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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (1,101)
  • GBV
  • 2020-2024  (1,101)
  • Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (1,101)
  • Research & information: general  (1,101)
Datasource
  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (1,101)
  • GBV
Material
Language
Years
  • 2020-2024  (1,101)
Year
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036598376 , 9783036598383
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (396 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Animals & society ; replacement, reduction, refinement, disease models, human-animal interaction, translation
    Abstract: This reprint focuses on the latest advances in the field of the 3Rs, as applied to laboratory animals. The continuous progress in the application of the 3Rs will allow for us to achieve a more humane and equally competitive science, improving animal welfare
    Note: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036594149 , 9783036594156
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (376 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Forestry & related industries ; BDq method ; Eastern Amazon ; degraded tropical forest ; forest restoration ; forest economy ; logging selection criteria ; sustainable forest management ; visual perception ; rainforest ; land use ; aesthetics ; Amazon ; management implications ; black locust ; forest ; germination ; provenances ; seed dormancy ; old growth forests ; gene flow ; molecular markers ; legally protected forests ; noninvasive genetic sampling ; brown bear ; management plan ; residual trees ; logging technology ; silvicultural works ; tree healed wound ; forest gaps ; plant colonisation ; community strategy ; Dinaric fir-beech forests ; Ellenberg values ; whole system approach ; data fusion and integration ; semantic and ontological compatibility ; mountain ecosystems ; ecosystem condition ; remote sensing ; vegetation indices ; climate change reanalysis ; dominant species level forest ecosystem classification ; Norway spruce ; Douglas fir ; beech ; maple ; soil chemical properties ; soil microorganisms ; silver fir ; Romanian Carpathians ; stand productivity ; forest sustainability ; silviculture ; ecology ; management ; risks ; uses ; impact ; competitive strength ; forest management ; nature conservation ; naturalness ; European beech ; species diversity ; invasiveness ; homogenization ; Ophiostoma novo-ulmi ; subspecies ; Ulmus minor ; U. glabra ; U. laevis ; tolerance to DED ; climate ; built-up area ; geographical information systems (GIS) ; native species ; plant diversity ; urbanization gradient ; ecological reconstruction ; bacteria diversity ; sustainable rehabilitation ; climate change effects ; peri-urban forest management ; forest stability ; urban expansion ; greenhouse gas emissions ; forest resilience ; diversity ; four corner ; microscale elevation ; correlation ; elevation effects ; alpha diversity ; Andes ; tourist circuit ; beta diversity ; native plants ; phenology ; species richness ; n/a
    Abstract: In the current context of global change and global interconnectedness, our role in connecting the dots and finding solutions to current and future problems is very important. When talking specifically about the management of forests, we can see its continuous evolution and, more importantly, its adaptation to contemporary challenges. As is well known, forest ecosystems play an essential role in our economy, human wellbeing and global wellbeing. More specifically, one of the main challenges in forest management is represented by the sustainability of resources and need to conserve biological diversity. The best way is to think globally, to find patterns that repeat themselves and to investigate solutions that can help us to prepare a better future. In this regard, we think that it is essential to review papers that present interesting findings that could guide us. The first step was to select 18 articles from a wide range of countries located on three continents, including Brazil, Bulgaria, Ecuador, Germany, Malaysia, Peru, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Our main goal was to analyse the regionally specific aspects, as well as general aspects that can be applied worldwide. Using this approach, we narrowed our research to eight sub-domains: natural and human disturbances, genetics, site conditions, tropical forest, peri-urban forest, forest soils, forest reserves, and mountain ecosystems. These articles tackle themes such as peri-urban forests and their impact on urban agglomerations, ecoturism, cultural heritages and practices from local communities, human interventions and best practices
    Note: English
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036595191 , 9783036595184
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics ; Optical physics ; acousto-optics ; phased-array piezoelectric transducers ; acousto-optic materials ; anisotropic Bragg diffraction ; acousto-optic devices ; spectral imaging ; acousto-optic interaction ; image quality ; confocal scheme ; collimating scheme ; AOTF spectrometer ; in situ measurement ; lunar surface ; terahertz radiation ; diffraction ; liquefied inert gas ; transparent electrode ; mesh structure ; sheet resistance ; transparency ; groove ; lithography ; chemical deposition ; shielding efficiency ; acousto-optic crystals ; propagation of acoustic waves ; non-destructive testing ; impulse acoustic microscopy ; AOTF ; AutoML ; feature wavelength selection ; near infrared detection system ; aberrations ; coordinate mapping ; figure of merit ; monoclinic crystal ; potassium rare-earth tungstate ; two-dimensional phononic crystals ; fused silica ; finite element method ; polarization of acoustic waves ; acousto–optic interaction ; acousto-optic ; tunable filter ; surface plasmon resonance ; surface electromagnetic wave spectroscopy ; thin film thickness ; wavelength and angular interrogation ; refractive index sensing ; AOTF spectral imager ; geometric calibration of AO crystal ; spectral response ; imaging aberrations ; tuning curve ; acousto-optic interaction geometry ; polar angular analysis ; tolerance analysis ; spectral imaging system ; polarization multiplexed ; high throughput ; color reproduction ; spectral power distribution ; Bragg diffraction ; multi-wavelength light filtration ; image processing
    Abstract: Acousto-optic technologies have increasingly attracted the attention of scientists and engineers. Acousto-optic interactions have become the flexible basis of compact and robust devices for the analysis of the intensity, spectrum, polarization, and other properties of light. In this book, modern trends of acousto-optical spectral technologies, including the fundamentals and optimization of existing techniques, are highlighted and discussed. This reprint provides a forum for reports on technical developments that allow the spectral analysis of various objects to take place. The goal of this reprint is to provide readers with an overview of the hot topics and the state of the art regarding the applications of acousto-optic techniques, including new materials and structures, theoretical and experimental studies of light diffraction by ultrasonic waves, spectroscopy, and spectral imaging
    Note: English
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036595641 , 9783036595658
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (274 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science ; non-linear optimal control ; stratified fluids ; energy functional ; optimal condition ; state variable ; travelling waves ; Eyring–Powell ; geometric perturbation ; nonlinear reaction–diffusion ; unsteady flow ; C∞-semigroups ; analytic semigroups ; Fourier multipliers ; Λ-ellipticity ; fractional Zakharov system ; stochastic Zakharov system ; Riccati–Bernoulli sub-ODE method ; Jacobi elliptic function method ; generalized fractional derivative ; time-diffusion problem ; generalized linear interpolation ; numerical scheme ; backward nonlocal wave equation ; Pascal bases automatically satisfying specified conditions ; integral boundary condition ; nonlocal boundary shape function ; delay differential equations ; 2D parabolic equations ; fractional step method ; convection diffusion problems ; shallow water flow ; Faedo–Galerkin method ; feedback control ; PDE’s stabilization ; tuberculosis ; COVID-19 ; diffusion ; coinfection ; stability ; singularly perturbed problem ; parabolic differential equation ; convection–diffusion problem ; line discontinuous source term ; streamline–diffusion finite element method ; Shishkin mesh ; uniformly convergent ; diffusion equations ; traveling waves ; phototaxis ; bacterial motion ; biological aggregation ; chemotaxis model ; integral inequality ; global uniform boundedness ; CNL-GZE ; lump-type solitons ; rogue wave ; appropriate transformation technique ; optimal decay ; viscoelastic wave equation ; nonlinear time-varying delay ; nonlinear damping ; acoustic boundary conditions
    Abstract: Partial differential equations are indispensable for modeling various phenomena and processes, such as those in physics, biology, finance, and engineering. Finding solutions to partial differential equations using qualitative theories or quantitative methods, as well as the application of such investigations to real-world problems, has drawn a large amount of interest from researchers. This reprint encompasses all the articles that were accepted and published in this Special Issue titled "Applications of Partial Differential Equations ". We hope that these accepted and published papers will be impactful and motivate future research on partial differential equations for solving complex problems in various fields, disciplines, and applications
    Note: English
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9783036595825 , 9783036595832
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (430 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture ; Soil acidity and nutrient uptake ; Critical stages of nutrient requirement by crop plants ; Effect of nutrients on yield component formation ; Nutrient balance ; Macronutrient impact on crop growth rate and physiological determinants of yielding ; Nutrients and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses ; Nitrogen use effectivity ; Urease and nitrification inhibitors ; Crop plant quality
    Abstract: The term fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) is not new. However, in recent years, improving the FUE has become particularly significant. This is due to growing demographic pressure, limited natural resources, climate change, and challenges related to environmental protection. This Special Issue of Plants contains papers that describe the current status of the knowledge and outlook of FUE improvement. The two review articles included provide an opportunity to become acquainted with the factors influencing FUE and contemporary trends in the development of fertilization strategies and technologies aimed at maximizing the value of this indicator. Of note, the concept of effective fertilization is presented and defined as the soil fertility clock (SFC). The 19 original articles included in this reprint present the results of research on the following: optimal N dose determination, balanced N fertilization, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), foliar fertilization, improving the effectiveness of phosphorus use, and the possibility of improving FUE through the application of innovative fertilizers. Thanks to all the articles, this Special Issue enriches our knowledge in terms of the assessment methods of FUE in plant production. Moreover, it indicates new possibilities, perspectives, and directions for the development of scientific research within this field in the coming future
    Note: English
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036597522 , 9783036597539
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Zoology & animal sciences ; cave biology ; subterranean habitats ; vertebrates ; invertebrates ; community dynamics ; biospeleology ; hypogean ; conservation ; biodiversity ; troglobite ; troglophile ; trogloxene ; extreme environment ; niche ; epikarst ; classification trees ; Copepoda ; random forests ; Diptera ; Limonia ; Limonia nubeculosa ; Neolimonia ; Trichoceridea ; cave community ; prey ; food resources ; occupancy ; abundance ; Astyanax ; Spelaeomysis ; Troglomexicanus ; Speocirolana ; Toro cave ; Sierra de El Abra ; troglomorphy ; stygobite ; fieldwork ; wild fish ; comparative biology ; behavior ; troglomorphism ; olfactory test ; infrared movies ; amino acids ; chondroitin ; plasticity ; cybernetics ; ecology ; cavefish ; dissolved oxygen ; cave evolution ; Astyanax mexicanus ; Ostracoda ; Yucatán Peninsula ; cenotes ; mitochondrial marker ; geometric morphometrics ; population ecology ; growth ; movements ; São Domingos karst area ; subterranean fishes ; evolution ; origin of troglobites ; Brazil ; subterranean biology ; environmental science ; biogeography ; distribution records ; groundwater ; underwater caves ; cenote ; mysid ; stygobiont ; bioindicator ; accidental cave visitors ; Arachnida ; Araneae ; arid ; levant ; Mediterranean ; species diversity
    Abstract: From a biological perspective, the subterranean realm is one of the less studied, but at the same time, one of the most promising, theatres for new findings and research. Compared to those on the surface, the ecological conditions occurring in subterranean habitats are relatively simple, and this may be an optimal scenario for understanding the mechanisms allowing the colonization, adaptation, and evolution of species, as well as their interactions within local communities. Diversity in subterranean habitats is often overlooked, and few studies embrace whole communities or try to assess functional relationships between species. This Special Issue reprint comprises papers covering a wide range of aspects related to the distribution, composition, and roles of subterranean communities occurring in different typologies of subterranean habitats
    Note: English
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036597140 , 9783036597157
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Biochemistry ; Hsp90 ; heat shock proteins ; chaperone ; structure ; mechanism ; regulation ; disease ; cancer ; neurological disease ; drug development
    Abstract: The Hsp90 chaperone complex is responsible for the activation and maturation of a vast array of signaling proteins. Recently, there has been a leap in our understanding of the Hsp90 structure and molecular mechanisms involved in such regulation. This has opened a doorway to the underlying mechanisms of disease processes and how we may intervene in such mechanisms to improve prognosis. The focus of this Special Issue is on the recent structural and biochemical advances of Hsp90 that provide insights into the mechanistic activation of Hsp90 on client proteins. It will also include discussions on Hsp90 and its co-chaperones, and their potential as therapeutic targets against human diseases
    Note: English
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9783036595924 , 9783036595931
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (494 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science ; PLS-SEM ; structural equations ; economics ; finance ; healthcare ; sustainability ; environment
    Abstract: This reprint includes 23 research articles and 1 review accepted and published by MDPI in the Special Issue entitled "Recent Advances and Applications in Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)", comprising 7 articles in Economies, 6 articles in Mathematics, 10 articles in Sustainability and 1 article in Data. The covered topics include the impacts of COVID-19 and climate change on food security or the tourism sector, the critical factors affecting the implementation of corporate governance, consumers' perspectives and behaviors toward corporate social responsibility, consumers’ ethnocentrism and country of origin, the differentiation strategy and export performance in emerging countries, the influence of agricultural development on alleviating rural poverty, leadership and employee performance, the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance, the role of commitment in an extended theory of planned behavior, major shifts in sustainable consumer behavior, an empirical evaluation of customers' adoption of drone food delivery services, European citizens' happiness, the mediation of corporate social responsibility between information and communication technologies adoption and SMEs performance, students’ satisfaction about blended learning, etc. This reprint is expected to benefit those working in the area of PLS-SEM, regardless of their field of study (economics, finance, marketing, education, etc.). Applications involving higher-order constructs, mediating variables, multigroup analysis, and the latest advances in applied methodology are detailed in this reprint
