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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (66)
  • Bayreuth UB
  • MPI-MMG
  • MFK München
  • Online Resource  (66)
  • 2000-2004  (65)
  • 1945-1949  (1)
  • Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands  (66)
  • Philosophy (General)  (64)
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  • Online Resource  (66)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401761741
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXI, 319 p.)
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
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    Keywords: Ethics. ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Klonierung ; Rechtsethik ; Christliche Ethik ; Humangenetik ; Recht ; Mensch ; Klonierung ; Recht
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402021275
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VI, 570 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 78
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    Keywords: Life sciences. ; Ethics. ; Medical ethics. ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Ontology. ; Medical laws and legislation. ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Public health laws ; Bioethik
    Abstract: Introduction: Taking Stock of Bioethics From a Philosophical Perspective -- Introduction: Taking Stock of Bioethics From a Philosophical Perspective -- The Emergence of Bioethics -- The History of Bioethics as a Discipline -- Bioethical Theory -- Principles and Principlism -- Casuistry -- Virtue Theory in Philosophy of Medicine -- Common Morality -- Feminist Approaches to Bioethics -- Four Narrative Approaches to Bioethics -- Philosophy of Medicine and Medical Ethics: A Phenomenological Perspective -- Core Concepts in Clinical Ethics -- The Logic of Health Concepts -- Physicians and Patients in Relation: Clinical Interpretation and Dialogues of Trust -- Informed Consent -- Philosophical Challenges to the Use of Advance Directives -- Ethics Committees and Case Consultation: Theory and Practice -- The Public Policy Context -- The Ethics of Controlled Clinical Trials -- Ethical Issues in the Use of Cost Effectiveness Analysis for the Prioritization of Health Resources -- Sic Et Non: Some Disputed Questions in Reproductive Ethics -- Testing Genes and Constructing Humans — Ethics and Genetics -- Foundations of the Health Professions -- Death, Dying, Euthanasia, and Palliative Care: Perspectives from Philosophy of Medicine and Ethics -- Philosophical Issues in Psychiatry -- Nursing Ethics -- Geroethics -- Ethics and Philosophy of Public Health.
    Abstract: In general, the history of virtue theory is well-documented (Sherman, 1997; O’Neill, 1996). Its relationship to medicine is also recorded in our work and in that of others (Pellegrino and Thomasma, 1993b; 1996; Drane, 1994; Ellos, 1990). General publications stress the importance of training the young in virtuous practices. Still, the popularity of education in virtue is widely viewed as part of a conservative backlash to modern liberal society. Given the authorship of some of these works by professional conservatives like William Bennett (1993; 1995), this concern is authentic. One might correspondingly fear that greater adoption of virtue theory in medicine will be accompanied by a corresponding backward-looking social agenda. Worse yet, does reaffirmation of virtue theory lacquer over the many challenges of the postmodern world view as if these were not serious concerns? After all, recreating the past is the “retro” temptation of our times. Searching for greater certitude than we can now obtain preoccupies most thinkers today. One wishes for the old clarity and certitudes (Engelhardt, 1991). On the other hand, the same thinkers who yearn for the past, like Engelhardt sometimes seems to do, might stress the unyielding gulf between past and present that creates the postmodern reaction to all systems of Enlightenment thought (1996).
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402021244
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 148 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Oncology ; Ethics ; Nursing. ; Medical ethics. ; Cancer research.
    Abstract: The intention behind this anthology is to continue and deepen the discussion about the sedation of dying patients. Those who have contributed constitute a mixture of distinguished bioethicists and doctors and nurses with experience of terminal sedation, some of them in favour of, and others in strong opposition to, voluntary euthanasia. They give their view on terminal sedation by answering questions such as: "Is terminal sedation euthanasia in disguise?", "Should terminal sedation be a part of standard palliative care?", "Should terminal sedation be provided at the patient's request?" This is the first book devoted exclusively to this subject. It does not give the final verdict, but it does contain strong defences by very competent thinkers of the most important and influential positions. It has been published in the hope that it will provoke further thought and discussion. This volume is of interest to students, teachers and professionals working in palliative medicine and medical ethics
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Palliative Options of Last Resort2. Terminal Sedation A Substitute for Euthanasia ? -- 3. Sedation - Unconsciousness - Anaesthesia! What are We Talking About? -- 4. Sedation in Palliative Care - The Doctor’s Perspective -- 5. Terminal Sedation: A Nursing Perspective -- 6. Why Terminal Sedation Is No Solution to the Voluntary -- 7. Terminal Sedation From a Moral Right’s Perspective -- 8. Terminal Sedation and Sanctity-of-Life in Medicine -- 9. Terminal Sedation and the Artefactual Fallacy -- 10. Terminal Sedation: Different Practices, Different Evaluations -- 11. The Sanctity-of-Life and the Active/Passive Distinction.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9781402028274
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 299 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Phaenomenologica 175
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Visker, Rudi, 1959 - The inhuman condition
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Phenomenology ; Difference (Philosophy) ; Differenz ; Philosophie ; Postmoderne ; Heidegger, Martin 1889-1976 ; Differenz ; Lévinas, Emmanuel 1906-1995 ; Differenz
    Abstract: Looking for Difference -- Levinas, Multiculturalism and Us -- In Respectful Contempt Heidegger, Appropriation, Facticity -- Whistling in the Dark Two Approaches to Anxiety -- After Levinas -- The Price of Being Dispossessed Levinas’ God and Freud’s Trauma -- The Mortality of the Transcendent Levinas and Evil -- Is Ethics Fundamental? Questioning Levinas on Irresponsibility -- After Heidegger -- Intransitive Facticity? A Question to Heidegger -- Demons and the Demonic. Kierkegaard and Heidegger on Anxiety and Sexual Difference -- Dissensus Communis How to Keep Silent “after” Lyotard
    Abstract: At the origin of this volume, a simple question: what to make of that surprisingly monotonous series of statements produced by our societies and our philosophers that all converge in one theme - the importance of difference? To clarify the meaning of the difference at stake here, we have tried to rephrase it in terms of the two major and mutually competing paradigms provided by the history of phenomenology only to find both of them equally unable to accommodate this difference without violence. Neither the ethical nor the ontological approach can account for a subject that insists on playing a part of its own rather than following the script provided for it by either Being or the Good. What appears to be, from a Heideggerian or Levinasian perspective, an unwillingness to open up to what offers to deliver us from the condition of subjectivity is analysed in these pages as a structure in its own right. Far from being the wilful, indifferent and irresponsive being its critics have portrayed it to be, the so-called 'postmodern' subject is essentially finite, not even able to assume the transcendence to which it owes its singularity. This inability is not a lack - it points instead to a certain unthought shared by both Heidegger and Levinas which sets the terms for a discussion no longer our own. Instead of blaming Heidegger for underdeveloping 'being-with', we should rather stress that his account of mineness may be, in the light of contemporary philosophy, what stands most in need of revision. And, instead of hailing Levinas as the critic whose stress on the alterity of the Other corrects Heidegger's existential solipsism, the problems into which Levinas runs in defining that alterity call for a different diagnosis and a corresponding change in the course that phenomenology has taken since. Instead of preoccupying itself with the invisible, we should focus on the structures of visibility that protect us from its terror. The result? An account of difference that is neither ontological nor ethical, but 'mè-ontological', and that can help us understand some of the problems our societies have come to face (racism, sexism, multiculturalism, pluralism). And, in the wake of this, an unexpected defence of what is at stake in postmodernism and in the question it has refused to take lightly: who are we? Finally, an homage to Arendt and Lyotard who, if read through each other's lenses, give an exact articulation to the question with which our age struggles: how to think the 'human condition' once one realizes that there is an 'inhuman' side to it which, instead of being its mere negation, turns out to be that without which it would come to lose its humanity?
    URL: Cover
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789401704854
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 278 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy and science. ; Philosophy, modern ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: -Selected papers on Renaissance philosophy and on Thomas Hobbes offers the best work in these fields by the acclaimed historian of philosophy, Karl Schuhmann (1941-2003), displaying the extraordinary range and depth of his unique scholarship, -Topics covered include Renaissance philosophy of nature; the development of the notion of time in early modern philosophy; Telesio's concept of space; Hermetic influences on Pico, Patrizi and Hobbes; Hobbes's Short Tract; Spinoza and Hobbes; Hobbes's political philosophy, -This book brings together, in chronological arrangement, twelve papers. Though these were published before in some form, several were not easily accessible so far, -All articles have been edited in accordance with the author's wishes, and incorporate his later additions and corrections
    Description / Table of Contents: Francis Bacon und Hobbes’ Widmungsbrief zu De CiveGedankenschnelle und Himmelsflug: einige hermetische Motive bei Hobbes -- Methodenfragen bei Spinoza und Hobbes: zum Problem des Einflusses -- Zur Entstehung des neuzeitlichen Zeitbegriffs: Telesio, Patrizi, Gassendi -- Telesio’s Concept of Matter -- Le concept de l’espace chez Telesio -- Giovanni Pico della Mirandola und der Hermetismus: Vom Mitstreiter zum Gegner -- Francesco Patrizi und die hermetische Philosophie -- La notion de loi chez Hobbes -- Hobbes and the Political Thought of Plato and Aristotle -- Hobbes und Gassendi -- Le Short Tract, première œuvre philosophique de Hobbes -- Karl Schuhmann - Bibliography (December 2003).
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402026188
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 276 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with The Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 50
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    Keywords: Epistemology. ; Philosophy. ; Phenomenology . ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Phenomenology
    Abstract: The Development of Hermeneutical Consciousness -- The Development of Hermeneutical Consciousness in Classical Antiquity and the Middle Ages -- The Genesis of Philological-Historical Hermeneutics -- Methodological Hermeneutics -- Toward a General Theory of Understanding -- A Typology of Understanding -- Cultural Understanding -- Method and Methodology -- The Unsolved Problems of Methodological Hermeneutics -- Parts, Wholes, and Circles -- The First Canon and the Philological-Historical Method.
    Abstract: The goal of the investigation is a phenomenological theory of the methods and later the methodology of the human sciences, first of all the philological interpretation of texts. The first part is a critical reflection on the historical development of hermeneutics as method of interpreting texts and the tradition including the first steps toward the emergence of scientific methodological hermeneutics. Such reflections show that the development of hermeneutics is onesidedly founded in the development of hermeneutical consciousness, i.e. the changing attitudes in the application and rejection of cultural traditions. All methods and finally methodologies are onesidedly founded in the activities of the lifeworld. The second part is a first attempt to develop an outline of a general phenomenological theory of pre-methodical and methodical understanding in the lifeworld. The third part offers a critical phenomenologically guided analysis of methodological hermeneutics. .
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402025396
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XV, 159 p. 3 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Series Statement: International Library of Ethics, Law, and the New Medicine 18
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    Keywords: Political philosophy. ; Ethics. ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Ethics ; Philosophy (General) ; Political science Philosophy ; Todesstrafe ; Medizinische Ethik ; Todesstrafe ; Medizinische Ethik
    Abstract: Medicalisation of Capital Punishment -- Role/Professional Versus Ordinary Morality -- The Morality of Euthanasia and Its Implications for the Medicalisation of Capital Punishment -- The Military Doctor -- Medical Involvement in the Wider Capital Punishment Process -- Kantian Theory -- Utilitarian Arguments for Medicalisation -- The Medical Doctor and a Condemned Prisoner.
    Abstract: The morality of capital punishment has been debated for a long time. This however has 1 not resulted in the settlement of the question either way. Philosophers are still divided. In this work I am not addressing the morality of capital punishment per se. My question is different but related. It is this. Whether or not capital punishment is morally right, is it moral or immoral for medical doctors to be involved in the practice? To deal with this question I start off in Chapter One delineating the sort of involvement the medical associations consider to be morally problematic for medical doctors in capital punishment. They make a distinction between what they call 2 “medicalisation” of and “involvement” in capital punishment, and argue that there is a moral distinction between the two. Whilst it is morally acceptable for doctors to be “involved” in capital punishment, according to the medical associations, it is immoral to medicalise the practice. I clarify this position and show what moral issues arise. I then suggest that there should not be a distinction between the two. The medical associations argue that the medicalisation of capital punishment, especially the use by medical doctors of lethal injection to execute condemned prisoners is immoral and therefore should be prohibited, because it involves doctors in doing what is against the aims of medicine.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-152) and index
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402020810
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(II, 358 p. 123 illus., 11 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Series Statement: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 38
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    Keywords: Statistical physics. ; Dynamical systems. ; Optical data processing. ; Cognitive psychology. ; Artificial intelligence. ; System theory. ; Image processing—Digital techniques. ; Computer vision. ; Mathematical physics. ; Philosophy (General) ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer vision ; Physics ; Engineering ; Consciousness ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Erkenntnistheorie ; Kognitive Entwicklung
    Abstract: Seeing and Thinking: A New Approach -- Neural Models of Seeing and Thinking -- Functional Architecture of the Visual Cortex and Variational Models for Kanizsa’s Modal Subjective Contours -- Gestalt Theory and Computer Vision -- Towards an Analytic Phenomenology: The Concepts of “Bodiliness” and “Grabbiness” -- Internal Representations of Sensory Input Reflect the Motor Output with Which Organisms Respond to the Input -- Movemes for Modeling Biological Motion Perception -- Form Constraints in Motion Integration, Segmentation and Selection -- Scintillations, Extinctions, and Other New Visual Effects -- Commonalities between Visual Imagery and Imagery in Other Modalities; an Investigation by Means of fMRI -- Forms and Schemes of Perceptual and Cognitive Self-Organisation -- Microgenesis, Immediate Experience and Visual Processes in Reading -- Language, Space and the Theory of Semantic Forms -- Emotion-Cognition Interaction and Language -- Appearance of Structure and Emergence of Meaning in the Visual System -- The Embodied Meaning: Self-Organisation and Symbolic Dynamics in Visual Cognition.
    Abstract: According to Putnam to talk of “facts” without specifying the language to be used is to talk of nothing; “object” itself has many uses and as we creatively invent new uses of words “we find that we can speak of ‘objects’that were not ‘values of any variable’in 1 any language we previously spoke” . The notion of object becomes, then, like the notion of reference, a sort of open land, an unknown territory. The exploration of this land - pears to be constrained by use and invention. But, we may wonder, is it possible to guide invention and control use? In what way, in particular, is it possible, at the level of na- ral language, to link together program expressions and natural evolution? To give an answer to these onerous questions we should immediately point out that cognition (as well as natural language) has to be considered first of all as a peculiar fu- tion of active biosystems and that it results from complex interactions between the - ganism and its surroundings. “In the moment an organism perceives an object of wh- ever kind, it immediately begins to ‘interpret’this object in order to react properly to it . . . It is not necessary for the monkey to perceive the tree in itself. . . What counts is sur- 2 vival” .
