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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (13)
  • Bayreuth UB
  • MFK München
  • Online Resource  (13)
  • 2005-2009  (8)
  • 2000-2004  (5)
  • 1945-1949
  • de la Maisonneuve, Christine  (13)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (13)
  • New York : Palgrave Macmillan
  • Santa Monica, Calif : Rand
  • Economics  (13)
  • United States  (1)
  • Bildband
  • Europa
  • Hochschulschrift
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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (13)
  • Bayreuth UB
  • MFK München
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  • Online Resource  (13)
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Year
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  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (13)
  • New York : Palgrave Macmillan
  • Santa Monica, Calif : Rand
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  • Economics  (13)
  • United States  (1)
  • Bildband
  • Europa
  • Hochschulschrift
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The policy determinants of investment in tertiary education (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-37
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-37
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The purpose of this article is to discuss how policies can affect investment in tertiary education in ways that would eliminate some of the perceived shortcomings of existing systems, while preserving or (preferably) enhancing equality of access to higher education. To this end, the analysis focuses on the institutional set-up of tertiary education that provides incentives for supplying quality educational services; the private returns from higher education which act to attract prospective students; and, individual funding mechanisms to help overcome the liquidity constraints that may restrict participation in higher education. These mechanisms should also be designed so as to prevent uncertainty about future incomes from unduly deterring investment in tertiary studies by risk-averse individuals. Joaquim Oliveira Martins, Romina Boarini, Hubert Strauss and Christine de la Maisonneuve
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2009-art5-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The wage premium on tertiary education : New estimates for 21 OECD countries (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-29
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-29
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This study focuses on the single most important component of the private return on tertiary education, the gross wage premium. There are at least two additional reasons for paying particular attention to wage premia. First, the wage premium earned by existing graduates is easy to observe, so high-school leavers can be assumed to take it into account when deciding for or against enrolment in tertiary education. Second, to the extent that wages reflect marginal labour productivity, estimates of wage premia are sometimes used to assess the quality of human capital in an economy with a view to correcting simpler measures based on years of schooling or attainment levels.
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2009-art7-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Long-Run GDP Growth Framework and Scenarios for the World Economy (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.663
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper develops and applies a simple “conditional growth” framework to make long-term GDP projections for the world economy, taking as a starting point recent empirical evidence about the importance of total factor productivity and human capital in explaining current cross-country disparities in GDP per capita levels. Other distinct features of the projection framework include human capital projections by cohorts and implicit allowance for the impact of ageing and potential labour market and pension reforms on future growth in employment levels. In the baseline projection, world GDP would grow in PPP terms by about 3 ¾ % per year on average over the period 2005-2050. When expressed in constant market exchange rates, taking into account future Balassa-Samuelson effects, this projection falls roughly in the middle of the range of long-run scenarios recently developed in the context of greenhouse gas emission projections. The sensitivity of the projection to total factor productivity and population growth assumptions is significant, however, and compounds with deeper sources of uncertainty such as model and parameter uncertainty.
    DOI: 10.1787/227205684023
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Les déterminants des dépenses publiques de santé et de soins de longue durée (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2006, no. 2, p. 133-176
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 47 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The drivers of public expenditure on health and long-term care: An integrated approach
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2006, no. 2, p. 133-176
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Les dépenses publiques consacrées à la santé et aux soins de longue durée (SLD ci-après) sont un sujet de préoccupation pour les gouvernements de la plupart des pays de l’OCDE. Leur accélération récente exerce une pression sur les budgets publics, qui s’ajoute à celle résultant de la réforme incomplète des régimes de retraite et d’autres formes de dépenses sociales. Depuis un certain temps, les pays de l’OCDE limitent la croissance de ces charges en appliquant des politiques de maîtrise des coûts. Il s’agit surtout d’une modération des salaires, de contrôles des prix et d’un report des investissements concernant les soins de longue durée. Une large part de ces derniers est assurée par les familles hors des circuits officiels. Toutefois, les possibilités de contenir de cette façon les dépenses pour la santé et les soins de longue durée se réduisent.