    Note: English
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036598703 , 9783036598697
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; triel bond ; hydrogen bonding ; proton transfer ; NBO ; halogen bonding ; haloforms ; Amines ; NMR spectroscopy ; UV–Vis spectroscopy ; DFT calculations ; X-ray crystallography ; halogen bond ; QTAIM ; energy density ; pyrazole ; electron density ; hcb net ; metallic anion ; nucleophilic substitution reaction ; quantum chemistry calculation ; reductive elimination ; hydrogen bond ; abnormality ; competition ; AIM ; cysteine dimers ; NCI ; stochastic optimization ; salt bridges ; non-covalent interactions ; dihydrogen bonding ; local vibrational mode analysis ; blue/red shifts ; hydride complexes ; hydrogen storage ; halogen bonds ; density functional theory ; energy decomposition analysis ; ring current analysis ; spin-orbit coupling ; ortho-carborane ; iodo derivatives ; X-ray structure ; I⋯I dihalogen bond ; vinyl cations ; vinyl cation adduct ; very strong H-bond ; proton disolvate ; carborane salt
    Abstract: This reprint focuses on the geometrical and spectroscopic features as well as potential applications of halogen, chalcogen, pnictogen, tetrel, and triel bonds in chemical reactions, crystal engineering, molecular recognition, and biological systems. We particularly aim to present studies concerning the bonds formed between some novel important electron donors and acceptors, similarities and differences between these bonds, structures of the complexes composed of these bonds in solution and gas phases, spectroscopic methods for measuring these bonds in solution and gas phases, and applications of these bonds in chemical reactions, crystal engineering, molecular recognition, and biological systems
    Note: English
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036596983 , 9783036596990
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (260 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture ; food gels ; novel processing methods ; food applications 
    Abstract: This Reprint provides the most relevant and state-of-the-art research in the field, including the use of novel gelation agents, the characterization of the structure and rheological properties of food gels, and the application of food gels in novel food products
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9783036595528 , 9783036595535
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (750 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics ; photovoltaic and thermal solar energy ; wind energy ; artificial intelligence applied to clean energy systems ; microgrids ; energy storage in batteries: lead&ndash ; acid, lithium-ion, nickel&ndash ; cadmium, flow batteries, others ; control of electrical systems ; renewable energies
    Abstract: The global transition toward a renewable energy-centric energy matrix represents a focal point of interest for the international community in the pursuit of mitigating environmental pollution and combating climate change. This reprint advocates for the proposition of technologically advanced solutions, emphasizing heightened efficiency, superior energy integration, and cost-effectiveness. Such advancements are poised to accelerate the widespread adoption of renewable energies, thereby propelling collective endeavors towards sustainable development. Within the intricate framework of energy systems, energy storage stands as a cornerstone, providing indispensable attributes such as continuity, stability, and security of service. The seamless integration of energy storage systems into renewable energy technologies emerges as a pivotal imperative. This strategic integration addresses the challenge of intermittency, ensuring prolonged utilization of renewable sources and contributing significantly to the decarbonization of both centralized and distributed electrification systems. This reprint amalgamates pioneering research, offering a scholarly foundation that will propel the sustainable development of energy storage integration. Positioned as a valuable resource, it informs decision-making processes in both the public and private sectors, steering them towards a more resilient and environmentally conscious energy landscape
    Note: English
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036596204 , 9783036596211
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Food & society ; α-amylase inhibitor ; biofortification ; lectins ; nutritional enhancement ; phytic acid ; predicted glycemic index ; sensory analysis ; temporal dominance sensation ; legumes ; fermented beans ; extruded snacks ; spices ; antioxidant activity ; lupin ; health outcomes ; type 2 diabetes ; cardiovascular disease ; obesity ; legume proteins ; nutraceuticals ; structural properties ; bioactive peptides ; in vivo digestibility ; health effects ; Lupin ; processing ; lupin kernel fibre ; food ingredient ; composition ; techno-functionality ; health benefits ; consumer acceptability ; coronary heart disease ; health care cost ; cost-of-illness analysis ; nutrition economics ; dietary guidelines ; consumption ; sustainability ; chronic disease ; Setaria italica L ; Cicer arietinum L ; Hibiscus sabdariffa L ; chickpea flour ; foxtail millet flour ; minerals ; organic acids ; pregelatinization ; sensory evaluation ; nutritional values ; in vitro bioaccessibility ; benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) ; lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs) ; voiding symptoms ; soy ; soy food ; isoflavones ; prostate smooth muscle contraction ; faba proteins ; enzymatic hydrolysis ; UHT processing ; emulsion ; phenolic compounds ; in vitro digestion ; colonic fermentation ; cotyledon cells ; in vitro starch digestion ; legume structure ; low glycaemic index ; navy beans ; protein matrix ; beans ; fiber ; pulses ; carbohydrate ; fat ; protein ; NHANES ; waist
    Abstract: We are very excited to introduce this Special Issue of Nutrients, “Advances in Legumes for Human Nutrition”. Recently, legumes have contributed to a sustainable and increased food supply for the rapidly growing global population due to climate change. Legume seeds that are intact or milled into flour offer a complex array of macro- and micronutrients and phytochemicals for human nutrition. Additionally, they can be fractionated into their component proteins, starches, lipids and dietary fibre as health- and techno-functional food ingredients. These ingredients are in great demand by the food industry, for example, in the manufacture of vegetarian and vegan dairy products and meat analogues with good nutritional profiles. However, the issues, such as micronutrient availability, antinutrients and allergenicity, still require solutions for the maximum uptake of legumes by humans. We invited manuscripts that address any aspect of this broad topic, including the impact of innovative food technologies on the nutritional value of legumes and those focusing on nutritional properties of seeds from underutilised members of the Fabaceae (Leguminosae) family
    Note: English
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036596655 , 9783036596648
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (250 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Meteorology & climatology ; El Niño ; winter weather types ; precipitable water ; surface water vapor pressure ; consistency ; interannual and long-term trend ; precipitation ; trend analysis ; Iraq ; climate projection ; CMIP5 ; groundwater levels ; rainfall ; temperature ; Mann–Kendall test ; Bayesian Ensemble Algorithm ; rainstorm process ; rainstorm intensity ; risk estimation and mapping ; CMIP6 ; risk prediction ; Southwest China ; rainstorm and flood ; spatial and temporal change ; atmospheric circulation ; rainfall change ; CHIRPS ; PERSIANN-CDR ; descriptive statistics ; non-parametric trends ; Google Earth Engine ; central Punjab ; climate change ; land cover/land use ; vegetation ; NDVI ; Huai River Basin ; trends and variability ; flood magnitude ; Qilian Mountains ; cyclones power dissipation index (PDI) ; monsoon trough ; El Niño southern oscillation (ENSO) ; Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) ; Walker circulation ; predictability ; global ; seasonal precipitation ; ENSO ; MJO ; climate trend ; land use land cover ; Nile River Basin ; water resources ; raindrop spectrum ; radar ; dynamic Z-I ; LSTM neural network ; precipitation estimation ; Loess Plateau ; spring maize ; relative soil moisture ; drought index ; n/a
    Abstract: Global warming is imposing tremendous challenges upon human and otherwise biotic life on Earth. A warmer atmosphere holds more moisture. The consensus is that the moisture transport by the atmospheric circulation strengthens and makes already wet areas of moisture convergence wetter and already dry areas of moisture divergence drier. Therefore, the tropics and mid-to-high latitudes will get wetter and the subtropics will get drier. Without any change in the interannual variability of hydroclimate, the change in the mean hydroclimate would equally increase drought risk in some places and flood risk in others. Moreover, global warming will cause the interannual variability of the hydroclimate to intensify, which will induce more droughts and floods. Furthermore, the changing atmospheric circulation interaction with the land surface may cause storm track alterations and may play an important role in shaping moisture redistribution. The author's contributions have documented the precipitation trends in southeast of the US, the Nile River Basin Ethiopia, Iraq, the Huai River Basin of northern China, and the Qilian Mountains of western China. The precipitation predictability on both global and regional scales are also studied. The interaction among climate systems in southeast Asia is also explicitly documented
    Note: English
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036597379 , 9783036597362
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (270 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Geography ; health resorts ; management ; Poland ; investment gaps ; overtourism ; investment attractiveness ; sustainability ; Kraków ; Doxey index ; attitudes ; residents ; service providers ; life form ; dispersal mode ; semi-natural habitats ; trampling ; vascular plants ; tourist experiences ; ecological awareness ; protected areas ; Tatra National Park ; TripAdvisor ; conflict management ; social conflict ; conflict analysis ; circle of conflict ; urban tourism ; tourism-phobia ; tourism in cities ; tourist gentrification ; impact of tourism ; experience economy ; sustainable tourism ; Wrocław city ; subjective well-being ; festivals ; tourism consequences ; tourism area life cycle model ; tourism carrying capacity ; tourism intensity index ; tourism density index ; over-tourism ; temporal distribution ; willingness to pay ; choice experiment ; tourism management and development ; UNESCO World Heritage site ; sustainable development ; Social Capital Theory ; sharing economy ; collaborative economy ; tourism ; gentrification ; tourism impact ; non-mega sports events ; sports tourism ; quality of life of hosts ; social impact of sports events
    Abstract: This reprint contains articles published as part of the Special Issue of "Sustainable Tourism: Ways to Counteract the Negative Effects of Overtourism at Tourist Attractions and Destinations" in the journal Sustainability in the "Tourism, Culture, and Heritage" section. It contains 13 articles presenting research on various aspects of overtourism: the attitudes of city dwellers towards overtourism, e.g., Krakow and Wrocław; the effects of tourism development in regions of natural value, e.g., the Tatra National Park; and areas adjacent to tourist routes. It looked at night-time tourism and the sharing economy, as well as how business models can be used to manage sustainable tourism. The phenomenon of overtourism in Tunisia, Brazil, and South Korea is described. The articles published in 2020 are very popular. They have been viewed by several thousand researchers and have been cited 300 times by other authors
    Note: English
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036595399 , 9783036595382
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (248 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Chemistry ; oyster shell waste ; washing method ; sodium chloride ; impurities ; particle size ; anaerobic digestion ; agricultural inputs ; biochemical methane potential ; biodegradability ; lignocellulosic biomasses ; manures ; agriculture ; agricultural waste management ; allelopathic effect ; invasive species ; phytoremediation ; rice straw ; rice bran ; rice husk ; agricultural waste ; valorization ; circular economy ; biomass ; bioeconomy ; kinetics ; lignocellulosic biomass ; mechanical pretreatment ; methane potential ; twin-screw extrusion ; fruit and vegetable ; biowaste ; synergies ; matchmaking ; platform ; industrial symbiosis ; waste management ; sustainability ; green building ; recycle ; food waste ; lightweight concrete ; lime concrete ; fruit shells ; coarse aggregate replacement ; sugarcane bagasse ; pentose liquor ; dark fermentation ; biohydrogen ; organic acids ; biorefinery ; fungi ; laccase ; microcosm ; homogenisation ; hemicellulose ; cellulose ; fibre ; conventional limestone ; waste brown eggshells ; polylactic acid ; mechanical properties ; bio-composite ; Aspergillus niger ; ellagitannins ; phenolic compounds ; punica granatum ; saccharomyces cerevisiae ; solid-state fermentation ; limonene ; alpha-pinene ; biotransformation ; terpene ; flavouring agent
    Abstract: Agricultural practices, industrial manufacturing, and household consumption are just a few of the activities that contribute to the production of food waste biomass. Modern environmental theories, like the circular economy, are thought to be the impulse behind the implementation of zero-waste policies. The huge percentage of such residual biomass has significant potential to be used as a raw material to produce novel products and specialty feedstock through biorefining procedures, even though the high volume of waste originating from the food industry raises serious concerns regarding both economic and environmental aspects. Given that many plant parts that are rejected during fruit and vegetable processing (e.g., leaves, branches, peels, roots, stems, and seeds) carry a sizable load of phytochemicals, including polyphenols, the recovery of valuable secondary metabolites from waste plant tissues is an appealing prospect in this regard. This specific group of substances exhibits a wide range of chemical compositions with diverse biological characteristics and functions, including antioxidant and antibacterial activities as well as chemoprotective effects against cancer and other degenerative diseases
    Note: English
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036597065 , 9783036597072
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (196 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture ; sustainable agriculture ; soil quality ; best agronomic practices ; soil physical properties ; soil management ; conservation agriculture ; precision agriculture ; cover crop and rotation ; water management ; nutrient management
    Abstract: In the face of mounting challenges such as food insecurity and environmental degradation, the significance of sustainable agriculture has become increasingly apparent as a beacon for our collective future. Central to this transformative movement is the profound importance of soil health, which serves as the bedrock for both crop productivity and ecological resilience. The Special Issue "Advancements in Soil and Sustainable Agriculture" boldly ventures into this pivotal realm, unveiling a rich tapestry of groundbreaking research dedicated to preserving soil health and cultivating a more environmentally conscious agricultural landscape. Within the pages of this reprint, a wealth of experimental studies and insightful reviews converge to address a broad spectrum of soil sustainability issues. From innovative nutrient management strategies to the remediation of contaminated soils, the contributors to this Special Issue illuminate the nuanced interplay between agricultural practices and the intricate web of soil health. This comprehensive collection stands as a guiding compass for researchers, shedding light on the complexities of sustainable agriculture and paving the way for a future that harmonizes food security with environmental stewardship. The invaluable insights encapsulated within these pages are poised to propel the frontiers of sustainable agriculture, ensuring a trajectory where the principles of environmental consciousness and resilient food production intertwine seamlessly for generations to come
