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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (43)
  • BVB
  • MARKK
  • English  (43)
  • Cham : Imprint: Springer  (41)
  • Berlin : Springer  (2)
  • Science—Philosophy.
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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (43)
  • BVB
  • MARKK
  • BSZ  (42)
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  • English  (43)
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9783031132766
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIX, 317 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Artificial intelligence—Data processing. ; Botany. ; Science ; Artificial intelligence
    Abstract: Introduction: Towards responsible plant data linkage -- Part I: Experiences from the Trenches -- Between Subsistence and Agronomy: Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) on Famine Foods -- Managing Data in Crop Breeding: A Hundred Year Challenge -- Data, Duplication, and the Decentralisation of Crop Collections -- Data Management in a Multi-Disciplinary African RTB Crop Breeding Program -- Part II: Technical Challenges of Data Linkage -- Challenges to Data Linkage in Plants: Two Parables from the Pea -- From Farm to FAIR: The Trials of Linking and Sharing Wheat Research Data -- Plant Scientific Data Integration, From Building Community Standards to Defining a Consistent Data Lifecycle -- Part III: Governance Challenges of Data Linkage Spinning the Agricultural Data Web -- Creating a Digital Marketplace for Agrobiodiversity and Plant Genetic Sequence Data: Legal and Ethical Considerations of an AI and Blackchain Based Solution -- Digital Sequence Information and Genetic Resources: Global Policy Meets Interoperability -- Collaboration in Crop Diversity Management: A Pragmatist Approach to Data Sharing -- Part IV: Social Challenges of Data Linkage -- The Research Data Alliance Interest Group on Agricultural Data: Supporting a Global Community of Practice -- Ethical and Legal Considerations in Smart Farming: A Farmer’s Perspective -- Responsibility Beyond Ethics and Infrastructures: Conceptual and Normative Considerations for Plant Data Linkage and Agriculture.
    Abstract: This open access book provides the first systematic overview of existing challenges and opportunities for responsible data linkage, and a cutting-edge assessment of which steps need to be taken to ensure that plant data are ethically shared and used for the benefit of ensuring global food security – one of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. The volume focuses on the contemporary contours of such challenges through sustained engagement with current and historical initiatives and discussion of best practices and prospective future directions for ensuring responsible plant data linkage. The volume is divided into four sections that include case studies of plant data use and linkage in the context of particular research projects, breeding programs, and historical research. It address technical challenges of data linkage in developing key tools, standards and infrastructures, and examines governance challenges of data linkage in relation to socioeconomic and environmental research and data collection. Finally, the last section addresses issues raised by new data production and linkage methods for the inclusion of agriculture’s diverse stakeholders. This book brings together leading experts in data curation, data governance and data studies from a variety of fields, including data science, plant science, agricultural research, science policy, data ethics and the philosophy, history and social studies of plant science.
    Note: Open Access
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9783031266188
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 332 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 472
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Molecules—Models. ; Astronomy—Observations. ; Astronomy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Molecules ; Science ; Astronomy
    Abstract: 1. Introduction (Vera Matarese, Siska De Baerdemaeker, and Nora Mills Boyd) -- Part I: Theory, Observation, and the Relation Between Them. 2. Laboratory Astrophysics: Lessons for Epistemology of Astrophysics (Nora Mills Boyd) -- 3. A Crack in the Track of the Hubble Constant (Marie Gueguen) -- 4. Theory Testing in Gravitational-Wave Astrophysics (Jamee Elder) -- 5. Hybrid Enrichment of Theory and Observation in Next-Generation Stellar Population Synthesis (Lydia Patton) -- 6. Doing More with Less: Dark Matter & Modified Gravity (Niels C. M. Martens and Martin King) -- Part II: Models and Simulations. 7. Stellar Structure Models Revisited: Evidence and Data in Asteroseismology (Mauricio Suárez) -- 8. Idealizations in Astrophysical Computer Simulations (Melissa Jacquart and Regy-Null R. Arcadia) -- 9. Simulation Verification in Practice (Kevin Kadowaki) -- 10. (What) Do We Learn from Code Comparisons? A Case Study of Self-Interacting Dark Matter Implementations (Helen Meskhidze) -- 11. Simulation and Experiment Revisited: Temporal Data in Astronomy and Astrophysics (Shannon Sylvie Abelson) -- 12. What’s In a Survey? Simulation-Induced Selection Effects in Astronomy (Sarah C. Gallagher and Christopher Smeenk) -- Part III: Black Holes. 13. On the Epistemology of Observational Black Hole Astrophysics (Juliusz Doboszewski and Dennis Lehmkuhl) -- 14. Black Holes and Analogy (Alex Mathie) -- 15. Extragalactic Reality Revisited: Astrophysics and Entity Realism (Simon Allzén) -- Part IV: Concluding Thoughts. 16. Reflections by a Theoretical Astrophysicist (Kevin Heng) -- 17. Annotated Bibliography (Cameron C. Yetman).
    Abstract: This is an open access book. This book, the first edited collection of its kind, explores the recent emergence of philosophical research in astrophysics. It assembles a variety of original essays from scholars who are currently shaping this field, and it combines insightful overviews of the current state of play with novel, significant contributions. It therefore provides an ideal source for understanding the current debates in philosophy of astrophysics, and it offers new ideas for future cutting-edge research. The selection of essays offered in this book addresses methodological and metaphysical questions that target a wide range of topics, including dark matter, black holes, astrophysical observations and modelling. The book serves as the first standard resource in philosophy of astrophysics for all scholars who work in the field and want to expand or deepen their knowledge, but it also provides an accessible guide for all those philosophers and scientists who are interested in getting a first, basic understanding of the main issues in philosophy of astrophysics.
    Note: Open Access
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031280429
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XI, 202 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Library 7
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Analysis (Philosophy). ; Pragmatism. ; Metaphysics. ; Science
    Abstract: Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: On the Viennese Background of Harvard Neopragmatism: Logical Empiricism between Pragmatism and Neopragmatism -- Chapter 3: Brandom on Pragmatism -- Chapter 4: Pragmatic Realism, Idealism, and Pluralism: A Rescherian Balance? -- Chapter 5: “Languaged” World, “Worlded” Language: On Margolis’s Pragmatic Integration of Realism and Idealism -- Chapter 6: The Will to Believe, Epistemic Virtue, and Holistic Transcendental Pragmatism -- Chapter 7: Toward a Pragmatist Metaphysics of the Fact-Value Entanglement: Emergence or Continuity? -- Chapter 8: Finnish Versions of Pragmatist Humanism: Eino Kaila and Georg Henrik von Wright as Quasi-Pragmatists -- Chapter 9: A New Look at Wittgenstein and Pragmatism.
    Abstract: The essays collected in this volume and authored by Sami Pihlström emphasize that our relation to the world we live in and seek to represent and get to know better through our practices of conceptualization and inquiry is irreducibly valuational. There is no way of even approaching, let alone resolving, the philosophical issue of realism without drawing due attention to the ways in which human values are inextricably entangled with even the most purely “factual” projects of inquiry we engage in. This entanglement of the factual and the normative is, as explicitly argued in Chapter 7 but implicitly suggested in all the other chapters as well, both pragmatic (practice-embedded and practice-involving) and transcendental (operating at the level of the necessary conditions for the possibility of our representing and cognizing the world in general). The author claims we need to carefully examine the complex relations of realism, value, and transcendental arguments at the intersection of pragmatism and analytic philosophy. This book does so by offering case-studies of various important neopragmatists and philosophers close to the pragmatist tradition, including Hilary Putnam, Nicholas Rescher, Joseph Margolis, and Ludwig Wittgenstein. It appeals to scholars and advanced graduate students focusing on pragmatism and analytic philosophy.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031300028
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIX, 515 p. 10 illus., 6 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: The International Library of Bioethics 104
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Bioethics. ; Science
    Abstract: Part 1: MAID in Law and Regulations -- Chapter 1. Radical Autonomy in Supreme Court of Canada Jurisprudence (Dylan McGuinty) -- Chapter 2. Carter v Canada: Exploring the Ebb and Flow of “Competing” Societal Values (Mary J Shariff) -- Chapter 3. From a Court Judgment to Federal Law (Travis Dumsday) -- Chapter 4. “We Should Not Lightly Assume”: A Review of Legislative, Regulatory and Jurisprudential Developments of MAID Safeguards (David W. Shannon) -- Chapter 5. F“Reasonably Foreseeable Natural Death” Requirement in Bill C-7, and Expressivist Harm (Jonas-Sébastien Beaudry) -- Part 2: Operational Issues in the MAID program -- Chapter 6. Medical Assistance in Dying Step-by-Step: Processes and Challenges (Alireza Bagheri) -- Chapter 7. Monitoring of MAID: Deficits of Transparency and Accountability (Jaro Kotalik) -- Chapter 8. CFederal Annual Reports on MAID: Informative but Incomplete Picture (Jaro Kotalik) -- Chapter 9. Organ Donation after Medical Assistance in Dying (Ryan Tonkens) -- Chapter 10. Medical Practice in Presence of MAID (Amy Hendricks) -- Part 3: Palliative Care and MAID -- Chapter 11. Palliative Care: Captive and Casualty of Carter v Canada? (Mary J Shariff) -- Chapter 12. Palliative Care and Medical Assistance in Dying (Leonie Herx) -- Chapter 13. Suffering as a Criterion for Medical Assistance in Dying (John F. Scott) -- Chapter 14. The Assessment and Relief of Suffering in the Shadow of MAID (John F. Scott) -- Part 4:Mental Disorders and MAID -- Chapter 15. Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) and Suicide: A community perspective (Mara Grunau) -- Chapter 16. Unbalanced: Mental Illness, MAID, and Medico-Legal Principles (David W. Shannon) -- Chapter 17. MAID for Persons with Mental Illness as a Sole Eligibility Criterion (Sephora Tang) -- Chapter 18. MAID for Mental Illness: What Exactly is Being Consented To? (John Maher) -- Part 5: Disability Perspectives, Human Rights and MAID -- Chapter 19. MAID to Die by Medical and Systemic Ableism (Heidi Janz) -- Chapter 20. Assisted Life Before Assisted Death: Disability Discomfort Regarding MAID (Tim Stainton) -- Chapter 21. Implementing Medical Assistance in Dying in Canada: Implications for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (William F. Sullivan) -- Chapter 22. The Psychosocial Aspects of Adapting to Traumatic Non-Life-Threatening Disability (Irmo Marini) -- Chapter 23. Canada’s Medical Assistance in Dying Law and the Rights to Life and Equality at International Law (Roberto Lattanzio) -- Part 6: Social and Cultural Issues of the MAID Programme -- Chapter 24. Examining Indigenous Perspectives on Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) (Dwight Newman) -- Chapter 25. Patient Physician Relationship and MAID: Trust and Autonomy (Louisa Pedri) -- Chapter 26. The Importance of Conscience as an Independent Freedom (Derek Ross) -- Chapter 27. Freedom of Conscience and Medical Assistance in Dying – Clinical Perspective (Simon Czajkowski) -- Chapter 28. Spirit at the Gateway: Religious Reflections on Medical Assistance in Dying (Christine Jamieson) -- Chapter 29. MAID Practice and Impact (Jaro Kotalik) -- Chapter 30. MAID: Pasts, Present and Futures (Tom Koch) -- Part 7: Overview and Conclusions -- Chapter 31. Overview and Conclusions.
    Abstract: This book, written both for a Canadian and an international readership, provides a multidisciplinary review of the framework and performance of the Canadian Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) program. In the first five years (2015-2021) of operation, this program delivered voluntary euthanasia and assistance in suicide to over 30,000 Canadian residents, presently representing a 30% annual growth. Looking back on these first five years, the 30 Canadian scholars and clinicians contributing to this volume raise important issues and attempt to answer key questions that have arisen in regards to its operation and its stated objectives. This volume strikes the most appropriate balance between the autonomy of persons who seek medical assistance, versus the interests and protection of vulnerable persons. Finally, the book makes suggestions on how the program can presently be improved. It identifies gaps in knowledge about MAID’s operational program and its impact on individuals, families and society in order to stimulate the necessary research that is essential to the evolution of a healthy and well-balanced program. As a first, comprehensive examination of medically assisted deaths in Canada, this publication will be of great value to lay, professional, academic, political audiences both domestically and internationally, especially in jurisdictions that are examining their options of permitting assisted deaths.
