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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (85)
  • Regensburg UB  (11)
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  • 2025-2025  (24)
  • 1980-1984  (70)
  • 1970-1974  (52)
  • 1955-1959  (13)
  • 1983  (49)
  • 1981  (50)
  • 1974  (40)
  • 1973  (33)
  • 1958  (13)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (71)
  • Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press  (14)
  • Wiesbaden : Steiner  (11)
  • München [u.a.] : Saur
  • Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz
  • History  (48)
  • Zeitschrift  (28)
  • Humanities.  (26)
Datenlieferant
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  • 1
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz | Stuttgart : Steiner | Mainz : DMG | Leipzig : Brockhaus | Wiesbaden : Steiner ; 1.1847 - 75.1921; N.F. 1=76.1922 - 37=112.1962; 113.1963(1964) -
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    ISSN: 0341-0137 , 0341-0137 , 2747-4402
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: 24 cm
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 1.1847 - 75.1921; N.F. 1=76.1922 - 37=112.1962; 113.1963(1964) -
    Suppl.: Beil.: Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft Mitgliederverzeichnis / Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft
    Suppl.: Beil.: Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft Verzeichnis der Mitglieder / Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft
    Suppl.: Beil.: Versammlung Deutscher und Ausländischer Orientalisten Verhandlungen der Versammlung Deutscher und Ausländischer Orientalisten
    Suppl.: Beil.: Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft Jahresbericht der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft
    Suppl.: Beil.: Wissenschaftlicher Jahresbericht über die morgenländischen Studien
    Suppl.: Beil.: Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft / Bibliothek Zugangsverzeichnis der Bibliothek der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft
    Suppl.: Supplement Bericht über die morgenländischen Studien
    Paralleltitel: Elektronische Reproduktion Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Geschichte ; Literatur ; Orientalische Sprachen ; Orient ; Zeitschrift ; Orientalische Sprachen ; Orientalische Sprachen ; Literatur ; Orient ; Geschichte
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Darin: Wissenschaftliche Nachrichten
    Anmerkung: Erscheint zweimal jährlich , Repr.: Nendeln, Liechtenstein : Kraus , Index 1/10.1847/56 in: 10.1856; 11/20.1857/66 in: 20.1866; 21/30.1867/76 in: 30.1876; 31/40.1877/86 in: 40.1886; 41/50.1887/96 in: 50.1896; 51/60.1897/1906 in: 60.1906
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Berlin ; Boston : 〈〈de〉〉 Gruyter | Sankt Augustin : Richarz | Frankfurt, M. ; Bern [u.a.] : Lang | München [u.a.] : Saur | Berlin [u.a.] : Quintessenz-Verl. | Berlin [u.a.] : Mouton de Gruyter ; 2.1976 -
    ISSN: 0341-2059 , 1613-4087
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 2.1976 -
    Paralleltitel: Online-Ausg. Communications
    Vorheriger Titel: Vorg.: Internationale Zeitschrift für Kommunikationsforschung
    Vorheriger Titel: the European journal of communication
    DDC: 302.23072
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Kommunikationsforschung ; Kommunikation ; Massenmedium ; Massenkommunikation ; Zeitschrift ; Kommunikationsforschung
    Anmerkung: Repr.: Bad Feilnbach : Schmidt Periodicals , Beteil. Körp. bis 10.1984: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kommunikationsforschung u. Internationale Vereinigung für Kommunikationswissenschaft , 1975 u. 1989 nicht ersch.; 4x jährl.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0030-5197 , 0030-5197 , 2940-438X
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 1.1954,Juli -
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Oriens extremus
    Vorheriger Titel: Zeitschrift für Sprache, Kunst und Kultur der Länder des Fernen Ostens
    Schlagwort(e): Kultur ; Ferner Osten ; Zeitschrift ; Ferner Osten ; Ferner Osten ; Kultur
    Anmerkung: Beteil. Körp. anfangs: Seminar für Sprache und Kultur Chinas, Universität Hamburg , Ersch. unregelmäßig
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Berlin : Dietrich Reimer Verlag GmbH | Leipzig : Harrassowitz | Bamberg : Meisenbach | Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz | Wiesbaden : Steiner | Wiesbaden ; Stuttgart : Steiner | Stuttgart : Kohlhammer | Frankfurt am Main : Reimer ; 1.1938/40 - 11.1965; 13.1967 -
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    ISSN: 0078-7809 , 0078-7809
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 1.1938/40 - 11.1965; 13.1967 -
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Paideuma
    Nachfolgender Titel: 12.1966 Mitteilungen zur Kulturkunde
    Schlagwort(e): Kultur ; Ethnologie ; Volkskunde ; Afrika ; Volkskunde, Völkerkunde ; Zeitschrift ; Ethnologie ; Volkskunde ; Kultur ; Ethnologie ; Afrika ; Ethnologie
    Anmerkung: Repr.: New York, NY : Johnson , Beteil. Körp. bis 2.1941/43: Forschungsinstitut für Kulturmorphologie an der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press | London : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1960 -
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    ISSN: 0021-8537 , 1469-5138
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 1.1960 -
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The journal of African history
    Vorheriger Titel: Journal of African history
    Schlagwort(e): Zeitschrift ; Geschichte ; Afrika ; Zeitschrift ; Afrika ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: In 3.1962: Conference on African History and Archaeology; 3.1961
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press | London : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1960 -
    ISSN: 0021-8537 , ISSN 1469-5138
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 1.1960 -
    Paralleltitel: Online-Ausg. The journal of African history
    Vorheriger Titel: Journal of African history
    Schlagwort(e): Zeitschrift ; Geschichte ; Afrika ; Zeitschrift ; Afrika ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: In 3.1962: Conference on African History and Archaeology; 3.1961
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Leiden : Brill | 's-Gravenhage : Mouton | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel | Dordrecht : Kluwer | Dordrecht : Springer ; 1.1957 -
    ISSN: 0019-7246 , 1572-8536
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 1.1957 -
    Paralleltitel: Online-Ausg. Indo-Iranian journal
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Indoiranisch ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Indoiranisch ; Zeitschrift
    Anmerkung: Index 1/20.1957/78=26.1983,1/3
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Paralleltitel: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    Schlagwort(e): Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Berlin ; Boston : 〈〈de〉〉 Gruyter | Sankt Augustin : Richarz | Frankfurt, M. ; Bern [u.a.] : Lang | München [u.a.] : Saur | Berlin [u.a.] : Quintessenz-Verl. | Berlin [u.a.] : Mouton de Gruyter ; 2.1976 -
    ISSN: 0341-2059 , ISSN 1613-4087
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 2.1976 -
    Paralleltitel: Online-Ausg. Communications
    Vorheriger Titel: Vorg.: Internationale Zeitschrift für Kommunikationsforschung
    Vorheriger Titel: the European journal of communication
    DDC: 302.23072
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Kommunikationsforschung ; Kommunikation ; Massenmedium ; Massenkommunikation ; Zeitschrift ; Kommunikationsforschung
    Anmerkung: Repr.: Bad Feilnbach : Schmidt Periodicals , Beteil. Körp. bis 10.1984: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kommunikationsforschung u. Internationale Vereinigung für Kommunikationswissenschaft , 1975 u. 1989 nicht ersch.; 4x jährl.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , ISSN 1573-0786
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Paralleltitel: Online-Ausg. Dialectical anthropology
    Schlagwort(e): Anthropologie ; Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1970 -
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    ISSN: 0020-7438 , 1471-6380 , 1471-6380
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 1.1970 -
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als International journal of Middle East studies
    DDC: 890
    Schlagwort(e): Länderbericht ; Mittlerer Osten ; Naher und Mittlerer Osten Allgemeine Literatur ; Naher Osten ; Mittlerer Osten ; Zeitschrift ; Mittlerer Osten ; Zeitschrift
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786 , 1573-0786
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Schlagwort(e): Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Anthropologie
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Dordrecht : Springer | Amsterdam : Elsevier | Dordrecht : Nijhoff | Dordrecht : Kluwer ; 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    ISSN: 0304-4092 , 1573-0786 , 1573-0786
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 1.1975/76(1975) -
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Dialectical anthropology
    DDC: 100
    Schlagwort(e): Zeitschrift ; Anthropologie ; Anthropologie
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Serie: Studien zur Kulturkunde ...
    Serie: Veröffentlichungen des Frobenius-Instituts an der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität zu Frankfurt/Main
    Schlagwort(e): Ethnology ; History ; Griechenland ; Ethnologie ; Römisches Reich ; Ethnologie ; Antike ; Ethnologie
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    Sprache: Englisch
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Science History ; China ; Technology History ; China ; China Civilization ; History ; Science and civilization ; Intellectual life ; China ; Naturwissenschaften ; Kultur ; Geschichte
    Anmerkung: Gekürzte Ausg. u.d.T.: Ronan, Colin: The shorter science and civilization in China
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz | Lisse : de Ridder ; 1.1975; 2.1982(1983) -
    ISSN: 0724-8822
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 1.1975; 2.1982(1983) -
    DDC: 910
    Schlagwort(e): Zeitschrift
    Anmerkung: 1976 - 1981 nicht ersch.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Berlin : de Gruyter Saur | Berlin : Dt. Zentraldr. | Frankfurt, M. : Art-Adress-Verl. Müller | München [u.a.] : Saur | Berlin : de Gruyter ; [2.]1952/53(1952); 3.1954/55(1954) - 25.2000/01(2000); 26.2002 -
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    ISSN: 0074-4565 , 0074-4565 , 2699-8769
    Sprache: Deutsch , Englisch
    Seiten: 24 cm
    Erscheinungsverlauf: [2.]1952/53(1952); 3.1954/55(1954) - 25.2000/01(2000); 26.2002 -
    Suppl.: Regionalausgabe Kunstadressbuch für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland Frankfurt, M. : Art Address Verl., 1977-1977
    Suppl.: Regionalausgabe Art address regional Frankfurt, M. : Art Address Verl., 1979-1983 0172-7885
    Suppl.: Regionalausgabe Art address Frankfurt, M. : Art Address Verl., 1985-1987 0172-7885
    Suppl.: Regionalausgabe Kunstadressbuch Berlin : De @Gruyter Saur, 1989-[2015] 0937-5775
    Serie: Edition art address
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als International directory of arts & museums of the world
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als International directory of arts
    Vorheriger Titel: Vorg.: Deutsches Kunst-Adressbuch
    Vorheriger Titel: Internationales Kunst-Adressbuch
    Vorheriger Titel: Annuario internazionale delle belle arti
    Vorheriger Titel: Annuaire international des beaux-arts
    Vorheriger Titel: Anuario internacional de las artes
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Kunst ; Zeitschrift ; Verzeichnis ; Adressbuch ; Kunst
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 7.1963/64 - 22.1995/96 inhaltliche Gliederung in Bd. 1: Museen u. Galerien, Bildende Künstler, Restauratoren, Sammler, Vereinigungen; Bd. 2: Kunst- und Antiquitätenhandlungen, Kunstverleger, Experten; ab 23.1997/98 in Bd. 1: Museen und öffentliche Galerien, Universitäten, Akademien, Schulen, Vereinigungen; Bd. 2: Kunst- und Antiquitätenhandel, Numismatik, Galerien, Auktionatoren, Restauratoren, Kunstverleger, Kunstzeitschriften, Antiquariate und Kunstbuchhandlungen; Bd. 3: Register; ab 33.2009 in Bd. 1: Museums and public galleries, universities, associations; Bd. 2: Antiques and numismatics, fairs, galleries, auctioneers, restorers, publishers, periodicals, booksellers; Bd. 3: Index
    Anmerkung: Hrsg. anfangs: Helmut Rauschenbusch , Ersch. anfangs alle 2 Jahre, später jährl.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press | London : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1960 -
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    ISSN: 0021-8537 , 1469-5138 , 1469-5138
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 1.1960 -
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The journal of African history
    Vorheriger Titel: Journal of African history
    DDC: 910
    Schlagwort(e): Zeitschrift ; Afrika ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift
    Anmerkung: In 3.1962: Conference on African History and Archaeology; 3.1961
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 19
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press | London : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1960 -
    ISSN: 0021-8537 , 1469-5138 , 1469-5138
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 1.1960 -
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The journal of African history
    Vorheriger Titel: Journal of African history
    DDC: 910
    Schlagwort(e): Zeitschrift ; Afrika ; Geschichte ; Zeitschrift
    Anmerkung: In 3.1962: Conference on African History and Archaeology; 3.1961
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 20
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press | London : Congress | London : School | Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press ; Nr. 1.1960 -
    ISSN: 0305-7410 , 0009-4439 , 1468-2648 , 1468-2648
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: Nr. 1.1960 -
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The China quarterly
    Vorheriger Titel: 50th anniversary report
    DDC: 890
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Länderbericht ; China ; Zeitschrift ; China ; Geschichte 1900- ; Zeitschrift ; Politik ; Wirtschaft
    Anmerkung: Einzelne H. als Special issue bez , Repr.: New York, NY : Johnson , Beteil. Körp. anfangs: Congress for Cultural Freedom; später: Contemporary China Institute of the School of Oriental and African Studies, London University
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 21
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Berlin : Dietrich Reimer Verlag GmbH | Leipzig : Harrassowitz | Bamberg : Meisenbach | Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz | Wiesbaden : Steiner | Stuttgart : Kohlhammer | Frankfurt am Main : Reimer ; 1.1938/40 - 11.1965; 13.1967 -
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    ISSN: 0078-7809
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 1.1938/40 - 11.1965; 13.1967 -
    Suppl.: 12.1966 Mitteilungen zur Kulturkunde Wiesbaden : Steiner, 1966
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Paideuma
    DDC: 900
    Schlagwort(e): Volkskunde, Völkerkunde ; Zeitschrift ; Ethnologie ; Volkskunde ; Kultur ; Ethnologie ; Afrika ; Ethnologie
    Anmerkung: Repr.: New York, NY : Johnson , Beteil. Körp. bis 2.1941/43: Forschungsinstitut für Kulturmorphologie an der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 22
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Berlin : Dietrich Reimer Verlag GmbH | Leipzig : Harrassowitz | Bamberg : Meisenbach | Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz | Wiesbaden : Steiner | Stuttgart : Kohlhammer | Frankfurt am Main : Reimer ; 1.1938/40 - 11.1965; 13.1967 -
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    ISSN: 0078-7809
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 1.1938/40 - 11.1965; 13.1967 -
    Suppl.: 12.1966 Mitteilungen zur Kulturkunde Wiesbaden : Steiner, 1966
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Paideuma
    DDC: 900
    Schlagwort(e): Volkskunde, Völkerkunde ; Zeitschrift ; Ethnologie ; Volkskunde ; Kultur ; Ethnologie ; Afrika ; Ethnologie
    Anmerkung: Repr.: New York, NY : Johnson , Beteil. Körp. bis 2.1941/43: Forschungsinstitut für Kulturmorphologie an der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 23
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1960 -
    ISSN: 1469-5138 , 0021-8537
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 1.1960 -
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. The journal of African history
    DDC: 890
    Schlagwort(e): Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift
    Anmerkung: Gesehen am 10.01.2012
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 24
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1970 -
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    ISSN: 1471-6380 , 0020-7438 , 0020-7438
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 1.1970 -
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als International journal of Middle East studies
    DDC: 890
    Schlagwort(e): Zeitschrift ; Naher Osten ; Politik ; Gesellschaft ; Kultur ; Geschichte 1600-
    Anmerkung: Gesehen am 16.04.2024
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 25
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press | The Hague : Mouton | Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1958/59-Vol. 64, 4 (Oct. 2022)
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    ISSN: 0010-4175 , 1475-2999
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 1.1958/59-Vol. 64, 4 (Oct. 2022)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Comparative studies in society and history
    Schlagwort(e): Geschichtswissenschaft ; Soziologie ; Zeitschrift ; Geschichtswissenschaft ; Soziologie
    Anmerkung: Fortgesetzt als Online-Ausgabe , Index 1/5.1958/63 in: 5.1962/63; 1/10.1958/68 in: 11.1969; 11/15.1969/73 in: 15.1973; 16/20.1974/78 in: 20.1978; 21/25.1979/83 in: 25.1983; 26/30.1984/88 in: 30.1988; 31/35.1989/93 in: 35.1993; 36/40.1994/98 in: 40.1998
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 26
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press | The Hague : Mouton | Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1958/59-Vol. 64, 4 (Oct. 2022)
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    ISSN: 0010-4175 , ISSN 1475-2999
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 1.1958/59-Vol. 64, 4 (Oct. 2022)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Comparative studies in society and history
    Schlagwort(e): Geschichtswissenschaft ; Soziologie ; Zeitschrift ; Geschichtswissenschaft ; Soziologie
    Anmerkung: Fortgesetzt als Online-Ausgabe , Index 1/5.1958/63 in: 5.1962/63; 1/10.1958/68 in: 11.1969; 11/15.1969/73 in: 15.1973; 16/20.1974/78 in: 20.1978; 21/25.1979/83 in: 25.1983; 26/30.1984/88 in: 30.1988; 31/35.1989/93 in: 35.1993; 36/40.1994/98 in: 40.1998
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  • 27
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press | The Hague : Mouton | Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1958/59-Vol. 64, 4 (Oct. 2022)
    ISSN: 0010-4175 , 1475-2999 , 1475-2999
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 1.1958/59-Vol. 64, 4 (Oct. 2022)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Comparative studies in society and history
    DDC: 900
    Schlagwort(e): Sozialwissenschaft ; Geschichte ; Social sciences Periodicals ; History Periodicals ; Zeitschrift ; Geschichtswissenschaft ; Soziologie
    Anmerkung: Fortgesetzt als Online-Ausgabe , Index 1/5.1958/63 in: 5.1962/63; 1/10.1958/68 in: 11.1969; 11/15.1969/73 in: 15.1973; 16/20.1974/78 in: 20.1978; 21/25.1979/83 in: 25.1983; 26/30.1984/88 in: 30.1988; 31/35.1989/93 in: 35.1993; 36/40.1994/98 in: 40.1998
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  • 28
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press | The Hague : Mouton | Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1958/59-Vol. 64, 4 (Oct. 2022)
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    ISSN: 0010-4175 , 1475-2999 , 1475-2999
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 1.1958/59-Vol. 64, 4 (Oct. 2022)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Comparative studies in society and history
    DDC: 900
    Schlagwort(e): Sozialwissenschaft ; Geschichte ; Social sciences Periodicals ; History Periodicals ; Zeitschrift ; Geschichtswissenschaft ; Soziologie
    Anmerkung: Fortgesetzt als Online-Ausgabe , Index 1/5.1958/63 in: 5.1962/63; 1/10.1958/68 in: 11.1969; 11/15.1969/73 in: 15.1973; 16/20.1974/78 in: 20.1978; 21/25.1979/83 in: 25.1983; 26/30.1984/88 in: 30.1988; 31/35.1989/93 in: 35.1993; 36/40.1994/98 in: 40.1998
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  • 29
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Kathmandu : Nepal Research Centre | Wiesbaden : Steiner ; 1.1977 - 2/3.1978/79; 4.1980 - 12.2001; 13 (2009) ; damit Erscheinen eingestellt
    ISSN: 0720-6615
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: 1.1977 - 2/3.1978/79; 4.1980 - 12.2001; 13 (2009) ; damit Erscheinen eingestellt
    Suppl.: 1981/82 - 1993 darin Nepalese national bibliography
    Suppl.: 1=3; 2/3=4; 4=8 von Nepal Research Centre Publications of the Nepal Research Centre Stuttgart : Steiner, 1975-2006 0170-8082
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Nepal ; Nepal ; Zeitschrift
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Bd. ersch. abwechselnd mit dem Thema "Humanities" u. "Sciences"
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 30
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    Zeitschrift/Serie
    München [u.a.] : Saur ; Ed. 3.1982 - 10.2006; damit Ersch. eingest.
