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  • GBV  (17)
  • Online Resource  (17)
  • 1980-1984  (11)
  • 1975-1979  (6)
  • Philosophy (General)  (17)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Sense of Injustice : Social Psychological Perspectives (1984)
    Boston, MA : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461326830
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (294p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Series Statement: Critical Issues in Social Justice
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology). ; Sociology.
    Abstract: One: Forms of Justice -- 1. Emerging Issues in the Social Psychology of Justice -- 2. The Multidimensionality of Justice -- 3. Fairness and Effectiveness in Predmeditated Helping -- Two: Antecedents of Justice Concerns -- 4. Catalysts for Collective Violence: The Importance of a Psychological Approach -- 5. Relative Deprivation and Equity Theories: Felt Injustice and the Undeserved Benefits of Others -- 6. On the Apocryphal Nature of Inequity Distress -- Three: Arenas of Justice -- 7. Justice in the Political Arena -- 8. Legal Justice and the Psychology of Conflict Resolution.
    Abstract: The importance of justice cannot be overstated. As one author has put it, "A better understanding of how justice concerns develop and function in people's lives should enable us to plan more effectively for institutional and other social change to deal with the problems that confront humankind" (S. C. Lerner, 1981, p. 466). The volume in which that statement appeared-an earlier one in this same series-was devoted to exploring the impact that dwindling resources and an increasing rate of change have had upon people's concern for justice. In contrast, the present volume places greater emphasis on the word under­ standing, as it was used in the context of the preceding quotation, than upon effective planning, social change, and ways of dealing with human problems. Nothing in that statement of purpose is meant to belittle the urgency of translat­ ing understanding into action, because the social significance of justice concerns is a major factor that has prompted the authors of the chapters in this book to do research in the area. Rather, this volume receives its emphasis from Kurt Lewin's famous dictum there is nothing so practical as a good theory. The need for good theory is ongoing, and these pages are dedicated to a search for new pathways toward better theory.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2683-0
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Annals of Theoretical Psychology : Volume 2 (1984)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781475791914
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 375 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Consciousness ; Psychoanalysis ; Difference (Psychology). ; Personality. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: 1 -- Sociobiology: Toward a Theory of Individual and Group Differences in Personality and Social Behavior -- Sociobiology and Differential Psychology: The Arduous Climb from Plausibility to Proof -- Sociobiology, Personality, and Genetic Similarity Detection -- Interaction between Biological and Cultural Factors in Human Social Behavior -- Group Differences, Genetic Similarity, and the Importance of Personality Traits: Reply to Commentators -- 2 -- Psychoanalysis as a Scientific Theory -- The Biological Origins of Psychological Phenomena -- Structure, Function, and Meaning -- The Heuristic Value of Freud -- Psychoanalysis as a Scientific Theory: Reply to Commentators -- 3 -- The Nature and Challenge of Teleological Psychological Theory -- Teleology Is Secondary to Theoretical Understanding in the Moral Realm -- On Reasons and Causes -- Ours Is to Reason Why -- Precedents and Professors—The Struggle Over Common Ground: Reply to Commentators -- 4 -- The Hypotheses Quotient: A Quantitative Estimation of the Testability of a Theory -- Logic and Psycho-logic of Science -- Sound Theories and Theory Soundings -- ... But Discretion Were the Better Part of Valor -- The Hypotheses Quotient: Reply to Commentators -- 5 -- What Is Necessarily True in Psychology? -- What Is Remarkable in Psychology? -- On the Limitations of Commonsense Psychology -- It Ain’t Necessarily So -- Psychology Cannot Take Leave of Common Sense: Reply to Commentators -- 6 -- Interactionism and the Person × Situation Debate: A Theoretical Perspective -- Theoretical Divergences in the Person-Situation Debate: An Alternative Perspective -- Persons, Situations, Interactions, and the Future of Personality -- Interactionism and Achievement Theory -- Interactionism and Control Theory -- Objectives and Questions in Personality Research: Reply to Commentators -- Author Index.
    Abstract: As such things happen, several manuscripts in the present volume were under review prior to the ones that appeared in Volume I of the Annals. A major difficulty encountered in the preparation of these volumes­ apart from working up to three years in advance of publication-is elic­ iting appropriate commentary. If this format is to succeed, the com­ mentary must be both engaging to the reader and satisfying to the author. It is not yet clear how successful we have been in this regard and, indeed, we do not feel bound to publish commentary with each manuscript that is accepted for publication. Nevertheless, we do invite readers' commentaries on published materials. The contributions by Jan Smedslund and Benjamin Wolman in this volume have been through an inordinately long publication lag. We have been in receipt of both manuscripts since early in 1981 and Dr. Smedslund, especially, has since clarified and advanced his views else­ where in print. K. B. Madsen and Joseph Rychlak submitted their man­ uscripts in the fall of 1981 while Michael Hyland and J. Philippe Rushton had first drafts of their manuscripts accepted for publication in the fall of 1982. We are grateful to our contributors for their expressed com­ mitment to the Annals and assure potential contributors that the delay in publication is a mere matter of getting the series off the ground.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-9191-4
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ergonomic Data for Equipment Design (1984)
    Boston, MA : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468449044
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 284 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Physics and Astronomy
    Series Statement: NATO Conference Series 25
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Konferenzschrift 1982 ; Konferenzschrift 1982
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-4904-4
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Personality, Roles, and Social Behavior (1982)
    New York, NY : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461394693
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (362p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Series Statement: Springer Series in Social Psychology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 150
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Sociology. ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology). ; Psychoanalysis.
