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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (15)
  • GBV  (1)
  • Philosophy (General)
  • Physics  (10)
  • History  (6)
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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (15)
  • GBV  (1)
  • BSZ  (5)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319066028
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 269 p. 12 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Archimedes, New Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology 39
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Hiebert, Erwin N., 1919 - 2012 The Helmholtz legacy in physiological acoustics
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Aesthetics ; Acoustics ; Music ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Aesthetics ; Acoustics ; Music ; Physiologische Akustik ; Musik ; Akustik ; Physik ; Geschichte ; Musik ; Wissenschaft ; Geschichte ; Helmholtz, Hermann von 1821-1894
    Abstract: This book explores the interactions between science and music in the late nineteenth- and early twentieth century. It examines and evaluates the work of Hermann von Helmholtz, Max Planck, Shohé Tanaka, and Adriaan Fokker, leading physicists and physiologists who were committed to understanding crucial aesthetic components of the art of music, including the standardization of pitch and the implementation of various types of intonations. With a mixture of physics, physiology, and aesthetics, author Erwin Hiebert addresses throughout the book how just intonation came to intersect with the history of keyboard instruments and exert an influence on the development of Western music. He begins with the work of Hermann von Helmholtz, a leading nineteenth-century physicist and physiologist who not only made important contributions in vision, optics, electrodynamics, and thermodynamics, but also helped advanced the field of music theory as well. The author traces the Helmholtzian trends of thought that become inherently more complex by reaching beyond the sciences to perform a bridge with aesthetics and the diverse ways in which the human mind interprets or is taught, in different cultures, to interpret and understand music. Next, the author explores the works of other key physicists and physiologists who were influenced by Helmholtz and added to his legacy. He examines Japanese music theory student Shohé Tanaka, who sought to design a harmonium that was not based on equal temperament but rather on just intonation. Dutch physicist Adriaan Daniel Fokker, who arranged for organs to be built based on 31-tones per octave, orchestrated concerts for these new instruments, and even attempted to compose microtonal music, or music whose tonality is based on intervals smaller than the typical twelve semitones of Western music
    Description / Table of Contents: EnvoiJed Buchwald -- Acknowledgments; Erwin Hiebert -- Eloge; Joan Richards -- Introduction; Myles Jackson -- I. Helmholtz -- II. Shohé Tanaka, Just Intonation and the Enharmonium -- III. Max Planck -- IV. Adriaan Fokker. Theoretical Physics and Just Intonation Keyboards -- Appendix. Willem Pijper and the Efflorescence of Dutch Music.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789400769991
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 189 p. 30 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Archimedes, New Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology 35
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Niazi, Kaveh Quṭb al-Dīn Shīrāzī and the configuration of the heavens
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Niazi, Kaveh Quṭb al-Dīn Shīrāzī and the configuration of the heavens
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Philosophy, modern ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Philosophy, modern ; Science Philosophy ; Quelle ; Astronomie ; Vergleichende Ideengeschichte
    Abstract: As a leading scientist of the 13th century C. E. Quṭb al-Dīn Shīrāzī wrote three substantial works on hay’a (or the configuration of the celestial orbs): Nihāyat al-idrāk fī dirāyat al-aflāk (“The Limits of Attainment in the Understanding of the Heavens”), al-Tuḥfa al-shāhīya fī ‘ilm al-hay’a (“The Royal Offering Regarding the Knowledge of the Configuration of the Heavens”), and Ikhtīyārāt-i Muẓaffarī (“The Muẓaffarī Elections”). Completed in less than four years and written in two of the classical languages of the Islamic world, Arabic and Persian, these works provide a fascinating window to the astronomical research carried out in Ilkhanid Persia. Shīrāzī and his colleagues were driven by their desire to rid Ptolemaic astronomy from its perceived shortcomings. An intriguing trail of revisions and emendations in Shīrāzī’s hay’a texts serves to highlight both those features of Shīrāzī's astronomy that were inherited from his predecessors, as well as his original contributions to this branch of astronomical research. As a renowned savant, Shīrāzī spent a large portion of his career near centers of political power in Persia and Anatolia. A study of his scientific output and career as a scholar is an opportunity, therefore, for an examination of the patronage of science and of scientific works within the Ilkhanid realms. Not only was this patronage important to the work of scholars such as Shīrāzī but it was critical to the founding and operation of one of the foremost scientific institutions of the medieval Islamic world, the Marāgha observatory. The astronomical tradition in which Shīrāzī carried out his research has many links, as well, to the astronomy of Early Modern Europe, as can be seen in the astronomical models of Copernicus
    Description / Table of Contents: AcknowledgementNote on Transliteration -- Chapter 1. Purpose and Background of Study -- Chapter 2. The Mongols in Iran -- Chapter 3. Shīrazī's Life -- Chapter 4. The Principal Astronomical Sources -- Chapter 5. Persian vs. Arabic: Language as a Determinant of Content -- Chapter 6. Conclusion -- Figures- Bibliography -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- Appendix C -- Appendix D -- Appendix E -- Index.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400743458
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 338 p. 9 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 282
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. The mechanization of natural philosophy
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Philosophy of nature ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Philosophy of nature ; Science Philosophy ; Science ; Philosophy ; History ; 16th century ; Science ; Philosophy ; History ; 17th century ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Naturphilosophie ; Mechanismus ; Ideengeschichte 1550-1720
    Abstract: The Mechanisation of Natural Philosophy is devoted to various aspects of the transformation of natural philosophy during the 16th and 17th centuries that is usually described as mechanical philosophy .Drawing the border between the old Aristotelianism and the « new » mechanical philosophy faces historians with a delicate task, if not an impossible mission. There were many natural philosophers who actually crossed the border between the two worlds, and, inside each of these worlds, there was a vast spectrum of doctrines, arguments and intellectual practices. The expression mechanical philosophy is burdened with ambiguities. It may refer to at least three different enterprises: a description of nature in mathematical terms; the comparison of natural phenomena to existing or imaginary machines; the use in natural philosophy of mechanical analogies, i.e. analogies conceived in terms of matter and motion alone.However mechanical philosophy is defined, its ambition was greater than its real successes. There were few mathematisations of phenomena. The machines of mechanical philosophers were not only imaginary, but had little to do with the machines of mecanicians. In most of the natural sciences, analogies in terms of matter and motion alone failed to provide satisfactory accounts of phenomena.By the same authors: Mechanics and Natural Philosophy before the Scientific Revolution (Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 254).
