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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (2,083)
  • Kalliope (Nachlässe)
  • 2020-2024  (2,083)
  • 1955-1959
  • Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (2,083)
Datasource
  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (2,083)
  • Kalliope (Nachlässe)
Material
Language
Years
  • 2020-2024  (2,083)
  • 1955-1959
Year
Author, Corporation
Publisher
Keywords
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Child Injury and the Determinants of Health (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036506005 , 9783036506012
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction
    Abstract: The World Health Organization recognizes that injuries are the leading cause of death and disability to children after their first birthday. There is also high morbidity associated with injuries sustained in childhood, often affecting people for the rest of their lives. For every child who dies from injury, there are several thousand who require medical care, many who live with varying degrees of disability. Children and adolescents (0–19 years of age) are at increased risk of mortality and morbidity due to injuries such as road traffic, burns, falls, poisoning, drowning, self-harm and interpersonal violence. There are proven ways to prevent many child injuries, yet there are still gaps in our knowledge. By understanding the impact of determinants of health (i.e., the social and economic environment, the physical environment and a person’s individual characteristics and behaviors), effective prevention interventions can be designed and implemented, with a high return on investment. This Special Issue covers an eclectic range of studies, the common goal of which is to reduce the global burden of child injury-related mortality and morbidity
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  • 2
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    Refinements to Animal Models for Biomedical Research (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036503325 , 9783036503332
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (234 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: There is some talk about an antibiotic Armageddon, wherein untreatable post-operative infections and similarly untreatable complications after chemotherapy will occur. The now famous “O’Neill Report” suggests that, by 2050, more people could die from resistant bacterial infections than from cancer. We are still learning about all the subtle drivers of antibiotic resistance, realizing that we need a single “whole health” coordinated policy. We ingest what we sometimes feed to animals, yet there does not seem to be any new classes of antibiotics on the horizon. Maybe there is something that has been around forever that could could to our rescue: bacteriophages. Nevertheless, we have to do things differently. We must use antibiotics appropriately and for the correct indication, duration, and dosage with good practice and stewardship.. While by no means comprehensive, this book covers many topics regarding antibiotic stewardship. It also addresses older antibiotics, new combinations, and even new agents. Last but not least, this book features two excellent articles on bacteriophages. Refinements to animal models used in research for either human or animal benefit must be an ongoing aim for anyone working in this context, whether it be as an animal carrier, an animal user, a veterinarian, or an official. Unfortunately, the details of refinements are often overlooked in publications describing the research outcomes. This book includes manuscripts published in the Animals Special Issue “Refinements to Animal Models for Biomedical Research”. In this contemporary resource, we included 12 peer-reviewed papers that cover a range of approaches to the concept of refinement
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  • 3
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    Textile-Based Advanced Materials : Construction, Properties and Applications (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036504209 , 9783036504216
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (248 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Developments in the science and technology of textiles are not only limited to apparel and fashion. Certainly, there are research efforts aimed at improving the construction and processing of textiles for clothing—such as studies on cleaner production to reduce environmental impact, increasing the utilization of fibers and process chemicals from renewable resources, and on the recycling of materials from post-consumer waste apparel back into the manufacturing of new clothing articles. In addition, technological concepts developed for the creation of clothing over the centuries are now being investigated for use in a diverse array of fields—such as in the manufacture of engineering composites, personal protective equipment, and medicine. Further, developments in other fields—such as electronics, nanotechnology, and information and communication technologies—are being investigated for their incorporation into apparel and clothing to create “smart textiles”. The aim of this Special Issue is to put together a collection of scientific reports on such efforts to highlight the range of scientific and technological issues that are being targeted and the ingenuity of the methodologies employed to find answers. It is hoped that readers of this issue will come away with an appreciation of the research being conducted in this area, and perhaps gain inspiration for their own scientific endeavors
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  • 4
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    Remote Sensing of Volcanic Processes and Risk (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036501260 , 9783036501277
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (430 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Remote sensing data and methods are increasingly being implemented in assessments of volcanic processes and risk. This happens thanks to their capability to provide a spectrum of observation and measurement opportunities to accurately sense the dynamics, magnitude, frequency, and impacts of volcanic activity. This book includes research papers on the use of satellite, aerial, and ground-based remote sensing to detect thermal features and anomalies, investigate lava and pyroclastic flows, predict the flow path of lahars, measure gas emissions and plumes, and estimate ground deformation. The multi-disciplinary character of the approaches employed for volcano monitoring and the combination of a variety of sensor types, platforms, and methods that come out from the papers testify to the current scientific and technology trends toward multi-data and multi-sensor monitoring solutions. The added value of the papers lies in the demonstration of how remote sensing can improve our knowledge of volcanoes that pose a threat to local communities; back-analysis and critical revision of recent volcanic eruptions and unrest periods; and improvement of modeling and prediction methods. Therefore, the selected case studies also demonstrate the societal impact that this scientific discipline can potentially have on volcanic hazard and risk management
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  • 5
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    Biological and Pharmacological Activity of Plant Natural Compounds (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036503042 , 9783036503059
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (296 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Phytotherapy is probably the oldest form of medicine; however, it represents a new therapeutic tool for healthcare workers. Indeed plants are an infinite source of novel molecules, with countless possible combinations. This collection of articles (a Special Issue from Molecules) brings together the most up-to-date studies on the use of plant-derived compounds, ranging from their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects to the revision of the prominent literature
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  • 6
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    Advance in Gluten-Free Diet (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039438716 , 9783039438723
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Food & society
    Abstract: The only effective and safe treatment of celiac disease (CD) is a lifelong, strict exclusion of gluten, the so-called gluten-free diet (GFD). As a consequence, strict adherence to the GFD is highly successful and useful to achieve optimal control of symptoms in celiac patients, although, sometimes, nutritional problems can persist despite a strict exclusion of gluten. However, following a strict GFD is not easy and an updated quality assessment of available products is needed for further improvement in gluten-free product development. Similar to CD, GFD is the common dietary approach in non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity (NCGWS). NCGWS is another common gluten-related disorder without the diagnostic features of CD. Increasing interest in the association and interaction between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia, and gluten-related disorders can expand our knowledge and understanding of the management of these disorders. In this respect, GFD is considered a therapeutic option in IBS and functional digestive disorders. New insights into the GFD are an exciting scientific challenge for researchers
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  • 7
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    Diagnosis and Treatment of Small Bowel Disorders (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039438730 , 9783039438747
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Over the last few decades, remarkable progress has been made in understanding the aetiology and pathophysiology of diseases and many new theories emphasize the importance of the small bowel ‘ecosystem’ in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic illness. Emerging factors such as microbiome, stem cells, innate intestinal immunity and the enteric nervous system along with mucosal and endothelial barriers have key role in the development of gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal diseases. Therefore, the small intestine is considered key player in metabolic disease development, including diabetes mellitus, and other diet-related disorders such as celiac and non-celiac enteropathies. Another major field is drug metabolism and its interaction with microbiota. Moreover, the emergence of gut-brain, gut-liver and gut-blood barriers points toward the important role of small intestine in the pathogenesis of common disorders, such as liver disease, hypertension and neurodegenerative disease. However, the small bowel remains an organ that is difficult to fully access and assess and accurate diagnosis often poses a clinical challenge. Eventually, the therapeutic potential remains untapped. Therefore, it is due time to direct our interest towards the small intestine and unravel the interplay between small-bowel and other gastrointestinal (GI) and non-GI related maladies
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  • 8
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    Impact of Agricultural Practices on Biodiversity of Soil Invertebrates (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039437191 , 9783039437207
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Soil fauna plays a key role in many soil functions, such as organic matter decomposition, humus formation, and nutrient release, modifying soil structure, and improving its fertility. Soil invertebrates play key roles in determining soil suitability for agricultural production and realizing sustainable farming systems. They include an enormous diversity of arthropods, nematodes, and earthworms. However, this fauna suffers from the impact of agricultural activities with implications for the capacity of soil to maintain its fertility and provide ecosystem services. Some agricultural practices may create crucial soil habitat changes, with consequences for invertebrate biodiversity. In the few last decades, especially under intensive and specialized farming systems, a loss in soil ecosystem services has been observed, as a result of the reduction in both the abundance and taxonomic diversity of soil faunal communities. On the other hand, agricultural practices, based on sustainable soil management, can promote useful soil fauna. Therefore, the concerns about the sensibility of soil biota to the agricultural practices make it urgent to develop sustainable management strategies, able to realize favorable microclimate and habitats, and reduce the soil disturbance
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  • 9
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    Water Flow, Solute and Heat Transfer in Groundwater (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039368969 , 9783039368976
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (236 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Groundwater is an essential and vital water resource for drinking water production, agricultural irrigation, and industrial processes. Having a better understanding of physical and chemical processes in aquifers enables more reliable decisions and reduces investments concerning water management. This Special Issue on “Water Flow, Solute, and Heat Transfer, in Groundwater” of Water focuses on the recent advances in groundwater dynamics, and it includes high-quality papers that cover a wide range of issues on different aspects related to groundwater: protection from contamination, recharge, heat transfer, hydraulic parameters estimation, well hydraulics, microbial community, colloid transport, and mathematical models. This integrative volume aims to transfer knowledge to hydrologists, hydraulic engineers, and water resources planners, who are engaged in the sustainable development of groundwater resources
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  • 10
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    Advanced DC-DC Power Converters and Switching Converters (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036504469 , 9783036504476
