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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (6,276)
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  • Economics  (6,276)
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  • 1
    Language: English
    Uniform Title: Das Kapital
    Keywords: Capital ; Economics
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  • 2
    ISBN: 0415222400 , 0415222419 , 0415222427 , 0415222435 , 0415222443
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 cm
    Keywords: Spieltheorie ; Verhandlungstheorie ; Nash-Gleichgewicht ; Auktionstheorie ; Makroökonomik ; Sozialwissenschaft ; Theorie ; Wiederholte Spiele ; Evolutionäre Spieltheorie ; Social sciences ; Mathematical models ; Economics ; Mathematical models ; Social sciences ; Methodology ; Economics ; Methodology ; Game theory ; Bibliografie
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 3
    ISBN: 0415153808
    Language: English
    DDC: 330.01
    Keywords: Economics
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  • 4
    Language: German , English
    Pages: 25 cm
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dietl, Clara-Erika, - 1996 Wörterbuch für Recht, Wirtschaft und Politik
    Keywords: Recht / Lexikon, Wörterbuch ; Wirtschaft / Lexikon, Wörterbuch ; Politik / Lexikon, Wörterbuch ; Englisch / O.b. Wörterbücher, Fachausdrücke0 ; Law ; Dictionaries ; Economics ; Dictionaries ; Political ; Dictionaries ; English ; Dictionaries ; German ; Law ; Dictionaries ; German ; Economics ; Dictionaries ; German ; Political ; Dictionaries ; German ; German ; Dictionaries ; English ; Mehrsprachiges Wörterbuch ; Wörterbuch ; Deutsch ; Recht ; Englisch ; Deutsch ; Politik ; Englisch ; Deutsch ; Wirtschaft ; Englisch ; Recht ; Wirtschaft ; Politik
    Note: Teil 1, 1. Aufl. u.d.T.: Erdsiek, Gerhard: Wörterbuch für Recht, Wirtschaft und Politik , Teil 2, 5. Aufl. mit dem Zusatz: Mit Kommentaren in deutscher und englischer Sprache , 1. - 7. Aufl , Ab 2002 parallele CD-ROM-Ausg. u.d.T.: Wörterbuch für Recht, Wirtschaft und Politik , Teilw. außerdem im Bender-Verl., New York, erschienen
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    ISBN: 9781394161331
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (432 pages) , illustrations
    Edition: Fourth edition.
    Series Statement: For dummies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Learn the basics of economics and keep up to date on our ever-changing economy. Whether you’re studying economics in high school or college, or you’re just interested in taking a peek into the complexities of how money moves, Economics For Dummies is the go-to reference that transforms complex economic concepts into easy-to-understand reading. With the simple explanations in this book, you’ll master key topics like supply and demand, consumer behavior, and how governments and central banks attempt to avoid—or at least ameliorate—business downturns and recessions. Plus, you’ll learn what’s going on these days with inflation, interest rates, labor shortages, and the Federal Reserve. Studying for an exam? This Dummies guide has your back, with online practice and chapter quizzes to help you get the score you need. It’s time to recon econ, the Dummies way. Economics For Dummies is an approachable reference book for students, as well as an informative guide for anyone interested in learning more about today’s economy.
    Note: Includes index. - Description based on print version record
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031401350
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXVII, 420 p. 2 illus.)
    Series Statement: Palgrave Studies in the History of Economic Thought
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Economics. ; Schools of economics. ; A Treatise on Money ; John Maynard Keynes ; Ralph Hawtrey ; Social philosophy ; Monetary economics ; A Tract on Monetary Reform ; General Theory ; Cambridge economics ; International Clearing Union plan ; Employment policy
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. Keynes’s Theory in the Making -- 3. How Did Keynes Transform His Theory from the Tract into the Treatise? -- 4. How, and for How Long Did Keynes Maintain The Treatise Theory? -- 5. The Turning Point in Keynes’s Theoretical Development -- 6. Keynes as a Planner and Negotiator - International Clearing Union -- 7. Keynes and the Transmutation Process of the Plan for Commodity Control Scheme -- 8. International Design and the British Empire - On the Relief Problem -- 9. The Welfare State in the Making - Beveridge and Keynes -- 10. Keynes’s Employment Policy in the Making - The Keynesian Revolution in Economic Policy -- 11. A Treatise on Probability and My Early Beliefs -- 12. Keynes’s New Liberalism Re-Examined -- 13. Hawtrey’s Philosophy through His Unpublished Thought and Things -- 14. Hawtrey on Welfare and Value -- 15. Exploring Hawtrey’s Social Philosophy through His Unpublished Book -- 16. Prof. Aoyama’s Study on Robertson and Keynes in Interwar Japan -- 17. Keynes and Monetary Economics -- 18. Recent Japanese Studies in the Development on Keynes’s Thought.
    Abstract: This book provides an insightful and original perspective on the work and legacy of John Maynard Keynes. It explores his work as an economist, world system planner, and social philosopher to highlight the different ways he influenced economics, economic policy, and the global political economy. Particularly attention is given to the development of the ideas which led up to The General Theory, his role as a planner and negotiator within international organizations, his work on the development of the post-war UK system, his debates with British Economists. This book examines the work and international legacy of one of economics’ defining thinkers. It will be of interest to students and researchers interested in the political economy and the history of economic thought. Toshiaki Hirai is Emeritus Professor at Sophia University. He is editor-in-chief of The Review of Keynesian Studies, published by the Keynes Society Japan.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031516818
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XLIII, 912 p. 129 illus., 87 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 3rd ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Springer Texts in Business and Economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    RVK:
    Keywords: Dynamisches Gleichgewicht ; Allgemeines Gleichgewicht ; Agentenbasierte Modellierung ; CGE-Modell ; Theorie ; Economics ; Econometrics. ; Macroeconomics. ; Economic development. ; Computer science. ; Equilibrium (Economics) Mathematical models ; Economics, Mathematical ; Business Cycles ; Computational Economics ; Dynamic General Equilibrium Modeling ; General Equilibrium ; General Equilibrium Modeling ; Growth Theory ; Heterogeneous Agents ; Stochastic Rational Expectations Economies ; Agents ; Growth Model ; Ramsey Model ; Perturbation Methods ; Heterogenous Agent Models ; Monetary and Fiscal Policy ; MATLAB ; GAUSS ; Python ; Lehrbuch ; Dynamische Makroökonomie ; Allgemeines Gleichgewichtsmodell ; Dynamische Makroökonomie ; Allgemeines Gleichgewichtsmodell
    Abstract: Part I: Representative Agent Models: Basic Models -- Perturbation Methods: Framework and Tools -- Perturbation Methods: Solutions -- Perturbation Methods: Model Evaluation and Applications -- Weighted Residuals Methods -- Simulation-Based Methods -- Discrete State Space Value Function Iteration -- Part II: Heterogenous Agent Models: Computation of Stationary Distributions -- Dynamics of the Distribution Function -- Overlapping Generations Models with Perfect Foresight -- OLG Models with Uncertainty -- Part III: Numerical Methods: Linear Algebra -- Function Approximation -- Differentiation and Integration -- Nonlinear Equations and Optimization -- Difference Equations and Stochastic Processes.
    Abstract: Contemporary macroeconomics is built upon microeconomic principles, with its most recent advance featuring dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models. The textbook by Heer and Maußner acquaints readers with the essential computational techniques required to tackle these models and employ them for quantitative analysis. This third edition maintains the structure of the second, dividing the content into three separate parts dedicated to representative agent models, heterogeneous agent models, and numerical methods. At the same time, every chapter has been revised and two entirely new chapters have been added. The updated content reflects the latest advances in both numerical methods and their applications in macroeconomics, spanning areas like business-cycle analysis, economic growth theory, distributional economics, monetary and fiscal policy. The two new chapters delve into advanced techniques, including higher-order perturbation, weighted residual methods, and solutions to high-dimensional nonlinear problems. In addition, the authors present further insights from macroeconomic theory, complemented by practical applications like the Smolyak algorithm, Gorman aggregation, rare disaster models and dynamic Laffer curves. Lastly, the new edition places special emphasis on practical implementation across various programming languages; accordingly, its accompanying web page offers examples of computer code for languages such as MATLAB®, GAUSS, Fortran, Julia and Python. "This book does not only an excellent job in explaining the existing tools, but it also teaches the reader on how to write his/her own programs and it provides the reader with the tools to help advance the state of the art of dynamic macroeconomics." Wouter J. Den Haan, London School of Economics ”... provides the reader with exactly the necessary computational tools to solve the dynamic general equilibrium models macroeconomists care about. It is therefore the perfect complement to Stokey, Lucas and Prescott's and Sargent and Ljungqvist's theoretical treatment of modern macroeconomics." Dirk Krueger, University of Pennsylvania.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031512629
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (IX, 295 p. 1 illus.)
    Series Statement: Palgrave Studies in Classical Liberalism
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Feminist economics. ; Economics. ; Women ; gender equality ; classical liberalism ; separate spheres doctrine ; political economy and gender ; feminist economics ; labour ; home economics ; marriage theory
    Abstract: PART I: Escaping the doctrine of the separate spheres (1700s-early 1900s). The economists’ points of view -- Chapter 1: Educated women as an asset to society: the role of classical liberal tradition in modern Europe -- Chapter 2: Women and the job market in Victorian England and Progressive America -- Chapter 3: Women’s new path towards the public sphere -- Part II: The doctrine of the separate spheres between rebirth and rejection (1920s- early 2000s). Marriage theory in economics -- Chapter 4: Reviving the doctrine of separate spheres: the new home economics -- Chapter 5: Feminist economics and the doctrine of the separate spheres.
    Abstract: This book delves into the doctrine of separate spheres within the history of economic thought. The concept of separate spheres emerged in philosophy and has consistently been incorporated by various disciplines. This book stands as the first comprehensive exploration of how this doctrine was embraced, adapted, and contested by economists engaged in gender issues and marriage theory. Spanning the late eighteenth to the early twentieth century, it illuminates the evolution of the drive for gender equality—rooted primarily in the tradition of classical liberalism—across the landscape of economic ideas and theories. This book is a valuable resource for scholars and researchers interested in the intricate history of the interconnections among between economic thought, feminism, gender studies, and cultural studies. Giandomenica Becchio is Associate Professor at the Department of Economics, Social Sciences, Mathematics and Statistics (ESOMAS), University of Torino, Italy. Her research encompasses the history of economic thought, with a specific emphasis on gender issues, as well as the methodology of economics and the classical liberal tradition within political economy.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9783031502224
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVII, 423 p. 11 illus.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Econometrics. ; Economic history. ; Economic theory ; History of economic thought ; Post-war economics ; economics of neoclassical synthesis ; heterodox economics ; non-walrasian economics ; financial crisis of 2007-2008 ; economics of Harvard, Yale, Chicago and Princeton
    Abstract: Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Economics at Harvard and MIT -- Chapter 3: Economics at the Cowles Commission in Chicago and Yale -- Chapter 4: Economics at the Graduate School of Industrial Administration (GSIA) in Pittsburgh -- Chapter 5: The development of the theory of games at Princeton and the Rand Corporation -- Chapter 6: Economics in Chicago and the New Chicago School -- Chapter 7: Economics in Cambridge, UK, after Keynes -- Chapter 8: Non-Mainstream Economics in the USA -- Chapter 9: Great Theoretical Controversies -- Chapter 8: The Crisis of Keynesianism and the Emergent Dominance of the Chicago School and Neoliberalism à la Chicago. .
