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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa (1900)
    Washington : National Academies Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780309048989
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p)
    Series Statement: Population dynamics of Sub-Saharan Africa
    Parallel Title: Print version Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa
    DDC: 304.60967
    Keywords: Africa, Sub-Saharan ; Economic conditions ; Africa, Sub-Saharan ; Population ; Electronic books ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- DIVERSITY OF ECONOMIC EXPERIENCES -- DATA AND METHODOLOGY -- HYPOTHESES -- FINDINGS -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Economic and Demographic Overview of Sub-Saharan Africa and the Seven Countries Studied -- ECONOMIC CHANGE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA -- ECONOMIC EXPERIENCE OF THE SEVEN STUDY COUNTRIES -- DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA AND THE SEVEN STUDY COUNTRIES -- 3 Conceptual Framework and Hypotheses -- TYPES OF FLUCTUATIONS -- EFFECTS OF FLUCTUATIONS ON HOUSEHOLD RESOURCES -- EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN HOUSEHOLD RESOURCES ON DEMOGRAPHIC EVENTS -- SHORT-TERM VARIATION IN PREINDUSTRIAL EUROPE -- MEASURING SHORT-TERM VARIATION IN OTHER POPULATIONS -- THE RELEVANCE FOR AFRICA OF RESULTS FROM OTHER STUDIES -- 4 Methodology -- TYPES OF MODELS -- ECONOMIC VARIABLES AND SECULAR TRENDS -- CONTROL VARIABLES -- MEHTODOLOGY FOR ANALYSIS OF MARRIAGE AND BIRTHS -- METHODOLOGY FOR ANALYSIS OF CHILD MORTALITY -- HYPOTHESIS TESTING AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS -- 5 Country Results -- BOTSWANA -- Economic Experience -- Demographic Outcomes -- GHANA -- Economic Experience -- Independence Through 1974 -- 1974 to 1983 -- 1983 to 1988 -- Demographic Outcomes -- KENYA -- Economic Experience -- 1963 to 1973 -- 1973 to 1980 -- 1978 On -- Demographic Outcomes -- NIGERIA -- Economic Experience -- Demographic Outcomes -- SENEGAL -- Economic Experience -- Demographic Outcomes -- TOGO -- Economic Experience -- Demographic Outcomes -- UGANDA -- Economic Experience -- Demographic Outcomes -- 6 Cross-National Comparisons -- INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY -- MARRIAGE -- FIRST BIRTH -- SECOND BIRTH -- CONCLUSION -- 7 Caveats and Conclusions -- APPENDIXES -- A Economic Data -- COUNTRY DATA -- Data on Gross Domestic Product, Terms of Trade, and Export Quantities -- GDP.
    Description / Table of Contents: ""Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa""; ""Copyright""; ""Preface""; ""Contents""; ""Executive Summary""; ""DIVERSITY OF ECONOMIC EXPERIENCES""; ""DATA AND METHODOLOGY""; ""HYPOTHESES""; ""FINDINGS""; ""1 Introduction ""; ""2 Economic and Demographic Overview of Sub-Saharan Africa and the Seven Countries Studied ""; ""ECONOMIC CHANGE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA""; ""ECONOMIC EXPERIENCE OF THE SEVEN STUDY COUNTRIES""; ""DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA AND THE SEVEN STUDY COUNTRIES""; ""3 Conceptual Framework and Hypotheses ""; ""TYPES OF FLUCTUATIONS""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""EFFECTS OF FLUCTUATIONS ON HOUSEHOLD RESOURCES""""EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN HOUSEHOLD RESOURCES ON DEMOGRAPHIC EVENTS""; ""SHORT-TERM VARIATION IN PREINDUSTRIAL EUROPE""; ""MEASURING SHORT-TERM VARIATION IN OTHER POPULATIONS""; ""THE RELEVANCE FOR AFRICA OF RESULTS FROM OTHER STUDIES""; ""4 Methodology ""; ""TYPES OF MODELS""; ""ECONOMIC VARIABLES AND SECULAR TRENDS""; ""CONTROL VARIABLES""; ""MEHTODOLOGY FOR ANALYSIS OF MARRIAGE AND BIRTHS""; ""METHODOLOGY FOR ANALYSIS OF CHILD MORTALITY""; ""HYPOTHESIS TESTING AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS""; ""5 