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  • 1
    ISBN: 9783031171147
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (280 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Computer Science Series v.13558
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 302.30285
    Keywords: Interactive computer systems-Congresses ; Interactive computer systems-Evaluation ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Intro -- Preface -- Organization -- Contents -- Social Cybersecurity -- Chasing the Wrong Cloud: Mapping the 2019 Vaping Epidemic Using Data from Social Media -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 3 Results -- 4 Related Work -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Mitigation of Optimized Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Disruptions by Criminal Agents -- 1 Introduction and Background -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Supply Chain Model -- 2.2 Disruptions -- 2.3 The Criminal Agent -- 2.4 Simulation and Optimization -- 3 Results -- 4 Summary and Outlook -- References -- Evolution of Intent and Social Influence Networks and Their Significance in Detecting COVID-19 Disinformation Actors on Social Media*-8pt -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Data -- 3.2 An Information Theoretic Approach to Intent Measurement -- 3.3 Disinformation Classification -- 4 Results -- 5 Discussions and Conclusions -- References -- Classifying COVID-19 Related Meta Ads Using Discourse Representation Through a Hypergraph -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Dataset -- 4 Methodology -- 4.1 Hypergraph Construction for Meta Ads -- 4.2 Hypergraph Attention Network -- 5 Experiment -- 5.1 RQ1: Evaluation on Text Classification Task -- 5.2 RQ2: Discourse Identification in Categories -- 6 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- A Systematic Approach for Contextualizing Focal Structure Analysis in Social Networks -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Research Problem Statement -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Modified Adjacency Matrix for CFSA -- 3.2 Stepwise Description of the CFSA Algorithm -- 4 Results -- 5 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Frames and Their Affective Dimensions: A Case Study of Climate Change News Articles -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data and Method -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Frame Prediction -- 3.2 Frames in EPA -- 3.3 Reshare Count of Frames -- 4 Discussion -- References.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing AG | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    ISBN: 9783031125430
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (246 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Series Statement: Perspectives in Pragmatics, Philosophy and Psychology Series v.30
    DDC: 306.44
    Keywords: Linguistics-Philosophy ; Electronic books
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9783030564377
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (210 pages)
    Series Statement: Perspectives in Pragmatics, Philosophy and Psychology Ser. v.27
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.44
    Keywords: Pragmatics ; Language and languages-Philosophy ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Introduction: Inquiries in Philosophical Pragmatics - Theoretical Developments -- References -- Three Mistakes About Semantic Intentions -- Mistake (I): Intending to Refer -- Objection 1: Implausible Starting Point -- Objection 2: Incomplete -- Objection 3: Redundant -- Objection 4: Misleading -- Mistake (II): Intending to Communicate -- Mistake (III): Constraints on Intentions -- References -- Common-Knowledge-Based Pragmatics -- A Coordination Problem Model of Communication -- Two Problems with the Gricean Answer -- Common Knowledge Generators -- Generating Common Knowledge in Communication Coordination Problems -- Social Roles -- Context -- Common Knowledge-Based Pragmatics -- Appendix -- References -- The Primacy of Semantics and How to Understand It -- Introduction -- The Territorial Wars: Semantics Versus Pragmatics -- The Pragmaticist Proposal -- The Semanticists Strike Back: A Radical Proposal -- The Guidance Proposal -- The Isolation Strategy and Why It Is Misleading -- Anaphora and Guided Saturation -- Conclusion -- References -- 'Few', 'A Few', 'Only': Negative Quantifier Noun Phases and Negative Polarity Items - The Horn-Atlas Debate 1991-2018 -- Historical Introduction -- "Only Proper Name" and "Few N" Sentences: Entailments, Implicata, and Monotonicity -- Zwarts's (1996) De Morgan Taxonomy of Negative Noun Phrases -- "Only Proper Name": The Standard View (Geach 1962, Pre-2002 Horn) -- "Only Proper Name": The Stuttgart View (Atlas 1991, 1996) -- The Post-Horn (1996) Pragmatic View -- The Standard View of Few N: Chomsky (1972), Horn (1989, pp. 244-250), Zwarts (1996) -- The Atlas View of Few N -- Assertion and the Division of Semantic Labor -- Peter Geach's Account of "Only Proper Name" Sentences: Excluding Force -- What Are Geach's Options?.