    Description / Table of Contents: ""Preliminaries""; ""TABLE OF CONTENTS""; ""ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS""; ""INTRODUCTION""; ""NEURAL MODELS OF SEEING AND THINKING""; ""FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE OF THE VISUAL CORTEX AND VARIATIONAL MODELS FOR KANIZSA�S MODAL SUBJECTIVE CONTOUR""; ""GESTALT THEORY AND COMPUTER VISION""; ""TOWARDS AN ANALYTIC PHENOMENOLOGY""; ""INTERNAL REPRESENTATIONS OF SENSORY INPUT REFLECT THE MOTOR OUTPUT WITH WHICH ORGANISMS RESPOND TO THE INPUT""; ""MOVEMES FOR MODELING BIOLOGICAL MOTION PEPCEPTION""; ""FORM CONSTRAINTS IN MOTION INTEGRATION, SEGMENTATION AND SELECTION""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""SCINTILLATIONS, EXTINCTIONS AND OTHER NEW VISUAL EFFECTS""""COMMONALITIES BETWEEN VISUAL IMAGERY AND IMAGERY IN OTHER MODALITIES""; ""MICROGENESIS, IMMEDIATE EXPERIENCE AND VISUAL PROCESSES IN READING""; ""LANGUAGE, SPACE AND THE THEORY OF SEMANTIC FORMS""; ""EMOTION-COGNITION INTERACTION AND LANGUAGE""; ""APPEARANCE OF STRUCTURE AND EMERGENCE OF MEANING IN THE VISUAL SYSTEM""; ""THE EMBODIED MEANING""; ""NAME INDEX""; ""SUBJECT INDEX""
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and indexes
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402029738
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VIII, 222 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Series Statement: International Library of Ethics, Law, and the New Medicine 22
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Political philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Ethics. ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Humanities ; Ethics ; medicine Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Hochschulschrift
    Abstract: Tragic Decisions -- Patient Selection and Medical Utility -- The Comparative Value of Lives -- Medical Utility Judgements and Rights -- Adequate Conscious Life and Age-Related Need -- Fair Innings and Need over a Lifetime -- Levels of Benefit, Utility Scores and the QALY Debate -- An Egalitarian Ethos -- A Threshold Level of Medical Benefit -- Waiting Lists and Lotteries in Practice -- Common Humanity and Reandom Selection -- Chance and the Challenge of Living.
    Abstract: Bioethicists, moral philosophers and social policy analysts have long debated about how we should decide who shall be saved with scarce, lifesaving resources when not all can be saved. It is often claimed that it is fairer to save younger persons and that age is an ethically relevant consideration in such tragic decisions. Medical benefit should be maximized and final selection should aim to minimize the contaminating influence of chance. These claims are challenged by Duff R. Waring in Medical Benefit and the Human Lottery, one of the few books that attempts a sustained defence of random patient selection. This book combines ethics and political philosophy in its novel and strict egalitarian approach to patient selection for transplantable organs. Waring addresses the question of whether we should choose between lives on the basis of fair chances or best outcomes. He argues that final selection criteria should be based on fair chances that equalize opportunity as opposed to best outcomes. His defence of "hardy" egalitarianism aims to show that random selection by lottery can affirm both a common humanity and the equal value of lives. The notion of patient selection by lottery has not fared well in bioethics and has been regarded by some as a moral affront. Waring argues that a human selection lottery may be neither as crude nor as ethically anomalous as some have supposed. Indeed, it can reflect a familiar conception of equality as a political and moral ideal. This conception abstracts from many undeniable differences between patients and claims that scarce resources should be allocated on the principled assumption that each of their lives is equally worth saving. The book is also notable for its critiques of some recent utilitarian notions of medical benefit which can have an age-biased impact on elderly patients. Waring then argues against the leading, contemporary age-based approaches to patient selection. He explores the way random selection by lottery can affirm his egalitarian ethos in cases where eligible transplant candidates have each passed a threshold level of prospective medical benefit that has been set by democratic deliberation. Taming chance with a human lottery is defended as the most lucid means of ensuring equal opportunity. In so doing, Waring argues that we give the principle of equal concern and respect a radical expression: above a noncomparative threshold of medical benefit, each candidate can have an equal claim to life.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402022456
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VIII, 321 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 83
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    Keywords: Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Cognitive psychology. ; Phenomenology . ; Anthropology. ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Philosophy—History. ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Anthropology ; Phänomenologie
    Abstract: The Ontopoietic Spread of the Logos of Life -- Around the Aretelogical Challenge of the “ontopoiesis of Life” -- The Cipher as the Unity of Signifier and Signified -- “Ontopoi?sis” and the Interpretation of Plato’s “khÔra” -- Self-individualization as the Main Principle in the Phenomenology of Life -- The Individualized Living Being as Node in Networks of Significant Affairs within a Vital System -- A Philosophy of the Unsayable: Apophasis and the Experience of Truth and Totality -- Creative Imagination Ciphering the Moral Discourse Between the Self and the Other -- Creative Process as a Factor and Condition of the Phenomenology of Life -- Levinas’ Disruptive Imagination: Time, Self and the Other -- Human Life as a Creative Completion of an An-archical Promise of Goodness in the Philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas -- The Ethical Orientation of the Art of Human Creativity in the Book Ethics of Value and Hope by J. Tischner -- Creative “Représentance”: Ricoeur on Care, Death and History -- The Productive Function of the Will in the Philosophical Thought of William James -- The ‘Is-Ought Question’ Once More Reconsidered -- Multiple Rays of Creative Imagination Ciphering the Elemental Expansion of the Human Condition -- Wilderness: A Zoocentric Phenomenology — from Hediger to Heidegger -- Gewalt und Passibilität des Lebens: Entwurf Einer Praktischen Phänomenologie -- “African Vitalogy”: The African Mind and Spirituality -- The Tales of the Woods -- What the Eyes Alone Cannot See: Lakota Phenomenology and the Vision Quest -- The Ontopoiesis of the Dwelling: Art as Construction of a Human Space -- Frank Lloyd Wright’s “Organic Architecture”: An Ecological Approach in Theory and Practice -- The Creative Inwardness As a Forge of the Novel Types of Aesthetic Ciphers -- Creative Inwardness in Early Modern Italian Thought -- Creativity and Aesthetic Experience: The Problem of the Possibility of Beauty and Sensitiveness -- Confirmations of ‘life’ in a Phenomenology of Poetic Images -- The Sense of Creativity by Andrei Tarkovski -- Twilight of the Eidos: The Question of Form in Heidegger’s Reading of Nietzsche’s Thought upon Art -- Traditional Works of Art and Networks of Art: Phenomenological Reflection -- Vincent Van Gogh’s Five Bedrooms at Arles: An Analysis of Creative Copies -- Figureless Landscape: The Persistence of the Sublime in American Landscape Painting -- The Aestheticization of Life by Photography -- The Convergent ‘I’: Empathy as an Aesthetic Category -- Mass-media Communication as a Possible Creative Source -- La Modernidad y la Filosofía de la Historia -- Creativity, Intentionality, Hermeneutics; Husserlian Inquiries -- The Function of Intentionality and the Function of Creativity; A.-T. Tymieniecka and E. Husserl: A Confrontation -- Creativity in Husserl’s Impulsive Intentionality -- Merleau-Ponty and Expressive Life: A Hermeneutical Study -- The Philosophical Psyche and Creativity -- Sein und Zeit in the Works of Edith Stein -- Creative Imagination in the Invention of Ciphers of the Cognitive Scientific Logos -- Transworld Individuals Versus David Lewis’s Creation of Counterpart Individuals -- The Endurance of Aesthetic Objects and the Relative Durability of Scientific Theories -- Phenomenology of Creative Application of Mathematical Analogy in Arts and Literature -- The Analogy Between “Orthodox” Quantum Theory and Polyphony of Fiction -- A Systemic Typology of Scientific Phenomena -- New Humanism.
    Abstract: The fulgurating power of creative imagination - Imaginatio Creatrix - setting in motion the Human Condition within the-unity-of-everything there-is-alive is the key to the rebirth of philosophy. From as early as 1971 (see the third volume of the Analecta Husserliana series, The Phenomenological Realism of the Possible Worlds, Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, ed.), Imaginatio Creatrix has been the leitmotif for the research work of the World Phenomenology Institute (now published in eighty-three Analecta Husserliana volumes), one that is eliciting echoes from all around. Husserl's diagnosis of a crisis in Western science and culture, the inspiration of much of postmodern phenomenology, has yielded place to a wave of scientific discovery, technological invention, and change in societal life, individual lifestyles, the arts, etc. These throw a glaring light on human creative genius and the crucial role of the imagination that gives it expression. This present collection is an instance of that expression and the response it evokes. It manifests the role of imagination in forming and interpreting our world -in-transformation in a new way and opens our eyes to marvel at the new world on the way. Papers by: Semiha Akinci, John Baldacchino, Angela Ales Bello, Elif Cirakman, Tracy Colony, Carmen Cozma, Charles de Brantes, Mamuka G. Dolidze, Edward Domagala, Shannon Driscoll, Nader E1-Bizri, Ignacy Fiut, William Franke, Elga Freiberga, Beata Furgalska, Nicoletta Ghigi, Jennifer Anna Gosetti-Ferencei, David Grünberg, Oliver W. Holmes, Milan Jaros, Rolf Kühn, Maija Kule, Rimma Kurenkova, Matthew Landrus, Nancy Mardas, David Martinez, William D. Melaney, Mieczyslaw, Pawel Migon, Martin Nkafu Nkemnkia, Leszek Pyra, W. Kim Rogers, Bruce Ross, Osvaldo Rossi, Julio E. Rubio, Diane G. Scillia, Mina Sehdev, Dennis E. Skocz, Mariola Sulkowska, Robert D. Sweeney, Jan Szmyd, Piero Trupia, Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, Richard T. Webster.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402022241
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXII, 202 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies in Contemporary Culture 11
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    Keywords: Political science. ; Philosophy. ; Religion. ; Ethics. ; Law—Philosophy. ; Ethics ; Philosophy of Law ; Philosophy (General) ; Religion (General) ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Naturrecht ; Ethik
    Abstract: Confronting Moral Pluralism: Assessing Universal Applicability -- Natural Law and Global Ethics -- Natural Law and Moral Pluralism -- Natural Law and Modern Meta-Ethics -- Moral Identity and the Natural Law Theory -- Engaging The Limits of Human Nature -- Global Ethics and Natural Law -- Natural Law and Conflict -- Natural Law and Historical Mindedness -- An Assessment of the Requirements of the Study of Natural Law -- Beyond Rationalistic Philosophy: Assessing Universal Accessibility -- Natural Law and Global Ethics -- The Perversity of Thomistic Natural Law Theory -- Natural Law and the Free Church Tradition -- Natural Law and the Free Church Tradition: A Biblicist Responds -- The Natural Law Tradition and a Culture in Crisis -- Insights and Hindsights from Seeking a Global Ethic.
    Abstract: Accounts of natural law moral philosophy and theology sought principles and precepts for morality, law, and other forms of social authority, whose prescriptive force was not dependent for validity on human decision, social influence, past tradition, or cultural convention, but through natural reason itself. This volume critically explores and assesses our contemporary culture wars in terms of: the possibility of natural law moral philosophy and theology to provide a unique, content-full, canonical morality; the character and nature of moral pluralism; the limits of justifiable national and international policy seeking to produce and preserve human happiness, social justice, and the common good; the ways in which morality, moral epistemology, and social political reform must be set within the broader context of an appropriately philosophically and theologically anchored anthropology. This work will be of interest to philosophers, theologians, bioethicists, ethicists and political scientists.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 12
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402030673
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XX, 508 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 189
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    Keywords: Philosophy. ; Medieval philosophy. ; Philosophy of mind. ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Philosophy—History. ; Philosophy, Medieval. ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, medieval ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy
    Abstract: Fantasy and the Historiography of Imagination -- Outlines of Perennial Philosophy -- Glory -- Divine Names -- Kosmos Anthropos -- Archetypes -- Spiritual Spaces -- Theology of Time -- The Return of Time -- Epochs and Eras -- Translatio Sapientiae -- The Echo of Perennial Philosophy -- Schelling's “World-Ages”.
    Abstract: The study features the five most important and most efficacious themes of Western spirituality in their ancient historical origins and in their unfolding up to early modernity: Divine names, Microkosmos-Makrokosmos, theories of creation, the idea of spiritual spaces, and the concepts of eschatological history.
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  • 13
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402024917
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XV, 181 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Series Statement: Topoi Library 5
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    Keywords: Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Aesthetics. ; Metaphysics. ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Philosophy—History. ; Aesthetics ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von 1775-1854 ; Ästhetik ; Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von 1775-1854 ; Ästhetik
    Abstract: The Dissertation of 1792 on the Origin of Evil -- Schelling’s Timæus -- The Essay on the Possibility of a Form of All Philosophy (1794) -- The Opposition Between the Unconditional -- The Dramatization of Contrast -- The Paradox of Opposition -- Philosophy of Nature -- The System of Transcendental Idealism (1800) -- Epilogue on Earth.
    Abstract: This book is not a merely historical reconstruction of Schelling’s thought; its main goal is to provide a contribution for a better comprehension of the importance of the philosophical quest of the young German philosopher from within, which represents a turning point for the whole thought of modernity. I did not describe the various fields of Schelling’s work, but I pointed out the central position of his Aesthetics, through the analysis of the inner mechanisms of his concepts. This mechanism, in my opinion, shows the reason why an Aesthetic philosophy is possible, and why its origin can be traced to Kant’s Aesthetics (particularly in Kant’s Critique of Judgement) and in the speculations of the early post-Kantian philosophy. The young Schelling’s philosophical problems precede his encounter with Fichte’s philosophy. Schelling discovers these problems, related to Plato, Aristotle, Spinoza, Wolff, Leibniz and Kant, in the protestant college of the Stift in Tübingen. Fichte confirmed the necessity of an urgent reform of transcendental philosophy, and offered to the young philosopher a philosophical dictionary and an orientation. Schelling exploited these resources with a great degree of autonomy, independence and originality. In these years Hölderlin’s influence on Schelling was much greater. Schelling’s and Hölderlin’s speculations, in these crucial years, were tightly connected.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9780306480171
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer-11648 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library 161
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Science—Philosophy. ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Frau ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; Frau ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie
    Abstract: Woman is Not a Rational Animal: On Aristotle’S Biology of Reproduction -- Aristotle and the Politicization of the Soul -- The Unit of Political Analysis: Our Aristotelian Hangover -- Have Only Men Evolved? -- Evolution and Patriarchal Myths of Scarcity and Competition -- Charlotte Perkins Gilman: Forerunner of a Feminist Social Science -- The Trivialization of the Notion of Equality -- How Can Language be Sexist? -- A Paradigm of Philosophy: The Adversary Method -- The Man of Professional Wisdom -- Gender and Science -- The Mind’S Eye -- Individualism and the Objects of Psychology -- Political Philosophy and the Patriarchal Unconscious: A Psychoanalytic Perspective on Epistemology and Metaphysics -- The Feminist Standpoint: Developing the Ground for a Specifically Feminist Historical Materialism -- Why Has the Sex/Gender System Become Visible Only Now?.