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Nowadays, power electronics is an enabling technology in the energy development scenario. Furthermore, power electronics is strictly linked with several fields of technological growth, such as consumer electronics, IT and communications, electrical networks, utilities, industrial drives and robotics, and transportation and automotive sectors. Moreover, the widespread use of power electronics enables cost savings and minimization of losses in several technology applications required for sustainable economic growth. The topologies of DC–DC power converters and switching converters are under continuous development and deserve special attention to highlight the advantages and disadvantages for use increasingly oriented towards green and sustainable development. DC–DC converter topologies are developed in consideration of higher efficiency, reliable control switching strategies, and fault-tolerant configurations. Several types of switching converter topologies are involved in isolated DC–DC converter and nonisolated DC–DC converter solutions operating in hard-switching and soft-switching conditions. Switching converters have applications in a broad range of areas in both low and high power densities. The articles presented in the Special Issue titled "Advanced DC-DC Power Converters and Switching Converters" consolidate the work on the investigation of the switching converter topology considering the technological advances offered by innovative wide-bandgap devices and performance optimization methods in control strategies used
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  • 11
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    Advances in Microalloyed Steels (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036501321 , 9783036501338
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (236 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: In response to the demanding requirements of different sectors, such as construction, transportation, energy, manufacturing, and mining, new generations of microalloyed steels are being developed and brought to market. The addition of microalloying elements, such as niobium, vanadium, titanium, boron, and/or molybdenum, has become a key tool in the steel industry to reach economically-viable grades with increasingly higher mechanical strength, toughness, good formability, and weldable products. The challenges that microalloying steel production faces can be solved with a deeper understanding of the effects that these microalloying additions and combinations of them have during the different steps of the steelmaking process
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  • 12
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    Fractional Integrals and Derivatives: “True” versus “False&rdquo (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036504940
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (280 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: This Special Issue is devoted to some serious problems that the Fractional Calculus (FC) is currently confronted with and aims at providing some answers to the questions like “What are the fractional integrals and derivatives?”, “What are their decisive mathematical properties?”, “What fractional operators make sense in applications and why?’’, etc. In particular, the “new fractional derivatives and integrals” and the models with these fractional order operators are critically addressed. The Special Issue contains both the surveys and the research contributions. A part of the articles deals with foundations of FC that are considered from the viewpoints of the pure and applied mathematics, and the system theory. Another part of the Special issue addresses the applications of the FC operators and the fractional differential equations. Several articles devoted to the numerical treatment of the FC operators and the fractional differential equations complete the Special Issue
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  • 13
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    Selected Papers from 2018 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering (ICHVE 2018) (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039436255 , 9783039436262
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: The 2018 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering (ICHVE 2018) was held on 10–13 September 2018 in Athens, Greece, organized by the National Technical University of Athens, Greece, and endorsed by the IEEE Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society. This conference has attracted a great deal of attention from international researchers in the field of high voltage engineering. This conference provided not only an excellent platform to share knowledge and experiences on high voltage engineering, but also the opportunity to present the latest achievements and different emerging challenges in power engineering, including topics related to ultra-high voltage, smart grids, and new insulation materials and their dielectric properties
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  • 14
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    Inaugural Section Special Issue : Key Topics and Future Perspectives in Natural Hazards Research (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039438334 , 9783039438341
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (226 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book collects selected high-quality papers published in 2018–2020 to inaugurate the “Natural Hazards” Section of the Geosciences journal. The topics encompass: trends in publications at international level in the field of natural hazards research; the role of Big Data in natural disaster management; assessment of seismic risk through the understanding and quantification of its different components; climatic/hydro-meteorological hazards; and finally, the scientific analysis and disaster forensics of recent natural hazard events. The target audience includes not only specialists, but also graduate students who wish to approach the challenging, but also fascinating
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  • 15
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    Recent Investigations of Differential and Fractional Equations and Inclusions (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036500744 , 9783036500751
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: During the past decades, the subject of calculus of integrals and derivatives of any arbitrary real or complex order has gained considerable popularity and impact. This is mainly due to its demonstrated applications in numerous seemingly diverse and widespread fields of science and engineering. In connection with this, great importance is attached to the publication of results that focus on recent and novel developments in the theory of any types of differential and fractional differential equation and inclusions, especially covering analytical and numerical research for such kinds of equations. This book is a compilation of articles from a Special Issue of Mathematics devoted to the topic of “Recent Investigations of Differential and Fractional Equations and Inclusions”. It contains some theoretical works and approximate methods in fractional differential equations and inclusions as well as fuzzy integrodifferential equations. Many of the papers were supported by the Bulgarian National Science Fund under Project KP-06-N32/7. Overall, the volume is an excellent witness of the relevance of the theory of fractional differential equations
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  • 16
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    Biomarkers of Renal Diseases (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039439119 , 9783039439126
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (276 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This book provides important and updated information on current research devoted to urinary biomarkers. Urinary biomarkers are characteristics that can be objectively measured and evaluated as indicators of normal biological or pathogenic processes of pharmacological responses to therapeutic intervention
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  • 17
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    Bacterial Interactions with Dental and Medical Materials (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036500201 , 9783036500218
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (248 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The interaction of bacteria with biomaterials’ surfaces has critical clinical implications on the development and progression of biofilm-related diseases. In this book "Bacterial Interactions with Dental and Medical Materials", encouraging findings on tissue-contacting biomaterials to control biofilms, enhanced understanding of key mechanisms, and clinical perspectives are discussed toward improving healthcare
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  • 18
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    Toward a Sustainable Agriculture Through Plant Biostimulants : From Experimental Data to Practical Applications (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036500287 , 9783036500294
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (708 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Abstract: Over the past decade, int ...
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  • 19
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    Sensor Signal and Information Processing III (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036500126 , 9783036500133
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (394 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: In the current age of information explosion, newly invented technological sensors and software are now tightly integrated with our everyday lives. Many sensor processing algorithms have incorporated some forms of computational intelligence as part of their core framework in problem-solving. These algorithms have the capacity to generalize and discover knowledge for themselves and to learn new information whenever unseen data are captured. The primary aim of sensor processing is to develop techniques to interpret, understand, and act on information contained in the data. The interest of this book is in developing intelligent signal processing in order to pave the way for smart sensors. This involves the mathematical advancement of nonlinear signal processing theory and its applications that extend far beyond traditional techniques. It bridges the boundary between theory and application, developing novel theoretically inspired methodologies targeting both longstanding and emergent signal processing applications. The topics range from phishing detection to integration of terrestrial laser scanning, and from fault diagnosis to bio-inspired filtering. The book will appeal to established practitioners, along with researchers and students in the emerging field of smart sensor signal processing
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  • 20
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    End-Users’ Perspectives on Energy Policy and Technology (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036500157 , 9783036500164
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This Special Issue (SI) deals with different end-users’ perspectives on newly developed energy policy and technology. Although the importance of end-users’ preferences is not totally new to the energy sector, this issue needs to be urgently and consistently addressed if new policies, projects, and technologies are to be introduced successfully. The eight papers included in this SI are focused on various issues such as modeling the future energy demand, household energy consumption behavior, public perceptions of new energy technologies and projects, and ICT–energy efficiency interrelationship. Some papers also analyze end-users’ experiences with recently introduced energy technologies. Based on these eight articles with various topics, this SI will provide fruitful insights in assessing and forecasting the evolution of the future energy sector. I hope this SI can contribute to the increase in communication and cooperation among academic researchers as well as practitioners in energy fields
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  • 21
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    Advances in Chemical Vapor Deposition (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039439232 , 9783039439249
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (94 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Pursuing a scalable production methodology for materials and advancing it from the laboratory to industry is beneficial to novel daily-life applications. From this perspective, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) offers a compromise between efficiency, controllability, tunability and excellent run-to-run repeatability in the coverage of monolayers on substrates. Hence, CVD meets all of the requirements for industrialization in basically all areas, including polymer coatings, metals, water-filtration systems, solar cells and so on. The Special Issue “Advances in Chemical Vapor Deposition” is dedicated to providing an overview of the latest experimental findings and identifying the growth parameters and characteristics of perovskites, TiO2, Al2O3, VO2 and V2O5 with desired qualities for potentially useful devices
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  • 22
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    Artificial Neural Networks and Evolutionary Computation in Remote Sensing (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039438273 , 9783039438280
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (256 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Artificial neural networks (ANNs) and evolutionary computation methods have been successfully applied in remote sensing applications since they offer unique advantages for the analysis of remotely-sensed images. ANNs are effective in finding underlying relationships and structures within multidimensional datasets. Thanks to new sensors, we have images with more spectral bands at higher spatial resolutions, which clearly recall big data problems. For this purpose, evolutionary algorithms become the best solution for analysis. This book includes eleven high-quality papers, selected after a careful reviewing process, addressing current remote sensing problems. In the chapters of the book, superstructural optimization was suggested for the optimal design of feedforward neural networks, CNN networks were deployed for a nanosatellite payload to select images eligible for transmission to ground, a new weight feature value convolutional neural network (WFCNN) was applied for fine remote sensing image segmentation and extracting improved land-use information, mask regional-convolutional neural networks (Mask R-CNN) was employed for extracting valley fill faces, state-of-the-art convolutional neural network (CNN)-based object detection models were applied to automatically detect airplanes and ships in VHR satellite images, a coarse-to-fine detection strategy was employed to detect ships at different sizes, and a deep quadruplet network (DQN) was proposed for hyperspectral image classification
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  • 23
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    Microfluidics for Biosensing and Diagnostics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036500621 , 9783036500638