    Description / Table of Contents: The Mechanization of Natural Philosophy; Preface; Contents; Contributors; Introduction; Part I: The Construction of Historical Categories; Chapter 1: Remarks on the Pre-history of the Mechanical Philosophy; 1.1 What Was the Mechanical Philosophy?; 1.2 The Mechanical Philosophy Before Boyle; 1.3 Bacon; 1.4 Galileo; 1.5 Mersenne; 1.6 Descartes/Gassendi/Hobbes: Mechanical Philosophers?; 1.7 Novatores, Latitudinarians, and the Construction of the Mechanical Philosophy; 1.8 A Broader Conception of Mechanism?; Chapter 2: How Bacon Became Baconian
    Description / Table of Contents: 2.1 The Meaning of Mechanical Operation in Bacon's Oeuvre2.2 Mechanical and Vital Readings of Bacon's Natural Philosophy in Seventeenth-Century England; 2.3 Conclusion; Chapter 3: An Empire Divided: French Natural Philosophy (1670-1690); 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 A Debate on Natural Philosophy; 3.3 On the Side of the New Philosophers; 3.3.1 The Methodology of Ontology: Beings Should Not Be Multiplied Without Necessity; 3.3.2 The Way of Physics: Physics Should Explain Phenomena, Namely, Give Efficient Causes; 3.3.3 Ontological Categories: The Bipartition Between Body and Soul Should Be Respected
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.3.4 The Social Twist3.4 On the Side of the Old Philosophers; 3.4.1 The Methodology of Ontology: The Multiplication of Corpuscles and the Missing Metaphysical Supplement; 3.4.2 The Way of Physics: One Should Not Indulge in Hypotheses, Ignore Experiments and Use Empty Words; 3.4.3 The Ontological Categories and the Controversy Over Animal Souls; 3.4.4 Another Social Twist; 3.5 Conclusions; Part II: Matter, Motion, Physics and Mathematics; Chapter 4: Matter and Form in Sixteenth-Century Spain: Some Case Studies; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 The Corpuscular Theories of the Physician d'Olesa
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.2.1 Elements, Minima and Qualities4.2.2 The Problem of Mixture; 4.2.3 A Corpuscular Theory of Light and Vision; 4.3 The Absence of a Tradition; 4.3.1 The Hypothesis of Menéndez Pelayo; 4.3.2 The Salamacan Physician Gomez Pereira; 4.3.3 The Salamacan Physician Francisco Valles; 4.4 Conclusion; Chapter 5: The Composition of Space, Time and Matter According to Isaac Newton and John Keill; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 The Isomorphism of Space, Time and Matter in Early Modern Natural Philosophy; 5.3 The Evolution of Newton's Views on the Composition of Space, Time and Matter
    Description / Table of Contents: 5.4 The Isomorphism of Space, Time and Matter According to John Keill5.5 Conclusion; Chapter 6: Beeckman, Descartes and Physico-Mathematics; 6.1 Beeckman; 6.1.1 Persistence of Motion; 6.1.2 Persistence of the Form of a Motion; 6.1.3 Conservation in the Exchange of Motion; 6.1.4 Isoperimetric Figures; 6.2 Descartes; 6.2.1 Persistence of Motion; 6.2.2 Communication of Motion; 6.2.3 Persistence and Direction; 6.3 Physico-Mathematics; Chapter 7: Between Mathematics and Experimental Philosophy: Hydrostatics in Scotland About 1700; 7.1 Between Mathematics and Experimental Philosophy
    Description / Table of Contents: 7.2 The Mathematical Hydrostatics of Wallis, Gregorie, and Newton
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing
    ISBN: 9783319027029
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 215 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 35
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The discourse of sensibility
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    Keywords: Science History ; Philosophy (General) ; Medicine ; Science, general ; Science History ; Philosophy (General) ; Medicine ; Enlightenment Congresses ; Philosophical anthropology Congresses ; Self (Philosophy) Congresses ; Konferenzschrift 2010 ; Leiblichkeit ; Wahrnehmung ; Erkenntnistheorie
    Abstract: This volume reconstructs the body of sensibility and the discourse which constructed it. The discourse of sensibility was deployed very widely throughout the mid- to late-eighteenth century, particularly in France and Britain. To inquire into the body of sensibility is then necessarily to enter into an interdisciplinary space and so to invite the plurality of methodological approaches which this collection exemplifies. The chapters collected here draw together the histories of literature and aesthetics, metaphysics and epistemology, moral theory, medicine, and cultural history. Together, they contribute to four major themes: First, the collection reconstructs various modes by which the sympathetic subject was construed or scripted, including through the theatre, poetry, literature, and medical and philosophical treaties. It secondly draws out those techniques of affective pedagogy which were implied by the medicalisation of the knowing body, and thirdly highlights the manner in which the body of sensibility was constructed as simultaneously particular and universal. Finally, it illustrates the ‘centrifugal forces’ at play within