    Abstract: This book, set out over four-volumes, provides a comprehensive history of economic thought in the 20th century. Special attention is given to the cultural and historical background behind the development of economic theories, the leading or the peripheral research communities and their interactions, and a critical appreciation and assessment of economic theories throughout these times. Volume III addresses economic theory in the period of the new golden age of capitalism, between the years from the end of the Second World War to the mid1970s, which saw the establishment of the new mainstream, in particular in its Harvard-MIT-Cowles version. It was the period of the pre-eminence of the Neoclassical Keynesian Synthesis—the theoretical core of the period’s dominant school of thought. This work provides a significant and original contribution to the history of economic thought and gives insight to the thinking of some of the major international figures in economics. It will appeal to students, scholars and the more informed reader wishing to further their understanding of the history of the discipline. Roberto Marchionatti is Professor Emeritus of Economics at the University of Torino, Fellow of the Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, and a Life Member of Clare Hall College, Cambridge. He has previously been a Visiting Scholar at the University of New York and the University of Cambridge. He is the editor of Annals of Fondazione Luigi Einaudi: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Economics, History and Political Science and he has been co-editor of History of Economic Ideas. He has published almost 50 journal articles and more than 15 books as well as a great number of contributions in edited volumes.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9789819953622 , 9819953626
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXV, 400 Seiten) , 9 illus.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ikeda, Sanford A City Cannot Be a Work of Art
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Human geography ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Urban policy ; Economics ; Sociology, Urban ; Regional economics ; Spatial economics ; Human Geography ; Social Theory ; Urban Policy ; Economics ; Urban Sociology ; Regional and Spatial Economics
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 3 | volume:23 | year:2024 | number:3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 3
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Keywords: Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: The growth of strategic budget initiatives – such as gender budgeting and green budgeting - has been a prominent trend in OECD countries. This is driven by a desire to use the budget to help deliver transformational change in relation to key policy priorities demanding a whole-of-government response. This paper outlines the emergence of strategic budget initiatives across OECD countries and offers some preliminary observations on how these initiatives are being designed and implemented.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789819985777
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 139 p. 46 illus., 38 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Advances in Japanese Business and Economics 32
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Economics. ; Power resources. ; Energy policy. ; Energy and state. ; Field experiments ; Electric power industry ; Smart grid ; Dynamic pricing ; Demand response ; Power crisis ; Great East Japan Earthquake
    Abstract: Part I Smart Grid Economics -- Chapter 1 Economics of Smart Grid: Smart Grid, Time-dependent Pricing (Dynamic Pricing), Demand Response -- Part II Field Experimental Economics -- Chapter 2 Economics of Field Experiment: History of Field Experiment, especially in Energy and Environmental Economics -- Chapter 3 Dynamic Pricing: Purpose, Design, and Results of Field Experiment of Dynamic Pricing -- Chapter 4 Persistence and Habit Formation: Short-term and Long-term Effects of Conservation Request and Dynamic Pricing -- Chapter 5 Switching Cost and Information Friction: Status Quo Bias and Cognitive Incompleteness of Behavioral Change -- Chapter 6 Social Welfare Analysis: Cost-Benefit Ratio of Installing Smart Grid System -- Part III Toward Power System Restructuring -- Chapter 7 Power System Restructuring and Smart Grids.
    Abstract: This book aims to report on a cutting-edge research project of the smart grid in Japan, resting on the three pillars of field experiments, behavioral economics, and big data. The field experiments on the smart grid were conducted in four regions in Japan—Yokohama city, Toyota city, Keihanna Science City, and Kitakyushu city—over a three-year period from 2012 to 2014 after the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011, and the subsequent accident at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plants. Our focus here is on demand response in the smart grid environment, which we also discuss in the context of power system reforms. The book is intended for undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, policy makers, and business leaders.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789819966295
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXV, 152 p. 19 illus., 11 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Public Economy and Urban Governance in China
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Urban economics. ; Development economics. ; Sociology, Urban. ; Infrastructure ; Economic Development ; Economics ; Infrastructure Construction ; China's Economy ; China's Economic Development ; China's Governance System ; National Governance ; GDP ; Infrastructure Economic Growth Model
    Abstract: Introduction -- Brief History and Basic Concepts of Infrastructure -- Origin and Development of Infrastructure Economics -- A Review of Infrastructure Economic Growth Models.-Achievements and Challenges of China’s Infrastructure Development (1949-2019) -- Infrastructure and Market Integration: A Case Study on High-Speed Rail Accessibility -- Infrastructure and Open Development: A Case Study on Foreign Direct Investment.
    Abstract: This book provides an overview of the history, basic concepts, and provision models of infrastructure, significant theories on infrastructure economics, practices at home and abroad that reflect the economic development effects of infrastructure, and four infrastructure economic growth models. Great attention is placed on the domestic front. This book describes and discusses in detail the historical background, development trends, achievements, and challenges of China’s infrastructure from 1949 to 2019, under the classic “supply and demand” analysis framework. From the four perspectives of market integration, open development, people’s livelihood, and endogenous growth, this book carries out an empirical study on how to quantify and make causal inferences about the economic development effects of infrastructure. Based on the conclusion that national governance is of important help to infrastructure provision, this book interprets China’s governance system and its impact on infrastructure provision from the angle of decentralization and offers suggestions on policy optimizing.
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9781032455068 , 9781032455082
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p.)
    DDC: 305.26094
    Keywords: Business & management ; Economics ; Microeconomics ; Economic theory & philosophy ; Labour economics ; Economics of aging; health economics; labour economics; structural change; composition of demand; European Union
    Abstract: This chapter is to demonstrate the challenges related to free time of seniors (especially EU residents) in the 21st century. The starting point for the considerations was to explain the concept of free time and to specify its characteristics, functions, and ways of using it. The structure of the seniors' time budget and leisure activities undertaken by this group were analyzed (based on Eurostat data). Subsequently, one of the important forms of free time management, that is, tourism, was studied. First, the essence of tourist activity was discussed and the reasons for undertaking it in the autumn of life. Second, the functions of senior tourism were distinguished and data on the participation of seniors from EU countries in it were presented. Third, taking into account that the concept of active aging is increasingly the participation in various types of courses, trainings, workshops, etc., the chapter defines the place of seniors in the process of lifelong learning. The tasks of the University of the Third Age (U3A) were systematized and the available data on the participation of European seniors in educational programs were analyzed. The conclusion emphasizes the heterogeneity of the silver head segment.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Taylor & Francis | The Hague : OAPEN FOUNDATION
    ISBN: 9780367713324 , 9780367713454
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 p.)
    Additional Information: Enthalten in The Routledge Handbook of the Economics of Ageing
    DDC: 305.26
    Keywords: Labour economics ; Economics ; Medicolegal issues ; Population & demography ; Age groups: the elderly ; Healthy Life Expectancy,Universal Health Coverage,Human Development Index,Medium Variant Projections,PLHIV,Lower Middle Income Countries,Healthy Ageing,Demographic Transition,Country Income Groups,ITU,Hypertensive Heart Disease,High Income Countries,Northern America,Age Related Hearing Loss,Lower Respiratory Infection,Population Ageing,Alzheimer’s Disease,WPP,Ageing World,Ischemic Heart Disease,Global Burden,Crude Death Rate
    Abstract: Ageing populations pose some of the foremost global challenges of this century. Drawing on an international pool of scholars, this cutting-edge Handbook surveys the micro, macro and institutional aspects of the economics of ageing. Structured in seven parts, the volume addresses a broad range of themes, including health economics, labour economics, pensions and social security, generational accounting, wealth inequality and regional perspectives. Each chapter combines a succinct overview of the state of current research with a sketch of a promising future research agenda. This Handbook will be an essential resource for advanced students, researchers and policymakers looking at the economics of ageing across the disciplines of economics, demography, public policy, public health and beyond.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031530517
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XII, 321 p. 36 illus., 1 illus. in color.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Priority of Needs?
    Keywords: Social choice. ; Welfare economics. ; Economics ; Public administration. ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology). ; Political science ; Need-based distributive justice ; Identification of needs ; Social recognition of needs ; Social groups ; Political recognition of needs ; Welfare ; Social utility ; Justice principles ; Prioritization in the health care sector ; Pandemic ; Covid-19 ; Social equity ; Welfare state ; Social identity ; Decision-making ; Equality ; Administrative processes ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Why Prioritize Needs? -- Part I: Identification of Needs -- Chapter 2. Need as One Distribution Principle: Frames and Framing -- Chapter 3. Measuring Need-Based Justice—Empirically and Formally -- Part II: Structures and Processes of the Recognition of Needs -- Chapter 4. The Social Recognition of Needs -- Chapter 5. The Political Recognition of Needs -- Chapter 6. Deliberation and Need-Based Distribution -- Part III: Welfare Consequences of Prioritizing Need-based Distributions -- Chapter 7. Need-based Justice and Social Utility: A Preference Approach -- Chapter 8. How Sustainable is Need-Based Redistribution? -- Part IV Differentiation -- Chapter 9. Need and Street-Level Bureaucracy. How Street-Level Bureaucrats Understand and Prioritize Need -- Chapter 10. Justice Principles, Prioritization in the Health Care Sector, and the Effect of Framing -- Chapter 11. Conclusion: Elements of a Theory of Need-Based Justice.
    Abstract: This book develops an empirically informed normative theory of need-based justice, summarizing core findings of the DFG research group FOR2104 “Need-based Justice and Distributive Procedures”. In eleven chapters scholars from the fields of economics, political science, philosophy, psychology, and sociology cover the identification and rationale of needs, the recognition and legitimacy of needs, the dynamics and stability of procedures of distributions according to needs, and the consequences and sustainability of need-based distributions. These four areas are studied from the perspective of two mechanisms of need objectification, the social objectification by the discursive generation of mutual understanding (transparency) and the factual objectification by the transfer of decisions to uninvolved experts (expertise). The volume addresses academics in the fields of justice research, ethics, political theory, social choice and welfare, framing, individual and group decision making, inequality and redistribution, as well as advanced students in the contributing disciplines.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031544231
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 175 p. 1 illus.)
    Series Statement: Palgrave Studies in Classical Liberalism
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Sombart, Werner ; Economics ; Europe ; Economic history. ; Finance, Public. ; socialism ; capitalism ; spirit of capitalism ; Max Weber ; Werner Sombart ; modern capitalism ; Marxism
    Abstract: 1. Introduction: Werner Sombart and the "Spirit" of Modern Capitalism -- 2. Sombart and the "Spirit" of Modern Capitalism-1900-1910 -- 3. Sombart and the "Spirit" of Modern Capitalism-1910-1920 -- 4. Sombart and the "Spirit" of Modern Capitalism-1920-1930 -- 5. Sombart and Modern Capitalism-The Essays -- 6. Conclusion: Sombart's "Spirit" of Modern Capitalism.
    Abstract: This book illuminates the work of Werner Sombart, a key contemporary of Max Weber, showing how his writing and thinking laid the groundwork for concepts of modern capitalism. Although the notion of the ‘spirit’ of modern capitalism is most associated with Weber, it was Sombart who first used this phrase, with Weber focusing mainly on socioeconomics while Sombart continued to develop his ideas around modern capitalism. This book critically analyses Sombart’s groundbreaking work, “Der moderne Kapitalismus” among his other writings to demonstrate how they may be read as a complementary alternative to Weber, providing a more detailed, sustained, and a comprehensive account of the genesis and nature of modern capitalism. This book will be of interest to a scholarly audience including students and researchers of the history of economic thought, as well as areas of sociology, politics, and political economy. Christopher Adair-Toteff is a philosopher and social theorist who has concentrated on social-political and social-economic issues in late nineteenth and early twentieth century Germany. His recent books include Carl Schmitt on Law and Liberalism (Palgrave 2020), Max Weber's Path from Political Economy to Social Economics (Routledge 2021) and The Early Austrian School of Economics: Money, Value, Capital (Routledge 2022). He also published Fundamental Concepts in Max Weber's Sociology of Religion (Palgrave 2015). .
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031530555
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 162 p. 3 illus.)
    Series Statement: International Law and Economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Roy, Shubhangi When Do People Obey Laws?
    Keywords: Law and economics. ; Economics ; Law ; Social psychology. ; Law and social norms ; Law obedience ; Law and behaviour ; Legal compliance ; Law enforcement ; Law and economics ; Behavioral influence ; Human behavior ; Social communication ; Institutional conditions ; Law and social psychology ; Law obedience ; Interest lobbies
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Focusing on When Do People Obey Laws and Why It Matters -- Part I: Developing an Integrated Approach to Compliance -- Chapter 2. An Integrated Framework of Compliance With Law as Social Influence: When Law Changes Behaviors -- Chapter 3. When Law Changes Attitudes Within the Integrated Approach -- Part II: Applying an Integrated Approach to Compliance to Motivational Mechanisms of Why People Obey Laws -- Chapter 4. Understanding the Powers and Limits of Legal Expression to Create Change Through the Integrated Approach to Compliance -- Chapter 5. Understanding the Role of Procedural Justice in Compliance Through the Integrated Framework -- Chapter 6. Understanding When Do People Obey Laws Through an Integrated Approach to Compliance: Concluding Remarks.
    Abstract: This book examines the intricate dynamics of when individuals adhere to laws, taking into account the context in which laws attempt to shape human behavior. While existing literature touches upon various reasons why people comply with laws, the book focuses on a critical question which has been missing from the discussion: when do people obey laws? By treating law as a form of social communication, it develops an integrated framework to answer this question. It explores how social, psychological, and institutional conditions shape compliance decisions of individuals. What does a law signify? When does the compulsion to obey arise? When do individuals comply out of a fear for legal sanctions or social repercussions? Why do some laws have high symbolic values and others fail despite harsh punishments? The book unveils the contextual intricacies that underlie obedience to law. It challenges conventional wisdom and offers a fresh perspective on the power and limitations of law in shaping human behavior. For scholars and academics seeking a deeper understanding of legal compliance and role of law in shaping behaviors, this book will be an indispensable resource.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
    ISBN: 9781003351382
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (vii, 138 Seiten) , 1 Diagramm
    Edition: First edition
    Series Statement: Routledge frontiers of political economy
    Keywords: International business ; Economics ; Political economy ; Geopolitics ; China ; USA ; Europäische Union ; Staatskunst ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Geschichte 1500-2020
    Abstract: This book provides insights on the art of governing a state and managing its external relations from a wealth-power logic. It looks at "economic statecraft", which consists of wealth production, wealth mobilization, and wealth-power conversion by a state. This book reconceptualizes what economic statecraft is and proposes a new theory focused on wealth-power conversion. With a long historic perspective, this book goes through the modern history of Western powers practicing economic statecraft since 1500, and presents three case studies, the United States, the European Union, and China, the three biggest users of economic statecraft in the contemporary world. The book serves as an ideal reference for policy makers, businesspeople, and researchers whose work touch upon either wealth creation, power projection, or the combination of both.