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (114 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Efforts to miniaturize sensing and diagnostic devices and to integrate multiple functions into one device have caused massive growth in the field of microfluidics and this integration is now recognized as an important feature of most new diagnostic approaches. These approaches have and continue to change the field of biosensing and diagnostics. In this Special Issue, we present a small collection of works describing microfluidics with applications in biosensing and diagnostics
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  • 24
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    Ship Dynamics for Performance Based Design and Risk Averse Operations (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036506166 , 9783036506173
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: More than a century and half ago, William Froude and his son Robert [1,2] conducted the first scientifically designed towing tank experiments using scaled ship models traveling in calm water or waves. Since then, advances in mathematics and technology have led to the development of various methods for the assessment of the dynamic behavior of ships. Yet, as we enter the 2nd decade of the 21st century the advent of goal-based regulations and the emergence of safe and sustainable shipping standards still confront our ability to understand the fundamentals and assure absolute ship safety in design and operations. To instigate renewed interest in the well-rehearsed subject of ship dynamics this Special Issue presents a collection of 12 high-quality research contributions with a focus on the prediction and analysis of the dynamic behavior of ships in a stochastic environment. The papers presented are co-authored by leading subject matter experts from Europe, the Far East, and the USA. These papers will be of interest to academics, practitioners, and regulators involved in the progression of ship science, technical services, and safety standards
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    Sulfur-Containing Marine Bioactives (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036504902 , 9783036504919
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Sulfur is an essential element for all living organisms and is required by algae, plants, fungi, animals, and humans for growth and development. It is present in a variety of biomolecules involved in many biological functions, including the maintenance of cell redox homeostasis, defense, and detoxifying processes. The alteration of sulfur compound metabolism may lead to human diseases as well as to plant and animal pathologies. The marine environment, which is characterized by a high biodiversity of species and a great chemical diversity, represents a great potential source of bioactive sulfur molecules. A broad range of biologically active sulfur compounds with unique structures and pharmacological properties have been reported to occur in marine organisms, from amino acids to different sulfated derivatives. Great attention is also focused on sulfur metabolites in the marine microbial world in relation to the global sulfur cycle. The aim of this Special Issue is to present existing knowledge and recent studies on sulfur-containing marine bioactive compounds in different biological systems. Attention is also focused on metabolites active at the ecological level
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    Thermal Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039438419 , 9783039438426
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: We live in interesting times in which life as we know it is being threatened by manmade changes to the atmosphere in which we live. On the global scale, concern is focused on climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions, and on a national scale, atmospheric pollution produced by combustion processes is of concern. A possible approach is through the development of new ideas and innovative processes to the current practices. Among the available options, multi-generation processes such as the trigeneration cycle, battery storage system, solar power plants and heat pumps have been widely studied, as they potentially allow for greater efficiency, lower costs, and reduced emissions. On the other hand, some researchers had been working to increase the potential of energy generation process through heat recovery under the steam generator, organic Rankine cycle, and absorption chillers. In this Special Issue on "Thermal Systems” of fundamental or applied and numerical or experimental investigation, many new concepts in thermal systems and energy utilization were explored and published as original research papers in this “Special Issue”
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    Zika Virus and Host Interactions (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039439492 , 9783039439508
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (256 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Zika virus (ZIKV), one of the flavivirus family members transmitted by mosquitos, was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the WHO in February 2016 because of clusters of newborn microcephaly cases and other neurological disorders in Brazil. Most ZIKV infections result in a self-limited flu-like febrile disease, however, if contracted during pregnancy, the virus can also infect fetuses and cause a spectrum of birth defects known as congenital Zika syndrome. To date, no vaccines or antiviral drugs are licensed for ZIKV, and the virus has spread and become endemic to many tropical and sub-tropical countries. Included in this book are thirteen reports addressing diverse aspects of ZIKV–host interactions. These studies range from basic science to clinical research. It is expected that findings from these studies will contribute to a better understanding of the host cells interacting with ZIKV, and may serve as the basis for new diagnostics, antiviral therapies, and vaccine design
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    Modelling and Process Control of Fuel Cell Systems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036505749 , 9783036505756
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: In this Special Issue, we have several papers related to fuel-cell-based cogeneration systems; the management and control of fuel cell systems; the analysis, simulation, and operation of different types of fuel cells; modelling and online experimental validation; and the environment assessment of cathode materials in lithium-ion battery energy generation systems. A paper which gives a comprehensive review with technical guidelines for the design and operation of fuel cells, especially in a cogeneration system setup, which can be an important source of references for the optimal design and operation of various types of fuel cells in cogeneration systems, can also be found in this Special Issue
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    ZnO Nanostructures for Tissue Regeneration, Drug-Delivery and Theranostics Applications (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036506562 , 9783036506579
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (106 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Nanostructured zinc oxide materials are capturing a great deal of interest thanks to their outstanding and multifunctional properties, enabling broad series of intervention in the field of nanomedicine. ZnO can be easily prepared in a broad variety of shapes and shows anticancer and antimicrobial properties that are of interest for tissue engineering, controlled delivery of therapeutics, and even theranostics. This book is thus dedicated to the most recent advances in the field, presented as a collection of research papers and reviews. It spans from the synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanomaterials to their applications in the nanomedicine field, ranging from anticancer nanotherapeutics to dental implants and antibacterial agents
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    Latest Advances in Electrothermal Models (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036503349 , 9783036503356
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This book is devoted to the latest advances in the area of electrothermal modelling of electronic components and networks. It contains eight sections by different teams of authors. These sections contain the results of: (a) electro-thermal simulations of SiC power MOSFETs using a SPICE-like simulation program; (b) modelling thermal properties of inductors taking into account the influence of the core volume on the efficiency of heat removal; (c) investigations into the problem of inserting a temperature sensor in the neighbourhood of a chip to monitor its junction temperature; (d) computations of the internal temperature of power LEDs situated in modules containing multiple-power LEDs, taking into account both self-heating in each power LED and mutual thermal couplings between each diode; (e) analyses of DC-DC converters using the electrothermal averaged model of the diode–transistor switch, including an IGBT and a rapid-switching diode; (f) electrothermal modelling of SiC power BJTs; (g) analysis of the efficiency of selected algorithms used for solving heat transfer problems at nanoscale; (h) analysis related to thermal simulation of the test structure dedicated to heat-diffusion investigation at the nanoscale
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    Novel Natural-based Biomolecules Discovery for Tackling Chronic Diseases (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036503868 , 9783036503875
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction
    Abstract: Natural-based biomolecules continuously play an important role in novel drug discovery for the treatment of chronic diseases. The development of natural peptide/protein-based, toxin-based, and antibody-based drugs can significantly improve the biomedical efficiency of disease-specific therapy. The focus of this Special Issue of Biomolecules will be on the most recent advances related to novel peptides/proteins, antibodies, and toxins as forms of medicinal therapy. Recent advances in the discovery and development of these natural biomolecules for use in targeted therapy and immunotherapy against chronic diseases (e.g., cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and rheumatoid arthritis) will be addressed. The discussion on using novel disease-specific proteins/peptides/toxins/antibodies along with currently available FDA-approved drugs as combinatorial treatments will also be encouraged in this context. Finally, an overview of some of the selected promising natural biomolecules that are potentially able to address the forthcoming challenges in this field will be included. Both research (in particular) and review articles proposing novelties or overviews, respectively, are welcome
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    Advanced Methods for Seismic Performance Evaluation of Building Structures (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039432141 , 9783039432158
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This Special Issue was created to collect the most recent and novel research on seismic performance evaluation of building structures. This issue includes three important topics on seismic engineering for building structures: (1) seismic design and performance evaluation, (2) structural dynamics, and (3) seismic hazard and risk analysis. To protect building structures from earthquakes, it is necessary to conduct seismic performance evaluations on structures with reliable methods and to retrofit these structures appropriately using the results of the seismic performance evaluation
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    Synthesis and Characterization of Ferroelectrics (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039436552 , 9783039436569
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The Special Issue on “Synthesis and Characterization of Ferroelectrics” reports on several physical properties of ferroelectric materials and their technological aspects. Different substitution mechanisms provide ideas toward future improvement of lead-free (Ba,Ca)(Zr,Ti)O3 piezoelectric ceramics, including the electrocaloric effect, fluorescence, and energy storage. It is established that axial and radial element segregation differently influences electrical properties of 0.68Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.32PbTiO3 (PMN-32PT for short) single crystals. While the electrical properties along the axial direction strongly depend on the PbTiO3 content, the electrical properties along the axial direction are mainly determined by the ratio of Nb and Mg. On the other hand, Fe-substitution of PMN-32PT crystals lead to an enhancement of the coercive field due to wall pinning induced by charged defect dipoles. It is also found, that capacitors based on Pt/Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3/La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 thin films display good fatigue resistance and retention. Another lead-free thin film capacitor fabricated from Ba0.3Sr0.7Zr0.18Ti0.82 features a low leakage current density and high breakdown strength. Such capacitors are essential for energy storage. Furthermore, an enhanced electrocaloric effect on 0.73Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.27PbTiO3 single crystals is demonstrated. This effect is promising for novel solid-state cooling systems
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    Application of Analytical Chemistry to Foods and Food Technology (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039434602 , 9783039434619
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction
    Abstract: The application of analytical chemistry to the food sector allows the determination of the chemical composition of foods and the properties of their constituents, contributing to the definition of their nutritional and commodity value. Furthermore, it is possible to study the chemical modifications that food constituents undergo as a result of the treatments they undergo (food technology). Food analysis, therefore, allows us not only to determine the quality of a product or its nutritional value, but also to reveal adulterations and identify the presence of xenobiotic substances potentially harmful to human health. Furthermore, some foods, especially those of plant origin, contain numerous substances with beneficial effects on health. While these functional compounds can be obtained from a correct diet, they can also be extracted from food matrices for the formulation of nutraceutical products or added to foods by technological or biotechnological means for the production of functional foods. On the other hand, the enormous growth of the food industry over the last 50 years has broadened the field of application of analytical chemistry to encompass not only food but also food technology, which is fundamental for increasing the production of all types of food
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    Leadership, Authority and Representation in British Muslim Communities (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039437412 , 9783039437429
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (258 p.)