    Note: English
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9783036597584 , 9783036597591
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture ; Agricultural engineering ; new technologies ; remote sensing ; precision agriculture
    Abstract: The agricultural sector is undergoing a profound transformation derived from the introduction of new technologies and tools from industry 4.0, giving rise to what has been called Agriculture 4.0. This Reprint contains a selection of some interesting recent advances in this field, including new techniques for remote crop sensing and agricultural machinery, the development of novel vision and deep learning algorithms, advances in aquaculture technologies, and a review on the state of the art in Horticulture 4.0
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036596105 , 9783036596112
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (230 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics ; titanium ; surface modification ; surface topographies ; multifunctional surfaces ; metamaterials ; 4D printing ; ZK60 magnesium ; micro-arc oxidation ; atmospheric plasma spraying ; corrosion ; additive manufacturing ; porous titanium ; implant coatings ; antibacterial agent ; laser cladding ; Ca/P bio-ceramic coating ; biocompatibility ; bioactivity ; wear resistance ; magnetite ; conversion coating ; optimization ; invitro cytotoxicity ; beta titanium alloy ; elastic modulus ; corrosion property ; osseointegration ; Ti-matrix composites (TMCs) ; graphene oxide (GO) ; mechanical properties ; reinforcement ; laser-induced periodic surface structures ; femtosecond laser processing ; functional surfaces ; application ; composite ; 3D printing ; bioresorbable Fe-Cu-hydroxyapatite composite ; titanium alloy ; phosphate layer ; biomaterial ; zinc phosphate ; scholzite ; PVA films ; boric acid ; polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride ; antimicrobial properties ; surface treatment ; titanium alloys ; microstructure ; physicochemical properties
    Abstract: Biomaterials are natural or artificial materials used to manufacture implants to replace lost or diseased biological structures in order to restore form and function. Biomaterials that require long-term service, such as orthopedic implants, need good physical and chemical stability, such as stainless steel and titanium alloys. The application of metal in biomedicine is becoming more and more common, but due to its various limitations, it is often necessary to modify its surface to obtain better performance and better clinical application. There are many technologies for the surface modification of medical metals, such as laser surface modification, chemical treatment, plasma surface modification, etc., and these technologies are still being developed to meet market demand. This reprint will provide important contributions related to the announced topics, focusing on biomedical metals and the surface modification technologies of biomedical metals
    Note: English
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  • 19
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036596365 , 9783036596372
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (208 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Environmental economics ; forest ecohydrology ; stand structure ; spatial distribution ; hydrological process ; ecological process ; scale effect and scaling ; ecohydrological models ; forest&ndash ; water interaction ; integrated forest&ndash ; water management ; forest ecosystem service
    Abstract: Forests are inherently linked to water resources and water-related ecosystem services. Therefore, an integrated forest–water management system is urgently required to ensure a balanced supply of hydrological and other ecosystem services from forests to meet the fast-increasing societal demands for them. This means that water aspects must be integrated into traditional forest management focusing mainly on timber production, and based on the knowledge and the latest scientific results of forest ecohydrology. Unfortunately, there are a lot of gaps in our knowledge of forest ecohydrology. This reprint presents relevant new results from scientific research on forest ecohydrology, related to the drought tolerance mechanism, hydrological properties of soil and litter layers, variation in solar radiation within stands, snowpack isotopic composition in open and forested areas, canopy transpiration and response to the main influencing factors, and the water balance components of typical forests at different regions with various climates. This knowledge can contribute to the theoretical development of forest ecohydrology and the innovative practice of integrated forest–water management to enhance the balanced supply of hydrological and other ecosystem services from forests
    Note: English
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  • 20
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036592312 , 9783036592305
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (240 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics ; Romanian nearshore ; EEZ ; ERA5 ; water depth ; energy resources ; offshore wind turbines ; offshore wind ; technical analysis ; economic analysis ; Philippines ; European seas ; sea state conditions ; wind climate ; wave climate ; statistical analysis ; solar farm siting ; assessment criteria ; entropy weight method ; AHP ; TOPSIS ; wave power ; wave energy converters (WECs) ; Galician coast ; SWAN ; wave-energy converter array ; interconnected model ; model predictive control ; hardware-in-the-loop ; wave energy converter (WEC) ; heaving point-absorber WEC ; WEC array ; WECfarm ; physical modelling ; real-time control ; MATLAB-Simulink ; heaving point absorber WEC ; system identification (SID) ; solar radiation ; marine renewable energy ; floating solar panels (FPV) ; sustainability ; wave energy converter ; floating flapping-panel ; slope ; hydrodynamic performance ; n/a
    Abstract: Taking into account the increasing general concern related to the necessity of reducing CO2 emissions, a very important aspect of this topic refers to the green energy sector. In this vein, the present Special Issue is focused on the area of Offshore Renewable Energy (ORE). This Special Issue contains valuable works related to ORE
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9783036595481 , 9783036595498
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (138 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Chemistry ; Physical chemistry ; white emission ; liquid crystal ; aggregated structure ; gold(I) complex ; carbazole moiety ; molecular chirality ; π-conjugated compound ; chromonic liquid crystal ; ionic liquid ; nematic ; hexagonal columnar phase ; twist–bend nematic phase ; direct twist–bend nematic phase transition ; liquid crystal dimer ; cyanobiphenyl dimer ; short spacer ; diphenylacetylene ; fluorinated tolanecarboxylic acid ; fluorine ; photoluminescence ; liquid crystals ; nematic phase ; phase transition ; polysiloxane ; photoalignment ; UV curing ; rubbing method ; composite alignment layer ; high pretilt angle ; incidence angle dependence ; mechanofluorochromic dye ; gel ; electrochromism ; tetrafluorocyclohexa-1,3-diene ; tricyclic molecule ; aggregation ; self-sort ; segregated columns ; binary mixture ; amphiphilicity ; homeotropic alignment
    Abstract: This Special Issue includes ten papers by 45 authors, including excellent cutting-edge research from Japan. Looking at the papers reported here, Japan’s liquid crystalline research is a global pioneer within this field. It is clear that Japanese liquid crystalline research will further develop in the future
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9783036597249 , 9783036597256
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture ; Agriculture ecosystem ; Carbon cycling ; Global warming ; Rhizosphere ; Rhizodeposition ; Soil microbes
    Abstract: As the global population and demand for food steadily increase, the maintenance and enhancement of soil productivity to ensure food security is becoming an important issue at the global level as global warming continues to progress. Soil carbon acts as a global carbon sink, playing a crucial role in soil fertility maintenance. Soil carbon is a complex product resulting from various microbial processes; it is a fragile entity, vulnerable to inappropriate human activity and global climate change. Soil microbes that utilize carbon efficiently may help to reduce carbon losses and increase carbon storage. This Special Issue highlights the current understanding of the dynamics of soil carbon and the microbial processes in agricultural ecosystems from the molecular level to the regional and global scales. The topics of interest in this Special Issue include carbon dynamics in plant–soil systems, the carbon balance, approaches to managing soil carbon maintenance and carbon sequestration, and related microbial processes in agricultural ecosystems
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  • 23
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036566924 , 9783036566931
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (252 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Environmental economics
    Abstract: Several factors influence consumers’ choices of food products. While price remains the main criterion, quality, pleasure, convenience, and health are also important driving factors in food market evolution. Food enterprises are making significant efforts to manufacture products that meet consumers’ demands without compromising on safety standards. Additionally, the food industry also aims to improve the efficiency of transformation and conservation processes by minimizing energy consumption, process duration, and waste generation. However, foods are highly complex systems in which: (i) Non-linear dynamics and interactions among different temporal and spatial scales must be considered; (ii) A wide range of physical phenomena occur; (iii) Different food matrices, with different microstructures and properties are involved; and (iv) The number of quality and safety indicators (such as bacteria, total volatile basic nitrogen, color, texture, odor, and sensory characteristics) is substantial. Mathematical modeling and simulation are key elements that allow us to gain a deeper understanding of food processes and enable the use of tools such as optimization and real-time control to improve their efficiency. This Special Issue gathers research on the development of dynamic mathematical models that describe the relevant factors in food processes, and model-based tools to improve such processes. The contributions published in this Special Issue can be grouped into two categories: the evolution of safety and quality indicators in unprocessed food systems, and transformation and preservation processes
    Note: English
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  • 24
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036566207 , 9783036566214
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This reprint focuses on novel findings of diagnostic dermatopathology, such as diagnosable new morphological (histopathologic) findings, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent markers, and molecular techniques. Dermatopathology is the most sophisticated area in anatomic pathology; we can easily observe superficial skin lesions using our eyes without the need for an invasive approach and can easily compare gross configurations to microscopic and immunohistochemical findings. Meanwhile, dermatopathology has recently focused on the study of various cutaneous diseases at the molecular biology level. Many cutaneous diseases are now being well-researched, and special attention is paid to keratoacanthoma, lichen sclerosus (et atrophicus), mycosis fungoides, atopic dermatitis, epidermolysis bullosa, extramammary Paget’s disease, malignant melanoma, psoriasis, and secondary neoplasms associated with nevus sebaceous
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  • 25
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036565712 , 9783036565705
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Ecological science, the Biosphere
    Abstract: The introduction of permanent cardiac pacing in the late 1950s began the era of cardiac electrotherapy. In the 1980s, implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) were introduced. These advances created new challenges for cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Right ventricular pacing was the primary breakthrough; however, over the years, it has become apparent that it can induce cardiac contraction dyssynchrony. Biventricular pacing allowed for the alleviation of dyssynchrony and improved the survival of patients with heart failure and bundle branch block. In recent decades, His bundle pacing has become a new strategy for physiological ventricular activation. However, the use of CIEDs carries several risks, e.g., complications related to transvenous leads. This led to the development of percutaneous lead extraction techniques as well as the introduction of a subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD) and leadless pacing. Technological evolution promises an exciting future in the development of cardiac electrotherapy.In this Special Issue, readers can find out about the clinical and hemodynamic aspects of right ventricular, His bundle, and biventricular pacing; ICD therapy; treatment of complications and technological advances in cardiac electrotherapy
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  • 26
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036565392 , 9783036565408
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (258 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Geography
    Abstract: The Special Issue "Mapping, Monitoring and Assessing Disasters" includes recent advances and results from research in the field of disaster detection and monitoring, and disaster impact assessment and mapping. It includes 10 research articles on multiparametric and interdisciplinary research on disaster phenomena related to geophysical and hydrometeorological hazards (e.g., earthquakes, landslides, tsunami, medicanes, megafires) that have occurred in various regions of Greece, New Zealand and Chile. These approaches constitute a useful and effective tool for mapping, monitoring and assessing disasters in areas with similar geodynamic settings and geoenvironmental properties worldwide
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  • 27
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036568157 , 9783036568140
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (246 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Biochemistry
    Abstract: The researchers involved in this reprint will continue their studies to improve the existent dental biomaterials in order to achieve optimal dental treatment with biocompatible, bioactive, and stable properties. As the Guest Editors, we sincerely value and thank the reviewers for their insightful comments and the support of the team at Bioengineering. Finally, we express our gratitude to all contributing authors for their valuable research. Altogether, the 16 research papers/reviews in this Special Issue entitled "Recent Advances in Biomaterials and Dental Disease" reflect the importance of in vitro and in vivo studies for improving the efficacy of using biomaterials in dental treatment
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  • 28
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036566863 , 9783036566870
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (280 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics ; Electricity, electromagnetism & magnetism
    Abstract: A multidisciplinary approach that involves multiple sectors and stakeholders is essential for disaster risk reduction and adaptation to climate change. This Special Issue explores how interdisciplinary approaches could resolve a wide range of issues, including risk and damage assessment, behavior change, investment, and evidence-based policy formulation
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  • 29
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036566382 , 9783036566399
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Geography