    Dazugehörige Bände/Artikel
    ISSN: 0939-1959
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf: Ed. 3.1982 - 10.2006; damit Ersch. eingest.
    Serie: Handbook of international documentation and information : Volume 13
    Vorheriger Titel: Vorg.: Verbände und Gesellschaften der Wissenschaft
    Vorheriger Titel: World guide to scientific associations
    Vorheriger Titel: Internationales Verzeichnis wissenschaftlicher Verbände und Gesellschaften
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft ; Wissenschaftliche Einrichtung ; Zeitschrift ; Verzeichnis ; Adressbuch ; Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft ; Wissenschaftliche Einrichtung ; DE-602
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  • 31
    ISBN: 3515039201
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: X, 460 S.
    Serie: Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte des östlichen Europa 20
    DDC: 378/.198/0947 19
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Georgievskij, Aleksandr I. ; Georgievskij, Aleksandr I. ; Georgievskij, Aleksandr I. ; Geschichte 1850-1911 ; Geschichte 1830-1911 ; Hochschulpolitik ; Studentenbewegung ; Russland ; Hochschulpolitik ; Hochschulpolitik ; Hochschulpolitik ; College students Russia (Federation) ; Political activity ; History ; Higher education and state Russia (Federation) ; History ; Russland ; Russland ; Georgievskij, Aleksandr I. 1830-1911 ; Russland -1917 ; Hochschulpolitik ; Geschichte 1850-1911 ; Georgievskij, Aleksandr I. 1830-1911 ; Georgievskij, Aleksandr I. 1830-1911 ; Hochschulpolitik ; Russland -1917 ; Hochschulpolitik ; Geschichte 1830-1911
    Anmerkung: Enth.: Kurzer historischer Abriß der Maßnahmen und Pläne der Regierung gegen die Studentenunruhen / von A. Georgievskij , Einheitssacht. d. kommentierten Werkes: Kratkij istoričeskij Očerk meri prednačertanij pravitel'stva protiv studenčeskich besporjadkov 〈dt.〉
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  • 32
    ISBN: 3515029249
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: XVI, 213, 75 S. , zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Serie: Studien zur Kulturkunde 60
    Serie: Studien zur Kulturkunde
    DDC: 967/.113
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Bamun (African people) ; Material culture ; Catalogs ; Bamum Palace Museum ; Catalogs ; Bamun (African people) ; History ; Bamum ; Bamum Palace Museum
    Anmerkung: Literaturverz. S. 206 - 213. - Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Geary, Christraud: Les choses du Palais
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  • 33
    ISBN: 3515037470
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: XIV, 330 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. , 24 cm
    Serie: Studien zur Kulturkunde 65
    Serie: Studien zur Kulturkunde
    DDC: 963/.3
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Kambata / C. Volkskunde, Völkerkunde ; Kambata / G.a. Gesellschaft, Sozialwissenschaften ; Sozialstruktur ; Kambata (African people) ; History ; Kambata (African people) ; Social life and customs ; Ethnology ; Ethiopia ; Ethiopia ; History ; Ethiopia ; Social life and customs ; Kambata
    Anmerkung: Literaturverz. S. 306 - 316 , Literaturverz. S. 306 - 316
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  • 34
    ISBN: 3515035362
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Serie: Äthiopistische Forschungen 12
    Originaltitel: Tarika nagaštāt za-Ityopyā
    Dissertationsvermerk: Teilw. zugl.: Hamburg, Univ., Diss. : F. A. Dombrowski, 1983
    Schlagwort(e): Ethiopia ; History ; 1490-1889 ; Tārika nagaśtat zaʾItyoṗyā ; Biografie ; Quelle ; Äthiopien ; Herrscher ; Biografie ; Quelle ; Geschichte Anfänge-1730
    Anmerkung: Erschienen: Teil A (1983) bis Teil B (1983)
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  • 35
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401576727
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVII, 182 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 3
    Serie: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 3
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Why Philosophy of Science? -- Knowledge and Power in the Sciences -- Facts and Values in Science Studies -- No History Without Health -- Science Policy Studies: Retrospect and Prospect -- Social Science: Education as Social Persuasion -- History and Philosophy of Science in the Pedagogical Process -- Science Teaching or Science Preaching? Critical Reflections on School Science -- Notes on Contributors.
    Kurzfassung: Only in fairly recent years has History and Philosophy of Science been recognized - though not always under that name - as a distinct field of scholarly endeavour. Previously, in the Australasian region as elsewhere, those few individuals working within this broad area of inquiry found their base, both intellectually and socially, where they could. In fact, the institutionali­ zation of History and Philosophy of Science began comparatively early in Australia. An initial lecturing appointment was made at the University of Melbourne immediately after the Second World War, in 1946, and other appointments followed as the subject underwent an expansion during the 1950s and '60s similar to that which took place in other parts of the world. Today there are major Departments at the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales and the University of Wollongong, and smaller groups active in many other parts of Australia, and in New Zealand.
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  • 36
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400957534
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VII, 208 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Second Edition
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Engineering Description of Rocks -- 1.1 Rock testing -- 1.2 Uniaxial or unconfined strength -- 1.3 Empirical field and laboratory tests -- 1.4 Porosity and permeability -- 1.5 Discontinuous rock -- 2 Stress and Strain -- 2.1 Stress at a point -- 2.2 Pore pressure and effective stress -- 2.3 Strain at a point -- 2.4 Representation of stress and strain -- 2.5 Relation between stress and strain -- 2.6 Geostatic stresses -- 2.7 Measurement of in situ stress -- 3 Rock Deformation -- 3.1 Rock tests in compression -- 3.2 Rock deformation in compression -- 3.3 Mechanics of microfracture -- 3.4 Rock macrofracture -- 3.5 The complete rock deformation curve -- 4 Rock Strength and Yield -- 4.1 Rock strength criteria -- 4.2 Yield criteria -- 4.3 The critical state concept -- 4.4 Triaxial testing -- 4.5 Axial and volumetric strain data -- 4.6 The Hvorslev surface in rocks -- 5 Time Dependency -- 5.1 Creep strain -- 5.2 Phenomenological models of creep -- 5.3 Time-dependent deformation -- 5.4 Time-dependent strength reduction -- 5.5 Cyclic loading -- 5.6 Rapid loading -- 6 Discontinuities in Rock Masses -- 6.1 Discontinuity measurement -- 6.2 Discontinuity orientation data -- 6.3 Shear resistance of a rock containing a discontinuity -- 6.4 Shear resistance of a discontinuity -- 6.5 A critical state model for rock discontinuity strength -- 6.6 Measurement of discontinuity shear resistance -- 7 Behaviour of Rock Masses -- 7.1 Discontinuity frequency -- 7.2 Rock mass classification systems -- 7.3 Rock mass strength criterion -- 7.4 The relevance of rock mass strength -- References -- Author Index.
    Kurzfassung: The first edition of this book was received more kindly than it deserved by some, and with some scepticism by others. It set out to present a simple, concise and reasonably comprehensive introduction to some of the theoretical and empirical criteria which may be used to define rock as a structural material. The objectives - reinforced by the change in title - remain the same, but the approach has been changed considerably and only one or two sections have been retained from the first edition. The particular aim in this edition is to provide a description of the mechanical behaviour of rocks, based firmly upon experimental data, which can be used to explain how rocks deform, fracture and yield, and to show how this knowledge can be used in design. The major emphasis is on the behaviour of rocks as materials, although in the later chapters the behaviour of discontinuities in rocks, and the way in which this can affect the behaviour of rock masses, is considered. If this edition is an improvement on the first edition it reflects the debt lowe to numerous people who have attempted to explain the rudiments of the subject to me. I should like to thank Peter Attewell and Roy Scott in particular. I should also like to thank Tony Price and Mike Gilbert whose work at Newcastle I have used shamelessly.
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  • 37
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401097314
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (500p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 78
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 78
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I. Critical Papers -- 1: Philosophy and the Analysis of Language -- 2: Mathematical Ideals and Metaphysical Concepts -- 3: The Structure of Scientific Revolutions -- 4: The Paradigm Concept -- 5: Meaning and Scientific Change -- 6: Notes Toward a Post-Positivistic Interpretation of Science, Part I -- II. Analyses of Issues -- 7: Space, Time, and Language -- 8: Interpretations of Science in America -- 9: Unity and Method in Contemporary Science -- 10: What Can the Theory of Knowledge Learn from the History of Knowledge? -- III. Toward a Systematic Philosophy of Science -- 11: The Character of Scientific Change -- 12: The Scope and Limits of Scientific Change -- 13: Scientific Theories and Their Domains -- 14: Remarks on the Concepts of Domain and Field -- 15: Alteration of Goals and Language in the Development of Science -- 16: The Concept of Observation in Science and Philosophy (Summary version) -- 17: Notes Toward a Post-Positivistic Interpretation of Science, Part II -- 18: Reason, Reference, and the Quest for Knowledge -- 19: Modern Science and the Philosophical Tradition -- List Of Publications -- Index Of Names -- Index Of Topics.
    Kurzfassung: An impressive characteristic of Dudley Shapere's studies in the philosophy of the sciences has been his dogged reasonableness. He sorts things out, with logical care and mastery of the materials, and with an epistemological curiosity for the historical happenings which is both critical and respectful. Science changes, and the philosopher had better not link philosophical standards too tightly to either the latest orthodox or the provocative up­ start in scientific fashions; and yet, as critic, the philosopher must not only master the sciences but also explicate their meanings, not those of a cognitive never-never land. Neither dreamer nor pedant, Professor Shapere has been able to practice the modern empiricist's exercises with the sober and stimulat­ ing results shown in this volume: he sees that he can be faithful to philosoph­ ical analysis, engage in the boldest 'rational reconstruction' of theories and experimental measurements, and faithful too, empirically faithful we may say, to both the direct super-highways and the winding pathways of conceptual evolutions and metaphysical revolutions. Not least, Shapere listens! To Einstein and Calileo of course, but to the workings of the engineers and the scientific apprentices too, and to the various philosophers, now and of old, who have also worked to make sense of what has been learned and how that has happened and where we might go wrong.
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  • 38
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401180481
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Outline Studies in Ecology
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Conditions for life -- 1.1 Radiant energy -- 1.2 The atmosphere -- 2 Radiation coupling -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Plant responses to light -- 3 Coupling through boundary layers -- 3.1 Electrical analogues -- 3.2 Coupling through resistance chains -- 3.3 Physiologically-influenced resistances -- 3.4 Micrometeorological stomatal resistance -- 4 Heat and water exchange at plant surfaces -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Energy balance -- 4.3 Calculations -- 5 Field observations -- 5.1 Structure of vegetation -- 5.2 Vegetation height -- 5.3 Leaf survival and design -- Appendix 1 Specific heats -- Appendix 2 Physical constants -- Appendix 3 Thermocouple data -- Appendix 5 Saturated vapour pressure and black body radiation -- Appendix 6 Useful formulae -- Appendix 7 Symbols and abbreviations -- Appendix 8 Units -- Appendix 9 Metric multiples and submultiples -- References.
    Kurzfassung: In this small book I have tried to confine myself to the absolute necessities in a field which requires a knowledge of both biology and physics. It is meant as a primer for biological undergraduates. I hope it will lead some of them to further, more advanced, study. It has not been easy to present the subject in so few pages, and I am aware of many omissions. I hope readers will agree that it is best to concentrate on a small number of topics, which together constitute an essay on plant-atmosphere relationships. Advanced students will be able to take the subject further if they look up some of the references. Text books that I particularly recommend are those by Monteith [38] and Campbell [lOO]. If the reader intends to carry out research investigations he should also consult Fritschen and Lloyd [105] for an introduction to instrumentation in environmental biophysics.
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  • 39
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400966727
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (428p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Longitudinal Research in the Behavioral, Social and Medical Sciences, An International Series 2
    Serie: Longitudinal Research in the Behavioral, Social and Medical Studies 2
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Social sciences ; Engineering. ; Life sciences. ; Criminology. ; Humanities. ; Science. ; Mathematics.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- I Criminal Behavior -- 2 Delinquency in Two Birth Cohorts -- 3 Offending from 10 to 25 Years of Age -- 4 Genetic Influence in Criminal Behavior: Evidence from an Adoption Cohort -- 5 Social Class and Crime: Genetics and Environment -- 6 School and Family Origins of Delinquency: Comparisons by Sex -- 7 A Psychosocial Approach to Recidivism -- 8 Testing a General Theory of Deviant Behavior in Longitudinal Perspective -- 9 Delinquency among Metropolitan Boys: A Progress Report -- 10 Hyperactive Boys and Their Brothers at 21: Predictors of Aggressive and Antisocial Outcome -- II Violence and Psychopathy -- 11 Criminal Violence in a Birth Cohort -- 12 Criminal History of the Male Psychopath: Some Preliminary Data -- 13 Testosterone in the Development of Aggressive Antisocial Behavior in Adolescents -- 14 Violent Crime in a Birth Cohort: Copenhagen 1953–1977 -- 15 A Longitudinal Study of Aggression and Antisocial Behavior -- 16 Aggression and Criminality in a Longitudinal Perspective -- 17 Linear Causal Modeling of Adaptation and Criminal History in Sexual Offenses -- III Noncriminal Aggressive Behavior -- 18 Early Life Experiences that Relate to Later Aggression by Women -- 19 Familial Characteristics of Adolescents Vulnerable to Subsequent Antisocial Disorders -- Author Index -- Contributing Authors.