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    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031487705
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 827 p. 92 illus., 75 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Contributions to Management Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Finance. ; Commercial law. ; Economics ; Financial services industry. ; Regulation ; Supervision ; Decentralized Finance ; Islamic Finance ; Islamic Law ; Insolvency Law ; Financial Globalization ; Takaful ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Islamic Entrepreneurship: a Systematic Literature Review -- Chapter 2. Harmonization of Islamic Financial Literacy in Understanding the Islamic Banking Services: the Case in Malaysia -- Chapter 3. A Systematic Review: Challenge of Islamic Microfinance Baitul Maal Wat Tanwil in Indonesia -- Chapter 4. Islamic Peer-to-peer (P2P) Financing as an Alternate Model of MSME Financing in Nigeria -- Chapter 5. The Relationship Between Business Intelligence and Digital Banking Services in Jordanian Islamic Banks -- Chapter 6. The Impact of Islamic Finance on Economic Growth : the Malaysian Experience -- Chapter 7. The Efficiency of Participation Banking Sector in Turkey: A DEA Approach -- Chapter 8. Understanding the Practices and Challenges of Sustainability Reporting in Islamic Banking -- Chapter 9. Are Women a Gender Dividend for Investment – an Empirical Analysis From Indian Working Women Perspective -- Chapter 10. Potential Impact of Metaverse-based Banking on Employment in the BankingSector in India -- Chapter 11. The Impact of Credit Risk Mitigation on the Profits of Investment Deposits in Islamic Banks -- Chapter 12. The Effect of Job Seekers' Perception on the Intention to Apply for Jobs in Islamic Banks in Indonesia -- Chapter 13. Factors Influencing the Adoption of Business Intelligence in Islamic Banks -- Chapter 14. Prospects of a Partnership-based Islamic Microfinance ‎model in Bangladesh: Clients Perspectives -- Chapter 15. Analyzing Islamic Crowdfunding Through Bibliometric and Visualization Approaches -- Chapter 16. Benchmarking as a Mechanism to Measure Reference Efficiency and Improve the Performance of a Group of Banks, Using the DEA Data Envelope -- Chapter 17. A Perspective on the Existence and Development of Islamic Banking in India -- Chapter 18. Women Outreach Exploration; Evidence From Islamic Microfinance in Indonesia -- Chapter 19. The Impact of Necessity on Deposit Guarantee in Islamic Banks an Applied Jurisprudential Study -- Chapter 20. The FinancialImpact of Islamic Banking on Supporting and Developing Small and Medium Enterprises an Assessment of the Reality of Global Bank Al-Salam -- Chapter 21. A Qualitative Evaluation of Narrative Effectiveness Used in the Six and Titanic Films: a Forgotten Minority Perspective -- Chapter 22. Sukuk Blockchain - an Innovation: Opportunities and Challenges -- Chapter 23. Linking Brand Awareness, Influencers and Impulse Buying via Sor Theory: a Conceptual Paper -- Chapter 24. Bibliometric Analysis of Internal Audit Quality of Public Sector Organizations -- Chapter 25. Systematic Literature Review About Examining the Factors Affecting Omans Implementation of E-government -- Chapter 26. Role of Payment Innovation on Bank Performance: What Happens to the Bank if Cash Goes Away? -- Chapter 27. Investigating the Factors Influencing Mobile Commerce Usage of SMES in Hargeisa, Republic of Somaliland: a Review of Literature -- Chapter 28. Breaking Barriers: Exploring the Gender Moderation in Factors Affecting University Choice for Students -- Chapter 29. An in-depth Exploration of the Evolution and Imple-mentation of Halal Pharmaceutical Certification Schemes in Malaysia -- Chapter 30. Examining the Impact of Entrepreneurship Performance on Sustainable Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS) -- Chapter 31. The Penta Helix Model in Management of Livestock Compost in Pakisjajar Village Communities -- Chapter 32. Student Performance in Mathematics and Its Impact on Learning Stem Subjects -- Chapter 33. Identifying the Sugarcane Trading System in Indonesia: an Institutional Economics Perspective -- Chapter 34. Going Global in the Digital Age Keeping Up and Staying Ahead in Today's Tech-driven Society -- Chapter 35. The Development of Women's Education Under Local Organizations in Kelantan, 1932-1957 -- Chapter 36. Nurturing Student Academic Performance: Unveiling the Impact of Smart Classroom, Perceived Ease of Use, Self-efficacy, and Islamic Spiritual Values -- Chapter 37. The Prospectof Work From Home in the Public Sector -- Chapter 38. Analytical Study on Ethical Issues in Events- Voices From Muslim Organizers -- Chapter 39. Crowdsourcing: a Catalyst for SMES to Ideation and Commercialization? -- Chapter 40. Correlation Between Flash Floods and Variable Improper Drainage Systems: Experiences Impacts of Flash Floods From Bandar Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia -- Chapter 41. Development of New Funding Formula in Malaysian Public Universities -- Chapter 42. Adapting to Technologicatransformation: Jobs and Skills in Malaysia's Evolving Work Landscape -- Chapter 43. Factors Shaping the Propensity of UAE Secondary School Teachers to Incorporate Education 4.0 -- Chapter 44. Role of Credit Attitude on Credit Card Misuse: a Study of Malaysian Working Adults -- Chapter 45. Social Media Marketing for Micro-enterprises in Malaysia: Branding for the Future? -- Chapter 46. English Majors Intercultural Competence and Chinese Cultural Aphasia -- Chapter 47. Study on Socio-demographic of Healthcare Waqf Do-nors: Waqf Contribution and Its Association With the Faith and Attitude Influence -- Chapter 48. Students Inclination and Preferences for Tahfiz Program in UiTM -- Chapter 49. Risk Mitigation Strategy for Agency Problems in Micro Business Financing of Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil: a Qualitative Swot Analysis -- Chapter 50. The Mental Processes in Beauty of Shaanxi: an Ecological Discourse Analysis Perspective -- Chapter 51. Powerful Entrepreneurial Networking: Bridging the Gap in Marketing Performance of Halal SMES -- Chapter 52. Environmental Awareness Impact on Coastal Residents Emotional Intelligence and Personality -- Chapter 53. Vernacular Masjid as a Development of the Basic Arche-type of the Punctured Pavilion: a Technological and Cul-tural Manifestation in the Southeast Asian Region -- Chapter 54. Policy and Digital Economy and Society Development Action Plan Phase 2 (B.E. 2566 " 2570) and Digital Economy and Society Development Action Plan for Human Resource Development Phase2 (B.E.2566 " 2570) -- Chapter 55. Factor Influencing of Toxic Masculinity on Young and Adult Productivity: a Systematic Review -- Chapter 56. Metaphor Construction of Environmental Issues in Chinese and American News Media -- Chapter 57. A Proposed Model for Embracing Digital Horizons: Exploring Patient-centric Wearable Healthcare Technology -- Chapter 58. Exploring the Appropriate Legal Mechanisme for Consumer in Halal Food Abuse -- Chapter 59. Islamic Environmental Education: Case Study of the Institute of Islamic Understanding Malaysia (IKIM) -- Chapter 60. Food Waste Management Technology in Malaysia: Lessons From the United States and European Union -- Chapter 61. Consumer Adoption of Brimo Mobile Banking Applica-tion: an Extended Tam Perspective -- Chapter 62. The Issue of Cybersex Addiction Among Children in Peninsular Malaysia: the Process of Development and Validation of Instrument -- Chapter 63. Measurement of Religiosity in Islamic Perspective -- Chapter 64. Ma'iyyah Work-life Enhancement: Islamic Values Approach to Strengthen Work Engagement -- Chapter 65. Digital Loneliness in Social Media: the Epoch of Our Connected and Distraction World.
    Abstract: This volume discusses the new trends in law and regulation in Islamic finance. Islamic finance is a particular component of the global financial system and is very different from secular finance. To understand the development of Islamic finance, it is important to place it in the context of financial globalization. Islamic finance is a new force in the contemporary world financial system and is present in more than a hundred countries. The current generation of Muslim economic power is crowding into the world's financial currents with trillions in liquidity and is growing at a high rate of 10-15% per year. Islamic finance is coming into focus and is not confined to Islamic countries but is present in every larger Muslim community, which means that it cannot be isolated from the effects of financial globalization. This edited volume discusses the effects of global financial transactions in Islamic finance and how it impacts its law and regulation.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789819707065
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 176 p. 9 illus., 6 illus. in color.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Household Finance ; Finance Health ; Financial Resilience ; Financial Literacy ; Family Financial Behavior ; Household Asset Allocation ; Risky Financial Market ; Entrepreneurial Activity ; Financial Consumer Protection ; FinTec
    Abstract: Chinese Household Finance: Research Background and Conceptual Delineation -- Health status, risk attitude and Household financial investment behavior -- Housing type, financial literacy and household financial investment behavior -- The effect of mental accounting and housing wealth on household financial asset allocation -- The age-period-cohort effect on household financial health -- The influence of risk attitude and borrowing participation on resident entrepreneurship -- The influence of financial exclusion and financial literacy on resident entrepreneurship -- The impact of digital technology on household finance -- Fintech, household finance, and financial consumer protection: opportunities, challenges, and countermeasures.
    Abstract: This book systematically studies and discusses pertinent issues related to household finance in China. This book not only elucidates the concept and connotation of household finance, but also extensively examines the significance and necessity of enhancing household finance and upholding household financial well-being. Drawing upon theories from economics, psychology, sociology, and behavioral finance, it conducts a quantitative analysis of family finance and its influencing factors by constructing models such as Probit model, Tobit model, and APC model to empirically test the underlying mediation mechanism. In addition, from the perspective of inclusive finance development and safeguarding the rights and interests of financial consumers, this book expounds on its profound impact on household finance. This book is a valuable reference for researchers in related fields, and it also provides some insights into residents’ and families’ awareness of financial health. Furthermore, it aids in formulating and improving consumption policies, adjusting economic structures, and preventing household financial risks. This research provides valuable guidance for enhancing family welfare and increasing property income for Chinese residents.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789264343115 , 9789264396784 , 9789264782051
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (203 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Privater Konsum ; Sparen ; Privater Haushalt ; Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung ; Einkommensverteilung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: This publication presents guidance for the compilation of distributional results on household income, consumption and saving consistent with national accounts totals. These results are a key input for evidence-based policies targeting inequality and fostering inclusive growth, providing insights into key dimensions of material well-being across household groups. The results complement existing inequality measures by including elements that are often lacking from micro statistics and by providing inequality measures consistent with macroeconomic aggregates, broadening the scope for analyses, while also capturing households and transactions that are typically underrepresented in micro data. Moreover, while the estimates do require a number of statistical choices and assumptions, they have a high degree of international comparability because of the common methodology and their alignment to national accounts results. The handbook provides an overview of the conceptual framework underlying the distributional results and discusses various aspects in relation to the compilation and presentation of the distributional results. It aims to assist compilers in deriving high-quality distributional results and to provide users with more insights into the main benefits of these results as well as into the way that the results have been derived.
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789264996526 , 9789264451674 , 9789264920927
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (183 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Budgetinzidenz ; Kanada ; Frankreich ; Irland ; Italien ; Südkorea ; Niederlande ; Neuseeland ; Schweden ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Governance
    Abstract: In many countries, public expenditure, including transfers, plays a major role in reducing income inequality. The report reviews the various ways that budgeting can be used to this end. A first includes taking a broad approach to results-based budgeting, taking social and distributional goals into consideration. A second relies on integrating distributional impact analysis directly into the budget process. The report discusses the concrete experience of eight OECD countries in this area, analysing how they are integrating distributional impact assessment in spending and budgeting decisions. Finally, it discusses the tools, frameworks and data that are needed to take distributional considerations into account as part of evidence-informed policy making.
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  • 24
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1789
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The paper reviews the diverse experience of OECD countries in establishing and running independent fiscal institutions, offering insights that could be useful for Latin American countries seeking to set-up and strengthen those institutions in the region. Through cluster analysis, we identify different types of OECD independent fiscal institutions and draw practical lessons from cases studies. We also identify key features that could serve as a road map for Latin American countries in their efforts to establish or enhance independent fiscal institutions.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264700079 , 9789264352063 , 9789264592322
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Informelle Wirtschaft ; Niedriglohn ; Schwarzarbeit ; Qualifikation ; Soziale Mobilität ; Education ; Economics ; Development
    Abstract: This report adds two perspectives on informality. First, it disassembles the mechanics of the deleterious links between informal employment, low-paying work and low skills. It shows that informal employment is highly persistent, and that the vulnerability of informal workers is passed on to their children in the absence of adequate education, skills and social protection policy. Second, the report underscores the double burden of informality and low-paying work that a large share of workers in developing and emerging economies carry, and as such calls for policy solutions that go beyond the formalisation agenda and embrace the goal of social justice.