the discourse, and the anxiety which often accompanied them. At the centre of eighteenth-century thought was a very particular object: the body of sensibility, the Enlightenment’s knowing body. The persona of the knowledge-seeker was constructed by drawing together mind and matter, thought and feeling. And so where the Enlightenment thinker is generally associated with reason, truth-telling, and social and political reform, the Enlightenment is also known for its valorisation of emotion. During the period, intellectual pursuits were envisioned as having a distinctly embodied and emotional aspect. The body of ‘sensibility’ encompassed these apparently disparate strands and was associated with terms including ‘sentimental’, ‘sentiment’, ‘sense’, ‘sensation’, and ‘sympathy’
    Description / Table of Contents: AcknowledgementsTable of Contents -- Contributors -- 1. The Discourse of Sensibilité: The Knowing Body in the Enlightenment; Henry Martyn Lloyd -- 2. Richard Steele and the Rise of Sentiment’s Empire; Bridget Orr -- 3. Rochester’s Libertine Poetry as Philosophical Education; Brandon Chua and Justin Clemens -- 4. Emotional Sensations and the Moral Imagination in Malebranche; Jordan Taylor -- 5. Feeling Better: Moral Sense and Sensibility in Enlightenment Thought; Alexander Cook -- 6. Physician, Heal Thyself! Emotions and the Health of the Learned in Samuel Auguste André David Tissot (1728-1797) and Gerard Nicolaas Heerkens (1728-1801); Yasmin Haskell -- 7. Penseurs profonds: Sensibility and the Knowledge-Seeker in Eighteenth-Century France; Anne C. Vila -- 8. Sensibility as Vital Force or as Property of Matter in Mid-Eighteenth-Century Debates; Charles T. Wolfe -- 9. Sensibilité, Embodied Epistemology, and the French Enlightenment; Henry Martyn Lloyd -- 10. Sensibility in Ruins: Imagined Realities, Perception Machines, and the Problem of Experience in Modernity -- Peter Otto.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400743120
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 403 p. 1 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Dussen, Willem J. van der History as a science
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Archaeology ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Philosophy ; Archaeology
    Abstract: Since its appearance in 1981 History as a Science has been welcomed as a coherent and comprehensive review and analysis of the many aspects of Collingwoods philosophy of history, the development of his views, and their reception. The book was the first to pay extensive attention to Collingwoods unpublished manuscripts, and to his work as an archaeologist and historian. With the publication of this volume Jan van der Dussen, opened up a new angle in Collingwood studies. The republication of this volume meets an increasing demand to make the book available for future Collingwood scholars, and people interested in Collingwoods philosophy. Apart from verbal changes to improve readability and a new pagination, the manuscript is the same as the original.
    Description / Table of Contents: History as a Science; Preface; Acknowledgements (1980); Contents; Abbreviations; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 Collingwood's Reception; 1.2 Collingwood's Development; 1.3 Design of the Book; Notes; Chapter 2: The Development of Collingwood's Thought on History; 2.1 From Religion and Philosophy to Speculum Mentis; 2.2 Collingwood and Realism; 2.3 History: From Realism to Idealism; 2.4 History and Science; 2.5 History as Process; Notes; Chapter 3: The Idea of History and Its Discussion; 3.1 The Philosophy of History in Collingwood's Later Years; 3.2 The Idea of History
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.3 The Discussion of The Idea of History3.3.1 Introduction; 3.3.2 All History Is the History of Thought; 3.3.3 Objective Conditions; 3.3.4 The Intuitive Version of the Re-enactment Doctrine; 3.3.5 History as the Re-enactment of Past Thought; 3.3.6 Explanation and Understanding; 3.3.7 Generalizations; 3.3.8 Historical Objectivity; Notes; Chapter 4: Collingwood's Unpublished Manuscripts; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 History and Realism: The Writings Before 1926; 4.2.1 'A Footnote to Future History' (1919); 4.2.2 'An Illustration from Historical Thought' (1920-1921)
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.2.3 'Some Perplexities About Time' (1925)4.3 'Preliminary Discussion' (1927); 4.4 Lectures on the Philosophy of History (1926); 4.5 Outlines of a Philosophy of History (1928); 4.5.1 Quality; 4.5.2 Quantity; 4.5.3 Relation; 4.5.4 Modality; 4.6 Collingwood's Development; 4.7 Lectures on the Philosophy of History: 1929-1932; 4.7.1 Lectures of 1929; 4.7.2 Lectures of 1931; 4.7.3 Lectures of 1932; 4.8 'Reality as History' (1935); 4.9 Notes on the History of Historiography and Philosophy of History (1936); 4.10 Notes on Historiography (1938-1939); 4.11 Folklore (1936-1937)