    Kurzfassung: Katherine Teilmann Van Dusen and Sarnoff A. Mednick This introduction delineates what we consider to be three of the most important impediments to the advance of knowledge in the field of criminology. The most fundamental need is for more studies of the nature and progress of criminal and delinquent careers. The second need is for more prospective, longitudinal studies of the etiology of crime and delinquency. The third need concerns the lack of interdisciplinary research toward a more integrated understanding of delinquent and criminal behavior. Criminal and Delinquent Careers The birth cohort study by Wolfgang, Figlio and Sellin (1972) was heralded by many (Farrington, 1973; Erickson, 1973; Weis, 1974) as a landmark which allowed researchers to study the course of delinquency without the usual sampling biases that plagued other, cross-sectional research. For the first time, we could get a reasonable picture of when delinquency usually starts, what proportion of the population engages in delinquency, what types of delinquencies they engage in, what proportion continue, and so on. Cross sectional studies do not permit the investigation of careers because cross 1 PROSPECTIVE STUDIES OF CRIME AND DELINQUENCY 2 sectional sampling includes only portions of careers for many of the individuals sampled. This is just one of the many problems that restricted researchers' ability to study the nature of criminal careers.
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789400969957
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (284p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Vienna Circle Collection 16
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Kurzfassung: 1. The Lost Wanderers of Descartes and the Auxiliary Motive (On The Psychology of Decision) (1913) -- 2. On The Classification of Systems of Hypotheses (With Special Reference to Optics) (1916) -- 3. Ways of the Scientific World-Conception (1930) -- 4. Physicalism: The Philosophy of the Viennese Circle (1931) -- 5. Physicalism (1931) -- 6. Sociology in the Framework of Physicalism (1931) -- 7. Protocol Statements (1932) -- 8. Radical Physicalism and the ‘Real World’ (1934) -- 9. The Unity of Science as a Task (1935) -- 10. Pseudorationalism of Falsification (1935) -- 11. Individual Sciences, Unified Science, Pseudorationalism (1936) -- 12. An International Encyclopedia of Unified Science (1936) -- 13. Encyclopedia as ‘Model’ (1936) -- 14. Physicalism and the Investigation of Knowledge (1936) -- 15. Unified Science and Its Encyclopedia (1937) -- 16. The Concept of ‘Type’ in the Light of Modern Logic (1937) -- 17. The New Encyclopedia of Scientific Empiricism (1937) -- 18. The Departmentalization of Unified Science (1937) -- 19. Comments on the Papers by Black, Kokoszy?ska, Williams (1937) -- 20. The Social Sciences and Unified Science (1939) -- 21. Universal Jargon and Terminology (1941) -- 22. The Orchestration of the Sciences by the Encyclopedism of Logical Empiricism (1946) -- 23. Prediction and Induction (1946) -- 24. Bibliographies -- A. Bibliography of Works Cited -- B. Supplementary List of Works by Otto Neurath [See ‘List’, Which Is Chapter 12 of Empiricism and Sociology, 1973] -- C. Neurath in English -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: The philosophical writings of Otto Neurath, and their central themes, have been described many times, by Carnap in his authobiographical essay, by Ayer and Morris and Kraft decades ago, by Haller and Hegselmann and Nemeth and others in recent years. How extraordinary Neurath's insights were, even when they perhaps were more to be seen as conjectures, aperfus, philosophical hypotheses, tools to be taken up and used in the practical workshop of life; and how prescient he was. A few examples may be helpful: (1) Neurath's 1912 lecture on the conceptual critique of the idea of a pleasure maximum [ON 50] substantially anticipates the development of aspects of analytical ethics in mid-century. (2) Neurath's 1915 paper on alternative hypotheses, and systems of hypotheses, within the science of physical optics [ON 81] gives a lucid account of the historically-developed clashing theories of light, their un­ realized further possibilities, and the implied contingencies of theory survival in science, all within his framework that antedates not only the quite similar work of Kuhn so many years later but also of the Vienna Circle too. (3) Neurath's subsequent paper of 1916 investigates the inadequacies of various attempts to classify systems of hypotheses [ON 82, and this volume], and sets forth a pioneering conception of the metatheoretical task of scientific philosophy.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789400969469
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (280p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 22
    Serie: Synthese Historical Library 22
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): History
    Kurzfassung: I. Introduction -- 1. Preliminary Remarks -- 2. Marsilius of Inghen’s life and Works -- 3. Marsilius’ Teachings -- 4. Conspectus of the Manuscripts, Incunabula and Post-Incunabula -- 5. The Establishment of the Present Edition -- 6. Title of the Treatises -- II. Text and Translation -- List of Signs -- Apparatus Criticus -- III. Notes to the Text -- 1. Notes to the Suppositiones -- 2. Notes to the Ampliationes -- 3. Notes to the Appellationes -- 4. Notes to the Restrictiones and Alienationes -- IV. Appendices -- 10.1007/978-94-009-6946-9_13 -- 10.1007/978-94-009-6946-9_14 -- 10.1007/978-94-009-6946-9_15 -- 10.1007/978-94-009-6946-9_16 -- Indexes to the Latin Text -- Indexes to the Introduction, Notes, And Appendices -- Index of Manuscripts.
    Kurzfassung: occurred in the textbooks of medieval logicians. Hubien (1975,1977) did the same in recent articles and other modern logicians with interest in the history of their field of knowledge, or students of the history of logic with knowledge of modern achievements in this field, could be mentioned. For example, Trentman (1977:41) in his recent edition of Vincent Ferrer's Tractatus de Suppositionibus, 'Treatise on suppositions', elucidates Ferrer's theory of natural supposition with the aid of modern logic and points out that in some respects, for example, in the theory of irltensionality, modern theories have been developed with little more success. In the Middle Ages, semantics and logic were entirely interwoven. For, in the opinion of medieval philosophers, thought is enacted in language. This very same language consists of meaningful entities and those entities form propositions that may be used as premisses in argument. In their opinion, language and thought were both related to reality in a natural way (cf. De Rijk, 1977:233). This is also evident from Marsilius' works (cf., e.g., p. 54, n. 11-23). The semantical presuppositions oT the propositions that may be used in arguments, are analysed. This, indeed, is one of the contributions to logic by medieval logicians (cf. Moody, 1975:385).
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  • 42
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400968394
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (284p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 102
    Serie: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 102
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    Schlagwort(e): Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—History. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Scottish Beginnings -- 2. London Beginnings -- 3. The First Trip Abroad -- 1. Paris and its Scientific Society, 1817 -- 2. Switzerland -- 3. Italy -- 4. The Return -- 4. In the Mainstream of London Science -- 1. Scientific Training in the 1820s -- 2. Mary Somerville’s Apprenticeship -- 3. The First Experimental Paper -- 4. Brougham’s Commission -- 5. The Mechanism of the Heavens -- 1. The Atmosphere of 1830 -- 2. Creation and Publication -- 3. Reception -- 6. The Second Stay Abroad -- 1. Paris, 1832 -- 2. Mary Somerville and French Science, 1832–33 -- 3. Foreign Visitors, English Correspondence -- 7. On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences -- 1. The Physical Sciences, 1830–33 -- 2. The Final Revision -- 3. Publication and Review -- 4. New Honours and a New Edition -- 5. Mary Somerville and a Few Scientific Women -- 8. The Civil List and Mary Somerville -- 9. ‘The Comet’, an Experiment and a Third Edition -- 10. The Last London Years -- 1. A New Pattern of Existence, 1836 -- 2. The Fourth Edition of the Connexion of the Sciences -- 3. A Scientific Intermediary -- 11. Outside the Mainstream of Science -- 1. Italy, 1838–40 -- 2. And After . . . -- A Guide to Notes and Citations -- Notes.
    Kurzfassung: Among the myriad of changes that took place in Great Britain in the first half of the nineteenth century, many of particular significance to the historian of science and to the social historian are discernible in that small segment of British society drawn together by a shared interest in natural phenomena and with sufficient leisure or opportunity to investigate and ponder them. This group, which never numbered more than a mere handful in comparison to the whole population, may rightly be characterized as 'scientific'. They and their successors came to occupy an increasingly important place in the intellectual, educational, and developing economic life of the nation. Well before the arrival of mid-century, natural philosophers and inventors were generally hailed as a source of national pride and of national prestige. Scientific society is a feature of nineteenth-century British life, the best being found in London, in the universities, in Edinburgh and Glasgow, and in a few scattered provincial centres.
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  • 43
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    ISBN: 9789400971332
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (268p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 22
    Serie: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 22
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    Schlagwort(e): Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Introduction: from Rutherford to Hahn -- The Nuclear Electron Hypothesis -- The Evolution of Matter: Nuclear Physics, Cosmic Rays, and Robert Millikan’s Research Program -- The Discovery of Fission and a Nuclear Physics Paradigm -- Internal and External Conditions for the Discovery of Fission by the Berlin Team -- Otto Hahn, Science, and Social Responsibility -- The Politics of British Science in the Munich Era -- Why Hahn’s Radiothorium Surprised Rutherford in Montreal -- The Discovery of Uranium Z by Otto Hahn: The First Example of Nuclear Isomerism -- Nuclear Physics in Candada in the 1930s.
    Kurzfassung: and less as the emanation unden\'ent radioactive decay, and it became motion­ less after about 30 seconds. Since this process was occurring very rapidly, Hahn and Sackur marked the position of the pointer on a scale with pencil marks. As a timing device they used a metronome that beat out intervals of approximately 1. 3 seconds. This simple method enabled them to determine that the half-life of the emanations of actinium and emanium were the same. Although Giesel's measurements had been more precise than Debierne's, the name of actinium was retained since Debierne had made the discovery first. Hahn now returned to his sample of barium chloride. He soon conjectured that the radium-enriched preparations must harbor another radioactive sub­ stance. The liquids resulting from fractional crystallization, which were sup­ posed to contain radium only, produced two kinds of emanation. One was the long-lived emanation of radium, the other had a short life similar to the emanation produced by thorium. Hahn tried to separate this substance by adding some iron to the solutions that should have been free of radium, but to no avail. Later the reason for his failure became apparent. The element that emitted the thorium emanation was constantly replenished by the ele­ ment believed to be radium. Hahn succeeded in enriching a preparation until it was more than 100,000 times as intensive in its radiation as the same quantity of thorium.
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789400969056
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 138 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
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    Schlagwort(e): History
    Kurzfassung: I Raymond Aron -- Raymond Aron: Texte Originale -- II Isaiah Berlin and the Emergence of Liberal Pluralism -- III Leszek Kolakowski: A Portrait -- IV The Achievement of Marguerite Yourcenar -- About the Authors.
    Kurzfassung: This book has been published to mark the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Erasmus Prize and underline the importance of the four laureates who received the Prize in the jubileum year. Raymon Aron, Isaiah Berlin, Leszek Kolakowski and Marguerite Y ourcenarcan be considered four outstanding representatives of the unique European intellectual tradition that is characterised by its critical sense and respect for freedom of the individual. It is for this reason that they have been awarded the Erasmus Prize. The essays included in this book are devoted to these four personalities, a Frenchman strongly influenced by the German philosophical tradition, a Russian who has settled in Oxford, a philosopher banned from his native Poland, and a Frenchwoman of Belgian origin living in America. Each has demonstrated in his or her own way that the ideas on and ideals of European culture and tradition are oflasting value. Each recognizes that human values can only flourish in a pluralistic society, a society in which 'Ie juste milieu' must constantly be sought. The temptation to succumb to monistic, dogmatic and intolerant tendencies that continue to threaten our civilisation not only from the outside but also from within, must be continually resisted. The dignity of man reaches full maturity first and foremost in a society in which man is the moulder and maker of himself and freedom of the individual stands central.
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  • 45
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    ISBN: 9789400971783
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (276p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 82
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 82
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Particles or Events? -- Commentary on ‘Particles or Events?’ -- Time Symmetry and Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics -- Is Physical Space Unique or Optional? -- Theory Reduction: A Question of Fact or or a Question of Value? -- Cosmology and Verifiability -- Galileo and the Phenomena: On Making the Evidence Visible -- Quantum Theory of Measurement: A Non-Quantum Mechanical Approach -- Protophysics of Time and the Principle of Relativity -- Commentary on ‘Protophysics of Time and the Principle of Relativity’ -- Temporality and the Structure of Physics as Human Endeavor -- Commentary on ‘Temporality and the Structure of Physics as Human Endeavor’ -- The Unity of Nature -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: These essays on the conceptual understanding of modern physics strike directly at some of the principal difficulties faced by contemporary philos­ ophers of physical science. Moreover, they reverberate to earlier and classical struggles with those difficulties. Each of these essays may be seen as both a commentary on our predecessors and an original analytic interpretation. They come from work of the past decade, most from meetings of the Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science, and they demonstrate again how problematic the fundamentals of our understanding of nature still are. The themes will seem to be familiar but the variations are not only ingenious but also stimulating, in some ways counterpoint. And so once again we are confronted with issues of space and time, irreversibility and measurement, matter and process, hypothetical reality and verifiability, explanation and reduction, phenomenal base and sophisticated theory, unified science and the unity of nature, and the limits of conventionalism. We are grateful for the cooperation of our contributors, and in particular for the agreement of George Ellis and C. F. von Weizsiicker to allow us to use previously published papers.
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789400969605
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (287p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 21
    Serie: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 21
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Table of Contents: Volume II -- The New Dualism: “Res Philosophica” and “Res Historica” -- I -- Hippocrates and the School of Cos. Between Myth and Skepticism -- The Historical Hippocrates and the Origins of Scientific Medicine. Comments on Joly -- II -- What’s in a Word? Coming to Terms in the Darwinian Revolution -- Comments on Beatty -- Reply to Hull -- III -- The Politics of Truth: A Social Interpretation of Scientific Knowledge, with an Application to the Case of Sociobiology -- IV -- Anatomy of the Self in Psychoanalytic Theory -- The Unity of the Self -- Psychoanalysis, Personal Identity, and Scientific Method -- V -- Themes in British Psychiatry, J. C. Prichard (1785–1848) to Henry Maudsley (1835–1918) -- Comments on Bynum -- Name Index.
    Kurzfassung: These remarks preface two volumes consisting of the proceedings of the Third International Conference on the History and Philosophy of Science of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science. The conference was held under the auspices of the Union, The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, and the Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of Science. The meetings took place in Montreal, Canada, 25-29 August 1980, with Concordia University as host institution. The program of the conference was arranged by a Joint Commission of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science consisting of Robert E. Butts (Canada), John Murdoch (U. S. A. ), Vladimir Kirsanov (U. S. S. R. ), and Paul Weingartner (Austria). The Local Arrangements Committee consisted of Stanley G. French, Chair (Concordia), Michel Paradis, treasurer (McGill), Fran~ois Duchesneau (Universite de Montreal), Robert Nadeau (Universite du Quebec it Montreal), and William Shea (McGill University). Both committees are indebted to Dr. G. R. Paterson, then President of the Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of Science, who shared his expertise in many ways. Dr. French and his staff worked diligently and efficiently on behalf of all participants. The city of Montreal was, as always, the subtle mixture of extravagance, charm, warmth and excitement that retains her status as the jewel of Canadian cities. The funding of major international conferences is always a problem.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789400969575
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (344p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Feilds 20
    Serie: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 20
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Biology Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Biology—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Do Historians and Philosophers of Science Share the Same Heritage? -- I -- Conceptual and Technical Aspects of the Galilean Geometrization of the Motion of Heavy Bodies -- The Galilean Geometrization of Motion: Some Historical Considerations -- Measure, Proportion and Mathematical Structure of Galileo’s Mechanics -- II -- Space, Geometrical Objects and Infinity: Newton and Descartes on Extension -- Finite and Otherwise. Aristotle and Some Seven- teenth Century Views -- III -- The Ideal of the Mathematization of All Sciences and of ‘More Geometrico’ in Descartes and Leibniz -- The “More Geometrico” Pattern in Hypotheses from Descartes to Leibniz -- The Leibnizean Picture of Descartes -- IV -- Force and Inertia: Euler and Kant’s Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science -- Kant on the Foundations of Science -- Non-mechanistic Ideas in Physics and Philosophy: From Newton to Kant -- V -- V. V. Petrov’s Hypothetical Experiment and Electrical Experiments of the 18th Century -- The Ideal of Mathematization in B. Bolzano -- “Die schönste Leistung der allgemeinen Relativitäts- theorie”: The Genesis of the Tensor-Geometrical Conception of Gravitation.