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9783031163715
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 187 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 84
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Science—History. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Philosophy—History. ; Science ; Science ; Language and languages ; Philosophy
    Abstract: Preface -- Chapter 1. Kuhn, Coherentism and Perception (Howard Sankey) -- Chapter 2. Sankey on Kuhn and Epistemological Coherentism: a Commentary (Juan V. Mayoral) -- Chapter 3. A Defense of Structure in Structure of Scientific Revolutions (K. Brad Wray) -- Chapter 4. A Vindication of Structure in Structure of Scientific Revolutions: a Comment to K. Brad Wray (Pablo Melogno) -- Chapter 5. Kuhn’s Reconstruction of Structure: The Theoretical Background (Juan V. Mayoral) -- Chapter 6. A Role for Cognitive Agents from a Kuhnian point of view: a Comment to Juan Vicente Mayoral (Pío García) -- Chapter 7. Incommensurability and Metaincommensurability. Kind change, world change and indirect refutation (Eric Oberheim) -- Chapter 8. The Landscape of a Metaphysical Battlefield: a Comment to Eric Oberheim (Leandro Giri) -- Chapter 9. The Plausibility of Thomas Kuhn’s Metaphysics (Paul Hoyningen-Huene) -- Chapter 10. Seeing, Talking and Behaving... Ways of Inhabiting the World: a Comment to Paul Hoyningen-Huene (Hernán Miguel) -- Index.
    Abstract: This book presents essays and commentaries that continue on Thomas Kuhn’s work from where he left off at the time of his death. Contrary to other books, this volume picks up the gauntlet to develop, from a contemporary perspective, some points that can be improved in the light of recent findings and conceptualizations in metatheory. Thus, this work pays a visit to the classical Kuhnian landscapes, but rather proposing interpretations, it takes them as the starting point to go further. One hundred years after the Kuhn's birth, the editors and authors rekindle the passion and interest that have always surrounded the work of the great Boston philosopher and historian.
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9783031244377
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XI, 344 p. 2 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Women in the History of Philosophy and Sciences 18
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    Keywords: Philosophy—History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; United States—History. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Metaphysics. ; Philosophy of mind. ; Science ; Philosophy ; United States
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Nature of philosophy -- Chapter 2. Knowledge: reason and experience -- Chapter 3. Science and objectivity -- Chapter 4. The physical and the material -- Chapter 5. Individuals and time -- Chapter 6. Freedom and time.
    Abstract: This book is the first volume featuring the work of American women philosophers in the first half of the twentieth century. It provides selected papers authored by Mary Whiton Calkins, Grace Andrus de Laguna, Grace Neal Dolson, Marjorie Glicksman Grene, Marjorie Silliman Harris, Thelma Zemo Lavine, Marie Collins Swabey, Ellen Bliss Talbot, Dorothy Walsh and Margaret Floy Washburn. The book also provides the historical and philosophical background to their work. The papers focus on the nature of philosophy, knowledge, the philosophy of science, the mind-matter nexus, the nature of time, and the question of freedom and the individual. The material is suitable for scholars, researchers and advanced philosophy students interested in (history of) philosophy; theories of knowledge; philosophy of science; mind, and reality.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031255779
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVII, 210 p. 21 illus., 8 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Archimedes, New Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology 65
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    Keywords: Science—History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Human ecology—Study and teaching. ; Political planning. ; International relations. ; Political science. ; Human ecology ; Science ; Science
    Abstract: Foreword (Morgan Bazilian and Dolf Gielen) -- Introduction (Sophia Kalantzakos) -- Section I -- Chapter 1. Between Rocks and Hard Places: Geopolitics of Net zero futures and the tech imperium (Sophia Kalantzakos) -- Chapter 2. Interdependence vs. Geopolitics: Securitization and Partial Recoupling of U.S.-China Relations (Xiaoyu Pu) -- Chapter 3. Securing Supply Chain Resiliency for Critical Rare Earth Metals (Kristin Vekasi) -- Section II -- Chapter 4. Public Policy Toward Critical Materials: A False Dichotomy, a Messy Middle Ground, and Seven Guiding Principles (Roderick Eggert) -- Chapter 5. Lessons from Three Decades in the Rare Earth Trenches (Constantine Karayannopoulos and Vasileios Tsianos) -- Chapter 6. The Paradox of Green Growth: Challenges and Opportunities in Decarbonizing the Electric Vehicle Supply Chain. (Chris Berry) -- Chapter 7. Raw material demands for the Green Transition. Risks, opportunities, and required actions to meet the 2030 climate targets. (Roland Gauß, Carsten Gellermann, Alexander Maurer) -- Section III -- Chapter 8. Social and environmental impacts of rare earth mining and processing: Scoping and preliminary assessment (Julie Michelle Klinger) -- Chapter 9. The Social Conundrum of Eco-centric Activism against Oceanic Minerals (Saleem Ali) -- Chapter 10. The ESG Triangle: How Lithium Mining in Latin America Could Point the Way Toward Long-term Environmental and Social Value Strategies (Owen Pell) -- Index.
    Abstract: This book examines the latest manifestations of resource competition. The energy transition and the digitalization of the global economy are both accelerating even as geopolitics driven by Sino-American hyper-competition become increasingly contentious. The volume brings together an interdisciplinary group of scholars, policy makers, institutional stakeholders, and industry experts to analyze not only the transition itself, but also the implications that the need for uninterrupted access to unprecedented levels of raw materials generates. By framing the challenges ahead for global society, governance, industry, international power politics, and the environment, the book asks hard questions about the choices that need to be made to reach net zero by mid-century. Moreover, it sheds light on different facets of the growing risks to what have been global interdependent supply chains in a way that is nuanced, balanced, and practical, thus pushing back on some of the most sensational headlines that breed confusion and may lead policymakers to make more narrow and less effective decisions. The volume is an outcome of “Rich Rocks, the Climate Crisis and the Tech-imperium” a Summer Institute at Caltech and the Huntington that took place in July 2021.
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9783031333583
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XI, 528 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 478
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Evolution (Biology). ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Biology ; Science
    Abstract: 1. Generalizing Darwinism as a Topic for Multidisciplinary Debate -- Part I: How Can Disciplines Benefit from, or Contribute to, Evolutionary Frameworks?. 2. Is a Non-Evolutionary Psychology Possible? -- 3. Evolutionary Economics and the Theory of Cultural Evolution -- 4. Repetition Without Replication: Notes Towards a Theory of Cultural Adaptation -- 5. The Epistemological and Ideological Stakes of Literary Darwinism -- 6. Evolutionary Aspects of Language Change -- 7. A Community Science Model for Inter-Disciplinary Evolution Education and School Improvement -- 8. Teaching for the Interdisciplinary Understanding of Evolutionary Concepts -- Part II: Generalizations of Evolutionary Theory: Common Principles or Explanatory Structures?. 9. From Games to Graphs. Evolving Networks in Cultural Evolution -- 10. Metaphysics of Evolution: Ontology and Justification of Generalized Evolution Theory -- 11. Human Social Evolution via Four Coevolutionary Levels -- Part III: Why Should We Be Skeptical of Generalizations of Darwinism?. 12. Is Natural Selection Physical? -- 13. The Risks of Evolutionary Explanation -- 14. Evolution and Ecology of Organizations and Markets -- 15. Pluralism and Epistemic Goals: Why the Social Sciences Will (Probably) not be Synthesised by Evolutionary Theory -- 16. Equations at an Exhibition: on the Cultural Price Equation -- 17. Unlike Agents: The Role of Correlation in Economics and Biology -- Part IV: How Can Evolutionary Approaches or the Target Field be Amended?. 18. From the Modern Synthesis to the Inclusive Evolutionary Synthesis: An Einsteinian Revolution in Evolution -- 19. Darwinian/Hennigian Systematics and Evo-Devo: the Missed Rendez-vous -- 20. The Generalized Selective Environment -- 21. Adding Agency to Tinbergen’s Four Questions -- 22. Cultural Evolution Research Needs to Include Human Behavioural Ecology.
    Abstract: This volume aims to clarify the epistemic potential of applying evolutionary thinking outside biology, and provides a survey of the current state of the art in research on relevant topics in the life sciences, the philosophy of science, and the various areas of evolutionary research outside the life sciences. By bringing together chapters by evolutionary biologists, systematic biologists, philosophers of biology, philosophers of social science, complex systems modelers, psychologists, anthropologists, economists, linguists, historians, and educators, the volume examines evolutionary thinking within and outside the life sciences from a multidisciplinary perspective. While the chapters written by biologists and philosophers of science address theoretical aspects of the guiding questions and aims of the volume, the chapters written by researchers from the other areas approach them from the perspective of applying evolutionary thinking to non-biological phenomena. Taken together, the chapters in this volume do not only show how evolutionary thinking can be fruitfully applied in various areas of investigation, but also highlight numerous open problems, unanswered questions, and issues on which more clarity is needed. As such, the volume can serve as a starting point for future research on the application of evolutionary thinking across disciplines.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031293283
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVIII, 216 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Library
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy—History. ; Analysis (Philosophy). ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science ; Philosophy
    Abstract: Introduction -- 1. Naturalism and the Vienna Circle -- 2. Neurath’s Epistemology of Science -- 3. Neurath’s Conception of Protocol Statements -- 4. Carnapian Explication -- 5. Quine, Carnap, and Analyticity -- 6. Challenges to the Bipartite Metatheory Interpretation -- 7. Bipartite Metatheory in Application.
    Abstract: This text provides an extensive exploration of the relationship between the thought of Otto Neurath and Rudolf Carnap, providing a new argument for the complementarity of their mature philosophies as part of a collaborative metatheory of science. In arguing that both Neurath and Carnap must be interpreted as proponents of epistemological naturalism, and that their naturalisms rest on shared philosophical ground, it is also demonstrated that the boundaries and possibilities for epistemological naturalism are not as restrictive as Quinean orthodoxy has previously suggested. Both building on and challenging the scholarship of the past four decades, this naturalist reading of Carnap also provides a new interpretation of Carnap’s conception of analyticity, allowing for a refutation of the Quinean argument for the incompatibility of naturalism and the analytic/synthetic distinction. In doing so, the relevance and potential importance of their scientific meta-theory for contemporary questions in the philosophy of science is demonstrated. This text appeals to students and researchers working on Logical Empiricism, Quine, the history of analytic philosophy and the history of philosophy of science, as well as proponents of naturalized epistemology.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9783031204050
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XX, 309 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Logic, Argumentation & Reasoning, Interdisciplinary Perspectives from the Humanities and Social Sciences 31
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Science
    Abstract: Part 1. Conceptual and Theoretical Framework -- 1. The Fundamental Cognitive Destiny of Interdisciplinarity (Olga Pombo) -- 2. Disentangling Interdisciplinarity and Transdisciplinarity: the Beauty of Differing Definitions (Bianca Vienni Baptista) -- 3. Back to the Discipline: for a Future Interdisciplinarity (Romain Sauzet) -- 4. Super-Contemporaneity (The Regime of Creation Beyond Transdisciplinary Innovation) (Vincent Bontems) -- Part 2. Practices of Interdisciplinarity -- 5. Interactions Towards Interdisciplinarity at School: the Case of a Physics Teacher at a Public Teacher Education High School (Giselle Faur de Castro Catarino, Glória Regina Pessoa Campello Queiroz, André Luís de Moura Pessôa) -- 6. Interdisciplinarity in the View of Researchers in the Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Programme in Human Rights at the Federal Universitiy of Goiás (PPGIDH-UFG): a Case Study (Cerise de Castro Campos, Helena Esser dos Reis, Mauro Machado do Prado, Rosani Moreira Leitão) -- 7. Interdisciplinary Practice in Education (Helder Coelho) -- 8. How MSH Design Interdisciplinarity: Testimony of an Active Director (Nicolas Thély) -- 9. Interdisciplinarity in Cognitive Science and the Nature of Cognition (Klaus Gärtner and Robert W. Clowes) -- 10. The Utopia of Interdisciplinarity: A View from Economics (Vítor Neves) -- 11. The Crowd – A Boundary Object in Social Sciences (Jorge Correia Jesuíno) -- 12. Role of IT Solution Design in Food Labelling. Ethics, Communication and Interdisciplinarity on the Test Bench (Roberta Pizzi and Giovanni Scarafile) -- 13. Signs of Interdisciplinarity in the Second Half of the XX Century and Prospects for the XXI Century (Olga Pombo).