    Abstract: Are Western epistemology, metaphysics, methodology and the philosophy of science grounded only in men's distinctive understandings of themselves, others, and nature? Does this less than human understanding distort our models of reason and of scientific inquiry? In different ways, the papers in this collection explore the evidence for these increasingly reasonable and intriguing questions. They identify how it is distinctively masculine perspectives on masculine experience which have shaped the most fundamental and formal aspects of systematic thought in philosophy and the natural and social sciences - precisely the aspects of thought believed most gender-neutral. They show how these understandings ground Aristotle's biology and metaphysics; the very definition of the problems of philosophy in Plato, Descartes, Hobbes and Rousseau; the `adversary method' which is the paradigm of philosophic and scientific reasoning; principles of individuation in philosophical ontology and the philosophy of language; individualistic assumptions in psychology; functionalism in sociological and biological theory; evolutionary theory; the methodology of political science; Marxist political economy; and conceptions of `objective inquiry' in the social and natural sciences. These essays also begin to identify for us the distictive aspects of women's experience which can provide the resources needed for the creation of a truly human understanding. Audience: The book will be of interest to those involved in epistemology, and philosophy of the natural and social sciences, as well as feminist scholars in philosophy. The work will also be of value for theorists, methodologists, and feminist scholars in the natural and social sciences.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 15
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402021961
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(X, 359 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Institute Vienna Circle, University of Vienna Vienna Circle Society, Society for the Advancement of Scientific World Conceptions 11
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    Keywords: Philosophy and science. ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Logic. ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Philosophy—History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; Science Philosophy
    Abstract: Induction and Deduction in the Philosophy of Science: a Critical Account since the Methodenstreit -- Historicizing Deduction: Scientific Method, Critical Debate, and the Historian -- Inference to the Best Theory, rather than Inference to the Best Explanation — Kinds of Abduction and Induction -- The Significance of Explanatory Considerations -- Truth-seeking by Abduction -- Inference to the Best Explanation and Bayesianism -- Adaptive Logics and the Integration of Induction and Deduction -- Argument, Inference and Reasoning — Integrating Induction and Deduction -- Laws are Persistent Inductive Schemes -- Physical Intuition as Inductive Support -- Frege, Neo-Logicism and Applied Mathematics -- Remarks About a “General Science of Reasoning” -- Two Questions About the Revival of Frege’s Programme -- Handling Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, and the Bayesian Controversy -- Artificial Intelligence and Its Methodological Implications -- Supplying Planks for Neurath’s Boat: Can Economists Meet the Demands of the Dynamics of Scientific Theories? -- Informational Economy and Creativity -- The Place of the Notion of Corroboration in Karl Popper’s Philosophy of Science -- How can a Falsified Theory Remain Corroborated ? -- Inductivism in 19th Century German Economics -- The Uniformity of Nature: What Purpose does it Serve? -- Planning, Democratization and Popularization with ISOTYPE, ca. 1945: a Study of Otto Neurath’s Pictorial Statistics with the Example of Bilston, England -- Reviews -- Activities 2003 -- Preview 2004 -- Remembering Dick Jeffrey (1926-2002) (Maria Carla Galavotti) -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: The articles in this volume deal with the main inferential methods that can be applied to different kinds of experimental evidence. These contributions - accompanied with critical comments - by renowned scholars in the field of philosophy of science aim at removing the traditional opposition between inductivists and deductivists. They explore the different methods of explanation and justification in the sciences in different contexts and with different objectives. The volume contains contributions on methods of the sciences, especially on induction, deduction, abduction, laws, probability and explanation, ranging from logic, mathematics, natural to the social sciences. They present a highly topical pluralist re-evaluation of methodological and foundational procedures and reasoning, e.g. focusing in Bayesianism and Artificial Intelligence. They document the second international conference in Vienna on "Induction and Deduction in the Sciences" as part of the Scientific Network on "Historical and Contemporary Perspectives of Philosophy of Science in Europe", funded by the European Science Foundation (ESF).
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS; A Critical Account since the Methodenstreit
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 16
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402028922
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VI, 233 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Series Statement: Contributions to Phenomenology, In Cooperation with The Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology 52
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    Keywords: Epistemology. ; Phenomenology . ; Cognitive psychology. ; Philosophy of mind. ; Neuropsychology. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Psychology, clinical ; Consciousness
    Abstract: Situational Understanding: A Gurwitschian Critique of Theory of Mind -- Vertical Context after Gurwitsch -- Schizophrenia: A Disturbance of the Thematic Field -- Intentionality, Consciousness, and Intentional Relations: From Phenomenology to Cognitive Science -- The Experience of the Present Moment -- Field Theories of Mind and Brain -- The Marginal Body -- Experimental Evidence for Three Dimensions of Attention -- The Structure of Context and Context Awareness -- The Field of Consciousness as a Living System: Toward a Naturalized Phenomenology of Cognition -- The Three Species of Relevancy in Gurwitsch -- Kinds of Knowledge: Phenomenology and the Sciences.
    Abstract: When I heard the rumor that the findings about the central nervous system obtained with new technology, such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET), were too subtle to correlate with the crude results of many decades of behavioristic psychology, and that some psychologists were now turning to descriptions of subjective phenomena in William James, Edmund Husserl, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty—and even in Buddhism—I asked myself, “Why not Aron Gurwitsch as well?” After all, my teacher regularly reflected on the types, basic concepts, and methods of psychology, worked with Adhémar Gelb and Kurt Goldstein in the institute investigating brain-injured veterans at Frankfurt in the 1920s, conspicuously employed Gestalt theory to revise central Husserlian doctrines, and taught Merleau-Ponty a thing or two. That the last book from his Nachlass had recently been published and that I had recently written an essay on his theory of 1 psychology no doubt helped crystallize this project for me. What is “cognitive science”? At one point in assembling this volume I polled the participants, asking whether they preferred “the cognitive sciences” or “cognitive science. ” Most who answered preferred the latter expression. There is still some vagueness here for me, but I do suspect that cognitive science is 2 another example of what I call a “multidiscipline. ” A multidiscipline includes participants who confront a set of issues that is best approached under more than one disciplinary perspective.
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  • 17
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402022388
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVIII, 246 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 188
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    Keywords: Philosophy. ; Religion. ; History. ; Philosophy—History. ; History ; Philosophy (General) ; Religion (General) ; Science Congresses history ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Newton, Isaac 1643-1727 ; Newton, Isaac 1643-1727 ; Rezeption ; Newton, Isaac 1643-1727 ; Religion ; Newton, Isaac 1643-1727
    Abstract: The New Newtonian Scholarship and the Fate of the Scientific Revolution -- Plans for Publishing Newton’s Religious and Alchemical Manuscripts, 1982–1998 -- Digitizing Isaac: The Newton Project and an Electronic Edition of Newton’s Papers -- Was Newton a Voluntarist? -- Providence and Newton’s Pantokrator: Natural Law, Miracles, and Newtonian Science -- Eighteenth-Century Reactions to Newton’s Anti-Trinitarianism -- Prosecuting Athanasius: Protestant Forensics and the Mirrors of Persecution -- Lust, Pride, and Ambition: Isaac Newton and the Devil -- Women, Science, and Newtonianism: Emilie du Châtelet versus Francesco Algarotti -- Reflections on Newton’s Alchemy in Light of the New Historiography of Alchemy -- The Trouble with Newton in the Eighteenth Century.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Proceedings of a conference held in Nov. 2000 at the William Andrews Clark Memorial Library
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  • 18
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402020742
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 368 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Series Statement: Studies in Philosophy and Religion 25
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    Keywords: Religion. ; Philosophy. ; Metaphysics. ; Humanities ; Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Religion (General)
    Abstract: Philosophy of Religion for a New Century: Introduction -- The Future of Religion in the West: Prospects at the Beginning of a Millennium -- The Grammar of Transcendence -- Does Philosophy Tolerate Christening? Thomas Aquinas and the Notion of Christian Philosophy -- God in the Summa Theologiae: Entity or Event? -- Morality and Scientific Naturalism: Overcoming the Conflicts -- Value Judgments, God, and Ecological Ecumenism -- An Audience for Philosophy of Religion? -- What’s a Philosopher of Religion to Do? -- Nietzsche and Christians with Beautiful Feet -- The Religious (Re)Turn in Recent French Philosophy -- Instances: Levinas on Art and Truth -- Appropriating Beginnings: Creation and Natality -- ‘Moralizing’ Love In Philosophy of Religion -- The Role of Concepts of God in Cross Cultural Comparative Theology -- God and Nothingness: Two Sides of the Same Coin? -- Universal Religion and Comparative Philosophy -- Religion and Politics, Fear and Duty -- On the Proper Roles of Secular Reason and Religious Reason in a Liberal Democracy -- Eugene Thomas Long: A Brief Biography -- The Works of Eugene Thomas Long.
    Abstract: Philosophy of Religion for a New Century represents the work of nineteen scholars presented at a conference in honor of Eugene T. Long at the University of South Carolina, April 5-6, 2002. This volume is a good example of philosophy in dialogue; there is both respect and genuine disagreement. First, an account of our present situation in the Philosophy of Religion is given, leading to a discussion of the very idea of a 'Christian Philosophy' and the coherence of the traditional concept of God. The implications of science and a concern for the environment in our concepts of God are carefully examined. A discussion follows on the possibility of speech about God and silence about God. Since much of modern European philosophy is concerned with the `Death of God' theme, the positions of Nietzsche and some of his twentieth-century interpreters are presented. There are presentations on Feminist Approaches to Philosophy of Religion, and Comparative Religion is examined in relation to cultures and the demands of rationality. The volume concludes with a critical dialogue on the relation of Religious Discourse to the Public Sphere. Developing global awareness has led to significant change in the Philosophy of Religion. One-dimensional approaches have given way to honest dialogue. The traditional boundaries between the secular and the religious have shifted, and new approaches to traditional problems are required. This volume presents examples of these new approaches.
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS; List of Authors; Preface; Philosophy of Religion for a New Century: Introduction; The Future of Religion in the West: Prospects at the Beginning of a Millennium ; The Grammar of Transcendence; Does Philosophy Tolerate Christening? Thomas Aquinas and the Notion of Christian Philosophy ; God in the Summa Theologiae: Entity or Event?; Morality and Scientific Naturalism: Overcoming the Conflicts; Value Judgments, God, and Ecological Ecumenism; An Audience for Philosophy of Religion?; What's a Philosopher of Religion to Do?; Nietzsche and Christians with Beautiful Feet
    Description / Table of Contents: The Religious (Re)Turn in Recent French PhilosophyInstances: Levinas on Art and Truth; Appropriating Beginnings: Creation and Natality; 'Moralizing' Love In Philosophy of Religion; The Role of Concepts of God in Cross Cultural Comparative Theology ; God and Nothingness: Two Sides of the Same Coin?; Universal Religion and Comparative Philosophy; Religion and Politics, Fear and Duty; On the Proper Roles of Secular Reason and Religious Reason in a Liberal Democracy ; Eugene Thomas Long: A Brief Biography; The Works of Eugene Thomas Long; Index
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 19
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    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402030147
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXIII, 659 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 325
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    Keywords: Philosophy. ; Philosophy of mind. ; Ethics. ; Metaphysics. ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy of mind
    Abstract: Personal Borders -- Border Control -- Physiological Borders -- Neurological Borders -- Spatial Borders -- Psychological Borders -- Causal Borders -- Metaphysical Borders -- Identity Borders -- Phenomenological Borders -- Transcendental Borders -- Moral Borders.
    Abstract: Borders enclose and separate us. We assign to them tremendous significance. Along them we draw supposedly uncrossable boundaries within which we believe our individual identities begin and end, erecting the metaphysical dividing walls that enclose each one of us into numerically identical, numerically distinct, entities: persons. Do the borders between us—physical, psychological, neurological, causal, spatial, temporal, etc.—merit the metaphysical significance ordinarily accorded them? The central thesis of I Am You is that our borders do not signify boundaries between persons. We are all the same person. Variations on this heretical theme have been voiced periodically throughout the ages (the Upanishads, Averroës, Giordano Bruno, Josiah Royce, Schrödinger, Fred Hoyle, Freeman Dyson). In presenting his arguments, the author relies on detailed analyses of recent formal work on personal identity, especially that of Derek Parfit, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert Nozick, David Wiggins, Daniel C. Dennett and Thomas Nagel, while incorporating the views of Descartes, Leibniz, Wittgenstein, Schopenhauer, Kant, Husserl and Brouwer. His development of the implied moral theory is inspired by, and draws on, Rawls, Sidgwick, Kant and again Parfit. The traditional, commonsense view that we are each a separate person numerically identical to ourselves over time, i.e., that personal identity is closed under known individuating and identifying borders—what the author calls Closed Individualism—is shown to be incoherent. The demonstration that personal identity is not closed but open points collectively in one of two new directions: either there are no continuously existing, self-identical persons over time in the sense ordinarily understood—the sort of view developed by philosophers as diverse as Buddha, Hume and most recently Derek Parfit, what the author calls Empty Individualism—or else you are everyone, i.e., personal identity is not closed under known individuating and identifying borders, what the author calls Open Individualism. In making his case, the author: * offers a new explanation both of consciousness and of self-consciousness * constructs a new theory of Self * explains psychopathologies (e.g. multiple personality disorder, schizophrenia) * shows Open Individualism to be the best competing explanation of who we are * provides the metaphysical foundations for global ethics. The book is intended for philosophers and the philosophically inclined—physicists, mathematicians, psychiatrists, psychologists, linguists, computer scientists, economists, and communication theorists. It is accessible to graduate students and advanced undergraduates.
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  • 20
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    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402020414
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 238 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2004.
    Series Statement: Jaakko Hintikka Selected Papers 6
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    Keywords: Philosophy. ; Epistemology. ; History. ; Philosophy, Ancient. ; Ontology. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy—History. ; Ontology ; History ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Genetic epistemology ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aristoteles v384-v322 ; Logik
    Abstract: On Aristotle’s Notion of Existence -- Semantical Games, the Alleged Ambiguity of “Is”, and Aristotelian Categories -- Aristotle’s Theory of Thinking and Its Consequences for His Methodology -- On the Role of Modality in Aristotle’s Metaphysics -- On the Ingredients of An Aristotelian Science -- Aristotelian Axiomatics and Geometrical Axiomotics -- Aristotelian Induction -- Aristotelian Explanations -- Aristotle’s Incontinent Logician -- On the Development of Aristotle’s Ideas of Scientific Method and the Structure of Science -- What Was Aristotle Doing in His Early Logic, Anyway? A Reply to Woods and Hansen -- Concepts of Scientific Method from Aristotle to Newton -- The Fallacy of Fallacies -- Socratic Questioning, Logic and Rhetoric.
    Abstract: Aristotle thought of his logic and methodology as applications of the Socratic questioning method. In particular, logic was originally a study of answers necessitated by earlier answers. For Aristotle, thought-experiments were real experiments in the sense that by realizing forms in one's mind, one can read off their properties and interrelations. Treating forms as independent entities, knowable one by one, committed Aristotle to his mode of syllogistic explanation. He did not think of existence, predication and identity as separate senses of estin. Aristotle thus serves as an example of a thinker who did not rely on the distinction between the allegedly different Fregean senses, thereby shedding new light on our own conceptual presuppositions. This collection comprises several striking interpretations that Jaakko Hintikka has put forward over the years, constituting a challenge not only to Aristotelian scholars and historians of ideas, but to everyone interested in logic, epistemology or metaphysics and in their history.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9781402023125
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IV, 198 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Social Indicators Research Series 23
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Psychology, clinical ; Quality of Life ; Quality of Life Research ; Psychology. ; Clinical psychology.