    Abstract: Progressive changes in technology also cause changes in the methods used in food research, including microbiological aspects. The cooperation of research centers with industry is also important, as it poses new challenges to science. This reprint is devoted to the latest achievements in analytics, and to the application of new methods in food production technology. We present both original research and review articles focused on recent advanced technology in food science and microbiology, especially modern methods of the production and testing of food as well as the sustainable development of agriculture and the food industry. This topic will cover research on microbiological food ingredients and related topics such as microbial metabolites with application in food and feed as preservatives, texturants, and beneficial microorganisms, and methods to study and modify microbiota
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  • 30
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036566320 , 9783036566337
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (286 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Biochemistry
    Abstract: This reprint is the printed edition of the Special Issue published in Materials. The reprint provides an overview on current international research activities in the field of advanced pulse laser machining technology. It covers fundamental and applied aspects and collects contributions of renowned scientists from academics and industries working in the fields of laser processing, materials science, physics, chemistry, and engineering in order to foster the current knowledge and present new ideas for future applications and new technologies
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  • 31
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036565132 , 9783036565149
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), posing a new challenge to the medical care of solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Due to the relatively small number of studies in SOT recipients suffering from COVID-19, the natural course of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, optimal treatment strategies including modification of immunosuppressive therapy and the prognosis in COVID-19 in these patients is incompletely understood. The current Special Issue aimed to fill some of the knowledge gaps and highlight some recent advances in the management of SOT patients during the pandemic. The call for manuscripts had been addressed to healthcare professionals involved in SOT patient care. We welcomed comprehensive reviews, original studies, interesting case series or case reports and commentaries relating to this topic
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  • 32
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036566252 , 9783036566245
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Chemistry ; Analytical chemistry
    Abstract: Advanced ceramics are referred to in various parts of the world as technical ceramics, high-tech ceramics, and high-performance ceramics. Advanced ceramics have better performances in quality as well as new applications that traditional ones do not have. They have multiple physical and mechanical properties including high hardness, high strength, thermal shock resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature resistance. In view of these characteristics, advanced ceramics are often high value-added products. Developments in advanced ceramics continue at a rapid pace, constituting what can be considered a revolution in the kind of materials and properties obtained.This reprint is intended for material researchers and application developers who seek information on the microstructural design and processing control of advanced ceramics, including piezoelectric ceramics, high-temperature ceramic composites, ceramic coatings, metal glasses, etc
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9783036566184 , 9783036566191
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Geography
    Abstract: Ageing is a diverse and multifaceted experience that is unique to each person. The process of ageing is lived differently according to each individual’s socio-cultural, historical, religious, and political context, among other factors. However, the stereotype of homogeneity is still one of the strongest aspects related to later life. This Special Issue covers manuscripts of original research that critically explore the experience of old age and the process of growing older from the social sciences and humanities perspectives. It also explores the topics pertaining to social gerontology, cultural and literary gerontology, environmental gerontology, gerotechnological studies, social anthropology, gender studies, body politics, sexuality, active and healthy ageing, space and place, age-friendly politics and other themes. The published articles collect arguments that show the variables and uniqueness of later life, and expand on the current theoretical frameworks in the field of age studies and beyond. The overall aim of this Special Issue was to broaden the gerontological scholarship and develop critical thought of old age and the life course beyond the merely biological processes of growing older and their sociocultural constructs. This Special Issue can be of interest to scholars, practitioners, stakeholders, care workers and individuals who are concerned with the dynamics of ageing as well as current and future dialogues on the unique experiences of ageing
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  • 34
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036520940 , 9783036520933
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Fungi-induced stains on paper are one of the most challenging forms of biodeterioration to study and to prevent; this is because they involve living organisms, and the ways in which fungi respond to changes in the environment and modifications of paper are unpredictable. Yet, there is a great desire among those who encounter fungi on documents, manuscripts, or artwork to remove fungi and clean the paper. This experience in most cases is particularly challenging. What are the reasons behind this challenge? This ground-breaking book attempts to answer this question, among others, by exploring the complex interfacial forces between paper, fungi, and their pigmented secretions which result in bio-stains on paper. Black fungi, collectively referred to as Dematiaceous fungi, were used in this study as a subset of pigment-producing fungi species. The focus is on two, under-studied aspects of the fungi infestation of paper, an interface of fungal pigments and paper, and the impact of light on the production of fungi bio-stains. The results of analytical testing included in this book elucidate the synergistic interactions between the environment, biological clocks of the microorganisms, and secretion of fungal pigments to paper. The black fungal pigment formation is explored in-depth in two scenarios: one that is ‘natural’, when the bio-stains of original artworks have occurred over time by chance, and another, induced by Aspergillus niger, in bio-simulation on known papers in a controlled environment. The findings are intended to provide guidance for preservation strategies, mitigating the biodeterioration of paper, and designing conservation treatment when applicable. The surface of artworks and artifacts is of great aesthetic and artistic importance; conversely, it plays a significant role in governing fungal attachments. In this book, the paper surface is characterized in detail and in correlation with chemical and physical alterations caused by fungal pigmentation. A broad range of analytical instruments was used for surface characterization, such as surface metrology profilometers, a confocal laser scanning microscope, and environmental scanning electron microscope; chemical microanalysis was carried out using X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. The novel, three-dimensional characterization of pigmented fungal inclusions and their interaction with paper matrix was studied with micro-X-ray-computed micro-tomography on the synchrotron ESRF. The proposed book is the first to explore the complexity of fungal–paper interactions with the intention to assist professionals working with cultural materials, especially paper-based materials, to make informed decisions when dealing with the fungi infestation of paper
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  • 35
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036568843 , 9783036568850
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (226 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Food & society
    Abstract: Many cancer diagnosis and treatment modalities have been developed over time, among which radioisotopes have been widely used. Recently, with the application of magnetic nanoparticles, a wide range of non-invasive diagnosis and treatment methods using magnetic techniques have attracted attention. This Special Issue introduces a lymph node biopsy method with a magnetic probe for the treatment of cancer, rapid immunostaining using magnetic nanoparticles in pathological diagnosis, cancer imaging with MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)/MPI (magnetic particle imaging), magnetic hyperthermia for cancer treatment, and the development of magnetic nanoparticles
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  • 36
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036566306 , 9783036566313
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (436 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Given the current growth in global challenges, the need for smart agriculture practices and effective strategies is emerging as an imminent issue at a planetary scale. Agriculture 4.0 involves a large variety of mobile apps, web applications, Internet of Things (IoT) devices and platforms, drones, robots, and smart machinery for precision agriculture. The expansion of cloud technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and big data collection are setting the stage for Agriculture 5.0. Agriculture science and natural sciences are further promoting this trend with the development of leading-edge scientific models and platforms, including stochastic, process-based, and data-driven machine learning modeling. This Special Issue covers the most recent and up-to-date progress in all aspects of internet and computer software applications in agriculture, focusing on the development of web applications and mobile apps, smart IoT devices and platforms, AI, ML and DL solutions in precision agriculture for detection, recognition, classification, monitoring, cultivation, harvesting, and marketing; development of cloud technologies for smart agriculture; computer and machine vision methods and applications for drones and smart machinery, and sensors for field operations; diagnostics and data collection; big data science; scientific process-based and stochastic modeling; and machine learning modeling for agriculture, agroecosystems and natural ecosystems. The research in this Special Issue will contribute to the promotion of modern agriculture practices in the current climate and in the future
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  • 37
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036566818 , 9783036566801
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (252 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Botany & plant sciences
    Abstract: This reprint includes a collection of up-to-date articles on epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and Merkel cell carcinoma. It also includes items on the use of artificial intelligence for skin cancer diagnoses as well as the impact of new immunotherapies on patient's quality of life
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  • 38
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036568805 , 9783036568812
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Environmental economics
    Abstract: Plasma technology has arisen as a novel approach in the processing and manufacturing of novel materials in recent years. Due to its benefits, such as its superior sterilizing performance, low cost, and environmental friendliness, atmospheric pressure plasma has drawn the attention of researchers. As a result, atmospheric pressure plasma manufacturing in different configurations (plan parallel and jet plasma) is becoming more popular. The necessity to characterize these types of plasmas has greatly expanded as a result of its wide range of applications. Due to these factors, “Recent Advances in Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Technology” Issue in the journal Applied Physics that brings together experts in all areas of experimental, computational, and theoretical research on atmospheric pressure plasmas. This Special Issue brings together cutting-edge new research on the fundamental characteristics of these plasmas as well as their applications in the fields of medicine, the food industry, agriculture, 3D printing, materials processing science, and even the automotive and aerospace industries. Despite the fact that we were only able to touch on a small percentage of the potential applications for plasma discharge, we nevertheless hope that readers will find this reprint to be interesting and that they will discover new angles for their own future research on plasma
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  • 39
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036566856 , 9783036566849
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (572 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Environmental economics
    Abstract: This Special Issue collected original contributions, both research papers and reviews, showing recent results and/or positive advances in the behavior of new sustainable bio-materials under applied mechanical stress, both in static and dynamic mode, and evaluating the characteristics of resistance, moduli and/or viscoelasticity, in view of potential applications, such as tissue engineering, medical devices, surgical or dental implants, manufacturing of human parts, agriculture, packaging, textiles, electronics, automotive and aerospace, green buildings, and architecture and construction
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9783036568423 , 9783036568430
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Abstract: This reprint focuses on fundamental and applied research involving the combination of biomaterials and cancer cells to develop a three-dimensional (3D) tumor microenvironment in vitro, in which carcinogenesis mechanisms can be studied and therapies can be screened. Such models are becoming quite popular within the bioengineering community; thus, many technologies are being tested to obtain the best scaffold for each tumor. In any case, only a tight interaction of bioengineers with cancer biologists and oncologists can make such 3D models progress, with them finally reaching a clinical relevance. On the other hand, the medical community is approaching simpler 3D in vitro models not provided with sufficient extracellular matrix biomimicry, such as spheroids and organoids, which may not be self-exhaustive; therefore, cancer researchers could benefit from closer contact with bioengineers. The aim of this reprint is to help generate shared knowledge and promote strong interdisciplinary collaboration with the ultimate goal of contributing to the acceleration of the discovery and validation of more precise therapies to fight cancer
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9783036568393 , 9783036568386
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Chemistry ; Organic chemistry
    Abstract: As we know, strokes are one of the world's leading causes of death, and the cruel aspect of a stroke is that it leaves people with severe functional disability and/or cognitive impairment. Strokes have a significant impact on economies worldwide, as it is estimated that about 10% of the male population and 8% of the female population are affected by them. Such people need personal help in their everyday life and must be materially supported by social services. With the advancement of medicine, artificial intelligence, and new technologies have been developing rapidly and are gradually applied in diseases of the nervous system, increasingly helping diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, and prognosis of disease.This Special Issue has collected the 14 papers on artificial intelligence and new technologies in strokes, including in the aspects of diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, rehabilitation, and nursing. We welcome your reading
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  • 42
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036561264 , 9783036566412