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  • 26
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (59 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1790
    Keywords: Infrastrukturinvestition ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Brasilien ; Economics
    Abstract: Infrastructure investment has been low in Brazil over the last decades, leaving significant gaps in all infrastructure sectors. To close these gaps, public investment will need to increase and become more effective, while additional private resources need to be mobilised. Improving strategic planning and effectively translating it into budget allocations over time would increase the quality of infrastructure projects. Promoting foreign participation in public procurement would raise competition and value for public money, while strengthening the governance of SOEs would enhance the quality of infrastructure services. Minimising policy and judicial risks would help to leverage more private infrastructure financing, including at longer maturities, while ensuring an adequate risk sharing between public and private actors.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031517372
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XV, 271 p. 11 illus.)
    Series Statement: Palgrave Studies in the History of Economic Thought
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Macroeconomics. ; Schools of economics. ; International economic relations. ; Financial services industry. ; history of economic thought through 1925 ; history of economic thought since 1925 ; monetary economics ; central banking ; international monetary arrangements and institutions ; economic pathologies ; monetary reform ; national payments ; international payments ; sovereign debt crises ; theory of money emissions
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction -- PART 1: NATIONAL PAYMENTS- Chapter 2. Nominal and real money, general equivalent, and value -- Chapter 3. From money as a numéraire to the quantity theory of money -- Chapter 4. Keynes on bank money and the ‘monetary theory of production’ -- Chapter 5. The macroeconomic analysis of national payments -- PART II: INTERNATIONAL PAYMENTS -- Chapter 6. The classical view of international transactions -- Chapter 7. The neoclassical approach to international transactions -- Chapter 8. Keynes’s analysis of external payments -- Chapter 9. The macroeconomic analysis of international payments -- Chapter 10. Conclusion.
    Abstract: This book demonstrates the relevance of the historical perspective with respect to national and international payment systems. Its analysis of national and international payments develops along a dialectical path that starts with the work of the Classics (thesis), undergoes a radical turn with the advent of the neoclassical school (antithesis), and reaches the modern theory of emissions passing through Keynes’s contribution (synthesis). That the history of economic thought occupies a legitimate place in the field of historical studies is beyond dispute. What may be less well understood is that it can serve purposes beyond those of the academic community of historians. This book critically investigates the contributions of the greatest economists of the past to provide insights into the pathologies of today’s systems of national and international payments and into the reforms that are needed to correct them. It will be relevant to students and researchers interested in economic policy and the history of economic thought. Andrea Carrera is an Assistant Professor of Applied Economics at Complutense University of Madrid and an Affiliated Researcher at the Complutense Institute for International Studies (ICEI). He has also been serving as a Marie Skłodowska-Curie exchange researcher in Asia and South America. His current research interests are in monetary economics and economic catch-up. Alvaro Cencini is Professor Emeritus of Monetary Economics at the Università della Svizzera italiana, Switzerland. He holds a D.phil degree from the University of Fribourg and a Ph.D. degree from the London School of Economics. He is the author of several books, contributions to books, and peer-reviewed journals on monetary economics. See also: www.quantum-macroeconomics.info.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9783031494468
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVII, 339 p.)
    Series Statement: Palgrave Studies in the History of Economic Thought
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Economics. ; Latin America ; Economic history. ; Institutionalisation of Political Economy ; International Circulation of Economic Ideas ; New Latin American Republics ; Trade Policy ; Translations of Political Economy ; Late Enlightenment ; Spanish Liberalism ; Monetary Policy ; Public Finances ; Classical Political Economy ; Atlantic History ; Spanish Exile ; José Joaquín de Mora
    Abstract: 1. Introduction. A distinctive proponent of classical political economy in the Spanish-speaking world -- 2. The Absolutism six-year Period (1814-1820). Encountering Smith and Say -- 3. The Liberal Triennium (1820-1823). Mora, Bentham and radical liberalism -- 4. London (1824-1827). The approach to British Classical political economy -- 5. Argentina (1827-1828). An early attempt to introduce economic liberalism in Hispanic America -- 6. Chile (1828-1832): 'El Mercurio Chileno' and the model of economic development for the Hispanic American republics -- 7. Peru and Bolivia. Teaching, journalism and diplomacy -- 8. Back to Spain (1843-1853). The debate on free trade in Spain under the sway of moderate liberalism -- 9. Mora and the Enciclopedia Moderna’s (1853-1855) entries on Political Economy and Public Finance -- 10. Mora and the articles for the journal 'La América': Dialoguing once again with Latin America from Spain -- 11. Epilogue. The art of dissemination.
    Abstract: This book examines the dissemination, adaptation, and application of classical economic ideas within the Hispanic world through the life of José Joaquín de Mora. Focusing on the decades surrounding the creation of the Latin American republics, it highlights how ideas from the classical political economy, including liberalism and free trade, were pioneered in the work of Mora and disseminated across the Spanish speaking world. Particular attention is given to the influence of Mora in Argentina, Chile, Peru, and Bolivia and how he helped shape their economic development models and political environments. This book examines the essential role José Joaquín de Mora played in the ideological and political modernisation of Latin America. It will be of interest to students and researchers interested in the history of economic thought and the political economy. Jesús Astigarraga is Professor of Economics at the University of Zaragoza. Javier Usoz is Associate Professor of Economics at the University of Zaragoza. Juan Zabalza is Associate Professor of Economics at the University of Alicante.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9783031499517
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 340 p. 57 illus., 40 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Finance. ; Economics ; Tourism. ; Entrepreneurship. ; New business enterprises. ; Econometrics. ; Applied economics ; Research Methodology in Applied Economics ; Applied International Economics ; Financial economics ; Tourism economics ; Banking mobile applications ; Positive Externality of Property Rights ; Sustainable development ; Entrepreneurship and management ; Quantitative methods ; Financial Market Analysis ; Computational Economics ; Entrepreneurship ; Business Ethics ; Sustainable Supply Chain ; Konferenzschrift
    Abstract: This book features a collection of high-quality and peer-reviewed papers from the 2023 7th International Conference on Applied Economics and Business, which was held in Copenhagen, Denmark, during August 24-26, 2023. ICAEB is held annually as a platform for the presentation of new advances and research results in the fields of applied economics and business. Applied economics is a way of dealing with esoteric economic concepts in a practical and analytical way. It allows for decisions to be made that are underlined by theoretical economic principles but utilized in such a way that they transform into real work applications. The contributors cover topics such as environment, development, finance, forensics, information, institutions, international, labor, management, mathematics, currency, tourism and many more. Applied Economics affects all aspects of life and science and it is brought to the forefront in this collection of papers. The conference, with its aim to bring together economists from different fields, lends itself to a natural and rich collection of scientific papers all focused on the practical application of economic principles. The scope of this collection of papers will be useful to academics and practitioners who look to economics to help solve problems.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789819713820
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVI, 328 p. 123 illus., 94 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Springer Texts in Business and Economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Schools of economics. ; Economics ; Economics. ; Econometrics. ; Architecture of the Economic System ; Heterogeneous Interaction and Coordination ; Fault-tolerant Economic System ; Peer-to-peer Transaction ; Blockchain Tied with DLT
    Abstract: Critical Assessments of Economics -- The Role of Money -- A Critical Assessment of Pure Economics -- Redomaining Equilibrium Economics -- Interpreting the Iterated Dilemma Games by using the Presentation Like “Cellular Automatons" -- Evolution of Economics -- The Evolution of Molecule System and the Systemic Risks -- A Measure of Systemic Risk Derived from the Input-Output Table -- Alternative Developing Tools for Economics -- Evolutionary Reconstruction of Economics -- The Reconstruction of the Theory of Production and Preference -- Choice Axioms and A Geometrical Analysis of Rankings -- The Evolution of Exchange Process -- A Theory of International Trade -- Elementary Stochastic Methods for Economics -- Elementary Tools for Stochasitc Analysis -- Stochastic Methods from the Simplest Transaction Dynamics to the Complex Networks -- Statistical Approach on The Economic System.
    Abstract: This textbook presents a new way to visualize or imagine the evolutionary architecture of economics, to judge both its practical outcomes and its ultimate value. Evolutionary economics employs an Aristotelian architecture. The cognitive value of this imagination[H1] must be directly relevant to the evolutionary theory and practice of designing the architecture of the economic system. Mainstream economics completely ignores design value in order to concentrate on the ideal, Platonic vision of the economy. The current system is no longer one that converges on a constant entity, because the system is constantly evolving. The advent of the digital economy is an indispensable next step, and computational power and algorithmic rationality are increasingly dominating the economic system—and complicating it. In today’s society, neither fault nor malice matters in the algorithmic or human system. There is little room left for the effective working of human reason. Correspondingly, the meanings of money, exchange, the market system, auctions, production, consumption, and the currency transaction system are poised to change. In most cases, there will be digital counterparts. A smart contract tied together with DLT, for example, makes it possible to design an economically well-behaved peer-to-peer (P2P) system, which ranges from the micromarket to the international currency transaction system. The introduction of this technology and its architectural design may suggest what a truly decentralized future entails. This change may also bring about a new understanding of existing social consensus and practice. Thus, the implementation of these considerations naturally leads to a new style of chapter structuring in this book, from the classical analytical approach to exploring computational methods and digital tools: in many cases, the problems presented in each chapter are combined with discussions of a respective computational method and its practical value. .
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9783031507472
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXIX, 439 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Palgrave studies in agricultural economics and food policy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rahman, Andaleeb The future of India's social safety nets
    Keywords: Social policy. ; Agriculture ; Development economics. ; Economic history. ; Economics. ; Social Safety Nets ; Indian Welfare Safe ; Food Policy in India ; Political Economy ; Governance ; Development Economics ; Health Care ; Poverty ; Public Distribution System (PDS) ; Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme ; Political economy ; Central / national / federal government policies ; Agricultural science ; Development economics and emerging economies ; Economics ; Social Safety Nets ; Indian Welfare Safe ; Food Policy in India ; Political Economy ; Governance ; Development Economics ; Health Care ; Poverty ; Public Distribution System (PDS) ; Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
    Abstract: India has learned what to do and what not to do when it comes to implementing policy to address human suffering. The COVID-19 pandemic unified the international response in similar ways, and the world has a lot to learn about key initiatives in India that have been implemented since India's independence. This open-access book includes key learnings about the conceptualization, design, and impact of social welfare programs in India spanning more than a 75-year period. The Future of India's Social Safety Nets provides a comprehensive analysis of these systems by combining insights from a wealth of interdisciplinary scholarship on social protection, economic development, and social policy. It covers India’s social development in terms of three essential aspects of policy design: focus (intended beneficiaries), form (transfer modalities), and scope (developmental objectives). Highlighting the developmental achievements and shortcomings of the myriad of social welfare schemes, this book proposes a framework to foster human resilience through social protection. This is an open-access book
    Note: English
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9780197673577
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource , illustrations.