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.12 Metaphysics and Cosmology (1933-1934)Notes; Chapter 5: Collingwood as an Archaeologist and Historian; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Archaeology; 5.2.1 Scientific Excavation; 5.2.2 Excavations; 5.2.3 The Archaeology of Roman Britain (1930); 5.2.3.1 Epigraphy; 5.2.4 Planning of Research; 5.3 Hadrian's Wall; 5.3.1 Introduction; 5.3.2 'The Purpose of the Roman Wall' (1921); 5.3.3 'Hadrian's Wall: A History of the Problem' (1921, 1931); 5.3.4 Hadrian's Wall and Theory; 5.4 History of Roman Britain; 5.4.1 Roman Britain (1923, 1932); 5.4.2 Roman Britain and the English Settlements (1936)
    Description / Table of Contents: 5.4.3 Other WritingsNotes; Chapter 6: The Historical Object; 6.1 Action; 6.2 Collingwood's Philosophy of Mind; 6.3 Historical Process; Notes; Chapter 7: Historical Method; 7.1 History as a Science; 7.2 Evidence; 7.3 Question and Answer; 7.4 Intuition; Notes; Chapter 8: Some Controversial Issues; 8.1 Past and Present; 8.2 History as the Re-enactment of Past Thought; 8.2.1 Status of the Re-enactment Doctrine; 8.2.2 Concept of Thought; 8.2.3 Re-thinking; 8.2.4 Examples of Re-thinking; 8.3 Corporate Mind; 8.4 'Unconscious' Action; 8.5 Causality and Objective Conditions; 8.6 General Knowledge
    Description / Table of Contents: 8.7 Explanation and Understanding
    Description / Table of Contents: History as a Science; Preface; Acknowledgements (1980); Contents; Abbreviations; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 Collingwood's Reception; 1.2 Collingwood's Development; 1.3 Design of the Book; Notes; Chapter 2: The Development of Collingwood's Thought on History; 2.1 From Religion and Philosophy to Speculum Mentis; 2.2 Collingwood and Realism; 2.3 History: From Realism to Idealism; 2.4 History and Science; 2.5 History as Process; Notes; Chapter 3: The Idea of History and Its Discussion; 3.1 The Philosophy of History in Collingwood's Later Years; 3.2 The Idea of History
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.3 The Discussion of The Idea of History3.3.1 Introduction; 3.3.2 All History Is the History of Thought; 3.3.3 Objective Conditions; 3.3.4 The Intuitive Version of the Re-enactment Doctrine; 3.3.5 History as the Re-enactment of Past Thought; 3.3.6 Explanation and Understanding; 3.3.7 Generalizations; 3.3.8 Historical Objectivity; Notes; Chapter 4: Collingwood's Unpublished Manuscripts; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 History and Realism: The Writings Before 1926; 4.2.1 'A Footnote to Future History' (1919); 4.2.2 'An Illustration from Historical Thought' (1920-1921)
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.2.3 'Some Perplexities About Time' (1925)4.3 'Preliminary Discussion' (1927); 4.4 Lectures on the Philosophy of History (1926); 4.5 Outlines of a Philosophy of History (1928); 4.5.1 Quality; 4.5.2 Quantity; 4.5.3 Relation; 4.5.4 Modality; 4.6 Collingwood's Development; 4.7 Lectures on the Philosophy of History: 1929-1932; 4.7.1 Lectures of 1929; 4.7.2 Lectures of 1931; 4.7.3 Lectures of 1932; 4.8 'Reality as History' (1935); 4.9 Notes on the History of Historiography and Philosophy of History (1936); 4.10 Notes on Historiography (1938-1939); 4.11 Folklore (1936-1937)
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.12 Metaphysics and Cosmology (1933-1934)Notes; Chapter 5: Collingwood as an Archaeologist and Historian; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Archaeology; 5.2.1 Scientific Excavation; 5.2.2 Excavations; 5.2.3 The Archaeology of Roman Britain (1930); 5.2.3.1 Epigraphy; 5.2.4 Planning of Research; 5.3 Hadrian's Wall; 5.3.1 Introduction; 5.3.2 'The Purpose of the Roman Wall' (1921); 5.3.3 'Hadrian's Wall: A History of the Problem' (1921, 1931); 5.3.4 Hadrian's Wall and Theory; 5.4 History of Roman Britain; 5.4.1 Roman Britain (1923, 1932); 5.4.2 Roman Britain and the English Settlements (1936)
    Description / Table of Contents: 5.4.3 Other WritingsNotes; Chapter 6: The Historical Object; 6.1 Action; 6.2 Collingwood's Philosophy of Mind; 6.3 Historical Process; Notes; Chapter 7: Historical Method; 7.1 History as a Science; 7.2 Evidence; 7.3 Question and Answer; 7.4 Intuition; Notes; Chapter 8: Some Controversial Issues; 8.1 Past and Present; 8.2 History as the Re-enactment of Past Thought; 8.2.1 Status of the Re-enactment Doctrine; 8.2.2 Concept of Thought; 8.2.3 Re-thinking; 8.2.4 Examples of Re-thinking; 8.3 Corporate Mind; 8.4 'Unconscious' Action; 8.5 Causality and Objective Conditions; 8.6 General Knowledge
    Description / Table of Contents: 8.7 Explanation and Understanding
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Science+Business Media B.V
    ISBN: 9789400720220
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 488p. 52 illus, digital)
    Series Statement: Archimedes, New Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology 28
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. McCormmach, Russell, 1933 - Weighing the world
