi Classici e Orientali, vol. x, Pisa 1961). On the personal side, the whole work has received the benefit of constant advice from Prof. A. H. Armstrong. It was he who first suggested the undertaking, and he has been kind enough to read through the translation and commentary, making many corrections and helpful suggestions. In particular lowe him the parallels with Plotinus and thanks for a Socratic patience in my more obtuse moments.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2780-8
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  • 180
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    Formal Methods : An Introduction to Symbolic Logic and to the Study of Effective Operations in Arithmetic and Logi (1970)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401032698
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, A Series of Monographs on the Recent Development of Symbolic Logic, Significs, Sociology of Language, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, Statistics of Language and Related Fields 4
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic
    Abstract: I. Purely Implicational Logic -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Deduction-Theoretic Approach -- 3. Semantic Approach -- 4. Axiomatic Approach -- 5. Completeness -- II. Full Sentential Logic -- 6. Introduction -- 7. Introduction of Further Sentential Connectives -- III. Theory of Quantification, Equality, and Functionality -- 8. Notation -- 9. Reduction Schemata -- 10. Axiomatic Method -- 11. Weak Completeness Theorems -- 12. Equality -- 13. Functionality -- IV. Completeness of Elementary Logic -- 14. Introduction -- 15. Quantification Theory -- 16. Theory of Equality and Functionality -- V. The Formalization of Arithmetic and its Limitations -- 17. An Axiom System for Arithmetic -- 18. Syntactic Incompleteness -- 19. Semantic Incompleteness -- 20. Logic of Higher Order -- VI. The Theory of Definition -- 21. Introduction -- 22. Definability of Primitive Notions -- 23. Padoa’s Method -- 24. Definition-Theoretic Incompleteness -- VII. On Machines Which Prove Theorems -- 25. Introduction — Computation and Formal Deduction -- 26. Formal Deduction and Computing Machines -- 27. The Subformula Principle -- 28. Semantic Tableaux and Natural Deduction -- 29. Complications -- 30. Introduction of New Individual Parameters -- 31. Types of Logical Problems -- 32. Concluding Remarks -- Appendix: Supplementary Explanations -- 33. Formal Description of Deduction by Closed Semantic Tableaux -- 34. Independence -- 35. Intuitionistic Logic and Minimal Calculus -- 37. Elementary Logic with Equality and Terms -- 39. Semantic Rules for Quantification Theory -- 40. Deduction-Theoretic Treatment of the Theory of Quantification -- 41. Numerical Computation -- 42. The Interpolation Theorem of Craig-Lyndon -- List of Schemata and Axioms -- (A) Sources -- (B) Recommended Reading -- (C) Periodicals -- Index of Authors and Subjects.
    Abstract: Many philosophers have considered logical reasoning as an inborn ability of mankind and as a distinctive feature in the human mind; but we all know that the distribution of this capacity, or at any rate its development, is very unequal. Few people are able to set up a cogent argument; others are at least able to follow a logical argument and even to detect logical fallacies. Nevertheless, even among educated persons there are many who do not even attain this relatively modest level of development. According to my personal observations, lack of logical ability may be due to various circumstances. In the first place, I mention lack of general intelligence, insufficient power of concentration, and absence of formal education. Secondly, however, I have noticed that many people are unable, or sometimes rather unwilling, to argue ex hypothesi; such persons cannot, or will not, start from premisses which they know or believe to be false or even from premisses whose truth is not, in their opinion, sufficient­ ly warranted. Or, if they agree to start from such premisses, they sooner or later stray away from the argument into attempts first to settle the truth or falsehood of the premisses. Presumably this attitude results either from lack of imagination or from undue moral rectitude. On the other hand, proficiency in logical reasoning is not in itself a guarantee for a clear theoretic insight into the principles and foundations of logic.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3269-8
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  • 181
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    “Vpered!” 1873-1877 : From the Archives of Valerian Nikolaevich Smirnov (1970)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401022798
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (403 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Russian Series on Social History 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Regional planning ; History ; Ethnology. ; Culture.
    Abstract: O??ab?eh?e -- ?pe??c?o??e -- ?o?c?e??? -- Co?pa?e??? -- Oc?o???e ??a?? ?c?op?? “Bepe?” -- I. ?a?p??? ? ?c?op?? pycc?o?o oc?o?o???e???o?o ????e??? -- II. Bo????o?e??e “B?epe?” -- III. Tp? ?po?pa??? “B?epe?” -- IV.?a?po? ? e?o co?py?????: -- V. Ha ?oc?y: -- VI. “Co?? pycc??x pe?o????o???x ?py??” -- VII. ?ap??c??? c?e?? ? ??????a??? “B?epe?” -- Co?py????? “B?epe?” (a??a?????? y?a?a?e??) -- ???a??? “B?epe?” -- ?p??e?a???.