    Series Statement: Oxford handbooks online
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 330.9
    Keywords: Economic geography ; International economic relations ; Economics ; Economics
    Abstract: This handbook is currently in development, with individual articles publishing online in advance of print publication. At this time, we cannot add information about unpublished articles in this handbook, however the table of contents will continue to grow as additional articles pass through the review process and are added to the site. Please note that the online publication date for this handbook is the date that the first article in the title was published online.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references. - Description based on online resource; title from home page (viewed on February 20, 2024)
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9781032373836 , 9781032373843
    Language: English
    Pages: xx, 397 Seiten
    Series Statement: Routledge handbooks
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The Routledge handbook on Karl Polanyi
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Polanyi, Karl Political and social views ; Economics ; Economics Political aspects ; Economics Sociological aspects ; Political science Philosophy ; Polanyi, Karl 1886-1964 ; Politische Philosophie ; Wirtschaftstheorie ; Methodologie
    Abstract: "Karl Polanyi is one of the most influential social scientists of our era. A report of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) begins by noting that we are in a "Polanyi era": a time of dangerously unregulated markets, where the greatest need for decisive political action is matched by the least trust in politics. This handbook provides a comprehensive of recent research on Polanyi's work and ideas, including the central place occupied by his thinking on the relationship between economics and politics. The stellar line-up of contributors to this book explore Polanyi's work reflecting the intrinsic interdisciplinarity of Polanyi's approach to understanding our society, its place in history, its fundamental dynamics, and its contradictions, as well as the methodological issues he raises. The handbook broadly follows a chronological structure beginning with influences on Polanyi, his formative experiences and early works. A significant section is dedicated to Polanyi's seminal work, The Great Transformation, and its impact. Further sections also look at Polanyi's wider influence, on various disciplines and methodological debates, and his ongoing relevance for present-day issues including debates on populism, neoliberalism and low carbon transitions. This handbook is a vital resource for students and scholars of economics, politics, sociology, and other social sciences"--
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031508219
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XL, 660 p. 49 illus., 29 illus. in color.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The Palgrave handbook of sovereign wealth funds
    Keywords: International finance. ; Finance, Public. ; Financial services industry. ; Political planning. ; Sovereign Wealth Funds ; Finance ; Economics ; Santiago Principles ; Politics ; Law ; Shareholder Activism ; Institutional Framework and Governance ; Regulating Sovereign Wealth Funds ; Tax Laws and International Treaties ; Liquidity Management ; Risk Management ; Investors in Global Markets ; Portfolio Analysis ; Socially Responsible/Sustainable Investing ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: 1.Sovereign Wealth Funds: An Overview -- 2. The Evolution of Sovereign Wealth Funds: A Bibliometric Analysis -- 3. Sovereign Wealth Funds and the Local and World Economy: Are They Good or Bad Investment Actors? -- 4. Standards for Sovereign Wealth Funds: The Santiago Principles and Beyond -- 5.Controversies Surrounding Sovereign Wealth Funds -- 6.The Nature, Scope, and Governance of Sovereign Wealth Funds -- 7. Institutional Framework and Governance Structure of Sovereign Wealth Funds -- 8. Sovereign Wealth Funds and Shareholder Activism: Implications for Corporate Governance and Public Policy -- 9. Accountability and Transparency of Sovereign Wealth Funds -- 10.Balancing Profit and Politics: The Role of Sovereign Wealth Funds in Soft Diplomacy and Domestic Interests -- 11.Leveraging Sovereign Wealth Funds for Soft Power -- 12. The Impact of Tax Laws and International Treaties on Sovereign Wealth Funds -- 13. Macro-level Issues Facing Sovereign Wealth Funds: Inflation, Higher Rates, and Deglobalization -- 14. Agency Issues in Managing Sovereign Wealth Funds -- 15. Structuring an Effective Sovereign Wealth Fund -- 16. Outsourcing and Internal Management Issues of Sovereign Wealth Funds -- 17. Risk Management in Sovereign Wealth Funds -- 18. Using Fintech in Sovereign Wealth Fund Operations -- 19. Best Practices of Sovereign Wealth Funds -- 20. Investment Policies of Sovereign Wealth Funds -- 21. Why a Commercial Focus Is Key to SWF Development Success -- 22.The SWF Portfolio: Next Generation Challenges and Opportunities -- 23.Sovereign Wealth Funds and Socially Responsible and Sustainable Investing -- 24.Sovereign Wealth Funds and Climate Change -- 25. Performance of Sovereign Wealth Funds: Benchmarks and Beyond -- 26. The Norway Government Pension Fund Global: The World’s Largest Sovereign Wealth Fund -- 27. European and Asian Sovereign Wealth Funds -- 28. Sovereign Wealth Funds on Four Continents -- 29. Sovereign Wealth Funds Across Countries: Similarities and Difference -- 30. Sovereign Wealth Funds During Crises -- 31. Sovereign Wealth Funds in Venture Capital: Exploring the New Frontiers -- 32. The Interface of Islamic Finance and Sovereign Wealth Funds -- 33.The Future of Sovereign Wealth Funds: Challenges and Opportunities.
    Abstract: The Palgrave Handbook of Sovereign Wealth Funds provides a comprehensive, detailed analysis of these funds from a multidimensional perspective consisting of 33 chapters divided into seven sections. Section I provides background material about SWFs, providing a foundation for the remainder of the handbook. Section II examines various controversies, governance, and accountability topics involving SWFs. Section III discusses the political, legal, and tax aspects of SWFs. Section IV reviews numerous topics involving SWF management. Section V deals with SWFs’ policies, preferences, and performance. Section VI provides descriptive analyses of SWFs based on country or region. It also offers a comparison of SWF similarities and differences across countries. Section VII concludes by examining special issues and the future of SWFs. This handbook spans the gamut from theoretical to practical while offering the right balance of detailed and user-friendly coverage. Discussion of relevant research permeates the handbook. Although other books are available on SWFs, few are as comprehensive or provide a multidimensional perspective from academics and practitioners. This handbook fills a gap by showing how SWFs are a growing and dynamic force in international finance. “The Palgrave Handbook of Sovereign Wealth Funds was written by experts in the field on both sides of the aisle − practitioners and academicians – making it unique.” —Bader Al Rushaid Al Bader, Former Chairman of Kuwait Investment Company and Former Deputy Managing Director of Kuwait Investment Authority “Covering the history, management, politics, governance, and accountability issues relating to sovereign wealth funds, this handbook dives deep into the myriad opportunities and challenges faced by these distinctive financial institutions.” —Bill Megginson, Professor and Price Chair in Finance at the University of Oklahoma’s Michael F Price College of Business “This handbook is an excellent addition to this strategic field of sovereign wealth funds. Experts contributed to this informative handbook. I highly recommend it to anyone interested in this topic.” —Ahmad Al-Sayed, Chairman of Doha Venture Capital Fund (DVC) and Former Chief Executive Officer of Qatar Investment Authority and Qatar Holding.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9783031484575
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 316 p. 55 illus., 37 illus. in color.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The ESG framework and the energy industry
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    RVK:
    Keywords: Power resources. ; Business enterprises ; Economics ; Energy policy. ; Energy and state. ; Environmental ; Social and Governance ; Corporate finance ; Economic Incentives for ESG Activities ; Market-Based Policies for ESG Activities ; Financial markets ; Financial risks ; Corporate governance ; Behavioral finance ; Energy financing ; Energy markets ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction (James Thewissen) -- Part I. Energy Resources and ESG Criteria: Demand and Supply Issues -- Chapter 2. The Causal Relationship Between ESG and Economic Growth: Evidence from the Panel of Commonwealth Independent States (Nermin Yasar Baskaraagac) -- Chapter 3. Macroeconomic Determinants of Energy Poverty in Türkiye (Goktug Sahin) -- Chapter 4. Towards Economic Growth Without CO2 Emissions: the Case of Türkiye (Wietze Lise) -- Chapter 5. The Natural Gas War between Europe and Russia after the Invasion of Ukraine (Mehmet Baha) -- Part II. Market-Based Policies for ESG Activities in the Energy Sector -- Chapter 6. ESG Performances of Energy Companies in OECD Countries: A Clustering Approach (Cem Menten) -- Chapter 7. The Impact of Renewable Energy Incentives on Carbon Prices in the USA (Esin Hilal Çoşkun) -- Chapter 8. Static and Dynamic Connectedness between Green Bonds and Clean Energy Markets (Ayşe Nur Şahinler) -- Chapter 9. Do Green Bonds Improve the Stock and Environmental Performance of Energy Firms? International Evidence (Mehmet Baha Karan) -- Part III. Dealing with ESG Issues: Creating Corporate Value -- Chapter 10. Resilience in Power Generation: Two Case Studies from Turkey (Fatih Avcı) -- Chapter 11. The Effect of Environmental Scores on Financial Performance in the European Region (Gizem Arı) -- Chapter 12. The Impact of Executive Pay Gap on Environmental and Social Performance in the Energy Sector: Worldwide Evidence (Deniz Kartal) -- Chapter 13. Sector and Country Effects of Carbon Reduction on Firm Performance (Robin van Emous).
    Abstract: This book contributes to a better understanding of the importance of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles for corporate value in the energy industry. In particular, it analyzes how the energy industry is achieving this shift in response to government regulations and how it is addressing specific ESG issues. It discusses various economic incentives and market-based policies for ESG activities in the energy sector and highlights how energy firms are using environmental, social and governance initiatives to create value. In turn, the book demonstrates how ESG principles can be implemented while considering various economic and corporate issues, such as financial markets, financial risks, asset pricing, value at risk, capital structure, capital budgeting, corporate (re)structuring, corporate governance, behavioral finance, financial performance, asset pricing, cost control, financial accounting, fiscal issues, institutions, governance, and legal aspects. Accordingly, it will appeal to scholars of economics, finance, and energy policy, and to anyone interested in the implementation of ESG principles in the energy industry. This is the ninth book in a series organized by the Centre for Energy and Value Issues (CEVI). In this book, CEVI collaborates with the Hacettepe University Energy Markets Research and Application Center (Ankara, Turkey). The previous volumes in the series were: Financial Aspects in Energy (2011), Energy Economics and Financial Markets (2012), Perspectives on Energy Risk (2014), Energy Technology and Valuation Issues (2015), Energy and Finance (2016), Energy Economy, Finance and Geostrategy (2018), Financial Implications of Regulations in the Energy Industry (2020) and Applied Operations Research and Financial Modelling in Energy (2021).
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031355837
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(230 illus., 147 illus. in color. eReference.)
    Edition: 3rd ed. 2024.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economic history. ; Econometrics. ; Economics ; Labor economics. ; Population ; Macroeconomics.
    Abstract: Family reconstitution data: a cliometric view -- History of cliometrics -- Growth theories -- Cliometric approaches to war -- GDP and convergence in modern times -- Cliometrics and the great depression -- Financial Systems -- Cliometric approaches to international trade -- Time series -- The industrial revolution: a cliometric perspective -- The cliometric study of financial panics and crashes.
    Abstract: This handbook is a milestone in the field of historical economics and econometric history through its emphasis on the concrete contribution of cliometrics to our knowledge in economics and history. The articles in the handbook authored by the leading scholars in the fields, stress the usefulness of cliometrics for economists, historians and social scientists in general. The handbook offers a comprehensive coverage of topics with each article providing an overview of the contributions of cliometrics to a particular topic. The handbook has set a new standard of quality in the field by offering a world-wide forum of discussion in cliometrics. This updated and extended third edition of the handbook of cliometrics offers a substantially enlarged collection of articles and thus stresses its unique position as authoritative reference work in this field.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9781003128847
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (347 p.)
    Keywords: Economics ; Law / Environmental ; Business & Economics / Development / Sustainable Development
    Abstract: This book presents an in-depth analysis of how UN human rights institutions and mechanisms have addressed environmental protection, sustainable development, and climate change. Despite the increasing involvement of UN human rights bodies in addressing environmental degradation and climate change, a systematic review of the convergence between human rights and the environment in these bodies has not been carried out. Filing this lacuna, this book surveys the resolutions, general comments, concluding observations, decisions on individual communications and press releases. It identifies principles that have emerged, explores the ways in which human rights charter-based and treaty-based institutions are interpreting environmental principles and examines how they contribute to the emerging field of human rights and the environment. Given the disproportionate effect that polluting activities have on marginalized and vulnerable groups, Atapattu also discusses how these human rights mechanisms have addressed the impact on women, children, indigenous peoples, people with disabilities, and racial minorities. Written by a world-renowned expert on human rights and the environment, this book will be of great interest to students and scholars researching and teaching in this important field of study
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9781663724557 , 1663724555
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (1 audio file (4 hr., 49 min.))
    Edition: Second edition.
    DDC: 339
    Keywords: Macroeconomics ; Economic policy ; Economic development ; Monetary policy ; Economics ; Audiobooks
    Abstract: Understanding the Ground Rules for the Global Economy In this revised and updated edition of A Concise Guide to Macroeconomics, David A. Moss draws on his years of teaching at Harvard Business School to explain important macro concepts using clear and engaging language. This guidebook covers the essentials of macroeconomics and examines, in a simple and intuitive way, the core ideas of output, money, and expectations. Early chapters leave you with an understanding of everything from fiscal policy and central banking to business cycles and international trade. Later chapters provide a brief monetary history of the United States as well as the basics of macroeconomic accounting. You'll learn why countries trade, why exchange rates move, and what makes an economy grow. Moss's detailed examples will arm you with a clear picture of how the economy works and how key variables impact business and will equip you to anticipate and respond to major macroeconomic events, such as a sudden depreciation of the real exchange rate or a steep hike in the federal funds rate.