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    Keywords: Science History ; Philosophy (General) ; Science, general ; Science History ; Philosophy (General) ; Michell, John, 1724?-1793 ; Michell, John, 1724?-1793 ; Correspondence ; Physicists ; Great Britain ; Biography ; Clergy ; Great Britain ; Biography ; Briefsammlung ; Biografie ; Michell, John 1724-1793 ; Michell, John 1724-1793
    Abstract: Russell McCormmach
    Abstract: The book about John Michell (1724-93) has two parts. The first and longest part is biographical, an account of Michell's home setting (Nottinghamshire in England), the clerical world in which he grew up (Church of England), the university (Cambridge) where he studied and taught, and the scientific activities he made the center of his life. The second part is a complete edition of his known letters. Half of his letters have not been previously published; the other half are brought together in one place for the first time. The letters touch on all aspects of his career, and because they are in h
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; Part I Michell's Life and Work; 1 Home; 1.1 Historical Setting; 1.2 A Family in Nottinghamshire; 1.3 Pastoral Life in Early Georgian England; 1.4 Education at Home; 2 Cambridge; 2.1 Cambridge University; 2.2 Queens' College; 2.3 Students; 2.4 Graduates; 2.5 Post-Graduates; 2.6 Fellowships; 2.7 Income; 2.8 Science; 2.9 Religion; 2.10 St. Botolph Church; 3 Early Researches; 3.1 Natural Philosopher; 3.2 Mechanics; 3.3 Electricity; 3.4 Magnetic Background; 3.5 Book on Magnetism; 3.5.1 Properties of Magnets
    Description / Table of Contents: 3.5.2 Theory of Magnetism3.5.3 Controversy Over Magnetism; 3.6 Turn to Geology; 3.7 Geological Background; 3.7.1 Theories of the Earth Before Michell; 3.7.2 Strata; 3.7.3 Earthquakes; 3.7.4 Causes of Earthquakes; 3.8 Paper on Earthquakes; 3.8.1 General Comments on the Earthquake Paper; 3.9 Late Reactions to the Paper; 3.9.1 Evaluation of Michell's Explanation of Earthquakes; 3.9.2 Significance of Michell's Work on Strata; 3.10 Table of Strata; 3.11 Royal Society; 3.12 Scientific Clubs; 4 Transitions; 4.1 Professor of Geology; 4.2 Leaving Cambridge; 4.3 Clerics and Science
    Description / Table of Contents: 4.4 Marriage, Compton Parish4.5 Board of Longitude, Family Sorrow; 4.6 Longitude and Navigation; 4.7 Havant Parish; 4.8 Astronomical Background; 4.9 Paper on the Stars; 4.9.1 Photometry of the Stars; 4.10 Background of Statistics and Probability; 4.10.1 Probability Theory; 4.10.2 Probability in the Physical Sciences; 4.11 Paper on the Stars, Continued; 4.11.1 Probability of Star Clusters; 4.11.2 Instruments; 4.12 The Milky Way; 4.13 Response to the Paper; 5 Thornhill; 5.1 Savile; 5.2 Politics; 5.3 Parish and Village; 5.4 Church; 5.5 Buildings and Land
    Description / Table of Contents: 5.6 Remarriage, Gilbert Michell, and Botany at Thornhill5.7 Scientific Connections; 5.8 London Journey; 5.9 Theory of Matter and Force; 5.10 Optics; 5.11 Music; 6 Late Researches; 6.1 Cavendish and Michell; 6.2 Herschel and Double Stars; 6.3 Gravity of Light; 6.4 Paper on the Stars; 6.4.1 Theory and Method; 6.4.2 Experiment for Determining the Velocity of Light; 6.5 Reception of the Paper; 6.5.1 Experimental Tests; 6.5.2 Algol; 6.5.3 Relativity and Aberration of Light; 6.6 General Comments on the Paper; 6.7 Black Holes, Dark Bodies; 6.8 Indistinct Vision; 6.9 The Great Telescope
    Description / Table of Contents: 6.9.1 Reflecting Telescopes6.9.2 Michell's Project; 6.9.3 Herschel's Telescopes; 6.9.4 Expenses and Other Problems; 6.9.5 Progress Reports; 6.9.6 Big Telescopes Now; 6.9.7 Herschel and Michell; 6.10 Geology and Mineralogy; 6.10.1 Cavendish, Blagden, and Michell; 6.10.2 Toadstone; 6.10.3 Siliceous Earth, Flints; 6.10.4 Our Explanation of Flint; 6.10.5 Geology and Christianity; 6.10.6 Michell, Geologist; 6.11 Weighing the World; 6.11.1 The Michell-Cavendish Experiment; 6.11.2 Theory of the Experiment; 6.11.3 Michell and Cavendish's Collaboration; 6.11.4 Significance of the Experiment
    Description / Table of Contents: 6.12 Last Years
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Science+Business Media B.V
    ISBN: 9789400700376
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Archimedes, New Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology 27
    DDC: 523.1
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    Keywords: Science History ; Philosophy (General) ; Mathematics_$xHistory ; Astronomy
    Abstract: Viewed as a flashpoint of the Scientific Revolution, early modern astronomy witnessed a virtual explosion of ideas about the nature and structure of the world. This study explores these theories in a variety of intellectual settings, challenging our view of modern science as a straightforward successor to Aristotelian natural philosophy. It shows how astronomers dealt with celestial novelties by deploying old ideas in new ways and identifying more subtle notions of cosmic rationality. Beginning with the celestial spheres of Peurbach and ending with the evolutionary implications of the new star Mira Ceti, it surveys a pivotal phase in our understanding of the universe as a place of constant change that confirmed deeper patterns of cosmic order and stability.