    Keywords: Religion & beliefs
    Abstract: The contributions explore Muslim religious leadership in multiple forms and settings. While traditional authority is usually correlated with theology and piety, as in the case of classically trained ulema, the public advocacy of Muslim community concerns is often headed by those with professionalized skillsets and civic experience. In an increasingly digital world, both women and men exercise leadership in novel ways, and sites of authority are refracted from traditional loci, such as mosques and seminaries, to new and unexpected places. This collection provides systematic focus on a topic that has hitherto been given rather diffuse consideration. It complements historical work on community leadership as well as more contemporary discussion on the training and role of Islamic religious authorities. It will be of interest to scholars in Religious Studies, Sociology, Political Science, History, and Islamic Studies
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    Cell Biology of Viral Infections (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036501468 , 9783036501475
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (418 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Viruses exhibit an elegant simplicity as they are so basic, but so frightening. Although only a few are life threatening, they have substantial implications for human health and the economy, as exemplified by the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. Viruses are rather small infectious agents found in all types of life forms, from animals and plants to prokaryotes and archaebacteria. They are obligate intracellular parasites, and as such, subvert many molecular and cellular processes of the host cell to ensure their own replication, amplification, and subsequent spread. This Special Issue addresses the cell biology of viral infections based on a collection of original research articles, communications, opinions, and reviews on various aspects of virus–host cell interactions. Together, these articles not only provide a glance into the latest research on the cell biology of viral infections but also include novel technological developments
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    Enological Repercussions of Non-Saccharomyces Species 2.0 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036501505 , 9783036501512
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The use of non-Saccharomyces yeast species is currently a biotechnology trend in enology for which they are being broadly used to improve the sensory profile of wines because they affect aroma, color, and mouthfeel. They have become a powerful biotool to modulate the influence of global warming on grape varieties, helping to maintain the acidity, decrease the alcoholic degree, stabilize wine color, and increase freshness. In cool climates, some non-Saccharomyces can promote demalication or color stability by the formation of stable derived pigments. Additionally, non-Saccharomyces yeasts open new possibilities in biocontrol for removing spoilage yeast and bacteria or molds that can produce and release mycotoxins and, thereby, help in reducing applied SO2 levels
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    Selected Papers from the 19th International Conference on Micro- and Nano-Technology for Power Generation and Energy Conversion Applications (Power MEMS 2019) (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039435791 , 9783039435807
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: As users, we require more and more reliable and longer operation of electronic devices. Most often, the efforts of scientists and engineers related to energy management, energy conversion, and energy storage are overlooked. The PowerMEMS slogan in its meaning hides the science of materials enabling the construction of modern accumulators and batteries, so important for the developing consumer electronics and electromobility; energy harvesters used wherever conventional power sources cannot be used; and finally the methods and algorithms of energy processing and management that increase the efficiency of the devices they operate. This Special Issue contains six research papers selected from those presented at the 19th International Conference on Micro and Nanotechnology for Power Generation and Energy Conversion Applications (Power MEMS 2019), as and representative of all papers presented during the Conference
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    Machining Dynamics and Parameters Process Optimization (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502946 , 9783036502953
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: As we move further into the 21st century, despite the fact that new technologies have emerged, machining remains the key operation to achieve high productivity and precision for high-added value parts in several sectors, but recent advances in computer applications should close the gap between simulations and industrial practices. This book, “Machining Dynamics and Parameters Process Optimization”, is oriented toward the different strategies and paths when it comes to increasing productivity and reliability in metal removal processes. The topics include the dynamic characterization of machine tools, experimental dampening techniques, and optimization algorithms combined with signal monitoring
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    Managed Aquifer Recharge for Water Resilience (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039430420 , 9783039430437
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (408 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book is a hard copy of the editorial and all the papers in a Special Issue of the peer-reviewed open access journal ‘Water’ on the theme ‘Managed Aquifer Recharge for Water Resilience’. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is the purposeful recharge of water to aquifers for subsequent recovery or environmental benefit. MAR is increasingly used to make water supplies resilient to drought, climate change and deteriorating water quality, and to protect ecosystems from declining groundwater levels. Global MAR has grown exponentially to 10 cu.km/year and will increase ten-fold within a few decades. Well informed hydrogeologists, engineers and water quality scientists are needed to ensure that this investment is effective in meeting increasingly pressing needs. This compilation contains lessons from many examples of existing projects, including several national and continental summaries. It also addresses the elements essential for identifying and advancing projects such as mapping aquifer suitability and opportunities, policy matters, operational issues, and some innovations in MAR methods and monitoring. This collection exemplifies the state of progress in the science and practice of MAR and is intended to be useful, at least to water managers, water utilities, agricultural water users and urban planners, to facilitate water resilience through new MAR projects
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    Performance and Application of Novel Biocomposites (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036503127 , 9783036503134
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (284 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Amidst impending climate change and enhanced pollution levels around the globe, the need of the hour is to develop bio-based materials that are sustainable and possess comparable performance properties to their synthetic counterparts. In light of the aforementioned, numerous investigations are being conducted to identify, process, and create materials that are concurrently innocuous towards the environment and have superior properties. This book is a collection of such scientific articles that propagate novel ideas for the development of polymeric composite materials, which have application potential in numerous fields such as medicine, automobile, aviation, construction, etc. It also contains a pedagogical article that proposes some strategies to continue experimental research during pandemics. This book will provide readers a quick glance into recent developments regarding polymeric materials and will encourage them to propagate these research ideas further
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    Green, Closed Loop, Circular Bio-Economy (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502106 , 9783036502113
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (288 p.)
    Keywords: Economic history
    Abstract: In recent years, bioeconomy strategies have been implemented and adapted internationally. In the bioeconomy, materials are to a certain extent circular by nature. However, biomaterials may also be used in a rather linear way. Lately, a transition towards a circular economy, a more restorative and regenerative economic model, is being promoted worldwide. A circular economy offers an alternative model aiming at “doing more and better with less”. It is based on the idea that circulating matter and energy will diminish the need for new input. Its concept lies in maintaining the value of products, materials, and resources for as long as possible and at the same time minimizing or even eliminating the amount of waste produced. Focused on “closing the loops”, a circular economy is a practical solution for promoting entrepreneurial sustainability, economic growth, environmental resilience, and a better quality of life for all. The most efficient way to close resource loops is to find value in the waste. Different modes of resource circulation may be applied, e.g., raw materials, by-products, human resources, logistics, services, waste, energy, or water. To that end, this Special Issue seeks to contribute to the circular bioeconomy agenda through enhanced scientific and multidisciplinary knowledge to boost the performance efficiency of circular business models and support decision-making within the specific field. The Special Issue includes innovative technical developments, reviews, and case studies, all of which are relevant to green, closed-loop, circular bioeconomy
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    Forest, Foods and Nutrition (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036500423 , 9783036500430
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (342 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Food & society
    Abstract: The Special Issue, entitled “Forest, Food and Nutrition”, is focused on understanding of the intersection and linking existing between forests, food, and nutrition. Forest ecosystems are an important biodiversity environment resource for many species. Forests and trees play a key role in food production and have a relevant impact also on nutrition. Plants and animals in the forests enable nutrient-rich food sources to be available, and can provide important contributions to dietary diversity, quality, and quantity
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    Reading Fluency (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039432684 , 9783039432691
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Keywords: Language
    Abstract: Reading fluency has been identified as a key component of proficient reading. Research has consistently demonstrated significant and substantial correlations between reading fluency and overall reading achievement. Despite the great potential for fluency to have a significant outcome on students’ reading achievement, it continues to be not well understood by teachers, school administrators and policy makers. The chapters in this volume examine reading fluency from a variety of perspectives. The initial chapter sketches the history of fluency as a literacy instruction component. Following chapters examine recent studies and approaches to reading fluency, followed by chapters that explore actual fluency instruction models and the impact of fluency instruction. Assessment of reading fluency is critical for monitoring progress and identifying students in need of intervention. Two articles on assessment, one focused on word recognition and the other on prosody, expand our understanding of fluency measurement. Finally, a study from Turkey explores the relationship of various reading competencies, including fluency, in an integrated model of reading. Our hope for this volume is that it may spark a renewed interest in research into reading fluency and fluency instruction and move toward making fluency instruction an even more integral part of all literacy instruction
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    Inequalities in Geometry and Applications (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502984 , 9783036502991
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (208 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: This book presents the recent developments in the field of geometric inequalities and their applications. The volume covers a vast range of topics, such as complex geometry, contact geometry, statistical manifolds, Riemannian submanifolds, optimization theory, topology of manifolds, log-concave functions, Obata differential equation, Chen invariants, Einstein spaces, warped products, solitons, isoperimetric problem, Erdös–Mordell inequality, Barrow’s inequality, Simpson inequality, Chen inequalities, and q-integral inequalities. By exposing new concepts, techniques and ideas, this book will certainly stimulate further research in the field
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    Anticancer Agents : Design, Synthesis and Evaluation (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036501406 , 9783036501413
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (606 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue entitled “Anticancer Agents: Design, Synthesis and Evaluation” that was published in Molecules. Two review articles and thirty research papers are included in the Special Issue. Three second-generation androgen receptor antagonists that have been approved by the U.S. FDA for the treatment of prostate cancer have been reviewed. Identification of mimics of protein partners as protein-protein interaction inhibitors via virtual screening has been summarized and discussed. Anticancer agents targeting various protein targets, including IGF-1R, Src, protein kinase, aromatase, HDAC, PARP, Toll-Like receptor, c-Met, PI3Kdelta, topoisomerase II, p53, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, have been explored. The analogs of three well-known tubulin-interacting natural products, paclitaxel, zampanolide, and colchicine, have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated. Several anticancer agents representing diverse chemical scaffolds were assessed in different kinds of cancer cell models. The capability of some anticancer agents to overcome the resistance to currently available drugs was also studied. In addition to looking into the in vitro ability of the anticancer agents to inhibit cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle, in vivo antitumor efficacy in animal models and DFT were also investigated in some papers
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    Information Retrieval and Social Media Mining (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036502465 , 9783036502472
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This book presents diverse contributions related to some of the latest advances in the field of personalization and recommender systems, as well as social media and sentiment analysis. The work comprises several articles that address different problems in these areas by means of recent techniques such as deep learning, methods to analyze the structure and the dynamics of social networks, and modern language processing approaches for sentiment analysis, among others. The proposals included in the book are representative of some highly topical research directions and cover different application domains where they have been validated. These go from the recommendation of hotels, movies, music, documents, or pharmacy cross-selling to sentiment analysis in the field of telemedicine and opinion mining on news, also including the study of social capital on social media and dynamics aspects of the Twitter social network
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    Radar and Sonar Imaging and Processing (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039439713 , 9783039439720
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (468 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The Special Issue “Radar and Sonar Imaging Processing” is a collection of 21 articles exploring many topics related to remote sensing with radar and sonar sensors. In this editorial, we present short introductions of the published articles. The series of articles in this SI deal with a broad profile of aspects of the use of radar and sonar images in line with the latest scientific trends while making use of the latest developments in science, including artificial intelligence. It can be said that both radar and sonar imaging and processing still remain a “hot topic” and much research in this area is being conducted worldwide. New techniques and methods for extracting information from radar and sonar sensors and data have been proposed and verified. Some of these will stimulate further research while others have reached maturity and can be considered for industrial implementation and development