    Abstract: The publication of the following material on the history of Vpered represents the fulfilment of a duty both to the founders of the International Institute of Social History and to Nadezhda Nikolaevna Kolachevskaia and Valerian Valerianovich Kolachevskii, who handed over to the Institute so long ago as 1936 the papers of their late husband and father, Valerian a Nikolaevich Smirnov. ) The Institute undertook at that time to publish these papers, and V. V. Kolachevskii planned to use them in compiling a biography of his father. The Second World War and its consequences imposed changes in these plans. The biography of V. N. Smirnov remained unwritten, and work on the publication of documents from his papers was interrupted for a quarter of a century. First, however, some particulars of these papers. We are here concerned with that section of them which relates to a remarkable literary organ of the Russian revolutionary Populist move­ ment, the occasional symposia and the fortnightly newspaper, both called Vpered, founded by Petr Lavrovich Lavrov in 1873. Lavrov was the sole editor of the four volumes of occasional symposia (the fourth volume contains only one issue) which were published in Zurich and London between 1873 and 1876, and the 48 issues of the fortnightly newspaper published in London in 1875 and 1876.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2279-8
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  • 182
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    Hikayat Patani the Story of Patani (1970)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401525985
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 148 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Bibliotheca Indonesica
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; History.
    Abstract: I. A Short History of Patani -- II. The Hikayat Patani and Related Texts -- III.The Structure of the Malay Text Its Authors, Date, Language -- IV. Hikayat Patani (Malay Text) -- V. The Story of Patani (Translation) -- VI. Commentary -- VII.Conclusion -- Plates. Facsimiles of Pages from the Abdullah Manuscript.
    Abstract: The stimulus for the joint venture of which the present book is the visible result was provided by the discovery of a Malay manuscript of the long lost Hikayat Patani by one of the authors, and the publication, quite independently, of a Thai version of the same text by the other. The authors, who were not acquainted with one another before this, "found" each other at the suggestion of Professor O. W. Wolters, to whom they are grateful for the idea. The preparation of the book took place on both sides of the Atlantic, with a frequent exchange of letters containing the results of the work of each author. In August, 1969, Teeuw was given the opportunity to visit Cornell University, where in a fortnight's most intensive contact and concentrated research all the drafts were checked, supplemented, rewritten and improved, and the definitive arrangement of the book decided on. The work on the manuscript was completed in the following four months, again in geographically separated spheres. The actual manuscript was rounded off at the beginning of 1970.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-2598-5
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  • 183
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    Epistemology II (1970)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401031974
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Tulane Studies in Philosophy 18
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: History, The Sciences, and Uniqueness -- Knowledge, Adaptive Responses, and the Ecosystem -- The Scepticism of George Santayana -- The Case for Moral Cognitivism -- The Reality Game -- Two views of the Nature of Knowledge -- C.G. Jung and the a Priori -- Nietzsche and the Problem of Knowledge -- The Epistemological Views of a “Social Behoviorist”.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3197-4
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  • 184
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    Paraphrase Grammars (1970)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401033381
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 145 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Formal Linguistics Series 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Smaby, Richard M. Paraphrase grammars
    RVK:
    ET 180
    RVK:
    ET 710
    Keywords: Linguistics ; Natural language processing (Computer science). ; Paraphrasenrelation
    Abstract: I: Introduction -- 1. The Transformational Approach -- 2. The Paraphrase Relation -- 3. Paraphrase Grammars -- 4. Compositional Grammars -- 5. Substitution -- 6. Admission Conditions -- 7. Equivalence -- 8. Functional Notation -- 9. Summary -- II: The Paraphrase Relation -- 1. The Study of the Paraphrase Relation -- 2. Collection of Data -- 3. Selection of Data -- 4. Generalization of the Paraphrastic Relationships -- 5. Systematization of the Paraphrase Relation -- 6. Summary -- III: Compositional Grammars -- 1. The Compositional Approach -- 2. A Simple Compositional Language: P -- 3. Compositional Grammars and the Co-Occurrence Problem -- 4. ‘Projection Rules’ -- 5. Summary -- IV: Substitution -- 1. The Substitution Concept -- 2. The Presence of Substitution -- 3. A Notation for Substitution -- 4. The Generality of Substitution -- 5. Operations and Transformations -- 6. Summary -- V: Admission and Equivalence -- 1. Admission Conditions -- 2. Ordering of Transformations -- 3. A Recursive Definition and an Admission Condition -- 4. Equivalence -- 5. Summary -- VI: Functional Representation -- 1. Functional Notation -- 2. Functions and Transformations -- 3. Functions and Phonology: the Relative Clause -- 4. Summary -- VII: The Structure of Paraphrase Grammars -- 1. The Recursive Enumerability of the Transformation Relation -- 2. Elementary Transformations -- 3. Summary -- Appendix: Recursive Enumerability -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: The recent rapid development of transformational grammars has incorpo­ rated some strong claims in the areas of semantics and co-occurrence. The earlier structuralists relied on a minimum of information about the meaning of strings of a language. They asked only if strings of sounds were different in meaning - or simply were different words or phrases. Current transfor­ mational grammars, on the other hand, set as their goal the production of exactly the meaningful strings of a language. Stated slightly differently, they wish to specify exactly which strings of a language can occur together (meaningfully) in a given order. The present book purports to show that transformational grammar is in­ dependent of the current trends in semantics. I claim that exciting and sophisticated transformational grammars are required for describing when strings of a language mean the same, that is, for describing when strings of a language are paraphrases of each other. This task can be quite naturally limited to a project of much weaker semantic claims than those which are current in transformational linguistics.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3338-1
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  • 185
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    Phenomenology and Ontology (1970)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401032520
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Sokolowski, Robert [Rezension von: Mohanty, J. N., Phenomenology and Ontology] 1972
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Publiée Sous Le Patronage Des Centres D’Archives-Husserl 37
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 37
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ontology
    Abstract: One -- I. Modes of Givenness -- II. The Given -- III. Thought and Action -- IV. Meaning and Truth-I -- V. Meaning and Truth-II -- VI. Language and Reality -- VII. On Reference -- VIII. Remarks on the Content Theory -- IX. Phenomenology and Ontology -- Two -- X. A Note on Modern Nominalism -- XI. A recent Criticism of the Foundations of Nicolai Hartmann’s Ontology -- XII. Remarks on Nicolai Hartmann’s Modal Doctrine -- XIII. The ‘Object’ in Edmund Husserl’s Phenomenology -- XIV. Individual Fact and Essence in Edmund Husserl’s Philosophy -- XV. Gilbert Ryle’s Criticisms of the Concept of Consciousness -- XVI. On G. E. Moore’s Defence of Common sense -- Three -- XVII. Reflections on the Ny?ya theory of Avayavipratyaksa -- XVIII. Ny?ya Theory of Doubt.