    Description / Table of Contents: Acknowledgements; Contents; Contributors; About the Authors; 1 Introduction; 2 The Reality of Peurbach's Orbs: Cosmological Continuity in Fifteenth and Sixteenth Century Astronomy; 3 Continuity and Change in Cosmological Ideas in Spain Between the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries: The Impact of Celestial Novelties; 4 Cornelius Gemma and the New Star of 1572; 5 Johannes Kepler and David Fabricius: Their Discussion on the Nova of 1604; 6 Kepler's Copernican Campaign and the New Star of 1604; 7 From Cosmos to Confession: Kepler and the Connection Between Astronomical and Religious Truth
    Description / Table of Contents: 8 Johannes Phocylides Holwarda and the Interpretation of New Stars in the Dutch Republic9 Discovering Mira Ceti: Celestial Change and Cosmic Continuity; Index
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Science+Business Media B.V
    ISBN: 1283085321 , 9781402099045 , 9781283085328
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 347
    DDC: 530.1
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Metaphysics ; Science Philosophy ; Quantum theory ; Konferenzschrift ; Physik ; Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie ; Wissenschaftstheorie
    Abstract: This volume defends a novel approach to the philosophy of physics: it is the first book devoted to a comparative study of probability, causality, and propensity, and their various interrelations, within the context of contemporary physics -- particularly quantum and statistical physics. The philosophical debates and distinctions are firmly grounded upon examples from actual physics, thus exemplifying a robustly empiricist approach. The essays, by both prominent scholars in the field and promising young researchers, constitute a pioneer effort in bringing out the connections between probabilistic, causal and dispositional aspects of the quantum domain. The book will appeal to specialists in philosophy and foundations of physics, philosophy of science in general, metaphysics, ontology of physics theories, and philosophy of probability.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface; Contents; Contributors; 1 Four Theses on Probabilities, Causes, Propensities; 1.1 Overview of the Book; 1.2 Probabilities; 1.3 Causes; 1.4 Propensities; 1.5 Transition Versus Conditional Probabilities; 1.6 Propensity as Probability; 1.7 Propensity as Dispositional Property; 1.8 Causal and Dispositional Presuppositions in Physics; References; Part I Probabilities; 2 Probability and Time Symmetry in Classical Markov Processes; 3 Probability Assignments and the Principle of Indifference. An Examination of Two Eliminative Strategies
    Description / Table of Contents: 4 Why Typicality Does Not Explain the Approach to EquilibriumPart II Causes; 5 From Metaphysics to Physics and Back: the Example of Causation; 6 On Explanation in Retro-causal Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics; 7 Causal Completeness in General Probability Theories; 8 Causal Markov, Robustness and the Quantum Correlations; Part III Propensities; 9 Do Dispositions and Propensities Have a Role in the Ontology of Quantum Mechanics? Some Critical Remarks; 10 Is the Quantum World Composed of Propensitons?; 11 Derivative Dispositions and Multiple Generative Levels; Name Index; Subject Index;
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789048124039 , 9789048124022
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (digital)
    Edition: 1
    Series Statement: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 23
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Riggs, Peter J. Quantum causality
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Quantum theory ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Quantum theory ; Science Philosophy ; Quantenmechanik ; Kausalität ; Philosophie
    Abstract: This is a treatise devoted to the foundations of quantum physics and the role that causality plays in the microscopic world governed by the laws of quantum mechanics. There is no sharp dividing line between physics and philosophy of physics. This is especially true for quantum physics where debate on its interpretation and the status of the various entities postulated has raged in both the scientific and philosophical communities since the 1920s and continues to this day. Although it is readily granted that quantum mechanics produces some strange and counter-intuitive results, it is argued in Quantum Causality that quantum mechanics is not as weird as we might have been led to believe. The dominant theory of quantum mechanics is called Orthodox Quantum Theory (also known as the Copenhagen Interpretation). Orthodox Quantum Theory is a ‘theoretical tool’ for making predictions for the possible results of experiments on quantum systems and requires the intervention of an observer or an observer’s proxy (e.g. a measuring apparatus) in order to produce predictions. Orthodox Quantum Theory does away with the notion of causality and denies the existence of an underlying quantum realm. The Causal Theory is not well known within the physics community and many physicists who do know of it are generally dismissive in their attitudes. This is a historical legacy inherited by the majority of the physics community from the most influential founders of quantum mechanics, Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg. They both denied the independent existence of a quantum level of reality and declared that causality does not apply to quantum events. Quantum Causality shows that the Causal Theory of Quantum Mechanics is a viable physical theory that provides realistic explanations for quantum phenomena. Much of what is argued for in this book will be controversial but, at the very least, these arguments will likely engender some lively debate on the various issues raised.