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    The Effect of Calorie Restriction and Intermittent Fasting on Health and Disease (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039438372 , 9783039438389
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Food & society
    Abstract: Recent biochemical studies indicate that calorie restriction (CR) is a widely accepted method for anti-aging intervention. CR and intermittent fasting (IF), which involves reduced calories but proper nutritional intake during specific periods, are interventions that can consistently promote health benefits, delay biological aging, and extend both average and maximal lifespan. Furthermore, CR can modulate age-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, cancer, and others. Advances in omics technologies have provided a technical breakthrough that enabled the investigation of DNA, RNA, proteins, and other cellular molecules and their comprehensive interactions in a biological context. Nowadays, it is possible to analyze and integrate biological processes that occur in aging systems at the molecular level using state-of-the-art techniques such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics. Omics technology and systems gerontology provide predictive information on CR effects, molecular mechanisms, and pathways underlying the anti-aging actions of CR and IF. This Special Issue, “The effects of calorie restriction and intermittent fasting on health and disease”, focuses on the effects of calorie restriction and intermittent fasting on age-related inflammation, autophagy, metabolism, longevity, mitochondrial function, and age-related diseases
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    Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2019 (SIMES-2019) (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039436217 , 9783039436224
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2019 (SIMES-2019) has been launched as a joint issue of the journals Applied Sciences and Materials. The 10 contributions published in this Special Issue of Applied Sciences present cutting-edge advances in the field of manufacturing engineering, focusing on production planning, sustainability, metrology, cultural heritage, and materials processing, with experimental and numerical results. It is worth mentioning that the topic “production planning” has attracted a great number of contributions in this journal, due to their applicative approach
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    Sustainable High Volume Road and Rail Transport in Low Income Countries (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039430888 , 9783039430895
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (238 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This Special Issue presents an in-depth analysis of transport research commissioned by the UK Department for International Development under the High Volume Transport Programme (2017-2023). The analysis done in the period 2018-2019 contributes to the UK response to improving transport in the low-income countries in Africa and South Asia. As a result, key priorities have been identified for applied research in 2020 to make road, rail and urban transport more efficient and affordable, and all transport greener, safer and more inclusive for all users. This applied research is a vital link in making transport a sustainable lifeline for people in low-income countries, because transport gives farmers and manufacturers access to domestic and international markets and people in rural and urban areas access to schools and health services
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    Micro- and Nano-Fabrication by Metal Assisted Chemical Etching (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039438457 , 9783039438464
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (106 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Metal-assisted chemical etching (MacEtch) has recently emerged as a new etching technique capable of fabricating high aspect ratio nano- and microstructures in a few semiconductors substrates—Si, Ge, poly-Si, GaAs, and SiC—and using different catalysts—Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Cu, Ni, and Rh. Several shapes have been demonstrated with a high anisotropy and feature size in the nanoscale—nanoporous films, nanowires, 3D objects, and trenches, which are useful components of photonic devices, microfluidic devices, bio-medical devices, batteries, Vias, MEMS, X-ray optics, etc. With no limitations of large-areas and low-cost processing, MacEtch can open up new opportunities for several applications where high precision nano- and microfabrication is required. This can make semiconductor manufacturing more accessible to researchers in various fields, and accelerate innovation in electronics, bio-medical engineering, energy, and photonics. Accordingly, this Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers, short communications, and review articles that focus on novel methodological developments in MacEtch, and its use for various applications
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    Virtual Reality in the Assessment, Understanding and Treatment of Mental Health Disorders (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039437757 , 9783039437764
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (316 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries
    Abstract: In the computer sciences, virtual reality (VR) is usually described as a set of fancy technologies. However, in medicine and neuroscience, VR is instead defined as an advanced form of human–computer interface that allows the user to interact with and become present in a computer-generated environment. The sense of presence offered by VR makes it a powerful tool for personal change because it offers a world where the individual can stay and live a specific experience. For this reason, the use of VR in mental health shows promise: different types of research support its clinical efficacy for conditions including anxiety disorders, stress-related disorders, obesity and eating disorders, pain management, addiction, and schizophrenia. However, more research is needed to transform VR according to a clinical standard for mental health. This Special Issue aims to present the most recent advances in the mental health applications of VR, as well as their implications for future patient care
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    Energy Use Efficiency (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036503547 , 9783036503554
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (284 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Energy is one of the most important factors of production. Its efficient use is crucial for ensuring production and environmental quality. Unlike normal goods with supply management, energy is demand managed. Efficient energy use—or energy efficiency—aims to reduce the amount of energy required to provide products and services. Energy use efficiency can be achieved in situations such as housing, offices, industrial production, transport and agriculture as well as in public lighting and services. The use of energy can be reduced by using technology that is energy saving. This Special Issue is a collection of research on energy use efficiency
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    Applications of Information Theory to Epidemiology (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036503165 , 9783036503172
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (238 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: • Applications of Information Theory to Epidemiology collects recent research findings on the analysis of diagnostic information and epidemic dynamics. • The collection includes an outstanding new review article by William Benish, providing both a historical overview and new insights. • In research articles, disease diagnosis and disease dynamics are viewed from both clinical medicine and plant pathology perspectives. Both theory and applications are discussed. • New theory is presented, particularly in the area of diagnostic decision-making taking account of predictive values, via developments of the predictive receiver operating characteristic curve. • New applications of information theory to the analysis of observational studies of disease dynamics in both human and plant populations are presented
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    Integration of Renewables in Power Systems by Multi-Energy System Interaction (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036503424 , 9783036503431
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (358 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This book focuses on the interaction between different energy vectors, that is, between electrical, thermal, gas, and transportation systems, with the purpose of optimizing the planning and operation of future energy systems. More and more renewable energy is integrated into the electrical system, and to optimize its usage and ensure that its full production can be hosted and utilized, the power system has to be controlled in a more flexible manner. In order not to overload the electrical distribution grids, the new large loads have to be controlled using demand response, perchance through a hierarchical control set-up where some controls are dependent on price signals from the spot and balancing markets. In addition, by performing local real-time control and coordination based on local voltage or system frequency measurements, the grid hosting limits are not violated
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    Medium/Low Voltage Smart Grids (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036504704 , 9783036504711
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: The book is a collection of manuscripts proposing original and innovative solutions for accurate distributed monitoring systems, related innovative measurement instruments, distribution grid state forecast algorithms, power flow analysis, frequency and voltage control for stability and quality of service of active networks with distributed generation, and communication systems to acquire distributed measurement data, send commands and receive alarms. The introduction of these innovative solutions can pave the way for the effective transformation of MV and LV distribution networks into smart grids. The book aims to provide readers, Ph.D. students as well as research personnel and professional engineers with information not only on theoretical studies of the recent developments but also the practical application of the proposed solutions for smart grid applications both in LV and MV networks
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    Modelling of Wireless Power Transfer (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036505084 , 9783036505091
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Wireless power transfer allows the transfer of energy from a transmitter to a receiver across an air gap, without any electrical connections. Technically, any device that needs power can become an application for wireless power transmission. The current list of applications is therefore very diverse, from low-power portable electronics and household devices to high-power industrial automation and electric vehicles. With the rise of IoT sensor networks and Industry 4.0, the presence of wireless energy transfer will only increase. In order to improve the current state of the art, models are being developed and tested experimentally. Such models allow simulating, quantifying, predicting, or visualizing certain aspects of the power transfer from transmitter(s) to receiver(s). Moreover, they often result in a better understanding of the fundamentals of the wireless link. This book presents a wonderful collection of peer-reviewed papers that focus on the modelling of wireless power transmission. It covers both inductive and capacitive wireless coupling and includes work on multiple transmitters and/or receivers
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    Stability Problems for Stochastic Models: Theory and Applications (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036504520 , 9783036504537
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (370 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: The aim of this Special Issue of Mathematics is to commemorate the outstanding Russian mathematician Vladimir Zolotarev, whose 90th birthday will be celebrated on February 27th, 2021. The present Special Issue contains a collection of new papers by participants in sessions of the International Seminar on Stability Problems for Stochastic Models founded by Zolotarev. Along with research in probability distributions theory, limit theorems of probability theory, stochastic processes, mathematical statistics, and queuing theory, this collection contains papers dealing with applications of stochastic models in modeling of pension schemes, modeling of extreme precipitation, construction of statistical indicators of scientific publication importance, and other fields
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    The Alcohol Hangover : Causes, Consequences, and Treatment (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036503561 , 9783036503578
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (368 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Food & society
    Abstract: The seeds and fruits (or their parts) of Iberoamerican crops have high nutritional and functional properties which could be utilized in a wide range of foods. The crops included in this book are amaranth (Amaranthus spp.), quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), kañiwa (Chenopodium pallidicaule), chia (Salvia hispanica L.), Andean maize (Zea mays L.), moringa (Moringa oleifera), yvapuru (Plinia peruviana), kurugua (Sicana odorifera), sacha inchi (Plukenetia huayllabambana), camu camu (Myrciaria dubia), mango (Mangifera indica), tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis), peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and taro (Colocasia esculenta), all of them still underutilized. Their cultivation is low; nevertheless, in recent years, the worldwide demand for some of them has increased immensely, resulting in an increase in their production. The ancient Iberoamerican crops have been widely recognized for their nutritional value by food scientists and food producers because they contain high-quality proteins and large quantities of micronutrients such as minerals, vitamins and bioactive compounds. In addition, they are gluten-free, which makes them suitable for people suffering from various gluten intolerances. This book summarizes the large amount of investigations in this field in the last year and provides knowledge within all the relevant areas of food science. The editors hope that this book will contribute to an increased use of these products in human nutrition by consumers worldwide
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    For God and Country : Essays on Religion and Nationalism (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039439058 , 9783039439065
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Keywords: Religion & beliefs
    Abstract: Religion and nationalism are both powerful and important markers of individual identity, but the relationship between the two has been a source of considerable debate. Much, if not most, of the early work done in Nationalism Studies has been based, at least implicitly, on the idea that religion, as a genealogical carrier of identity, was displaced with the advent of secular modernity, which was caused by nationalism. Or, to put it another way, national identity, and its ideological manifestation nationalism, filled the void left in people’s self-identification as religion retreated in the face of modernity. Since at least the late 1990s, this view has been increasingly challenged by scholars trying to account for the apparent persistence of religious identities. Perhaps even more interestingly, scholars of both religion and nationalism have noted that these two kinds of self-identification, while sometimes being tense, as the earlier models explained, are also frequently coexistent or even mutually supportive. This collection of essays explores the current thinking about the relationship between religion and nationalism from a variety of perspectives, using a number of different case studies. What all these approaches have in common is their interest in complicating our understandings of nationalism as a primarily secular phenomenon by bringing religion back into the discussion
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    Stochastic Models for Geodesy and Geoinformation Science (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039439812 , 9783039439829