    Abstract: Most of the essays that follow have originally appeared in philosophical journals, Indian and Western. They are reprinted here with the hope that in spite of the wide variety of topics with which they deal there is nevertheless a certain unity of treatment. A few major ideas and distinctions run through all the essays: I need not further single them out here. For permission to reprint, I have to thank the editors of the journals and books in which the essays originally appeared. My former pupil Miss Manjusree Ray has been kind enough to help me in preparing the book for the press. J. N. MOHANTY May, I968, Calcutta CONTENTS Preface v Part One I. Modes of Givenness 3 II. The Given 12 III. Thought and Action 22 IV. Meaning and Truth-I 0 3 V. Meaning and Truth-II 50 VI. Language and Reality 60 VII. On Reference 2 7 VIII. Remarks on the Content Theory 84 IX. Phenomenology and Ontology 2 9 Part Two X. A Note on Modern Nominalism I07 XI. A recent Criticism of the Foundations of Nicolai Hartmann's Ontology II5 XII. Remarks on Nicolai Hartmann's Modal Doctrine 129 XIII. The 'Object' in Edmund Husserl's Phenomenology 138 XIV. Individual Fact and Essence in Edmund Husserl's Philosophy 152 XV. Gilbert Ryle's Criticisms of the Concept of Conscio- ness 163 XVI. On G. E. Moore's Defence of Common sense 170 Part Three XVII.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3252-0
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  • 186
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    Guyana: Race and Politics among Africans and East Indians (1970)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401032131
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (153p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in Social Life 14
    Series Statement: Studies of Social Life 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: History
    Abstract: I. Early Colonization and Development -- Methodology -- Guyana — The Land -- Early Settlements and Colonization -- II. The Development of the Plantation System -- Cultural Design of Plantation Society -- III. The Saccharine Society -- The Image of King Sugar -- VI. The Mosaic of Subcultures -- The Colored Group -- Analysis -- The African Group -- V. Labor Problems and Social Adjustment -- The Portuguese Immigrants -- The East Indians -- The Chinese -- VI. The Precursors of Conflict between the Fragments -- The Social Revolution -- Politico-racial Factors -- Some External Variables -- VII. The Eruption of Violence -- VIII. Conclusion -- A Civic Program -- Selected Bibliography.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3213-1
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  • 187
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    A First Course on Complex Functions (1970)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789400956803
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 148 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Chapman & Hall Mathematics Series
    Series Statement: Chapman and Hall Mathematics Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: Metric spaces -- 1. Basic theory -- 2. The theory of differentiable functions -- 3. Further topics -- Glossary of symbols.
    Abstract: This book contains a rigorous coverage of those topics (and only those topics) that, in the author's judgement, are suitable for inclusion in a first course on Complex Functions. Roughly speaking, these can be summarized as being the things that can be done with Cauchy's integral formula and the residue theorem. On the theoretical side, this includes the basic core of the theory of differentiable complex functions, a theory which is unsurpassed in Mathematics for its cohesion, elegance and wealth of surprises. On the practical side, it includes the computational applications of the residue theorem. Some prominence is given to the latter, because for the more sceptical student they provide the justification for inventing the complex numbers. Analytic continuation and Riemann surfaces form an essentially different chapter of Complex Analysis. A proper treatment is far too sophisticated for a first course, and they are therefore excluded. The aim has been to produce the simplest possible rigorous treatment of the topics discussed. For the programme outlined above, it is quite sufficient to prove Cauchy'S integral theorem for paths in star-shaped open sets, so this is done. No form of the Jordan curve theorem is used anywhere in the book.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5680-3
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  • 188
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    Some aspects of the extraterritorial reach of the American antitrust laws (1970)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401744676
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 174 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Law ; Commercial law
    Abstract: I Historical and Philosophical Sources of the American Antitrust Laws -- II Remedial and Other Procedural Aspects of the American Antitrust Laws -- III The Special Character of the American Antitrust Laws -- IV The Extraterritorial Reach of the American Antitrust Laws Jurisdictional Aspects -- V The Extraterritorial Reach of the American Antitrust Laws Remedial Aspects -- VI The Extraterritorial Reach of the American Antitrust Laws International Law Aspects -- VII Conclusions -- Selected References -- Table of Cases -- Samenvatting.