    Description / Table of Contents: General Introduction; Preliminaries; The Causal Theory of Quantum Mechanics; Energy and the Wave Field; Energy-Momentum Transfer and the Quantum Potential; The Exclusion Principle
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    ISBN: 9783540851981
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (digital)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Recasting reality
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Evolution (Biology) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Physics ; Philosophy ; Pauli, Wolfgang 1900-1958 ; Naturphilosophie ; Pauli, Wolfgang 1900-1958 ; Naturphilosophie
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9781402082375
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 217 p, digital)
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 258
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Series Statement: Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Futch, Michael J. Leibniz's metaphysics of time and space
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 1646-1716 ; Metaphysik ; Raum ; Zeit
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Vienna : Springer-Verlag|Wien
    ISBN: 9783211694787
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: 2., überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage 2008
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2007 Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science
    DDC: 300
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Kulturwissenschaften ; Narrativität
    Abstract: Der Autor bietet eine Gesamtansicht eines großen Themas und zugleich einer analytischen Methode zur Erfassung von Kulturen: Erzählung und Erzählen. Im Gefolge der kulturellen Wende in Human- und Sozialwissenschaften kommt den Theorien des Narrativen eine ganz neue und maßgebliche Bedeutung zu, die im Werk ausführlich erläutert werden. Im angewandten Teil wird Narrativität exemplarisch als kulturelles Phänomen wie als methodische Sichtweise auf die Kultur vorgeführt. In den letzten fünf Jahren hat sich die kulturwissenschaftliche Diskussion dynamisch entwickelt. Die zweite Ausgabe enthält ein überarbeitetes Einleitungskapitel zum Thema Kultur und Kulturwissenschaften und neue Kapitel über Geschlecht und Identität sowie Gedächtnis- und Erinnerungspolitik. In beiden Fällen wird die Tragweite eines narratologischen Ansatzes sichtbar, der Identität und Erinnerung als eine Erzählkonstruktion begreift.
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9781402042515
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIX, 232 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Archimedes 14
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Revisiting discovery and justification
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science History ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Naturwissenschaften ; Philosophie ; Wissenschaftstheorie ; Entdeckung ; Verifikation
    Abstract: The distinction between the contexts of discovery and justification has left a turbulent wake in the philosophy of science. This book recognizes the need to re-open the debate about the nature, development, and significance of the context distinction, about its merits and flaws. The discussion clears the ground for the productive and fruitful integration of these new developments into philosophy of science.
    Abstract: The distinction between the contexts of discovery and justification has had a turbulent career in philosophy of science. At times celebrated as the hallmark of philosophical approaches to science, at times condemned as ambiguous, distorting, and misleading, the distinction dominated philosophical debates from the early decades of the twentieth century to the 1980s. Until today, it informs our conception of the content, domain, and goals of philosophy of science. It is due to this fact that new trends in philosophy of experimentation and history and sociology of science have been marginalized by traditional scholarship in philosophy. To acknowledge properly this important recent work we need to re-open the debate about the nature, development, and significance of the context distinction, about its merits and flaws. The contributions to this volume provide close readings and detailed analyses of the original textual sources for the context distinction. They revise those accounts of 'forerunners' of the distinction that have been written through the lens of Logical Empiricism. They map, clarify, and analyse the derivations and mutations of the context distinctions as we encounter them in current history and philosophy of science. The re-evaluation of the distinction helps us deal with the philosophical challenges that the New Experimentalism and historically, socio-politically and economically oriented science studies have placed before us. This volume thus clears the ground for the productive and fruitful integration of these new developments into philosophy of science.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminaries; CONTENTS; Some Thoughts on the Discovery Justification Distinction; Inductive Justification and Discovery; Freedom in a Scientific Society: Reading the Context of Reichenbach's Contexts; Germano Cantabrigian History of the Fundamental Ideas; Autonomy versus Development: Duhem on Progress in Science; Psychologism and the Distinction Between Discovery and Justification; Context of Discovery versus Context of Justification and Thomas Kuhn; Weaknesses of the Strong Programme in the Sociology of Science; Heuristic Appraisal: Context of Discovery or Justification
    Description / Table of Contents: Concept Formation and the Limits of Justification Discovering the two ElectricitiesContexts of Justifying and Discovering the Nature of Ecosystems; On the Inextricability of the Context of Discovery and the Context of Justification
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
    ISBN: 9783540273523
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 292 p, online resource)
    Series Statement: Studies in Economic Ethics and Philosophy
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. The discovery of historicity in German idealism and historism
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; History ; Economics Methodology ; Philosophy ; History ; Philosophy (General) ; Economics Methodology ; Deutscher Idealismus ; Geschichtlichkeit ; Deutschland ; Geschichtsphilosophie ; Historismus ; Geschichte 1780-1900 ; Deutscher Idealismus ; Geschichtlichkeit