    Note: Online resource; title from title details screen (O'Reilly, viewed March 7, 2023)
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9789819943265 , 9819943264
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVIII, 281 Seiten) , 99 illus., 21 illus. in color.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als India-China Dialogues Beyond Borders
    DDC: 320.95
    Keywords: Asia Politics and government ; Economic policy ; Social policy ; Economics ; Culture ; International trade ; Ethnology Asia ; Asian Politics ; Socio-Economic Policy ; Cultural Economics ; International Trade ; Asian Culture
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 2 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: The economic and fiscal costs of gender inequalities, such as the gender employment gap, are high. Intersectional analysis improves understanding of gender gaps and the measures needed to address them. This paper looks at how gender budgeting can be expanded to include intersectional analysis, allowing for consideration of how gender inequalities intersect with inequalities based on race, socioeconomic class, sexual orientation and disability. It provides examples from governments that have started to incorporate an intersectional approach to gender budgeting. It also highlights the main benefits and challenges associated with intersectional analysis and considers what governments can do to support an intersectional approach to gender budgeting.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 2 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Keywords: Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: This journal article presents a set of high-level good budgeting practices in the health sector. The purpose of these good practices is to support countries in assessing their own budgeting arrangements for health, and in designing budgeting reforms. The article builds on 10 years of work by the OECD Joint Network of Senior Budget and Health Officials.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 3 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 3
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Keywords: Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: This paper, based on preliminary results of the 2023 OECD SBO Survey on Budget Frameworks, takes stock of OECD countries’ practices in top-down and medium-term budgeting. It shows that OECD countries’ fiscal frameworks can be characterised by strong reliance on multiple fiscal rules or objectives for enforcing fiscal discipline, with medium-term and top-down budgeting not used yet to their full potential in some countries. Drawing on the OECD Spending Better Framework, this paper advises that countries that wish to strengthen their fiscal frameworks reinforce the processes and institutions that underpin effective medium-term and top-down budgeting systems. Central to this is producing and publishing more regularly baseline projections of government expenditures and setting credible multi-year expenditure ceilings that serve as stringent guidelines for budget planning, while also allowing for some degree of flexibility under clearly defined conditions.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 3 | volume:23 | year:2023 | number:3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (17 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 3
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2023
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Keywords: Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: For implementing their economic and social policies, governments have traditionally relied on direct spending but increasingly use “non-standard” policy instruments, such as loans and guarantees. However, in many OECD countries, loans and guarantees are not yet submitted to the same scrutiny than direct spending as part of the budget process, and future costs associated with the use of these policy instruments are often not estimated, nor provisioned, making them appear initially costless. In turn, this generates risks of potentially biased budgetary decision making, deviations from medium-term spending plans and limited transparency. Considering experiences of OECD countries, this paper advises that budget offices take a leading role in proposing budgetary treatments for loans and guarantees that ensure an even-level playing field with traditional spending and put considerations of efficiency of spending above optimisation of short-term fiscal outcomes.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783030815042 , 3030815048
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVII, 465 Seiten) , 27 illus.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Remittances as Social Practices and Agents of Change
    DDC: 304.82
    Keywords: Emigration and immigration Social aspects ; Political sociology ; Economics ; Development economics ; Sociology of Migration ; Political Sociology ; Political Economy and Economic Systems ; Development Economics
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031464027 , 3031464028
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XII, 139 Seiten) , 10 illus., 6 illus. in color.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Birch, Kean Data Enclaves
    DDC: 303.483
    Keywords: Science Social aspects ; Economics ; Political science ; Sociology ; Human geography ; Science and Technology Studies ; Political Economy and Economic Systems ; Political Science ; Sociology ; Human Geography
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes key monthly and quarterly indicators in growth rates and levels covering a wide range of areas such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, industrial production, car registrations (transport), construction, consumer and producer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, monetary aggregates and domestic finance, foreign finance, retail and foreign trade, exchange rates and balance of payments.
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  • 47
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1751
    Keywords: Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: The housing sector is one of the main sources of CO2 emissions in OECD countries, accounting for over a quarter of the total. Robust and rapid action is required to reach the net zero emission target by 2050. Decarbonising housing involves halting the use of fossil fuels in homes, ensuring that electricity is generated from carbon-free sources, using high-energy-efficiency appliances and heating systems, ensuring effective insulation and encouraging behavioural changes. This paper discusses which policy instruments can prompt this transformation of the housing sector, ranging from carbon pricing through energy labelling requirements to green housing finance.
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  • 48
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.37
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This policy brief, prepared by the OECD and European Commission, explores the potential of entrepreneurship policy to support the labour market participation of people with disabilities. Disabilities vary widely in type, severity, stability, duration and time of onset, and these characteristics influence individual capacities and willingness to be active in the labour market. Self-employment can be appropriate for some in this population because it can provide more flexibility than paid employment in terms of workload, work schedule and work location, which can allow for better management of disability and lifestyle. This brief provides an overview of the policy rationale for entrepreneurship support for people with disabilities and provides a brief overview of the scale and nature of self-employment activities by people with disabilities and suggests potential actions for governments.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (73 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1760
    Keywords: Economics ; Canada
    Abstract: Canada has an ambitious plan to reduce the economy’s net emissions to zero by 2050. This will require a step change in mitigation action, with deep energy savings and near economy-wide replacement of fossil fuels with clean energy. Achieving this while minimising negative impacts on activity and living standards will be challenging. Canada is already using a range of policy instruments to propel its green transition – including carbon pricing, regulations, investment incentives, and public procurement of green technology. This Paper explores reforms that could make climate policies work better together to lock in both deep emissions reductions and strong economic growth. As with important efforts to prepare communities for the impacts of climate change, Canada’s provinces and territories will play a key role in the country’s green transition.
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  • 52
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1762
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The paper reviews selected implications of trade integration via global value chains (GVC) and identifies gaps in understanding of GVC risks. Despite recent significant progress, many GVC risks remain unknown. The paper also discusses pros and cons of possible strategies to minimise GVC risks and specific measures that are debated in the literature. None of the proposed strategies is a silver bullet and best measures are likely to vary across products and sectors. Most actions to improve resilience lie with firms rather than governments. There is less controversy about governments taking a more proactive role in co-ordinating data collection, analysing GVC risks and collaborating with private firms to promote standards of conduct. In contrast, there is less agreement about governments using financial incentives, regulatory requirements and direct government control to reshape GVCs. Government intervention risks creating costly distortions without minimising economic volatility and improving national security, and making international co-operation regarding social and environmental goals more difficult.
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  • 53
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.150
    Keywords: Industriepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Industrial policy has resurfaced prominently in academic and policy discussions in the wake of major shocks and long-term trends. However, quantifying industrial strategies across countries remains difficult. The ‘Quantifying Industrial Strategies’ (QuIS) project measures industrial policy expenditures by gathering and harmonising publicly available data, based on a new methodology. This report summarises the composition of industrial strategies in the first nine participating countries in terms of expenditures, priorities, and policy instruments for the period 2019-21. The report finds that industrial policies are sizeable, with 1.5% of GDP in grants and tax expenditures, and with an important heterogeneity across countries in terms of strategic priorities; industrial strategies mainly rely on sectoral instruments, representing on average 29% of grants and tax expenditures; and green instruments are important and rose significantly in six out of nine countries between 2019 and 2021.
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  • 54
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economic Policy Papers no.32
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Governments rapidly provided large support to help households and firms face the 2021-22 energy price crisis. Drawing on the OECD Energy Support Measures Tracker and country case studies, this paper documents countries’ policy responses and draws lessons for enhancing countries’ preparedness to future energy price shocks. Support implemented or announced by countries so far has been largely untargeted and often fiscally costly. As such it might add to inflationary pressures and in many cases reduce incentives to save energy and transition away from fossil fuels. Reliance on imported energy, technical obstacles to implement a targeted approach and political economy constraints help explain the type of support countries provided. There is now a case for withdrawing broad-based energy support, given the recent moderation in energy prices and ongoing or planned minimum-wage and welfare-benefit increases to compensate for high inflation. Digitalisation would help improve the quality of support countries can provide to face a future energy or other crisis by speeding up payment delivery and facilitating a more targeted approach based on vulnerability factors beyond low income, such as the inability to renovate an energy-inefficient home. Ensuring that support measures maintain incentives for energy savings and encourage energy diversification, combined with investments to accelerate the green transition, is key to reducing vulnerability to energy price shocks.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Economic Outlook: Statistics and Projections
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE No. 113 (Édition 2023/1)
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: OECD Economic Outlook No. 113 covers annual and quarterly data from 1960 until 2024. The OECD Economic Outlook analyses the major economic trends over the coming years as well as market forecasts and projections. It provides in-depth coverage of the main economic issues and the policy measures required to foster growth in each member country. Forthcoming developments in major non-OECD economies are also evaluated in detail. This database is a comprehensive and consistent macroeconomic database of the OECD economies, covering expenditures, foreign trade, output, labour markets, interest and exchange rates, balance of payments, and government debt. For the non-OECD regions, foreign trade and current account series are available. It also comprises statistics on demand and gross domestic product (GDP), deflators and prices, general government accounts, households and business sectors, labour market, financial data, foreign exchange market, balance of payments, supply block, oil market and other raw materials.
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  • 56
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1755
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Soaring energy prices have raised concerns about the risks energy price shocks pose for firms’ performance and the green transition. This paper estimates the impacts of energy price changes on firms’ productivity as well as their dynamics, distinguishing between the short and medium-to-long term, using historical data. The analysis shows that following an energy price shock, firms adjust down their capacity utilisation, and their productivity declines. The estimates suggest that a 5% increase in energy prices reduces productivity by approximately 0.4% one year later. However, firms may display positive productivity gains in the medium term. Specifically, a shock corresponding to a 10% increase in energy prices is associated with an increase in productivity growth of around 0.9 p.p four years after the shock. These gains are more likely in less energy-intensive sectors, but tend not to materialise for larger shocks. There is some evidence that investment may be the channel behind productivity gains, the latter being larger for firms that had made investments in capital just before the shock.
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  • 57
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Productivity Working Papers no.33
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: This paper describes the methodology used for crosswalking occupation-based measures of Green (“environmentally friendly”) and Brown (“polluting”) jobs from the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system to the International Standard Occupation Classification (ISCO) 08 at the most detailed (4-digit) level. The original, task-based Greenness scores by Vona et al. (2018) are provided at the 8-digit SOC level, and the industry-based Brownness measures are provided in 6-digit SOC. Crosswalking these measures requires several choices in terms of weighting and aggregating, which this paper describes in detail. The robustness of the resulting measures to the different weighting options and underlying assumption is tested using Linked Employer-Employee data from Portugal. An empirical application to the Productivity-Greenness link at the firm level shows the robustness of this link to different weighting choices, and confirms that all of the different measures derived are consistent in measuring the Greenness of jobs.
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes key monthly and quarterly indicators in growth rates and levels covering a wide range of areas such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, industrial production, car registrations (transport), construction, consumer and producer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, monetary aggregates and domestic finance, foreign finance, retail and foreign trade, exchange rates and balance of payments.
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  • 59
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1770
    Keywords: Economics ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: Viet Nam has been quick to recover from the downturns caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, but it faces long-term economic challenges. Boosting labour productivity will be crucial to sustained high economic growth. Attracting further foreign investment and reaping the benefit of advanced technologies will require additional improvements to the business environment through simplifying administrative procedures. Levelling the playing field of competition between state-owned enterprises and private enterprises will also help to maintain Viet Nam's attraction for international investors. The country is already among the leaders of digitalisation in Southeast Asia, with strong adoption of e-commerce, telemedicine and telework. Further investment in digital skills will be key to maintain this momentum. The authorities have committed to net zero carbon emissions by 2050 and are expanding renewable energy generation capacity. A comprehensive decarbonisation plan would facilitate the transition to greener growth.
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264979000 , 9789264390928 , 9789264848375
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Globalisierung ; Kleine Inselentwicklungsländer ; Guadeloupe ; Economics ; Energy ; Development ; France
    Abstract: Located in the Caribbean Sea, Guadeloupe is a French Overseas Department and a European Outermost Region in search of a more sustainable economic development pathway. In support of that endeavour, this Production Transformation Policy Review (PTPR) Spotlight looks at the region's opportunities and challenges, identifying priority actions in several areas, including the bio- and circular economy, creative sectors and renewable energies. The Spotlight enriches our understanding of the diversity of development pathways, including those of Small Island Developing States (SIDS). It is the result of an extensive peer-review process involving public and private stakeholders from Colombia, Caribbean countries and other EU outermost regions.
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  • 61
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2023/05
    Keywords: Economics ; Employment ; Canada ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: This paper estimates the data intensity of occupations/sectors (i.e. the share of job postings per occupation/sector related to the production of data) using natural language processing (NLP) on job advertisements in the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States. Online job advertisement data collected by Lightcast provide timely and disaggregated insights into labour demand and skill requirements of different professions. The paper makes three major contributions. First, indicators created from the Lightcast data add to the understanding of digital skills in the labour market. Second, the results may advance the measurement of data assets in national account statistics. Third, the NLP methodology can handle up to 66 languages and can be adapted to measure concepts beyond digital skills. Results provide a ranking of data intensity across occupations, with data analytics activities contributing most to aggregate data intensity shares in all three countries. At the sectoral level, the emerging picture is more heterogeneous across countries. Differences in labour demand primarily explain those variations, with low data-intensive professions contributing most to aggregate data intensity in the United Kingdom. Estimates of investment in data, using a sum of costs approach and sectoral intensity shares, point to lower levels in the United Kingdom and Canada than in the United States.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes key monthly and quarterly indicators in growth rates and levels covering a wide range of areas such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, industrial production, car registrations (transport), construction, consumer and producer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, monetary aggregates and domestic finance, foreign finance, retail and foreign trade, exchange rates and balance of payments.