    Abstract: 1. From Individuals to Group Members: A Dialectic for the Social Sciences -- Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft -- Dialectical Trends in Role Theory -- Dialectical Trends in Personality -- Dialectical Trends in Group Theory -- Conclusions -- 2. The Origin and Maintenance of Social Roles: The Case of Sex Roles -- Social Structures and Intentional Action -- The Case of Sex Roles -- Conclusions -- 3. Social Roles as Interaction Competencies -- Social Action as a Process of Commodity Exchange -- Structural Frames as Conditions of the Possibility of Face-To-Face Interaction -- Social Roles as Sets of Interaction Competencies -- 4. Determinants of Responsiveness in Dyadic Interaction -- The Nature of Responsiveness -- Consequences of Responsiveness -- Personality and Situational Determinants of the Reactions to Unresponsiveness -- Determinants of Responsiveness -- Attention -- Communication Accuracy -- Response Repertoire -- Motivation -- Conclusions -- 5. Personality and Nonverbal Involvement: A Functional Analysis -- Functions of Nonverbal Behavior -- Nonverbal Involvement and Functional Classification -- Personality Correlates of Nonverbal Involvement -- Functional Analysis of Normal Personality Differences -- Summary -- 6. The Forms of Social Awareness -- Awareness of the Social World -- The Representation of Persons in Thought -- The Instigation of Awareness Forms -- The Social Consequences of Awareness Forms -- Conclusion -- 7. Commitment, Identity Salience, and Role Behavior: Theory and Research Example -- Symbolic Interaction and Identity Theory -- Conclusion -- 8. Loss and Human Connection: An Exploration into the Nature of the Social Bond -- Attachment, Grief, and Loss -- Threads of Human Connectedness -- Patterns of Connectedness and Directions for Research -- 9. Changing Roles, Goals, and Self-Conceptions: Process and Results in a Program for Women’s Employment -- Nature and Scope of the Problem -- Nature of the Career Options Program at Houston Community College -- Characteristics of the Program Participants -- Results: Changes in Self-Conceptions and Development of Occupational Plans During the Program -- Antecedents of Change in the Self-Conception Dimensions -- Summary, Conclusions, and Implications -- 10. Discretionary Justice: Influences of Social Role, Personality, and Social Situation -- The Phenomenon of Discretionary Justice -- A Framework for Understanding Discretionary Justice -- Research Paradigms for Explaining Discretionary Justice -- Studies of Discretionary Justice -- Concluding Thoughts on Analyzing Discretionary Justice -- 11. A Basic Paradigm for the Study of Personality, Roles, and Social Behavior -- Birth of a Paradigm -- Description of the Paradigm -- Specific Applications -- A Preliminary Evaluation -- Additional Applications and Extensions -- Author Index.
    Abstract: Personality and Roles: Sources of Regularities in Social Behavior For behavioral scientists, whether they identify primarily with the science of psychology or with that of sociology, there may be no challenge greater than that of discovering regularities and consistencies in social behavior. After all, it is such regularities and consistencies that lend predictability to the behavior of individuals in social contexts-in particular, to those events that constitute dyadic interactions and group processes. In the search for behavioral consistencies, two theoretical constructs have emerged as guiding principles: personality and roles. The theoretical construct of personality seeks to understand regularities and consistencies in social behavior in terms of relatively stable traits, enduring dispositions, and other propensities (for example, needs, motives, and attitudes) that are thought to reside within individuals. Because it focuses primarily on the features of individuals, the construct of personality is fundamentally psychological in nature. By contrast, the theoretical construct of roles seeks to understand regularities and consistencies in social behavior in terms of the directive influence of coherent sets of rules and prescriptions that are provided by the interpersonal, occupational, and societal categories of which individuals are continuing members. Because it focuses primarily on features of social structures, the construct of roles is fundamentally sociological in nature.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-9469-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Changing Composition of the Workforce : Implications for Future Research and Its Application (1982)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461334644
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology).