    Abstract: This book addresses the urgent need for a large and systematic analysis of current interdisciplinary (ID) research and practice. It demonstrates how ID is essentially a cognitive phenomenon, something different from the frivolous and inconsequential attempt of trying to overcome the disciplinary competencies and exigencies. By ID, the authors show that it is a manifestation of the transversal rationality that underlies current scientific activity. It is the very progress of specialized disciplines that requires interdisciplinary new research practices and new forms of articulation between domains, something that has a strong impact on the traditional disciplinary structure of scientific and educational institutions. Divided into two parts, the book presents a conceptual framework as well as several case studies on ID practices. The book aims at covering three main themes. It contributes to the stabilization of ID meaning and characterizes the main ID theorizations which have been proposed until now. It builds an innovative and broad understanding of the several ID determinations as an essentially cognitive phenomenon and of its institutional implications at the level of disciplinary structures and curricular organization. Finally, it distinguishes and maps the diversity of ID procedures and practices which are being used and tested by contemporary scientific and educational institutions. This book is addressed to philosophers, scientists and every one interested in science production and reproduction, including science teaching.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031267468
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(IX, 198 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Studies in Brain and Mind 22
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    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy of mind. ; Neurosciences. ; Science
    Abstract: Introduction -- Part 1. Mechanisms -- Chapter 1. The New Mechanistic Theory of Explanation: a primer -- Chapter 2. Mechanistic explanatory texts -- Part 2. Representations -- Chapter 3. Representations and mechanisms do not mix -- Chapter 4. Indicator contents -- Chapter 5. Structural contents -- Chapter 6. Teleosemantics -- Part 3. Objections -- Chapter 7. The dual-explananda defence -- Chapter 8. The Pragmatic Necessity defence -- Part 4. Applications -- Chapter 9. Applications and future directions -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: In this book, Matej Kohar demonstrates how the new mechanistic account of explanation can be used to support a non-representationalist view of explanations in cognitive neuroscience, and therefore can bring new conceptual tools to the non-representationalist arsenal. Kohar focuses on the explanatory relevance of representational content in constitutive mechanistic explanations typical in cognitive neuroscience. The work significantly contributes to two areas of literature: 1) the debate between representationalism and non-representationalism, and 2) the literature on mechanistic explanation. Kohar begins with an introduction to the mechanistic theory of explanation, focusing on the analysis of mechanistic constitution as the basis of explanatory relevance in constitutive mechanistic explanation. He argues that any viable analysis of representational contents implies that content is not constitutively relevant to cognitive phenomena. The author also addresses objections against his argument and concludes with an examination of the consequences of his account for both traditional cognitive neuroscience and non-representationalist alternatives. This book is of interest to readers in philosophy of mind, cognitive science and neuroscience.
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9783031160042
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(V, 62 p. 5 illus., 4 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Philosophy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Political science—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Political science. ; Science ; Political science.
    Abstract: Introduction -- Imagined Futures: Trust and Justice in SB Governance -- Governance and Participation in Policy Reports of Synthetic Biology (Literature Review) -- Approaches in Defining Governance, Challenges and Benefits -- Designing Governance Frameworks -- Governance of Synthetic Biology -- Governance and Public Participation -- Objectives -- Focus Areas Participation -- Communication -- Representation.-Evaluation -- Focus Areas Governance -- Resources -- Training -- Data Management -- Responsibility -- Case Study: COVID-19 Vaccine Development -- Conclusion -- Recommendations.
    Abstract: The book considers the relationship between governance and participation, and the ways participation has been understood, framed and applied in the context of synthetic biology (SB) governance approaches. Based on fundamental questions about the scope, purpose, and responsibilities assigned to public participation activities, the authors conducted an literature review of policy reports and articles on SB governance. Against this basis the authors identify key characteristics of synthetic biology, such as the complex interplay of research, engineering and IT expertise in the field, as well as the challenges these characteristics pose in designing governance frameworks. Drawing on insights from the literature on governance and public participation in political science and public policy, the authors contest calls for “earlier” and “more” participation on the basis that such calls fail to consider the necessary structural adjustments and resources needed for such endeavors.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031281570
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XV, 329 p. 15 illus., 10 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences 30
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Biology—Philosophy. ; Science—History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Biology ; Science ; Science
    Abstract: Introduction (P.-O. Méthot, F. Merlin, P. Huneman) -- Part I: Historical Epistemology and Philosophy of Biology -- Chapter 1. “From Historical Epistemology to Philosophy of Biology” (Pierre-Olivier Méthot) -- Chapter 2. “Jean Gayon and the Historical Perspective in Philosophy of Biology” (François Duchesneau) -- Chapter 3. “Taking Historical Epistemology to the International Scene” (Anastasios Brenner) -- Chapter 4. “Jean Gayon, History and Philosophy of Biology: A New Synthesis” (Thomas Pradeu) -- Chapter 5. "Title TBA" (Victor Petit) -- Part II: History of Evolutionary Theory and Genetics -- Chapter 6. “Jean Gayon and the History of French Genetics” (Richard Burian) -- Chapter 7. “Population Genetics and the Evolutionary Synthesis: Remarks on the Contribution of Jean Gayon” (David Depew) -- Chapter 8. “Local Traditions and the Death of Diffusion: Jean Gayon’s Contribution to Contemporary Narratives of ‘the Molecular Vision of Life’” (Edna Suarez) -- Chapter 9. “Jean Gayon on Alfred R. Wallace’s Contribution to Evolutionary Theory” (Jon Hodge) -- Part III: Case-studies in History and Philosophy of Biology -- Chapter 10. “Locating the Human in the Biological World: A Way into the Species Problem” (Phil Sloan). Chapter 11. “Lamarck: Philosopher of Nature” (Stéphane Tirard) -- Chapter 12. “A Critique of Jean Gayon’s Critiques of Cultural Evolution” (Jorge Martinez) -- Chapter 13. “Between Science and Ideology: The Case of Clemence Royer” (Gérard Chazal) -- Chapter 14. “Mill on Design and Natural Selection” (Denis Forest) -- Chapter 15. “Eighteenth-Century uses of Vitalism in constructing Biology” (Charles T. Wolfe) -- Part IV: Personal Reminiscences -- Chapter 16. “Practicing Evolutionary Biology with Jean Gayon” (Philippe Huneman) -- Chapter 17. “Historical Epistemology and Analytic Philosophy: The Path of a Singular Synthesis. Testimony of a Former Doctoral Student” (Élodie Giroux) -- Chapter 18. “Title TBA” (Staffan Müller-Wille) -- Chapter 19. “Jean Gayon: In Memoriam” (Hans-Jörg Rheinberger).
    Abstract: This book builds on recent scholarship highlighted in the edited collections, Philosophie, histoire, biologie: mélanges offerts à Jean Gayon (Merlin & Huneman, 2018) and Knowledge of Life Today (Gayon & Petit 2018/2019). While honoring the career and the thought of Jean Gayon (1949-2018), this book showcases the continued relevance of Gayon’s interdisciplinary work and illustrates his central place in the community of historians and philosophers of the life sciences. Chapters in this book address Jean Gayon’s intellectual trajectory from historical epistemology to the philosophy of biology, the nature and scope of his philosophical approach to the history of science, and his unique contributions to the history and epistemology of biological concepts and theories. Drawing on published and unpublished sources, the book explores some of Gayon’s most significant contributions to the philosophy, history, and social studies of biology.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031271250
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(IX, 123 p. 16 illus., 3 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in History of Science and Technology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—History. ; Computers—History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Technology—Sociological aspects. ; Technological innovations. ; Computers ; Science ; Technology ; Science
    Abstract: 1. Introduction: Pekeris, Computing and Applied Mathematics -- 2. Numerical Analysis in the Age of Electronic Computing -- 3. Integral Equations -- 4. Oscillations of the Earth -- 5. Ground State of Helium -- 6. Additional Research with Weizac -- 7. Concluding Remarks – Mathematics at Wis, Applied and Pure -- 8. References.
    Abstract: This book describes the groundbreaking work of Chaim Leib Pekeris and his collaborators. Between 1955 and 1963 they used the first electronic computer built in Israel, the Weizmann Automatic Computer (WEIZAC), to develop powerful numerical methods that helped achieve new and accurate solutions of the Boltzmann equation, calculate energy levels of the helium atom, produce detailed geophysical and seismological models derived from the study of the free oscillations of the earth, and refine models used to predict meteorological phenomena and global oceanic tides. This book provides a unique account of the pioneering work of Chaim L. Pekeris in applied mathematics and explains in detail the background to the rise of the Weizmann Institute as a world-class center of scientific excellence. This hitherto untold story is of great interest to historians of twentieth-century science with special emphasis on the application of computer-assisted numerical methods in various branches of mathematical physics.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031301186
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXII, 327 pages) , Illustrationen
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hollerbach, Teresa Juliane Sanctorius Sanctorius and the origins of health measurement
    Keywords: Science—History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Medicine—History. ; Technology. ; History. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science ; Science ; Medicine
    Abstract: Acknowledgements -- Preface (Dr. Matteo Valleriani) -- Introduction -- List of Figures -- Abbreviations and Short Titles -- Chapter 1. Sanctorius Sanctorius—Between Koper and Venice -- Chapter 2. Sanctorius’s Galenism -- Chapter 3. Sanctorius’s Work in its Practical Context -- Chapter 4. Quantification in Galenic Medicine -- Chapter 5. Quantification and Certainty -- Chapter 6. The Measuring Instruments -- Chapter 7. Sanctorius Revisited -- List of Appendices.
    Abstract: This open access book offers new insights into the Venetian physician Sanctorius Sanctorius (1561–1636) and into the origins of quantification in medicine. At the turn of the seventeenth century, Sanctorius developed instruments to measure and quantify physiological change. As trivial as the quantitative assessment of health issues might seem to us today – in times of fitness trackers and smart watches – it was highly innovative at that time. With his instruments, Sanctorius introduced quantitative research into the field of physiology. Historical accounts of Sanctorius and his work tend to tell the story of a genius who, almost out of the blue, invented a new medical science, based on measurement and quantification, that profoundly influenced modernity. Abandoning the “genius narrative,” this book examines Sanctorius and his work in the broader perspective of processes of knowledge transformation in early modern medicine. It is the first systematic study to include the entire range of the physician’s intellectual and practical activities. Adopting a material culture perspective, the research draws on the contemporary reconstruction of Sanctorius’s most famous instrument: the Sanctorian weighing chair. And here it departs from past studies that focus mainly on Sanctorius’s thinking rather than on his making and doing. The book also re-evaluates Sanctorius’s role in the wider process of the early transformation of medical culture in the early modern period, a process that ultimately led to the abandonment of Galenic medicine and to the introduction of a new medical science, based on the use of quantification and measurement in medical research. The book is therefore an important contribution to the history of medicine and historical epistemology aimed at historians of science and philosophy.
    Note: Open Access
    URL: Cover
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783030845704
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VII, 245 p. 12 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Philosophy of Engineering and Technology 38
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy and science. ; Philosophy. ; Technology—Sociological aspects. ; Continental Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Technology—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1 Introduction: Coming to terms with technoscience -- 2 Dialectics of Technoscience -- 3 Dialectical materialism -- 4 Psychoanalysing technoscience -- 5 Louis Althusser: science and ideology -- 6 Coming to terms with technoscience: the Heideggerian way -- 7 Pierre Teilhard de Chardin’s phenomenology of the noosphere -- 8 Philosophy of technoscience: from cis-continental to trans-continental.
    Abstract: The key objective of this volume is to allow philosophy students and early-stage researchers to become practicing philosophers in technoscientific settings. Zwart focuses on the methodological issue of how to practice continental philosophy of technoscience today. This text draws upon continental authors such as Hegel, Engels, Heidegger, Bachelard and Lacan (and their fields of dialectics, phenomenology and psychoanalysis) in developing a coherent message around the technicity of science or rather, “technoscience”. Within technoscience, the focus will be on recent developments in life sciences research, such as genomics, post-genomics, synthetic biology and global ecology. This book uniquely presents continental perspectives that tend to be underrepresented in mainstream philosophy of science, yet entail crucial insights for coming to terms with technoscience as it is evolving on a global scale today. This is an open access book.
    Note: Open Access
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9783030872168
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (153 Seiten)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Mathematical physics. ; Quantum optics. ; Spintronics.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. Distinctions with a Difference -- 3. Case Studies -- 4. Understanding Understanding -- 5. Methodological Mapping -- 6. Norms for Simulation and Emulation -- 7. Conclusion and Prospectus.