    Kurzfassung: These remarks preface two volumes consisting of the proceedings of the Third International Conference on the History and Philosophy of Science of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science. The conference was held under the auspices of the Union, The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, and the Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of Science. The meetings took place in Montreal, Canada, 25--29 August 1980, with Concordia University as host institution. The program of the conference was arranged by a Joint Commission of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science consisting of Robert E. Butts (Canada), John Murdoch (U. S. A. ), Vladimir Kirsanov (U. S. S. R. ), and Paul Weingartner (Austria). The Local Arrangements Committee consisted of Stanley G. French, Chair (Concordia), Michel Paradis, treasurer (McGill), Franyois Duchesneau (Universite de Montreal), Robert Nadeau (Universite du Quebec a Montreal), and William Shea (McGill University). Both committees are indebted to Dr. G. R. Paterson, then President of the Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of Science, who shared his expertise in many ways. Dr. French and his staff worked diligently and efficiently on behalf of all participants. The city of Montreal was, as always, the subtle mixture of extravagance, charm, warmth and excitement that retains her status as the jewel of Canadian cities. The funding of major international conferences is always a problem.
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  • 48
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    ISBN: 9789400969513
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (332p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in the History of Modern Science 13
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    Schlagwort(e): Biology Philosophy ; History ; Biology—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: 1: Vital Materialism -- 2: The Concrete Formulation of the Program: From Vital Materialism to Developmental Morphology -- 3: Teleomechanism and the Cell Theory -- 4: The Functional Morphologists -- 5: Worlds in Collision -- 6: Teleomechanism and Darwin’s Theory -- Epilogue -- Notes -- Name Index.
    Kurzfassung: Teleological thinking has been steadfastly resisted by modern biology. And yet, in nearly every area of research biologists are hard pressed to find language that does not impute purposiveness to living forms. The life of the individual organism, if not life itself, seems to make use of a variety of strate gems in achieving its purposes. But in an age when physical models dominate our imagination and when physics itself has become accustomed to uncertainty relations and complementarity, biologists have learned to live with a kind of schizophrenic language, employing terms like 'selfish genes' and 'survival machines' to describe the behavior of organisms as if they were somehow purposive yet all the while intending that they are highly complicated mechanisms. The present study treats a period in the history of the life sciences when the imputation of purposiveness to biological organization was not regarded an embarrassment but rather an accepted fact, and when the principal goal was to reap the benefits of mechanistic explanations by finding a. means of in­ corporating them within the guidelines of a teleological fmmework. Whereas the history of German biology in the early nineteenth century is usually dismissed as an unfortunate era dominated by arid speculation, the present study aims to reverse that judgment by showing that a consistent, workable program of research was elaborated by a well-connected group of German biologists and that it was based squarely on the unification of teleological and mechanistic models of explanation.
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  • 49
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    ISBN: 9789400969865
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (352p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 2
    Serie: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 2
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    Schlagwort(e): Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: The Influence of Darwinism on English Literature and Literary Ideas -- Evolution and Educational Theory in the Nineteenth Century -- Darwin and the Descent of Women -- Darwinism and Feminism: The ‘Woman Question’ in the Life and Work of Olive Schreiner and Charlotte Perkins Gilman -- Darwin and Philosophy Today -- Darwinism and Language -- Evolutionism and Arch(a)eology -- Heinrich Schenker’s Epistemology and Philosophy of Music: An Essay on the Relations Between Evolutionary Theory and Music Theory -- Evolution: The Whitworth Gun in Huxley’s War for the Liberation of Science from Theology -- Evolutionism Transformed: Positivists and Materialists in the Sociätä d’ Anthropologic de Paris from Second Empire to Third Republic -- Notes on Contributors -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: Only in fairly recent years has History and Philosophy of Science been recognized - though not always under that name - as a distinct field of scholarly endeavour. Previously, in the Australasian region as elsewhere, those few individuals working within this broad area of inquiry found their base, both intellectually and socially, where they could. In fact, the institutionalization of History and Philosophy of Science began compara­ tively early in Australia. An initial lecturing appointment was made at the University of Melbourne immediately after the Second World War, in 1946, and other appointments followed as the subject underwent an expansion during the 1950s and '60s similar to that which took place in other parts of the world. Today there are major Departments at the University of Melbourne, the University of New South Wales and the University of Wollongong, and smaller groups active in many other parts of Australia, and in New Zealand. "Australasian Studies in History and Philosophy of Science" aims to provide a distinctive publication outlet for Australian and New Zealand scholars working in the general area of history, philosophy and social studies of science. Each volume will comprise a group of essays on a connected theme, edited by an Australian or a New Zealander with special expertise in that particular area. The series should, however, prove of more than merely local interest. Papers will address general issues; parochial topics will be avoided.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 0521224225
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: XX, 492 S. , Ill.
    Serie: Fontes historiae Africanae 4
    Serie: Series Arabica
    Serie: Fontes historiae Africanae / Series Arabica
    DDC: 966
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Geschichte 800-1500 ; Quelle ; Westafrika ; Geschichtsschreibung ; Arabisch ; Africa, West ; History ; To 1884 ; Sources ; Quelle ; Quelle ; Westafrika
    Anmerkung: Aus d. Arab. übers
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  • 51
    ISBN: 3515034285
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: X, 361 S.
    Serie: [Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Beihefte] 71
    Dissertationsvermerk: Zugl.: Münster, Univ., Diss., 1980
    DDC: 331.88/32/0943
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Geschichte 1250-1500 ; Geschichte 1348-1870 ; Geschichte 1300-1500 ; Geschichte 1300 ; Gezellen ; Gilden ; Middeleeuwen ; Geschichte ; Mittelalter ; Journey workers Societies, etc. ; History ; Gesellenbruderschaft ; Gesellenverein ; Deutschland ; Europa ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Gesellenbruderschaft ; Geschichte 1348-1870 ; Gesellenverein ; Geschichte 1300-1500 ; Gesellenbruderschaft ; Europa ; Geschichte 1250-1500 ; Geschichte 1300 ; Gesellenbruderschaft ; Europa ; Geschichte 1250-1500
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  • 52
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    ISBN: 9789400983977
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (220p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Vienna Circle Collection 15
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I. Introduction -- 1. The Present State of Value Theory -- 2. Absolutism and Empiricism with Respect to Value -- 3. Determination of Concepts -- II. Value Concepts -- 1. Logical Analysis: Material Content and Value Characteristic -- 2. The System of Values -- 3. The Hierarchy of Values -- III. Value as a Characteristic: A Psychological Analysis -- 1. Psychology of Value up to the Present -- 2. Evaluating and Adopting an Attitude -- 3. Development of the Characteristic of Value -- 4. Value as a Specific Characterization with Respect to Adopting an Attitude -- 5. Value Concepts, Value Judgements, and Valuation -- 6. The Sources of Distinction -- IV. Value Judgements -- 1. The Meaning of Impersonal Value Judgements -- 2. The Validity of Impersonal Value Judgements: Super-Individual Value -- V. The Science of Value -- Postscript (1973) -- Bibliography of the Writings of Victor Kraft -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: In English-speaking countries Victor Kraft is known principally for his account of the Vienna Circle. ! That group of thinkers has exercised in recent decades a significant influence not only on the philosophy of the western world, but also, at least indirectly, on that of the East, where there is now taking place a slow but clearly irresistible erosion of dogmatic Marxism by ways of think­ ing derived from a modem scientific conception of the world. Kraft's work as historian of the Vienna Circle has led to his being classed, without further qua1ification, as a neo-positivist philosopher. It is, however, only partially correct to count him as such. To be sure, he belonged to the group named, he took part in its meetings, and he drew from it suggestions central to his own work; but he did not belong to the hard core of the Circle and was a con­ scious opponent of certain radical tendencies espoused, at least from time to time, by some of its members. Evidence of this is provided by the theory of value now presented in English translation, since no less a thinker than Rudolf Carnap had, originally at any rate, obeyed a very narrowly conceived criterion of sense and declared value judgements to be senseless.
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  • 53
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    ISBN: 9789400983663
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (366p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomenological Research 11
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    Schlagwort(e): Phenomenology ; History
    Kurzfassung: I: The Great Chain of Being in Phenomenology -- A. The Great Chain of Being and Creative Imagination -- Existence and Order -- Exposition: Man-the-Creator and the “Prototype of Action” -- B. Upstream Enquiries -- Le problème de l’être dans la phénoménologie de Husserl -- Les degrés de l’être chez saint Thomas d’Aquin -- Leibniz et la chaîne des êtres -- Kant, Nicolai Hartmann, and the Great Chain of Being -- The “Great Chain of Being” in Scheler’s Philosophy -- Edith Stein on the “Order and Chain of Being” -- The Degrees of Being from the Point of View of the Phenomenology of Action -- Annex Program of the Roman Symposium (27–28 March 1976) -- II: Italian Phenomenology A. Phenomenology And The Human Sciences -- A. Phenomenology and the Human Sciences -- Phenomenology and Science: An Annotated Bibliography of Work in Italy -- Epistemological and Phenomenological Considerations about the Natural Sciences in the Thought of E. Husserl -- Moral Philosophy and the Human Sciences -- On the Psychopathology of the Life-World -- Some Indications toward a Phenomenologically Oriented Approach to Child Neuropsychiatry -- Phenomenology of the Schizophrenic Split -- B. Husserlian Investigations -- The Language Problem in Husserl’s Phenomenology -- The Phenomenology of External Objects according to Ding und Raum -- Reawakening and Resistance: A Stoic Source of the Husserlian Epoché -- The Phenomenology of Religion as a Science and as a Philosophy -- Einfühlung und Intersubjektivität bei Edith Stein und bei Husserl -- Annex: Conference Program (Viterbo, 24–25 February 1979) -- Index Of Names.
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  • 54
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    ISBN: 9789400981058
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The Developments Series
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Determination of Static Corrections -- 2. Vibroseis Processing -- 3. The l1 Norm in Seismic Data Processing -- 4. Predictive Deconvolution -- 5. Exploration for Geothermal Energy -- 6. Migration.
    Kurzfassung: One facet of development in this field is that the methods of gathering and processing geophysical data, and displaying results, lead to presentations which are more and more comprehensible geologically. Expressed in another way, the work of the interpreter becomes progressively less onerous. The contributions in this collection of original papers illustrate this direction of development, especially in seismic prospecting. If one could carry out to perfection the steps of spiking deconvolution, migration and time--depth conversion, then the seismic section would be as significant geologically as a cliff-face, and as easy to understand. Perhaps this is not yet achieved, but it remains an objective, brought closer by work such as that described by the authors. The editor offers his best thanks to the contributors-busy geophysicists who have written with erudition on this range of subjects of current interest. A. A. FITCH v CONTENTS Preface v List of Contributors IX 1. Determination of Static Corrections A. W. ROGERS 2. Vibroseis Processing 37 P. KIRK The 11 Norm in Seismic Data Processing 53 3. H. L. TAYLOR 4. Predictive Deconvolution 77 E. A. ROBINSON 5. Exploration for Geothermal Energy 107 G. V. KELLER 6. Migration 151 P. HOOD Index 231 vii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS P. HOOD Geophysicist, Geophysics Research Branch, The British Petroleum Co. Ltd, Britannic House, Moor Lane, London EC2Y 9BU, UK.
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  • 55
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401173391
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Pollution Monitoring Series
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Chemistry and Biochemistry of Trace Metals in Biological Systems -- 2 Lead: Understanding the Minimal Toxicity of Lead in Plants -- 3 Cadmium -- 4 Copper -- 5 Zinc -- 6 Nickel -- 7 Other Trace Metals -- 8 Metalloids.
    Kurzfassung: Trace metals occur as natural constituents of the earth's crust, and are ever present constituents of soils, natural waters and living matter. The biological significance of this disparate assemblage of elements has gradually been uncovered during the twentieth century; the resultant picture is one of ever-increasing complexity. Several of these elements have been demonstrated to be essential to the functions of living organisms, others appear to only interact with living matter in a toxic manner, whilst an ever-decreasing number do not fall conveniently into either category. When the interactions between trace metals and plants are considered, one must take full account of the known chemical properties of each element. Consideration must be given to differences in chemical reactivity, solubility and to interactions with other inorganic and organic molecules. A clear understanding of the basic chemical properties of an element of interest is an essential pre-requisite to any subsequent consideration of its biological significance. Due consideration to basic chemical considerations is a theme which runs through the collection of chapters in both volumes.
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  • 56
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    ISBN: 9789400981027
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Energy from Wastes Series
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods of production of fuels from biomass -- Physical and physico-chemical methods -- Biological methods -- 3 The microbiology and biochemistry of anaerobic digestion -- The microbial population in general -- The breakdown of carbohydrates -- The breakdown of nitrogenous compounds -- The breakdown of fats -- Minor bacterial reactions -- Methane production -- Factors affecting the rates of growth and activities of digester bacteria and interactions amongst the bacteria -- Conclusions -- 4 Types of digesters: theoretical aspects and modelling of digester systems and deviations from theory -- Biological models -- The Engineering Model -- The Economic Model -- 5 Types of digesters being constructed and the operation of digesters -- Starting a digestion -- The single-stage stirred-tank digester -- The contact digester -- Anaerobic filters -- The upflow sludge-blanket digester -- The fluidised-bed digester -- Digesters for agricultural wastes and vegetable matter -- Gas-holders and gas handling -- Safety precautions and tests with digesters -- 6 Uses of digested sludge -- Use as fertiliser -- Use in animal feedstuffs -- 7 Biogas production—laboratory and pilot-plant experiments -- General—the apparatus -- Domestic sewage -- Domestic garbage -- Industrial wastes -- Agricultural wastes -- Conclusions -- 8 Energy production by practical-scale digesters -- Domestic and municipal sewage -- Domestic garbage with sewage sludge -- Other wastes -- Appendix 1 Photographs of full-scale working digesters -- Appendix 2 Some estimates of wastes available for biogas or other fuel production -- Appendix 3 Glossary of terms.
    Kurzfassung: This volume in the Energy from Wastes Series covers the area of methane production from agricultural and domestic wastes. Principally this involves the conversion of excreta and other organic effluents to a valuable gaseous fuel plus, in many cases, a useful sludge for fertiliser or feedstuffs. Dr Hobson and his colleagues have written a comprehensive text on the principles of microbiological processes and the biochemistry of anaerobic digestion, embracing the design of digesters with examples of current working installations. The potential for anaerobic digestion of wastes as diverse as sewage to fruit processing effluents is also reviewed. This work should be of interest to all who have to manage organic waste treatment and disposal, as well as to a wider readership who wish to know more about methane production by anaerobic digestion. ANDREW PORTEOUS v Preface The production of methane, or more exactly, a flammable 'biogas' containing methane and carbon dioxide, by microbiological methods ('anaerobic digestion') is not new. The reactions have been in industrial use for over a hundred years, but only in sewage purification processes. In some times of national stress, such as war-time, the microbiological production of gas purely for fuel has been investigated, but with the resumption of plentiful su pplies of fossil fuels the investigations have faded awa y.
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  • 57
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    ISBN: 9789401717243
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVI, 270 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Suppl.: Rezensiert in Reeves, Marjorie REVIEWS 1983
    Suppl.: Rezensiert in Bitton, Davis [Rezension von: Kuntz, Marion L., Guillaume Postel: Prophet of the Restitution of All Things. His Life and Thought...] 1983
    Serie: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idees 98
    Serie: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 98
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    Schlagwort(e): Humanities ; History
    Kurzfassung: One: Viator -- Two: Comprehensor -- Three: Congregator.
    Kurzfassung: Gui 11 aume Postel was undoubtedly one of the most remarkab 1 e and interesting scholars and thinkers of the sixteenth century. His know­ ledge of Hebrew and Arabic was rare among his contemporaries, as was his study and use of the Rabbinical, Cabalistic and Islamic literature pre­ served in these languages. His attempt to harmonize Christian, Jewish and Mbhammedan thought give him an important place in the history of re­ ligious tolerance, whereas his prophecies about a universal religion and a universal monarchy seem to anticipate more recent ideas of a world state and of general peace. In his prophecies, Postel assigned a unique role to himself and to a pious 1 ady whom he met in Venice and whom he lavishly praises in all his later writings. Admired and respected by many contemporary scholars and princes in France, Italy and Germany, he also aroused the suspicions of the religious and political authorities of his time who considered him dangerous but mad and thus spared his life, but confined him to a monastery for many years. His numerous writ­ ings survive in rare editions and manuscripts, and the later copies of some of his works show that he continued to be read and to exercise much influence down to the eighteenth century.