    Abstract: Charting A Course -- I: The 1990 Age Mix -- When is Old? -- The Age Mix of the Labor Force in 1990: Implications for Labor Market Research -- Postscripts and Prospects -- II: The 1990 Gender Mix -- Implications of the Increasing Participation of Women in the Work Force in the 1990’s -- The Feminization of the Labor Force: Research for Industrial/Organizational Psychology -- Commentary on Studies of Gender-Mix in Labor Market Research -- III: Labor and Management in the ’90’s -- Human Resource Planning and the Intuitive Manager: Models for the 1990’s -- The Setting and the Reality for Labor Relations in the 90’s -- Leadership and Management in the 1990’s -- Reflections on Polarities and Bias -- IV: Higher Education for the ’90’s -- We Can Influence the Future! -- College Student Values and the World of Work -- Whom Should the Schools Serve, When…? -- Participants.
    Abstract: The Annual Scientist-Practitioner Conferences in Industrial­ Organizational Psychology were conceived by the Department of Psychology at Old Dominion University as a means to foster exchange of information, points of view, and insights among those who are engaged in research in the behavioral and social sciences, and those who, in various business, industrial, managerial, organizational, and educational roles, are actively engaged in work affording opportun­ ities to apply the findings and concepts generated by scientific study (many people do both). Our vested interest and our hope is that the stimulus provided by these exchanges will help us and our professional cohorts in psychology and other disciplines to advance the cutting edge of theory and application in problem areas of present and prospective importance. The first of these conferences took place in 1980, and had as its theme, "Performance Appraisal. " The papers here constitute the substantive contributions to the second conference which addressed issues pertinent to "The Changing Composition of the Workforce. " It should be noted that although industrial-organizational psychologists continue to claim parentage, this meeting can lay claim to an interdisciplinary lineage, validated by the presence on its panels and among the other invited participants of economists, labor officials, educators, personnel administrators, gerontolo­ gists, sociologists, business managers, and military officers, as well as others of unknown origins.
    Description / Table of Contents: Charting A CourseI: The 1990 Age Mix -- When is Old? -- The Age Mix of the Labor Force in 1990: Implications for Labor Market Research -- Postscripts and Prospects -- II: The 1990 Gender Mix -- Implications of the Increasing Participation of Women in the Work Force in the 1990’s -- The Feminization of the Labor Force: Research for Industrial/Organizational Psychology -- Commentary on Studies of Gender-Mix in Labor Market Research -- III: Labor and Management in the ’90’s -- Human Resource Planning and the Intuitive Manager: Models for the 1990’s -- The Setting and the Reality for Labor Relations in the 90’s -- Leadership and Management in the 1990’s -- Reflections on Polarities and Bias -- IV: Higher Education for the ’90’s -- We Can Influence the Future! -- College Student Values and the World of Work -- Whom Should the Schools Serve, When…? -- Participants.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-3464-4
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Justice Motive in Social Behavior : Adapting to Times of Scarcity and Change (1981)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489904294
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 494 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Series Statement: Critical Issues in Social Justice
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Consciousness ; Ethics ; Social sciences ; Personality. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Difference (Psychology). ; Sociology.
    Abstract: 1 • Adapting to Scarcity and Change (I): Stating the Problem -- 2 • The Justice Motive in Human Relations: Some Thoughts on What We Know and Need to Know about Justice -- Basic Processes -- 3 • Theoretical Issues in the Development of Social Justice -- 4 • The Development of Justice and Self-Interest during Childhood -- 5 • Morality and the Development of Conceptions of Justice -- 6 • Social Change and the Contexts of Justice Motivation -- 7 • Retributive Justice -- 8 • The Social Psychology of Punishment Reactions -- 9 • Microjustice and Macrojustice -- Institutional Settings -- 10 • The Changing Longevity of Heterosexual Close Relationships: A Commentary and Forecast -- 11 • Giving and Receiving: Social Justice in Close Relationships -- 12 • The Exchange Process in Close Relationships: Microbehavior and Macromotives -- 13 • The Justice of Distributing Scarce and Abundant Resources -- 14 • The Allocation and Acquisition of Resources in Times of Scarcity -- 15 • Justice in “The Crunch” -- 16 • The Relationship of Economic Growth to Inequality in the Distribution of Income -- 17 • Justice Motives and Other Psychological Factors in the Development and Resolution of Disputes -- 18 • Down-to-Earth Justice: Pitfalls on the Road to Legal Decentralization -- 19 • Law as a Social Trap: Problems and Possibilities for the Future -- Endnote -- 20 • Adapting to Scarcity and Change (II): Constructive Alternatives -- Author Index.