    Abstract: This book presents fresh insights into analogue quantum simulation. It argues that these simulations are a new instrument of science. They require a bespoke philosophical analysis, sensitive to both the similarities to and the differences with conventional scientific practices such as analogical argument, experimentation, and classical simulation. The analysis situates the various forms of analogue quantum simulation on the methodological map of modern science. In doing so, it clarifies the functions that analogue quantum simulation serves in scientific practice. To this end, the authors introduce a number of important terminological distinctions. They establish that analogue quantum ‘computation' and ‘emulation' are distinct scientific practices and lead to distinct forms of scientific understanding. The authors also demonstrate the normative value of the computation vs. emulation distinction at both an epistemic and a pragmatic level. The volume features a range of detailed case studies focusing on: i) cold atom computation of many-body localisation and the Higgs mode; ii) photonic emulation of quantum effects in biological systems; and iii) emulation of Hawing radiation in dispersive optical media. Overall, readers will discover a normative framework to isolate and support the goals of scientists undertaking analogue quantum simulation and emulation. This framework will prove useful to both working scientists and philosophers of science interested in cutting-edge scientific practice.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783030838379
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 191 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 441
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Mathematical logic.
    Abstract: Foreword -- 1. Preliminary -- Part I. Physics: A Primer. 2. Classical mechanics -- 3. Variational calculus -- 4. Lagrangian formulation -- 5. Hamilton’s equations -- 6. Hamilton–Jacobi theory -- 7. Where the action is -- 8. From classical to quantum -- 9. Field theory -- 10. Electromagnetism -- 11. Special relativity -- 12. General relativity -- 13. Gauge field theories -- Part II. Axiomatics. 14. Axiomatizations in ZFC -- Part III. Technicalities. 15. Hierarchies -- Part IV. More applications. 16. Arnol’d’s 1974 problems -- 17. Forcing and gravitation -- 18. Economics and ecology -- Part V. Computer science. 19. Fast–growing functions -- Part VI. Hypercomputation. 20. Hypercomputation -- References.
    Abstract: This book explores the premise that a physical theory is an interpretation of the analytico–canonical formalism. Throughout the text, the investigation stresses that classical mechanics in its Lagrangian formulation is the formal backbone of theoretical physics. The authors start from a presentation of the analytico–canonical formalism for classical mechanics, and its applications in electromagnetism, Schrödinger's quantum mechanics, and field theories such as general relativity and gauge field theories, up to the Higgs mechanism. The analysis uses the main criterion used by physicists for a theory: to formulate a physical theory we write down a Lagrangian for it. A physical theory is a particular instance of the Lagrangian functional. So, there is already an unified physical theory. One only has to specify the corresponding Lagrangian (or Lagrangian density); the dynamical equations are the associated Euler–Lagrange equations. The theory of Suppes predicates as the main tool in the axiomatization and examples from the usual theories in physics. For applications, a whole plethora of results from logic that lead to interesting, and sometimes unexpected, consequences. This volume looks at where our physics happen and which mathematical universe we require for the description of our concrete physical events. It also explores if we use the constructive universe or if we need set–theoretically generic spacetimes.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783030981488
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVII, 252 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Analysis (Philosophy). ; Philosophy of nature. ; Ontology. ; Philosophy of mind.
    Abstract: 1. Reductionism and holism -- 2. Towards a universal principle of emergence (UPE) -- 3. Emergence in physical systems -- 4. Hierarchical emergent ontology (HEO) -- Conclusion: Emergence and the open universe.
    Abstract: This book offers a new look at emergence in terms of a hierarchical emergent ontology. Emergence is recognised as a universal principle, as universal as the principle of evolution. This is achieved by setting out the ontological criteria of emergence and such criteria’s various roles. The traditional dichotomies are overcome, e.g., the synchronic and diachronic perspectives are unified, allowing a single, universal principle of emergence to be applied across various fields of science. As exemplars of its practical utility in both explanation and prediction, this new approach is applied to three different scientific areas: cellular automata, quantum Hall effects, and the neural network of the mind. It proves that the resulting metaphysics of hierarchical emergent ontology plays a fundamental role in unifying science, an impossible task under classical reductionism.
    URL: Cover
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031013157
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VII, 298 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 462
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Pragmatism.
    Abstract: 1. From the Current Trends in Philosophy of Science to the Prospects for the Near Future (Wenceslao J. Gonzalez) -- Part I. Philosophy of Medicine and Climate Change. 2. Philosophy of science meets medicine (again): a clearer-sighted view of the virtues of blinding and of tests for blinding in clinical trials (John Worrall) -- 3. Environmental decision-making under uncertainty (Joe Roussos, Richard Bradley, and Roman Frigg) -- Part II. Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence and the Internet. 4. Artificial Intelligence and Philosophy of Science from the 1990s to the early 2020s (Donald Gillies and Marco Gillies) -- 5. Whatever happened to the logic of discovery? From transparent logic to alien reasoning (Thomas Nickles) -- 6. Scientific Side of the Future of the Internet as a Complex System. The Role of Prediction and Prescription of Applied Sciences (Wenceslao J. Gonzalez) -- Part III. New Analyses of Probability and the Use of Mathematics in Practice. 7. From Logical to Probabilistic Empiricism: Arguments for Pluralism (Maria Carla Galavotti) -- 8. Instrumental Realism -- A New Start for Mathematics and Scientific Practice (Ladislav Kvasz) -- Part IV. Scientific Progress Revisited. 9. Scientific Progress and the Search for Truth (Philip Kitcher) -- 10. The Logic of Qualitative Progress in Nomic, Design, and Explicative Research (Theo Kuipers) -- Part V. Scientific Realism and the Instrumentalist Alternative. 11. Explicating Inference to the Best Explanation (Ilkka Niiniluoto) -- 12. Re-inflating the Realism-Instrumentalism Controversy (Stathis Psillos) -- Index.
    Abstract: This book seeks to provide new perspectives, to broaden the field of philosophy of science, or to renew themes that have had a great impact on the profession. Thus, after an initial chapter to situate the current trends in philosophy of science and the prospective of the near future, it offers contributions in five thematic blocks: I) Philosophy of Medicine and Climate Change; II) Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence and the Internet; III) New Analyses of Probability and the Use of Mathematics in Practice; IV) Scientific Progress Revisited; and V) Scientific Realism and the Instrumentalist Alternative. Within this framework, the volume addresses such relevant issues as the methodological validity of medical evidence or decision making in situations of uncertainty; recent advances in Artificial Intelligence and the future of the Internet; current forms of empirically based methodological pluralism and new ways of understanding mathematics with scientific practice; and the revision of the approaches to scientific progress based on the experiences accumulated in recent decades.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783030996420
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXI, 415 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 460
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Quantum physics. ; Metaphysics. ; Philosophy—History. ; Ontology.
    Abstract: Introduction -- Part I: Realism. 1. The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Decoherence (Davide Romano) -- 2. Quantum Fundamentalism vs. Scientific Realism (Matthias Egg) -- 3. On the Principles that Serve as Guides to the Ontology of Quantum Mechanics (Vera Matarese) -- 4. The Quantum World as a Resource. A Case for the Cohabitation of Two Paradigms (Laura Felline) -- 5. Quantum Ontology: Out of this World? (Travis Norsen) -- 6. Why Might an Instrumentalist Endorse Bohmian Mechanics? (Darrell P. Rowbottom) -- Part II: Ontology. 7. Beables, Primitive Ontology and Beyond: How Theories Meet the World (Andrea Oldofredi) -- 8. All Flash, No Substance? (Towards a Fundamental Ontology for GRW) (Elizabeth Miller) -- 9. Does the Primitive Ontology rest on Shaky Ground? (Cristian Mariani) -- 10. Towards a Structuralist Elimination of Quantum Properties (Valia Allori) -- 11. Quantum Ontology without the Wave Function (Carlo Rovelli) -- 12. The Relational Ontology of Contemporary Physics (Francesca Vidotto) -- 13. Explicit Construction of Local Hidden Variables for Any Quantum Theory up to Any Desired Accuracy(Gerard t’Hooft) -- Part III: The Wave Function. 14. Wave Function Realism and Three Dimensions (Lev Vaidman) -- 15. Reality as a Vector in Hilbert Space (Sean Carroll) -- 16. Cat alive and cat dead are not Cats! Ontology and Statistics in ‘Realist’ Versions of Quantum Mechanics(Jean Bricmont) -- 17. Ontic Random Variables, Incommensurable Probability Distributions, and the Platonic Interpretation of Quantum Theoryn (Jacob Barandes) -- 18. Cosmic Hylomorphism vs Bohmian Dispositionalism. Implications of the "No-successor Problem" (William Simpson and John Pemberton) -- 19. The Governing Conception of the Wavefunctionn (Nina Emery) -- 20. Representation and the Quantum State (Richard Healey) -- Part IV: Indeterminacy. 21. Quantum Mechanics Without Indeterminacy (David Glick) -- 22. Derivative Metaphysical Indeterminacy and Quantum Physics (Alessandro Torza) -- 23. Explication Quantum Indeterminacy (Peter Lewis) -- 24. Defending the Situations-based Approach to Deep Worldly Indeterminacy (George Darby and Martin Pickup) -- 25. Metaphysical Indeterminacy in the Multiversen (Claudio Calosi and Jessica Wilson) -- 26. Fundamentality and Levels in Everettian Quantum Mechanics (Al Wilson).
    Abstract: This edited collection provides new perspectives on some metaphysical questions arising in quantum mechanics. These questions have been long-standing and are of continued interest to researchers and graduate students working in physics, philosophy of physics and metaphysics. It features contributions from a diverse set of researchers, ranging from senior scholars to junior academics, working in varied fields, from physics to philosophy of physics and metaphysics. The contributors reflect on issues about fundamentality (is quantum theory fundamental? If so, what is its fundamental ontology?), ontological dependence (how do ordinary objects exist even if they are not fundamental?), realism (what kind of realism is compatible with quantum theory?), indeterminacy (can the world itself exhibit ontological indeterminacy?). With contributions from both physicists (including Nobel Prize winner Gerard 't Hooft), science communicators and philosophers. .
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9783031087905
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XI, 186 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences 28
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Evolution (Biology). ; Economics. ; Ecology . ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Chapter 1 Introduction -- Chapter 2 Preliminary reflections Analogical reasoning between economics and biology -- Chapter 3 Set of 25 keywords, Adaptation/Learning, Altruism, Chance/Uncertainty, Classification, Communication/Signalling, Competition, Constraint/Trade-off, Cooperation, Crisis, Cycles, Development/Growth, Diversity, Equilibrium, Fitness/Utility, Heredity/Transmission, Information, Market, Mutation/Innovation, Optimality, Organizational levels, Population, Resource /Investment, Selection, Strategic interactions, Time scales, Chapter 4 Concluding remarks 1. The relevance of the studied analogies according to their field origin and system characteristics -- Chapter 5 Concluding Remarks 2 Economics and evolutionary biology: An overview of their (recent) interactions.
    Abstract: This book offers a comprehensive exploration of the major key concepts common to economics and evolutionary biology. Written by a group of philosophers of science, biologists and economists, it proposes analyses of the meaning of twenty-five concepts from the viewpoint respectively of economics and of evolutionary biology –each followed by a short synthesis emphasizing major discrepancies and commonalities. This analysis is surrounded by chapters exploring the nature of the analogy that connects evolution and economics, and chapters that summarize the major teachings of the analyses of the keywords. Most scholars in biology and in economics know that their science has something in common with the other one, for instance the notions of competition and resources. Textbooks regularly acknowledge that the two fields share some history – Darwin borrowing from Malthus the insistence on scarcity of resources, and then behavioral ecologists adapting and transforming game theory into evolutionary game theory in the 1980s, while Friedman famously alluded to a Darwinian process yielding the extant firms. However, the real extent of the similarities, the reasons why they are so close, and the limits and even the nature of the analogy connecting economics and biological evolution, remain inexplicit. This book proposes basis analyses that can sustain such explication. It is intended for researchers, grad students and master students in evolutionary and in economics, as well as in philosophy of science.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783030810825
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(X, 130 p. 9 illus., 1 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Science—History. ; Analysis (Philosophy).