    Abstract: This title is a must-read for anyone interested in deepening their understanding of the behaviours of children and adolescents. It focuses on measurement issues related to the subjective well-being of children and adolescents as opposed to current objective measurements. The volume contains eight chapters that represent a significant advancement in our understanding of life satisfaction in specific age groups, behavioural context, and cultures. The first chapter provides a synthesis of assessment research directed at children and youth. The subsequent chapters offer an in-depth look at subpopulations of youth and specific behaviours. Together the chapters demonstrate the importance of considering the role of life satisfaction across age groups and situations. This volume will be of interest to researchers in government and academia, social psychologists, those working in the prevention sciences, and others who focus on assessing the quality of life and well-being of children and adolescents
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9781402027833
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 179 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 99
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Humanities ; Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Every two years since 1989, an international colloquium on cognitive science is held in Donostia - San Sebastian, attracting the most important researchers in that field. This volume is a collection of the invited papers to the Sixth International Colloquium on Cognitive Science (ICCS-99), written from a multidisciplinary, cognitive perspective, and addressing various essential topics such as self-knowledge, intention, consciousness, language use, learning and discourse. This collection reflects not only the various interdisciplinary origins and standpoints of the participating researchers, but also the richness, fruitfulness, and exciting state of research in the field of cognitive science today. A must-read for anyone interested in philosophy, linguistics, psychology, and computer science, and in the perception of these topics from the perspective of cognitive science
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionSelf-Knowledge And Externalism -- Aunty's Argument And Armchair Knowledge -- Emotional And Conversational Nonverbal Signals -- Focus In Discourse: Alternative Semantics Vs. A Representational Approach In SDRT -- On Collective Intentions -- The Plurality Of Consciousness -- The Role Of Unlabeled Data in Supervised Learning -- Cognitive Neuroscience And The Unity Of The Study Of Cognition -- Consciousness And Self-Knowledge -- Twelve Varieties Of Subjectivity: Dividing In Hopes Of Conquest -- Name Index -- Subject Index.
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  • 23
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    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9780306482144
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXIII, 427 p. 6 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2003.
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Institute Vienna Circle, University of Vienna Vienna Circle Society, Society for the Advancement of Scientific World Conceptions 10
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    Keywords: Philosophy and science. ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy. ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy of nature. ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Philosophy—History. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy of Nature ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy, modern ; Science Philosophy ; Konferenzschrift 2001 ; Wiener Kreis ; Neopositivismus
    Abstract: What is the Vienna Circle? -- What is the Vienna Circle? -- Origins and History -- Pluralism of Tenable World Views -- On the Formation of Logical Empiricism -- Bolzano’s Account of Justification -- Kantian Metaphysics and Hertzian Mechanics -- Moritz Schlick -- Moritz Schlick’s Idea of Non-territorial States -- An Unknown Side of Moritz Schlick’s Intellectual Biography: The Reviews for the “Vierteljahrschrift Für Wissenschaftliche Philosophie und Soziologie” (1911–1916) -- Between Meaning and Demarcation -- “Let’s Talk about Flourishing!” — Moritz Schlick and the Non-cognitive Foundation of Virtue Ethics -- Hans Reichenbach -- Coordination and Convention in Hans Reichenbach’s Philosophy of Space -- Reichenbach’s ?-Definition of Simultaneity in Historical and Philosophical Perspective -- Other Proponents and Periphery -- Towards a Physicalistic Attitude -- Logical Empiricism and Phenomenology: Felix Kaufmann -- Béla von Juhos and the Concept of “Konstatierungen” -- Wittgenstein’s Constructivization of Euler’s Proof of the Infinity of Primes -- Quine’S Historical Argument for Epistemology Naturalized -- Unity and Plurality -- Two Uses of Unification -- Unity and Plurality in the Concept of Causation -- Edgar Zilsel’s Research Programme: Unity of Science as an Empirical Problem -- Contexts of Science -- Criticizing a Difference of Contexts — On Reichenbach’S Distincition Between “Context of Discovery” and “Context of Justification” -- Contextualizing an Epistemological Issue: The Case of Error in Experiment -- The Contexts of Scientific Justification. Some Reflections on the Relation Between Epistemological Contextualism and Philosophy of Science -- Epistemology -- Modal Skepticism. Philosophical Thought Experiments and Modal Epistemology -- Structure and Heuristic: In Praise of Structural Reallism in the Case of Niels Bohr -- Ethics -- The Neutrality of Meta-Ethics Revisited — How to Draw on Einstein and the Vienna Circle in Developing an Adequate Account of Morals -- Women of Logical Empiricism -- No Woman, No Try? — Else Frenkel-Brunswik and the Project of Integrating Psychoanalysis into the Unity of Science -- Susan Stebbing on Cambridge and Vienna Analysis -- Susan Stebbing’s Criticism of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus -- Rose Rand: a Woman in Logic -- Report — Documentation -- Logical Positivism in Russia.
    Abstract: The Vienna Circle and Logical Empiricism is for scholars, researchers and students in history and philosophy of science focusing on Logical Empiricism and analytic philosophy (of science). This volume features recent work from international research and historiography on the Vienna Circle and Logical Empiricism and their influence. It is unique in that it: -provides historical and systematic research; -deals with the influence and impact of the Vienna Circle/Logical Empiricism on today's philosophy of science; -explores the intellectual context of this scientific philosophy; -unites contributions by renowned scholars and a younger generation of philosophers; -focuses on main figures and peripheral adherents; -features crucial issues of Logical Empiricism; -documents the activities of the Vienna Circle Institute; -includes reviews on related topics.
    Note: Includes papers from a symposium held July 12-14, 2001 at the University of Vienna , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9780306481529
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVI, 326 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2003.
    Series Statement: Archimedes, New Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology 7
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    Keywords: Epistemology. ; Cultural heritage. ; History. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Cultural property. ; History ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Humanities ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Wissenschaftliches Manuskript ; Naturwissenschaften ; Geschichte
    Abstract: The Hanging Chain: A Forgotten “Discovery” Buried in Galileo’s Notes on Mition -- The Chymical Laboratory Notebooks of George Starkey -- Newton’s Optical Notebooks: Public Versus Private Data -- At Play with Nature: Luigi Galvani’s Experimental Approach to Muscular Physiology -- The Practice of Studying Practice: Analyzing Research Records of Ampère and Faraday -- From Agents to Cells: Theodor Schwann’s Research Notes of the Years 1835–1838 -- Narrating by Numbers: Keeping an Account of Early 19th Century Laboratory Experiences -- Exploring Contents and Boundaries of Experimental Practice in Laboratory Notebooks: Samuel Pierpont Langley and the Mapping of the Infra-Red Region of the Solar Spectrum -- The Pocket Schedule -- From Lone Investigator to Laboratory Chief: Ivan Pavlov’s Research Notebooks as a Reflection of His Managerial and Interpretive Style -- Carl Correns’ Experiments with Pisum, 1896–1899 -- Errors and Insights: Reconstructing the Genesis of General Relativity from Einstein’s Zurich Notebook -- Hans Krebs’ and Kurt Henseleit’s Laboratory Notebooks and Their Discovery of the Urea Cycle-Reconstructed with Computer Models -- Laboratory Notebooks and Investigative Pathways -- The Scholar’s Seeing Eye.
    Abstract: Research records composed of notes and protocols have long played a role in the efforts to understand the origins of what have come to be seen as the established milestones in the development of modern science. The use of research records to probe the nature of scientific investigation itself however is a recent development in the history of science. With Eduard Dijksterhuis, we could address them as a veritable "epistemologiCal laboratory". The purpose of a workshop entitled "Reworking the Bench: Laboratory Notebooks in the History of Science", held at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin was to bring together historians who have been exploiting such resources, to compare the similarities and differences in the materials they had used and and to measure the potential and scope for future explorations of "science in the making" based on such forms of documentation. The contributions which form this volume are based on papers presented at this workshop or written afterward by participants in the discussions. This is the first book that addresses the issue of research notes for writing history of science in a comprehensive manner. Its case studies range from the early modern period to present and cover a broad range of different disciplines.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400710153
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XI, 231 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2003.
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Klinnert, Lars, 1972 - Modern Biotechnology in Postmodern Times? A Reflection on European Policies and Human Agency 2005
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    Keywords: Philosophy. ; Ethics. ; Ontology. ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; Technology—Philosophy. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Technology Philosophy
    Abstract: 1: Biotechnology in Modern Times -- 2: Council of Europe Policies on Biotechnology -- 3: Biotechnology and Human Agency -- 4: Biotechnology Beyond Modernity -- European Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine ETS 164 (Full text) with list of declarations -- Additional Protocol to the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine on the Prohibition of Cloning Human Beings ETS 168 (Full text) with list of declarations -- Additional Protocol to the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine on Transplantation of Organs and Tissues of Human Origin. ETS186. (Full text) -- References.
    Abstract: Modern Biotechnology in Postmodern Times? A Reflection on European Policies and Human Agency is for bioethicists, ethicists (theologians/philosophers), professionals in biotechnology, EU and national policy makers, and professors/teachers of courses in applied ethics (master level or equivalent). This volume presents an interdisciplinary reflection on the nature and scope of current biotechnology in Europe. The author contemplates upon the actual structures and potential functions of biotechnology in our societies in order to allow for a balanced discussion and common reflection on the topic. This volume is unique in that it offers a concise presentation of the current biotechnological arena in Europe with its ethical implications. It provides a survey of topical Council of Europe documents and treaties.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1: Biotechnology in Modern Times2: Council of Europe Policies on Biotechnology -- 3: Biotechnology and Human Agency -- 4: Biotechnology Beyond Modernity -- European Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine ETS 164 (Full text) with list of declarations -- Additional Protocol to the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine on the Prohibition of Cloning Human Beings ETS 168 (Full text) with list of declarations -- Additional Protocol to the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine on Transplantation of Organs and Tissues of Human Origin. ETS186. (Full text) -- References.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789400710788
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VII, 347 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2003.
    Series Statement: Argumentation Library 8
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    Keywords: Logic. ; Social sciences. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Social sciences
    Abstract: 1. Reasons -- 2. The Pragmatic Dimension of Premise Acceptability -- 3. Rationality and Judgment -- 4. The Dialectical Tier Revisited -- 5. The Rabbit in the Hat: The Internal Relations of the Pragma-Dialectical Rules -- 6. Toulmin’s Warrants -- 7. Metadialogues -- 8. Relationships Among Logic, Dialectic and Rhetoric -- 9. Logical Fallacies, Dialectical Transgressions, Rhetorical Sins, and Other Failures of Rationality In Argumentation -- 10. A Pragmatic View of the Burden of Proof -- 11. The Ordinary Practice of Presuming and Presumption With Special Attention to Veracity and the Burden Of Proof -- 12. Two Conceptions of Openness in Argumentation Theory -- 13. Multidimensionality and Non-Deductiveness in Deliberative Argumentation -- 14. Argumentation Studies in France: A New Legitimacy -- 15. Discourse Correspondence Between Argumentative and Grammatical Sequences -- 16. Diagramming, Argumentation Schemes and Critical Questions -- 17. Legal Argumentation Theory and the Concept of Law -- 18. Arguer’s Obligations: Another Perspective -- 19. Charles S. Peirce’s Theory of Abduction and the Aristotelian Enthymeme From Signs -- 20. Rhetoric and Dialectic in Martin Luther King’s ‘Letter From Birmingham Jail’ -- 21. On the Argumentative Quality of Explanatory Narratives -- 22. The Wiles of Argument: Protodeliberation and Heroic Prudence in Homer’s ‘Odyssey’ -- 23. Felicity Conditions for the Circumstantial ad Hominem: The Case of ‘Bush V. Gore’ -- 24. The Potential Conflict Between Normatively-Good Argumentative Practice and Persuasive Success: Evidence from Persuasion Effects Research -- 25. The Concept of Argument Quality in the Elaboration Likelihood Model: A Normative and Empirical Approach to Petty and Cacioppo’s ‘Strong’ and ‘Weak’ Arguments -- 26. How Narrative Argumentation Works: An Analysis of Argumentation Aimed at Reconsidering Goals -- 347.
    Abstract: This volume of the Argumentation Library contains a collection of twenty-six theor­ etical contributions to the study of argumentation. Together they provide an over­ view of recent developments in the theory of argumentation which does justice to the theoretical variety in the field. InAnyone Who Has a View, the subject of argu­ mentation is approached from different angles. Both the formal and informal logical approaches and the rhetorical and communicative approaches arc represented in various ways. We arc convinced that the collection of essays as a whole will be of interest not only to those engaged directly in the study of argumentation, but also to scholars from a variety of disciplines who arc interested in the recent developments in this field. The book opens with an essay by the informal logician Robert C. Pinto. For all the differences between them, James B. Freeman, Harvey Siegel, Ralph H. Johnson, Hans V. Hansen, and J. Anthony Blair are also prominent members of that move­ ment. Some informal logicians either eschew or simply do not use formal methods in their approach to argumentation, while others, such as David Hitchcock, use both formal and informal methods. Erik C.W. Krabbe is a logician who proudly defends a formal dialectical approach to argumentation. Daniel H. Cohen, Frans H. van Eemeren, Peter Houtlosser, Fred J. Kauffeld, C. Scott Jacobs, Christian Kock, Christian Plantin, Sorin Stati, Chris Reed, Douglas N.
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  • 27
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9780306481345
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 342 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2003.
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 91
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    Keywords: Semantics. ; Logic. ; Phenomenology . ; Philosophy of mind. ; Psycholinguistics. ; Semiotics. ; Logic ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of Mind ; Psycholinguistics ; Semantics ; Philosophy (General) ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Psychologismus ; Philosophie
    Abstract: Psychologism in Logic: Bacon to Bolzano -- Between Leibniz and Mill: Kant’s Logic and the Rhetoric of Psychologism -- Psychologism and Non-Classical Approaches in Traditional Logic -- The Concept of ‘Psychologism’ in Frege and Husserl -- Psychologism and Sociologism in Early Twentieth-Century German-Speaking Philosophy -- The Space of Sings: C.S. Peirce’s Critique of Psychologism -- Quinean Dreams or, Prospects for a Scientific Epistemology -- Late froms of Psychologism and Antipsychologism -- Propositions and the Objects of Thought -- The Concepts of Truth and Knowledge in Psychologism -- Psychologism Revisited in Logic, Metaphysics, and Epistemology -- Why There is Nothing Rather Than Something: Quine on Behaviorism, Meaning, and Indeterminacy -- Cognitive Illusions and the Welcome Psychologism of Logicist Artificial Intelligence.