    Abstract: General While there is an abundance of literature dealing with the American antitrust laws, one can also observe that the application of this area of the law to foreign commerce is still in an evolutionary stage of development. To some extent this can be quantiflably explained by pointing out that the rapid rise of the interests of the American business community in foreign commerce is only a fairly recent 1 phenomenon. This participatory interest reveals a wide spectrum of commercial activities. While the traditional concept of foreign commerce was often limited to thinking in terms of exports and imports, present commercial activities include also such marketing methods as the establishment of foreign branches or subsidiaries, or 2 the location of manufacturing, processing, or assembly plants abroad. To this array of arrangements, most of which contemplate a widening of the market potential, we may add the current merger movement, the conglomerate charac­ ter of which has been termed its 'most unique characteristic,. 3 Little wonder that at least one author refers to the application of the 311titrust laws to foreign commerce as being still somewhat of a 'frontier area of the law'. 4 Because of the rapidly expanding participation of the American business community in interna­ tional commerce a gradual evolution of the international dimensions of the American antitrust laws seems therefore within the realm of justifIed expecta­ tions.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-4467-6
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  • 189
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    L’imagination selon Husserl (1970)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401031929
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Collection Publiée sous le Patronage des Centres d’Archives-Husserl 34
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 34
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: Table des Matières -- Introduction: Questions de Methode -- Chapitre I. Imagination et Intentionnalite -- § 1. Les notions de vécu intentionnel ou acte et d’objet intentionnel. Le rôle des sensations et des caractères d’actes dans la constitution des vécus intentionnels. -- § 2. Rappel historique de la problématique de l’imagination. Incidence de la doctrine husserlienne de l’intentionnalité sur cette problématique. -- § 3. L’extension du terme d’imagination chez Husserl: l’imagination libre et la conscience d’image. Quelques remarques sur le vocabulaire husserlien. -- Conclusion -- Chapitre II. Imagination et Intuition -- § 1. Signification et intuition. Intentions vides et intentions remplies. -- § 2. Remplissement et connaissance. L’imagination est une conscience remplie. -- § 3. Caractérisation de la perception, de l’imagination et de la conscience de signe par les formes de remplissement. -- § 4. Les deux sens du terme plénitude. Plénitude-présence objective et adéquation. L’adéquation réalisée par la perception et l’adéquation réalisée par l’imagination. -- § 5. Intuition catégoriale et imagination -- Conclusion -- Chapitre III. Imagination et Presentification -- § 1. La plénitude immanente et les contenus représentants. -- § 2. La présentification, forme appréhensive de l’imagination. Vergegenwärtigung, Repräsentation, Vorstellung. -- § 3. Le «phantasme». -- § 4. Présentification et temporalité. -- § 5. La double intentionnalité de la présentification: la présentification de l’acte et la présentification de l’objet. -- § 6. La présentification catégoriale est-elle possible? -- § 7. Description noématique des actes de présentification. Présentifications simples et présentifications redoublées. -- § 8. Imagination, genèse passive -- § 9. Imagination et liberté. -- Conclusion -- Chapitre IV. Imagination et Neutralization -- § 1. La notion de simple représentation. -- § 2. Simple représentation, modification qualitative et neutralisation. -- § 3. La modification de neutralité. Noème et contre-noème. -- § 4. L’imagination en tant que modification représentative (présentification) et en tant que modification qualitative (neutralisation). L’accord de ces deux notions dans les Log. Unt., dans Zeitbew. et dans Ideen I. -- § 5. Le monde «comme si» de l’imagination. -- § 6. Recoupement de la problématique de l’imagination avec la problématique de la réduction transcendantale. -- Conclusion -- Conclusion Generale -- Bibliographie -- Index Analytique -- Index D’auteurs.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3192-9
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  • 190
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    Aspect of Modern Logic (1970)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401033329
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (187p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 32
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 32
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic
    Abstract: I -- I. The Fundamental Criterion for the Soundness of Arguments -- II. Inferential and Classical Logic -- III. Proof by Contradiction -- IV. The Problem of Locke-Berkeley -- V. On the So-Called ‘Thought Machine’ -- II -- VI. The Paradoxes -- VII. Reason and Intuition -- VIII. Formalized Language and Common Usage -- IX. Considerations about Logical Thought -- X. Constants of Mathematical Thought -- Sources -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: It is common to consider an area of science as a system of real or sup­ posed truths which not only continuously extends itself, but also needs periodical revision and therefore tests the inventive capacity of each generation of scholars anew. It sounds highly implausible that a science at one time would be completed, that at that point within its scope there would be no problems left to solve. Indeed, the solution of a scientific problem inevitably raises new questions, so that our eagerness for knowledge will never find lasting satisfaction. Nevertheless there is one science which seems to form an exception to this rule, formal logic, the theory of rigorous argumentation. It seems to have reached the ideal endpoint of every scientific aspiration already very shortly after its inception; using the work of some predecessors, Aristotle, or so it is at least assumed by many, has brought this branch of science once and for all to a conclusion. Of course this doesn't sound that implausible. We apparently know what rigorous argumentation is; otherwise various sciences, in particular pure mathematics, would be completely impossible. And if we know what rigorous argumentation is, then it cannot be difficult to trace once and for all the rules which govern it. The unique subject of formal logic would therefore entail that this science, in variance with the rule which holds for all other sciences, has been able to reach completion at a certain point in history.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3332-9
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  • 191
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    Nominalistic Systems (1970)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401033145
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (226p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 30
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 30
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1 / Introduction -- 1.1. Program -- 1.2. Historical Background -- 1.3. Formal Preliminaries -- 2 / Individuals -- 2.1. Outline of Goodman’s Conception -- 2.2. Part-Whole Relations -- 2.3. Atomistic Universes of Individuals -- 2.4. The Leonard-Goodman Calculus of Individuals LGCI -- 2.5. The General Calculus CII of Atomistic Individuals -- 2.6. Finite Sums and Products: The Calculus CIII -- 2.7. Infinite Sums and Products: The Calculus CIIII -- 2.8. Non-Atomistic Universes of Individuals -- 2.9. The Non-Atomistic Calculus CIIV and some Extensions -- 2.10. Sequential Individuals and the Calculus of Individual Relations -- 3 / Ontological Commitment and Designata of Expressions -- 3.1. Ontological Implications of Theories -- 3.2. One-Place Predicates and their Extensions -- 3.3. Truth Conditions and Relations of Predication -- 3.4. Expressions of Relations and Operations -- 3.5. Denotationless Symbols and Nominalistic Models -- 4 / Bundles of Qualities, Qualities, and Concreta -- 4.1. Bundles of Qualities and their Calculus CB -- 4.2. Resemblance and its Calculus CR -- 4.3. Qualities and their Calculus CQ -- 4.4. Concreta -- 4.5. Further Problems and Conclusion -- Symbolic Notation -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: 1. 1. PROGRAM It will be our aim to reconstruct, with precision, certain views which have been traditionally associated with nominalism and to investigate problems arising from these views in the construction of interpreted formal systems. Several such systems are developed in accordance with the demand that the sentences of a system which is acceptable to a nominalist must not imply the existence of any entities other than individuals. Emphasis will be placed on the constructionist method of philosophical analysis. To follow this method is to introduce the central notions of the subject-matter to be investigated into a system governed by exact rules. For example, the constructionist method of investigating the properties of geometric figures may consist in formulating a system of postulates and definitions which, together with the apparatus of formal logic, generates all necessary truths concerning geometric figures. Similarly, a constructionist analysis of the notion of an individual may take the form of an axiomatic theory whose provable assertions are just those which seem essential to the role played by the concept of an individual in system­ atic contexts. Such axiomatic theories gain in interest if they are supple­ mented by precise semantical rules specifying the denotation of all terms and the truth conditions of all sentences of the theory.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3314-5
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  • 192
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    Demythologizing Marxism : A Series of Studies on Marxism (1970)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401031851
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 240 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Boston College Studies in Philosophy 2
    Series Statement: Boston College Studies in Philosophy 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Some Aspects of Revisionist Thinking. -- Karl Marx’ first Political Writings: The Rheinische Zeitung, 1842–1843 -- Karl Marx and Max Stirner -- The Future of a Dialogue now possible: to become actual or to remain impossible? -- “Nietzschcan Marxism” in Russia -- Christian-Marxist Dialogue and the otherworld -- Select Bibliography -- Frederick J. Adelmann.