    Abstract: Introduction: What are thought experiments? -- The main characteristics: stages of experiments, their role in science in philosophy, their closest relatives -- Uderstanding the thought experiments: empiricist, Platonist and inferentialist proposals, the mental modelling as alternative -- The challenge of experimental philosophy -- Understanding the history of influential though-experiments -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: This book offers a readable introduction to the main aspects of thought experimenting in philosophy and science (together with related imaginative activities in mathematics and linguistics). It presents the main options in understanding thought experiments, from empiricism to Platonism, and discusses their strengths and weaknesses. However, it also provides some original perspectives on the topic. Firstly, it provides a new definition and analysis of thought experimenting that brings it closer to laboratory experimenting. Secondly, it develops the author’s earlier theory of “mental modelling”, proposed some decades ago by him, and some other researchers in the field as the crucial procedure in thought experimenting. The mental modelling approach links work with thought experimenting to cognitive science and to research on mental simulation which is a hot topic in present-day research. Thirdly, it proposes a principled way to respond to criticism of thought experimenting by “experimental philosophers” as they have been dominating the present-day debates. The response suggests a possible ameliorative, self-help project for thought experimenting. Finally, the book provides a way to systematize the history of important thought experiments in science and philosophy and thus connects, in an original way, the systematic investigation of experimenting to the historical work of famous thought experiments. It is of interest to scholars interested in history of ideas and philosophy of science.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783030761516
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 283 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Institute Vienna Circle, University of Vienna Vienna Circle Society, Society for the Advancement of Scientific World Conceptions 25
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The Vienna circle and religion
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Religion—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and religion ; Vienna circle ; History ; Austria ; Austria ; Vienna ; Wiener Kreis ; Geschichte 1900-2000 ; Neopositivismus ; Theologie ; Religion
    Abstract: Editorial -- Part I: The Vienna Circle and Religion -- Chapter 1. Carnap’s Fundamental Philosophical Commitment: From Religious Origins to Kantian Non-Cognitivism, 1911-21 (A. W. Carus) -- Chapter 2. Carnap’s Non-Cognitivism and His Views on Religion. Against the Background of the Herbartian Philosophy of His Grandfather Friedrich Wilhelm Dörpfeld (Christian Damböck) -- Chapter 3. The Place of Religion. An Open Question in Schlick’s Philosophy of Culture (Massimo Ferrari) -- Chapter 4. The “Continuous Line from the Formulations of the Magicians to the Formulations of the Sociologists”. Otto Neurath on the Anthropology of Magic and Religion (Marco Brusotti) -- Chapter 5. “God Never Does Mathematics” – Hans Hahn on Religion (Julia Schäfer) -- Chapter 6. A Rabbi Among the Apostates? Josef Schächter and Religion in the Vienna Circle (Malachi Hacohen) -- Chapter 7. Josef Schächter on Religion and the Philosophy of Language: Preferring Beginnings to Ends (Esther Ramharter) -- Chapter 8. Philipp Frank and the “Conference for Science, Philosophy and Religion”, 1940-1968 (Friedrich Stadler) -- Chapter 9. Kurt Gödel’s Dogmatic Theology (Tim Lethen) -- Chapter 10. Kurt Gödel’s Reception of Charles Hartshorne’s Ontological Proof (Annika Kanckos and Tim Lethen) -- Part II: General Part -- Chapter 11. The Vienna Circle in China: The Story of Tscha Hung (Yi Jiang) -- Chapter 12. Tolerance, Disagreement, and the Practical Dimension of Philosophy Warren Hagstrom’s Interview with Carnap (Adam Tamas Tuboly) -- Part III: Reviews -- Chapter 13. Johannes Feichtinger/Franz L. Fillafer/Jan Surman (Eds.), The Worlds of Positivism. A Global Intellectual History, 1770-1930. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan 2018 (Robert Frühstückl) -- Chapter 14. Donata Romizi, Dem wissenschaftlichen Determinismus auf der Spur. Freiburg/München: Verlag Karl Alber 2019 (Marij van Strien) -- Chapter 15. Bernt Österman (Ed.), “Skriv så ofta du kan”: Brevväxlingen mellan Georg Henrik von Wright och Eino Kaila 1937 – 1958 [“Write as often as You Can”: The Correspondence between Georg Henrik von Wright and Eino Kaila 1937 – 1958.]. Helsingfors: Svenska Litteratursällskapet 2020 (Sami Pihlström) -- Index.
    Abstract: This book is the first systematic and historical account of the Vienna Circle that deals with the relation of logical empiricists with religion as well as theology. Given the standard image of the Vienna Circle as a strong anti-metaphysical group and non-religious philosophical and intellectual movement, this book draws a surprising conclusion, namely, that several members of the famous Moritz Schlick-Circle - e.g., the left wing with Rudolf Carnap, Otto Neurath, Philipp Frank, Edgar Zilsel, but also Schlick himself - dealt with the dualisms of faith/ belief and knowledge, religion and science despite, or because of their non-cognitivist commitment to the values of Enlightenment. One remarkable exception was the philosopher and Rabbi Joseph Schächter, who wrote explicitly on religion and philosophy after the linguistic turn. The book also covers another puzzling figure: the famous logician Kurt Gödel, who wrote on theology and the ontological proof of God in his so far unpublished notebooks. The book opens up new perspectives on the Vienna Circle with its internal philosophical and political pluralism and is of value to philosophers, historians and anybody who is interested in the relation between science and religion. .
    URL: Cover
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  • 25
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    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783030961138
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXI, 371 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 459
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Phenomenology .
    Abstract: Introduction -- Part I. A Phenomenological Conception of Experiential Justification. 1. Motivating PCEJ -- 2. Perceptual Justification -- 3. Intuitional Justification -- 4. How to Supplement Mentalist Evidentialism: Phenomenological Principles are the Fundamental Epistemological Principles! -- Part II. Husserl as a Proponent of PCEJ -- 5. Husserl as a Moderate Foundationalist -- 6. The Nature and Systematic Role of Evidence: Husserl as a Proponent of Mentalist Evidentialism -- 7. Husserl's Conception of Experiential Justification -- 8. Husserl’s Universal Empiricism as a Moderate Rationalism -- 9. Husserl’s Phenomenological Intuitionism -- Part III. Transcendental Phenomenology as the Ultimate Science. 10. Transcendental Phenomenology as an Epistemological Project -- 11. New Ways to Transcendental Phenomenology -- 12. Transcendental Phenomenology as the Project of Ultimate Elucidation -- Part IV. The Phenomenological Foundations of the Individual Sciences. 13. Sources of Knowledge: The Correlational A Priori -- 14. The Phenomenological Foundations of Mathematics: Introducing a Phenomenological Intuitionism -- 15. Phenomenological Approaches to Physics -- Conclusion -- Index.
    Abstract: This book offers a phenomenological conception of experiential justification that seeks to clarify why certain experiences are a source of immediate justification and what role experiences play in gaining (scientific) knowledge. Based on the author's account of experiential justification, this book exemplifies how a phenomenological experience-first epistemology can epistemically ground the individual sciences. More precisely, it delivers a comprehensive picture of how we get from epistemology to the foundations of mathematics and physics. The book is unique as it utilizes methods and insights from the phenomenological tradition in order to make progress in current analytic epistemology. It serves as a starting point for re-evaluating the relevance of Husserlian phenomenology to current analytic epistemology and making an important step towards paving the way for future mutually beneficial discussions. This is achieved by exemplifying how current debates can benefit from ideas, insights, and methods we find in the phenomenological tradition.
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  • 26
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    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783030933296
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIX, 156 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Logic, Argumentation & Reasoning, Interdisciplinary Perspectives from the Humanities and Social Sciences 26
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Logic. ; Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1. Discoverability Explained: Optimizing the Eco-Cognitive Situatedness -- 2. Curing Eco-Cognitive Situatedness: Diagnosticability, Affordances, Abduction -- 3. Eco-Cognitive Openness and Eco-Cognitive Closure: Locking or Unlocking Strategies? “Knowledge in Motion” Defended -- 4. Jeopardizing Discoverability Epistemic Irresponsibility: Human Creative Abduction Attacked -- 5. The Future of Eco-Cognitive Settings Computationally or Humanly Tailored? -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: The book analyses the concept of discoverability, and some current epistemological problems related to it, with a special attention to science. It shows that discoverability is closely related to the sustainability of human creativity in an "eco-cognitive" perspective. Advocating the need of an integral ecology and leveraging the important concept of abduction, it demonstrates that an ecology of human creativity should have priority over other needs, i.e that the first ecological duty is to protect and sustain discoverability. Enhancing discoverability will protect human creativity, and it is exactly human creativity, a form of innovative abductive cognition, that can promote the implementation of the other kinds of ecology. The author guides readers through a comprehensive discussion on the concept of discoverability, eco-cognitive situatedness, and eco-cognitive openness and closure alike. By describing some key real-world examples, he highlights the main challenges that are currently posed to human creativity and epistemic integrity. He also describes future eco-cognitive settings, discussing the problem of overcomputationalism and suggesting a reinterpretation of the role of human knowledge. Overall, this book fills an important gap in the literature on the nexus abduction – creativity – discovery, offering a source of inspiration to philosophers, epistemologists, and cognitive scientists. Yet, it also addresses researchers in other disciplines interested in the problems of scientific discovery and epistemic integrity of research.
    URL: Cover
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  • 27
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783030924867
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVI, 272 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 451
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Ethics.
    Abstract: Introduction (C. Austin, A. Marmodoro and A. Roselli) -- 1. What's dynamic about causal powers? A black box! (Anna Marmodoro) -- 2. Toppling the pyramids. Physics without physical state monism (William M. R. Simpson and Simon Horsley) -- 3. Dispositional essentialism in the eternalist block (Andrea Roselli) -- 4. A dynamic B theory of time (Robert C.Koons) -- 5. Libertarian freedom in an eternalist world? (Ben Page) -- 6. The temporal structure of agency (Janice Chik) -- 7. Freedom of the will and rational abilities (Erasmus Mayr) -- 8. The power to will freely: how to re-think about the problem of free will without laws of nature (Daniel De Haan) -- 9. Laws loosened (Helen Steward) -- 10. The problem of radical freedom (Andreas Hüttemann) -- 11. How the libet tradition can contribute to understanding human action rather than free will (Sofia Bonicalzi and Mario de Caro) -- 12. The Consequence Argument and an ontology of dispositions (Mauro Dorato) -- 13. Super-Humeanism and mental causation (Michael Esfeld).
    Abstract: This book brings together twelve original contributions by leading scholars on the much-debated issues of what is free will and how can we exercise it in a world governed by laws of nature. Which conception of laws of nature best fits with how we conceive of free will? And which constraints does our conception of the laws of nature place on how we think of free will? The metaphysics of causation and the metaphysics of dispositions are also explored in this edited volume, in relation to whether they may or may not be game-changers in how we think about both free will and the laws of nature. The volume presents the views of a range of international experts on these issues, and aims at providing the reader with novel approaches to a core problem in philosophy. The target audience is composed by academics and scholars who are interested in an original and contemporary approach to these long-debated issues. Chapters [2] and [4] are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
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  • 28
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783030903596
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(IX, 171 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 452
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Linguistics. ; Philosophy, Medieval.
    Abstract: 1. From William of Ockham to contemporary Ockhamism and back again: an overview (Alessio Santelli) -- 2. The Metaphysics of Ockhamism (Andrea Iacona) -- 3. The Metaphysics of Passage in Dynamical Reduction Models of Quantum Mechanics (Giuliano Torrengo and Cristian Mariani) -- 4. Ockham on Time (Cecilia Trifogli) -- 5. Future Contingents in a Branching Universe (Mitchell S. Green) -- 6. Ockhamistic Inspiration in Modern Tense-Logic (Peter Øhrstrøm and David Jakobsen) -- 7. Ockhamism without Molinism (Jacek Wawer) -- 8. Presentism, Ockhamism and Truth-Grounding (Fabrice Correia and Sven Rosenkranz) -- 9. A too thin true future: The problem of grounding within presentist TRL semantics (Ciro De Florio and Aldo Frigerio).