    Abstract: Philosophy, Psychology, and Psychologism presents a remarkable diversity of contemporary opinions on the prospects of addressing philosophical topics from a psychological perspective. It considers the history and philosophical merits of psychologism, and looks systematically at psychologism in phenomenology, cognitive science, epistemology, logic, philosophy of language, philosophical semantics, and artificial intelligence. It juxtaposes many different philosophical standpoints, each supported by rigorous philosophical argument. Philosophy, Psychology, and Psychologism is intended for professionals in the fields indicated, advanced undergraduate and graduate students in related areas of study, and interested lay readers.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401701778
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 306 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 94
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy, modern ; Logic ; Ontology ; Philosophy of mind ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This investigation is a historical review of twentieth-century analytical philosophy in England. In seven chapters, the intellectual development of its most prominent representatives - Moore, Russell, Wittgenstein, Ryle, Austin, Strawson, Dummett - is traced. The book does not however aim to tell a story. Instead, it offers synopses of the main philosophical texts of these seven philosophers. The chief reason for adopting this approach was the wish to first of all cover as many of the problems discussed by them as possible, and secondly to view these problems in juxtaposition. The study was thus conceived as a comprehensive and most objective review of the history of analytical philosophy as practised in England. The hope is that it will serve as a reference book covering all the central problems discussed by these seven authors
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface. IntroductionI: Cambridge Analytical Philosophy. 1. G.E. Moore - The Project for a New Philosophy. 2: Bertrand Russell - The New Method as a Logic. 3: Ludwig Wittgenstein - Logical Meditations -- II: Oxford Analytical Philosophy. 4: Gilbert Ryle - The Analytical Method Explained. 5: J.L. Austin - Analytical Philosophy as a Strict Science. 6: P.F. Strawson - The Justification Turn. 7: Michael Dummett - Revision of the Project -- Bibliography -- Index of Names -- Index of Concepts.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401745246
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 348 p) , online resource
    Edition: 2nd Edition
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Handbook of Philosophical Logic 10
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Logic
    Abstract: The first edition of the Handbook of Philosophical Logic (four volumes) was published in the period 1983-1989 and has proven to be an invaluable reference work to both students and researchers in formal philosophy, language and logic. The second edition of the Handbook is intended to comprise some 18 volumes and will provide a very up-to-date authoritative, in-depth coverage of all major topics in philosophical logic and its applications in many cutting-edge fields relating to computer science, language, argumentation, etc. The volumes will no longer be as topic-oriented as with the first edition because of the way the subject has evolved over the last 15 years or so. However the volumes will follow some natural groupings of chapters. Audience: Students and researchers whose work or interests involve philosophical logic and its applications
    Description / Table of Contents: Editorial PrefaceModal Epistemic and Doxastic Logic -- Reference and Information Content: Names and Descriptions -- Indexicals -- Propositional Attitudes -- Property Theories -- Mass Expressions -- Index.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789400710016
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 203 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies In Epistemology Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 322
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Epistemology. ; Logic ; Coding theory ; Information theory. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: In the late 1950's and early 1960's seminal works on the logic of knowledge and belief were published by notably von Wright and Hintikka. Epistemic and doxastic logics have since then grown into mature disciplines enjoying many important applications in philosophy, computer science, game theory, economics and linguistics to mention but a few fields. The aim of this thematically unified anthology is to track the history of epistemic logic, to consider some important applications of these logics of knowledge and belief in a variety of fields, and finally to discuss future directions of research with particular emphasis on 'active agenthood' and multi-modal systems. Knowledge Contributors include H. van Ditmarsch, R. Fagin, J. Halpern, J. Hintikka, W. van der Hoek, B. Kooi, W. Lenzen, Y. Moses, H. Rott, J. Sowa, M. Vardi and R. Wójcicki. Knowledge Contributors is accessible to researchers as well as graduate students in philosophy, computer science, game theory, economics and related disciplines utilizing the means and methods of epistemic logic
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  • 31
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400710443
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 336 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Semantics ; Management science. ; Philosophy and science. ; Ontology ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence ; Economics. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Abstract: Processes constitute the world of human experience - from nature to cognition to social reality. Yet our philosophical and scientific theories of nature and experience have traditionally prioritized concepts for static objects and structures. The essays collected here call for a review of the role of dynamic categories in the language of theories. They present old and new descriptive tools for the modelling of dynamic domains, and argue for the merits of process-based explanations in ontology, cognitive science, semiotics, linguistics, philosophy of mind, robotics, theoretical biology, music theory, and philosophy of chemistry and physics. The collection is of interest to professional researchers in any of these fields; it establishes - for the very first time - crossdisciplinary contact among recent process-based research movements and might witness a conceptual paradigm shift in the making
    Description / Table of Contents: I: Analysis of Dynamic CategoriesAristotle’s Distinction between Change and Activity -- Free Process Theory: Towards a Typology of Occurrings -- Ontological Categories in GOL -- The Conceptualization of Processes -- Overt and Hidden Processes in 20th Century Music -- II: Applications of Process-Based Theories -- Process and Emergence: Normative Function and Representation -- Self-Directedness: A Process Approach to Cognition -- The Pattern and Process of Language in Use: A Test Case -- A Process-Ontological Account of Work -- Continuants and Processes in Macroscopic Chemistry -- The EPR-Experiment and Free Process Theory -- A Process-Based Architecture for an Artificial Conscious Being -- Causal Processes, Semiosis, and Consciousness.
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  • 32
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9780306474750
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VIII, 256 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2002.
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 64
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    Keywords: Medical ethics. ; Ethics. ; Ontology. ; Philosophy. ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, Medical ; Ethics, Medical
    Abstract: The Philosophy of Medicine and Bioethics: An Introduction to the Framing of a Field -- The Philosophy of Medicine and Bioethics: An Introduction to the Framing of a Field -- The Philosophy of the Body and Bioethics -- Bodies of Knowledge, Philosophical Anthropology, and Philosophy of Medicine -- Bodies, Body Parts, and Body Language: Reflections on Ontology and Personal Identity in Medical Practice -- Bodies and Minds in the Philosophy of Medicine: Organ Sales and the Lived Body -- Euthanasia, Secular Priests, And the Centrality of Choice -- Accommodating Death: Euthanasia in The Netherlands -- Why Should Anyone Listen to Ethics Consultants? -- Changing Views of Paternalism in Research: Aids Activists Demand Change -- Fundamental Categories: The Mind, Equity, The State, and Time -- Three Designations of Disorder: Diversity, Disease and Determinism in Psychiatric Thought and Practice -- Equity and the Health Effects of Urbanization -- Engelhardt on Kant’s Moral Foundations and Hegel’s Category of the State -- Bole on Kant, Hegel, and Engelhardt: A Brief Reply -- Epilogue: The Use of the Past.
    Abstract: The term `bioethics' was coined in 1971, just as interest in the medical humanities claimed a prominent place in medical education. Out of this interest, a substantial area of research and scholarship took shape: the philosophy of medicine. This field has been directed to the epistemological, ontological, and value-theoretical issues occasioned by medicine and the biomedical sciences. Bioethics is nested in this field and can only be fully understood in terms of the foundational issues it addresses. This collection of essays in honor of Stuart F. Spicker, one of the individuals who gave shape to the philosophy of medicine, lays out the broad scope of concerns from the philosophy of embodiment, to issues of the role of ethics consultants, to concepts of disease, equity and the meaning of history.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401704113
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 102 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    DDC: 190
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Germanic languages
    Abstract: T.S. Eliot's engagement with the work of the British philosopher F.H. Bradley deeply influenced his poetry and criticism throughout his career. The author gives a critical evaluation of Eliot's disagreements with the philosopher, providing an important new insight into Eliot's relationship with language. She illustrates this by referring to Eliot's work on Dante, Keats, Woolf, Pound and Joyce. She shows how Eliot's use of literary epiphany and his understanding of prejudice are rooted in his study of Bradley
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789400704732
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 743 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 80
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy. ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: Phenomenology is the philosophy of our times. Through the entire twentieth century this philosophy unfolded and flourished, following stepwise the intrinsic logic and dynamism of its original project as proposed by its founder Edmund Husserl. Now its seminal ideas have been handed over to a new era. The worldwide contributors to this volume make it manifest that phenomenological inspiration knows no cultural barriers. It penetrates and invigorates not only philosophical disciplines but also most of the sectors of knowledge, transforming our way of seeing the world, our actions toward others, and our lives. Phenomenology's universal spread has, however, oftentimes diluted its original sense, even beyond recognition, and led to a weakening of its dynamics. There is at present an urgent need to retrieve the original understanding of phenomenology, to awaken its dormant forces and redirect them. This is the aim of the present book: resourcement and reinvigoration. It is meant to be not only a reference work but also a guide for research and study. To restore the authentic vision of phenomenology, we propose returning to its foundational source in Husserl's project of a `universal science', unpacking all its creative capacities. In the three parts of this work there are traced the stages of this philosophy's progressive uncovering of the grounding levels of reality: ideal structures, constitutive consciousness, the intersubjective lifeworld, and beyond. The key concepts and phases of Husserl's thought are here exfoliated. Then the thought of the movement's classical figures and of representative thinkers in succeeding generations is elucidated. Phenomenology's geographic spread is reviewed. We then proceed to the culminating work of this philosophy, to the phenomenological life engagements so vigorously advocated by Husserl, to the life-significant issues phenomenology addresses and to how it has enriched the human sciences. Lastly the phenomenological project's new horizons on the plane of life are limned, horizons with so powerful a draw that they may be said not to beckon but to summon. Here is the movement's vanguard. This collection has 71 entries. Each entry is followed by a relevant bibliography. There is a helpful Glossary of Terms and an Index of Names
    Description / Table of Contents: PrefaceIntroduction. Phenomenology as the Inspirational Force of our Times: Its Seminal Intuitions and Dynamic -- Part One: Laying the Foundations of Phenomenology. 1. The Nascent Phase. 2. Laying the Foundations of Phenomenology. 3. The Efflorescence of Phenomenology: Its Classical Representatives -- Part Two: Expanding Horizons. 1. Reception: Interpretation, Assimilation and Elaboration around the World after the Second World War. 2. Further Inspirations and Probings, New Beginnings and Developments. 3. The Worldwide Spread of the Original Phenomenological Inspiration -- Part Three: Life-Engaged Phenomenology. 1. Phenomenology's Bringing Forth and Formulating Basic Life-Significant Issues. 2. Innovation in Life-Oriented Arenas. 3. From Theory to Life-Practice: Phenomenological Psychiatry. Toward New Horizons. From the Editor: Intrinsic Dynamisms and Untapped Resources of Phenomenology. Glossary of Terms -- Index of Names -- Bibliography of Analecta Husserliana.
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  • 35
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    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9780306475610
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VI, 164 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2002.
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    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Fabricating Europe
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    Keywords: Political science. ; International education . ; Comparative education. ; Social sciences. ; History. ; Comparative Education ; History ; Political Science ; Social sciences ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Europa ; Pädagogik
    Abstract: Imagining Space -- Education and the European Space of Flows -- Notes towards the Definition of a European Educational Space -- Locating European Identity in Education -- Foreword -- Globalizing Space -- Reterritorializing Educational Import -- Returning to Europe -- Quality Education and Training for Tomorrow’s Europe -- Ways of Thinking about Education in Europe -- Coda: Europe, Social Space and the Politics of Knowledge -- Borderless Education.
    Abstract: Fabricating Europe has within it a core idea, a crucial but imprecise idea, that of a European educational space, which transnational governance, networks and cultural and economic projects are creating now. Yet, the perceptible creation of this contemporary space of European policy making and networking has not been a subject of study. It appears offstage in studies of national systems in which national and professional identity; political organization; policy formation and public/private markets are all viewed as contained within the borders of the state. Fabricating Europe is concerned with the new possibilities to be discerned and imagined in the European public and institutional spaces and discourses in education and the lack of impetus within the broad area of educational studies to meet the task of creating analyses and responses.
    Note: Includes index
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  • 36
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401598644
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 168 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Education Philosophy ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Public international law. ; Educational policy. ; International education . ; Comparative education. ; School management and organization. ; School administration. ; Education and state. ; International law. ; Education—Philosophy.
    Abstract: While analysing what it means to be European, Ortega y Gasset pointed out that European culture is defined by human's desire to find the most perfect way of being, a way that must be both firmly founded in history and clearly projected into the future. Ortega's idea had perhaps less currency when what European unity meant still boiled down to an economic community. Today, however, things have changed, and after a long, complex process, we now face a new scenario ambitiously named European Union, one whose foundations, competencies, and aims are no longer simply economic, but seek to foster a life in common without losing respect for the national identities of the member States. The legend -in fact, Jack Lang confessed that this statement was invented by him, and perhaps is true- says that near the end of his life, Jean Monnet once answered a journalist's question affirming that, if he had to do it all over again, he would start with culture rather than with the economy
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Evolution and Normative Framework of the European Union Educational Policy1 Rethinking Subsidiarity as a Principle of Educational Policy in the European Union -- 2 Educational Policy and Educational Programmes in the European Union -- 2 Education for European Citizenship and Pluralism -- 3 Education for European Identity and European Citizenship -- 4 Education, Pluralism and the Teaching of Values -- 3 New Trends and Challenges for European Education Systems and Institutions -- 5 Equal Opportunities between Women and Men in Community Law -- 6 Freedom and Efficiency in Education -- 7 The European University looks ahead towards the Future.
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  • 37
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    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9780306468490
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVII, 196 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2002.
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    Keywords: Medical ethics. ; Ethics. ; Medical laws and legislation. ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics. ; Ethics ; Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Public health laws
    Abstract: Medical Ethics and Medical Jurisprudence: The Conceptual Landscape -- A Historical Perspective on the Relationship Between Law and Morality -- Law and the Physician-Patient Relationship: Informed Consent in Theory and practice -- From Autonomy to Prospective Autonomy: Advance Directives in Bioethics, Law and Public Policy -- Constitutional Liberty and Privacy: The Supreme Court and the Physician-Patient Relationship -- The dance of Intimacy: Abortion, Medical Ethics and the Constitution -- Death, Dying, and the Responsibility of the Ethical Physician -- The New Synergy — Bioethics in Court -- Lessons Learned and Prospects for the Future of Medical Jurisprudence and Bioethics.
    Abstract: The pervasive influence of law on medical practice and clinical bioethics is often noted with a combination of exasperation and lamentation. Physicians and non-physician bioethicists, generally speaking, consider the willingness of courts, legislatures, and regulatory agencies to insinuate themselves into clinical practice and medical research to be a distinctly negative aspect of contemporary American society. They are quick to point out that their colleagues in other Western developed nations are not similarly afflicted, and that the situation which obtains elsewhere is highly preferable to the legalization and purported over-regulation of medicine that has taken place in the United States during the last fifty years. In this book I offer a decidedly different perspective. It is, admittedly, not entirely without personal and professional bias. Prior to becoming a fu- time academic, teaching bioethics in the setting of an academic medical center, I was, for nearly 20 years, an attorney specializing in health law. Even after earning a doctorate in philosophy, I was frequently considered to be the “resident lawyer” on the bioethics faculty, much more frequently looked to for my insights on the law than my perspective as one who had formally studied moral philosophy and applied ethics. I note this not out ofa sense of frustration or disappointment, but as confirmation that even among physicians and n- physician bioethicists, there is widespread recognition that the law does have important contributions to make in assessing the practice ofmedicine and the conduct of medical research.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 38
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    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9780306468667
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VIII, 400 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2002.