    Abstract: This second volume of the Boston College Studies in Philosophy com­ memorates the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the birth of Karl Marx. This dedication bespeaks the evolution permeating the entire world today, not only in the sense of a development of ideas but more especially of the inner and sincere quest for peace intensifying in the hearts of all men. We Christians rejoice in the drive onward toward the fulfillment of peace on earth. We are sorry, however, that it is so late in Christian history and that it received its impulse more from the fear of nuclear armaments than from the development of Christian ideas. Nonetheless, here in the midst of so much bewilderment, we an optimistic note in the realization that these ideas can now, touch at long last, offer hope for a peaceful future. Strange as it may seem, there is currently a new interest in the philosophy of Marxism. This stems in part from the renewed study of the writings of the young Marx and a concentration on that aspect of his work which is more philosophical than politico-economic, such as is more prominent in the later Das Kapital. But even more, our interest in Marxism has occurred because of what has happened to the con­ temporary Marxists themselves. First of all, after Stalin's time a certain new openness, not yet perfect but nonetheless real, has developed in Russia to the benefit of scholars.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3185-1
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  • 193
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    Juan Luis Vives (1970)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401032209
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (348p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 34
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 34
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: One The Life of Juan Luis Vives -- 1. The Vicissitudes of Vives’ Fame -- 2. The Legacy of Valencia (1492–1509) -- 3. The Student of Montaigu (1509–1512) -- 4. From Bruges to Louvain (1512–1523) -- 5. Vives in England (1523–1528) -- 6. Isolation, Maturity, and Death (1528–1540) -- Two Vives’ Thought -- 7. In the Steps of Erasmus and Beyond -- 8. The Eclectic Criticism of Vives -- 9. Vives on Education -- 10. Individual and Social Ethics -- 11. Range and Purpose of Human Knowledge -- 12. The Process of Knowledge -- 13. The Significance of Vives’ Thought -- Appendix I. Editions of Vives’ Main Works from 1520 to 1650 -- Appendix II. Chronological List of Vives’ Books -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Humanism has constantly proclaimed the belief that the only way to improve man's life on earth is to make man himself wiser and better. Unfortunately, the voice of the humanists has always been challenged by the loud and cheap promises of scientists, by the inflammatory tirades of politicians, and by the apocalyptic visions of false prophets. Material greed, nonsensical chauvinism, racial prejudice, and religious antagonism have progressively defiled the inner beauty of man. Today's bankruptcy of man's dignity in the midst of an unparalleled material abundance calls for an urgent revival of humanistic ideals and values. This book was planned from its very start as a modest step in that direction. It is not my intention, however, to attempt, once again, a global interpretation of Humanism in general, or of Renaissance Humanism in particular. I have been dissuaded from such a purpose by the failure of contemporary scholars to agree on such basic issues as whether the Renaissance was a total break with or a continuation of medieval culture, whether it was basically a Christian or a pagan movement, whether it was the effect or the cause of the classical revival. Instead, then, of discussing the significance of sixteenth century humanism, this book concentrates upon the life and the thought of a single humanist.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3220-9
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  • 194
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    The Problem of Certainty in English Thought 1630-1690 (1970)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401031820
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184p) , digital
    Edition: Second Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’ Histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 3
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: I. Francis Bacon and Scientific Knowledge -- II. The Problem of Certainty in its Theological Context -- I. William Chillingworth -- II. John Tillotson -- III. The Theory of Certainty Secularized -- I. John Wilkins -- II. Joseph Glanvill -- IV. The Theory of Certainty in its Scientific Context -- I. Robert Boyle -- II. Isaac Newton -- V. John Locke and the Philosophical Exposition of the Theory of Certainty -- Conclusion -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: The revival of ancient Greek scepticism in the 16th and 17th centuries was of the greatest importance in changing the intellectual climate in which modern science developed, and in developing the attitude that we now call "The scientific outlook". Many streams of thought came together contributing to various facets of this crucial development. One of the most fascinating of these is that of "constructive scepticism", the history of one of whose forms is traced in this study by Prof. Van Leeuwen. The sceptical crisis that arose during the Renaissance and Refor­ mation challenged the fundamental principles of the many areas of man's intellectual world, in philosophy, theology, humane and moral studies, and the sciences. The devastating weapons of classical scep­ ticism were employed to undermine man's confidence in his ability to discover truth in any area whatsoever by use of the human faculties of the senses and reason. These sceptics indicated that there was no area in which human beings could gain any certain knowledge, and that the effort to do so was fruitless, vain, presumptuous, and perhaps even blasphemous. StaI'ting with the writings of Hen ric us Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim (1486-1535) and Michel de Montaigne (1533-92), a thoroughly destructive sceptical movement developed, attacking both the old and the new science, philosophy and theology, and insisting that true and certain knowledge can only be gained by Revelation.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3182-0
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  • 195
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    Gerard Van Swieten and His World 1700-1772 (1970)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401032230
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (179p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in McGill, William J. [Rezension von: Brechka, Frank T., Gerard van Swieten and His World, 1700-1772] 1972
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 36
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 36
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: Introduction: Qualities, Queries, and Repute -- I. The Early Years -- The Family Van Swieten -- The Varieties of Faith -- Louvain -- II. Leiden -- The University -- Doctor Van Swieten -- The Town -- A Death in Brussels -- III. Maria Theresa -- IV. Vienna -- The First Responsibility -- Books and Censorship -- Reform: the Teaching and Practice of Medicine -- The Great Van Swieten -- Conclusion: A Ouestion of Enlightenment.
    Abstract: QU ALITIES, QUERIES, AND REPUTE Holland has bred its share of remarkable men and Gerard van Swieten was one of them. Raised in Leiden by fairly prosperous Catholic parents, educated at Louvain and Leiden, acknowledged as one of the most gifted pupils of the famed scientist Herman Boerhaave, and an eminent doctor in his native city for many years, he became chief physician at the Court of Vienna, director of the Imperial Library, head of both the Vienna Medical Faculty and the Censorship Commission, and trusted councillor of the Empress Maria Theresa. There is a short street in Leiden that presently honors his name and his figure is one of those surrounding the Empress on her imposing memorial in Vienna. What sort of man was this who travelled so far? What achievements, what qualities deserve such remembrances? Why a study of his life? Gerard van Swieten worked no miracles. He accomplished no "diplo­ matic revolution," commanded no victorious army, helped to change no political boundary, wrote no literary masterpiece, proposed no radically new or notable scientific theory. More of an organizer than an innovator, more of an administrator than an orginator, he was content to compile, to put together, to comment upon, to explain the discoveries of others and to manipulate the given situations presented to him. He seldom initiated. He followed through.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3223-0
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  • 196
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    Copp’d Hills Towards Heaven Shakespeare and the Classical Polity (1970)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401031899
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archieves Internationales D’Histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 32
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 32
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: I. The Better School -- II. The Decay of the Polity: Timon -- III. The Foundation of the Polity -- IV. “Statist though I am none” -- V. The Blind Mole -- VI. The Philosopher King -- VII. Of Wonder -- VIII. The Ascent of the Soul -- Proper Name Index.