    Abstract: This book discusses fundamental topics on contemporary Ockhamism. The collected essays show how contemporary Ockhamism can impact areas of research such as semantics, metaphysics and also the philosophy of science. In addition, the volume hosts one historian of Medieval philosophy who investigates the way in which William of Ockham “in flesh and bone” construed time and, more generally, future contingency. The essays explore the different meanings of this theory. They cover three main topics, in particular. The first examines the thesis that sentences and propositions about the future have a definite truth value, without any ensuing commitment to determinism or fatalism. The second topic looks at the problem whether the branching-time model needs to countenance a privileged branch (the so-called Thin Red Line). Finally, the third topic considers the idea that there are so-called soft facts. These would be the subject matter of sentences and propositions verbally about the present or the past, but metaphysically about a later time, and which might change in the future. Overall, the book provides an updated and rigorous idea of the debate about Ockhamism. It gives readers a deeper understanding into this philosophical approach influenced by William of Ockham, characterized by the rejection of the Aristotelian idea that, in order to preserve the contingency of the future, future contingents must be deemed neither true nor false.
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783030906887
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIX, 596 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 453
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Abstract: Preface -- Introduction -- Philosophy and Sciences. Part I. Philosophy and Foundations of Sciences. 1. Syntactically recharacterizing analogies, assessing theories of assessing analogies by Jody Azzouni -- 2. The Metaphoric Sources of Scientific Innovation by Sergio F. Martínez and Natalia Carrillo -- 3. Science, Metaphors, and Memes by Peter Ludlow -- 4. Demystifying mysteries. How metaphors and analogies extend the reach of the human mind by Maarten Boudry, Michael Vlerick and Taner Edis -- Part II. Mathematics. 5. A two-level model of embodied mathematical thinking: Body schema, body image and language by Valentina Cuccio, Mario Graziano -- 6. Synthesis and similarity in science: analogy in the application of mathematics and application of mathematics to analogy by Jordi Cat -- 7. Metaphor and its catenary curves by Alice Major -- 8. Mathematical Models and Analogical Reasoning by Mark Colyvan -- Part III. Theoretical Physics. 9. Analogies and Scientific Imaging by Otávio Bueno -- 10. Analogies and Metaphors in Physics by Dennis Dieks -- 11. Is the Brain Analogous to a Quantum Measuring Apparatus? by Paavo Pylkkänen -- Part IV. Biology/Cognitive Science. 12. “Decoding information”: The abuse of personification and machine metaphors by David Ritchie -- 13. The Metaphorical Role of the Histone Code by Gry Oftedal -- 14. Analogical and non-analogical resemblance in figurative language: a cognitive-linguistic perspective by Francisco José Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez -- 15. Inner and Outer: FrpAom Skepticism to Understanding by Edward Witherspoon -- Humanities. Part V. Social Sciences -- 16. From words to worlds. How metaphors and language shape mental health by Francesca Brencio -- 17. Mapping friendship and friendship research: the role of analogies and metaphors by Claus Emmeche -- 18. Words and worlds of desire: the power of metaphor in framing sexuality by Veronika Koller -- 19. The Human Condition is an Ocean: Philosophy and the Mediterranean Sea by Annika Döring and Rasmus Grønfeldt Winther -- 20. Universality and/or cultural specificity of metaphors and analogies? NATIONS as BODIES/PERSONS by Andreas Musolff -- 21. Metaphors in times of a global pandemic by Brigitte Nerlich -- 22. Fluffy metaphors of an overheated debate: Why climate change is neither communicated nor understood as an existential threat? by Bálint Forgács and Csaba Pléh -- Part VI. Arts and Aesthetics. 23. Mediterranean Sea-Creature: Maritime Metaphor in the Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche by Annika Döring and Peregrine Horden -- 24. How to See: The Gaze in Iris Murdoch’s Moral Philosophy by Hibi Pendleton -- 25. From statics to dynamics: Intersemiotic conversion of metaphor and its consequences by Miloš Tasić & Dušan Stamenković -- 26. Form, Meaning and Intentionality: The Case of Metaphor in Music by Mihailo Antović -- 27. From Philosophy to Architecture to Philosophy: Boundary and Metaphor in Wittgenstein by Nana Last.
    Abstract: In this highly-interdisciplinary volume, we systematically study the role of metaphors and analogies in (mis)shaping our understanding of the world. Metaphors and Analogies occupy a prominent place in scientific discourses, as they do in literature, humanities and at the very level of our thinking itself. But when misused they can lead us astray, blinding our understanding inexorably. How can metaphors aid us in our understanding of the world? What role do they play in our scientific discourses and in humanities? How do they help us understand and skillfully deal with our complex socio-political scenarios? Where is the dividing line between their use and abuse? Join us as we explore some of these questions in this volume.
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031117329
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VIII, 199 p. 3 illus., 1 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Anticipation Science 7
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy of mind. ; Self. ; Technology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Chapter 1. What I am not, and why -- Chapter 2. Identity discovered -- Chapter 3. .The Big Three: Class, Gender, Race -- Chapter 4. BeyonCd identity -- Chapter 5. Pioneers towards fluid identities -- Chapter 6. Destination identities -- Chapter 7. Weirding world -- Chapter 8. Humans as synthesizers -- Chapter 9. Humans in the Holocene Epoch -- Chapter 10. Anthropocene Epoch? -- Chapter 11. What is a dator? -- Chapter 12. Indivollectivity Now?? -- Chapter 13. Technology, values, and change -- Chapter 14. Ad Astra!. .
    Abstract: This book is an argument for moving beyond culturally/historically/ethnically/biologically-grounded identity as the necessary foundation of an authentic self. It highlights examples of people who are attempting to inhabit identities they feel are more appropriate to themselves, by deploring the damage done via claims about authentic identity. The sole theme of this book is “becoming beyond identity”. We are not fixed human beings but rather perpetually-dynamic human becomings. As intelligence is enabled or recognized beyond the merely human, we should welcome our continuing evolution from homosapiens, sapiens, into many varieties of intelligences on Earth and the cosmos.This book builds from tiny ripples into a tsunami of examples from conventional identity studies, to Confucian human becomings, to apotemnophilia, to DIY biohacking, to cyborgs, to artilects, to hiveminds, to intelligence in animals, plants and fungi from the Holocene through the beginnings of the precarious, climate change-driven Anthropocene Epoch, with hints far beyond and throughout the cosmos. From a lifetime of work in future studies, anticipation science and space studies, the author balances frank tales of his own experiences and beliefs concerning his uncertain and fluid identities with those of others who tell their stories. In addition to material from academic and popular sources, a few poems further illuminate the scene.
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783030936877
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(IX, 421 p. 4 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Institute Vienna Circle, University of Vienna Vienna Circle Society, Society for the Advancement of Scientific World Conceptions 27
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Sociology. ; Science—History. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Part I: Edgar Zilsel: Philosopher, Historian, Sociologist -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. From the Problem of Genius to the Integration of Philosophy, History, and Sociology of Science: Edgar Zilsel’s Life and Work Viewed in the Context of Recent Historiography and Research -- Chapter 3. The Circumstances of Edgar Zilsel’s Failed Habilitation. A Case Study on the Instigations of Anti-Semitic and Conservative Academic Networks in the 1920s at the University of Vienna -- Chapter 4. On Thermodynamics and Society: Zilsel’s Epistemology and Politics Across Disciplinary Boundaries -- Chapter 5. Edgar Zilsel: Excellent Qualifications of an Awkward Man -- Chapter 6. The Law of Large Numbers. Edgar Zilsel’s Attempt at the Foundation of Physical and Socio-historical Laws -- Chapter 7. Facts of Nature or Products of Reason? Edgar Zilsel Caught Between Ontological and Epistemic Conceptions of Natural Laws -- Chapter 8. Applications and Applicability. Zilsel’s Criticism of Carnap’s Early View on Protocol Statements -- Chapter 9. Laws, Causality, and Retribution – Hans Kelsen and Edgar Zilsel. A Marginal Note -- Chapter 10. How to Explain the Modern Personality Cult. Some Reflections on Edgar Zilsel’s Studies on the Modern Genius-Veneration -- Chapter 11. Insufficient Recognition: Comparing Julian Hirsch’s and Edgar Zilsel’s Analyses of the Glorification of Personalities -- Chapter 12. The Religion of Genius Taken Seriously. Edgar Zilsel’s Die Geniereligion (1918) Reviewed as a Critical Philosophical Treatise -- Chapter 13. The Epistemological Foundations of the Zilsel Thesis -- Chapter 14. Social and Epistemic Interactions Between Artisans and Scholars in Iberia. A Zilselian Reading of Early Modern Maritime Expansion -- Chapter 15. Engineering and Mathematical Logic. Another ‘Zilsel-Case’ From the History of Computing -- Chapter 16. Zilsel’s Genius, or the Epistemic Fecundity of Neutrality -- Chapter 17. Zilsel, Zilsel: Reconnecting With an Intellectual Legacy That Deserves to be Revived -- Part II: General Part -- Chapter 18. Pragmatism and the A Priori: Lewis, Carnap and Ramsey -- Chapter 19. The First Vienna Circle: What Kind of Formation Was it—and Why Does it Matter? -- Chapter 20. Obituary: Jacques Bouveresse (1940-2021). How to Remain Rationalist in a Postmodern World? -- Part III: Reviews -- Chapter 21. David Edmonds, The Murder of Professor Schlick: The Rise and Fall of the Vienna Circle, Princeton: Princeton University Press 2020; Karl Sigmund, Exact Thinking in Demented Times: The Vienna Circle and the Epic Quest for the Foundations of Science, New York: Basic Books 2017; Karl Sigmund, Sie nannten sich der Wiener Kreis: Exaktes Denken am Rand des Untergangs, Vienna: Springer 2018 -- Chapter 22. Eva-Maria Engelen (Ed.), Kurt Gödel: Philosophische Notizbücher/Philosophical Notebooks. Volume 1 and Volume 2, Berlin: De Gruyter 2019/2020 -- Chapter 23. Dejan Makovec/Stewart Shapiro (Eds.), Friedrich Waismann: The Open Texture of Analytic Philosophy, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan 2019 -- Chapter 24. Cheryl Misak, Frank Ramsey: A Sheer Excess of Power, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2020.
    Abstract: This book provides a new all-round perspective on the life and work of Edgar Zilsel (1891-1944) as a philosopher, historian, and sociologist. He was close to the Vienna Circle and has been hitherto almost exclusively referred to in terms of the so-called “Zilsel thesis” on the origins of modern science. Much beyond this “thesis”, Zilsel’s brilliant work provides original insights on a broad number of topics, ranging from the philosophy of probability and statistics to the concept of “genius”, from the issues of scientific laws and theories to the sociological background of science and philosophy, and to the political analysis of the problems of his time. Praised by Herbert Feigl as an “outstanding brilliant mind”, Zilsel, being as a Social-Democrat of Jewish origins, mostly led a life of hardship marked by emigration and coming to a sudden and tragic end by suicide in 1944. The impossibility of an academic career has hindered the reception of Zilsel’s scientific work for a long time. This volume is a contribution to its late reception, providing new insights especially into his work during his years in Vienna; moreover, it shows the heuristic value of Zilsel’s ideas for future Scholar research – in philosophy, history, and sociology.
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  • 32
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031148651
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(X, 325 p. 20 illus., 15 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Comparative Philosophy of Religion 3
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Miracles
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Religion—Philosophy. ; Religions. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Wunder ; Wundergeschichte ; Religionsphilosophie ; Vergleichende Religionswissenschaft
    Abstract: Chapter 1: Introduction -- Part I: Miracles in Religious Traditions -- Chapter 2: How to Tell a Miracle Story: The Amazing Deeds of Young Krishna -- Chapter 3: Inconvenient Wonders: Ambivalence in Hasidism about the Miraculous Powers of the Tsaddik -- Chapter 4: Qur’anic Miracle Stories: Surprising Implications for Theodicy, Transience, and Freedom -- Chapter 5: Expecting the Unexpected: Pentecostal Miracles as Performance, Production, and Placeholder -- Part II: Miracles in Polemics -- Chapter 6: On Miracles in the Vimalakīrti Sūtra during Early Medieval Period of China -- Chapter 7: “By Whose Authority?” Polemical and Political Uses of Miracle Stories -- Part III: Miracles of Healing -- Chapter 8: Miracle as Natural: A Contemporary Chinese American Religious Healer -- Chapter 9: What Miracles in the Global South Contribute to Understanding the Human Condition -- Part IV: Miracles and Morality -- Chapter 10: The Ethics of Wonder: Miracles, Magic, and Morality in Devotional Hinduism -- Chapter 11: Miracles: Two Lakota Case Studies -- Part V: Miracles, Logic, and Science -- Chapter 12: Miracles in Philosophical Analysis -- Chapter 13: Non-Interventionist Objective Divine Action and Quantum Mechanics -- Chapter 14 Miracles and the Uniformity of Nature -- Chapter 15: Investigating Miracles -- Part VI: Miracles and Mysticism -- Chapter 16: Changed in a Flash: How One Woman Was Struck by Lightning, Talked to God, and Came Back to Dream the Future -- Part VII: Comparative Conclusions -- Chapter 17: On the Epistemic Function of Miracles -- Chapter 18: Miracles: So What?.