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 60
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    Keywords: Medical ethics. ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Ethics. ; Ontology. ; Bioethics. ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Mensch ; Körper ; Philosophie ; Organhandel
    Abstract: Persons and Their Bodies: Rights, Responsibilities, and the Sale of Organs -- Bodies and Persons: Ontological Questions -- Body and Soul in Greek Philosophy -- A Millian Perspective on the Relationship Between Persons and Their Bodies -- What Does It Mean To Be Somebody? Phenomenological Reflections and Ethical Quandaries -- An Orthodox Christian View of Persons and Bodies -- Natural Law and Natural Rights -- Personal Responsibility and Freedom in Health Care: A Contemporary Natural Law Perspective -- The Alienability of Lockean Natural Rights -- Inalienable Rights in the Moral and Political Philosophy of John Locke: A Reappraisal -- Metaphysical Quandaries and Moral Questions -- The Integrity of Body: Kantian Moral Constraints on the Physical Self -- Whose Body? What Body? The Metaphysics of Organ Transplantation -- The Impact of Biomedical Developments on the Legal Theory of the Mind-body Relationship -- The Body for Profit: Organ Sales and Moral Theory -- The Body for Fun, Beneficence, and Profit: A Variation on a Post-Modern Theme -- Despair, Desire, and Decision: A Fugal Response to Engelhardt -- The Sale of Organs and Obligations to One’s Body: Inferences from the Histoy of Ethics -- Persons and Their Bodies: Key Arguments and Contemporary Critiques -- The Integrity of the Body: Critical Remarks on a Persistent Theme in Bioethics -- The Commercialization of Human Body Parts: Public Policy Considerations.
    Abstract: Debate regarding organ sales is largely innocent of the history of thought on the matter. This volume seeks to remedy this shortcoming. Positions for or against a market in human organs are nested within moral intuitions, ontological or political theoretical premises, or understandings of special moral concerns, such as permissible uses of the body, which have a long history of analysis. The essays compass the views of Plato, Aristotle, Aquinas, Locke, Kant, Hegel, Mill and Christianity, as well as particular methodological approaches, such as the phenomenology of the body, natural law theory, legal theory and libertarian critique of legal theory. These discussions cluster a number of conceptually independent philosophical concerns: (1) What is the appropriate understanding of the relationship between persons and their bodies? (2) What does it mean to `own' an organ? (3) Do governments have moral authority to regulate how persons use their own body parts? (4) What are the costs and benefits of a market in human organs? Such questions are related by an urgent public health challenge: the considerable disparity between the number of patients who could significantly benefit from organ transplantation and the number of human organs available for transplantation. This volume explores the theoretical, normative, and historical foundations for alternative policies for procurement and transplantation of human organs.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 39
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    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401002974
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXI, 258 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2002.
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 90
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    Keywords: Philosophy. ; Ontology. ; Metaphysics. ; Pragmatism. ; Philosophy of nature. ; Philosophy—History. ; Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Philosophy of nature ; Pragmatism
    Abstract: 1: SOME KEY MOMENTS IN THE HISTORY OF THE CONCEPT OF CAUSATION -- 2: CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO CAUSATION -- 3: PEIRCE ON FINAL CAUSATION -- 4: FINAL CAUSES AND NATURAL GLASSES -- 5: THE RIDDLE OF SEMEIOTIC CAUSATION -- 6: A SEMEIOTIC ACCOUNT OF CAUSATION -- Notes.
    Abstract: From Cause to Causation presents both a critical analysis of C.S. Peirce's conception of causation, and a novel approach to causation, based upon the semeiotic of Peirce. The book begins with a review of the history of causation, and with a critical discussion of contemporary theories of the concept of `cause'. The author uncovers a number of inadequacies in the received views of causation, and discusses their historical roots. He makes a distinction between "causality", which is the relation between cause and effect, and causation, which is the production of a certain effect. He argues that, by focusing on causality, the contemporary theories fatally neglect the more fundamental problem of causation. The author successively discusses Peirce's theories of final causation, natural classes, semeiotic, and semeiotic causation. Finally, he uses Peirce's semeiotic to develop a new approach to causation, which relates causation to our experience of signs.
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  • 40
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    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401005623
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 210 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2002.
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 88
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    Keywords: Metaphysics. ; Philosophy of mind. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Ontology. ; Philosophy. ; Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind
    Abstract: 1 Pollyanna Realism and the Simple Theory -- 2 Why Colors are Not Physical Properties -- 3 Why Colors are Not Relational Properties -- 4 Identifying Colors: Relationally Specifying a Nonrelational Property -- 5 Colors, Dispositions, and Causal Powers -- 6 A Simple Theory of Normal Conditions -- 7 Animals, the Color Blind, and Far Away Places -- 8 Ecce Colores -- References 195 -- Index 203.
    Abstract: In Rediscovering Colors: A Study in Pollyanna Realism, Michael Watkins endorses the Moorean view that colors are simple, non-reducible, properties of objects. Consequently, Watkins breaks from what has become the received view that either colors are reducible to certain properties of interest to science, or else nothing is really colored. What is novel about the work is that Watkins, unlike other Mooreans, takes seriously the metaphysics of colors. Consequently, Watkins provides an account of what colors are, how they are related to the physical properties on which they supervene, and how colors can be causally efficacious without the threat of causal overdetermination. Along the way, he provides novel accounts of normal conditions and non-human color properties. The book will be of interest to any metaphysician and philosopher of mind interested in colors and color perception.
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  • 41
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    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9780306479847
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(X, 157 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2002.
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Education 11
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    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy and social sciences. ; Education—Philosophy. ; Philosophy (General) ; Education Philosophy ; Pädagogik ; Forschung ; Erziehungsphilosophie
    Abstract: and Overview -- Positivism and the Old Divides -- Two Dogmas of Educational Research -- The Quantitative Qualitative Dogma, the Incompatibility Thesis, and the Pragmatic Alternative -- The Persistence of the Fact/Value Dogma: A Characterization and Critique of the “Received View” -- Interpretivism and the New Divides -- The Interpretive Turn -- The Constructivist Turn -- On the Threat of Epistemological Bias -- Ethical and Political Frameworks -- The Interpretive Turn and Research Ethics -- Toward Democratic Educational Research.
    Abstract: The issues I treat in this book—qualitative versus quantitative methods, facts versus values, science versus politics, subjectivity versus objectivity, postm- ernism versus pragmatism, to name a few—are at the core of a lively, sometimes divisive, conversation that has been unfolding in the theory and practice of e- cational research for some time. These issues fall squarely within the province of philosophy, and thus philosophical investigation has an especially useful contribution to make. But these issues are by no means the exclusive province of philosophy; they are ones in which a diverse group of educational theorists have had a keen interest and about which they have had important things to say. The conversation I hope to join—and to move forward—is this broad and inclusive one. Philosophy of education is at its best when it dives headlong into the fray. The book borrows liberally from my previously published work, but is far from a simple compilation. The ideas developed in Chapter 7, “On the Threat of Epistemological Bias,” are new. The ideas developed in Chapter 9, “Toward Democratic Educational Research,” are a significant extension of the application of similar ideas to evaluation research. The ideas developed in Chapter 4, “The Persistence of the Fact/Value Dogma,” are in a form and at a level of detail not published before. Finally, Chapter 1, “Introduction and Overview,” weaves together my thinking on a large array of issues on educational research methodology that had only been loosely connected before.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-155)
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789401709026
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 303 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 74
    Series Statement: Asian Studies in Bioethics and the Philosophy of Medicine 74
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: Is there only one bioethics? Is a global bioethics possible? Or, instead, does one encounter a plurality of bioethical approaches shaped by local cultural and national traditions? Some thirty years ago a field of applied ethics emerged under the rubric `bioethics'. Little thought was given at the time to the possibility that this field bore the imprint of a particular American set of moral commitments. This volume explores the plurality of moral perspectives shaping bioethics. It is inspired by Kazumasa Hoshino's critical reflections on the differences in moral perspectives separating Japanese and American bioethics. The essays include contributions from Hong Kong, China, Japan, Texas, the United States, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy. The volume offers a rich perspective of the range of approaches to bioethics. It brings into question whether there is unambiguously one ethics for bioethics to apply
    Description / Table of Contents: From the contents: Part I: Physician Virtue and National TraditionsPart II: Medical Technologies and National Bioethics -- Part III: Death, Culture, and Moral Difference -- Part IV: Global Bioethics and its Critics -- Notes on Contributors -- Index.
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  • 43
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401715218
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 321 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 312
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Mathematical physics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: In this book, Veikko Rantala makes a systematic attempt to understand cognitive characteristics of translation by bringing its logical, pragmatic and hermeneutic features together and examining a number of scientific, logical, and philosophical applications. The notion of translation investigated here is called explanatory, but it is not a translation in the standard sense of the word since it admits of conceptual change. Such translations can take various degrees of precision, and therefore they can occur in contexts of different kinds: from everyday discourse to literary texts to scientific change. The book generalizes some earlier approaches to translation, especially the one presented in David Pearce's monograph Roads to Commensurability. Rantala argues that the notion has something in common with Thomas Kuhn's earlier conception of scientific change and his views of language learning, but it can be used to go beyond Kuhn's well-known ideas and challenge his criticism concerning the import of the correspondence relation
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface. IntroductionPart One: The Pragmatics and Hermeneutics of Conceptual Change. 1. Prologue: The Correspondence Principle. 2. Translation. 3. Examples and Applications of Local Translation. 4. Global Translation -- Part Two: The Logic and Pragmatics of Scientific Change. 5. The Correspondence Relation. 6. Intertheoretic Explanation. 7. Case Studies -- Part Three: The Formal Basis of the Correspondence Relation. 8. Theories and Logics. 9. A Formal Treatment of Case Studies -- Appendix: Definability. Notes. Bibliography. Name Index. Subject Index.
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  • 44
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401004763
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 224 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Argumentation Library 7
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy ; Modern philosophy. ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy, modern ; Logic ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: Contemporary developments in philosophy have declared truth as such troublesome, and not merely gaining access to it. In a systematic survey this study investigates what is at stake when truth is given up. A historical overview shows how the current problem of truth came about, and suggests ways to overcome rather than to repair the problem. A key issue resulting from the loss of truth is the lack of normativity. Truth provided an alternative understanding of normativity. Elaborating on the `dialectical shift' in logic, a dialogico-rhetorical understanding of normativity is presented. Rather than requiring truth, agreement, or rationality, dialogico-rhetorical normativity is the result of a balance of particular standards. This type of normativity is shaped within discussions - by advancing and accepting arguments - and is not located in sets of predetermined rules. The result is a `small' but strong form of normativity. If this understanding of normativity is viable, one of the central problems of contemporary philosophy, the problem of incommensurability, can be seen in a different light. As a result, truth reappears again. Surviving the postmodern criticisms, it is a matter of accountability rather than of description
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  • 45
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    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401005265
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 627 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2001.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 305
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    Keywords: Logic. ; Mathematical logic. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical
    Abstract: Logic, truth and number: The elementary genesis of arithmetic -- Second-order logic -- A representation of relation algebras using Routley-Meyer frames -- Church’s set theory with a universal set -- Axioms of infinity in Church’s type theory -- Logical objects -- The lambda calculus and adjoint functors -- Atomic Boolean algebras and classical propositional logic -- Improved decision procedures for pure relevant logic -- The “triumph” of first-order languages -- Equivalence relations and groups -- Discriminating coded lambda terms -- ?-calculus as a foundation for mathematics -- Peano’s lambda calculus: The functional abstraction implicit in arithmetic -- The undecidability of ?-definability -- A construction of the provable wellorderings of the theory of species -- Semantics for first and higher order realizability -- Language and equality theory in logic programming -- Alternative (1*): A criterion of identity for intensional entities -- Nominalist paraphrase and ontological commitment -- Peace, justice and computation: Leibniz’ program and the moral and political significance of Church’s theorem -- Tarski’s theorem and NFU -- Church’s theorem and randomness -- Russellian type theory and semantical paradoxes -- The logic of sense and denotation: Extensions and applications -- Analysis, synonymy and sense -- The very possibility of language.
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  • 46
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401717151
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 321 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Those who think about time are thinking deeply. Those who think about God are thinking even more deeply still. To try to think about both at once is to press the very limits of human understanding. Undeterred, this is precisely the project which William Lane Craig sets for himself in this study: to try to grasp the nature of divine eternity, to understand what is meant by the affirmation that God is eternal, to formulate a coherent doctrine of God's relationship with time. In this highly original and ground-breaking work, Craig brings together discussions in the philosophy of time and space, philosophy of language, phenomenology, philosophy of science, Special and General Relativity, classical cosmology, quantum mechanics, and so forth, with the concerns of philosophy of religion and theology, in order to craft a philosophically informed and scientifically tenable doctrine of divine eternity and God's relationship to time
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Case for Divine Timelessness2 Timelessness and Personhood -- 3 Timelessness and Divine Action -- 4 Timelessness and Divine Knowledge -- 5 The Classical Concept of Time -- 6 God’s Time and Relativistic Time -- 7 God, Time, and Relativity -- 8 Creatio ex nihilo -- 9 God and the Beginning of Time -- Proper Name Index.
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  • 47
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    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401009522
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VII, 211 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2001.
    Series Statement: Topoi Library 3
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    Keywords: Modern philosophy. ; Ethics. ; Philosophy. ; Logic. ; Metaphysics. ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern
    Abstract: 1. Knowledge Versus Belief -- 2. A Strange (?) Quantum World -- 3. Promissory Names -- 4. What Is Logic About? -- 5. Dialectical Logic at Work in the Elective Affinities What We Can Learn From Goethe About Hegel -- 6. Discriminating From Within -- 7. The Poetics of (Philosophical) Interpretation -- 8. Kant’s Sadism -- 9. Respect for Structure -- 10. The End of Analysis -- 11. Being-Idle -- 12. Taking Care of Ethical Relativism -- 13. Montaigne’s Pre-and Post-Modern Notion of Subjectivity -- 14. An Oblique View -- 15. Beyond Tolerance? -- 16. An Answer to the Question “Liberating the Future From the Past? Liberating the Past From the Future” -- 17. Machiavelli, for Example -- 18. The Degradation of Talent -- 19. Philosophy and Literature in Calvino’s Tales -- 20. “I”: J.D -- Notes.
    Abstract: Philosophy in this century has often self-consciously presented itself as aiming at the destruction or deconstruction of the philosophical tradition or even of theorizing as such. The basis for such self-description may well be a deep-seated anxiety about death; but whatever its grounds, the procession of distinguished intellectuals who seem mostly concerned with who gets to turn off the light on philosophy on his/her way out is one main reason why philosophy seems to have lost its grip on public opinion and public policy. Which is ironical, because there is often considerable constructive work going on under the pretence of all this `destruction', but the superficial rhetoric has more currency and impact than the substance of that work. This book brings back the spirit of bold, imaginative, even outrageous theorizing into philosophy, and contains a series of examples of it, venturing playfully into quantum mechanics and political theory, psychoanalysis and environmental ethics, philosophy of language and sociology, without any attempt at `systematically exhausting' these disparate fields but rather using them as suggestive excuses and arenas for the display of intellectual creativity. There are numerous echoes among the various pieces, and between them and other works by the same author; but again these resonances are not systematized. The result is more to be seen as a collection of snapshots of an intellectual landscape than as a hierarchical regimentation of it.
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  • 48
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    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9780306476532
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVI, 207 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2001.
    Series Statement: Innovations in Science Education and Technology 11
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    Keywords: Philosophy and social sciences. ; Philosophy and science. ; History. ; Education—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; History ; Education Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Naturwissenschaftlicher Unterricht ; Audiovisuelles Unterrichtsmittel ; Schreib- und Lesefähigkeit
    Abstract: Science Education -- The Moiton Picture -- Radio in the Science Classroom -- Instructional Television -- The Computer -- Perspective.