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2006-art11-fr
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The drivers of public expenditure on health and long-term care : An integrated approach (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2006, no. 2, p. 115-154
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 49 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les déterminants des dépenses publiques de santé et de soins de longue durée
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2006, no. 2, p. 115-154
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Public expenditures on health and long-term care (hereafter, LTC) are a matter of concern for governments in most OECD countries. These expenditures have recently accelerated and are putting pressure on public budgets, adding to that arising from insufficiently reformed retirement schemes and other forms of social spending. The growth of public spending on health and long-term care in OECD countries has been limited for some time via the implementation of cost-containment policies. These policies acted essentially through wage moderation, price controls and postponement of investment in the case of health care. A large share of long-term care has been informally provided by families. However, the scope for containing health and LTC expenditures along these lines is narrowing.
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2006-art11-en
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Policy Determinants of Investment in Tertiary Education (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 76 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.576
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper assesses how policies and institutions affect private returns to invest in tertiary human capital, the ability of individuals to finance this investment and the institutional characteristics of tertiary education systems. Focusing on core tertiary education services, the paper presents new measures of private returns to tertiary education, the institutional setting for supplying tertiary education and the availability of individual financing in OECD countries. Using a panel of 19 countries, the number of new tertiary graduates (a proxy for investment in tertiary education) is regressed on these new proposed measures, as well as other standard determinants of investment in tertiary education. The resulting estimates are used to assess empirically the relative importance of several education, taxation and social policies affecting investment in tertiary education. Several avenues for reform and the trade-offs they present for public policy are discussed.
    DOI: 10.1787/085530578031
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Wage Premium on Tertiary Education : New Estimates for 21 OECD Countries (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 64 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.589
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper presents cross-section estimates of gross hourly wage premia on tertiary education. They are based on a unified framework for 21 OECD countries from the 1990s to the early 2000s and use international household surveys to maximise international comparability. The results of the “augmented” Mincerian wage equations point to an average hourly gross wage premium on completed tertiary education of 55% in 2001 (country-gender average), translating into a premium of close to 11% per annum of tertiary education. Wage premia display little variation over time but huge cross-country variation: at 6% they are lowest in Greece and Spain (men and women) as well as in Austria and Italy (women) while reaching 14%-18% in Hungary, Portugal, and in most Anglo-Saxon countries. Given that the wage premium is the single most important driver of private returns to education, the results presented here have potentially important implications for policies that aim at increasing investment in human capital.
    DOI: 10.1787/033568367526
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Impact of Ageing on Demand, Factor Markets and Growth (2005)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 101 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.420
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper examines the channels through which ageing will shape the main economic factors that in turn affect potential growth; identifies current policy settings that may in fact amplify the adverse impact of demographic trends; and sets out policy reforms that will work to temper the effects of ageing on growth. The paper begins with a brief discussion of demographic issues. The analysis first focuses on the impact of these trends on the future level and structure of consumption, which may affect aggregate saving and the structure of the economy, respectively. Then, it explores the main channels through which ageing affects the supply side of the economy following a production function approach: capital markets, labour markets and productivity. The empirical analysis focuses on a subset of large OECD countries with differing ageing patterns and generosity of pension systems. Using a simple general equilibrium overlapping generations model and considering alternative reform scenarios, some illustrative simulations are presented decomposing the effects of ageing on potential GDP per capita growth and economic convergence within OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/545827207132
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Long-Term Budgetary Implications of Tax-Favoured Retirement Plans (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 71 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.393
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper provides estimates of the implicit fiscal assets as well as of the evolution over time of fiscal costs and revenues related to tax-favoured retirement saving regimes in 17 OECD countries, taking into account current and future contributions, asset accumulation and withdrawals, all of which will be strongly influenced by future demographic developments. The main results show that in the case where tax incentives are assumed to lead essentially to saving diversion rather than creation, the net budgetary cost of tax-favoured schemes would remain large, despite the sharp rise in revenues collected from withdrawals as population ages. The paper shows that this cost would significantly be reduced if tax-favoured schemes succeed in promoting additional private savings. It then explores a number of policy options to maximize the amount of additional saving ...