    Abstract: This volume provides a comparative philosophical investigation into a particular concept from a variety of angles—in this case, the concept of “miracle.” The text covers deeply philosophical questions around the miracle, with a multiplicity of answers. Each chapter brings its own focus to this multifaceted effort. The volume rejects the primarily western focus that typically dominates philosophy of religion and is filled with particular examples of miracle narratives, community responses, and polemical scenarios across widely varying religious contexts and historical periods. Some of these examples defy religious categorization, and some papers challenge the applicability of the concept “miracle,” which is of western and monotheistic origin. By examining miracles thru a wide comparative context, this text presents a range of descriptive content and analysis, with attention to the audience, to the subjective experiences being communicated, and to the flavor of the narratives that come to surround miracles. This book appeals to students and researchers working in philosophy of religion and science, as well those in comparative religion. It represents, in written form, some of the perspectives and dialogue achieved in The Comparison Project’s 2017–2019 lecture series on miracles. The Comparison Project is an enterprise in comparing a variety of religious voices, allowing them to stand in dialogue. .
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  • 33
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783030894887
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIX, 378 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 447
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Science—History.
    Abstract: Foreword -- Preface -- Introduction -- 1. What is Materialism? History and Concepts (Javier Pérez-Jara, Gustavo E. Romero, and Lino Camprubí) -- 2. Systemic Materialism (Gustavo E. Romero) -- 3. Discontinuous Materialism (Javier Pérez-Jara) -- 4. Quantum Matter (Gustavo E. Romero) -- 5. Spacetime is material (Luciano Combi) -- 6. Systemic Materialism in Biology (Rafael González del Solar) -- 7. Mind and Matter (Íñigo Ongay de Felipe) -- 8. Materialism and the History of Science (Lino Camprubí) -- 9. Materialism, Logic, and Mathematics (Carlos M. Madrid Casado) -- 10. The Material Nature of Software (Miguel A. Quintanilla Fisac) -- 11. Mathematics Refer to Material Entities / Mathematics do not Refer to Material Entities (Gustavo E. Romero and Carlos M. Madrid Casado) -- 12. Emergent Materialism Implies Continuism / Emergent Materialism Does Not Imply Continuism (Íñigo Ongay and Javier Pérez-Jara) -- 13. Materialism is False / Materialism is Not False (Graham Harman and Javier Pérez-Jara) -- Name Index -- Subject Index.
    Abstract: Materialism has been the subject of extensive and rich controversies since Robert Boyle introduced the term for the first time in the 17th century. But what is materialism and what can it offer today? The term is usually defined as the worldview according to which everything real is material. Nevertheless, there is no philosophical consensus about whether the meaning of matter can be enlarged beyond the physical. As a consequence, materialism is often defined in stark exclusive and reductionist terms: whatever exists is either physical or ontologically reducible to it. This conception, if consistent, mutilates reality, excluding the ontological significance of political, economic, sociocultural, anthropological and psychological realities. Starting from a new history of materialism, the present book focuses on the central ontological and epistemological debates aroused by today’s leading materialist approaches, including some little known to an anglophone readership. The key concepts of matter, system, emergence, space and time, life, mind, and software are checked over and updated. Controversial issues such as the nature of mathematics and the place of reductionism are also discussed from different materialist approaches. As a result, materialism emerges as a powerful, indispensable scientifically-supported worldview with a surprising wealth of nuances and possibilities.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783030899219
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVIII, 547 p. 44 illus., 18 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Women in the History of Philosophy and Sciences 11
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy—History. ; Feminism. ; Feminist theory. ; Philosophy, Modern. ; Enlightenment. ; Gravitation. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Introduction -- Part 1: Du Châtelet Between Leibniz and Kant -- Chapter 1. Émilie Du Châtelet Between Leibniz and Kant. Eberhard and the Transcendental Turn (Ruth Hagengruber) -- Chapter 2. The Significance of Du Châtelet's Proof of the Parallelogram of Forces (Katherine Dunlop) -- Chapter 3. Du Châtelet's Contribution to the Concept of Time. History of Philosophy between Leibniz and Kant (Clara Carus) -- Chapter 4. The Reception of Émilie Du Châtelet in the German Enlightenment in the Light of the Controversy over Monads (Andrea Reichenberger) -- Chapter 5. Émilie du Châtelet in the Correspondence between Christian Wolff and Ernst Christoph of Manteuffel (Hanns-Peter Neumann) -- Part 2:Methodical Questions: Du Châtelet Between Leibniz and Newton -- Chapter 6. Three French Newtonians and their Leibniz Background (Hartmut Hecht) -- Chapter 7. Les corps agissent sur la lumière." Émilie Du Châtelet's Deliberations on the Nature of Light in her Essai sur l'optique (Fritz Nagel) -- Chapter 8. Émilie Du Châtelet's Epistemology of Hypotheses (Gianni Paganini) -- Chapter 9. Émilie Du Châtelet’s Institutions physiques considered as a philosophy of science based on the history of science (Dieter Suisky) -- Chapter 10. Leibnizian Causes in a Newtonian World - Émilie Du Châtelet on Causation (Ansgar Lyssi) -- Chapter 11. Du Châtelet on Newtonian Attraction (Marco Storni) -- Part 3: Du Châtelet and Newton -- Chapter 12. Making Scientific Theories: Émilie Du Châtelet's Circle and the Newtonian "Revolution" (Robyn Arianrhod) -- Chapter 13. Émilie Du Châtelet and Newton’s Principia (Michel Toulmonde) -- Chapter 14. Du Châtelet’s Commentary on Newton’s Principia: An Assessment (George Smith) -- Part 4: Du Châtelet in Italy -- Chapter 15. Émilie Du Châtelet and Italy. The Italian translation of Émilie Du Châtelet's Institutions physiques in intellectual context (Sarah Hutton) -- Chapter 16. Du Châtelet in Italy: Who was behind Du Châtelet’s Italian Translation? (Romana Bassi) -- Part 5: Du Châtelet in France -- Chapter 17. "Anonymity and Ambition": Émilie Du Châtelet's Dissertation du feu (1744) (Keiko Kawashima) -- Chapter 18. "D'une marquise l'autre. Mme Du Châtelet et les Enretiens sur la pluralité des mondes de Fontenelle" (Christophe Martin) -- Chapter 19. Scientia Sexualis: Voltaire, La Mettrie and Émilie Du Châtelet on Love (Gabor Boros) -- Chapter 20. Émilie Du Châtelet and La Mettrie (Anne Thomson) -- Chapter 21. Natural Pleasure: Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis’s Contribution to a Materialist Conception of the Erotic (Waltraud Ernst) -- Chapter 22. The Influence of Epicurean thought on Mme Du Châtelet's Discours sur le Bonheur (Alexsandra Gierault) -- Chapter 23. Self-Deception and Illusions of Esteem: Contextualizing Châtelet's Challenge (Andreas Blank) -- Chapter 24. Mme Du Châtelet, Clandestine Philosopher (Susan 24. Seguin) -- Chapter 25. Mme Du Châtelet, a heterodox philosopher reads the Bible (Bertram Schwarzbach) -- Part 6: Du Châtelet: Manuscript and Editing History -- Chapter 26. Les manuscrits d‘Émilie Du Châtelet conservés à la Bibliothèque nationale de Russie (Natalia Speranskaja) -- Chapter 27. Printing Du Châtelet's Institutions de Physique: The Variant Texts (Ronald Smelzer) -- List of abbreviations.
    Abstract: The present book contextualizes Du Châtelet’s contribution to the philosophy of her time. The editor offers this tribute to an Époque Émilienne as a collection of innovative papers on Emilie Du Châtelet’s powerful philosophy and legacy. Du Châtelet was an outstanding figure in the era she lived in. Her work and achievements were unique, though not an exception in the 18th century, which did not lack outstanding women. Her personal intellectual education, her scholarly network and her mental acumen were celebrated in her time, perceiving her to have “multiplied nine figures by nine figures in her head”. She was able to gain access to institutions which were normally denied to women. To call an epoch an Époque Émilienne may be seen as daring and audacious, but it will not be the last time if we continue to bring women philosophers back into the memory of the history of philosophy. The contributors paid attention to the philosophical state of the art, which forms the background to Du Châtelet’s philosophy. They follow the transformation of philosophical concepts under her pen and retrace the impact of her ideas. The book is of interest to scholars working in the history of philosophy as well as in gender studies. It is of special interest for scholars working on the 18th century, Kant, Leibniz, Wolff, Newton and the European Enlightenment.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9783030848873
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(X, 356 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Veröffentlichungen des Instituts Wiener Kreis 32
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Europe—History.
    Abstract: 1. Einleitung: Logischer Empirismus, Lebensreform und die deutsche Jugendbewegung -- 2. The Winding Road to Logical Empiricism: Philosophers of Science and the Youth Movement -- 3. Der Philosoph Friedrich Jodl (1849-1914) – Ein Vorausgänger des Wiener Kreises -- 4.Sprache Transnational: Rudolf Carnap und die Esperanto-Bewegung -- 5.Hans Reichenbach and the Freistudentenschaft: School Reform, Pedagogy, and Freedom -- 6.Youth and Politics at the End of the Great War: Rudolf Carnap’s “Politische -- Rundbriefe” of 1918 -- 7.Philosophenkrieger? – Wie Carnap & Co. den Ersten Weltkrieg sahen -- 8.Die religiösen Ursprünge des Nonkognitivismus bei Carnap -- 9.Carnap, Reichenbach, Freyer. Non-Cognitivist Ethics and Politics in the Spirit of the German Youth Movement -- 10.The Constitution of geistige Gegenstände in Carnap’s Aufbau and the Importance of Hans Freyer -- 11.Otto Neurath, Emil Lederer und der Max-Weber-Kreis -- 12.Sie diskutieren sehr gern, aber sehr dilettantisch.“ Carnaps Vorträge am Dessauer Bauhaus.-13. Michael Buckmiller Karl Korsch und der Logische Empirismus. Ambivalenzen, Kritik, Perspektiven.
    Abstract: This open-access book is the first to investigate the roots of Logical Empiricism in the context of the Life Reform and the German Youth Movements. Rudolf Carnap and Hans Reichenbach are the key protagonists; they both belonged to the German Youth Movement and developed their early philosophical views in this setting. By combining scholarly essays with unpublished and hard to access manuscripts, letters, and articles, this volume recasts our understanding of the early years of Logical Empiricism.
    Note: Open Access
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783030963323
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXVII, 402 p. 4 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics 62
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Pragmatism.
    Abstract: Chapter 1: The epistemological problem of scientific objectivity -- Chapter 2: Axiomatic thought and philosophy from neo-scholasticism to neo-realism -- Chapter 3: For a historical-critical epistemology. From the critique of epistemology to critical epistemology -- Chapter 4: Language and ontology between science and hermeneutics -- Chapter 5: The axiological dimensions of scientific research -- Chapter 6: The ideal models and the problem of the scientific method -- Chapter 7: Epistemology as hermeneutics of knowledge -- Chapter 8: Pragmatism and Objectivity. .
    Abstract: This book offers a comprehensive analysis on the evolution of philosophy of science, with a special emphasis on the European tradition of the twentieth century. At first, it shows how the epistemological problem of the objectivity of knowledge and axiomatic knowledge have been previously tackled by transcendentalism, critical rationalism and hermeneutics. In turn, it analyses the axiological dimension of scientific research, moving from traditional model of science and of scientific methods, to the construction of a new image of knowledge that leverages the philosophical tradition of the Milan School. Using this historical-epistemological approach, the author rethinks the Kantian Transcendental, showing how it could be better integrated in the current philosophy of science, to answer important questions such as the relationship between science and history, scientific and social perspectives and philosophy and technology, among others. Not only this book provides a comprehensive study of the evolution of European Philosophy of Science in the twentieth century, yet it offers a new, historical and epistemological-based approach, that could be used to answers many urgent questions of contemporary societies.