    Abstract: This volume was conceived out of the concern with what the imminent future holds for the "have" countries ... those societies, such as the United States, which are based on complex technology and a high level of energy consumption. Even the most sanguine projection includes as base minimum relatively rapid and radical change in all aspects of the society, reflecting adaptation or reactions to demands created by poten­ tial threat to the technological base, sources of energy, to the life-support system itself. Whatever the source of these threats-whether they are the result of politically endogeneous or exogeneous forces-they will elicit changes in our social institutions; changes resulting not only from attempts to adapt but also from unintended consequences of failures to adapt. One reasonable assumption is that whatever the future holds for us, we would prefer to live in a world of minimal suffering with the greatest opportunity for fulfilling the human potential. The question then becomes one of how we can provide for these goals in that scenario for the imminent future ... a world of threat, change, need to adapt, diminishing access to that which has been familiar, comfortable, needed.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-0429-4
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Metaphors of Consciousness (1981)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461338024
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (544p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology).
    Abstract: I • Metaphors and Maps -- 1Science and Reality: Metaphors of Experience and Experience as Metaphorical -- 2Maps of the Mind: The Cartography of Consciousness -- II • Psychological Approaches -- 3Radical Behaviorism and Consciousness -- 4The Nature of Consciousness: The Existential-Phenomenological Approach -- 5Reflections on David Bohm’s Holomovement: A Physicist’s Model of Cosmos and Consciousness -- 6Behaviorism, Phenomenology, and Holism in Psychology: A Scientific Analysis -- 7Phenomenology and Neuropsychology: Two Approaches to Consciousness -- III • Psychological Frontiers -- 8The Mind Contained in the Brain: A Cybernetic Belief System -- 9Exo-Psychology -- 10Transpersonal Realities or Neurophysiological Illusions? Toward an Empirically Testable Dualism -- IV • Beyond Psychology: East Meets West -- 11Depth Consciousness -- 12Approaches to Psychotherapy: Freud, Jung, and Tibetan Buddhism -- 13Two Paradigmatic Strands in the Buddhist Theory of Consciousness -- 14Heideggerian Thinking and the Eastern Mind -- V • Transcendence and Mysticism -- 15Energy of Consciousness in the Human Personality -- 16Human Consciousness and the Christian Mystic: Teresa of Avila -- 17Transformation of Self and World in Johannes Tauler’s Mysticism -- VI • Literary Modes -- 18God-Consciousness and the “Poetry of Madness” -- 19The Nature and Expression of Feminine Consciousness through Psychology and Literature -- 20Speculative Approaches to Consciousness in Science Fiction -- VII • The Natural Sciences -- 21Relativistic Quantum Psychology: A Reconceptualization of What We Thought We Knew -- 22Chemistry and Human Awareness: Natural Scientific Connections -- 23On the Shifting Structure of Mathematical Paradigms -- 24Computer Metaphors for Consciousness -- 25Thymós as Biopsychological Metaphor: The Vital Root of Consciousness.
    Abstract: As we move into the 1980s, there is an increasing awareness that our civilization is going through a profound cultural transformation. At the heart of this transformation lies what is often called a "paradigm shift"-a dramatic change in the thoughts, perceptions, and values which form a particular vision of reality. The paradigm that is now shifting comprises a large number of ideas and values that have dominated our society for several hundred years; values that have been associated with various streams of Western culture, among them the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century, The Enlightenment, and the Industrial Revolution. They include the belief in the scientific method as the only valid approach to knowledge, the split between mind and matter, the view of nature as a mechanical system, the view of life in society as a competitive struggle for survival, and the belief in unlimited material progress to be achieved through economic and technological growth. All these ideas and values are now found to be severely limited and in need of radical revision.
    Description / Table of Contents: I • Metaphors and Maps1Science and Reality: Metaphors of Experience and Experience as Metaphorical -- 2Maps of the Mind: The Cartography of Consciousness -- II • Psychological Approaches -- 3Radical Behaviorism and Consciousness -- 4The Nature of Consciousness: The Existential-Phenomenological Approach -- 5Reflections on David Bohm’s Holomovement: A Physicist’s Model of Cosmos and Consciousness -- 6Behaviorism, Phenomenology, and Holism in Psychology: A Scientific Analysis -- 7Phenomenology and Neuropsychology: Two Approaches to Consciousness -- III • Psychological Frontiers -- 8The Mind Contained in the Brain: A Cybernetic Belief System -- 9Exo-Psychology -- 10Transpersonal Realities or Neurophysiological Illusions? Toward an Empirically Testable Dualism -- IV • Beyond Psychology: East Meets West -- 11Depth Consciousness -- 12Approaches to Psychotherapy: Freud, Jung, and Tibetan Buddhism -- 13Two Paradigmatic Strands in the Buddhist Theory of Consciousness -- 14Heideggerian Thinking and the Eastern Mind -- V • Transcendence and Mysticism -- 15Energy of Consciousness in the Human Personality -- 16Human Consciousness and the Christian Mystic: Teresa of Avila -- 17Transformation of Self and World in Johannes Tauler’s Mysticism -- VI • Literary Modes -- 18God-Consciousness and the “Poetry of Madness” -- 19The Nature and Expression of Feminine Consciousness through Psychology and Literature -- 20Speculative Approaches to Consciousness in Science Fiction -- VII • The Natural Sciences -- 21Relativistic Quantum Psychology: A Reconceptualization of What We Thought We Knew -- 22Chemistry and Human Awareness: Natural Scientific Connections -- 23On the Shifting Structure of Mathematical Paradigms -- 24Computer Metaphors for Consciousness -- 25Thymós as Biopsychological Metaphor: The Vital Root of Consciousness.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-3802-4
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Barriers Between Women (1981)
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    Details
    ISBN: 9789401172745
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (149p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 150
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Sex. ; Sociology.
