ISBN:
9781351496636
Language:
English
Pages:
1 Online-Ressource (560 pages)
Parallel Title:
Print version Wallace, Walter Principles of Scientific Sociology
DDC:
301
Keywords:
Sociology
Abstract:
Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgments -- 1 General Introduction -- Objectives -- Method -- Contents -- Uses -- PART I: SOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION -- 2 Introduction to Part I -- A Generic Definition of Social Phenomena -- Classical Definitions -- Modern Definitions -- Interaction -- Scope of the Generic Definition -- Equivalent Formulations of the Generic Definition -- Primary Distinctions Within Each Component of the Generic Definition -- Human and Nonhuman Organisms -- Physical and Psychical Behaviors -- Spatial and Temporal Regularities -- Social Structure, Cultural Structure, Spatial Regularity, and Temporal Regularity -- Independent Variability -- Analytic Inequality -- Causal Asymmetry -- Social Structure Plus Cultural Structure, and Spatial Regularity Plus Temporal Regularity -- The Complete Description of Social Phenomena -- Other Conceptualizations of Social Structure and Cultural Structure -- Social Structure, Cultural Structure, Spatial Regularity, and Temporal Regularity in Sociobiology -- 3 Social Structure -- Individual Physical Behaviors -- Directions, and Objects, of Effects -- A Sociological Typology of Individual Physical Behaviors -- Other Typologies of Individual Physical Behavior -- Destructive Physical Behaviors -- Within-Individual Aggregates of Physical Behaviors -- Role-Performance -- Role-Performance Set -- Across-Individuals Aggregates of Physical Behaviors -- Situses and Societal Social Structure -- Forms of Between-Individuals Physical Behavior Coincidence -- A Typology of Physical Behavior Coincidences Between Organisms -- Summary -- 4 Cultural Structure -- Individual Psychical Behaviors -- Modes of Orientation -- Referents of Orientation -- A Sociological Typology of Individual Psychical Behaviors -- Within-Individual Aggregates of Psychical Behaviors
Abstract:
Norms -- Other Conceptualizations of Norms -- Norm Accessing -- Norm Limitations -- Role-Expectations -- Consequence Expectation as Value and as Validity-Check -- Across-Individuals Aggregates of Psychical Behaviors -- Forms of Between-Individuals Psychical Behavior Coincidence -- Cultural Structural Deviance and Conformity -- Summary -- 5 Spatial and Temporal Regularities -- Dimensions of Spatial and Temporal Regularities -- Social Change and Stability -- Static and Dynamic Models -- Elementary Time-Paths of Change and Stability -- Combination of Paths -- Social Spacing -- Elementary Patterns -- Types of Social Change and Social Spacing Combined -- Summary -- 6 Hierarchic Structure in Social Phenomena -- Four Variants of Hierarchic Structure -- The Principle of Hierarchic Structure -- Micro Versus Macro Sociology -- Hierarchic Structure and the Generic Definition of Social Phenomenon -- Hierarchies: Real Phenomena Versus Heuristic Devices -- Substantively Significant Levels -- Parsons, Weber, and Social Action -- Blau, Marx, and the Division of Labor -- Sorokin, Moore, and Social Dynamics -- Burgess, Hawley, and Social Spacing -- Complex Social Phenomena -- Summary -- PART II: SOCIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION AND PREDICTION -- 7 Introduction to Part II -- The Target of Sociological Explanation -- A Generic Typology of Sociological Explanatory Variables -- The Complete Causal Explanation of Social Phenomena -- Variability in the Causal Contributions of Different Explanatory Variables -- Some Limitations on the Causal Positions of Different Variables -- Other Subgroups of Explanatory Variables -- Sociobiological Explanatory Variables -- Qualifying Comments on the Typology -- Many-Variable Causal Models -- 8 Internal Variables -- Materialism -- Sex Characteristics -- Age Characteristics -- Materialistic Variables in Sociobiology -- Nurturism
Abstract:
Nurturistic Variables in Sociobiology -- Instinctivism -- Instinctivistic Variables in Sociobiology -- Enculturism -- Conceptualizations of Macro Cultural and Social Structures -- Role-Expectations -- Conscience -- Symbols -- Meaning -- Enculturistic Variables in Sociobiology -- Summary -- 9 External People Variables- Body -- Demographism -- Age Distribution -- Sex Ratio -- Immigration/Emigration Ratio -- Demographistic Variables in Sociobiology -- Social Structuralism -- Unison Social Structuralism -- Exchange Social Structuralism -- Conflict Social Structuralism -- Functionalist Social Structuralism -- Other Varieties of Social Structuralism -- Social Structuralism and Cultural Structuralism -- Social Structuralistic Variables in Sociobiology -- Summary -- 10 External People Variables-Mind -- Psychical Contagionism -- Psychical Contagionistic Variables in Sociobiology -- Cultural Structuralism -- Consensus Cultural Structuralism -- Complementarity Cultural Structuralism -- Dissensus Cultural Structuralism -- Symbolic Interactionist Cultural Structuralism -- Another Variety of Cultural Structuralism -- Cultural Structuralism and Social Structuralism -- Cultural Structuralistic Variables in Sociobiology -- Summary -- 11 External Thing Variables -- Ecologism -- Ecologistic Variables in Sociobiology -- Technologism -- Technologistic Variables in Sociobiology -- Summary -- 12 Many -Variable Causal Models -- Hierarchically Structured Causes or Effects -- Emergence and Contextuality -- Relations Within the Same Level of a Causal Hierarchy -- Enumerative -- Sequential -- Interactive -- Durkheim's Combinations of Causal Models and the Variables They Contain -- The Division of Labor In Society -- Suicide -- The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life -- Summary -- PART III: SCIENTIFIC PROCEDURE -- 13 Introduction to Part III
Abstract:
Subject Matter Procedures of Scientific Analysis -- The First, Partly Imaginary, Illustration -- The Second Illustration -- The Third Illustration -- Imaginary and Actual Analyses, and Individual and Collective Analyses -- Performance in Imagination: Insight, Foresight, and Ideology -- Performance by the Individual: Common Sense -- Pure and Applied Phases of Scientific Analysis -- Contributions of Applied Science to Pure Science -- Contributions of Pure Science to Applied Science -- Understanding of What? Control Over What? -- Other Views of the Relationship Between Pure and Applied Science -- Substantive Interrelationships -- 14 Pure Science -- Observations -- Empirical Generalizations -- Setting the Stage for Explanation -- Explanations -- Causation and Subsumption Explanatory Arguments -- Explanatory and Predictive Procedures -- Theories and Models -- Explanatory-Predictive Procedures in "Normal" and "C risis" Phases of Pure Science -- Extensions of Explanatory and Predictive Scope -- Tests -- Testability -- Interpretation -- Sampling -- Instrumentation -- Scaling -- Test Procedure -- Test Consequences -- Summary -- 15 Applied Science -- Plans -- Feasibility Assessment -- Equifinality and Equioriginality in Applied Science -- Certainty and Uncertainty -- Cost-Benefit Estimation -- Types of Costs and Benefits -- Social Costs and Benefits -- Decisions -- Politics -- Economics -- Implementations -- Outcomes and Evaluations -- Experimentation -- Monitoring -- Social and Cultural Indicators -- Feedback of Outcomes to Pure Science -- Summary -- 16 Premises of Scientific Procedure, and Objections to Employing that Procedure in Sociology -- Object Premises -- Subject Premises -- Cognitive and Motor Capabilities -- Valuational Capabilities -- Objections to Applying Scientific Procedure to Sociology -- An Idiographic Rather than Nomothetic Discipline
Abstract:
Human Free Will -- Human Reflexivity -- Human Unpredictability -- Human Complexity -- Summary -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Name Index -- Subject Index
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