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9783030983734
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVI, 247 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 461
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Chemistry, Physical and theoretical. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The historical origins of quantum chemistry by Ana Simoes -- Quantum chemistry as an “in-between” discipline by Kostas Gavroglu -- Quantum chemistry from a pragmatic pluralist perspective by Hasok Chang -- The role of quantum chemistry in the relation between chemistry and physics by Hinne Hettema -- Molecular structure and quantum mechanics by Robin Hendry -- The periodic table from a quantum viewpoint by Eric Scerri -- About the ontology of quantum chemistry by Olimpia Lombardi and Juan Camilo Martínez González -- Quantum chemistry and affordances by Jean-Pierre Lorred -- The Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules from a quantum perspective by Sebastian Fortin and Jesús Jaimes Arriaga -- Atoms and molecules in quantum chemistry by Brian Sutcliffe -- Quantum chemistry and the representationalist view of models by Hernán Accorinty and Juan Camilo Martínez González.
    Abstract: This book explores the philosophy and the foundations of quantum chemistry. It features chapters written by experts in the field. The contributions analyze quantum chemistry as a discipline, in particular, its relation with both chemistry and physics from the viewpoint of realism and reduction. Coverage includes such topics as quantum chemistry as an “in-between” discipline, molecular structure and quantum mechanics, quantum chemical models, and atoms and molecules in quantum chemistry. The interest of this book is twofold. First, the contributions aim to update and refresh the discussions regarding the foundations of quantum chemistry. Second, they seek to develop new philosophical perspectives that this discipline can suggest to philosophers of science. From its origins, quantum chemistry filled a problematic position in the disciplinary space. On the one hand, it is a branch of theoretical chemistry. On the other hand, it appeals essentially to theoretical tools coming from physics. This peculiar position triggered conceptual questions about its own identity. Inside this book, readers will find updated discussions on the foundations and the philosophy of this complex discipline.
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9783030994259
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VII, 292 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Jerusalem Studies in Philosophy and History of Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Cognitive psychology. ; Philosophy of mind. ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Metaphysics.
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction (Meir Hemmo, Stavros Ioannidis, Orly Shenker, Gal Vishne) -- Chapter 2. Phenomenality and Accessibility of Conscious Experience (Katalin Balog) -- Chapter 3. Levels of Reality and Levels of Description (Yemima Ben-Menahem) -- Chapter 4. Levels of Reality and the Method of Metaphysics (Michael Esfeld) -- Chapter 5. Can the Extended Current-Physics Reply Avoid Hempel's Dilemma? (Erez Firt) -- Chapter 6. How Context Can Determine the Identity of Physical Computation (Nir Fresco) -- Chapter 7. The Incremental Chain of Being (John Heil) -- Chapter 8. How to Carve Nature at its Joints (Meir Hemmo & Orly Shenker) -- Chapter 9. Fleeing from Flat Physicalism (Carl Hoefer) -- Chapter 10. Is Mechanistic Investigation Reductive? (Arnon Levy) -- Chapter 11. Levels in the Mentaculus (Barry Loewer) -- Chapter 12. Structural Interpretation and Reductionism (Holger Lyre) -- Chapter 13. Physicalism: Flat or Egalitarian? (Gualtiero Piccinini) -- Chapter 14. Levels of Mechanism: Constitution vs Causation (Stathis Psillos & Stavros Ioannidis) -- Chapter 15. Rethinking the Unity of Science Hypothesis: Levels, Mechanisms, and Realization (Lawrence Shapiro) -- Chapter 16. Supervenience, Levels, and Probability (Elliott Sober).
    Abstract: This book offers a unique perspective on one of the deepest questions about the world we live in: is reality multi-leveled, or can everything be reduced to some fundamental ‘flat’ level? This deep philosophical issue has widespread implications in philosophy, since it is fundamental to how we understand the world and the basic entities in it. Both the notion of ‘levels’ within science and their ontological implications are issues that are underexplored in the philosophical literature. The volume reconsiders the view that reality contains many levels and opens new ways to understand the ontological status of the special sciences. The book focuses on major open questions that arise at the foundations of cognitive science, cognitive psychology, brain science and other special sciences, in particular with respect to the physical foundations of these sciences. For example: Is the mental computational? Do brains compute? How can the special sciences be autonomous from physics, grounded in, or based on, physics and at the same time irreducible to physics? The book is an important read for scientists and philosophers alike. It is of interest to philosophers of science, philosophers of mind and biology interested in the notion of levels, but also to psychologists, cognitive scientists and neuroscientists investigating such issues as the precise relation of the mental to the underlying neural structures and the appropriate approach to study it.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783030915971
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VIII, 255 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 57
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Moral and ethical aspects. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mass media—Moral and ethical aspects.
    Abstract: Preface -- Part 1. Analyses of the Responsibility of Science -- 1. Responsibility in Science: The Philosophical View (Hans Lenk) -- 2. Science as a Profession and its Responsibility (Harald A. Mieg) -- 3. Corporate Responsibility: A Principle of Responsive Adjustment (Peter A. French) -- Part 2. The Social Sciences View: Structural Conditions for Science Responsibility -- 4. Science Policy: From the Linear Model to Responsible Research and Innovation (Philip Macnaghten) -- 5. European Law: The Precautionary Principle and Science-based Innovation in Europe (Ellen Vos & Kristel de Smedt) -- 6. History of Science: Ambivalence(s) in the Research and use of Nuclear Energy (Horst Kant) -- Part 3. The Scientists' Voice on the Responsibility of Science -- 7. Between Parrhesia and Fake: Scientific Responsibility Today (Rainer E. Zimmermann) -- 8. On the Responsibility of Science for Guaranteeing Human Rights: In the Fight Against Human Degradation, Racism, and Anti-Semitism (Klaus Fuchs-Kittowski) -- 9. The Ambivalences of the Digital: Humans and Technologies Between new Options (dreams) and (un)noticeable Losses (Hartmut Graßl et al.)- Index.
    Abstract: This open acccess book provides an overview of issues of scientific responsibility. The volume comprises three types of contributions: first, analyses of the responsibility of science; second, analyses of the structural conditions for science and its responsibility; and third, normative versions of scientific responsibility. The questions and problems dealt with include science as a profession, ambivalence of research and dual-use, innovation vs. precaution, notions of responsibility, the role of science within society and its relation to human rights, as well as scientific and public discourses. The book addresses scholars in the fields of Science Studies and Research Policy.
    Note: Open Access
    URL: Cover
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783319310695
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(170 illus., 85 illus. in color. eReference.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Encyclopedia of early modern philosophy and the sciences
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Science—History. ; History. ; Philosophy—History.
    Abstract: This Encyclopedia offers a fresh, integrated and creative perspective on the formation and foundations of philosophy and science in European modernity. Combining careful contextual reconstruction with arguments from traditional philosophy, the book examines methodological dimensions, breaks down traditional oppositions such as rationalism vs. empiricism, calls attention to gender issues, to ‘insiders and outsiders’, minor figures in philosophy, and underground movements, among many other topics. In addition, and in line with important recent transformations in the fields of history of science and early modern philosophy, the volume recognizes the specificity and significance of early modern science and discusses important developments including issues of historiography (such as historical epistemology), the interplay between the material culture and modes of knowledge, expert knowledge and craft knowledge. This book stands at the crossroads of different disciplines and combines their approaches – particularly the history of science, the history of philosophy, contemporary philosophy of science, and intellectual and cultural history. It brings together over 100 philosophers, historians of science, historians of mathematics, and medicine offering a comprehensive view of early modern philosophy and the sciences. It combines and discusses recent results from two very active fields: early modern philosophy and the history of (early modern) science. Editorial Board EDITORS-IN-CHIEF Dana Jalobeanu University of Bucharest, Romania Charles T. Wolfe Ghent University, Belgium ASSOCIATE EDITORS Delphine Bellis University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Zvi Biener University of Cincinnati, OH, USA Angus Gowland University College London, UK Ruth Hagengruber University of Paderborn, Germany Hiro Hirai Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Martin Lenz University of Groningen, The Netherlands Gideon Manning CalTech, Pasadena, CA, USA Silvia Manzo University of La Plata, Argentina Enrico Pasini University of Turin, Italy Cesare Pastorino TU Berlin, Germany Lucian Petrescu Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium Justin E. H. Smith University de Paris Diderot, France Marius Stan Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA Koen Vermeir CNRS-SPHERE + Université de Paris, France Kirsten Walsh University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031154249
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 239 p. 57 illus., 20 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    Series Statement: Springer Biographies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Political science. ; Sociology—Methodology. ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Political science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: Popper revolutionizes the philosophy of science -- Popper becomes a defender of an open society -- Popper revisits his philosophy of science -- Why Popper defends indeterminism -- Popper meets his Critics -- Popper reflects on the mind and the self -- Popper turns to Evolutionary Biology -- Popper – the Public Intellectual -- Conclusion -- Bibliography.-Index.
    Abstract: Karl R. Popper is widely regarded as one of the most influential 20th century philosophers. In this new biography, Weinert provides a comprehensive and accessible account of his life and work, also addressing Popper’s role as a public intellectual. Drawing on a wide range of sources and interviews with former colleagues and collaborators, he recounts not only the wide interest from the scientific community, but also the inspiration that politicians took from Popper’s work. The book surveys the vast and varied intellectual landscape of Popper's philosophical journey during his long career: from the natural and social sciences (physics, evolution, sociology to political philosophy and the philosophy of mind. It pays significant attention to Popper’s critical method - i.e., the notion that ideas and institutions should be exposed to rigorous tests – the approach that led him to a fervent defence of objectivity, rationality and realism, against all forms of irrationalism, as well as a passionate advocacy of freedom, social justice and liberal democracy, against all forms of authoritarianism. The book brings Popper into focus as a modern Enlightenment philosopher.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Springer | [S.l.] : SpringerLink [Online-Anbieter]
    ISBN: 9781402044250 , 9781402049606
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (digital)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Encyclopaedia of the history of science, technology, and medicine in non-Western cultures
    RVK:
    Keywords: Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematics. ; Physics. ; Astronomy. ; Medical sciences. ; Science ; Wörterbuch ; Nichtwestliche Welt ; Naturwissenschaften ; Technik ; Medizin ; Geschichte ; Medizin ; Technik ; Wissenschaft ; Nichtwestliche Welt ; Geschichte
    Abstract: The second edition of this landmark encyclopaedia will contain approximately 1000 entries dealing in depth with the history of the scientific, technological and medical accomplishments of cultures outside of the United States and Europe. The entries consist of fully updated articles together with hundreds of entirely new topics. This unique reference work includes: Intercultural articles on broad topics such as Mathematics and Astronomy Philosophical articles on concepts and ideas related to the study of non-Western Science, such as Rationality, Objectivity, and Method, Religion and Science, East and West, and Magic and Science Articles on topics such as Native American Mathematics, Polynesian Navigation, Korean Maps, and African Metallurgy Biographical articles for those cultures where individual scientists are known to us, such as China and the Islamic world.
    URL: Cover
    URL: Cover
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Springer
    ISBN: 9783642481383
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Studies in the Foundations Methodology and Philosophy of Science 3/2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Science (General) ; Science—Philosophy. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Abstract: III Applying Scientific Ideas -- 9. Explanation -- 10. Prediction -- 11. Action -- IV Testing Scientific Ideas -- 12. Observation -- 13. Measurement -- 14. Experiment -- 15. Concluding -- Author Index.
    Abstract: This volume is a logical sequel of Volume I, The Search for System: indeed, it concerns the ways theoretical systems are put to work and subjected to test. Yet it can be read independently by anyone familiar with some factual theories, referring back to Volume I when necessary. Special Symbols AS;B the set A is included in the set B AvB the union of the sets A and B AnB the common part of the sets A and B aEB the individual a is in (or belongs to) the set A Card (A) cardinality (numerosity) of the set A AxB Cartesian product of the sets A and B en(A) consequence(s) of the set A of assumptions equals by definition =dt definition Dt· some x (or there is at least one x such that) (3 x) e empirical datum e* translation of e into a semiempirical, semitheoreticallanguage h hypothesis m(r) measured value of the degree r m(;) average (or mean) value of a set of measured values of ,; P-jT T presupposes P p, q arbitrary (unspecified) propositions (statements) P(x) x has the property P (or x is a P) {xl P(x)} set of the x such that every x is a P pVq p and/or q (inclusive disjunction) p &q p and q (conjunction) p-+q if p, then q (conditional or implication) p if and only if q (biconditional or equivalence) p-q sum over i 2:; t theorem, testable consequence.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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