    Abstract: 1 General Theory -- 2 Women’s Relationships with Women -- 3 Barriers between Women -- 4 Daughter-Mother Conflict -- 5 Related Issues -- 6 Lowering the Barriers -- References.
    Abstract: This book is an exploration of some of the psychological and so­ cial-psychological factors that have created barriers between women. Particular attention is paid to the daughter-mother relationship. The content is based on psychotherapy material, test results and conversations with patients and non-patients across a wide age span. I acquired the material in my various roles as a clinician, researcher and theorist-and, always, as a woman, with whatever special biases and special understandings that might involve. Because much of the book deals with the development of wom­ en's difficulties in relationships with other women, the emphasis will often be on how the growing daughter feels in her relationship with her mother. The mother's feelings will be discussed very little for two reasons: to limit the scope of this book and because much of what applies to the daughter also applies to the mother. It is often due to her own experiences as a daughter that the mother encounters difficulty in rearing her own daughter or feeling com­ fortable about her ability to do so. But it is important for the reader to keep in mind throughout the book that child-rearing is a frighten­ ing, difficult task at least part of the time for virtually every mother. In any long-term relationship, one begins to experience one's own needs, and it is simply human to wish that the other person in the relationship (even an infant or young child) would meet those needs.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 General Theory2 Women’s Relationships with Women -- 3 Barriers between Women -- 4 Daughter-Mother Conflict -- 5 Related Issues -- 6 Lowering the Barriers -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-7274-5
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  • 9
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    Uniqueness : The Human Pursuit of Difference (1980)
    Boston, MA : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468436594
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (252p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Series Statement: Perspectives in Social Psychology, A Series of Texts and Monographs
    Series Statement: Perspectives in Social Psychology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology).
    Abstract: I: A Case for Uniqueness -- 1 Literary Precedents for Uniqueness -- II: Need for Uniqueness: Theory and Research -- 2 Do Birds of a Feather Always Flock Together? -- 3 Theory of Uniqueness -- 4 Corollaries of Uniqueness Theory: The Nature of the Comparison Other Persons -- 5 Individual Differences in Need for Uniqueness -- III: Uniqueness Attributes 103 -- 6 Commodities as Uniqueness Attributes -- 7 Names as Uniqueness Attributes -- 8 Attitudes and Beliefs as Uniqueness Attributes -- 9 Performance as Uniqueness-Motivated Behavior -- IV: Uniqueness Seeking in Perspective -- 10 Deindividuation: Loss of Uniqueness -- 11 Individuation: The Pursuit of Difference.
    Abstract: My Red Shirt and Me The red shirt incident begins with a rather ordinary red shirt. Not a brightly colored red shirt, not a dramatic cherry or firehouse red, more like a faded burgundy. But, for several days, my very iden­ tity was bound up in its redness. It was me, and I wore it with the pride a matador takes in his splendid cape, a hero in his medals of bravery, or a nun in her religious habit. I'll never forget the bound­ less joy I felt wearing that simple, pullover, short-sleeved red shirt in the hospital--or the rush of relief that I experienced when, at last, I decided to surrender it. However, we are getting ahead of our story, which starts a short time earlier with a most unfortunate accident. A light flurry of wet snow had begun to fall as the university limousine turned the corner on its way from the Bronx campus of New York University to the downtown campus. Although eight of us were packed into the car and had resigned ourselves to the usual boring faculty meeting awaiting us, somehow a spontaneous air of joviality was created.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3659-4
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  • 10
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    The Belief in a Just World : A Fundamental Delusion (1980)
    Boston, MA : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781489904485
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 209 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Series Statement: Perspectives in Social Psychology
    Series Statement: Critical Issues in Social Justice
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology). ; Sociology.