    Abstract: The departmentalism of American universities has doubtless much to recommend it. It indicates that exuberance is not a sufficient sub­ stitute for scholarship, that, for better or for worse, every scholar today must be something of a specialist. But when any great writer and great thinker reaches out and grasps the whole of human life, the study of his work transcends specialization. And while exuberance may not replace scholarship, it may accompany it. Most of my work has been done in the history of political philosophy. I have dared to overstep departmental boundaries, because I believe that Shakespeare has something to say to political philosophy. I am not the first to express this view. Whether I express it well or badly, I shall not be the last. I want to thank Leo Strauss, my teacher. He has read the manus­ cript and given me the benefit of his insight and judgment. I want to thank Richard Kennington, who has taken so much time from his own work to comment meticulously and constructively on this work as on other things I have written. His help has been generous, and my appreciation is deep. I must, in particular, thank my colleague, Adolph Lowe. He has perused this study, much of it in several versions. Through long walks in Manchester, Vermont, we have discussed my work and his comments. Usually his comments have been compelling. I can regret only that I am completely unqualified to reciprocate.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3189-9
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  • 197
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    Illustrations and facsimiles of manuscripts, maps, addenda and a general index of names and subjects (1970)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401525671
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 441 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, Bibliographical Series 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanities ; Civilization—History.
    Abstract: Illustrations -- Facsimiles of Pages of Hand-written Texts -- Outline Maps, Historical (at the end of the book) -- Minor Lists and Notes -- Addenda et Corrigenda -- General Index of names and Subjects -- 70.000 Introductory Remarks -- 70.001 General Index, Aalderink — Ayu Nunut -- 70.002 General Index, Babad — Byasala -- 70.003 General Index, Cabaton — Cuwil -- 70.004 General Index, Dabatul Ardi — Dyotkranti -- 70.005 General Index, Earthquake — Eyes -- 70.006 General Index, Fables — Fuya -- 70.007 General Index, Gabriel — Guy?ß -- 70.008 General Index, de Haan — Hymn -- 70.009 General Index, Ibarat — Iwa -- 70.010 General Index, Ja M?ngala — Juynboll -- 70.011 General Index, Kabagusan — Kyahi -- 70.012 General Index, Laban — Lyrics -- 70.013 General Index, Ma Dya O — Mythology -- 70.014 General Index, Nabakti — Nymph -- 70.015 General Index, Oath — Oy?k -- 70.016 General Index, Pabalik — Pyagém -- 70.017 General Index, Quail — Quintets -- 70.018 General Index, de Raadt — Rwa Binéda -- 70.019 General Index, Saba Kinkin — Syria -- 70.020 General Index, Ta?? at — Types -- 70.021 General Index, Ucé?rawa — Uwi -- 70.022 General Index, Vagrant Students — Vrijburg -- 70.023 General Index, Wacan — Wyawah?ra -- 70.024 General Index, Yagn?a — Yuyutsuh.
    Abstract: The third, concluding volume of "Literature of Java" contains Addenda and a General Index, preceded by Illustrations, Facsimiles of Manuscripts, Maps and some Minor Notes, additions which may be of U'se to students of Javanese literature. The older catalogues of collections of Indonesian manuscripts (Javanese, Malay, Sundanese, Madurese, Balinese), which were written in Dutch, did not offer such additional aids to interested readers. One of the reasons was. , that the authors (Vreede, Brandes, van Ronkel, Juynboll, Berg) presupposed a certain knowledge of the Indones,ian peoples, their countries and their culture with Dutch students. As often as not the latter, or their families, had lived for many years in Java, and they were destined, when they had completed their studies in The Netherlands, to pass one or more decades of 'their active life in the ,tropics in the service of Government, the Christian Missions or the Bible Society. The Archipelago was their second home country. Some familiarity with things Indonesian was found in several circles of society in The Netherlands before the second world war, and information (though not always scholarly and exact) was supplied by quite a number of books and periodicals. For this reason it was thought superfluoU's to encumber specialistic books like catalogues of manuscripts with maps and general information which could be found easily elsewhere, for instance in the Dutch "Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch-Indie". As circumstances have changed it is.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-2567-1
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  • 198
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    Montesquieu and the Philosophy of Natural Law (1970)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401032384
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 37
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 37
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy, modern ; History