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789401727662
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIV, 332 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 146
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Why Do We Find the Origin of a Calculus of Probabilities in the Seventeenth Century? -- Some Remarks on the Calculus of Probability in the Eighteenth Century -- Probability and the Problem of Induction -- Probabilities and Causes: On Life Tables, Causes of Death, and Etiological Diagnoses -- From the Emergence of Probability to the Erosion of Determinism -- John Venn’s Logic of Chance -- Robert Leslie Ellis and the Frequency Theory -- Reduction as a Problem: Some Remarks on the History of Statistical Mechanics from a Philosophical Point of View -- Boltzmann’s Conception of Theory Construction: The Promotion of Pluralism, Provisionalism, and Pragmatic Realism -- The Mach-Boltzmann Controversy and Maxwell’s Views on Physical Reality -- Boltzmann, Mach and Russian Physicists of the Late Nineteenth Century -- An Example of a Theory-Frame: Equilibrium Thermodynamics -- What Have the History and Philosophy of Science to Do for One Another? -- A Comment on E. Agazzi, ‘What Have the History and Philosophy of Science to Do for One Another?’ -- Methodology and the Functional Identity of Science and Philosophy -- On Making History -- A Comment on J.D. North, ‘On Making History’ -- Reply to J.D. North, ‘On Making History’ -- Influences of Some Concepts of Biology on Progress in Philosophy -- Philosophy of Science, History of Science, and Science of Science -- Interrelations between History of Science and Philosophy of Science in Research in the Development of Technical Sciences -- From History of Science to Theory of Science: An Essay on V.I. Vernadsky’s Work (1863–1945) -- Utility versus Truth: At Least One Reflection on the Importance of the Philosophy of Science for the History of Science -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: The two volumes to which this is apreface consist of the Proceedings of the Second International Conference on History and Philosophy of Science. The Conference was organized by the Joint Commission of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science (IUHPS) under the auspices of the IUHPS, the Italian Society for Logic and Philosophy of Science, and the Domus Galilaeana of Pisa, headed by Professor Vincenzo Cappelletti. Domus Galilaeana also served as the host institution, with some help from the University of Pisa. The Conference took place in Pisa, Italy, on September 4-8, 1978. The editors of these two volumes of the Proceedings of the Pisa Conference acknowledge with gratitude the help by the different sponsoring organizations, and in the first place that by both Divisions of the IUHPS, which made the Conference possible. A special recognition is due to Professor Evandro Agazzi, President of the Italian Society for Logic and Philosophy of Science, who was co­ opted as an additional member of the Organizing Committee. This committee was otherwise identical with the Joint Commission, whose members were initially John Murdoch, John North, Arpad Szab6, Robert Butts, Jaakko Hintikka, and Vadim Sadovsky. Later, Erwin Hiebert and Lubos Novy were appointed as additional members.
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  • 59
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    ISBN: 9789401094269
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (466p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Vienna Circle Collection 14
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: 1. No Pot of Message [1974a] -- 2. The Origin and Spirit of Logical Positivism [1969a] -- 3. The Power of Positivistic Thinking [1963b] -- 4. The Wiener Kreis in America [1969d] -- 5. Scientific Method without Metaphysical Presuppositions [1954] -- 6. Probability and Experience [1930] -- 7. Meaning and Validity of Physical Theories [1929] -- 8. Confirmability and Confirmation [1951a] -- 9. The Logical Character of the Principle of Induction [1934a] -- 10. What Hume Might Have Said to Kant [1964a] -- 11. Operationism and Scientific Method (and Rejoinder) [1945a] and [1945b] -- 12. Existential Hypotheses [1950b] -- 13. Logical Reconstruction, Realism and Pure Semiotic [1950c] -- 14. De Principiis Non Disputandum… ? [1950a] -- 15. Empiricism at Bay? [1971e] -- 16. The Mind-Body Problem in the Development of Logical Empiricism [1950d] -- 17. Physicalism, Unity of Science and the Foundations of Psychology [1963d] -- 18. Mind-Body, Not a Pseudoproblem [1960] -- 19. Some Crucial Issues of Mind-Body Monism [1971a] -- 20. Naturalism and Humanism [1949a] -- 21. Validation and Vindication: An Analysis of the Nature and the Limits of Ethical Arguments [1952] -- 22. Everybody Talks about the Temperature [1964c] -- 23. Is Science Relevant to Theology? [1966a] -- 24. Ethics, Religion, and Scientific Humanism [1969e] -- Bibliography of Works Cited -- Bibliography of Herbert Feigl -- Name Index.
    Kurzfassung: The title is his own. Herbert Feigl, the provocateur and the soul (if we may put it so) of modesty, wrote to me some years ago, "I'm more of a catalyst than producer of new and original ideas all my life . . . ", but then he com­ pleted the self-appraisal: " . . . with just a few exceptions perhaps". We need not argue for the creative nature of catalysis, but will simply remark that there are 'new and original ideas' in the twenty-four papers selected for this volume, in the extraordinary aperrus of the 25-year-old Feigl in his Vienna dissertation of 1927 on Zufall und Gesetz, in the creative critique and articulation in his classical monograph of 1958 on The 'Mental' and the 'Physical'; and the reader will want to turn to some of the seventy other titles in our Feigl bibliography appended. Professor Feigl has been a model philosophical worker: above all else, honest, self-aware, open-minded and open-hearted; keenly, devotedly, and even arduously the student of the sciences, he has been a logician and an empiricist. Early on, he brought the Vienna Circle to America, and much later he helped to bring it back to Central Europe. The story of the logical empiricist movement, and of Herbert Feigl's part in it, has often been told, importantly by Feigl himself in four papers we have included here.
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9789400984646
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (436p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in the History of Modern Science 8
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    Schlagwort(e): History ; Anthropology
    Kurzfassung: I. Prologue -- II. Rivers, Severed Nerves and Genealogies -- III. Rivers and Ambrym -- IV. Rivers and Diffusionism -- V. The Diffusion Controversy -- VI. Ambrym — The Test Case -- VII. Radcliffe-Brown -- VIII. Conclusion -- Notes and References -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: The nature of that transition to maturity [a transition involving "The acquisition of the sort of paradigm that identifies challenging puzzles, supplies clues to their solution, and guarantees that the truly clever practitioner will succeed") deserves fuller discussion than it has received in this book, particularly from those concerned with the development of the contemporary social sciences. (Thomas S. Kuhn, 1969, Postscript to The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. ) The fIrst two or three decades of the twentieth-century represents a shadowy period in the history of science. For most contemporary scientists, the period is a little too far away to be the subject of a fIrst-hand oral tradition; while at the same time it is not suffIciently remote to have acquired the epic and oversimplifIed contour of history which has been transformed into mythol­ ogy. Historians of science, by contrast, who want to free themselves from the mythology which is used to legitimize the present state of the discipline, are interested in discovering what really happened, and how it was regarded at the time. For them the nature of science in the early twentieth-century is obscured by what they regard as its proximity in time, and they are disturbed by a general lack of depth in scholarly work in the area, which makes it diffI­ cult to see the period in proper perspective.
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9789400984042
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (392p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 62
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 62
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Kurzfassung: I: Medieval Prologue -- 1. The Philosophical Setting of Medieval Science -- 2. The Medieval Accomplishment in Mechanics and Optics -- II: The Sixteenth-Century Achievement -- 3. The Development of Mechanics to the Sixteenth Century -- 4. The Concept of Motion in the Sixteenth Century -- 5. The Calculatores in the Sixteenth Century -- 6. The Enigma of Domingo de Soto -- 7. Causes and Forces at the Collegio Romano -- III: Galileo in the Sixteenth-Century Context -- 8. Galileo and Reasoning Ex suppositione -- 9. Galileo and the Thomists -- 10. Galileo and the Doctores Parisienses -- 11. Galileo and the Scotists -- 12. Galileo and Albertus Magnus -- 13. Galileo and the Causality of Nature -- IV: From Medieval to Early Modern Science -- 14. Pierre Duhem: Galileo and the Science of Motion -- 15. Anneliese Maier: Galileo and Theories of Impetus -- 16. Ernest Moody: Galileo and Nominalism -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: Can it be true that Galilean studies will be without end, without conclusion, that each interpreter will find his own Galileo? William A. Wallace seems to have a historical grasp which will have to be matched by any further workers: he sees directly into Galileo's primary epoch of intellectual formation, the sixteenth century. In this volume, Wallace provides the companion to his splendid annotated translation of Galileo 's Early Notebooks: The Physical Questions (University of Notre Dame Press, 1977), pointing to the 'realist' sources, mainly unearthed by the author himself during the past two decades. Explicit controversy arises, for the issues are serious: nominalism and realism, two early rivals for the foundation of knowledge, contend at the birth of modem science, OI better yet, contend in our modem efforts to understand that birth. Related to this, continuity and discontinuity, so opposed to each other, are interwoven in the interpretive writings ever since those striking works of Duhem in the first years of this century, and the later studies of Annaliese Maier, Alexandre Koyre and E. A. Moody. Historio­ grapher as well as philosopher, WaUace has critically supported the continuity of scientific development without abandoning the revolutionary transforma­ tive achievement of Galileo's labors. That continuity had its contemporary as well as developmental quality; and we note that William Wallace's Prelude studies are complementary to Maurice A.
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  • 62
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    ISBN: 9789401173704
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , digital
    Ausgabe: Second Edition
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Fundamentals of Naval Science Series 4
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 The Art of Navigation -- 2 The Shipboard Navigation Department Organization -- Duties of the Navigator -- Relationship of the Navigator to the Command Structure -- The Navigator’s Staff -- 3 The Piloting Team -- The Navigator and His Plotter -- The Bearing Recorder -- The Bearing Taker -- The Radar Operator -- The Echo Sounder Operator -- The Piloting Team Routine -- Conclusion -- 4 The Nautical Chart -- The Terrestrial Coordinate System -- Chart Projections -- Chart Interpretation 26 Determination of Position, Distance, and Direction on a Mercator Chart -- Production of Nautical Charts -- The Chart Numbering System -- The Chart Correction System -- Summary -- 5 Navigational Publications -- Catalog of Nautical Charts, Publication No. 1-N -- NOS Nautical Chart Catalogs -- Coast Pilots -- Sailing Directions -- Fleet Guides -- Light List -- List of Lights -- Tide and Tidal Current Tables -- Pilot Charts -- Distance Between Ports, Publication No. 151 -- Almanacs -- Reference Texts and Manuals -- Publication Correction System -- Summary -- 6 Visual Navigation Aids -- Characteristics of Lighted Navigation Aids -- Identifying a Navigational Light -- Computing the Visibility of a Light -- Buoys and Beacons -- The U.S. Lateral System -- The IALA Combined Cardinal and Lateral System -- Use of Buoys and Beacons During Piloting -- Summary -- 7 Navigational Instruments -- The Measurement of Direction -- Measurement of Distance -- Measurement of Speed -- Measurement of Depth -- Plotting Instruments -- Miscellaneous Instruments -- Summary -- 8 Dead Reckoning -- Determining the Fix -- Principles of the Dead Reckoning Plot -- The Running Fix -- The Estimated Position -- The Track -- Summary -- 9 Shipboard Compasses -- The Magnetic Compass -- The Gyrocompass -- Summary -- 10 Radar -- Characteristics of a Surface-Search/Navigational Radar -- The Radar Output Display -- Interpretation of a Radarscope Presentation -- Use of Radar During Piloting -- Summary -- 11 Tide -- Causes of Tide -- Types of Tides -- Tidal Reference Planes -- Predicting Height of Tide -- The Bridge Problem -- The Shoal Problem -- Effect of Unusual Meteorological Conditions -- Summary -- 12 Current -- Ocean Current -- Tidal Current -- Wind-driven Currents -- Summary -- 13 Current Sailing -- The Estimated Current Triangle -- Solving the Estimated Current Triangle -- The Estimated Position Allowing for Current -- Determining an EP from a Running Fix -- The Actual Current Triangle -- Summary -- 14 Precise Piloting and Anchoring -- Ship’s Handling Characteristics -- Use of Advance and Transfer During Piloting -- Anchoring -- Summary -- 15 Voyage Planning -- Time -- The Voyage-Planning Process -- Optimum Track Ship Routing -- Miscellaneous Considerations -- Summary -- Appendix A. Chart No. 1 285 -- Appendix B. Abbreviations and Symbols Commonly Used in Piloting.
    Kurzfassung: Throughout the history of warfare at sea, navigation has been an important basic determinant of victory. Occasionally, new members of the fraternity of the sea will look upon navigation as a chore to be tolerated only as long as it takes to find someone else to assume the responsibility. In my experience, such individuals never make good naval officers. Commander Hobbs has succeeded in bringing together the information and practical skills required for that individual who would take the first step down the road toward becoming a competent marine navigator. At the outset of this book, the author stresses the necessity for safe navigation, but there is another basic tenet of sea warfare that this book serves. The best weapons system man has ever devised cannot function effectively unless it knows where it is in relation to the real world, where it is in relation to the enemy, and where the enemy is in relation to the real world. Not all defeats can be attributed to this lack of information, but no victories have been won by those who did not know where they were.
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  • 63
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    ISBN: 9789400959026
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Techniques in Visible and Ultraviolet Spectometry 2
    Serie: Techniques in Visible and Ultraviolet Spectrometry 2
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 General considerations on fluorescence spectrometry -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Molecular photochemistry -- 1.3 Fluorescence instrumentation -- 1.4 Good spectroscopic practice -- 1.5 Fluorescence intensities -- 1.6 Nomenclature in fluorescence spectrometry -- 2 Monochromator wavelength calibration -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Characteristics of calibration methods -- 2.3 Use of spectral lines from the spectrometer light source -- 2.4 Use of an auxiliary light source -- 2.5 Use of narrow bandwidth fluorescence maxima of inorganic and organic solutes -- 2.6 Conclusions and recommendations -- 3 Stray light in fluorescence spectrometers -- 3.1 Origins of stray light and resultant errors -- 3.2 Stray light in grating monochromators -- 3.3 Summary and recommendations -- 4 Criteria for fluorescence spectrometer sensitivity -- 4.1 Background: inter-instrument comparisons -- 4.2 The limit of detection method -- 4.3 The signal-to-noise ratio method -- 4.4 Summary and recommendations -- 5 Inner filter effects, sample cells and their geometry in fluorescence spectrometry -- 5.1 Inner filter effects -- 5.2 Sample cells -- 5.3 Recommendations -- 6 Temperature effects and photodecomposition in fluorescence spectrometry -- 6.1 Errors caused by temperature effects -- 6.2 Countermeasures and recommendations for temperature effects -- 6.3 Errors caused by photolysis effects -- 6.4 Countermeasures and recommendations -- 7 Correction o excitation and emission spectra -- 7.1 Introduction: the need for correction procedures -- 7.2 Excitation spectra -- 7.3 Emission spectra -- 7.4 Polarization effects -- 7.5 Recommendations -- 8 The determination of quantum yields -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Primary methods of determining quantum yields -- 8.3 Secondary methods of determining quantum yields: use of fluorescence standards -- 8.4 Other methods of determining quantum yields -- 8.5 Summary and recommendations -- Appendix Corrected excitation and emission spectra.
    Kurzfassung: The Photoelectric Spectrometry Group was formed in July 1948 in Cambridge. The Group was born out of a need for a forum of users to discuss problems and methodology associated with the new era of photoelectric spectrometers. Over the years the aims and objectives of the Group have been broadened to include many aspects of ultraviolet and visible spectrometry. In 1973, the Group renamed itself the UV Spectrometry Group (UVSG). The techniques of fluorescence, diffuse reflectance, ORD and CD were included in the Group's interest. In 1979, the UVSG became a registered charity. The present Group membership is some 200 practising spectroscopists, mostly from the UK with a small but growing overseas membership. In August 1977, the UVSG Committee set up three Working Parties: Cells for UV-Visible Spectrophotometers; Photometric and Wavelength Standards; and the Calibration of Fluorimeters. It was felt that a wealth of information and expertise in the practice of spectrometry was available within the Group and that it was appropriate for this to be gathered together in the form of a number of monographs. Initially the intention was that these should be circulated only amongst the Group membership. However, the suggestion was made that these monographs would be of interest to other scientists outside our specialist Group. The conclusions of the first two Working Parties were combined in Volume 1 of this series, and this monograph summarizes the work of the third Working Party.
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  • 64
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    ISBN: 9789401572880
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XI, 260 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The University of Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 19
    Serie: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 19
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Introduction -- 2. The Sources of Modern Methodology: Two Models of Change -- 3. A Revisionist Note on the Methodological Significance of Galilean Mechanics -- 4. The Clock Metaphor and Hypotheses: The Impact of Descartes on English Methodological Thought, 1650–1670 -- 5. John Locke on Hypotheses: Placing The Essay in the ‘Scientific Tradition’ -- 6. Hume (and Hacking) on Induction -- 7. Thomas Reid and the Newtonian Turn of British Methodological Thought -- 8. The Epistemology of Light: Some Methodological Issues in the Subtle Fluids Debate -- 9. Towards a Reassessment of Comte’s ‘Méthode Positive’ -- 10. William Whewell on the Consilience of Inductions -- 11. Why was the Logic of Discovery Abandoned? -- 12. A Note on Induction and Probability in the 19th Century -- 13. Ernst Mach’s Opposition to Atomism -- 14. Peirce and the Trivialization of the Self-Corrective Thesis -- Bibliographic Note -- Index of Names.