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (376 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: This reprint focuses on PLA-based materials and the modification of their properties for biomedical applications. Special emphasis is placed on the supramolecular strategies that lead to unique structures in the micro- or nanoscale. The development and testing of novel biomaterials as drug delivery carriers, implants, or tissue engineering scaffolds are of particular interest. Special attention is given to understanding the structure–properties relationship, since this allows for the development of the most effective biocompatible materials
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  • 43
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036560434 , 9783036560441
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (194 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: The community of biologists has been eager to realize the promise of DNA barcodes since the concept was first proposed in 2003. As we approach twenty years of DNA barcoding, their application continues to increase, and methods continue to be developed that utilize this ever-expanding resource for multiple fields of biology. The nearly ten million DNA barcodes available today provide a database that is especially useful for ecology and evolutionary biology. Thanks to these large and well-curated DNA barcode resources, fundamental biological questions can be more rigorously addressed regarding community evolution, assembly, herbivory, pollination, and species interactions across and among diverse habitats and organisms, including plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms. This reprint illustrates the wide variety of applications of DNA barcodes, especially in plants, to tackle research topics in ecology, evolutionary biology, plant–animal interactions, taxonomy, conservation, and ethnobotany
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9783036564340 , 9783036564357
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (246 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Cardiothoracic and pulmonary diseases are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the lack of access to clinical care, the overburdened medical system, and the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in improving medicine. There are a variety of diseases affecting the cardiopulmonary system including lung cancers, heart disease, tuberculosis (TB), etc., in addition to COVID-19-related diseases. Screening, diagnosis, and management of cardiopulmonary diseases has become difficult owing to the limited availability of diagnostic tools and experts, particularly in resource-limited regions. Early screening, accurate diagnosis and staging of these diseases could play a crucial role in treatment and care, and potentially aid in reducing mortality. Radiographic imaging methods such as computed tomography (CT), chest X-rays (CXRs), and echo ultrasound (US) are widely used in screening and diagnosis. Research on using image-based AI and machine learning (ML) methods can help in rapid assessment, serve as surrogates for expert assessment, and reduce variability in human performance. In this Special Issue, “Artificial Intelligence in Image-Based Screening, Diagnostics, and Clinical Care of Cardiopulmonary Diseases”, we have highlighted exemplary primary research studies and literature reviews focusing on novel AI/ML methods and their application in image-based screening, diagnosis, and clinical management of cardiopulmonary diseases. We hope that these articles will help establish the advancements in AI
    Note: English
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  • 45
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036564586 , 9783036564593
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (316 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Chemistry
    Abstract: This Special Issue reprint is dedicated to presenting open and challenging issues in earthquake engineering. It consists of 29 peer-reviewed papers that cover a broad range of subjects and applications related to the seismic assessment and design of structures. Based on advanced computational, analytical, numerical, and experimental approaches novel results and discussions are presented. Within this context, the first studies of this issue/reprint are focused on providing an insight into the seismic performance of structures taking into account significant engineering components that still have not been fully addressed. Subsequently, there are studies with new strategies to improve the effectiveness of the dampers on the seismic mitigation performance of structures. Concerning performance-based earthquake engineering, new approaches in the seismic fragility assessment of structures are introduced. Furthermore, new innovative types of reinforced steel for the seismic design and assessment of RC structures are analytically and experimentally evaluated. The seismic performance of retrofitted structures is also addressed, while analytical modeling tools that can effectively capture the seismic behavior of substandard RC structural elements are introduced. Some other papers provide experimental results to evaluate and/or validate the structural performance of elements, such as anchors, connectors, and nuclear components. Finally, this issue/reprint also incorporates modified methodologies and identification techniques to improve seismic analysis methods in the field of structural engineering
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  • 46
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036568003 , 9783036568010
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (290 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Abstract: This reprint is mainly aimed at economists involved in the energy market. Energy market processes have an enormous impact on people's day-to-day economic activities. The economics of sustainability leads the way in theorizing how best to prevent environmental degradation whilst also fostering positive economic development. For these reasons, the focus of this reprint is mainly on pollution and the energy transition. Works on energy resources and future-oriented solutions that reduce the consumption of classical energy resources are explored in the reprint. Papers relating to contemporary accounting and the stock market are also presented. The geographical area of the works showcased here essentially covers the entire eastern hemisphere of the globe (Asia, Africa and Europe). They are mainly empirical studies, although in one case a bibliometric analysis is included
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  • 47
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036568324 , 9783036568331
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (406 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Each year, natural hazards, such as earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, tsunamis, floods, wildfires, severe storms, and drought, , affect humans worldwide, resulting in deaths, suffering, and economic losses. According to insurance broker Aon, 2010–2019 was the worst decade on record for economic losses due to disasters triggered by natural hazards, amounting to USD 3 trillion, which is USD 1 trillion more than for the period of 2000–2009. In 2019, the economic losses from disasters caused by natural hazards were estimated at over USD 200 billion (UNDRR Annual Report, 2019). In this context, remote sensing shows high potential to provide valuable information, at various spatial and temporal scales, concerning natural processes and their associated risks. The recent advances in remote sensing technologies and analysis, in terms of sensors, platforms, and techniques, are strongly contributing to the development of natural hazards research. With this Special Issue titled “Remote Sensing for Natural Hazards Assessment and Control”, we proposed state-of-the-art research that specifically addresses multiple aspects on the use of remote sensing (RS) for Natural Hazards (NH). The aim was therefore to collect innovative methodologies, expertise, and capabilities to detect, assess, monitor, and model natural hazards. The present Special Issue of Remote Sensing encompasses 18 open access papers presenting scientific studies based on the exploitation of a broad range of RS data and techniques, as well as focusing on a well-assorted sample of NH types
    Note: English
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9783036566795 , 9783036566788
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (252 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Ecological science, the Biosphere
    Abstract: This Special Issue on MNEs, sustainability, and innovation contains a collection of 13 papers that address several subjects that are on related themes. The authors of these contributions study the boundaries of the previous literature on these relevant topics by providing insightful findings and review, as well as proposals for future research ideas in various contexts. For this Special Issue, we invited both conceptual and (qualitative and quantitative) empirical articles, as well as literature reviews and meta-analysis articles from a range of fields; these included not only business and management, but also sociology, political science, psychology, economics, and economic geography, among others
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9783036564227 , 9783036564234
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: International experts contribute to Fractional- and Integer-Order System: Control Theory and Applications, providing an authoritative overview of the most recent developments in control theory as well as practical examples of fractional- and integer-order systems. Generously referenced and illustrated, the reprint highlights the growing interest in control science and is an invaluable resource for applied and industrial mathematicians, biological, control, electrical and electronics engineers and scientists
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  • 50
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036567198 , 9783036567181
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (226 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Microgrids deliver efficient, low-cost, and clean energy while improving regional electric grid operation and stability. They further provide exceptional dynamic responsiveness for energy resources. A global portfolio of operations centered on the development and deployment of microgrids to increase grid dependability and resilience would therefore assist communities in better preparing for future weather catastrophes and keep the world moving toward a sustainable energy future. Solar photovoltaic systems are seen as a promising renewable resource, and their application in microgrids has grown rapidly in recent years
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9783036564739 , 9783036564746
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning
    Abstract: Blockchain applications in different industries are booming, yet there are many unresolved challenges with the mass adoption of the technology. This reprint is an attempt to review some of the applications in different industries and propose solutions to some of the critical challenges in technology adoption
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  • 52
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036567969 , 9783036567976
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This Special Issue aims to cover the recent research results being developed, both theoretically and experimentally, on the laboratory, pilot, and industrial scale about thermal processes in power plants. This reprint focuses on thermal and flow processes and their impact on highly efficient and low-emission electricity generation and heat production in thermal power plants. Special attention is given to steam condensers and separators for application in thermal power plants, development systems and tools for heat production forecasting in combined heat and power plants, presenting such ideas as the negative CO2 emission gas power plant cycle and production of gas fuels by sewage sludge gasification as well as about methods and techniques for CO2 capture. The research investigation results can find implementation in real-scale power technologies such as steam power plants, gas power plants, nuclear power plants, and hybrid power plants based on renewable energy sources
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  • 53
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036566689 , 9783036566696
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Abstract: The reprint provides an overview of recent applications of both chemometrics and spectrometric techniques to target current issues associated with food authenticity, traceability, as well as modern approaches on the analysis of food ingredients and products
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9783036530260 , 9783036530277
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This reprint includes impactful chapters related to document-image related visual sensing, which do present and comprehensively discuss selected scientific concepts, frameworks, architectures and ideas on sensing technologies and machine-learning techniques. Indeed, document imaging/scanning approaches are essential techniques for digitalizing documents in various real-world contexts. This reprint emerging from the Special Issue "Document-Image Related Visual Sensors and Machine Learning Techniques” can be viewed as a result of the crucial need for document management systems. Such technologies are being applied in various fields or different domains and parts of the world to address relevant challenges that could not be addressed without the advances made in these technologies. The reprint includes impactful chapters that present scientific concepts, frameworks, architectures and innovative ideas on sensing technologies and machine-learning techniques to overcome a series of key challenges related to document imaging/scanning, text detection, text recognition, and documents clustering
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  • 55
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036565439 , 9783036565422
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (256 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Fisheries & related industries
    Abstract: Composites can be engineered to exhibit high strength, high stiffness, and high toughness. Composite structures have increasingly been used in various engineering applications. In recent decades, most fundamentals of science have expanded in length by many orders of magnitude. Nowadays, one of the primary goals of science and technology seems to be to develop reliable methods for linking the physical phenomena that occur over multiple length scales, particularly from a nano-/microscale to a macroscale. To engineer composites for high performance and to design advanced structures, the relationship between material nano-/microstructures and their macroscopic properties must be established to accurately predict their mechanical performance and failure. Multiscale simulation is a tool that enables studying and comprehending complex systems and phenomena that would otherwise be too expensive or dangerous, or even impossible, to study by direct experimentation and, thus, to achieve this goal.This reprint assembles high-quality chapters that advance the field of the multiscale simulation of composite structures, through the application of any modern computational and/or analytical methods alone or in conjunction with experimental techniques, for damage assessment or mechanical analysis and prediction
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  • 56
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036564975 , 9783036564982
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (172 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Ecological science, the Biosphere
    Abstract: This issue contains contributions in different cutting edge topics within the field of open quantum systems. The theoretical work presented is focused, in particular, on quantum thermodynamics and quantum non-Markovianity and provides a window into current research in these fields. Different perspectives are considered that share a common root in the exploitation of open quantum systems and quantum information tools
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9783036566764 , 9783036566771