Country Results ""; ""BOTSWANA""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""Economic Experience""""Demographic Outcomes""; ""GHANA""; ""Economic Experience""; ""Independence Through 1974""; ""1974 to 1983""; ""1983 to 1988""; ""Demographic Outcomes""; ""KENYA""; ""Economic Experience""; ""1963 to 1973""; ""1973 to 1980""; ""1978 On""; ""Demographic Outcomes""; ""NIGERIA""; ""Economic Experience""; ""Demographic Outcomes""; ""SENEGAL""; ""Economic Experience""; ""Demographic Outcomes""; ""TOGO""; ""Economic Experience""; ""Demographic Outcomes""; ""UGANDA""; ""Economic Experience""; ""Demographic Outcomes""; ""6 Cross-National Comparisons ""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY""""MARRIAGE""; ""FIRST BIRTH""; ""SECOND BIRTH""; ""CONCLUSION""; ""7 Caveats and Conclusions ""; ""APPENDIXES""; ""A Economic Data ""; ""COUNTRY DATA""; ""Data on Gross Domestic Product, Terms of Trade, and Export Quantities""; ""GDP""; ""TT""; ""EXQ""; ""Producer Prices and Other Data""; ""WORLD COMMODITY PRICE DATA""; ""B Demographic and Health Surveys ""; ""References""
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Review of the Department of Energy Classification : Policy and Practice (1900)
    Washington : National Academies Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780309053389
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p)
    Parallel Title: Print version Review of the Department of Energy Classification : Policy and Practice
    DDC: 304.609663
    Keywords: Security classification (Government documents) ; United States ; United States ; Dept. of Energy ; Electronic books ; Electronic books
    Abstract: A REVIEW OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CLASSIFICATION POLICY AND PRACTICE -- Copyright -- PREFACE -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- THE CHANGING CONTEXT FOR CLASSIFICATION POLICY -- THE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM -- BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR DOE INFORMATION POLICY -- 1. Minimizing the areas that are classified -- 2. Shifting the burden of proof -- 3. Balancing costs and risks -- 4. Enhancing openness and public access -- TAKING THE INITIATIVE -- DEFINING THE INFORMATION SUBJECT TO CLASSIFICATION -- DECLASSIFYING DOCUMENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- CHAPTER 1 CONTEXT -- A. THE FORCES FOR CHANGE -- B. THE COMPETING INTERESTS -- C. PRACTICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL OBSTACLES TO CHANGE -- CHAPTER 2 A DESCRIPTION OF THE CURRENT SYSTEM -- A. CLASSIFICATION CONTROLS -- 1. Two Systems -- 2. Policy Coordination -- B. THE OPERATION OF THE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM -- C. THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT -- D. MANDATORY REVIEW FOR DECLASSIFICATION -- E. RECORDS RETENTION AND DESTRUCTION -- CHAPTER 3 BASIC PRINCIPLES AND PRIORITIES FOR CHANGE -- A. BASIC PRINCIPLES -- 1. Minimizing the areas that are classified -- 2. Shifting the burden of proof -- 3. Balancing costs and risks -- 4. Enhancing openness and public access -- B. PRIORITIES FOR LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY CHANGES -- 1. Amending the Atomic Energy Act (AEA) -- 2. Using the regulatory process -- CHAPTER 4 ISSUES IN CLASSIFICATION POLICY -- A. THE CASE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS INFORMATION -- 1. General policy issues -- 2. Transparency vis-à-vis the Russians -- B. THE SPECIAL CASE OF UCNI -- 1. The original purpose of UCNI -- 2. New uses of UCNI -- CHAPTER 5 DECLASSIFYING DOCUMENTS -- A. DEALING WITH EXISTING DOCUMENTS -- 1. Defining the problem -- 2. Setting priorities -- 3. Making the process work -- 4. Increasing effectiveness -- 5. Future improvements -- B. NEWLY GENERATED DOCUMENTS -- CHAPTER 6 INCENTIVES AND ACCOUNTABILITY.