    Kurzfassung: This book consists of a collection of essays written between 1965 and 1981. Some have been published elsewhere; others appear here for the first time. Although dealing with different figures and different periods, they have a common theme: all are concerned with examining how the method of hy­ pothesis came to be the ruling orthodoxy in the philosophy of science and the quasi-official methodology of the scientific community. It might have been otherwise. Barely three centuries ago, hypothetico­ deduction was in both disfavor and disarray. Numerous rival methods for scientific inquiry - including eliminative and enumerative induction, analogy and derivation from first principles - were widely touted. The method of hypothesis, known since antiquity, found few proponents between 1700 and 1850. During the last century, of course, that ordering has been inverted and - despite an almost universal acknowledgement of its weaknesses - the method of hypothesis (usually under such descriptions as 'hypothetico­ deduction' or 'conjectures and refutations') has become the orthodoxy of the 20th century. Behind the waxing and waning of the method of hypothesis, embedded within the vicissitudes of its fortunes, there is a fascinating story to be told. It is a story that forms an integral part of modern science and its philosophy.
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  • 65
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    ISBN: 9789400985582
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (339p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 69
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 69
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I: Causation -- 1. The Knowledge Context Kzt -- 2. The Language Framework:L or L?? -- 3. Syntax. Semantics, and Ontology -- II: Explanation -- 4. Statistical Explanation and Statistical Relevance -- 5. A Single Case Theory of Causal Explanation -- 6. The Dispositional Construction of Theories -- III: Corroboration -- 7. The Justification of Induction -- 8. Confirmation and Corroboration -- 9. Acceptance and Rejection Rules -- 10. Rationality and Fallibility -- References -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: With this defense of intensional realism as a philosophical foundation for understanding scientific procedures and grounding scientific knowledge, James Fetzer provides a systematic alternative to much of recent work on scientific theory. To Fetzer, the current state of understanding the 'laws' of nature, or the 'law-like' statements of scientific theories, appears to be one of philosophical defeat; and he is determined to overcome that defeat. Based upon his incisive advocacy of the single-case propensity interpretation of probability, Fetzer develops a coherent structure within which the central problems of the philosophy of science find their solutions. Whether the reader accepts the author's contentions may, in the end, depend upon ancient choices in the interpretation of experience and explanation, but there can be little doubt of Fetzer's spirited competence in arguing for setting ontology before epistemology, and within the analysis of language. To us, Fetzer's ambition is appealing, fusing, as he says, the substantive commitment of the Popperian with the conscientious sensitivity of the Hempelian to the technical precision required for justified explication. To Fetzer, science is the objective pursuit of fallible general knowledge. This innocent character­ ization, which we suppose most scientists would welcome, receives a most careful elaboration in this book; it will demand equally careful critical con­ sideration. Center for the Philosophy and ROBERT S. COHEN History of Science, MARX W. WARTOFSKY Boston University October 1981 v TABLE OF CONTENTS EDITORIAL PREFACE v FOREWORD xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xv PART I: CAUSATION 1.
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  • 66
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    ISBN: 9789401164566
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 65
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 65
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Introduction: Science in Its Social Setting -- 2. The Present State of the Philosophy of Science -- 3. Was Wittgenstein Really Necessary? -- 4. Epistemology as an Aid to Science -- 5. Externalism -- 6. The Autonomy of Science -- 7. The Legitimation of Science -- 8. Sociologism in Philosophy of Science -- 9. Revolutions in Science, Occasional or Permanent? -- 10. Cultural Lag in Science -- 11. Storage and Communication of Knowledge -- 12. The Economics of Scientific Publications -- 13. Revising the Referee System -- 14. Scientific Schools and Their Success -- 15. Genius in Science -- 16. Scientists as Sleepwalkers -- 17. The Logic of Scientific Inquiry -- 18. The Choice of Scientific Problems -- 19. Between Metaphysics and Methodology -- 20. Research Project -- 21. The Methodology of Research Projects: A Sketch -- 22. Continuity and Discontinuity in the History of Science -- 23. Three Views of the Renaissance of Science -- 24. On Explaining the Trial of Galileo -- 25. The Origins of the Royal Society -- 26. The Ideological Import of Newton -- 27. Sir John Herschel’s Philosophy of Success -- 28. What Makes for a Scientific Golden Age? -- 29. Max Weber’s Scientific Religion -- 30. On Pursuing the Unattainable -- 31. Faith Has Nothing to do With Rationality -- 32. Rationality and the Tu Quoque Argument -- 33. Technocracy and Scientific Progress -- 34. Standards to Live By -- Bibliography of Joseph Agasssi -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: "If a science has to be supported by fraudulent means, let it perish. " With these words of Kepler, Agassi plunges into the actual troubles and glories of science (321). The SOciology of science is no foreign intruder upon scientific knowledge in these essays, for we see clearly how Agassi transforms the tired internalistJexternalist debate about the causal influences in the history of science. The social character of the entire intertwined epistemological and practical natures of the sciences is intrinsic to science and itself split: the internal sociology within science, the external sociology of the social setting without. Agassi sees these social matters in the small as well as the large: from the details of scientific communication, changing publishing as he thinks to 'on-demand' centralism with less waste (Ch. 12), to the colossal tension of romanticism and rationality in the sweep of historical cultures. Agassi is a moral and political philosopher of science, defending, dis­ turbing, comprehending, criticizing. For him, science in a society requires confrontation, again and again, with issues of autonomy vs. legitimation as the central problem of democracy. And furthermore, devotion to science, pace Popper, Polanyi, and Weber, carries preoccupational dangers: Popper's elitist rooting out of 'pseudo-science', Weber's hard-working obsessive . com­ mitment to science. See Agassi's Weberian gloss on the social psychology of science in his provocative 'picture of the scientist as maniac' (437).
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  • 67
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    ISBN: 9789401576604
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VII, 145 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 21
    Serie: Synthese Historical Library 21
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    Schlagwort(e): Humanities ; History
    Kurzfassung: 1 / Absolute and Relational Theories of Space -- 2 / Kant’s Leibnizian Heritage -- 3 / Incongruent Counterparts and the Nature of Space -- 4 / Incongruent Counterparts and the Nature of Sensibility -- 5 / Incongruent Counterparts and Things in Themselves -- 6 / Kant’s Metaphysics of Space and Motion -- Conclusion / The Significance of Incongruent Counterparts.
    Kurzfassung: Kantian transcendental idealism is the thesis that fundamental aspects of experience are contributed by the perceiving subject rather than by the things experienced, and are not features of things as they exist independently of sensible perceivers. This is undoubtedly the most striking and at the same time the most puzzling of Kant's Critical views. It is striking because nothing could be less commonsensical than the beliefthat things as we perceive them have nothing in common with things as they are independently ofbeing per­ ceived. From a more technical point of viewthe doctrine is puzzling because Kant apparently does not support it very well. Beginning with Kant's con­ temporaries, critics have pointed out that among all the arguments for the theory in the CritiqueofPureReason, none entails the conclusion that things in themselves cannot be like objects of sense experience in any way. So, for example, although transcendental idealism is compatible with Kant's theory of synthetic a priori knowledge, there is nothing in the analysis of the syn­ thetic a priori ruling out the possibility that features contributed to experi­ ence by the perceiving subject correspond to characteristics of things in them­ selves, although we might never know this to be so. And even though Kant sees transcendental idealism as a solution to the Antinomies, this is at best indirect support for the view;there are undoubtedly other ways to get around these traditional metaphysical puzzles.
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  • 68
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    ISBN: 9789400958838
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 146 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- 2 Molecular factors that modify pKa values -- 3 Methods of pKa prediction -- 4 Prediction of pKa values of substituted aliphatic acids and bases -- 5 Prediction of pKa values for phenols, aromatic carboxylic acids and aromatic amines -- 6 Further applications of Hammett and Taft equations -- 7 Some more difficult cases -- 8 Extension of the Hammett and Taft equations -- 9 Examples where prediction presents difficulties -- 10 Recapitulation of the main pKa prediction methods -- A.1 Substituent constants for the Hammett and Taft equations -- A.4 Special sigma constants for para substituents -- A.6 Sigma constants for heteroatoms in heterocyclic rings -- References.
    Kurzfassung: Many chemists and biochemists require to know the ionization constants of organic acids and bases. This is evident from the Science Citation Index which lists The Determination of Ionization Constants by A. Albert and E. P. Serjeant (1971) as one of the most widely quoted books in the chemical literature. Although, ultimately, there is no satisfactory alternative to experimental measurement, it is not always convenient or practicable to make the necessary measure­ ments and calculations. Moreover, the massive pK. compilations currently available provide values for only a small fraction of known or possible acids or bases. For example, the compilations listed in Section 1. 3 give pK. data for some 6 000--8 000 acids, whereas if the conservative estimate is made that there are one hundred different substituent groups available to substitute in the benzene ring of benzoic acid, approximately five million tri-substituted benzoic acids are theoretically possible. Thus we have long felt that it is useful to consider methods by which a pK. value might be predicted as an interim value to within several tenths of a pH unit using arguments based on linear free energy relationships, by analogy, by extrapolation, by interpolation from existing data, or in some other way. This degree of precision may be adequate for many purposes such as the recording of spectra of pure species (as anion, neutral molecule or cation), for selection of conditions favourable to solvent extraction, and for the interpretation of pH-profiles for organic reactions.
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789400984318
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (208p) , digital
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    Serie: Studies in the History of Modern Science 7
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    Schlagwort(e): History
    Kurzfassung: I. The Young Republic -- II. Ancient Science -- III. The Period of Transition -- IV. The Dutch Teachers of Mathematics and Navigation -- V. Simon Stevin -- VI. The New Science -- VII. Descartes -- VIII. Christiaan Huygens -- IX. The Living World -- X. Colonial Science -- XI. Into the Age of Boerhaave -- Notes.
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  • 70
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    ISBN: 9789400959415
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (79 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Second edition
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Outline Studies in Biology
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Regional cerebral metabolism -- 1.2 Cerebral requirements for glucose and oxygen -- References -- 2 Appearance of the brain -- 2.1 Gross appearance -- 2.2 Fluid compartments -- 2.3 Microscopic appearance -- References -- 3 Neurotransmission -- 3.1 The resting potential -- 3.2 The sodium pump -- 3.3 The action potential and nerve conduction -- 3.4 Chemical events at the synapse -- 3.5 Origin of synaptic vesicles -- 3.6 Post-synaptic events -- 3.7 Neurone-axonal transport -- References -- 4 Adaptive processes in the brain -- 4.1 Inducible enzymes -- 4.2 Adaptation to the environment -- 4.3 Drug tolerance and dependence -- 4.4 Learning and memory as adaptive processes? -- References.
    Kurzfassung: The student of biological science in his final years as an undergraduate and his first years as a graduate is expected to gain some familiarity with current research at the frontiers of his discipline. New research work is published in a perplexing diversity of publications and is inevitably concerned with the minutiae of the subject. The sheer number of research journals and papers also causes confusion and difficulties of assimilation. Review articles usually presuppose a back­ ground knowledge of the field and are inevitably rather restricted in scope. There is thus a need for short but authoritative introductions to those areas of modern biological research which are either not dealt with in standard introductory textbooks or are not dealt with in suffi­ cient detail to enable the student to go on from them to read scholarly reviews with profit. This series of books is designed to satisfy this need. The authors have been asked to produce a brief outline of their subject assuming that their readers will have read and remembered much of a standard introductory textbook on biology. This outline then sets out to provide by building on this basis, the conceptual framework within which modern research work is progressing and aims to give the reader an indication of the problems, both conceptual and practical, which must be overcome if progress is to be maintained.
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  • 71
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    ISBN: 9789401097963
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (V, 93 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Problem Solvers 14
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 What is a Stochastic Process? -- 2 Results from Probability Theory -- 2.1 Introduction to probability theory -- 2.2 Bivariate distributions -- 2.3 Multivariate distributions -- 2.4 Probability generating functions -- 2.5 Characteristic functions -- 3 The Random Walk -- 3.1 The unrestricted random walk -- 3.2 Types of stochastic process -- 3.3 The gambler’s ruin -- 3.4 Generalisations of the random-walk model -- 4 Markov Chains -- 4.1 Definitions -- 4.2 Equilibrium distributions -- 4.3 Applications -- 4.4 Classification of the states of a Markov chain -- 5 The Poisson Process -- 6 Markov Chalns with Continuous Time Parameters -- 6.1 The theory -- 6.2 Applications -- 7 Non-Markov Processes in Continuous Time with Discrete State Spaces -- 7.1 Renewal theory -- 7.2 Population processes -- 7.3 Queuing theory -- 8 Diffusion Processes -- Recommendations For Further Reading.
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  • 72
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    ISBN: 9789401019941
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (220p) , digital
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    Serie: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idees 65
    Serie: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 65
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    Schlagwort(e): Science Philosophy ; Philosophy, modern ; History ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I. Berkeley’s Theory of Signification -- Theory of Meaning -- Theory of Signs -- II. The Theory of Vision -- The Critique of Geometrical Optics -- The “Vulgar Error” -- The Concept of Sensible Minima -- III. The Philosophy of Physics -- The Concept of Material Substance -- The Concept of Force -- Absolute Space and Motion -- IV. The Philosophy of Mathematics -- The Philosophy of Arithmetic -- The Philosophy of Geometry -- The Critique of Analysis -- V. Conclusion.
    Kurzfassung: Philonous: You see, Hylas, the water of yonder fountain, how it is forced upwards, in a round column, to a certain height, at which it breaks and falls back into the basin from whence it rose, its ascent as well as descent proceeding from the same uniform law or principle of gravitation. Just so, the same principles which at first view, lead to skepticism, pursued to a certain point, bring men back to common 1 sense. Although major works on Berkeley have considered his Philosophy of 1 George Berkeley, Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous, ed. Colin Murray Turbayne, (third and final edition; London 1734); (New York: The Bobbs Merrill Company, Inc., Library of Liberal Arts, 1965), p. 211. Berkeley, in general, conveniently numbered sections in his works, and in the text of the essay, we will refer if possible to the title and section number. References to the Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous will be also made in the text and refer to the dialogue number and page in the Turbayne edition cited above.
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    ISBN: 9789401168991
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VII, 115 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: A Review of the Principles of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Electric and Magnetic Fields -- 2 Electrical Machines -- 3 Power Networks -- 4 Ionized Gases -- Appendix Three-phase Circuits and Systems.
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  • 74
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    ISBN: 9789401022262
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (332p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 12
    Serie: Synthese Historical Library 12
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; History ; Philosophy, Medieval. ; Logic.
    Kurzfassung: I/Historical Introduction -- 1. The Publication of Medieval Works -- 2. Scholasticism in Italy and Germany -- 3. Scholasticism in France and Spain -- 4. Humanism -- 5. Rudolph Agricola and His Influence -- 6. Petrus Ramus and His Influence -- 7. Seventeenth Century Logic: Eclecticism -- 8. Humanism and Late Scholasticism in Spain -- 9. Other Schools of Logic -- 10. A Note on Terminology -- II/Meaning and Reference -- I. The Nature of Logic -- II. Problems of Language -- II. Supposition Theory -- III. Semantic Paradoxes -- III/Formal Logic. Part One: Unanalyzed Propositions -- I. The Theory of Consequence -- II. Propositional Connectives -- III. An Analysis of the Rules Found in Some Individual Authors -- IV/ Formal Logic. Part Two: The Logic of Analyzed Propositions -- I. The Relationships Between Propositions -- II. Supposition Theory and Quantification -- III. Categorical Syllogisms -- Appendix/Latin Texts -- 1. Primary Sources -- 2. Secondary Sources on the History of Logic 1400–1650 -- Index of names.
    Kurzfassung: Keckermann remarked of the sixteenth century, "never from the begin­ ning of the world was there a period so keen on logic, or in which more books on logic were produced and studies oflogic flourished more abun­ dantly than the period-in which we live. " 1 But despite the great profusion of books to which he refers, and despite the dominant position occupied by logic in the educational system of the fifteenth, sixteenth and seven­ teenth centuries, very little work has been done on the logic of the post­ medieval period. The only complete study is that of Risse, whose account, while historically exhaustive, pays little attention to the actual logical 2 doctrines discussed. Otherwise, one can tum to Vasoli for a study of humanism, to Munoz Delgado for scholastic logic in Spain, and to Gilbert and Randall for scientific method, but this still leaves vast areas untouched. In this book I cannot hope to remedy all the deficiencies of previous studies, for to survey the literature alone would take a life-time. As a result I have limited myself in various ways. In the first place, I con­ centrate only on those matters which are of particular interest to me, namely theories of meaning and reference, and formal logic.