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783030566968
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (255 pages)
    Series Statement: Perspectives in Pragmatics, Philosophy and Psychology Ser. v.28
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.44
    Keywords: Pragmatics ; Linguistics ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Intro -- Contents -- Introduction. Inquiries in Philosophical Pragmatics: Linguistic and Theoretical Issues -- References -- Ceteris Paribusiness: On the Power of Salient Exceptions -- Constraints on he/man Language: McConnell-Ginet's Generalization -- Un-accommodation: The Szabó-von Fintel Constraint -- Conditionals: Sobel Sequences and Other Irreversibilia -- Plurals, Bare and Definite: (Non-)Maximality and (Non-)Homogeneity -- Universals, Exceptions, and Domain Adjustment -- Concluding Remarks -- Appendix: Sobel sequences, small screen scenarios, and Sunday sermons -- References -- I like you may actually implicate 'I love you': A reconsideration of some scalar implicatures -- Introduction -- Standard Scalar Implicatures -- What Is a Scalar Implicature? -- Scalar Implicature-Triggering Scales -- Horn scales -- Rank Orders -- Hirschberg Scales -- Computation -- Three Cases of Non-canonical Scalar Implicature -- Chinese: From wo xihuan ni (I Like You) to wo ai ni (I Love You) -- Malagasy: Use of a General Noun for Personal Reference -- Chinese, Japanese, and English: Use of a Semantically Weak Scalar Expression out of Face/Politeness Considerations -- Compliment Responses -- Disapprovals/criticisms -- Announcements of Bad News -- A Novel Neo-Gricean Pragmatic Analysis -- Conclusions -- References -- Pragmatics and Grammar as Sources of Temporal Ordering in Discourse: The Case of And -- Introduction: Anaphoric Tenses, Anaphoric Scenarios -- The Meaning of Sentential And: Pragmatics or Grammar? -- From Implicature to What Is Said (and Back to the Lexicon) -- Coherence-Based Views -- Finding It in the Grammar -- And Enrichment: Finding the Culprit -- And Coordination in the Absence of Simple Past: Vox Populi -- Metafalsification as a Supplementary Method of Inquiry -- Examples: Five Case Studies -- And and the Degree of Eventhood.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9783030803872
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (353 pages)
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Computer Science Ser. v.12720
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 302.231
    Keywords: Online social networks-Psychological aspects-Congresses ; Interpersonal relations-Congresses ; Electronic books ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Intro -- Preface -- Organization -- Contents -- COVID-Related Focus -- Malicious and Low Credibility URLs on Twitter During the AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine Development -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data Collection and Processing -- 3 Low Credibility Information Sources -- 4 Malicious URLs -- 5 User Co-sharing Practices -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- How Political is the Spread of COVID-19 in the United States? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Data Collection -- 3.1 Department of Transportation Data -- 3.2 JHU CSSE COVID-19 Dataset -- 3.3 Other Sources -- 4 Methodology -- 4.1 K-Means Clustering -- 4.2 Calculating Infection Rate -- 4.3 Correlation Analysis -- 5 Analysis Results -- 5.1 Clustering US States -- 5.2 Correlation Analysis -- 5.3 Further Analysis for Travel Patterns After States' Reopening Dates -- 6 Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Applying an Epidemiological Model to Evaluate the Propagation of Misinformation and Legitimate COVID-19-Related Information on Twitter -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Analysis and Results -- 5 Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Optimization of Mitigation Strategies During Epidemics Using Offline Reinforcement Learning -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 2.1 SIR-Based Model for Epidemic Simulation -- 2.2 Markov Decision Process -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Extended Model for Epidemic Simulation (SI2R) -- 3.2 Reinforcement Learning for Optimization of Regulations -- 3.3 Offline Reinforcement Learning -- 4 Experiments -- 4.1 Dataset Description -- 4.2 Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Mining Online Social Media to Drive Psychologically Valid Agent Models of Regional Covid-19 Mask Wearing -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data -- 2.1 Mask-Wearing Data -- 2.2 CMU CASOS/IDeaS COVID-19 Twitter Data.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9783030217419
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (304 pages)
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Computer Science Ser. v.11549
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 302.23099999999999
    Keywords: Online social networks-Psychological aspects-Congresses ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Intro -- Preface -- Organization -- Contents -- Analyzing the Dabiq Magazine: The Language and the Propaganda Structure of ISIS -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 2.1 Before ISIS, There Is Al Qaeda -- 2.2 The Islamic State and Dabiq Magazine -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Characterizing Organizational Micro-climates in Structural Groups -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Organizational Climate Research and Identifying Climate Within Groups -- 3 Data -- 4 Method -- 4.1 Louvain Trees to Identify Groups of Interest -- 4.2 Using Text to Find and Characterize Micro-climates -- 5 Results -- 5.1 Structural Analysis -- 5.2 The Impact of Categorical Dominance on Micro-climates -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Pro/Con: Neural Detection of Stance in Argumentative Opinions -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 3 Dataset -- 4 Model -- 4.1 Parallel LM Units -- 4.2 Fusion and Classification -- 5 Evaluation -- 6 Results and Analysis -- 6.1 Effect of Max-pooling -- 6.2 Effect of Pre-trained LM -- 6.3 Sentiment Analysis -- 7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Modeling Gender Inequity in Household Decision-Making -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Intra-household Bargaining -- 2.1 Portfolios and Payoffs -- 3 External Interactions -- 3.1 An Example -- 4 Future Work -- References -- Bot Detection: Will Focusing on Recall Cause Overall Performance Deterioration? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Supervised Bot Detection Methods -- 3 Data for Supervised Bot Detection -- 3.1 Datasets -- 3.2 Feature Extraction -- 4 A Recall-Focused Approach - REFOCUS -- 4.1 Searching for a Trade-Off: Selecting -- 5 Experiments -- 5.1 Searching for the Right -- 5.2 Testing the Overall Performance -- 6 Conclusion and Future Directions -- References -- A Quantitative Portrait of Legislative Change in Ukraine -- Abstract.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783030191467
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (313 pages)
    Series Statement: Perspectives in Pragmatics, Philosophy and Psychology Ser. v.22
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.44
    Keywords: Pragmatics ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Intro -- Dedication -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Pragmatics and Philosophy (and the Semantics/Pragmatics Debate) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Contents of the Chapters -- 2.1 Part I: The Semantics/Pragmatics Debate -- 2.1.1 Chapter 2: On a Theory-Internal Problem in the Semantics/Pragmatics Debate: How to Resolve Grice's Circle -- 2.1.2 Chapter 3: On the Nature of Pragmatic Increments at the Truth-Conditional Level -- 2.1.3 Chapter 4: On the Tension Between Semantics and Pragmatics -- 2.1.4 Chapter 5: The Pragmatics of Referential and Attributive Expressions -- 2.1.5 Chapter 6: Knowing How and the Semantics/Pragmatics Debate -- 2.2 Part II: Indirect Reports and Presuppositions as Pragmatic Phenomena -- 2.2.1 Chapter 7: Quotation With and Without Quotation Marks -- 2.2.2 Chapter 8: Indirect Reports