ISBN:
9781598298581
Language:
English
Pages:
1 Online-Ressource (60 Seiten)
Edition:
Also available in print
Series Statement:
Synthesis Lectures on Human-Centered Informatics #1
Series Statement:
Synthesis lectures on human-centered informatics
Parallel Title:
Print version Common Ground in Electronically Mediated Conversation
DDC:
302.23
Keywords:
Clark, Herbert H Knowledge
;
Language and languages
;
Clark, Herbert H.
;
Using language
;
Telematics
;
Language and languages Computer programs
;
Language and languages
;
Language and languages
;
SOCIAL SCIENCE
;
Telematics
;
Media Studies
;
Telematics
;
Electronic books
;
Electronic books
;
Electronic books
Abstract:
Technologies that electronically mediate conversation, such as text-based chat or desktop video conferencing, draw on theories of human-human interaction to make predictions about the effects of design decisions. This lecture reviews the theory that has been most influential in this area: Clark's theory of language use. The key concept in Clark's theory is that of common ground. Language is viewed as a collaborative activity that uses existing common ground to develop further common ground and, hence, to communicate efficiently. The theory (a) defines different kinds of common ground, (b) formalizes the notion of collaborative activity as a "joint action," and (c) describes the processes by which common ground is developed through joint action. Chapter 1 explains why a purely cognitive model of communication is not enough and what is meant by the phrase "collaborative activity." Chapter 2 introduces the idea of common ground and how it is used in language through an example of two people conversing over a video link. Chapter 3 indicates where the interested reader can find out about the antecedents to Clark's theory. Chapter 4 sets out the fundamental concepts in Clark's theory. Chapter 5 uses five published case studies of electronically mediated communication to illustrate the value of the theory. These include studies of a computer-supported meeting room (Cognoter), a video tunnel that supports gaze awareness, video conferencing in medical consultation, and text chat
Abstract:
Motivation, conversation as a collaborative activity -- Production [plus] comprehension [does not equal] communication -- Collaboration in language use -- Overview, developing common ground, an example -- Scientific foundations -- The theory in more detail -- Fundamentals -- Face-to-face conversation is "basic" -- Face-to-face conversation involves more than just words -- Face-to-face conversation is a joint action -- Face-to-face conversation uses common ground to minimize the effort required to communicate -- Face-to-face conversation develops common ground -- Grounding, levels, layers, and tracks -- Case studies, applying the theory to electronically mediated communication -- The costs of grounding (Clark and Brennan) -- Why Cognoter did not work (Tatar, Foster, and Bobrow) -- Gaze awareness: an experimental study of resources for grounding (Monk and Gale) -- Predicting the peripherality of peripheral participants (Monk) -- Peripheral participants in text chat, putting words in people's mouths (Healey and Mills) -- Current status -- Further reading
Description / Table of Contents:
Common Ground in Electronically Mediated Conversation; Synthesis Lectures on Human-Centered Informatics; ABSTRACT; Keywords; Preface; Contents; Chapter 1 Motivation-Conversation as a Collaborative Activity; 1.2 COLLABORATION IN LANGUAGE USE; Chapter 2 Overview-Developing Common Ground, An Example; Chapter 3 Scientific Foundations; Chapter 4 The Theory in More Detail; 4.1 FUNDAMENTALS; 4.1.2 Face-to-Face Conversation Involves More Than Just Words; 4.1.3 Face-to-Face Conversation is a Joint Action
Description / Table of Contents:
4.1.4 Face-to-Face Conversation Uses Common Ground to Minimize the Effort Required to Communicate4.1.5 Face-to-Face Conversation Develops Common Ground; 4.2 GROUNDING, LEVELS, LAYERS, AND TRACKS; Chapter 5 Case Studies-Applying the Theory to Electronically Mediated Communication; 5.1 THE COSTS OF GROUNDING (CLARK AND BRENNAN); 5.2 WHY COGNOTER DID NOT WORK (TATAR, FOSTER, AND BOBROW); 5.3 GAZE AWARENESS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF RESOURCES FOR GROUNDING (MONK AND GALE); 5.4 PREDICTING THE PERIPHERALITY OF PERIPHERAL PARTICIPANTS (MONK); Chapter 6 Current Status; Chapter 7 Further Reading
Description / Table of Contents:
References
Description / Table of Contents:
Motivation, conversation as a collaborative activity -- Production [plus] comprehension [does not equal] communication -- Collaboration in language use -- Overview, developing common ground, an example -- Scientific foundations -- The theory in more detail -- Fundamentals -- Face-to-face conversation is "basic" -- Face-to-face conversation involves more than just words -- Face-to-face conversation is a joint action -- Face-to-face conversation uses common ground to minimize the effort required to communicate -- Face-to-face conversation develops common ground -- Grounding, levels, layers, and tracks -- Case studies, applying the theory to electronically mediated communication -- The costs of grounding (Clark and Brennan) -- Why Cognoter did not work (Tatar, Foster, and Bobrow) -- Gaze awareness: an experimental study of resources for grounding (Monk and Gale) -- Predicting the peripherality of peripheral participants (Monk) -- Peripheral participants in text chat, putting words in people's mouths (Healey and Mills) -- Current status -- Further reading.
Note:
Description based upon print version of record
,
Also available in print.
,
System requirements: Adobe Acrobat reader.
,
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
DOI:
10.2200/S00154ED1V01Y200810HCI001
Permalink