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: In geodesy and geoinformation science, as well as in many other technical disciplines, it is often not possible to directly determine the desired target quantities. Therefore, the unknown parameters must be linked with the measured values by a mathematical model which consists of the functional and the stochastic models. The functional model describes the geometrical–physical relationship between the measurements and the unknown parameters. This relationship is sufficiently well known for most applications. With regard to the stochastic model, two problem domains of fundamental importance arise: 1. How can stochastic models be set up as realistically as possible for the various geodetic observation methods and sensor systems? 2. How can the stochastic information be adequately considered in appropriate least squares adjustment models? Further questions include the interpretation of the stochastic properties of the computed target values with regard to precision and reliability and the use of the results for the detection of outliers in the input data (measurements). In this Special Issue, current research results on these general questions are presented in ten peer-reviewed articles. The basic findings can be applied to all technical scientific fields where measurements are used for the determination of parameters to describe geometric or physical phenomena
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    Severe Plastic Deformation and Thermomechanical Processing: Nanostructuring and Properties (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039436873 , 9783039436880
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is a very attractive research field for metallic materials because it provides new possibilities for manufacturing nanostructured materials in large quantities and allows microstructural design on different hierarchical levels. The papers included in this issue address the following topics: novel SPD processes as well as recent advancements in established processing methods, microstructure evolution and grain refinement in single- and multi-phase alloys as well as composites, strategies to enhance the microstructure stability at elevated temperatures, mechanically driven phase transformations, surface nanostructuring, gradient and multilayered materials, and mechanical and physical properties of SPD-processed materials
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    Molecular Marker Technology for Crop Improvement (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039438631 , 9783039438648
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (302 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Since the 1980s, agriculture and plant breeding have changed with the development of molecular marker technology. In recent decades, different types of molecular markers have been used for different purposes: mapping, marker-assisted selection, characterization of genetic resources, etc. These have produced effective genotyping, but the results have been costly and time-consuming due to the small number of markers that could be tested simultaneously. Recent advances in molecular marker technologies such as the development of high-throughput genotyping platforms, genotyping by sequencing, and the release of the genome sequences of major crop plants have opened new possibilities for advancing crop improvement. This Special Issue collects 16 research studies, including the application of molecular markers in 11 crop species, from the generation of linkage maps and diversity studies to the application of marker-assisted selection and genomic prediction
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    Vividness, Consciousness, and Mental Imagery : Making the Missing Links across Disciplines and Methods (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036504124 , 9783036504131
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Keywords: Psychology
    Abstract: Today in many studies, mental images are still either treated as conscious by definition, or as empirical operations implicit to completing some type of task, such as the measurement of reaction time in mental rotation, an underlying mental image is assumed, but there is no direct determination of whether it is conscious or not. The vividness of mental images is a potentially helpful construct which may be suitable, as it may correspond to consciousness or aspects of the consciousness of images. In this context, a complicating factor seems to be the surprising variety in what is meant by the term vividness or how it is used or theorized. To fill some of the gaps, the goal of the present Special Issue is to create a publication outlet where authors can fully explore through sound research the missing theoretical and empirical links between vividness, consciousness and mental imagery across disciplines, neuroscience, psychology, philosophy, cognitive science, to mention the most obvious ones, as well as transdisciplinary methodological (single, combined, or multiple) approaches
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    Sex, Gender and Substance Use (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036502007 , 9783036502014
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (272 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction
    Abstract: “Sex, Gender and Substance Use” describes how both biological and social factors affect people's use of substances. There is a lot of research carried out on substance use, prevention and treatment in which sex and gender are missing. This book describes the concepts of sex and gender, what they mean and why including them in substance use research, practice and policy is vital. Substances such as alcohol, drugs, nicotine, and tobacco all have differential effects on females and males. Social and cultural gendered factors affect how women and men react to prevention, treatment and policies. The book includes numerous examples of how sex- and gender-sensitive research can increase our understanding and improve prevention and treatment, and why striving for gender-transformative substance use practice and research remains a gold standard
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    Metabolism and Metabolomics of Liver in Health and Disease (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039436354 , 9783039436361
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (268 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Women and men have probably never been concerned as much by their health as during this COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, lifestyle habits continue to be promoted as allies for daily prevention against diseases. This is valid also for metabolic diseases, among which many affect the liver and are risk factors for aggravating the disease course of COVID-19. In fact, liver diseases are currently a major global health problem. There is a huge range of liver diseases and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic hepatic condition, which in some patients progresses to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Currently, substantial efforts are being made to better understand NAFLD, especially, because there is no U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved pharmacological therapy. To explore this disease, metabolomics is the most recently developed omics technology after genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. Metabolomics is the large-scale analysis of molecules, known as metabolites that are intermediate or end products of metabolism found within cells, tissues, and biofluids. This technology has a very high potential to identify biomarker candidates for the future development of new therapeutics. The book features articles that address metabolomics technology and its use to document different liver functions and dysfunctions, with a major focus on NAFLD
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    Impact of Climate-Change on Water Resources (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036501109 , 9783036501116
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (141 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: - Water resources management should be assessed under climate change conditions, as historic data cannot replicate future climatic conditions. - Climate change impacts on water resources are bound to affect all water uses, i.e., irrigated agriculture, domestic and industrial water supply, hydropower generation, and environmental flow (of streams and rivers) and water level (of lakes). - Bottom-up approaches, i.e., the forcing of hydrologic simulation models with climate change models’ outputs, are the most common engineering practices and considered as climate-resilient water management approaches. - Hydrologic simulations forced by climate change scenarios derived from regional climate models (RCMs) can provide accurate assessments of the future water regime at basin scales. - Irrigated agriculture requires special attention as it is the principal water consumer and alterations of both precipitation and temperature patterns will directly affect agriculture yields and incomes. - Integrated water resources management (IWRM) requires multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches, with climate change to be an emerging cornerstone in the IWRM concept
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    Sensing and Signal Processing in Smart Healthcare (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036500263 , 9783036500270
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (198 p.)
    Keywords: Language ; English language teaching (ELT)
    Abstract: In the last decade, we have witnessed the rapid development of electronic technologies that are transforming our daily lives. Such technologies are often integrated with various sensors that facilitate the collection of human motion and physiological data and are equipped with wireless communication modules such as Bluetooth, radio frequency identification, and near-field communication. In smart healthcare applications, designing ergonomic and intuitive human–computer interfaces is crucial because a system that is not easy to use will create a huge obstacle to adoption and may significantly reduce the efficacy of the solution. Signal and data processing is another important consideration in smart healthcare applications because it must ensure high accuracy with a high level of confidence in order for the applications to be useful for clinicians in making diagnosis and treatment decisions. This Special Issue is a collection of 10 articles selected from a total of 26 contributions. These contributions span the areas of signal processing and smart healthcare systems mostly contributed by authors from Europe, including Italy, Spain, France, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, and Netherlands. Authors from China, Korea, Taiwan, Indonesia, and Ecuador are also included
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    Nonlinear Photonics Devices (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039437214 , 9783039437221
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The first nonlinear optical effect was observed in the 19th century by John Kerr. Nonlinear optics, however, started to grow up only after the invention of the laser, when intense light sources became easily available. The seminal studies by Peter Franken and Nicolaas Bloembergen, in the 1960s, paved the way for the development of today’s nonlinear photonics, the field of research that encompasses all the studies, designs, and implementations of nonlinear optical devices that can be used for the generation, communication, and processing of information. This field has attracted significant attention, partly due to the great potential of exploiting the optical nonlinearities of new or advanced materials to induce new phenomena and achieve new functions. According to Clarivate Web of Science, almost 200,000 papers were published that refer to the topic “nonlinear optic*”. Over 36,000 papers were published in the last four years (2015–2018) with the same keyword, and over 17,000 used the keyword “nonlinear photonic*”. The present Special Issue of Micromachines aims at reviewing the current state of the art and presenting perspectives of further development. Fundamental and applicative aspects are considered, with special attention paid to hot topics that may lead to technological and scientific breakthroughs
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    Building Energy Audits-Diagnosis and Retrofitting (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039438297 , 9783039438303
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (298 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The book “Building Energy Audits-Diagnosis and Retrofitting” is a collection of twelve papers that focus on the built environment in order to systematically collect and analyze relevant data for the energy use profile of buildings and extended for the sustainability assessment of the built environment. The contributions address historic buildings, baselines for non-residential buildings from energy performance audits, and from in-situ measurements, monitoring, and analysis of data, and verification of energy saving and model calibration for various building types. The works report on how to diagnose existing problems and identify priorities, assess, and quantify the opportunities and measures that improve the overall building performance and the environmental quality and well-being of occupants in non-residential buildings and houses. Several case studies and lessons learned from the field are presented to help the readers identify, quantify, and prioritize effective energy conservation and efficiency measures. Finally, a new urban sustainability audit and rating method of the built environment addresses the complexities of the various issues involved, providing practical tools that can be adapted to match local priorities in order to diagnose and evaluate the current state and future scenarios towards meeting specific sustainable development goals and local priorities
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    Thermal and Electro-thermal System Simulation 2020 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039438310 , 9783039438327
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (310 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This book, edited by Prof. Marta Rencz and Prof Andras Poppe, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, and by Prof. Lorenzo Codecasa, Politecnico di Milano, collects fourteen papers carefully selected for the “thermal and electro-thermal system simulation” Special Issue of Energies. These contributions present the latest results in a currently very “hot” topic in electronics: the thermal and electro-thermal simulation of electronic components and systems. Several papers here proposed have turned out to be extended versions of papers presented at THERMINIC 2019, which was one of the 2019 stages of choice for presenting outstanding contributions on thermal and electro-thermal simulation of electronic systems. The papers proposed to the thermal community in this book deal with modeling and simulation of state-of-the-art applications which are highly critical from the thermal point of view, and around which there is great research activity in both industry and academia. In particular, contributions are proposed on the multi-physics simulation of families of electronic packages, multi-physics advanced modeling in power electronics, multiphysics modeling and simulation of LEDs, batteries and other micro and nano-structures
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  • 73
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    Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036504766 , 9783036504773
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) certainly do not represent a newcomer to the scientific community, yet they continue to attract a strong and general interest among a vast and multifaceted range of researchers. This persistent modernity is definitely due to some peculiar characteristics of these materials, which allow researchers and engineers to play with different aspects of two worlds: organic and inorganic, crystalline and molecular, solid and liquid, cationic and anionic. A virtually infinite number of possible chemical combinations takes advantage of their layered structure to express an unrivaled collection of remarkable properties. The capture and/or release of organic and inorganic species, versatile low-cost catalytic activity, and blending with other compounds to build up a variety of hybrid composites, are just some of the many effects investigated to date. As a result, the applications encompass almost all aspects of our life, ranging from renewable energy production to water purification, including biomedical applications, gas sensing, drug delivery, and food packaging and safety. This Special Issue highlights some of the recent research lines, and shows that remarkable progress has been and is still being made in all these aspects, to allow the consideration of LDHs as one of the most interesting and versatile inorganic materials