and Societal Pragmatics -- 2.2.3 Chapter 9: Maier on the Alleged Transparency of Mixed Quotation -- 2.2.4 Chapter 10: First Person Indirect Reports -- 2.2.5 Chapter 11: What Happens When We Report Grammatical, Lexical and Morphological Errors? -- 2.2.6 Chapter 12: Conversational Presuppositions. Presupposition as Defeasible (and Non-defeasible) Inference -- 2.2.7 Chapter 13: The Clitic 'Lo' in Italian, Propositional Attitudes and presuppositiOns -- References -- Part I: The Semantics/Pragmatics Debate -- Chapter 2: On a Theory-Internal Problem in the Semantics/Pragmatics Debate: How to Resolve Grice's Circle -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Pragmatic Intrusionism: A Story -- 3 Recent Views on the Semantics/Pragmatics Debate -- 4 Grice's Circle -- 5 Can Implicatures That Intrude into Propositional Forms Be Cancelled? -- 6 A Tentative Solution -- 6.1 GSDP -- 6.2 Revised GSDP -- 6.3 Revised GSDP -- 7 Towards a Redefinition of Pragmatics -- 8 A Closer Look at Explicatures -- 9 Does Bach's Proposal Avoid Grice's Circle? -- 10 Conclusion -- References.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9783319602400
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (370 pages)
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Computer Science Ser. v.10354
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 302.30284999999998
    Keywords: Electronic books
    Abstract: Intro -- Preface -- Organization -- Contents -- Behavioral and Social Sciences -- Inferring Follower Preferences in the 2016 U.S. Presidential Primaries with Sparse Learning -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Data -- 4 Methodology -- 4.1 Model Formulation -- 4.2 Coordinate Descent Algorithm -- 4.3 Model Selection -- 5 Empirical Results -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Detection and Analysis of 2016 US Presidential Election Related Rumors on Twitter -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Dataset -- 4 Rumor Detection -- 4.1 Rumor Detection Algorithms -- 4.2 Evaluation on Rumor Classification Task -- 4.3 Evaluation on Rumor Identification Task -- 5 Analyzing Rumor Tweets Pertaining to the Election -- 5.1 Which Side Posted the Most Rumors? -- 5.2 Who Posted These Rumors? -- 5.3 What Rumors Did They Post? -- 5.4 When Did They Post These Rumors? -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- How Emotional Support and Informational Support Relate to Linguistic Alignment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Automated Classification of Social Support Types -- 4 Linguistic Alignment Measures -- 5 Corpus -- 6 Alignment and Support Type at Post Level -- 6.1 Methods -- 6.2 Results -- 7 Discussion -- 8 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Gender Politics in the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election: A Computer Vision Approach -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Literature -- 3 Data and Methodology -- 3.1 Data -- 3.2 Modeling Gender Affinity -- 3.3 Statistical Testing -- 3.4 Gender Inference by Computer Vision -- 4 Case Study: The Woman Card -- 5 Limitations and Future Research -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Agent-Based Modeling Approach in Understanding Behavior During Disasters: Measuring Response and Rescue in eBayanihan Disaster Management Platform -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783319263151
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (532 pages)
    Series Statement: Environmental History Ser. v.5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Forests and forestry ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Intro -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1 Biocultural Diversity and Landscape in Europe: Framing the Issue -- Abstract -- 1.1 The UNESCO-SCBD Joint Programme -- 1.2 The Florence Meeting and the Need for an Interdisciplinary Approach -- 1.3 History, Biodiversity and Landscape -- 1.4 History and Biology -- 1.5 The Operational Level -- Annex: UNESCO-SCBD Florence Declaration on the Links Between Biological and Cultural Diversity -- References -- Part I Landscape Characters and Biocultural Diversity -- 2 The Traditional Mediterranean Polycultural Landscape as Cultural Heritage: Its Origin and Historical Importance, Its Agro-Silvo-Pastoral Complexity and the Necessity for Its Identification and Inventory -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Origin and Historical Path