    Abstract: This book deals with the use of technology in science teaching. The author is not, nor has ever had an intention of being a “techie. ” Rather, I spent the first decade of my professional life as a high school physics teacher, making occasional uses of technology to further student understanding and to automate my own teaching practices. During my graduate work, my interest in the use of technology continued. Catalyzed, to some extent by the increasing availability of graphical interfaces for computers, the realization struck that the computer was more and more becoming a tool that all teachers could use to support their teaching practice—not simply those with a passion for the technology itself. The rapid changes in the hardware and software available, however, frequently caused me to reflect on the usefulness of technology—if it were to change at such a rapid pace, would anyone, save for those who diligently focused on the development of these tools, be able to effectively use technology in science teaching? Was change to rapid to yield a useful tool for teachers? To address this interest, I examined the nature of science teaching during this century—using the equally fluid notion of “scientific literacy”—which formed the organizing principle for this study. The result is a examination of how technology was used to accomplishing this goal of producing scientifically literate citizens. What was observed is that technology, indeed, consistently came to the service of teachers as they attempted to achieve this goal.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 177-195) and index
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  • 49
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    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401005913
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(IX, 184 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2001.
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies in Contemporary Culture 8
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    Keywords: Ontology. ; Ethics. ; Religion. ; Medicine—History. ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Medicine ; Religion (General)
    Abstract: 1 The Broad Conception Of Temperance -- 2 The Narrow Conception Of Temperance -- 3 A Normative Account Of Temperance -- 4 Emotion, Desire, And Morality -- 5 Temperance In Relation To Emotion -- 6 Temperance As Equanimity In Clinical Medicine -- 7 Emotion And The Care Ethic In Clinical Deliberation -- 8 Conclusion: Care-Ful, Rational, Moral Deliberation.
    Abstract: Despite the modem recovery of virtue theory in ethics, conceptions of temperance remain largely unexamined. In this study I offer an examination ofcertain interpretive threads oftemperance as a virtue beginning in classical philosophy and moving through early to medieval Christian conceptions. I find contemporary notions oftemperance to be sorely lacking when compared and contrasted to these historical conceptions. Aristotelian and Thomistic accounts of temperance are particularly important to the normative statement of temperance I offer here. To fully understand temperance one must recognize its place among the moral virtues, in particular phronesis or practical judgment. Though I place temperance within practical judgment, this study stops short ofoffering a full account of virtue theory and how it mayor may not relate to other theories ofthe moral life. While contemporary views of temperance occasionally note its general relevance to the experience of emotion, I elaborate upon the work of temperance as an essential part of the effort to include emotion in the moral life. In present-day studies of the psychology of emotion, cognitive theories have reasserted the classical conception of emotion as consisting of both physiological and psychological elements ofhuman personhood. Temperance is the primary virtue in the moral agent's effort to appropriately include the entirety ofthe emotional experience in moral deliberation. I find it relevant to a moral response to both the physiological and psychological elements of emotion.
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  • 50
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401728706
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 263 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 307
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Logic ; Computational linguistics ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: This monograph is unique in its kind, giving as it does an independent and self-contained introduction to the eight prominent verisimilitude proposals that make up the verisimilitude literature after the breakdown of Popper's definition in 1974. The author brings them together by comparing the ways in which they order propositional formulae. Using this method, he shows that the distinction of content and likeness definitions partitions the entire field of investigation. In addition, it is shown that the weak content definitions can be strengthened by incorporating considerations of similarity between possible worlds. The resulting refined verisimilitude definition has many desirable properties. For instance, it is the first qualitative proposal that evades the problem of truth-value dependence. In addition, in chapter five the often discussed and misunderstood problem of "language dependency" is solved. The book will be of interest to those working in the fields of logic, epistemology, philosophy of science, and (computational) linguistics
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789401007948
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 195 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Medical ethics ; General practice (Medicine). ; Family medicine ; Ethics ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Bioethics.
    Abstract: The authors of this book examine critically, and in a unique way, the poverty of medical ethics. They argue against spending almost unlimited amounts of money on medical treatment, and explore the serious biases in the way that medical research is conducted. In particular, they document how commercialization of research, especially in the pharmaceutical industry, leads to seriously distorted information being disseminated to physicians. The authors illustrate these problems using four examples: statin drugs, screening for breast and prostate cancer, genetic diagnosis and therapy, and the Swan ganz catheter. The book contrasts the greatly exaggerated merits of these medical practices with the clear advantages of a prevention approach. The book makes radical proposals for reforming these problems. It is a must-read for those interested in medical ethics, health policy, health economics, and medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: How Essential is Medical Research?Cost, Distributive Justice And Noblesse Oblige -- Research Design -- Disseminating the Results -- Leaping Over the Species’ Gap: The Substitution of Humans by Other Animals in Testing of Procedures and Substances -- The Moral Justification for Substituting Other Animals in Medical Research -- How To Make A Mountain And A Mint Out Of, At Most, A Molehill: Statin Drugs -- The Right Heart Catheter: Evidence versus Bias -- The Dubious Merits of Screening for Cancer of the Breast and Prostate -- The Genomics Revolution in Medicine: A Case of Extreme Information Overload -- Disease Prevention: The Low-Tech, Low-Cost Road Less Travelled -- Postscript.
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  • 52
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401735322
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 284 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Philosophical Studies Series 84
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The larger project of which this volume forms part is an attempt to craft a coherent doctrine of divine eternity and God's relationship to time. Central to this project is the integration of the concerns of theology with the concept of time in relativity theory. Unfortunately, theologians and philosophers of religion do not in general understand Einstein's theories, whereas physicists and philosophers of science, under the influence of verificationism, have largely focused philosophical reflection on spatiotemporal concepts given by physics. There is thus a paucity of integrative literature dealing with God and relativity theory. The collapse of positivism and the rejuvenation of metaphysics have led to a renewed scrutiny of the metaphysical foundations of relativity theory and the concept(s) time found therein. This volume provides an accessible and philosophically informed examination of the concept of time in relativity, the ultimate aim being the achievement of a tenable theological synthesis
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface1. The Historical Background of Special Relativity -- 2. Einstein's Special Theory -- 3. Time Dilation and Length Contraction -- 4. Empirical Confirmation of Special Relativity -- 5. Two Relativistic Interpretations -- 6. The Classical Concept of Time -- 7. The Positivistic Foundations of Relativity Theory -- 8. The Elimination of Absolute Time -- 9. Absolute Time and Relativistic Time -- 10. God, Time, and Relativity -- 11. Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Subject Index -- Proper Name Index.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789401141857
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Education Philosophy ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Education—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Although John Dewey's ideas have been of central interest in Anglo-Saxon philosophy and history of education, it is only recently that similar interest has developed in continental Europe. Deweyan philosophy of education has had to pass through national filters, which meant that it was received in national contexts of reform. The `German Dewey' was differently construed to the French, Italian, or English Dewey. This seems to change after 1989 (and the fall of socialist education) when interest in Dewey increased. The new political and philosophical interest in Dewey has to do with the lost alternative `socialism', and thus with the opening of Eastern Europe and the new problems of education within a worldwide community. This volume stresses two points. The original interest of European education in Dewey will be presented in case studies, concerning different national contexts and thus different Dewey's. What can be called the renewal of interest will be argued from different sides. It is our intention to show that today's interest in Dewey is not the remake of the reception within the different camps of progressive education. This volume will be of interest to philosophers of education, historians of education, and people engaged in the philosophy, history and the reception of Dewey
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. General TopicsDemocracy and Education: About the Future of a Problem -- Context and Interaction. How to Assess Dewey’s Influence on Educational Reform in Europe? -- 2. Case Studies -- Dewey in Britain -- Dewey in Postwar-Italy: The Case of Re-Education -- John Dewey in France -- German Readers of Dewey - Before 1933 and After 1945 -- John Dewey and the Development of Educa-tion in Russia before 1930 - Report on a Forgotten Reception -- John Dewey’s Teaching Methods in the Discussion on German-Language Kindergartens - A Case of Non-Perception? -- 3. Particular Problems -- Education, not Democracy? The Apolitical Dewey -- The Global Community, Religion, and Educa-tion: The Modernity of Dewey’s Social Philosophy -- The Renewal of Dewey - Trends in the Nineties -- Biography of Contributors.
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  • 54
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    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401140584
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(X, 502 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2000.
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 67
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Phenomenology . ; Philosophy of nature. ; Philosophy. ; Anthropology. ; Philosophy of mind. ; Philosophy (General) ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy of nature ; Anthropology
    Abstract: Inaugural Essay -- The Origins of Life: The Existential Senses of Sharing-in-Life — Vital, Societal, Creative — a Radically Novel Platform -- Section I Transitions of Sense: From the Vital Towards the Existential/Societal Sharing-in-Life -- Logos and Ethos in the Thought of Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka: The Aspect of“Beginning” -- In Defense of a Moth. The Search for Foundations of Environmental Ethics -- Life, Person, Responsibility -- Values Within Relations -- Creativity and Everyday Life — Ricoeur’s Aesthetics -- Section II The Surging of The Intentional platform of Life -- The Human Arts and the Natural Laws of Bios: Return to Consciousness -- The Phenomenon of Loneliness and the Meta-Theory of Consciousness -- Jung’s Concept of Individuation and the Problem of Alienation -- “Human Dignity” as“Rationality” — The Development of a Conception -- On Emotion and Self-Determination in Max Scheler and Antoni K?pi?ski -- The Paradoxical Transformation of Existence: On Kierkegaard’s Concept of Individuation -- Multiple Persons in Kierkegaard’s Pseudonymous Authorship -- Section III The Emergence of The Creative Sphere of Sharing-in-Life -- Human Existence as a Creative Process: A Commentary on Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka’s Anthropological Reflection -- The Methodologies of Life, Self-Individualization and Creativity in the Educational Process -- Stimuli to Invention: New Technologies, New Audiences, New Images -- Stefan Zweig and His Literary Biographies -- The Artistic Event in the Space of Life as an Effect of the Interaction of Instincts, Feelings, Images and Spiritual Transcendence -- Reflections on the Everlasting and the Transient or the Road to the“Freed Field of Light” -- Death and Ontology -- Sein als “Position” und Ereignis: Kants These über das Sein und Heidegger -- Section IV The Spirit of Creativity Soaring towards the Sense of Beauty and Transcendence -- au]Chinese Gardens: The Relation of Man to Nature in Seventeenth-Century French Culture -- Life: The True, the Good and the Beautiful: A Comparative Study of Greek and Pre-Qin Philosophies -- Towards an Aesthetics of Nature: Merleau-Ponty’s Embodied Ontology -- Ontology and Poetry: The Principles of Being of Creation -- Heaven’s Angels with Grinding Organs: John Ruskin’s Idea of Life -- Du Mortel a l’Impossible Éternel: La Transcendance de la Mort -- Section V Time, World, and Hermeneutics -- The Phenomenon of the Future as It was Constituted by Kierkegaard, Husserl and Heidegger -- Time as Viewed by Husserl and Heidegger -- Postmodernism is Existential Phenomenology -- Postmodernism as a Completion of Phenomenology and Hermeneutics -- The Human Being in the Liberal-Democratic Epoch -- Six Para-Philosophical Exercises in Latvian Euro(onto)poiesis -- Index of Names.
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  • 55
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401144711
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 420 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 209
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 209
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Physics. ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: As the only book-length general history and defense of energetics, Georg Helm's Energetik is a unique and important work. Conceived in the strife of the great debate on energetics at the Lübeck Naturforscherversammlung, Helm's book seeks to achieve several distinct, although often closely related, objectives. It tries to revise, clarify and defend Helm's own development of energetic theory in order to rebut critics, especially Boltzmann and Planck. It also seeks to defend and promote a phenomenalist conception of energetics and thus a view of the history, nature and goal of physical theory that both responds to criticism and separates Helm's vision of a science of energy from those of others, notably Ostwald. Finally, it presents and defends energetics, despite its fitful development, as `a unified development of thought', which must be `understood as a whole', since it amounts to nothing less than a `great reorientation in the human understanding of natural events'. This book provides the first English translation of Helm's seminal work and offers an introduction to its contours and content
    Description / Table of Contents: Georg Helm: The Historical Development of EnergeticsOne: The Establishment of the First Law -- Two: Preparation for the Second Law -- Three: Classical Thermodynamics -- Four: New Initiatives, Disputes and Misplaced Efforts -- Five: The Energetic Treatment of Chemistry -- Six: The Energetic Foundation of Mechanics -- Seven: Energy Factors -- Eight: The Mechanical Approach to Energetics and Mechanical Pictures.
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  • 56
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401594400
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (III, 237 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Political philosophy. ; Public international law. ; Ethics ; Ontology ; Political science Philosophy ; Political science—Philosophy. ; International law.
    Abstract: No theory is more passionately and widely defined, or decried, than is liberalism in contemporary Anglo-American philosophy. But what is this theory, on which so much ink is spilled? This collection of original essays by leading specialists in political philosophy, legal theory, and economics offers answers to that question, by exploring the theoretical commitments of liberals and some of the practical implications of their view. Among the topics explored is the distinction between liberalism and conservatism, and the degree to which liberals must be committed to neutrality, individualism, equality, freedom, and a contractarian theory of justification. The practical implications of liberalism are further examined by considerations of the proper role of the liberal state in undertaking egalitarian redistribution, the provision of public goods, and retributive punishment. The papers assembled by Narveson and Dimock will be of benefit to anyone working in the areas of political philosophy, political theory, or political economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Understanding LiberalismLiberal-Conservative: The Real Controversy -- Liberal Neutrality -- Liberalism, Skepticism, and Neutrality: Making Do Without Doubt -- Liberalism and Atomistic Individualism -- Liberalism, Communitarianism, and Asocialism -- Some Political Implications -- Diminishing Marginal Utility and Egalitarian Redistribution -- Public Goods Theory and Public Policy -- Libertarian Rectification: Restitution, Retribution, and the Risk-Multiplier -- Restitutionism Defended -- Challenges to the Foundations -- Pure Contractarianism: Promise, Problems, and Prospects -- A Moral Obligation to Obey the State -- The Poverty of Market Contractarianism -- A Proof that Libertarianism Is Either False or Banal -- The Nature of Coercion.
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  • 57
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    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401141604
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XI, 228 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2000.
    Series Statement: Philosophy and Medicine 63
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    Keywords: Medical ethics. ; Philosophy and science. ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Ethics. ; Bioethics. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy (General) ; Ethics ; medicine Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Medical ethics
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. Social Constructivism Vs. Scientific Realism -- 3. Fact Vs. Value -- 4. The Concept of Disease -- 5. The Classification of Diseases -- 6. The Elements of Diagnosis -- 7. The Process of Diagnosis -- 8. Conclusion -- Notes.