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    Big Data in Dental Research and Oral Healthcare (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036504568 , 9783036504575
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Progress in information technology has fostered a global explosion of data generation. Accumulated big data are now estimated to be 4.4 zettabytes in the digital universe; and trends predict an exponential increase in the future. Health data are gathered from professional routine care and other expanded sources including the social determinants of health, such as Internet of Things. Biomedical research has recently moved through three stages in digital healthcare: (1) data collection; (2) data sharing; and (3) data analytics. With the explosion of stored health data, dental medicine is edging into its fourth stage of digitization using new technologies including augmented and virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and blockchain. Big data collaborations involve interactions between a diverse range of stakeholders with analytical, technical and political focus. In oral healthcare, data technology has many areas of application: prognostic analysis and predictive modeling, the identification of unknown correlations of diseases, clinical decision support for novel treatment concepts, public health surveys and population-based clinical research, as well as the evaluation of healthcare systems. The objective of this Special Issue is to provide an update on the current knowledge with state-of-the-art theory and practical information on human and social perspectives that determine the uptake of technological innovations in big data science in the field of dental medicine. Moreover, it will focus on the identification of future research needs to manage the continuous increase in health data and to accomplish its clinical translation for patient-centered research and personalized dentistry. This Special Issue welcomes all types of studies and reviews considering the perspectives of different stakeholders on technological innovations for big data science in all dental disciplines. Kind regards
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    Emerging Role of Lipids in Metabolism and Disease (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039437016 , 9783039437023
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (308 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Even though initially considered as a passive means for storing energy, lipids are now regarded as multifaceted molecules with crucial structural and functional activities. For instance, some of them play essential roles as key components of cell membranes whereas others act as signaling molecules in the regulation of cell homeostasis. In recent years, lipid research has attracted increasing interest because of the involvement of this class of compounds in human health. Indeed, a plethora of pathological conditions are characterized by alterations in lipid metabolism, such as cardiovascular diseases and brain disorders. This Special Issue is a collection of papers from different experts in lipid research, with the aim of providing new insights into the physiopathological involvement of lipids and their impact on human health. This collection also demonstrates the usefulness of interdisciplinary approaches in the development of novel methods to study and manipulate lipid metabolism, which may represent an attractive target for designing effective therapeutic strategies to counteract numerous pathologies
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    Mathematical Analysis and Analytic Number Theory 2019 (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036500324 , 9783036500331
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (318 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: This volume is a collection of investigations involving the theory and applications of the various tools and techniques of mathematical analysis and analytic number theory, which are remarkably widespread in many diverse areas of the mathematical, biological, physical, chemical, engineering, and statistical sciences. It contains invited and welcome original as well as review-cum-expository research articles dealing with recent and new developments on the topics of mathematical analysis and analytic number theory as well as their multidisciplinary applications
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    Trends in Clinical Deep Brain Stimulation (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036503363 , 9783036503370
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (246 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: This book covers the current trends in clinical deep brain stimulation (DBS) research. This collection of papers from experts in the field provides state of the art knowledge and future perspectives in clinical DBS research. A range of topics involved in DBS is presented, ranging from high resolution imaging, electrophysiology and personalized medicine, in a broad range of brain disorders
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    Toxins and Cancer Therapy (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036501901 , 9783036501918
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Cancer has been a patient-specific and difficult-to-treat disease for decades, resulting in more deaths since 1900 than all other diseases except cardiovascular diseases. As societies around the world continue to shift towards an aging population, the social and economic burden created by cancer will only rise in the coming decades, necessitating continued improvement in our cancer therapies. Remarkably, in the late 1800s, bone surgeon William Coley serendipitously discovered that bacteria could be administered to patients as an effective (and sometimes toxic) form of cancer therapy known as "Coley's Toxins". His discoveries unknowingly led to two fields of cancer therapy that have been in development for decades and are now leading to significant improvements in therapy for cancer patients: immune-based and toxin-based therapies for cancer. Articles included here discuss the discoveries that emerged from Coley's Toxins that enable us to harness the immune system and microbial toxins to combat cancers, as oncology shifts from a field dominated by chemotherapy for most of the 20th century to biologic therapies that will dominate the 21st century
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    History, Developments and Trends in the Heat Treatment of Steel (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036500607 , 9783036500614
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Steels and their heat treatment are still very important in modern industry because most industrial components are made from these materials. The proper choice of steel grades along with their suitable processing makes it possible to reduce the weight of the components, which is closely related to energy and fuel savings. This has decisive importance in branches such as the automotive, transport, consumer industries. A great number of novel heat- and surface-treatment techniques have been developed over the past three decades. These techniques involve, for example, vacuum treatment, sub-zero treatment, laser/electron beam surface hardening and alloying, low-pressure carburizing and nitriding, and physical vapour deposition. This Special Issue contains a collection of original research articles on not only advanced heat-treatment techniques—carburizing and sub-zero treatments—but also on the microstructure–property relationships in different ferrous alloys
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  • 80
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    Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor (FET) (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039362080 , 9783039362097
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: In the last few years, the leading semiconductor industries have introduced multi-gate non-planar transistors into their core business. These are being applied in memories and in logical integrated circuits to achieve better integration on the chip, increased performance, and reduced energy consumption. Intense research is underway to develop these devices further and to address their limitations, in order to continue transistor scaling while further improving performance. This Special Issue looks at recent developments in the field of nanowire field-effect transistors (NW-FETs), covering different aspects of the technology, physics, and modelling of these nanoscale devices
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    Modern Strategies for Heterocycle Synthesis (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036503400 , 9783036503417
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (372 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Heterocycles feature widely in natural products, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals and dyes, and their synthesis is of great interest to synthetic chemists in both academia and industry. The contributions of recent applications of new methodologies in C–H activation, photoredox chemistry, cross-coupling strategies, borrowing hydrogen catalysis, multicomponent and solvent-free reactions, regio- and stereoselective syntheses, as well as other new, attractive approaches for the construction of heterocyclic scaffolds are of great interest. This Special Issue is dedicated to featuring the latest research that is ongoing in the field of heterocyclic synthesis. It is expected that most submissions will focus on five- and six-membered oxygen and nitrogen-containing heterocycles, but structures incorporating other rings/heteroatoms will also be considered. Original research (communications, full papers and reviews) that discusses innovative methodologies for assembling heterocycles with potential application in materials, catalysis and medicine are therefore welcome
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    Current Advances in Anaerobic Digestion Technology (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036502229 , 9783036502236
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (230 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the oldest biotechnological processes and originally referred to biomass degradation under anoxic conditions in both natural and engineered systems. It has been used for decades to treat various waste streams and to produce methane-rich biogas as an important energy carrier, and it has become a major player in electrical power production. AD is a popular, mature technology, and our knowledge about the influencing process parameters as well as about the diverse microbial communities involved in the process has increased dramatically over the last few decades. To avoid competition with food and feed production, the AD feedstock spectrum has constantly been extended to waste products either rich in recalcitrant lignocellulose or containing inhibitory substances such as ammonia, which requires application of various pre-treatments or specific management of the microbial resources. Extending the definition of AD, it can also convert gases rich in hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methane that can substitute natural gas, which opens new opportunities by a direct link to traditional petrochemistry. Furthermore, AD can be coupled with emerging biotechnological applications, such as microbial electrochemical technologies or the production of medium-chain fatty acids by anaerobic fermentation. Ultimately, because of the wide range of applications, AD is still a very vital field in science. This Special Issue highlights some key topics of this research field
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    Atmospheric Measurements with Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039439850 , 9783039439867
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (248 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book is the first literature collection focused on the development and implementation of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and their integration with sensors for atmospheric measurements on Earth. The research covered in the book combines chemical, physical, and meteorological measurements performed in field campaigns, as well as conceptual and laboratory work. Useful examples for the development of platforms and autonomous systems for environmental studies are provided, which demonstrate how careful the operation of sensors aboard UAS must be to gather information for remote sensing in the atmosphere. The work serves as a key collection of articles to introduce the topic to new researchers interested in the field, guide future studies, and motivate measurements to improve our understanding of the Earth’s complex atmosphere
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    New Advances in High-Entropy Alloys (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039436194 , 9783039436200
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (652 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: In recent years, people have tended to adjust the degree of order/disorder to explore new materials. The degree of order/disorder can be measured by entropy, and it can be divided into two parts: topological disordering and chemical disordering. The former mainly refers to order in the spatial configuration, e.g., amorphous alloys which show short-range ordering but without long-range ordering, while the latter mainly refers to the order in the chemical occupancy, that is to say, the components can replace each other, and typical representatives are high-entropy alloy (HEAs). HEAs, in sharp contrast to traditional alloys based on one or two principal elements, have one striking characteristic: their unusually high entropy of mixing. They have not received much noticed until the review paper entitled “Microstructure and Properties of High-Entropy Alloys” was published in 2014 in the journal of Progress in Materials Science. Numerous reports have shown they exhibit five recognized performance characteristics, namely, strength–plasticity trade-off breaking, irradiation tolerance, corrosion resistance, high-impact toughness within a wider temperature range, and high thermal stability. So far, the development of HEAs has gone through three main stages: 1. Quinary equal-atomic single-phase solid solution alloys; 2. Quaternary or quinary non-equal-atomic multiphase alloys; 3. Medium-entropy alloys, high-entropy fibers, high-entropy films, lightweight HEAs, etc. Nowadays, more in-depth research on high-entropy alloys is urgently needed
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    Mesh-Free and Finite Element-Based Methods for Structural Mechanics Applications (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036501369 , 9783036501376
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: The problem of solving complex engineering problems has always been a major topic in all industrial fields, such as aerospace, civil and mechanical engineering. The use of numerical methods has increased exponentially in the last few years, due to modern computers in the field of structural mechanics. Moreover, a wide range of numerical methods have been presented in the literature for solving such problems. Structural mechanics problems are dealt with using partial differential systems of equations that might be solved by following the two main classes of methods: Domain-decomposition methods or the so-called finite element methods and mesh-free methods where no decomposition is carried out. Both methodologies discretize a partial differential system into a set of algebraic equations that can be easily solved by computer implementation. The aim of the present Special Issue is to present a collection of recent works on these themes and a comparison of the novel advancements of both worlds in structural mechanics applications
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    Ongoing Research on Microgreens : Nutritional Properties, Shelf-life, Sustainable Production, Innovative Growing and Processing Approaches (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039432066 , 9783039432073
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (126 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Microgreens garner immense potential for improving the nutrition of the human diet, considering their high content of healthy compounds. On the other hand, they are becoming known not only for their nutritional value but also for their interesting organoleptic traits and commercial potential. In this Special Issue we aim to publish high-quality research papers covering the state-of-the-art, recent progress and perspectives related to production, post-harvest, characterization, and the potential of microgreens. A broad range of aspects such as cultivation, post-harvest techniques and packaging, analytical methods, nutritional value, bioaccessibility and prospects are covered. All contributions are of great significance and could stimulate further research in this area
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    Metabolic Syndrome : From Etiology to Prevention and Clinical Management (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039439898 , 9783039439904