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  • 63
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2023/03
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Trade in value added (TiVA) indicators are increasingly used to monitor countries' integration into global supply chains. However, they are published with a significant lag - often two or three years - which reduces their relevance for monitoring recent economic developments. This paper aims to provide more timely insights into the international fragmentation of production by exploring new ways of nowcasting five TiVA indicators for the years 2021 and 2022 covering a panel of 41 economies at the economy-wide level and for 24 industry sectors. The analysis relies on a range of models, including Gradient boosted trees (GBM), and other machine-learning techniques, in a panel setting, uses a wide range of explanatory variables capturing domestic business cycles and global economic developments and corrects for publication lags to produce nowcasts in quasi-real time conditions. Resulting nowcasting algorithms significantly improve compared to the benchmark model and exhibit relatively low prediction errors at a one- and two-year horizon, although model performance varies across countries and sectors.
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes key monthly and quarterly indicators in growth rates and levels covering a wide range of areas such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, industrial production, car registrations (transport), construction, consumer and producer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, monetary aggregates and domestic finance, foreign finance, retail and foreign trade, exchange rates and balance of payments.
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  • 66
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.139
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finland
    Abstract: This report analyses the trends in Finnish productivity growth over the 2000s and 2010s. It describes its key features, makes comparisons to a benchmark of 16 OECD countries, and studies the causes of its sudden and prolonged slowdown which began at the end of the 2000s. The analysis focuses on the role of two contemporaneous demand shocks that hit the Finnish economy: the Nokia crisis and the Great Trade Collapse of 2009. Matching detailed firm-based information on structural characteristics of productivity growth with global input-output tables and National Accounts data, the report highlights how the prolonged drop in demand from the domestic computer and electronics sector may have induced a persistent drag on Finnish productivity growth. The report concludes with policy implications to strengthen Finnish resilience to idiosyncratic shocks to key sectors or large firms, while supporting long-term productivity growth and competitiveness.
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 68
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.142
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Policy makers are increasingly grappling with the stability implications of global value chains (GVCs), as widespread supply shortages following the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian Federation’s large-scale aggression against Ukraine have disrupted the economic recovery and contributed to high inflation. This paper provides a tool to assess vulnerabilities in GVCs by drawing a detailed map of dependencies based on new indicators constructed from the OECD Inter-Country Input-Output tables. The key findings are as follows. First, GVC dependencies increase with both the size of foreign exposures and the length of foreign value chains. Second, in some industries, such as the automotive and ICT industries, vulnerabilities from high GVC dependence are amplified by high geographic concentration of suppliers or buyers. Third, the People’s Republic of China is the most critical choke point in GVCs across a broad range of industries, both as a dominant supplier and as a dominant buyer.
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  • 69
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2023/01
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics
    Abstract: This paper discusses the sensitivity of capital and multifactor productivity (MFP) measurement to asset depreciation patterns and initial capital stock estimates. Applying the same depreciation rates in the US as in other G7 countries would reduce the US net investment rate and net capital stock by up to one third and increase US GDP by up to 0.5%. Capital and MFP growth would be less affected. Estimating initial capital stocks often involves assuming constant investment growth, but this leads to unreliable results. Relying on average K/Y ratios across countries works well for the US, but this might not be the case for other countries due to the international dispersion in K/Y ratios. Two main recommendations for statistical agencies emerge from this analysis. First, they should regularly review asset depreciation patterns to ensure that measured differences across countries are well justified. Second, they should backcast investment series as much as possible before relying on stationarity assumptions to estimate initial capital stocks.
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  • 70
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Fiscal Federalism no.42
    Keywords: Finanzpolitik ; Geldpolitik ; Öffentliche Finanzen ; Gemeindefinanzen ; Länderfinanzen ; Kriegsfolgen ; Energiepreis ; Inflation ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Economics
    Abstract: Less than two years after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, Russia’s illegal, unprovoked and unjustifiable war of aggression against Ukraine has triggered the biggest military confrontation in Europe since World War II. Many OECD countries have reacted to Russia’s aggression by providing military and humanitarian aid to Ukraine and by imposing economic sanctions on Russia, which has accentuated supply chain disruptions, especially in the energy sector. A combination of these supply shocks with a demand shock caused by expansionary fiscal and monetary policies to tackle the pandemic has created inflationary pressures on a scale not seen in decades. Central banks around the world are acting to fulfil their price stability mandates by increasing interest rates and by engaging in quantitative tightening (primarily the selling of government bonds to reduce central bank balance sheets), all of which put pressure on borrowing costs at a time when governments are engaging in expansionary fiscal policy to alleviate the impact of inflation. The objective of this policy note is to examine the main consequences of this challenging environment for the fiscal stance of different levels of governments. These include the weakening outlook for government revenues in times of high expenditure pressures from a more rapid energy transition as well as high borrowing costs.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1754
    Keywords: Klimaneutralität ; Klimapolitik ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Tschechien ; Economics ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: The Czech economy is very carbon-intensive and has among the highest greenhouse gas emissions per unit of GDP in the OECD. Getting on the path towards net zero will require rapid emission reductions over the coming decades. Coal still makes up close to one third of the energy supply and the government has pledged to phase it out by 2033, which will require a swift expansion in the use of renewable energy sources as well as increased energy efficiency. This can be achieved by adopting a comprehensive policy package that includes widely applied carbon pricing, incentives to raise energy efficiency, spending on renewable energy and cutting red tape hindering green investments. Compensating policies and adjustment support will be essential to mitigate the socio-economic impacts of climate policies and to increase public support. Active labour market policies including higher spending on re-training for the unemployed is key to facilitate the green transition.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes key monthly and quarterly indicators in growth rates and levels covering a wide range of areas such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, industrial production, car registrations (transport), construction, consumer and producer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, monetary aggregates and domestic finance, foreign finance, retail and foreign trade, exchange rates and balance of payments.
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  • 73
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1757
    Keywords: Economics ; Greece
    Abstract: A changing climate is threatening livelihoods and economic activity in Greece and the world. Transitioning to a green economy – mitigating the causes of climate change and adapting to its effects, while sustaining activity and improving well-being – is among the greatest policy challenges of the coming decades. In Greece, legacies of high emission intensity, limited fiscal space and scarce private financing amplify the challenge. Greening Greece’s energy system is at the core of this transition. This entails swiftly developing its large potential for renewable energies and adapting energy consuming sectors. A well-chosen mix of policies – including carbon pricing, public infrastructure investments, and gradually tightening regulations on minimum energy efficiency standards, while providing financial support and protecting vulnerable households – would minimise the cost of this transition. Developing insurance coverage can better protect households and firms from damages resulting from a warming climate, while limiting fiscal exposure. Engaging all stakeholders and supporting those affected by the transition will help build the consensus for implementing these policies into the long-term.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility ; Unternehmenspolitik ; Kriegsfolgen ; Ukraine ; Russland ; Economics
    Abstract: Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has had devastating impacts on the people of Ukraine. The consequences stemming from the war have imperilled the world's economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and are reshaping and disrupting global supply chains, with ramifications for food security, energy, and other critical sectors. The war has also put a spotlight on the role of businesses operating in the region, facing heightened challenges in maintaining responsible business conduct (RBC) in high-risk settings. In this highly dynamic context, businesses should consider risks of being linked or contributing to adverse impacts on people, planet and society via their operations or business relationships. This note takes stock of how Russia’s war against Ukraine has had an impact on and shaped considerations for RBC.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 77
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.40
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services ; United Arab Emirates
    Abstract: Strengthening the performance and economic contribution of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) and start-ups is central to Abu Dhabi’s goal of creating a more diversified and competitive economy. This report provides an assessment of policies, programmes and regulations relating to MSME and start-up development in Abu Dhabi. The assessment is structured around six thematic areas: i) access to finance, ii) the availability of skills and capabilities, iii) access to markets, iv) the business environment, v) innovation and digitalisation, and vi) future opportunities for MSME and start-up development. For each thematic area, an analysis of existing issues, challenges and policy approaches is provided, in addition to policy recommendations and relevant examples of international policy practices. The report was prepared by the OECD Secretariat and external experts based on information gathered by the OECD in Abu Dhabi in the form of written documentation, questionnaire responses, stakeholder interviews and roundtable meetings as well as desk research on policy practices in other countries.
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  • 78
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1759
    Keywords: Economics ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: The shrinking number of workers due to smaller young cohorts entering the labour market and large-scale outward migration are undermining Bulgaria’s growth prospects, the sustainability of its social institutions and society more widely. Bulgaria needs to provide more support for families and make staying in the country more attractive by raising productivity, fostering the creation of more good-quality formal jobs and reinforcing the social safety net. Bulgarian women have high activity rates, a high share in management jobs and a low wage gap with men, but all this translates into high opportunity costs for educated women of having children. Policies, including access to affordable quality childcare countrywide, more egalitarian burden sharing with men and greater incentives to get back to work, would help reduce those costs. Women from disadvantaged backgrounds should be offered a career path through upgrading skills and lifelong learning. Inactivity rates among the working age population should be addressed by reforms to the social welfare system that would improve activation and through targeted measures. Vulnerable groups, including ethnic minorities, are disadvantaged in multiple ways and need tailored measures to escape poverty, acquire skills and integrate into the labour market.
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  • 79
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1763
    Keywords: Employment ; Economics
    Abstract: The need to rapidly decarbonise economies raises questions about whether countries’ workforces possess the requisite skills to achieve the net zero transition as well as the capacity to redeploy workers from “brown” to “green” jobs. This paper applies a task-based framework to granular data from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) and country-specific employment sources to generate new indicators of the green skills structure of labour markets for a large number of OECD countries and non-OECD EU countries. Significant cross-country differences emerge in the underlying supply of green skill and the potential of economies to reallocate brown job workers to green jobs within their broad occupation categories. In a majority of detailed brown occupations, workers have in principle the necessary skills to transition to green jobs, with the exception of those in production occupations, who may require more extensive re-skilling. In contrast, workers from most highly automatable occupations are generally not found to have the sufficient skills to transition to green jobs, suggesting more limited scope for the net-zero transition to reinstate labour displaced by automation.
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Fiscal Federalism no.44
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Economics
    Abstract: This paper investigates the role of fiscal federalism in driving ecological transition, a key challenge in the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals agenda. The ecological transition seeks a sustainable society that prioritises natural resource preservation and reduces environmental impacts. The study investigates the link between fiscal federalism institutions and ecological transition policies, focusing on regional and local governments’ role in implementing environmental goals. Despite subnational governments’ commitment to green objectives, comprehensive plan implementation has been limited due to local governments’ incentive schemes and capacity constraints. The paper examines the potential of fiscal federalism institutions, such as fiscal rules, transfers and capacity-building programs, to support ecological transition policies. The research emphasises engaging regional and local governments in the green agenda and highlights the need for tailored approaches in multi-level fiscal governance to effectively achieve environmental goals. By investigating fiscal federalism’s potential contribution to ecological transition, the paper offers valuable insights for policymakers addressing environmental challenges through a multi-level governance approach.
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  • 81
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1758
    Keywords: Economics ; Costa Rica
    Abstract: Education and training are a high priority for Costa Rica that devotes to them more than 6.5% of GDP, one of the highest spending shares among OECD countries. However, educational outcomes remain poor and firms struggle to fill their vacancies, particularly in technical and scientific positions, which may endanger Costa Rica’s capacity to keep attracting foreign direct investment. Its complex fiscal situation requires Costa Rica to improve efficiency and quality of public spending in education to better support growth and equity. There is a fundamental need to improve the quality of early and general basic education to avoid that too many Costa Ricans leave education too early and without the skills needed to find a formal job. This requires a more targeted support to students with learning gaps, improving teachers’ selection and training and expanding access to early education. Revisiting the university funding mechanism will improve its accountability and can help increase the number of graduates in scientific areas. Reforms in vocational education may increase the supply of high-quality technicians, which will reduce existing skills mismatches and help more Costa Ricans access better-paid formal jobs.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Papers no.49
    Keywords: Economics ; Development ; Agriculture and Food ; France ; Portugal ; Spain
    Abstract: This paper provides an overview of agro-food value chains in the EU Outermost Regions (EU ORs). It assesses emerging trends, discusses opportunities and challenges, reviews the policy frameworks and tools that can strengthen the beneficial participation of EU ORs in international agro-food value chains, and proposes priority actions. The paper is developed within the framework of the EU-OECD project on Global Outermost Regions.
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  • 83
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Briefs no.1
    Keywords: Economics ; Energy ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Stimulus packages adopted following the COVID-19 pandemic – such as the US Inflation Reduction Act and NextGenerationEU - have been presented as an opportunity to "build back better" and accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy while re-igniting the economy. But this revival of industrial policy has also raised concerns about the potential for a global green subsidy war. OECD analysed funding measures worth USD 1.3 trillion announced around the world in 2020-21 to support development and diffusion of low-carbon technologies. These measures can trigger substantial greenhouse gas emissions reductions while boosting the growth of the clean tech sector in all regions and reducing dependence over fossil fuel imports. This policy brief summarises key findings from our analysis and offers additional recommendations to policymakers.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes main economic indicators covering a wide range of areas, such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, retail sales, industrial production, construction, consumer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, money and domestic finance, foreign finance, foreign trade, and balance of payments. Data are available from 1955 onwards.