    Description / Table of Contents: ""A REVIEW OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CLASSIFICATION POLICY AND PRACTICE""; ""Copyright""; ""PREFACE""; ""TABLE OF CONTENTS""; ""EXECUTIVE SUMMARY""; ""THE CHANGING CONTEXT FOR CLASSIFICATION POLICY""; ""THE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM""; ""BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR DOE INFORMATION POLICY""; ""1. Minimizing the areas that are classified""; ""2. Shifting the burden of proof""; ""3. Balancing costs and risks""; ""4. Enhancing openness and public access""; ""TAKING THE INITIATIVE""; ""DEFINING THE INFORMATION SUBJECT TO CLASSIFICATION""; ""DECLASSIFYING DOCUMENTS""; ""INTRODUCTION""; ""CHAPTER 1 CONTEXT""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""A. THE FORCES FOR CHANGE""""B. THE COMPETING INTERESTS""; ""C. PRACTICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL OBSTACLES TO CHANGE""; ""CHAPTER 2 A DESCRIPTION OF THE CURRENT SYSTEM""; ""A. CLASSIFICATION CONTROLS""; ""1. Two Systems""; ""2. Policy Coordination""; ""B. THE OPERATION OF THE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM""; ""C. THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT""; ""D. MANDATORY REVIEW FOR DECLASSIFICATION""; ""E. RECORDS RETENTION AND DESTRUCTION""; ""CHAPTER 3 BASIC PRINCIPLES AND PRIORITIES FOR CHANGE""; ""A. BASIC PRINCIPLES""; ""1. Minimizing the areas that are classified""; ""2. Shifting the burden of proof""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""3. Balancing costs and risks""""4. Enhancing openness and public access""; ""B. PRIORITIES FOR LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY CHANGES""; ""1. Amending the Atomic Energy Act (AEA)""; ""2. Using the regulatory process""; ""CHAPTER 4 ISSUES IN CLASSIFICATION POLICY ""; ""A. THE CASE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS INFORMATION""; ""1. General policy issues""; ""2. Transparency vis-à-vis the Russians""; ""B. THE SPECIAL CASE OF UCNI""; ""1. The original purpose of UCNI""; ""2. New uses of UCNI""; ""CHAPTER 5 DECLASSIFYING DOCUMENTS""; ""A. DEALING WITH EXISTING DOCUMENTS""; ""1. Defining the problem""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""2. Setting priorities""""3. Making the process work""; ""4. Increasing effectiveness""; ""5. Future improvements""; ""B. NEWLY GENERATED DOCUMENTS""; ""CHAPTER 6 INCENTIVES AND ACCOUNTABILITY""; ""A. STEPS TO CHANGE THE CULTURE""; ""B. THE ISSUE OF JUDICIAL REVIEW""; ""CHAPTER 7 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS""; ""A. BASIC PRINCIPLES""; ""B. PRIORITIES FOR LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY CHANGES""; ""C. ISSUES IN CLASSIFICATION POLICY""; ""D. DECLASSIFYING DOCUMENTS""; ""E. INCENTIVES AND ACCOUNTABILITY""; ""ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE REPORT""; ""References Cited""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""APPENDIX A CHARGE TO THE COMMITTE""""APPENDIX B BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS""; ""APPENDIX C AGENDA FOR JOINT NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES/DEPARTMENTOF ENERGY WORK SESSION ON DECLASSIFICATION LECTURE HALL�""; ""APPENDIX D COMMITTEE ON DECLASSIFICATION OF INFORMATION FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY'S ENVIRONMENTAL AND RELATED PROGRAMS""
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Common Destiny : Blacks and American Society (1900)
    Washington : National Academies Press
    Details
    ISBN: 9780309039987
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (624 p)
    Parallel Title: Print version Common Destiny : Blacks and American Society
    DDC: 305.896073
    Keywords: African Americans ; Economic conditions ; African Americans ; Politics and government ; African Americans ; Social conditions ; 1975- ; United States ; Race relations ; Electronic books ; Electronic books
    Abstract: A Common Destiny -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Summary and Conclusions -- SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDINGS -- Blacks and Whites in a Changing Society -- Determinants of Black Status -- A RECORD OF THE STATUS OF BLACK AMERICANS -- Attitudes, Participation, Identity, and Institutions -- Political Participation -- Economic Status -- Schooling -- Health -- Crime and Criminal Justice -- Children and Families -- THE FUTURE: ALTERNATIVES AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS -- Blacks' Status in the Near Future -- Residential Segregation -- Income and Poverty -- Policy Alternatives -- Black Perspectives -- CONCLUSION -- 1 Overview: Then and Now -- CHANGE AND CONTINUITY IN BLACK-WHITE STATUS SINCE 1940 -- The Baseline Cohort -- The Most Recent Cohort -- Uneven Changes -- DATA, FINDINGS, AND INTERPRETATIONS: CONCEPTS AND METHODS -- Study Methods -- Determinants of Black Status -- Interpreting Data -- Explaining Black-White Differences -- Residential Segregation and Its Effects -- Description of the Report -- REFERENCES -- NOTE -- 2 Black Participation in American Society -- THE BASELINE PERIOD: 1935-1945 -- Social Relations Under Jim Crow -- Migration and Urbanization -- Rising Black Protest -- BLACK PARTICIPATION IN SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS SINCE 1945 -- The Military -- Desegregation of the Armed Forces -- The Modern Military -- Public Schools -- Trends in School Desegregation -- Effects of School Desegregation -- Resegregation Within Desegregated Schools -- Blacks, Whites, and School Desegregation -- PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS AND WORK ENVIRONMENTS -- Workplaces -- Labor Unions and Equal Employment -- RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION -- Metropolitan Areas -- Neighborhoods -- BLACK PARTICIPATION IN SOCIAL LIFE SINCE 1945 -- Churches And Religious Life -- Organized Sports -- ARTS AND ENTERTAINMENT -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 3 Racial Attitudes and Behavior.