    Abstract: 1. The Belief in a Just World -- 2. The First Experiment: The Effect of Fortuitous Reward -- 3. The Second Experiment: Observers’ Reactions to the “Innocent Victim” -- 4. The Third Experiment: The Martyred and Innocent Victims -- 5. Three Experiments That Assess the Effects of Sex and Educational Background of Observers, Experimenter and Observer Influence on One Another, and the Reactions of “Informed” and Nonimplicated Observers -- 6. Reactions to the Belief in a Just World Theory and Findings: The “Nay-Sayers” -- 7. Condemning the Victimized -- 8. The Assignment of Blame -- 9. The Response to Victimization: Extreme Tests of the Belief in a Just World -- 10. Who Believes in a Just World: Dimension or Style -- 11. Deserving versus Justice -- References.
    Abstract: The "belief in a just world" is an attempt to capmre in a phrase one of the ways, if not the way, that people come to terms with-make sense out of-find meaning in, their experiences. We do not believe that things just happen in our world; there is a pattern to events which conveys not only a sense of orderli­ ness or predictability, but also the compelling experience of appropriateness ex­ pressed in the typically implicit judgment, "Yes, that is the way it should be." There are probably many reasons why people discover or develop a view of their environment in which events occur for good, understandable reasons. One explanation is simply that this view of reality is a direct reflection of the way both the human mind and the environment are constructed. Constancies, patterns which actually do exist in the environment-out there-are perceived, represented symbolically, and retained in the mind. This approach cenainly has some validity, and would probably suffice, if it were not for that sense of "appropriateness," the pervasive affective com­ ponent in human experience. People have emotions and feelings, and these are especially apparent in their expectations about their world: their hopes, fears, disappointments, disillusionment, surprise, confidence, trust, despondency, anticipation-and certainly their sense of right, wrong, good, bad, ought, en­ titled, fair, deserving, just.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-0448-5
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  • 11
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    The Analysis of Social Skill (1980)
    Boston, MA : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468436235
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Physics and Astronomy
    Series Statement: NATO Conference Series 11
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3623-5
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  • 12
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    Mental Workload : Its Theory and Measurement (1979)
    Boston, MA : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781475708844
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 500 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Physics and Astronomy
    Series Statement: NATO Conference Series 8
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift 1977 ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift 1977
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-0884-4
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  • 13
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    Fear of Success (1977)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468423280
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (258p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Personality. ; Social psychology.
    Abstract: I Fear of Success: Facts and Theories -- 1 Fear of Success—The Traditional View -- 2 Achievement Motivation Theory and a New Theory of Fear of Success -- 3 Social Psychological Perspectives on Fear of Success -- II Recent Research on Fear of Success -- 4 Scoring Success-Avoidance Thema in Responses to Verbal Story Cues -- 5 The The Cumulative Record of Research on Fear of Success -- 6 The Relationship of Fear of Success to Performance Behavior -- III Conclusion -- 7 Progress for Fear of Success -- References.
    Abstract: Nought's had, all's spent, Where our desire is got without content: 'Tis safer to be that which we destroy Than by destruction dwell in doubtful joy. So speaks Lady Macbeth upon the attainment of the aim of her ambition (act 3, scene 2). Is this expression of a fear of success the consequence of the highly competitive arena in which she is striving to achieve? Will this sentiment later lead to the avoidance of this or other forms of success? Does she fear success because she is a woman? While the fear and avoidance of success are ideas that are not new to psychology or to human behavior, recent work by Matina Homer has excited great interest in the psychological measure of a personal disposition to avoid success and a behavioral measure of that avoidance. It is with this recent wave of research and writing that Part II of this book is concerned. Great personal interest was stimulated in the "fear of success" concept. It is not only the hypochondriacs who find in the idea of a "fear of success" syndrome an explanation for the course of their lives. In Part I are presented the earlier forms which the concept of "fear of success" took, especially in psychoanalytic theory and per­ sonality theory, originating with Freud's discussion of "those wrecked by success," but citing some of the much older cultural traditions involving a fear and/or avoidance of success.
    Description / Table of Contents: I Fear of Success: Facts and Theories1 Fear of Success-The Traditional View -- 2 Achievement Motivation Theory and a New Theory of Fear of Success -- 3 Social Psychological Perspectives on Fear of Success -- II Recent Research on Fear of Success -- 4 Scoring Success-Avoidance Thema in Responses to Verbal Story Cues -- 5 The The Cumulative Record of Research on Fear of Success -- 6 The Relationship of Fear of Success to Performance Behavior -- III Conclusion -- 7 Progress for Fear of Success -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-2328-0
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  • 14
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    The Impulsive Personality : Understanding People with Destructive Character Disorders (1977)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468422955
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (226p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Psychiatry ; Difference (Psychology). ; Personality.