    Abstract: German Idealism develops its philosophy of history as the theory of becoming absolute and as absolute knowledge. Historism also originates from Hegel's and Schelling's discovery of absolute historicity as it turns against Idealism's philosophy of history by emphasizing the singular and unique in the process of history. German Idealism and Historism can be considered as the central German contribution to the history of ideas. Since Idealism became most influential for modern philosophy and Historism for modern historiography, they are analyzed in this volume in a collaboration of philosophers and historians. German Idealism is presented in Schelling and its critics Schlegel, Baader, and Nietzsche, Historism in Ranke, Droysen, Burckhardt, and Treitschke. The volume further presents the impact of Idealism and Historism on present German approaches to the philosophy of history and outlines the debates on the possibility of a philosophy of history and on the methodology of the historical sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Absolute Historicity, Theory of the Becoming Absolute, and the Affect for the Particular in German Idealism and Historism: Introduction; Schlegel's Theory of History and his Critique of Idealistic Reason; History as the Control of Speculation: Schelling's Discovery of History and Baader's Critique of Absolute Historicity; Leopold von Ranke; Droysen and Nietzsche: Two Different Answers to the Discovery of Historicity; Philosophy of History and Theory of Historiography in Jacob Burckhardt
    Description / Table of Contents: Historiography as Political Activity: Heinrich von Treitschke and the Historical Reconstruction of PoliticsLiterary Criticism and Historical Science: The Textuality of History in the Age of Goethe - and Beyond; Social and Philosophical Theory in the 19th Century German Thought; Philosophy of History After the End of the Formative Substantial Philosophy of History: Remarks on the Present State of the Philosophy of History; Why Kant's Reflections on History Still Have Relevance; Rehabilitating the Philosophy of History
    Description / Table of Contents: History and Subjectivity - The Relevance of a Philosophical Concept of History in the Kantian TraditionTowards a New Theory-Based History of Historiography; Philosophy of History After the Philosophy of History: Toward a Cultural History with Historical-Philosophical Background
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
    ISBN: 9783540283034
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 376 p, digital)
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Buchausg. u.d.T. Mittelstaedt, Peter, 1929 - 2014 Laws of nature
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    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Quantum theory ; Mathematics ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Quantum theory ; Mathematics ; Naturgesetz ; Naturgesetz
    Abstract: The book is concerned with the laws of nature and in particular with the laws of physics. The authors discuss three important questions: First, whether the observed regularities are based on strict 'laws of nature' that hold rigorously and without any exception. Second, what we call a 'law of nature' is studied by comparing this concept with invariance principles, causality principles, teleological principles and means of predicting future events. Finally, on the basis of these investigations the authors treat the ambitious and intricate third question, why the laws of nature hold. Are there rational reasons for this largely unexplained phenomenon? This book addresses students as well as researchers. It will be an excellent reference for those interested in the philosophical foundations of the natural sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction; Are there Laws of Nature at All?; Can the Laws of Nature be Genuine Laws?; Are the Laws of Logic Laws of Nature?; Are the Laws of Mathematics Laws of Nature?; Does Every Law of Nature Express an Invariance (Symmetry)?; Is Every Law of Nature Spacetime Invariant?; Dynamical and Statistical Laws; Laws, Boundary Conditions, and Constants of Nature; Causality and Predictability; Laws and Objects; Completeness and Reliability; Statistical Laws; Quantum Logic
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9781402034879
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: International Archives of the History of Ideas 190
    DDC: 135.43094709033
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    Keywords: Philosophy of Mind ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Political science Philosophy ; Novikov, Nikolaj I. 1744-1818 ; Russland ; Freimaurer ; Geschichte 1750-1792
    Abstract: This is the first investigation of the history of Russian Freemasonry, based on the premise that the facts of the Russian Enlightenment preclude application of the interpretative framework commonly used for the history of western thought. Coverage includes the development of early Russian masonry, the formation of the Novikov circle in Moscow, the 'programme' of Rosicrucianism and its Russian variant and, finally, the clash between the Rosicrucians and the State.
    Abstract: The author undertakes an investigation into the history of Russian Freemasonry that has not been attempted previously. Her premise is that the Russian Enlightenment shows peculiar features, which prevent the application of the interpretative framework commonly used for the history of western thought. The author deals with the development of early Russian masonry, the formation of the Novikov circle in Moscow, the programme of Rosicrucianism and the character of its Russian variant and, finally, the clash between the Rosicrucians and the State. The author concludes that the defenders of the Ancien Régime were not wrong. In fact the democratic behaviour, the critical attitude, the practice of participation, the freedom of thought, the tolerance for the diversity, the search for a direct communication with the divinity, in short all the attitudes and behaviours first practiced inside the eighteenth century Rosicrucian lodges constituted a cultural experience which spread throughout the entire society. Novikov s imprisonment in 1792 and the war against the Rosicrucian literature were attempts to thwart a culture, based on the independence of thought that was taking root inside the very establishment, representing a menace to its stability.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminary; Introduction; Freemasonry and Power: The Paradoxes of Petersburg; Utopia and Reform in Moscow: N. I. Novikov's Circle; Russian Rosicrucianism, between East and West; The Rosicrucians and Authority: An Alliance of the Throne and the Altar; Back matter
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 263-287) and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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