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (348 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction
    Abstract: Metabolic syndrome has been the topic of countless publications. It still remains a subject of debate and some experts have even questioned its clinical relevance. Its diagnosis is nevertheless predictive of an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease even in the absence of traditional risk factors. Many years ago, our team made the point that the most prevalent form of metabolic syndrome was linked to abdominal obesity, which can be found even among individuals who are not considered obese by body weight standards. Imaging techniques such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have revealed the link between regional body fat partitioning and cardiometabolic risk. Visceral obesity is the most dangerous form of obesity, with subcutaneous obesity being associated with lower health risk. We have proposed that excess visceral fat may be a marker of subcutaneous adipose tissue dysfunction not being able to serve as a metabolic sink, causing lipid accumulation at undesired sites, a condition described as ectopic fat deposition. Among the effective approaches to prevent, delay, or manage metabolic syndrome, lifestyle changes are the key elements, with an emphasis on the importance of healthy global dietary patterns, regular physical activity, and adequate sleep quality
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    Land Use Planning for Natural Hazards (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039439256 , 9783039439263
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (106 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Natural hazard events are able to significantly affect the natural and artificial environment. In this context, changes in landforms due to natural disasters have the potential to affect and, in some cases, even restrict human interaction with the ecosystem. In order to minimize fatalities and reduce the economic impact that accompanies their occurrence, proper planning is crucial. Land use planning can play an important role in reducing current and future risks related to natural hazards. Land use changes can lead to natural hazards and vice versa: natural hazards affect land uses. Therefore, planners may take into account areas that are susceptible to natural hazards when selecting favorable locations for land use development. Appropriate land use planning can lead to the determination of safe and non-safe areas for urban activities. This Special Issue focuses on land use planning for natural hazards. In this context, various types of natural hazards, such as land degradation and desertification, coastal hazard, floods, and landslides, as well as their interactions with human activities, are presented
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    Poultry Nutrition (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039438532 , 9783039438549
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (754 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Abstract: The aim of this Special Issue is to publish high quality papers concerning poultry nutrition and the interrelations between nutrition, metabolism, microbiota and the health of poultry. Therefore, I invite submissions of recent findings, as original research or reviews, on poultry nutrition, including, but not limited to, the following areas: the effect of feeding on poultry meat end egg quality; nutrient requirements of poultry; the use of functional feed additives to improve gut health and immune status; microbiota; nutraceuticals; soybean meal replacers as alternative sources of protein for poultry; the effects of feeding poultry on environmental impacts; the use of feed/food by-products in poultry diet; and feed technology
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  • 90
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    Does Commons Grabbing Lead to Resilience Grabbing? : The Anti-Politics Machine of Neo-Liberal Development and Local Responses (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783039438396 , 9783039438402
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (236 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction ; Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography
    Abstract: This Special Issue contributes to the debate on land grabbing as commons grabbing with a special focus on how the development of state institutions (formal laws and regulations for agrarian development and compensations) and voluntary corporate social responsibility (CRS) initiatives have enabled the grabbing process. It also looks at how these institutions and CSR programs are used as development strategies of states and companies to legitimate their investments. This Special Issue includes case studies from Kenya, Morocco, Tanzania, Cambodia, Bolivia and Ecuador analysing how these strategies are embedded into neo-liberal ideologies of economic development. We propose looking at James Ferguson’s notion of the Anti-Politics Machine (1990) that served to uncover the hidden political basis of state-driven development strategies. We think it is of interest to test the approach for analysing development discourses and CSR-policies in agrarian investments. We argue based on a New Institutional Political Ecology (NIPE) approach that these legitimize the institutional change from common to state and private property of land and land related common pool resources which is the basis of commons grabbing that also grabbed the capacity for resilience of local people
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    Nanocomposites of Polymers and Inorganic Nanoparticles (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036503523 , 9783036503530
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This Special Issue deals with the fascinating material class of nanocomposites consisting of extremely small particles (nanoparticles) which are embedded in polymers. Such materials are of paramount interest in various disciplines, especially chemistry, physics, biomedicine and materials science. Due to the diversity of the components of nanocomposites, they provide a broad spectrum of material properties and applications. The versatility of nanocomposites is indeed reflected by the research covered in this Special Issue. The field of nanocomposites includes innovative science and a source of inspiration for currently relevant economic topics as well as for envisaged technologies of the future. Indeed, this volume alludes to strategies for the preparation of nanocomposites and possibilities for a variety of applications, such as catalytic reactions, gas barriers, high refractive index materials, corrosion protection, electromagnetic inference (EMI) shielding, lithium ion batteries, tissue engineering and plastic surgery
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    Computational Quantum Physics and Chemistry of Nanomaterials (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036501345 , 9783036501352
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (198 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This Special Issue of Nanomaterials collects a series of original research articles providing new insight into the application of computational quantum physics and chemistry in research on nanomaterials. It illustrates the extension and diversity of the field and indicates some future directions. It provides the reader with an overall view of the latest prospects in this fast evolving and cross-disciplinary field
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  • 93
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    Emotion and Its Relationship to Acceptance, Food Choice, and Consumption: The New Perspective (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036503707 , 9783036503714
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Food is a source of nutrients but it also provides basic pleasure and aesthetic experiences. Acceptance, food choice, and consumption are affected by many factors, including both intrinsic and extrinsic factors and cues, as well as consumer characteristics. Food-elicited emotions are becoming a critical component in designing products that meet consumers’ needs and expectations. Several studies have reported on the presence of emotional responses to food and the relationships of these to product acceptability, preference, and choice. This Special Issue brings together a small range of studies with a diversity of approaches that provide good examples of the complex and multidisciplinary nature of this subject matter
    Note: English
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  • 94
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    Using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for Mental Health Prevention and Treatment (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036504582 , 9783036504599
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Keywords: Psychology
    Abstract: The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to deliver psychological services has been emerging as an effective way of increasing individual access to mental health promotion, prevention, and treatment. This Special Issue brings together different contributions focusing on the acceptability and feasibility, (cost-)effectiveness, potentialities, and limitations of ICT-based psychological services for mental health promotion, prevention, and treatment. In each paper, the implications for the implementation of ICT tools in different settings (e.g., primary care services) and for future research are discussed
    Note: English
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  • 95
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    Mathematical Models for the Design of Electrical Machines (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036503981 , 9783036503998
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (252 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This book is a comprehensive set of articles reflecting the latest advances and developments in mathematical modeling and the design of electrical machines for different applications. The main models discussed are based on the: i) Maxwell–Fourier method (i.e., the formal resolution of Maxwell’s equations by using the separation of variables method and the Fourier’s series in 2-D or 3-D with a quasi-Cartesian or polar coordinate system); ii) electrical, thermal and magnetic equivalent circuit; iii) hybrid model. In these different papers, the numerical method and the experimental tests have been used as comparisons or validations
    Note: English
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  • 96
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    Assessing the Environmental Adaptation of Wildlife and Production Animals : Applications of Physiological Indices and Welfare Assessment Tools (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036501420 , 9783036501437
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Zoology & animal sciences
    Abstract: Wild animals under human care as well as domesticated farm production animals are often exposed to environmental changes (e.g., capture and transportation). Short-term or acute changes in physiological indices (e.g., heart rate, respiration, body temperatures, immune cells, and stress hormonal biomarkers) provide crucial information regarding the responses of animals to novel environments, and they could provide crucial determining factors for the long-term health and welfare of animals. This Special Issue includes experimental research papers that demonstrate the applications of physiological indices and welfare assessment methods (e.g., morphological and morphometric data, behavioural assessments, thermal profiles, and physiological markers) in any wildlife or production animal (e.g., rescued and rehabilitating animals, pets, competition animals, farm animals, and zoo animals), in response to environmental and management related factors. The goal is to provide examples of new research and techniques that can be used to monitor short- and long-term environmental adaptation of animals under human care
    Note: English
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  • 97
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    Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) of Chemical Processes (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039439331 , 9783039439348
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (114 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: In this Special Issue, one review paper highlights the necessity of multiscale CFD, coupling micro- and macro-scales, for exchanging information at the interface of the two scales. Four research papers investigate the hydrodynamics, heat transfer, and chemical reactions of various processes using Eulerian CFD modeling. CFD models are attractive for industrial applications. However, substantial efforts in physical modeling and numerical implementation are still required before their widespread implementation
    Note: English
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  • 98
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    Assessment & Treatment of Addictions : New Tools for Old Problems (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039438853 , 9783039438860
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction
    Abstract: Addiction in its various forms represents an enormous challenge to society. Worldwide, it has been estimated that alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs were responsible of more than 10 million deaths (Anderson et al, 2018), with a higher impact in developed countries where substance use disorders have been identified as responsible for life expectancy reversals (Rehm et al, 2016). Societal and medical responses to the problem are far from optimal, but the appearance of new technologies offers room for improvement, and lots of new initiatives have been launched and developed. In this Special Issue, we will describe and discuss how these new tools are helping to improve the assessment and treatment of substance use disorders. We will cover a wide variety of novelties that are being applied to addiction; e-health, APPs, digital phenotyping, ecological momentary assessment and interventions, wearable technology, computer-assisted tests, transcraneal magnetic stimulation, and virtual reality are just some examples of developments in a field that promises to create a real revolution in the assessment and treatment of addictions
    Note: English
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  • 99
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    BIM in the Construction Industry (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039365739 , 9783039365746
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (414 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This book contains 19 peer-reviewed papers on the subject of BIM in the construction industry. These articles cover recent advances in the development of BIM technologies and applications in the field of architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry
    Note: English
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  • 100
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    Mycotoxins Occurence in Feed and Their Influence on Animal Health (2021)
    Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783039438471 , 9783039438488
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (240 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: According to the presented studies, the health condition of animals in rearing and breeding should be regularly monitored. This would allow early detection of delicate deviations in the body of clinically healthy individuals. Unfortunately, regular monitoring of the health of animals in commercial production is not performed. It follows that this type of research should be an introduction to further, more inquisitive steps. This can form the basis for further courses of action, indicating which organs or tissues field doctors or researchers should be interested in and what to pay attention to in order to find the correct answer, concerning the situation in the animal body. In the future, we should determine biomedical markers for use in precision veterinary medicine. In human medicine, this has been practiced with great success. The problem, however, is that we are getting to know more and more substances produced by mold fungi. This causes a build-up of new interpretative problems, causing health conditions (diagnosis), as well as analytical problems. To fully understand the results we need new techniques to assess toxicological and chemical hazards, including those related to undesirable substances. We need a solid knowledge of the biological pathways underlying the toxicity and tolerance to interference factors toxicological processes. We hope that the presented study will allow for a better understanding of mycotoxicoses that bother us and our animals, which will allow for more effective preventive actions
    Note: English
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