    Abstract: 1 The Author’s Premises -- Character Traits Can Change -- Treatment Is a Means of Changing Character -- Treatment and the Needs of the Individual -- Society’s Unreasonable Expectations -- Social Pressures and Impulsive Behavior -- Staff Attitude and Impulsive Behavior -- Drug Addiction as a Manifestation of Impulsive Behavior -- Specific Premises about Drug-Addicted Impulsive Individuals -- 2 The Settings and the People -- Lexington -- The Composite Patient at Lexington -- A Psychiatric Hospital Setting -- An Outpatient Clinic for Drug Abusers -- 3 Character Disorders -- Personality Disorders -- Paranoid -- Schizoid -- Explosive -- Antisocial -- Passive-Aggressive -- Borderline Personalities -- Depression -- Low Self-Esteem -- Inability to Form Close Personal Relationships -- Manipulation -- Nonpsychotic Techniques of Avoidance -- Inability to Examine One’s Own Behavior -- Action to Avoid Feeling -- Other People Are Unreal -- No Continuity in Patterns of Events -- Inability to Tolerate Criticism -- Inability to Plan -- Inability to Delay Gratification -- Entitlement -- No Experience Bearing Anxiety or Discomfort -- Self-Destruction -- Examples of Depression -- 4 Developmental Defect -- Normal Development -- Loss -- Reactions to the Loss -- Guilt and Conscience -- Inadequate Personal Relationships -- Summary -- 5 Games -- Kinds of Games -- Killing with Kindness -- Contracts -- Peace at Any Price -- Secret Deals -- Distractions -- “I’m No Racist” -- Poor Communication -- Goal Disharmony -- “Uh, Huh,I Knew It AU Along” -- Sliding by, or “I’m No Trouble” -- Good Guy-Bad Guy, or Splitting -- Jailhouse Lawyer -- The Lame Game -- Forget the Past -- Sulk -- Stir Him Up -- Confrontation Avoidance -- Focus on the Specific to Avoid the General Issue -- A Rose by Any Other Name -- No Loss Allowed -- Do as I Say, Not as I Do -- Going Through the Motions -- False Optimism -- Summary -- 6 Violence -- Destructiveness Outside of Treatment -- The Inherent Nature of Violence -- 7 A Graphic Approach to Understanding Intrapersonal Processes -- 8 Treatment -- Preconceived Distortions -- Gaining the Patient’s Attention -- Structure, Limits, Goals -- Transference-Countertransference -- “Different Strokes for Different Folks” -- Alcohol -- Sedative-Hypnotic Addiction -- Opiates -- Treatment Modalities -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: I began this book with two purposes. One goal was to present clinical information to support the belief that many of society's allegedly unh'eatable people could be helped to change their de­ structive patterns of living. A second purpose was to present a clear and simple primer for two groups of workers in the field. Most treatment institutions depend upon the services of nurses, aides, guards, and corrections officers. These people, who are the least prepared, do the hulk of the treatment. Because impulsive people learn much from their daily interactions out­ side of formal therapy, the understanding and the training of this "front-line" working staff are crucial. These staff members may find the second part of the book more helpful because of its use of clinical examples and techniques. The other group for whom this book is written includes those who are beginning in the mental health or corrections field. The concept of useful treatment of impulse-ridden people has only begun to be introduced into professional training pro­ grams. The assumption that these individuals were untreatable has kept many professionals at the fringes of this field. For this reason, I hope that the book will find its way into the hands of psychiatric residents, psychologists, social workers, nurses, pro­ bation officers, prison guards, youth workers, policemen, judges, etc.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Author’s PremisesCharacter Traits Can Change -- Treatment Is a Means of Changing Character -- Treatment and the Needs of the Individual -- Society’s Unreasonable Expectations -- Social Pressures and Impulsive Behavior -- Staff Attitude and Impulsive Behavior -- Drug Addiction as a Manifestation of Impulsive Behavior -- Specific Premises about Drug-Addicted Impulsive Individuals -- 2 The Settings and the People -- Lexington -- The Composite Patient at Lexington -- A Psychiatric Hospital Setting -- An Outpatient Clinic for Drug Abusers -- 3 Character Disorders -- Personality Disorders -- Paranoid -- Schizoid -- Explosive -- Antisocial -- Passive-Aggressive -- Borderline Personalities -- Depression -- Low Self-Esteem -- Inability to Form Close Personal Relationships -- Manipulation -- Nonpsychotic Techniques of Avoidance -- Inability to Examine One’s Own Behavior -- Action to Avoid Feeling -- Other People Are Unreal -- No Continuity in Patterns of Events -- Inability to Tolerate Criticism -- Inability to Plan -- Inability to Delay Gratification -- Entitlement -- No Experience Bearing Anxiety or Discomfort -- Self-Destruction -- Examples of Depression -- 4 Developmental Defect -- Normal Development -- Loss -- Reactions to the Loss -- Guilt and Conscience -- Inadequate Personal Relationships -- Summary -- 5 Games -- Kinds of Games -- Killing with Kindness -- Contracts -- Peace at Any Price -- Secret Deals -- Distractions -- “I’m No Racist” -- Poor Communication -- Goal Disharmony -- “Uh, Huh,I Knew It AU Along” -- Sliding by, or “I’m No Trouble” -- Good Guy-Bad Guy, or Splitting -- Jailhouse Lawyer -- The Lame Game -- Forget the Past -- Sulk -- Stir Him Up -- Confrontation Avoidance -- Focus on the Specific to Avoid the General Issue -- A Rose by Any Other Name -- No Loss Allowed -- Do as I Say, Not as I Do -- Going Through the Motions -- False Optimism -- Summary -- 6 Violence -- Destructiveness Outside of Treatment -- The Inherent Nature of Violence -- 7 A Graphic Approach to Understanding Intrapersonal Processes -- 8 Treatment -- Preconceived Distortions -- Gaining the Patient’s Attention -- Structure, Limits, Goals -- Transference-Countertransference -- “Different Strokes for Different Folks” -- Alcohol -- Sedative-Hypnotic Addiction -- Opiates -- Treatment Modalities -- Conclusion.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-2295-5