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789401020091
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (268p) , digital
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    Suppl.: Rezensiert in Golden, Richard M. [Rezension von: Perry, Elisabeth Israels, From Theology to History: French Religious Controversy and the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes] 1977
    Serie: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idees / International Archives of the History of Ideas 67
    Serie: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 67
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    Schlagwort(e): History
    Kurzfassung: One: French Religious Controversy and the Argument from History, 1671 to 1691 -- One: The Context of the Debate -- Two: The Sources of Argument -- Three: The Use of History: Ideal and Reality -- Two: The Historical Argument -- Four: The Reformation Defined -- Five: The Reformers in Word and Deed -- Six: A House Divided, 1560–1598 -- Seven: Justification by History -- Appendices -- List of References -- Appendix One: Vitae of the Controversialists -- Appendix Two: The Historical Controversy in the Eighteenth Century -- List of Abbreviations.
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    ISBN: 9789401721936
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXI, 326 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Monographs on Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science and of Knowledge, and on the Mathematical Methods of Social and Behavioral Sciences 12
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 12
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    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; History
    Kurzfassung: I. Mathematical Reasoning Cannot be Analysed by Traditional Syllogistics -- II. The Psychological Interpretation of Mathematical Reasoning -- III. The Logicist Tradition -- IV. Strict Demonstration and Heuristic Procedures -- V. Intuitive Structures and Formalised Mathematics -- VI. “Thinking Machines” and Mathematical Thought -- VII. Lessons of the:History of the Relations Between Logic and Psychology -- VIII. General Psychological Problems of Logico-Mathematical Thought -- IX. General Psychological Problems of Logico-Mathematical Thought (Continued) -- X. The Psychological Problems of “Pure” Thought -- XI. Some Convergences Between Formal and Genetic Analyses -- XII. Epistemological Problems with Logical and Psychological Relevance -- General Conclusions -- Name Index.
    Kurzfassung: One of the controversial philosophical issues of recent years has been the question of the nature of logical and mathematical entities. Platonist or linguistic modes of explanation have become fashionable, whilst abstrac­ tionist and constructionist theories have ceased to be so. Beth and Piaget approach this problem in their book from two somewhat different points of view. Beth's approach is largely historico-critical, although he discusses the nature of heuristic thinking in mathematics, whilst that of Piaget is psycho-genetic. The major purpose of this introduction is to summarise some of the main points of their respective arguments. In the first part of this book Beth makes a detailed study of the history of philosophical thinking about mathematics, and draws our attention to the important role played by the Aristotelian methodology of the demon­ strative sciences. This, he tells us, is characterised by three postulates: (a) deductivity, (b) self-evidence, and (c) reality. The last postulate asserts that the primitive notions of a demonstrative science must have reference to a domain of real entities in order to have significance. On the Aristote­ lian view discursive reasoning plays a major role in mathematics, whilst pure intuition plays a somewhat subordinate one.
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    ISBN: 9789400957053
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 204 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Chapman and Hall Mathematics Series
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 The optimization problem -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Problem definition -- 1.3 Optimization in one dimension -- 1.4 Optimization in n dimensions -- 2 Single variable optimization -- 2.1 Review of methods -- 2.2 The Fibonacci search -- 2.3 The Golden Section search -- 2.4 The Algorithm of Davies, Swann, and Campey -- 3 Multi-variable optimization -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Search methods -- 3.3 Gradient methods -- 4 Advanced methods -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 General considerations -- 4.3 Advanced search methods -- 4.4 Advanced gradient methods -- 4.5 Minimax methods -- 5 Constrained optimization -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Kuhn-Tucker conditions -- 5.3 Constrained optimization techniques -- 5.4 Direct search methods with constraints -- 5.5 Small step gradient methods -- 5.6 Sequential unconstrained methods -- 5.7 Large step gradient methods -- 5.8 Lagrangian methods -- 5.9 General considerations -- 5.10 Conclusion -- References -- Further reading.
    Kurzfassung: During the last decade the techniques of non-linear optim­ ization have emerged as an important subject for study and research. The increasingly widespread application of optim­ ization has been stimulated by the availability of digital computers, and the necessity of using them in the investigation of large systems. This book is an introduction to non-linear methods of optimization and is suitable for undergraduate and post­ graduate courses in mathematics, the physical and social sciences, and engineering. The first half of the book covers the basic optimization techniques including linear search methods, steepest descent, least squares, and the Newton-Raphson method. These are described in detail, with worked numerical examples, since they form the basis from which advanced methods are derived. Since 1965 advanced methods of unconstrained and constrained optimization have been developed to utilise the computational power of the digital computer. The second half of the book describes fully important algorithms in current use such as variable metric methods for unconstrained problems and penalty function methods for constrained problems. Recent work, much of which has not yet been widely applied, is reviewed and compared with currently popular techniques under a few generic main headings. vi PREFACE Chapter I describes the optimization problem in mathemat­ ical form and defines the terminology used in the remainder of the book. Chapter 2 is concerned with single variable optimization. The main algorithms of both search and approximation methods are developed in detail since they are an essential part of many multi-variable methods.
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    ISBN: 9789401167963
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (81p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Publications of the Research Group for European Migration Problems 19
    Serie: Research Group for European Migration Problems 19
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    Schlagwort(e): History
    Kurzfassung: I: Introduction -- Pioneer Settlement in Brazil -- The Focus of the Investigation -- Population Increases in Paraná -- Migration into West Paraná -- of the Long-lot -- The Founding of Toledo -- The Position of Toledo -- II: Settlers and Their Farms -- Choice of Settlers -- Individual Isolated Farm Type: Italian Examples -- Individual Isolated Farm Type: A German Example -- Individual Isolated Farm Type: Japanese Examples -- Group Settlement Farm Type: A German Immigrant Example -- Conclusion -- III: Settlement Form and Structure in Toledo -- Unplanned Settlement -- Planned Settlement -- Comparison of Square and Long-lot Settlement Forms -- The Case of Toledo -- Conclusion -- IV: Settlement Size in Toledo: I -- Data Gathering -- Sampling -- The Classification -- Trends of Ownership Patterns -- Stages of Settlement -- Conclusion -- V: Settlement Size in Toledo: II -- Alternatives -- Objectives -- Problems Related to Small Farm Size -- Problems Related to Large Farm Size -- Steps to Establish the Medium-sized Farm -- Conclusion -- VI: Settlement Function: Economic Life in Toledo -- Agricultural Equipment -- Agricultural Economy: Commercial Hogs -- Agricultural Processing Industries -- Field Systems: South Brazil -- Field Systems: Toledo -- Agricultural Assistance -- Cooperatives -- Conclusion -- VII: CONCLUSIONS -- Position of the Colonization Project -- Selection of Settlers -- Land Titling -- Settlement Morphology -- Settlement Size -- Settlement Function: Vertical Integration and Regional Settlement Development.
    Kurzfassung: In the period since the end of world War II numerous develop­ ing countries have employed colonization, or planned pioneer settlement, as one method of building a more reliable and bal­ anced economy. It is felt that the traditional, single-sided sys­ tems of farm ownership and production with their latifundium and minifundium holdings will gradually and peacefully become less prominent as better settlement systems are introduced and extended. Marked increases in population pressure, large tracts of unused or underused land, and modern improvements in set­ tlement planning are among other compelling reasons for star­ ting colonization programs. Of all the areas in the world, the continent of South America probably has the widest variety of planned pioneer settlements as well as the most sizeable programs. Brazil, the largest country on the continent, is actively engaged in populating the vast, emp­ ty spaces of its interior, and provides excellent opportunities for the scholarly investigation of new frontier settlement types. In addition to the academic discussion of the origin and develop­ ment of these expressions of man's expansion into marginal ar­ eas, the critical examination of relatively new attempts at land settlement is a useful thing because what is to be learned from such studies may be directly applicable to other pioneer zones and, moreover, may be of vital significance to overall economic improvement on the continent. In this monograph, my student, K. Muller, analyzes the South Brazilian frontier colony of Toledo, Parana, founded in 1946.
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  • 79
    ISBN: 9789401176422
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (171p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Social Life 18
    Serie: Studies of Social Life 18
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): History
    Kurzfassung: I The Altered Framework (1945–1947) -- The Potsdam Expulsions -- Schleswig-Holstein -- 1945: The Year of Collapse -- 1946: First Postwar Elections -- 1947: First Expellee Legislation -- Conclusion -- II New Realities (1948–1950) -- 1948: Expellee Organizations and Elections -- The Expellee Committee (1948–1950) -- 1950: New Expellee and Indigenous Parties -- Conclusion -- III The High Tide of Local Expellee Politics(1951–1954) -- 1951: Confrontation -- 1952: Clues That Point Toward Trends -- The Expellee Committee -- 1953: A Respite -- 1954: Landtag Politics and Patenschaften -- Conclusion -- IV The Disintegration of the BHE (1955–1959) -- 1955–1956: Redefining the Political Environment -- The Expellee Committee (1955–1959) -- Expellee Organizations -- 1957-1958: Emasculation of the BHE -- 1959: Economic Recovery Attained -- Conclusion -- V The Political Effects of Assimilation (1959–1962) -- 1959: Election Ironies -- The Expellee Committee -- 1960: The Decade for Appraisal -- 1961: 1957 Revisited -- 1962: The Political Acknowledgement of Assimilation 106 Conclusion -- VI Epilogue (1963–1970) -- The Demise of the GDP -- The Expellee Committee (1963–1965) -- The Local Elections of 1966 -- The Expellee Committee (1966–1970) -- Continuing Evolution (1967–1970) -- Conclusion -- VII Conclusion -- The Main Periods of the Assimilation Process -- The Return of Stability -- Political Assimilation -- An Appraisal of Assimilation in Schleswig-Holstein.
    Kurzfassung: The expulsions of German nationals from former Reich territories east of the Oder-Neisse Rivers and of German minority communities from various Eastern European nations following the collapse of the Nazi regime in 1945 constitute one of the least appreciated consequences of the Second World War. Numbering some ten million people, this group formed nearly a fifth of the total population of the new West German state which emerged in 1949 and presented a grave threat to its early stability. The state (Land) which received the greatest number of these largely destitute expellees in proportion to its indigenous population was Schleswig­ Holstein: in the years between 1945 and 1948 its population doubled. This predominately agrarian area underwent severe strains in accommodating these newcomers, and its handling of the expellee problem provided a bench mark for the evaluation of the assimilation process throughout the Federal Republic. While the tracing of the assimilation of the expellees into the West German polity and society has been voluminously documented l at the national level, much less research into the process has been conducted at the state and local levels. The principal reason for this seems to lie in the belief that the process has been success­ fully completed at these lower levels and may be considered a 1 The classic treatment of the first decade and a half of the assimilation process from the national level is Eugen Lemberg and Friedrich Edding, eds.
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  • 80
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401168342
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , digital
    Ausgabe: Revised Metric Edition
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Introducing Geology 2
    Serie: Introducing Geology Series 2
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Geological History -- 2 The Pre-Cambrian Era -- 3 The Lower Palaeozoic Geosyncline -- 4 The Caledonian Mountain-building -- 5 Devonian Environments -- 6 The Lower Carboniferous Marine Transgression -- 7 The Upper Carboniferous Deltas and Coal Swamps -- 8 The Armorican Mountain-building -- 9 The Permo-Triassic Desert Environment -- 10 The Fluctuating Shelf-seas of the Jurassic -- 11 The Cretaceous Marine Transgression -- 12 Tertiary Cycles of Sedimentation and Igneous Activity -- 13 The Alpine Mountain-Building and the Later Tertiary -- 14 The Quaternary Glaciations.
    Kurzfassung: This book is primarily intended to assist candidates studying geology for the Ordinary Level of G.c.E., and examinations of comparable standard, but it should also be found useful by the" reader requiring a rapid conspectus of the geological history of Britain, and as forming a basis for more advanced work. The scope of the subject matter necessitated a narrow and slippery path be­ tween over-simplification and excessive detail, but the balance adopted is based upon the experience of many years of teaching at all levels, and of examining for the London G.C.E. Board. The maps, combining outcrop dis­ tribution with palaeogeography, presented some difficulty, especially for periods of continuously changing geography, such as the Cretaceous. It was necessary in these cases to make an arbitrary choice of one small part of the period, the geography of which could be illustrated. Candidates are advised not to spend time learning every detail of the outcrop patterns, but to con­ centrate upon the main areas of outcrop. I am indebted to Mrs. Jean Fyffe for the cartographic work.
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  • 81
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401020220
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (240p) , digital
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    Suppl.: Rezensiert in Elders, L. [Rezension von: Collins, Ardis B., The secular is sacred. Platonism and Thomism in Marsilio Ficino's Platonic Theology] 1974
    Serie: International Archives of the History of Ideas 69
    Serie: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 69
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): History
    Kurzfassung: One: The Search for God -- Two: The Approach to God through Unity and Power -- Three: The Approach to God through Being -- Four: The Metaphysical Structure of Creatures, Mortal and Immortal -- Five: The Special Presence of God to Man -- Six: Philosophy Seeks What Religion Worships -- Appendix: Texts for Comparison.
    Kurzfassung: This book presents a philosophical position examined philosophically. Although it does not go beyond the confines ofFicino's perspective and is governed by standards of historical accuracy, it makes explicit in its explanation ofFicino's text the enduring philosophical questions which are at issue there. True, the book examines in some detail Ficino's relation to his Platonic and Scholastic sources, and this is an issue of primary interest to those who study the history of culture or the his­ torical development of philosophy. However, in Ficino's thought, this issue is also a philosophical issue. Ficino chooses Platonism as his guide because this philosophy retains an explicit and essential orientation to religion. When he takes Platonism as the primary instance of philoso­ phy, he is taking a stand on the nature of philosophy itself. Philosophy necessarily points toward the divinity and hence is necessarily related to the veneration and worship of its object. Christian theology joins Platonic philosophy in this movement toward God, developing more completely the implications of its fundamental insights. And the 1 "splendor of Christian theology" is Thomas Aquinas. Therefore, to examine the relationship between Platonism and Thomism in Ficino's thought is to examine Ficino's position on the unity of philosophy and theology. Scholars writing about Ficino have pointed to three major influences on his thought. The influence of Plato and the neo-Platonists, of course, is readily recognized.
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  • 82
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401169042
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 283 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Principles of structure and bonding -- 2 Simple hydrides and halides -- 3 Non-metal oxides, sulphides, and their derivatives -- 4 The elements -- 5 Catenated compounds and related systems -- 6 Borazines, phosphazenes, silicones, and related systems.
    Kurzfassung: This book is a new attempt to interrelate the chemistry of the non-metals. In the early chapters, simple compounds of the non-metals with the halogens, hydrogen, and oxygen are surveyed, permitting a large area of chemistry to be discussed without the burden of too many facts. The structural relationships in the elemental forms of the non-metals are then used as an introduction to the catenated compounds, including the boron hydrides. In the concluding chapter, selected heteronuclear chain, ring, and cage compounds are con­ sidered. In some chapters, we have thought it useful to outline important features of a topic in relation to chemical theory, before giving a more detailed ac count of the chemistry of individual elements. The book is certainly not comprehensive and the bias in the material selected probably reflects our interest in volatile, covalent non-metal compounds. Suggestions for furt her reading are presented in two ways. A selected bibliography lists general textbooks which relate to much of our subject matter. References in the text point to review articles and to a few original papers which we consider to be of special interest. Although there are few difficult concepts in the text, the treatment may be appreciated most by students with some previous exposure to a Group by Group approach to non-metal chemistry. We have assumed an elementary knowledge of chemical periodicity, bonding theory, thermodynamics, and spectroscopic methods of structure determination.