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  • 85
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.43
    Keywords: Economics ; Energy ; Industry and Services ; Environment
    Abstract: This paper takes stock of one year of policy responses to the 2022/2023 energy crisis triggered by Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine from the perspective of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In this paper, "SME policy responses" are defined as all government policies, whether SME-specific or not, which have lowered or affected in other way the price of electricity and natural gas paid by SMEs. The paper discusses three broad policy categories and related approaches implemented across countries: price-support measures; income-support measures; and complementary policies fostering the green transition. Overall, while emergency measures were initially centred on energy-intensive sectors, a larger number of SMEs was eventually covered as governments ramped up the scale and scope of their action due to the protraction of the Russian war in Ukraine. Going forward, as wholesale energy prices return to pre-war levels, price-support measures should be withdrawn. Income support could be used in some cases to help companies deal with still high retail energy prices, but the main policy focus should shift towards measures that improve the energy efficiency and environmental performance of SMEs.
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  • 86
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (73 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1768
    Keywords: Economics ; Germany
    Abstract: Germany intends to reach climate neutrality in 2045, tripling the speed of emission reductions that was achieved between 1990 and 2019. Soaring energy prices and the need to replace Russian energy imports have amplified the urgency to act. Various policy adjustments are needed to ensure implementation and achieve the transition to net zero cost-effectively. Lengthy planning and approval procedures risk slowing the expansion of renewables, while fossil fuel subsidies and generous tax exemptions limit the effectiveness of environmental policies. Germany should continue to rely on carbon pricing as a keystone of its mitigation strategy and aim to harmonise prices across sectors and make them more predictable. Carbon prices will be more effective if complemented by well-designed sectoral regulations and subsidies, especially for boosting green R&D, expanding sustainable transport and electricity network infrastructure, and decarbonising the housing sector. Subsidies for mature technologies and specific industries should be gradually phased out. Using carbon tax revenue to compensate low-income households and improve the quality of active labour market policies would help to support growth and ensure that the transition does not weaken social cohesion.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.36
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The "OECD Financing SMEs and Entrepreneurs Scoreboard: 2023 Highlights" document SME and entrepreneurship financing trends, conditions and policy developments. The report provides official data on SME financing in close to 50 countries, including indicators on debt, equity, asset-based finance and financing conditions. Data for 2021 are complemented by available information for 2022, along with demand-side information and recent developments in public policy and private initiatives to support SME finance. Findings reveal that most economies showed the beginnings of a dynamic recovery from the COVID-19 crisis in 2021. However, data available for 2022 point to a deterioration in a number of SME finance indicators, due to high inflation and rising interest rates, exacerbated by the effects of Russia's war against Ukraine. These factors are impacting the accessibility and cost of debt finance for SMEs, and foreshadow a slowdown in lending. Likewise, equity finance showed a significant decline in 2022. In this context, governments should continue to foster the diversification of SME financing instruments and channels to enable them to build resilience and undertake crucial investments, such as those in digitalisation and greening.
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  • 88
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1749
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper reviews different methods for assessing and comparing across countries the impact of climate change mitigation policies and policy packages on emissions. Broadening and deepening past and recent mitigation policies’ stocktaking efforts, as well as mapping them to their emission base, is key to comparing pricing and non-pricing policies and feed comparable information to ex-post empirical and ex-ante analytical models. Ex-post empirical approaches can provide benchmark estimates of policies' effectiveness from past data and furnish key parameter estimates to calibrate ex-ante analytical models (partial equilibrium, general equilibrium and integrated assessment models). Moreover, they can complement ex-ante analytical models by empirically validating their assumptions and informing models’ choices. Ex-ante analytical modelling are well suited to provide long-term forward-looking projections also on yet-to-be implemented policies. Sector specific models, such as energy system models, are well suited for a granular assessment of the impact on emissions of a wide range of price- and non-price-based policies. Outputs from the ex-ante sector-specific models can then feed into a Computable General Equilibrium model to quantify the effect of individual policies and policy packages on emissions, taking into account second order effects and reducing the risk of double counting the effect of policies.
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  • 89
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.147
    Keywords: Stahlindustrie ; Subvention ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report analyses subsidies provided to steel producers by examining firm-level data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and conducting desk research. It reveals that subsidy trends persist even in the face of existing overcapacity. Between 2008 and 2020, steel companies in partner economies obtained an average of 10.7 times more subsidies per crude steel production capacity unit than their counterparts in OECD countries. These subsidies took the form of cash grants, cash awards, and cost reimbursements. The report also finds that the national context significantly influences a jurisdiction's inclination to support its steel sector and the transparency of such subsidies. Some jurisdictions have prioritised the growth of their domestic steel industry by establishing firm goals for crude steel production, export, or concentration. Meanwhile, others have engaged in international collaboration to address global challenges related to the decarbonisation of the steel industry.
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  • 90
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1756
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Economics
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant shift in the way people work, with an increasing number of individuals opting to work from home. Fewer commutes allow people to live further away from the city centre, where jobs typically concentrate. Against this background, this paper tests the hypothesis of a shift in housing demand away from the city centre towards the suburbs using a novel granular house price data set covering 16 OECD countries. The results indicate a flattening of the house price gradients in most large urban areas with profound consequences for housing policies and the city of the future.
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing.
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Main Economic Indicators
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This dataset includes key monthly and quarterly indicators in growth rates and levels covering a wide range of areas such as quarterly national accounts, business surveys, industrial production, car registrations (transport), construction, consumer and producer prices, total employment, unemployment rates, interest rates, monetary aggregates and domestic finance, foreign finance, retail and foreign trade, exchange rates and balance of payments.
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.41
    Keywords: KMU ; Einzelhandel ; Online-Handel ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Digitalisation has triggered a profound transformation of the retail sector, primarily composed of SMEs. While retail businesses are embracing more hybrid practices of managing online and brick-and-mortar channels, getting more traditional SME retailers fit for the hybrid era could open up new opportunities, with far reaching implications on the local economy. Through a novel survey conducted in six OECD countries (France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, and Spain) in co-operation with e-commerce platforms, this report provides new insights to better understand retail SMEs’ perceived advantages and challenges of operating online sales through these platforms, with a particular spotlight on hybrid SME retailers.
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  • 93
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.273
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Außenhandel ; Internationale Wirtschaft ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Welt ; Economics ; Trade
    Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the evolving nature of digital trade and digital trade policies. It shows that digital trade has been growing faster than “non-digital” trade. By 2018, 24% of global trade (USD 5.1 trillion) could be considered digital trade. In parallel, countries have embraced digital trade provisions in trade agreements and new digital economy agreements have emerged. The empirical analysis shows that growing digital connectivity delivers a double dividend, increasing both domestic and international trade. It also shows that digital trade chapters have the potential to double the effect of trade agreements, while reductions in domestic barriers affecting digital trade have a strong export-enhancing effect, particularly in digitally-deliverable services. Overall, the results suggest that digital connectivity and digital trade policies play a significant and growing role in reducing trade costs and increasing trade across countries at all levels of development. The paper calls for wider participation and ambition in discussions at the WTO.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264572225 , 9789264361850 , 9789264433472
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (182 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Studies
    Keywords: Ländliche Industrie ; Slowenien ; Deutschland ; Italien ; Frankreich ; Ländlicher Raum ; Economics ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Governance
    Abstract: The Future of Rural Manufacturing provides insights on the transformations that have occurred in manufacturing across rural regions in recent decades. It describes opportunities and challenges in this context, highlighting those relating to climate and demographic change and digitalisation, as well as shifting patterns in globalisation. With support from the European Commission, the project combines a wide range of both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The former examines broad trends in manufacturing performance across OECD rural (TL3) regions between 2000 and 2019, with deeper dives that draw on more granular microdata in 14 OECD countries. Case studies were conducted across 12 regions in Slovenia, Germany, Italy, and France. They comprised interviews with over 300 local, regional, and national actors across government, private sector, universities, research institutes, NGOs and non-profit community organisations. The project also benefited from foresight and futures workshops conducted in January and July 2022 with experts and policymakers across OECD countries.
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  • 95
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2023/04
    Keywords: Economics ; Energy ; Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: The shipping industry is essential for international trade, but it is also an important source of CO2 emissions. To make progress towards climate targets, countries need to monitor CO2 emissions from vessels owned by their ship operator companies. However, most shipping activity takes place outside national borders, making it more difficult to monitor than activity taking place within countries. The OECD's experimental database on OECD.stat provides a new source of data for CO2 emissions from global shipping, which is available monthly in near real time. This data will help national statistics producers to compile their Air Emission Accounts (AEAs) for the System of Environmental Economic Accounting (SEEA). This Working Paper presents some initial results from the new data source and describes how they were produced. The method is based on granular and timely ship-level data provided by the United Nations Global Platform, and it uses a bottom-up estimation approach to produce results broken down by country and type of ship.
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1764
    Keywords: Economics ; Poland
    Abstract: A competition-friendly business regulatory environment is essential for the well-functioning of markets. It ensures that important policy goals are addressed, and market failures tackled. However, regulation can also create barriers to the entry and expansion of firms that may limit and distort competition and hinder the efficient allocation of resources, negatively affecting productivity and growth. Some of these barriers are necessary, but others may go beyond what is needed to address the policy objectives and the market failure(s) regulation is intended to solve. This paper relies on the last vintage of the Product Market Regulation indicators to determine to what extent Poland's National Recovery and Resilience Plan aims to create a more competition-friendly business environment. The analysis suggests that only a limited number of the measures included in the Plan may address regulatory weaknesses identified by these indicators. Therefore, the paper suggests OECD best practices that the country could consider to remove unnecessary regulatory barriers and boost the benefits that the investments envisaged in the Plan could bring about.
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1769
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The increase in institutional ownership, the shift towards passive portfolio management and the rise of common ownership have transformed OECD countries financial markets in the last decades. The paper investigates the potential consequences of these transformations on firm's productivity, using granular data on firms financial and ownership structure as well as a variety of econometric methods. The analysis suggests that the rise of institutional investors is overall not a major concern from a productivity standpoint: firms displaying higher institutional ownership tend to have higher productivity levels and growth rates compared to their peers, though the positive relationship tends to vanish when institutional investors' time horizon is short. Moreover, inter-industry common ownership is related to higher firm-level productivity and this positive relation is stronger for firms operating in intangible-intensive and digital sectors, potentially hinting to an easing of vertical relationships and/or technological spillovers when firms operating in different sectors are owned by the same equity holders. On the contrary, the correlation with intra-industry common ownership appears negative, though not always significantly, potentially due to lower competition.
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (27 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1766
    Keywords: Economics ; Slovenia
    Abstract: This paper provides evidence on the impact of digitalisation on productivity in Slovenia during the COVID-19 crisis. The pandemic affected overall labour productivity negatively. Nonetheless, results show that firms that were more ICT-intensive before the pandemic experienced a smaller decline in their labour productivity growth compared to their less ICT-intensive peers in the same 2-digit level sector. This resilience effect was strongest for firms that are integrated in global value chains. A second finding is that COVID-19 resulted in productivity-enhancing reallocation of labour to ICT-intensive firms, reflecting that these firms registered higher employment growth relative to their less ICT-intensive peers during the pandemic. A third finding is that high levels of state ownership in a sector was associated with less productivity-enhancing reallocation. This suggests that state-owned enterprises retained workers that could be redirected to more productive firms. Together, these findings highlight the potential of digitalisation to support resilience and stronger productivity growth, although labour market rigidities and state ownership hamper the positive impact of digitalisation.
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  • 99
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (95 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.44
    Keywords: Economics ; United States
    Abstract: This paper analyses persistence and change in the regional league table of entrepreneurship performance in the United States in comparison with England and Wales and West Germany. It examines whether regional rankings in start-up and self-employment rates in the United States are as sticky over time as in these European countries over approximately century, half-century and 30-year periods, or whether the United States is different. It identifies the types of regions that improve markedly ("leapfroggers") or decline sharply ("plungers") in their league table positions and the reasons for these changes and compares the countries on these issues. The paper draws out policy implications on regional levelling-up of entrepreneurship activity. It also sets out an agenda for further research.
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2023/01
    Keywords: Economics ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The COVID 19 pandemic has inflicted a series of shocks on the global economy, not least impacting global trade and investment. During the same time, several countries adopted new foreign direct investment (FDI) related policies. This paper presents novel preliminary evidence on the effects of these new FDI policies and COVID-19-related supply-chain disruptions on cross-border investment. It employs, among others, granular data on FDI policies and investment projects undertaken in a wide range of sectors in 175 host economies worldwide by investors from 46 home countries. It finds that a combination of FDI policies and COVID-19-related measures has a statistically significant and economically meaningful negative effect on the probability of a new cross-border greenfield investment project occurring during the sample period. The effect is the strongest in sectors with high R&D intensity.
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