    DOI: 10.1787/138080145732
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    One Money, One Cycle?: Making Monetary Union a Smoother Ride (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.401
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In recent years the euro area has shown less resilience to the negative and largely OECD-wide common shocks than the English-speaking countries, but most of the smaller euro area countries have fared better than the large ones. This paper reviews policy issues that are important in fostering a speedy adjustment to shocks. We argue that the small countries are well placed to adjust swiftly to asymmetric shocks, because they are well integrated with the rest of the area. An activist fiscal policy is not needed and also not powerful enough to smooth the cycle. However, asset bubbles are a cause of concern as their limited weight means that the common monetary policy is more likely to be out of line with their cyclical position. Large countries are less well placed to cope with shocks and sluggish adjustment can be expected. Reforms should focus on raising trade linkages via the completion of the single market, on improving wage and price flexibility and on making their housing markets ...
    DOI: 10.1787/321284370330
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  • 11
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    Online Resource
    Sectoral Shifts in Europe and the United States : How They Affect Aggregate Labour Shares and the Properties of Wage Equations (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.326
    Keywords: Economics ; United States
    Abstract: This paper sheds light on the importance of aggregation bias in the analysis of wage shares developments over time and across countries. We focus on five European countries and the United States and show that the trend decline in the aggregate wage share observed in these countries over much of the 1980s and 1990s partly reflects changes in the sectoral composition of the economy. The application of a fixed-weight aggregation method changes the profile of the observed wage share in a significant way: in particular there is no longer sign of an overshooting of the wage share levels of the early-1970s. Error-correction wage equations based on the adjusted wage shares generally have a better regression fit and show long-run elasticities of real wages to unemployment that vary less across countries and are substantially lower than those obtained with observed shares. These results are broadly confirmed by wage regressions using sectoral data and the Pooled Mean Group estimator ...
    DOI: 10.1787/763626062738
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  • 12
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    Online Resource
    Overheating in Small Euro Area Economies : Should Fiscal Policy React? (2002)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.323
    Keywords: Economics ; Euro Area
    Abstract: This paper reviews first the fiscal policy recommendations by the EU, the IMF and the OECD for Finland, Greece, Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. All these countries had inflation above the euro area average in early 2001, some by a considerable margin. The fiscal policy prescriptions deviate little, the EU, the IMF and the OECD generally recommending an active use of fiscal policy. There are some exceptions, however. The next section examines indicators of excess demand in these countries. This is followed by a review of the factors that help or hinder market-based adjustment, including simulations to gauge their effect. Market-based adjustment to demand shocks depends critically on whether the effect of a lower real interest rate is strong relative to the loss in competitiveness, on the size of wealth effects, on wage and price setting behavior, on the supply response and on the strength of trade integration. Simulations suggest that market-based ...
    DOI: 10.1787/221680343230
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  • 13
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    The Width of the Intra-European Economic Borders (2001)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.304
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper first provides a brief overview of the literature on market segmentation and then presents an empirical exercise that sheds more light on the significance of border effects across European countries. The literature suggests that integration in the EU goods and financial markets is typically more advanced than among the other OECD countries. On the other hand, integration in Europe remains significantly lower than that observed between regions within countries. The empirical exercise is based on a set of comparable price data of tradeable goods collected just before the launch of the single currency. The paper finds that for a given distance, crossing national borders adds significantly to the price differential across European cities. However, this border effect is substantially smaller than the one found in previous estimates focusing on European and North American cities, which were based on the comparison of much broader price indices such as the consumer price index ...
    DOI: 10.1787/281117327340
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