    Abstract: 1: Introduction to Natural Law and to the Work of Montesquieu -- I: The History of Natural Law -- II: Montesquieu’s Life and Works -- III: The Problem of Montesquieu and Natural Law -- 2: The Originality of Montesquieu’s Method -- I: The Problem of Montesquieu’s Method -- II: The Prior Existence of Natural Law -- III: Civil Law and Natural Law in the Esprit des lois -- 3: Montesquieu and Empiricism in Natural Law -- I: Physical and Moral Concepts in Natural Law -- II: The Example of the Animals -- 4: The State of Nature and the Origin of Society -- I: Montesquieu and the State of Nature -- II: The Origin of Society -- III: The Historicity of the State of Nature -- IV: The Original Contract and its Implications -- 5: Montesquieu and Empiricism in Positive Law: The Diversity of Governments and Laws -- I: The Diversity of Governments -- II: The Diversity of Civil Law -- 6: Rationalism in Positive Law: Montesquieu the Reformer -- I: The Criminal Law -- II: Slavery -- III: Property -- IV: International Relations -- 7: Montesquieu’s Conception of Law -- I: Montesquieu’s Conception of God -- II: Montesquieu and the Laws of Science -- III: Montesquieu and the Moral Law -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: In the last hundred years, the philosophy of natural law has suffered a fate that could hardly have been envisaged by the seventeenth and eighteenth century exponents of its universality and eternity: it has become old-fashioned. The positivists and the Marxists were happy to throw eternal moral­ ity out of the window, confident that some magic temporal harmony would eventually follow Progress in by the front door. Their hopes may not have been fully realized, but they did succeed in discrediting natural law. What is often not appreciated is the extent to which we have adopted the tenets of the philosophy they despised, borh in the field of politics, and in the field of personal and social ethics, which Barbeyrac called "la science des mreurs" and which the positivists re­ christened "social science". Consequently, though we live in a world whose freedom, such as it is, is largely a result of the popularization of the philosophy of natural law, and whose conscious and unconscious standards, such as they are, are a result of that philosophy as it became combined with Christianity, the doctrine of natural law is itself for­ gotten. In view of the oblivion into which it has fallen, natural law is a concept which means little to the average reader. All too often, Montesquieu scholars have traded on this oblivion in order to give an exaggerated picture of his originality.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3238-4
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  • 199
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    Proceedings of the Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science 1961/1962 (1970)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401032636
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 1
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: A Model of Mind-Body Relation in Terms of Modular Logic (October 26, 1961) -- Comments -- Comments -- 2 The Relationship of Language to the Formation of Concepts Summary of Oral Presentation (November 30, 1961) -- 3 The Logical Structure of Physics (December 14, 1961) -- Discussion -- 4 Modal Logics I: Modalities and Intensional Languages (February 8. 1962) -- Comments -- Discussion -- 5 Modal Logics II: Toward a Formal Analysis of Cultural Objects (March 8, 1962) -- 6(a) Deterministic Interpretations of the Quantum Theory (March 27, 1962) -- 6(b) Operational Aspects of Hidden-Variable Quantum Theories — With a Postscript on The Impact of Recent Scientific Trends on Art (March 27, 1962) -- Comments -- 7 The Falsifiability of Theories: Total or Partial? A Contemporary Evaluation of the Duhem-Quine Thesis (April 26.1962) -- Comments -- 8(a) Perception and Language Summary of Oral Presentation (May 17, 1962) -- 8(b) Perception: Cause and Achievement Summary of Oral Presentation (May 17, 1962).
    Abstract: The broad range of interdisciplinary concerns which are encompassed by the philosophy of science have this much in common: (I) they arise from reflection upon the fundamental concepts, the formal structures, and the methodology of the sciences; (2) they touch upon the characteristically philosophical questions of ontology and epistemology in a unique way, bringing to traditional conceptions the analytic apparatus of modern logic, and the new content and conceptual models of active scientific investigations. These sources are reflected in the present volume, which consists of the major portion of the papers presented to the Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science in the academic year 1961-1962. There is no central theme nor any dominant approach in this colloquium. Initiated in 1960 as an inter-university interdisciplinary faculty group, the Colloqnium is intended to foster creative and regular exchange of research and opinion, to provide a forum for professional discussion in the philosophy of science, and to stimulate the development of academic programs in philosophy of science in the colleges and universities of metropolitan Boston. The base of the Colloquium is our philosophic and scientific community, as broad and heterodox as the academic, cultural and techno­ logical complex in and about this city. The Colloquium has been supported in its first full year, as an inter-institutional cooperative association, by a generous grant to Boston University from the U. S. National Science Foundation. We are most grateful for this help.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3263-6
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  • 200
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    Analecta Husserliana : The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research (1970)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401033268
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Phenomenology ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Die phänomenologische Selbstbesinnung. I: Der Leib und die Transzcndentalität in der gegenwärtigen phänomenologischen und psychiatrischen Forschung -- World-Constitution. Reflections on Husserl’s Transcendental Idealism -- Die Vier Begriffe der Transzendenz und das Problem des Idealismus in Husserl -- Intcntionality and Corporeity -- Intentionalität und Transzendenz Zur Konstitution der materiellen Natur -- Husserl’s Concept of Intcntionality -- The Concept of the Body in Transcendental Phenomenology and in Modern Biology -- On Knowing One’s Own Body -- Das Problem der ????? in der Philosophie Edmund Husserls -- Die Wissenschaften vom Menschen und Husserls Theorie von zwei Einstellungen -- Embodied Consciousness and the Human Spirit.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-3326-8
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