of the Mediterranean Garden and Polycultural Landscape -- 2.2.1 The Mediterranean Garden and Landscape Definition Requires Clarification -- 2.3 The Mediterranean Garden and Polycultural Landscape as Cross-Reference Type in Current Landscape Inventories and Typologies -- 2.4 Variability of the Complex Mediterranean Polycultural Land Mosaic Pattern Characterized by the Presence of Trees -- 2.5 Approaching a Polycultural Mediterranean Garden Definition -- 2.5.1 A First Description of the Complex Mediterranean Rural Landscape: The "Tavola Di Halaesa" -- 2.5.2 Landscape Ecology, Multifunctionality and Cultural Heritage of the Complex Mediterranean Agro-Silvo-Pastoral Landscape -- 2.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 Connections Between Natural and Cultural Diversities in the Landscape of the Małopolski Vistula Gorge and the Nałęczów Plateau (Eastern Poland) -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Area. Co-evolution of Man and Nature -- 3.2.1 The Area and Its Characteristic Features -- 3.2.2 The Małopolski Vistula Gorge -- 3.2.3 The Nałęczów Plateau -- 3.2.4 Urban Areas.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783319091808
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (268 pages)
    Series Statement: Environmental History Ser. v.4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Human ecology ; History.. ; Environmental sciences ; History ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This book is an introductory instrument to the main themes of environmental history, illustrating its development over time, methodological implications, results achieved and those still under discussion. But the overriding aspiration is to show that the doubts, methods and knowledge elaborated by environmental history have a heuristic value that is far from negligible precisely in its attitude to the most consolidated major historiography. For this reason, this book gives an overview of environmental history as it is an essential component of the basic knowledge of global history. At the same time, it introduces specific aspects which are useful both for anyone wanting to deepen his/her studies of environmental historiography and for those interested in one of the many disciplinary areas - from rural history to urban history, from the history of technology to the history of public health, etc. with which environmental history develops a dialogue.
    Abstract: Intro -- Environmental History and other Histories.A Foreword -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- 1 Energy in History -- Abstract -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Definitions and Concepts -- 1.2.1 An Economic Definition -- 1.2.2 Energy and Production -- 1.2.3 Energy and History -- 1.3 Pre-modern Organic Vegetable Economies -- 1.3.1 The First Age: Food -- 1.3.2 The Second Age: Fire -- 1.3.3 The Third Age: Agriculture -- 1.3.4 Main Features of the Organic Vegetable Economies -- 1.4 Modern Organic Fossil Economies -- 1.4.1 The Start of the Energy Transition -- 1.4.2 The Volume and Trend of Energy Consumption -- 1.4.3 The Process of Substitution -- 1.4.4 The Geography of Energy Production -- 1.4.5 The Price of Energy -- 1.4.6 Energy and Economy -- 1.4.7 Energy and Environment -- 1.4.8 The Future of Energy -- 1.5 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Economic History and the Environment: New Questions, Approaches and Methodologies -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Missing Role of Useful Work from Energy Carriers in Economic Growth -- 2.3 From Economic History to Social Metabolism and Beyond -- 2.4 The Socio-metabolic Profiles of Past Organic and Present Industrial Economies -- 2.5 Why the Industrial Revolution Began in a High Wage and Cheap Energy Economy -- 2.6 Land-Use and Livestock Breeding as a Crucial Metabolic Hinge for Yield Increase -- 2.7 Nature-Society Interaction Between a Malthusian Trap and a Smithian Response -- 2.8 From One Unsustainable Path to Another: The First Globalization as a Watershed -- 2.9 Was There a General Crisis of Biomass Energy Carriers in Europe? -- 2.10 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- Chap2 -- References -- 3 Environmental History of Soils -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 A Soil Science Primer -- 3.2.1 Soils and Their Fertility -- 3.2.2 Soil Functions and Threats to Soils -- 3.2.2.1 Erosion.
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