    Abstract: The germs of the ideas in this book became implanted in me during my experience as a resident in clinical pathology at Boston University Medical Center. At the time, I had inklings that the test results churned out by our laboratories were more than scientific facts. As a philosophically unsophisticated young physician, however, I had no language or framework to analyze what I saw as a deep philosophical problem, a problem largely unrecognized by most physicians. The test results provided by our laboratories were accurate and of great practical importance for patient care. However, most of the physicians who relied on our test results to diagnose and treat their patients either did not have the time or interest to consider the philosophical issues inherent in diagnosis, or, like me, had inadequate means to further analyze them. It was more than ten years later that I began doctoral studies in philosophy, and I was fortunate to find a faculty that was supportive of my efforts to address the problem. This book began as my doctoral dissertation in the Department of Philosophy at Georgetown University. I would like to acknowledge the assistance of my mentor, Robert Veatch, Ph. D. Our conversations during my Georgetown years led me in new and often fascinating directions. I would also like to acknowledge the help of Kenneth Schaffner, M. D. , Ph. D.
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  • 58
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    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401009461
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXXVII, 684 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2000.
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 70
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy and science. ; Modern philosophy. ; Phenomenology . ; Philosophy. ; Metaphysics. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Phenomenology ; Science Philosophy
    Abstract: Foreground Following the Logos through the Labyrinth of Life -- One From The Elusive Primeval Logos to the Open-Ended Great Plan of Life -- One The Primeval Logos -- Two Life and Non-Life -- Three Life in Its Specifics -- Tying Point One The Manifestation of Life Through the Nature-Life Complex and Its Radius -- Nature -Life -- Two Embodiment And the Transformation of Sense -- One The Embodiment of the Logoic Lifedynamics and The Phases of the Conversion of Sense -- Two The Gathering of the Dynamic Logoic Threads -- Three The Embodiment of the Logos in the Second Phase: Transformation of Sense -- Four Voluminosity Crystalizing the Vital Dimension of Beingness -- Five The Differentiation of the Logos in Constitutive and Intelligible Expression -- Tying Point Two Anticipating the Manifestation of the Logos of Life -- One Metaphysics of Manifestation Logos in the Individualization of Life, Sociability, and Culture -- Two Spontaneity, Constructive Dynamism, and Ciphering in the Human Condition -- Three Manifestation and Differentiation -- One The Surging Manifestation of Life -- Two The Strategies of Differentiation and Harmony in the Self-Individualizing Life Process -- Three Ontopoietic Diversity and the Unity of Apperception -- Tying Point Three The Great Plan of Life — Anticipating the Triadic Logos -- One The esoteric Logos -- Two The Great Plan of Life, the Esoteric Passion of the Mind -- Four The Emergence of the Triadic Logos: The Turning Point -- One The Manifestation of the Intellection in the Universe in the Triadic Logos: The Turning Point -- Two Knowledge and Cognition in the Self-Individualizing Progress of Life -- Three The Creative Rise of the Human Spirit -- Tying Point Four The Logos of Subliminal Passions — Their Crucial Role in Human Self-Interpretation in Existence -- One The Passionfor Place as the Thread Leading out of the Labyrinth of Life -- Two Spacing/Scanning as the Foundational Function of Individualization Within The Territory of Life -- Three The Release of Subliminal Yearnings -- five The Promethean Direction of the Logos of Life In Quest of Accomplishment The Dialectic of Embodiment and Freedom -- One The Human Self in the Communal Fabric -- Two From Husserl’s Formulation of the Soul-Body Problem to the Differentiation of Faculties -- Three Telos and Destiny -- Tying Point Five Introducing the Measure: Chronos and Kairos -- Life’s Timing Itself vs. The Human Esoteric Passion For Accomplishment -- One Chronos and Kairos: Ordering on the One Side and Radiating on the Other -- Two Chronos and Kairos Seen in Their Ontopoietic Roles -- Six The Strategies of Impetusiequipoise in Communal Sharing-In-Life -- One The Fulguration of the Logos in the “overt” Strategies of the Existential Interaction the Communal Significance of Life -- Two The Dialectic Junction In The Logoic Strategies: Moral Law Vs. Commitment -- Three The Creative Forge of the Logos within the Human Condition The Twilight of Consciousness and the Human Virtues -- Four Moral and Civic Virtue as the Bedrock of the Manifest Game of Life, the Cornerstone of Dynamic Social Equipoise -- Tying Point Six -- The Golden Measure: Toward a New Enlightenment -- The Meta-Ontopoietic Closure -- Notes -- Index of Names.
    Abstract: Employing her original concept of the ontopoiesis of life, the author uncovers the intrinsic law of the primogenital logos - that which operates in the working of the indivisible dyad of impetus and equipoise. This is the crucial, intrinsically motivated device of logoic constructivism. This key instrument is engaged - is at play - at every stage of the advance of life. In a feat unprecedented in the history of western philosophy, the emergence and unfolding of the entire orbit of the human universe is shown to bear out this insight. Furthermore, the intrinsic rhythms of impetus and equipoise are taken as a guide in uncovering the workings of the logos all at once, in contrast to the piecemeal exposition of a single line of argument. In a schema covering the entire career of beingness-in-becoming between the infinities of origin and destiny, an historically unprecedented harmonizing all sectors of rationality is accomplished in a span of reflection comparable to Spinoza's Ethics. The work draws on interdisciplinary investigations in both science and the arts. All of the history of Occidental philosophy finds summary in it, even as feelers, guidelines, leitmotifs are thrown out for its future development. A landmark of Occidental philosophy at the turn of the millennium.
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  • 59
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    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401140362
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXI, 492 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2000.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Philosophy of mind. ; Cognitive psychology. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy of mind ; Science Philosophy ; Consciousness
    Abstract: I: The Development of a Science of Psychology -- 1 Introduction to Assumptions and Arguments -- 2 Alternative Assumptions and Principles -- 3 Problems of Explanations and Theories of Visual Perception -- 4 Consequences for Perception Psychology and Epistemology -- II: The Relation Between Language, Cognition and Reality -- 5 The Relation Between Language and Reality -- 6 Language, Concepts and Reality -- 7 Situations, Action and Knowledge -- 8 Scientific and Other Descriptions of Reality -- 9 Physicalism and Psychology -- 10 Context, Content and Reference- the Case for Beliefs and Intentionality -- 11 Propositions about Real as Opposed to Fictitious Things -- 12 Why There Still Cannot be a Causal Theory of Content -- 13 The Relation Between Language, Cognition and Reality I -- 14 The Relation Between Language, Cognition and Reality II -- 15 The Relation Between Language, Cognition and Reality III -- III: Identity -- 16 Identity and Identification - Same and Different -- IV: Persons -- 17 Some Consequences of Epistemological Idealism -- 18 Wittgenstein’s Theories of Language -- 19 The External World and the Internal -- 20 The Inter-Subjectivity of Knowledge and Language -- 21 The Conditions for People to be and Function as Persons: Summary and Consequences -- References.
    Abstract: This book addresses a growing concern as to why Psychology, now more than a hundred years after becoming an independent research area, does not yet meet the basic requirements of a scientific discipline on a par with other sciences such as physics and biology. These requirements include: agree­ ment on definition and delimitation of the range of features and properties of the phenomena or subject matter to be investigated; secondly, the development of concepts and methods which unambiguously specify the phenomena and systematic investigation of their features and properties. A third equally important requirement, implicit in the first two, is exclusion from enquiry of all other mattes with which the discipline is not concerned. To these requirements must then be added the development of basic assumptions about the nature of what is under investigation, and of principles to account for its properties and to serve as a guide as to what are relevant questions to ask and theories to develop about them.
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  • 60
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    Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer | Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401140645
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 538 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2000.
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Power, William L. Eugene Thomas Long, Twentieth-Century Western Philosophy of Religion 1900–2000 2001
    Series Statement: Handbook of Contemporary Philosophy of Religion 1
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Modern philosophy. ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Religion. ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Philosophy ; Religion (General)
    Abstract: 1. General Introduction -- One Philosophy of Religion at the Turn of the Twentieth-Century -- 2. Introduction to Part One -- 3. Absolute Idealism -- 4. Personal Idealism -- 5. Neo-Kantianism -- 6. Positivism and the Science of Religion -- Two Philosophy of Religion Between the Wars -- 7. Introduction to Part Two -- 8. Neo-Realism -- 9. Phenomenology -- 10. American Pragmatism -- 11. Personalism -- 12. Philosophy of History -- Three Philosophy of Religion After Mid-Century -- 13. Introduction to Part Three -- 14. Philosophical Analysis -- 15. Existential Philosophy -- 16. Neo-Thomism -- 17. Process Philosophy -- Four Philosophy of Religion at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century -- 18. Introduction to Part Four -- 19. Analytic Philosophy -- 20. Hermeneutics and Deconstruction -- 21. Critical Theory -- 22. Comparative Philosophy -- 23. Feminist Philosophy -- 24. Concluding Remarks -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Abstract: In the fall of 1994, Hendrik-Jan van Leusen, an acquisitions editor from Kluwer Academic Publishers, visited me in my home to discuss a proposal for a handbook in the philosophy of religion. He reported that he had been talking about this with philosophers of religion at several universities and that the response to the idea had been quite favorable. I suggested that given the dif­ ferent approaches to the philosophy of religion, it might be good for him to meet with philosophers representing different philosophical traditions at an up-coming meeting of the Eastern Division of the American Philosophical Association. Jude Dougherty, Joseph Kockelmans, Robert Neville, William Rowe and Merold Westphal kindly agreed to attend that meeting. They made many substantial and helpful suggestions and a summary of the discussions was sent to van Leusen. Some months later, he wrote to inquire whether I might consider editing the series and writing the first volume which was to provide a historical map of twentieth century western philosophy of religion. Although I could imagine myself editing the series I was initially reluctant to under­ take the task of writing a volume that would take me across the lines of many different philosophical traditions. By coincidence I had been asked some months earlier to contribute an essay on the philosophy of religion for a conference being held at the Catholic University of America on the general topic, "One Hundred Years of Philosophy.
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9789401143110
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Economics ; Industrial management ; International economics ; Ethics ; Management science. ; Business. ; Management. ; Personnel management. ; International economic relations.
    Abstract: Increasingly companies' stakeholders require organisations to observe international standards prescribed by international laws, treaties, conventions, recommendations, and/or codes of conduct. The papers selected for this volume explore 1) the ethical pressures on international business to meet the challenges of diversity, 2) suggested methods of coping with diversity, and 3) the challenges required to overcome corporate self-interest in the search for new instruments. Collectively these articles reflect scholarly insights and corporate responses to diversity in international business, a topic of wide interest in contemporary business ethics
    Description / Table of Contents: Business Challenging Business Ethics: New Instruments for Coping with Diversity in International BusinessIn Search of Instruments. Business and Ethics Halfway -- Business Ethics Auditing - More Than a Stakeholder’s Toy -- Is It Ethical to Use Ethics as Strategy? -- Coercion, Guidance and Mercifulness: The Different Influences of Ethics Programs on Decision-Making -- Communicating about Ethics with Small Firms: Experiences from the U.K. and Spain -- Corporate Communication and Impression Management - New Perspectives Why Companies Engage in Corporate Social Reporting -- The Dialogical Turn of Public Relation Ethics -- Values in Decision-Making Processes: Systematic Structures of J. Habermas and N. Luhmann for the Appreciation of Responsibility in Leadership -- Cross-Cultural Methodological Issues in Ethical Research -- Managing Cross Cultural Business Ethics -- International Enterprises and Trade Unions -- An Ethics of Care or an Ethics of Justice -- The Limits of Shareholder Value -- Ethical Business and Investment: A Model for Business and Society -- Reasons To Be Ethical: Self-Interest and Ethical Business -- The Spanish Code for Good Corporate Governance (Olivencia Report): An Ethical Analysis -- The Cultural Dimension of Codes of Corporate Governance: A Focus on the Olivencia Report -- Innovation and Ethics Ethical Considerations in the Innovation Business -- Human Rights and Business Ethics: Fashioning a New Social Contract.
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  • 62
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    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401593854
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 349 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 291
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Logic ; History ; Mathematics. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Modern mathematical logic would not exist without the analytical tools first developed by George Boole in The Mathematical Analysis of Logic and The Laws of Thought. The influence of the Boolean school on the development of logic, always recognised but long underestimated, has recently become a major research topic. This collection is the first anthology of works on Boole. It contains two works published in 1865, the year of Boole's death, but never reprinted, as well as several classic studies of recent decades and ten original contributions appearing here for the first time. From the programme of the English Algebraic School to Boole's use of operator methods, from the problem of interpretability to that of psychologism, a full range of issues is covered. The Boole Anthology is indispensable to Boole studies and will remain so for years to come
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  • 63
    ISBN: 9789401720816
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 324 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 64
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; medicine Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy and science. ; Metaphysics ; Phenomenology ; Medicine—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Medicine's crucial concern with health is perennial, but its reflection, concepts, means change with the advance of science and social life. We present here a fascinating panorama of current medical discussions with their philosophical underpinnings, and queries as they have evolved from the past. The role of Tymieniecka's phenomenology of life is brought forth as the system of philosophical reference
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  • 64
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    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401594073
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 445 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Law and Philosophy Library 46
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Political science. ; Law. ; Law—Philosophy. ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; Philosophy. ; Sociology. ; Comparative law. ; Law—History. ; International law.
    Abstract: The essays in this book treat important aspects of most of the major themes in contemporary philosophy of law and legal theory. Many of the essays are relatively original. All reveal the distinctive authenticity of the author's work, for he is not only a reputable legal theorist but an internationally known scholar of private law, and for many years chair of the Bielefelder Kreis, an international group of legal theorists who have jointly authored major works comparing methodologies of statutory interpretation and precedent
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface. IntroductionPart One: General Theory of Law. 1. The Concept of Law. 2. Influence on American Legal Theory. 3. Law as a Type of `Machine' Technology. 4. On Identifying and Reconstructing A General Legal Theory. 5. My Philosophy of Law -- Part Two: Form in Law. 6. The Formal Character of Law. 7. A Formal Theory of the Rule of Law. 8. The Formal Character of Law - Statutory Rules -- Part Three: Legal Reasoning. 9. Interpreting Statutes and Precedents - Two Comparative Studies. 10. The Argument from Ordinary Meaning in Statutory Interpretation. 11. Interpreting Statues - Should Courts Consider Materials of Legislative History? 12. Formal Legal Truth and Substantive Truth in Judicial Fact-Finding -- Part Four: Contract Theory. 13. The Conceptualization of Good Faith in American Contract Law. 14. Substantive Justification in Contract Cases - the Primacy of Rightness Reasons -- Part Five: Critique of Economic Analysis of Law. 15. Economics and the Autonomy of Law, Legal Analysis and Legal Theory. 16. Economists' Reasons for Common Law Decisions -- Name Index -- Subject Index.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401593991
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 221 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The New Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Philosophy 48
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Humanities ; Modern philosophy. ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Sociology. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: Until 30 years ago, most sociologists believed that only knowledge in the humanities and social sciences is open to sociological analysis. This is no longer the case: a large number of studies have shown that the knowledge of science and technology also has the character of social institutions. The success of sociologists in understanding the social dimensions of science and technology has led to a relative decline of sociological studies of the humanities in general, philosophy in particular. This anthology seeks to correct that neglect. The authors seek to show that contextual and sociological sensitivity is crucial to an understanding of the very content of philosophical positions and controversies, and for recapturing the contingency in the history of philosophy. Readership: All students of the history of philosophy and sociologists of knowledge
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401534093
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (134 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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