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (262 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: The reprint “Sustainable Healthy Working Life for All Ages—Work Environment, Age Management and Employability” provide an outlet of research contributing to the development of theoretical and practical knowledge influencing people’s working life. Working life is complex and there are many different factors that influence, such as the demographic change, pandemic and rapid technological development, etc., which place constantly changing demands on both employees, organizations/companies and society in different countries. This reprint covers new knowledge, as identified factors and areas that affect employees' ability to work to an older age, interventions and measures that enable a healthy and sustainable working life throughout the entire working life journey, from young to senior employees. The reprint also addresses the pressured work situation of school leaders in managing the education of children and young people in society, and what makes them stay or leave their jobs. In addition, the reprint addresses the way in which the Covid-19 pandemic has affected working life, not least for the health care professional groups and organizations
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  • 58
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036568263 , 9783036568270
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (246 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Microbiology (non-medical)
    Abstract: It is crucial that scientists and engineers develop their expertise and capability through research and practice to quantify the interaction of infrastructure with the surroundings and the ground upon which they are founded. Therefore, the engineering concept ‘soil–structure interaction’ forms an integral part of delivering successful project outcomes. As the Lead and Honorary Editor for this Special Issue, Soil–Structure Interaction, I cordially invited the submission of esteemed articles related to recent projects, research, or case studies. These articles detail how geosciences (soil, rock, ground water, geochemistry, geology, hydrogeology, surface run-off, rain, wind, and temperature) directly interact with and impact the performance of human-made structures, buildings, or infrastructure through the following aspects: i) Underground construction; ii) Innovative ground improvement methods; iii) Geological explorations and interpretation; iv) Instrumentation and field observational method; v) Use of artificial intelligence or algorithms; vi) Forensic engineering or inverse-analysis methods; vii) Geophysical methods for soil or rock characterization; viii) Advancement in laboratory and field testing of geomaterials; ix) Advancement in numerical analysis; x) Advancement in multi-disciplinary design theories, codes of practice, and engineering education
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  • 59
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036567907 , 9783036567914
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science ; Probability & statistics
    Abstract: Sex and gender can affect the incidence, prevalence, symptoms, course and response to drug therapy in many illnesses, with sex (the biological side) and gender (the social‒cultural one) being variously interconnected. During the two days of the meeting "Gender Differences in Diabetic Disease" held in Olbia, Italy, on 4 and 5 December 2020, we discussed the various medical, social, ethnic, psychological and anthropological aspects of gender differences to build as broad a picture as possible of how these differences are present and evident in diabetic disease. Type 2 diabetes is the perfect example to justify gender medicine. During the meeting, we also tried to identify the still-unclear points that deserve further studies. This book describes several aspects of gender medicine that are related to diabetes. Physiopathology, drug treatment, sexual and psychological aspects, diabetes complication, migration, burden of working with a chronic disease and aspects related to COVID-19 infection are explored in a gender differentiation way. The authors are from different fields: medical doctors, biologist, psychologist, nurse, pharmacist, anthropologist and so on
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  • 60
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036568652 , 9783036568645
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: Metal 3D printing, as an advanced forming, can manufacture parts directly from digital model by using layer by layer material build-up approach. This manufacturing method can prepare complex shape metal parts in short time, with and high precision. Three-dimensional printing processes can be classified into two major groups: Powder Bed Fusion-based technologies and Directed Energy Deposition. Three-dimensional printing features freedom of part complexity, part design, and light-weighting for aerospace, automobile, and other industries application. The Global Metal 3D Printing Market is mainly driven by the the fast developing of aerospace and automobile industry. The Global Metal 3D Printing Market size was valued at USD 534.18 Million in 2020 and is projected to reach USD 4458.76 Million by 2028, growing at a CAGR of 30.38% from 2021 to 2028
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  • 61
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036567334 , 9783036567327
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (266 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Unlike transistors, the continuous downscaling of feature size in CMOS technology leads to a dramatic rise in interconnect resistivity and concomitant performance degradation. At nanoscale technology nodes, interconnect delay and reliability become the major bottlenecks faced by modern integrated circuits. To resolve these interconnect problems, various emerging technologies, including airgap, nanocarbon, optical, and through-silicon via (TSV), have been proposed and investigated. For example, by virtue of TSV technology, dies can be stacked to increase the integration density. More importantly, 3D integration and packaging also offer the most promising platform to implement "More-than-Moore" technologies, providing heterogeneous materials and technologies on a single chip. The "Advanced Interconnect and Packaging" Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers on new developments in advanced interconnect and packaging, i.e., on the design, modeling, fabrication, and reliability assessment of emerging interconnect and packaging technologies. Additionally, there are two interesting papers on carbon nanotube interconnects and interconnect reliability issues
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9783036567211 , 9783036567204
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (244 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Biochemistry
    Abstract: The reprint provides the most relevant and state-of-the-art in the field, including recent developments in the production of natural compounds from various bioresources, and their formulations as bioactives. This reprint also covered the engineered approaches for enhanced biological properties and their potential applications. Identification of novel compounds and bioprocess tools to improve the quantity and quality of bioactive compounds and their formulations are exclusively covered in this reprint
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  • 63
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036565521 , 9783036565538
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics ; Optical physics
    Abstract: This reprint is focuses on how recent urbanization processes modifies the organization and management of the land uses at integrated rural areas in peri-urban and intra-metropolitan areas at local, national, and global levels. The Guest Editors expect that this reprint could serve to provide some answers regarding the impacts of urbanization on rural areas
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9783036568751 , 9783036568744
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (162 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Abstract: Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) has been reported to have a lot of physiological and pharmacological functions in various tissues, cells, and organelles in many species since discovered in the gall bladder of bovine in 1827, and its novel functions and roles have now been focused in many fields. This Special Issue consisted of eight original and two review articles contains the newest findings on the roles of taurine as an essential nutrient for development and growth in fetuses and infants, and functional maintenance in the brain, skeletal muscles, and others in adults, in mammalian, chicken, and fish
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  • 65
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036565378 , 9783036565385
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (516 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Geography
    Abstract: Membrane proteins are essential for the diverse biological functions of the cells and intercellular communication in living organisms. With the recent developments in the methodologies, the research on membrane proteins has been undergoing a major transformation. In this informative book, the biological and dynamic behaviour of membrane proteins are introduced, discussed, and reviewed by some of the leading researchers in the field. The main objective of this compendium is to present the recent research in the fundamental and advanced concepts and methodologies used for studying membrane proteins. Membrane protein purification and reconstitution, protein–lipid interaction, ion/substrate transport, conformational and functional dynamics, the interaction of infectious agents, cell death, and organelle morphology are among the topics that are covered. This reprint is intended for a broad range of novice and experienced scientists with different levels of experience, from biophysicists and biochemists to microbiologists, cell biologists, and physiologists
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  • 66
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036564364 , 9783036564371
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (236 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders and is characterized by recurrent seizures resulting from abnormal neuronal excitability in the central nervous system. Despite the availability of thirty-six antiseizure medications, about one-third of patients with epilepsy do not respond to the pharmacological treatment and develop a so-called “pharmaco-resistant epilepsy” or “refractory epilepsy.” Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel, effective therapies based on novel mechanisms underlying neuronal excitability that leads to seizures. This reprint’s original research papers and review articles highlight unknown mechanisms underlying pharmaco-resistant resistant epilepsy, epileptogenesis, and seizure suppression
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9783036512600 , 9783036512617
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (270 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Geography
    Abstract: Transportation, logistics, and supply chain systems and networks constitute one of the pillars of modern economies and societies. From sustainable traffic management in smart cities or air transportation to green and socially responsible logistics practices, many enterprises and governments around the world have to make decisions that affect the efficiency of these complex systems. Typically, optimization algorithms are employed to deal with these challenges, and simulation approaches are utilized when considering scenarios under uncertainty. However, better results might be achieved by hybridizing both optimization algorithms with simulation techniques to deal with real-life transportation, logistics, and SCM challenges, which often are large-scale and NP-hard problems under uncertainty conditions. Hence, simheuristic algorithms (combining metaheuristics with simulation) as well as other simulation optimization approaches constitute an effective way to support decision makers in such complex scenarios. This reprint presents a collection of selected articles on simulation optimization in transportation, logistics, and supply chain management. The reprint is strongly connected to the topics covered in the Winter Simulation Conference (WSC) track on logistics, transportation, and SCM, which includes a stream in simheuristic algorithms as well
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9783036565255 , 9783036565262
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: This reprint discusses advancements in forest research using Earth Observation datasets. Forests, which occupy about one-third of the terrestrial surface of Earth, play an indispensable role in monitoring global climate change and ecosystem dynamics. The health of forests has been affected in recent years by various stress factors, such as forest fragmentation and deforestation, biodiversity loss, climate change, invasive species, drought, and unsustainable management. This reprint focuses on the evaluation of different techniques for the retrieval of different biophysical/biochemical parameters using available Earth Observation data. The following topics have been covered in this reprint: Mangrove forest carbon assessment using EO data; Phenological ,etrics of plant species using NDVI time series data; fPAR for diversity relation; Forest/canopy height retrieval using Pol-InSAR modeling; Dominant species discrimination using LiDAR data; Biophysical parameters estimation of young oil palm using UAV
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9783036565330 , 9783036565347
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (244 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Microbiology (non-medical)
    Abstract: Considering the worldwide problem of aquatic pollution, we proposed this reprint, which presents a collection of articles on different aspects of environmental pollution, from monitoring to the evaluation of toxicity. In particular, the volume concerns the issues specifically related to emerging contaminants in aquatic environments, such as plastics and pharmaceuticals. However, to confer to this volume a more holistic view, some articles on priority pollutants, such as heavy metals and pesticides, are also reported
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  • 70
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036566498 , 9783036566481
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (490 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: Liquid biopsy shows promise for cancer screening and diagnostics. This reprint collects recent scientific literature on the identification and application of tumor biomarkers in biological fluids to improve the diagnosis of cancer and the identification of optimal therapeutic strategies
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  • 71
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036565927 , 9783036565934
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (338 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: The eradication of vector-borne diseases is threatened by the limited range of available insecticides, leading, inevitably, to the development of resistance. This is particularly concerning for malaria control, which relies heavily on insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual sprays (IRS). New chemistries are being developed, and innovative deployment of insecticides may play a role in overcoming resistance, either through new types of tools or new means of distribution. A variety of novel product types and vector control strategies are under development and evaluation, which is to be celebrated, but a strong evidence base is needed to guide effective operational deployment decisions. Novel approaches should be supported by robust data collected using appropriate and validated methods to monitor efficacy, durability, and any emerging resistance. This reprint presents original research into developing and characterizing new vector control products, as well as understanding and monitoring insecticide resistance. Review articles explore the impact of insecticide resistance and offer guidance on insecticide choice in the face of pyrethroid resistance. Consensus methodologies are presented, in the form of standard operating procedures (SOPs) designed to be adopted and used to generate reproducible data that can be compared and interpreted across and between studies. It is hoped that this collection of articles offers inspiration and guidance on how consistent data can be generated to inform more effective development, evaluation, and use of new and existing vector control tools
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  • 72
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036565965 , 9783036565972
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (280 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Chemistry