    Description / Table of Contents: ""A Common Destiny""; ""Copyright""; ""Contents""; ""Preface""; ""Summary and Conclusions""; ""SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDINGS""; ""Blacks and Whites in a Changing Society""; ""Determinants of Black Status""; ""A RECORD OF THE STATUS OF BLACK AMERICANS""; ""Attitudes, Participation, Identity, and Institutions""; ""Political Participation""; ""Economic Status""; ""Schooling""; ""Health""; ""Crime and Criminal Justice""; ""Children and Families""; ""THE FUTURE: ALTERNATIVES AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS""; ""Blacks' Status in the Near Future""; ""Residential Segregation""; ""Income and Poverty""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""Policy Alternatives""""Black Perspectives""; ""CONCLUSION""; "" 1 Overview: Then and Now ""; ""CHANGE AND CONTINUITY IN BLACK-WHITE STATUS SINCE 1940""; ""The Baseline Cohort""; ""The Most Recent Cohort""; ""Uneven Changes""; ""DATA, FINDINGS, AND INTERPRETATIONS: CONCEPTS AND METHODS""; ""Study Methods""; ""Determinants of Black Status""; ""Interpreting Data""; ""Explaining Black-White Differences""; ""Residential Segregation and Its Effects""; ""Description of the Report""; ""REFERENCES""; ""NOTE""; "" 2 Black Participation in American Society ""; ""THE BASELINE PERIOD: 1935-1945""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""Social Relations Under Jim Crow""""Migration and Urbanization""; ""Rising Black Protest""; ""BLACK PARTICIPATION IN SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS SINCE 1945""; ""The Military""; ""Desegregation of the Armed Forces""; ""The Modern Military""; ""Public Schools""; ""Trends in School Desegregation""; ""Effects of School Desegregation""; ""Resegregation Within Desegregated Schools""; ""Blacks, Whites, and School Desegregation""; ""PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS AND WORK ENVIRONMENTS""; ""Workplaces""; ""Labor Unions and Equal Employment""; ""RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION""; ""Metropolitan Areas""; ""Neighborhoods""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""BLACK PARTICIPATION IN SOCIAL LIFE SINCE 1945""""Churches And Religious Life""; ""Organized Sports""; ""ARTS AND ENTERTAINMENT""; ""CONCLUSION""; ""REFERENCES""; "" 3 Racial Attitudes and Behavior""; ""THE EMPIRICAL RECORD: 1940-1986""; ""Change in Racial Attitudes: An Overview""; ""White Attitudes""; ""The Scientific American Reports""; ""Social Distance""; ""SOCIAL POLICY, SOCIAL CONTEXT, AND RACIAL ATTITUDES""; ""Black Attitudes""; ""Support for Principles and Implementation Policies""; ""Black Alienation from White Society""; ""BLACK AND WHITE PREFERENCES FOR BLACK-WHITE RELATIONS""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""CONTEMPORARY BLACK-WHITE RELATIONS""""Public Accommodations and Retail Establishments""; ""Racial Attitudes and Discrimination In Housing""; ""Housing and Socioeconomic Status""; ""Discrimination in the Workplace""; ""EXPLANATIONS OF BLACK AND WHITE ATTITUDES TOWARD RACE""; ""Three Interpretations""; ""Competing Values""; ""The Meaning of Racial Equality""; ""Group Status""; ""CONCLUSIONS""; ""REFERENCES""; "" 4 Identity and Institutions in the Black Community""; ""SOCIAL STRUCTURE""; ""Before the Civil Rights Movement""; ""A Segregated Society""; ""Black Cultural Life""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""After the Civil Rights Movement""
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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