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  • 15
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    Vigilance : Theory, Operational Performance, and Physiological Correlates (1977)
    Boston, MA : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468425291
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Physics and Astronomy
    Series Statement: NATO Conference Series 3
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Konferenzschrift ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; Aufsatzsammlung
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-2529-1
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  • 16
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    Experimenting with Organizational Life : The Action Research Approach (1976)
    Boston, MA : Springer US
    Details
    ISBN: 9781461342625
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Behavioral Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Personality. ; Difference (Psychology).
    Abstract: I. Broad Context of Action Research -- 1. Professional Responsibility of Social Scientists -- 2. Whatever Happened to Action Research? -- 3. Action Research and the Development of the Social Sciences -- 4. Engaging with Large-Scale Systems -- 5. The Theory and Practice of Action Research in Work Organizations -- 6. Complementary Roles in Action Research -- 7. Action Research in a Minisociety -- II. Internal Processes of Action Research -- 8. The Design of Action Research -- 9. The Client-Practitioner Relationship as an Intersystem Engagement -- 10. Controlling the Variance in Action Research -- 11. Sanction: A Critical Element in Action Research -- 12. The Role of the Mediator in Action Research -- 13. Hobson’s Choice in Action Research -- 14. A Large Organization Consults Its Staff -- 15. Group Feedback Analysis as a Method of Action Research -- 16. Action Research and Adaptive Planning -- Notes on Contributors -- References.
    Abstract: The notion of preparing Experimenting with Organizational Life developed among members of the Human Resources Centre at the Tavistock Institute of Human Relations. It arose from their concern that the learning from field en­ gagements should be reported and passed on systematically. A series of internal seminars was started, and Robert Rapoport made a presentation on behalf of the group to a conference arranged by the United Kingdom Social Science Research Council in 1970. At first it was intended that only work directly connected with the Tavistock Institute should be included. Gradually it became apparent that the book would be strengthened by drawing on the work of people outside the Institute. In editing the contributions, I am especially indebted to my colleague P. Michael Foster, convener of the Human Resources Centre, for his unwavering support. I would also like to thank the authors and all those who contributed their ideas and thoughts. In the drive to unify the book they have cheerfully en­ dured my editorial changes. Hidden contributors to the book are members of the various client systems who granted privileged access to information and settings. Special thanks are due to Nicola Lacy Scott who has acted as subeditor, encour­ aging me when my spirits dropped and pressing for clarity of ideas and expres­ sion. The secretarial burden was ably carried by Pamela Rant.
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Broad Context of Action Research1. Professional Responsibility of Social Scientists -- 2. Whatever Happened to Action Research? -- 3. Action Research and the Development of the Social Sciences -- 4. Engaging with Large-Scale Systems -- 5. The Theory and Practice of Action Research in Work Organizations -- 6. Complementary Roles in Action Research -- 7. Action Research in a Minisociety -- II. Internal Processes of Action Research -- 8. The Design of Action Research -- 9. The Client-Practitioner Relationship as an Intersystem Engagement -- 10. Controlling the Variance in Action Research -- 11. Sanction: A Critical Element in Action Research -- 12. The Role of the Mediator in Action Research -- 13. Hobson’s Choice in Action Research -- 14. A Large Organization Consults Its Staff -- 15. Group Feedback Analysis as a Method of Action Research -- 16. Action Research and Adaptive Planning -- Notes on Contributors -- References.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-4262-5
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  • 17
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    Monitoring Behavior and Supervisory Control (1976)
    Boston, MA : Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9781468425239
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Physics and Astronomy
    Series Statement: NATO Conference Series 1
    DDC: 155.2
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Consciousness ; Konferenzschrift ; Konferenzschrift
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-2523-9
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