    Abstract: This reprint, entitled “Process Control and Smart Manufacturing for Industry 4.0”, contains the extended papers from the Series of annual IFSA conferences on Automation, Robotics and Communications for Industry 4.0/5.0 (ARCI) on the following topics: Process Automation, Process Control and Monitoring, Design Principles in Industry 4.0, Smart Manufacturing and Technologies, Smart Factories, Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Manufacturing. The reprint contains 13 chapters written by 54 ARCI conference participants from seven countries: China, Croatia, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Poland and Romania. This reprint will inform readers of cutting-edge developments in the field and provide effective starting points and a road map for further research and development. All chapters follow the same structure: firstly, an introduction to the specific topic under study; secondly, a description of the field, including sensing or/and measuring applications. Each chapter ends with a curated list of references, including books, journals, conference proceedings and websites. “Process Control and Smart Manufacturing for Industry 4.0” is intended for researchers and scientists from academia and industry, as well as for postgraduate students
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9783036564777 , 9783036564784
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Abstract: Over the last 50 years, people’s lives and health have been increasingly defined and influenced across the life course and across levels of influence by different processes of medicalization and social control. Although medicalization is not a new concept, new actors, in addition to medical professionals and patients, and new phenomena, such as consumerism and human enhancement, influence the processes of the transformation of human conditions into medical problems today. This reprint integrates several articles that stimulate reflexivity on the use of the concept of medicalization. The articles selected for this reprint, written by research experts in their topic of interest, contribute to the discussion on the wide variety of ethical issues that arise from medicalization processes in areas ranging from medical research conduct to reproductive health. The reader will find a fertile space for theoretical and empirical reflection, where several social science researchers with different backgrounds share their research rigorously and innovatively
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  • 74
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036568676 , 9783036568669
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (234 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Zoology & animal sciences
    Abstract: This Special Issue of the journal Axioms collects submissions in which the authors report their perceptions and results in the field of mathematical physics and/or physical mathematics without any preconditions of the specific research topic. The papers are intended to provide the reader with a broad window into the status of the research field showing our understanding of how a known concept changes our thinking in that area of science. The papers in the Special Issue highlight the current two issues in physics and mathematics under hot debate: fractional calculus and entropy
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9783036575841 , 9783036575858
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This reprint focuses on monitoring and analysis of the relationship between urbanization and ecosystem services on the different scales. The use of innovative technologies for land cover change monitoring, ecosystem services modeling and mapping, innovation in land use planning, and which highlight the potential of technologies to tackle challenges such as sustainability of urbanization, climate change adaptation, sustainable land management, and food security are of particular interest
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  • 76
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036583679 , 9783036583662
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (202 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This volume presents eleven original and experimental research studies and review works on current challenges and trends in magnetic materials, thin films, and nanostructures, with a special focus on the design, synthesis, and characterization of various types of magnetic materials, and the study of their structure–property relationships. The developments in new experimental concepts and their state-of-the-art results, which can lead to the transfer, chemical transformation, and high-resolution patterning of advanced thin films and nanomaterials and to the design and fabrication of devices, are also presented and discussed
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  • 77
    ISBN: 9783036583488 , 9783036583495
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: This reprint represents a collection of 12 scientific papers belonging to the Special Issue in International Journal of Molecular Sciences titled “Natural and Synthetic Compounds for Management, Prevention and Treatment of Obesity, 2nd Edition". Obesity is a serious global health problem with a high incidence of mortality and morbidity. Many drivers have been identified for its etiopathogenesis, such as excessive food intake, reduced physical activity and genetic predisposition. Adipose tissue is considered an endocrine organ producing multiple immune-modulatory proteins, known as adipokines with a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory nature. An unbalanced production of adipokines with a pro-inflammatory role in adipose tissue induces low-grade systemic inflammation in obese patients, which predisposes them to insulin resistance, type II diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer. Nowadays, there has been a growing interest in finding novel target compounds, both natural and synthetic, with potential action against obesity. This reprint explores the mechanisms underlying the etiopathogenesis of obesity and related diseases and aims to identify new therapeutic strategy. In particular, the reprint focuses on the role of natural and synthetic compounds for the Management, Prevention and Treatment of Obesity. We thank all the authors for their contribution to the research topic of this reprint and all editorial staff for its valuable support
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  • 78
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036582313 , 9783036582306
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (260 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Chemistry ; Analytical chemistry
    Abstract: Today, spectrometric and spectroscopic techniques are the gold standard for studying food quality and safety. They are ideal and versatile tools in the evaluation of functional components, such as proteins and lipids, as well as key components related to food safety, such as pesticide residues, pollutants, authentication, and illicit adulterants. Spectrometry and spectroscopy are also the cornerstone of many modern biochemical techniques, such as proteomics and metabolomics. This Special Issue, entitled "Recent Advances of Spectrometric and Spectroscopic Techniques in Food Quality and Safety" introduced explorations and advancements in food quality and safety and prospects for future application trends related to spectrometry and spectroscopy
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  • 79
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036580227 , 9783036580234
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (420 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: Applied computing and artificial intelligence methods have attracted a growing interest in recent years due to their effectiveness at solving technical problems. Recent developments in applied mathematics have largely led to benefits for industrial tasks in different fields, including the aerospace industry, manufacturing, transportation, energy, robotics, materials, informatics, etc. The objective of this Special Issue is to present advanced methods in applied computing and artificial intelligence to address the practical challenges in the related areas. The response of the scientific community has been remarkable, and a large number of papers have been submitted. After a careful peer-review process, 22 high-quality papers have been accepted and published. It is hoped that the papers will have an impact on international scholars in this field and promote further remarkable research in this area
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  • 80
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036576909 , 9783036576916
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Biochemistry
    Abstract: Antibodies are key reagents in diagnostics and experimental biology, capable of detecting numerous antigenic targets. Proteins are often in focus and are usually effective targets for antibody production. Occasionally, however, the native protein is known but not available, or a very specific target is required. In these cases, synthetic peptides, copying essential sequences from the target, are good alternatives for antibody production. Peptide antibodies have been used in diagnostics and experimental biology with great success, especially because they can be produced to multiple targets, for example, native and denatured targets. Traditional peptide antibody proteins encompass animal-based immunization with a synthetic peptide, usually conjugated to a carrier protein to enhance immune presentation, as small peptides tend not to be immunogenic by themselves. There are several strategies for the conjugation of peptides to carriers applied for immunization. This is the most used approach for peptide antibody production. In addition to traditional peptide antibody production, peptide antibodies can be produced using libraries or sequencing. This Special Issue, “Design, Production and Characterization of Peptide Antibodies”, aims to describe the current state-of-the-art techniques and characterization/applications within the field as well as new and emerging uses of peptide antibodies
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  • 81
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036580821 , 9783036580838
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Environmental economics
    Abstract: This reprint focuses on the theme of agricultural landscape stability and sustainable land management, including the ecosystem service values of agricultural landscapes, the development of multifunctional agricultural landscapes, protection of agricultural landscapes, reform of rural land ownership, comprehensive rural development, and remote sensing monitoring of agricultural landscapes
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  • 82
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036582146 , 9783036582153
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (344 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Physics
    Abstract: This Special Issue is a complimentary work of over 70 scholars from various countries, including Poland, Ukraine, and the Czech Republic. The issues analyzed in the 16 articles primarily focus on energy generation in rural areas, particularly in the agricultural sector. They examine specific crops or livestock production and range from case studies of individual countries to the level of the European Union. Published works collectively review the economic and environmental issues of energy generation. These include the potential of agricultural production to serve as a resource for bio-energy generation, the economic and energy efficiency of farms and rural residential housing, and the impact of agricultural production on greenhouse gas emissions. They also explore the possibility for farms to achieve energy self-sufficiency, as well as the progress and gaps in the development of renewable energy generation
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  • 83
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036571447 , 9783036571454
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Abstract: The delivery of genome sequences for most livestock species over the past 10–15 years has generated the potential to revolutionise livestock production globally, by providing farmers with the ability to match individual animals to rapidly changing climates, production systems and markets. Initially, technologies such as marker-assisted selection, functional genomics, gene expression, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics were hailed as technologies with the greatest promise of delivering on that potential. To date, however, their potential for the delivery of practical solutions for livestock farmers is still to be realised, though they do provide supportive evidence of value to other approaches. Gene editing using tools such as CRISPR-Cas9 also show strong promise, but face regulatory hurdles before practical applications can be delivered for use by farmers. The technology that has had the greatest impact to date is genomic selection. This year marks 20 years since genomic selection was developed by Meuwissen, Hayes and Goddard (Genetics, 2001, 157: 1819-1829) and genomic selection has been successfully applied in livestock, plants and even human health applications. However, genomic selection also faces ongoing limitations around lack of essential phenotypes, particularly for expensive or difficult-to-measure traits and possibly the need for faster/greater computational capacity. It is therefore timely to examine the impact of genomic technologies generally, and to identify successes and limitations that need to be overcome in order to achieve practical applications for livestock producers in future
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  • 84
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036561219 , 9783036561226
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (318 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) is an incurable connective tissue disease with an unclear etiology characterized by vasculopathy, dysregulation of the immune response, and progressive tissue fibrosis affecting the skin, lungs, digestive tract, heart, and kidneys. The collection of six original research manuscripts and five review articles included in this book highlights the most recent advances in this field and provides further elucidation of the pathogenesis, natural disease course, and treatment of this challenging disease
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9783036562759 , 9783036562766
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Ecological science, the Biosphere
    Abstract: This reprint focuses on the theoretical principles and practical adoption of remote sensing approaches and datasets in understanding the nexus between urbanization, natural landscapes, urban micro-climate, climate change and Urban Heat Islands. Urbanization, characterized by natural landscape transformation, influences thermodynamics, surface energy and micro- and macro climate perturbations. These changes result in environmental deterioration that in turn adversely affects bio-physical processes and quality of urban life. A major consequence of urbanization is the Urban Heat Island (UHI). It is anticipated that the increased UHIs, in concert with the increasing anthropogenic activities, will further increase the vulnerability of urban landscapes to climate-related disasters such as floods and heatwaves. Recent advances in optical and thermal remotely sensed datasets offer great potential in understanding the relationship between urban bio-physical characteristics and UHIs. Hence, this reprint provides a basis for understanding urban ecological and thermal patterns, which is critical for the management of urban physical, ecological and social processes within a remotely sensed data framework. This reprint should be of interest to both specialists and generalists interested in, among other fields, urban planning, ecological conservation, the urban micro-climate, and climate change
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  • 86
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036561172 , 9783036561189
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (214 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Food & society
    Abstract: The global coronavirus pandemic has highlighted the paramount importance of immune health and the nutrient status of peoples worldwide. Vitamins C and D have important roles in both the innate and adaptive immune systems and are known to support healthy immune function. Both vitamins C and D have gene regulatory roles with the ability to up- and down-regulate thousands of genes, thus playing pleotropic roles in human health and disease. People from low- and middle-income countries tend to have inadequate micronutrient intakes and status, as do specific subgroups from high-income countries. This can affect their resistance to both communicable and non-communicable diseases and the severity of these diseases. In this Special Issue, we have compiled review articles and research papers (both observational and interventional studies) that explore the role of vitamins C and D in numerous aspects of global and population health
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  • 87
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036564548 , 9783036564555
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Chemistry
    Abstract: This reprint focuses on different techniques and strategies to obtain high-quality crystalline structures of biological macromolecules via X-ray diffraction and synchrotron radiation. Contributions cover various aspects ranging from the fundamentals of crystal growth of biomolecules with biomedical applications and materials science through to the biotechnological applications of crystals
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  • 88
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036559841 , 9783036559834
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (276 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Environmental economics
    Abstract: Throughout their life cycles—from production, usage, through to disposal—materials and products interact with the environment (water, soil, and air). At the same time, they are exposed to environmental influences and, through their emissions, have an impact on the environment, people, and health. Accelerated experimental testing processes can be used to predict the long-term environmental consequences of innovative products before these actually enter the environment. We are living in a material world. Building materials, geosynthetics, wooden toys, soil, nanomaterials, composites, wastes and more are research subjects examined by the authors of this book. The interactions of materials with the environment are manifold. Therefore, it is important to assess the environmental impact of these interactions. Some answers to how this task can be achieved are given in this Special Issue
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  • 89
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036558714 , 9783036558721
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Chemistry
    Abstract: This reprint reviews a crop pest management use for several essential oils and the properties of an excellent lemon (citral) source. Research is reported on the biological properties of enhanced lemon oil along with the human intake of citrus beverages and the less common medicinal mastiha oil. Oils and hydrolates of rosemary and lavender were analyzed by headspace/GC-MS to better define their antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities, and yeast particle encapsulation was investigated for the controlled release of bioactive terpenes
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  • 90
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036561288 , 9783036561271
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Food & society
    Abstract: This reprint describes the polyphenolic composition of wine and beer, with a special emphasis on extractive and analytical aspects. Furthermore, the effects of wine and beer polyphenols on human health are studied in the depth
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  • 91
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036559667 , 9783036559650
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (244 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: The primary objective of this book is to provide the current status of and new data on the molecular mechanisms affecting the efficacy of somatic cell cloning, but also insightful interpretations of the topical and coming trends in the exploration of genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic and proteomic profiles for nuclear donor cells, nuclear recipient oocytes and SCNT-derived embryos. Comprehensively deciphering the crucial molecular scenarios responsible for inter-genomic, inter-epigenomic, inter-transcriptomic and inter-proteomic communication within the framework of the aforementioned scenarios might be a milestone giving rise to the enhancements in the extra- and intracorporeal epigenetic reprogrammabilities of donor cell nuclei in nuclear-transferred oocytes, embryos, conceptuses and neonates. In turn, this might allow us to use SCNT-mediated ARTs in such research fields as biotechnology, transgenics, medicine, and biopharmacology, as well as scientific efforts targeted at designing the in vitro and in vivo models of molecular and epigenomic landscapes specific for inheritable and acquired disorders in humans and other mammalian species
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  • 92
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036559360 , 9783036559353
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (250 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: Mathematical fuzzy logic (MFL) specifically targets many-valued logic and has significantly contributed to the logical foundations of fuzzy set theory (FST). It explores the computational and philosophical rationale behind the uncertainty due to imprecision in the backdrop of traditional mathematical logic. Since uncertainty is present in almost every real-world application, it is essential to develop novel approaches and tools for efficient processing. This book is the collection of the publications in the Special Issue “Mathematical Fuzzy Logic in the Emerging Fields of Engineering, Finance, and Computer Sciences”, which aims to cover theoretical and practical aspects of MFL and FST. Specifically, this book addresses several problems, such as:- Industrial optimization problems- Multi-criteria decision-making- Financial forecasting problems- Image processing- Educational data mining- Explainable artificial intelligence, etc
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  • 93
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036561745 , 9783036561738
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (252 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Micromixers are an important component in micrototal analysis systems and lab-on-a-chip platforms which are widely used for sample preparation and analysis, drug delivery, and biological and chemical synthesis. The Special Issue "Analysis, Design and Fabrication of Micromixers II" published in Micromachines covers new mechanisms, numerical and/or experimental mixing analysis, design, and fabrication of various micromixers. This reprint includes an editorial, two review papers, and eleven research papers reporting on five active and six passive micromixers. Three of the active micromixers have electrokinetic driving force, but the other two are activated by mechanical mechanism and acoustic streaming. Three studies employs non-Newtonian working fluids, one of which deals with nano-non-Newtonian fluids. Most of the cases investigated micromixer design
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  • 94
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036570853 , 9783036570846
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: The prostate is the largest accessory gland of the male reproductive tract. Together with seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands, the prostate is responsible for the production of an alkaline fluid that forms part of the seminal fluid. The prostates of men over 40 years of age are commonly affected by several pathologies, such as benign prostate hyperplasia and cancer. Prostate cancer is one of the most frequently occurring cancers among men population worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in the year 2018, prostate cancer affected approximately 1.28 million men and was responsible for the death of 358,989 of them. Prostate cancer development is associated with several risk factors, such as older age, black ethnicity, a family history of disease, an increased body mass index and obesity. In this way, the risk of prostate cancer development may be reduced through the consumption of a healthy diet full of fruits and vegetables, practice of physical exercise and maintenance of a healthy weight.Despite several approaches being available for prostate cancer treatment, the number of prostate cancer deaths is continuously increasing, which emphasizes the need to search for new methods for precocious diagnosis and more effective treatment. Animal models, including rodents, have greatly contributed to the study of biopathology and the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer.This Special Issue presents original research works, case reports and reviews concerning the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of prostate cancer, highlighting new advances in this field
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  • 95
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    ISBN: 9783036570471 , 9783036570464
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (198 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Chemistry ; Analytical chemistry
    Abstract: Bioanalysis of endogenous substances, metabolites, and contaminants poisons is important in analyses of biological functions, metabolomics, forensic toxicology, patient diagnosis and biomonitoring of human exposure to hazardous chemicals. In these analyses, methods of sample preparation are essential for the isolation and concentration of target analytes from complex biological matrices. These processes, however, are time-consuming, labor-intensive and error-prone, and markedly influence the reliability and accuracy of determining target analytes. Thus, efficient sample preparation techniques and their integration with analytical methods have become significant. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a simple and convenient sample preparation technique that has enabled automation, miniaturization, high-throughput performance, and online coupling with analytical instruments. Moreover, SPME has reduced analysis times, as well as solvent and disposal costs.This reprint consists of 14 original, peer-reviewed papers for the Special Issue in the MDPI journal Molecules. The topics covered include headspace fiber SPME (HS-SPME) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), HS-in-needle microextraction GC-MS, thin film SPME liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), magnetic solid phase extraction LC-MS/MS, in-tube SPME LC-MS/MS and in-tube SPME LC-UV. Samples analyzed include plant-derived volatile organic compounds; body odor; metabolites in urine, plasma and saliva sample; and biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure in hair and environmental estrogens
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  • 96
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036568904 , 9783036568911
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (260 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: The development of mathematical models and their optimization are fundamental for the effective resolution of many problems in operational research. In recent years, increased insights into real-world problems have led to the development of new mathematical models and optimization algorithms, contributing to the development of a research area with increasing practical relevance. This Special Issue is dedicated to works at the interface of mathematical modeling, optimization, and operations research, with a special focus on their real-world applications. The interest of the scientific community was significant, with submissions from authors from different countries from five continents, including Australia, China, Egypt, India, Israel, Portugal, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and the United States of America. Ten papers were accepted for publication after thorough peer review by dedicated reviewers with expertise in the relevant fields. We are confident that the papers selected for this Special Issue will attract a significant audience in the scientific community and will further stimulate research involving the development of mathematical models and their optimization
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  • 97
    ISBN: 9783036568164 , 9783036568171
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (330 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning
    Abstract: This reprint "The November 23rd, 1980 Irpinia-Lucania, Southern Italy Earthquake: Insights and Reviews 40 Years Later” presents a collection of 13 scientific contributions proposed by 44 researchers with different expertise and multidisciplinary approach highlighting the most important aspects of the Irpinia-Lucania earthquake (Ms 6.9, Io X MCS) from a seismological and geological point of view, without neglecting the reconstruction of cultural heritage, the resilience of the population, and the socioeconomic development of the internal areas of the Southern Apennines after the earthquake. The 1980 earthquake struck Irpinia-Lucania region (Southern Italy) and it is remembered in Italy not only for being the strongest earthquake recorded in the last 100 years causing devastation of entire regions and severe loss of human life, but also for the destruction of the cultural heritage in the epicentral area. This volume, far from being exhaustive, nevertheless wants to be an important point of reference for the new generations of researchers who will have both a historical and multidisciplinary approach to the knowledge of this earthquake
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  • 98
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    ISBN: 9783036568881 , 9783036568898
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Pharmacology ; Research & information: general ; Chemistry
    Abstract: The Special Issue reprint covers a wide range of applications of 3D-printing in dentistry. Five out of eleven research papers deal with applications of 3D printing in orthodontics, one study presents a 3D-printed fitting system for the FFP2 that were applied during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the others address applications in prosthodontics and restorative dentistry
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  • 99
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    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    ISBN: 9783036569475 , 9783036569468
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (194 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Environmental economics
    Abstract: This Special Issue showcases some advanced methodologies used in surface water quality modelling. Its aim is to introduce several topics that are new in the field of surface water quality modelling and help spur new developments in each of the topics. It is intended for a readership consisting of researchers, academicians, consultants and government agency representatives. The editor of this Special Issue wishes to thank all authors, reviewers and academic editors in their contributions, without whom the publishing of this collective work would not have come to pass
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  • 100
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    ISBN: 9783036570792 , 9783036570785
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (172 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Chemistry ; Physical chemistry
    Abstract: Let us introduce this new reprint published by MDPI. This volume is the second part of a previous one devoted to Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials, published by MDPI in 2021. As expected, these unique ten contributions fully agree with the definition of hybrid material as per the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) recommendations, defining hybrid materials as the composed of an intimate mixture of inorganic or both types of components interpenetrating scales of less than one micron. Therefore, the reader may deduce that this definition offers many approximations to investigate in the field. Orrganic-inorganic materials are multi-component systems with at least one of their organic (the polymer) or inorganic components in the nano-metric size domain, which confers the material as a whole greatly enhanced properties respecting the constitutive parts in isolation. The works compiled in this volume are at the forefront of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid material research. So, these ten new articles would provide information and inspiration for future applications in this fantastic and fascinating scientific field
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