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  • 83
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401169011
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XI, 281 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. What is ultrasound? -- The discovery of animal ultrasound -- The properties of ultrasound -- 2. Methods of detection and analysis -- Ultrasonic microphones -- Cathode-ray oscilloscopes -- Tape-recording and analysis -- Bat detectors -- 3. Bats -- The biology of bats -- The echo-location signals of bats -- Short-pulse echo-location in Megachiroptera -- Frequency sweep pulses in Microchiroptera -- Constant frequencies in Microchiroptera -- Mixed signals in Microchiroptera -- Sound production and emission in Microchiroptera -- Frequency-sweep bats -- Constant frequency bats -- Nose-leaves -- Hearing in the Microchiroptera -- Other senses and social use of ultrasound in Microchiroptera -- 4. Countermeasures by insects -- Noctuidae -- The evasive behaviour of noctuid moths -- Acoustic sensitivity of the tympanic organ -- Directionality -- Central co-ordination -- Arctiidae, Notodontidae and Ctenuchidae -- Pyralididae -- Sphingidae -- Geometridae -- Neuroptera -- Evolution -- 5. The songs of bush crickets (Tettigoniidae) -- The physics of strigilation in general -- The mechanism of sound production in tettigoniids -- The ultrasonic songs of tettigoniids -- The acoustic behaviour of tettigoniids -- The ability of tettigoniids to hear ultrasonic sounds -- Some further considerations -- 6. Other insects -- Gryllidae, crickets -- Gryllotalpidae, mole crickets -- Acrididae, grasshoppers and locusts -- Insects of other groups -- 7. Ultrasound in rodents -- The ultrasonic calls of infant rodents -- The physical characteristics of the calls -- The motivation for the emission of ultrasonic calls by infant rodents -- The role of infant distress calls in adult-young relationships -- Ultrasound and aggressive behaviour -- Rats -- Other myomorph rodents -- Social significance -- Ultrasound and mating behaviour -- Mice -- Rats -- Other myomorph rodents -- Social significance -- Other situations involving ultrasound emission in rodents -- The mechanism of ultrasound production in rodents -- The ability of rodents to hear high frequency sounds -- 8. Other vertebrate groups -- Birds -- Cetacea -- The sounds of odontocetes -- The site of sound production -- The ear of odontocetes -- Hearing in odontocetes -- Evidence for echo-location in odontocetes -- Other marine mammals -- Insectivora -- 9. Review and speculations -- Appendix Some formulae summarizing the rules of echo-location -- References -- Indexes.
    Kurzfassung: In recent years there has been a rapid increase in the understanding of communication between animals and this is perhaps especially true of bio-acoustics. In the last 35 years a completely new branch of bio­ acoustics, involving ultrasounds, has been made possible by technical developments that now allow these inaudible sounds to be detected and studied. This subject has a personal fascination for the authors, perhaps because of the novelty of 'listening in' to these previously unknown sig­ nals, perhaps because of the wide variety of ways in which different animals use them. Many studies of different aspects of animal ultrasound have now been published and a review of them all seems to be timely. Ultrasound is is biologically arbitrary; other animals defined in human terms and may produce similar signals at lower frequencies for similar purposes. This book attempts to be comprehensive but the limits of the subject are rather difficult to define. It should be read in conjunction with other books on audible bio-acoustics. Each chapter has been written and may be read as a separate entity, although there is considerable cross-referencing. Chapters 1 and 2 form a common introduction and may help in understanding the later sections. The Appendix is not essential but is included for those who may be interested in the quanti­ tative aspects of the echo-location phenomena described in Chapters 3 and 8.
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  • 84
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401020916
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (296p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Vienna Circle Collection 5
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Physics—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: I/From Populäre Schriften: (Writings addressed to the Public) -- Dedication (1905) -- Foreword (1905) -- 1. On the Methods of Theoretical Physics (1892) -- 3. The Second Law of Thermodynamics (1886) -- 5. On the Significance of Theories (1890) -- 9. On Energetics (1896) -- 10. On the Indispensability of Atomism in Natural Science (1897) -- 11. More on Atomism (1897) -- 12. On the Question of the Objective Existence of Processes in Inanimate Nature (1897) -- 14. On the Development of the Methods of Theoretical Physics in Recent Times (1899) -- 16. On the Fundamental Principles and Equations of Mechanics, I, II (1899) -- 17. On the Principles of Mechanics, I, II (1900, 1902) -- 18. An Inaugural Lecture on Natural Philosophy (1903) -- 19. On Statistical Mechanics (1904) -- 20. Reply to a Lecture on Happiness given by Prof. Ostwald (1904) -- 22. On a Thesis of Schopenhauer’s (1905) -- II/From Nature51 (1895) -- On Certain Questions of the Theory of Gases -- III/From Encyclopaedia Britannica10,11 -- Model (1902) -- IV/From Vorlesungen Über Die Principe Der Mechanik (Lectures on the Principles of Mechanics) -- One (1897) -- Two (1904) -- Index Of Names.
    Kurzfassung: l. The work of Ludwig Boltzmann (1844-1906) consists of two kinds of writings: in the first part of his active life he devoted himself entirely to problems of physics, while in the second part he tried to find a philosoph­ 1 ical background for his activities in and around the natural sciences. Most scientists are much more aware of his creative work in physics than of his digressions on the meaning and structure of science. I think in the present case the reason is not so much that most scientists are usually almost entirely occupied with their trade, because Boltzmann's philosophical work is also concerned with the (natural) sciences. I rather believe that the quality and consistency of Boltzmann's purely scientific work is of a more appealing nature than his less structured considerations on human activity in science and in life in general. 2. I think that it may be appropriate for the readers of this anthology to say a few words on the main findings of Boltzmann in physics, since in the end their 'philosophical' inlpact has been larger than the effect of his later writings. Moreover some knowledge of his scientific achievements can be helpful for the understanding and appreciation of the essays printed in this book, which almost all stem from Boltzmann's philosophical period. Boltzmann was one of the main protagonists - at least in continental Europe - of atomistics for explaining the phenomena of physics.
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789401020725
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (284p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Archives Internationales D’histoire Des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 73
    Serie: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 73
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    Schlagwort(e): History
    Kurzfassung: The Instrument -- Seignelay and the Colbertian Legacy -- Pontchartrain’s First Years 1691–1693 -- The Crisis of the Main Fleet and the Shift to the Guerre de Course 1694–1697 -- Conclusion -- Appendices.
    Kurzfassung: The French navy that fought in the Nine Years War was essentially Colbert's creation. Earlier in the century Richelieu had given France the beginnings of a navy: ships, ports, a corps of officers and an administra­ tive structure. But most of his work was undone by neglect in the years after his death, and the task of making France a maritime power had to begin again under Louis XIV. Colbert's efforts to build a navy were distinguished by the same stubborn energy that he brought to all his other tasks. Behind his desire for naval might lay his vision of France as the first commercial power in Europe, for he saw clearly that mercantile preponderance could never be achieved without the backing of a strong fleet of warships. Trade would follow the flag, as he believed it had for his envied models and perpetual rivals, the Dutch. Soon after Louis XIV's assumption of power, Colbert set about the enOImOUS labour of resurrecting the navy founded by Richelieu; he soon found that the task was really one of creation, virtually ex nihilo. Ships or built, sailors recruited, captains enticed home from were purchased service under foreign flags, bases planned and constructed, an adminis­ trative system established.
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  • 86
    ISBN: 9789401511186
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XX, 858 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: I/Cosmochemistry -- Fitness in the Universe: Choices and Necessities -- Galactic Clouds of Organic Molecules -- The Outer Solar System: Perspectives for Exobiology -- Catalytic Reactions in the Solar Nebula: Implications for Interstellar Molecules and Organic Compounds in Meteorites -- II/Paleobiology -- Natural Evidence for Chemical and Early Biological Evolution -- Aspects of the Geologic History of Seawater -- Homeostatic Tendencies of the Earth’s Atmosphere -- Microfossils from the Middle Precambrian McArthur Group, Northern Territory, Australia -- The Development and Diversification of Precambrian Life -- III/Primordial Organic Chemistry -- The Atmosphere of the Primitive Earth and the Prebiotic Synthesis of Amino Acids -- Biomolecules from HCN -- The Prebiotic Synthesis of Oligonucleotides -- The Possible Role of Clays in Prebiotic Peptide Synthesis -- Interactions Between Amino Acids and Nucleotides in the Prebiotic Milieu -- Coacervate Systems and Origin of Life -- Transfer RNA and the Translation Apparatus in the Origin of Life -- IV/Precellular Organization -- A Hypothetic Scheme for Evolution of Probionts -- From Proteinoid Microsphere to Contemporary Cell: Formation of Internucleotide and Peptide Bonds by Proteinoid Particles -- Chemical and Catalytical Properties of Thermal Polymers of Amino Acids (Proteinoids) -- Pre-Enzymic Origin of Metabolic Redox Processes and of the Energy Storage Processes -- Experimental Attempts for the Study of the Origin of Optical Activity on Earth -- Life’s Beginnings — Origin or Evolution? -- V/Early Biochemical Evolution -- On the Chemical Constitution of Cometary Nuclei -- Photochemical Conversions of Lower Aldehydes in Aqueous Solutions and in Fog -- Inferences from Protein and Nucleic Acid Sequences: Early Molecular Evolution, Divergence of Kingdoms and Rates of Change -- On the Possible Origin and Evolution of the Genetic Code -- Genetics and the Origin of the Genetic Code -- Origin of the Genetic Code: A Physical-Chemical Model of Primitive Codon Assignments -- The Iron-Sulphur Proteins: Evolution of a Ubiquitous Protein from Model Systems to Higher Organisms -- A New Hypothesis for the Evolution of Biological Electron Transport -- Pathways of Chemical Evolution of Photosynthesis -- Inorganic Types of Fermentation and Anaerobic Respirations in the Evolution of Energy-Yielding Metabolism -- VI/Exobiology -- Test Results on the Viking Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer Experiment -- Automated Life-Detection Experiments for the Viking Mission to Mars -- Organic Contamination Problems in the Viking Molecular Analysis Experiment -- Model Systems for Life Processes on Mars -- An Automatically-Returned Martian Sample by 1985? -- Life on Jupiter? -- The Possibility of Organic Molecule Formation in the Venus Atmosphere -- Planetary Systems and Extraterrestrial Life -- The Origin of Life in a Cosmic Context -- List of Participants -- Index of Subjects.
    Kurzfassung: This publication, in two volumes, includes most of the scientific papers presented at the first meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life (lSSOL), held on June 25-28, 1973 in Barcelona, Spain. The first volume contains the invited articles and the second volume the contributed papers, which also appear in the 1974 and 1975 issues, respectively, of the new journal Origins of Life, published by D. Reidel. A relatively large number of meetings on the subject of the origin of life have been held in different places since 1957. In terms of its organization, scope, and number and nationality of participants, the Conference celebrated last year in Barcelona closely followed the three international conferences held earlier in Moscow, U.S.S.R., 1957, Wakulla Springs, U.S.A., 1963, and Pont-a-Mousson, France, 1970. For this reason the first ISSOL meeting was also named the 4th International Conference on the Origin of Life.
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  • 87
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    ISBN: 9789400957183
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 240 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Chapman and Hall Chemistry Textbook Series
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Atomic and molecular orbitals -- 2 Aromaticity -- 3 The stereochemical requirements of concerted pericyclic reactions -- 4 The concept of the conservation of orbital symmetry -- 5 Alternative rationalizations-the aromaticity of pericyclic transition states -- 6 The organic chemistry of pericyclic reactions -- Appendix I Determinants -- Appendix II The solution of secular equations -- Appendix III HMO treatment of the cyclopropenyl system -- Appendix IV Answers to problems -- References.
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9789401021173
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (360p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy 8
    Serie: Synthese Historical Library 8
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): History
    Kurzfassung: §0. Translation and Reference Conventions -- §1. Introduction -- §2. St. Anselm as a Logician -- §3. Logical Frame of Reference -- §4. Basic Presuppositions -- §5. Summary of De Grammatico -- §6. De Grammatico: Text and Translation -- §7. Commentary.
    Kurzfassung: The intent of the present work is chiefly the presentation of a running commentary, preponderantly historical in complexion, on the detail of the text of St. Anselm's dialogue De Grammatico. At the same time the making intelligible of that text has demanded the concurrent proffering of logical elucidations. The framework adopted for the latter is the Ontology of S. Lesniewski. The unsuitability of other current systems of logic for the analysis of medieval doctrines has been suggested in HLM I. Hereunder the line of analyses proposed in HDG (an introduc­ tory study of De Grammatico) will for the most part be maintained, with only a few modifications. Changes which further study might demand would in any case involve not so much an abrogation of the HDG ver­ sions, but rather certain complications of detail on the lines indicated in HLM, HEE, and Hoi. Readers who happen to be out of sympathy either with modem logic as a whole, or with the Lesniewskian systems in particular, may be assured that the historical thread of the commentary remains for the most part unaffected by issues connected with such logics. Much of the historical material contained in the commentary consists of quotations from the logical works of Boethius. Some of that material may at first sight appear prosaic and tedious.
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9789401196512
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 203 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): History
    Kurzfassung: I. Introduction -- 1. The man, Conrad of Prussia -- 2. The manuscript -- 3. Conrad’s division of the De Ente et Essentia -- 4. The transcription -- 5. Unlocated quotations -- 6. The date of composition of Conrad’s commentary -- 7. Good and bad, worthwhile nonetheless -- 8. Other commentaries on the De Ente et Essentia -- II. Conrad’s Commentary -- Prooemium Conradi de Prusya -- III. Comments on Conred’s Commentary -- Conrad’s prooemium -- Conrad’s lectiones -- Opening comment -- Lectio I -- Lectio II -- Lectio III -- Lectio IV -- Lectio V -- Lectio VI -- Lectio VII -- Lectio VIII -- Lectio IX -- Lectio X -- Lectio XI -- Lectio XII -- Lectio XIII -- Lectio XIV -- Lectio XV -- Lectio XVI -- Concluding comment.
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  • 90
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401169165
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 223 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Modern Electrical Studies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Power Electronics and Rotating Electric Drives -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Power Electronics -- 1.3. Rotating Electric Drives -- References and Bibliography -- 2. The Thyristor -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Semiconductors -- 2.3. Thyristor Characteristics -- 2.4. Thyristor Turn-Off -- 2.5. Thyristor Ratings -- 2.6. Thyristor Manufacture -- 2.7. Thyristors in Circuitsx -- 2.8. Thyristor Protection Circuits -- 2.9. Relative Merits of Thyristors -- 2.10. The Bidirectional Triode Thyristor (Triac) -- 2.11. Summary -- Worked Examples -- References and Bibliography -- Problems -- 3. Induction Motor Control -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Induction Motor Starting -- 3.3. Induction Motor Speed Control -- References -- Problems -- 4. Direct Current Motor Control -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Starting Direct Current Motors -- 4.3. Speed Control of Direct Current Motors -- 4.4. Position Control by Direct Current Motors -- References and Bibliography -- Problems -- 5. Synchronous Motor Control -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Synchronous Motor Starting -- 5.3. Speed Control -- 5.4. Synchronous Motor Excitation -- 5.5. A Synchronous or a Direct Current Motor? -- References and Bibliography -- Appendices -- I. Logic Circuitry for Inverter Control -- II. Logic Circuitry for Bidirectional Converter -- III. Logic Circuitry for On-Off Servo -- References -- Additional Problems for Chapters One, Two, Three and Four.
    Kurzfassung: The following pages are meant for those who wish to use thyristors. The details of the physics of semiconductor materials or the design of thyristors themselves are unnecessary here but a general description of the device may help to avoid pitfalls during electric circuit design. Thyristor is the internationally recognized name for a particular semi­ conductor device. The name is derived from the Greek, the first part meaning switch and the second part an association with the transistor family. It has a trade name, viz. SCR (silicon controlled rectifier) and it got this name principally because it is a silicon device and it is used as a rectifier which can be controlled. As a controlled switch it forms a group together with the electromagnetic relay, the thyratron and the mercury arc rectifier. The advantages and disadvantages of the thyristor become apparent in the process of describing the device and its range of application. However, the present general interest, development and use of the thyristor, indicates that for many cases its many advantages make it superior to other devices. Control of rotating electric machines is a major interest of the author so that in this book the applications of the thyristor are towards this end. Thyristors are used so much in connection with the control of machines that it is worthwhile to go into some details of both the electric drive to be controlled and the possible thyristor control units.
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  • 91
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401165723
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VII, 83 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Library of Mathematics
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: Content -- 1. Axioms for the Real Numbers -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Fields -- 3 Order -- 4 Completeness -- 5 Upper bound -- 6 The Archimedean property -- Exercises -- 2. Sequences -- 7 Limit of a sequence -- 8 Sequences without limits -- 9 Monotone sequences -- Exercises -- 3. Series -- 10 Infinite series -- 11 Convergence -- 12 Tests -- 13 Absolute convergence -- 14 Power series -- Exercises -- 4. Continuous Functions -- 15 Limit of a function -- 16 Continuity -- 17 The intermediate value property -- 18 Bounds of a continuous function -- Exercises -- 5. Differentiable Functions -- 19 Derivatives -- 20 Rolle’s theorem -- 21 The mean value theorem -- Exercises -- 6. The Riemann Integral -- 22 Introduction -- 23 Upper and lower sums -- 24 Riemann-integrable functions -- 25 Examples -- 26 A necessary and sufficient condition -- 27 Monotone functions -- 28 Uniform continuity -- 29 Integrability of continuous functions -- 30 Properties of the Riemann integral -- 31 The mean value theorem -- 32 Integration and differentiation -- Exercises -- Answers to the Exercises.
    Kurzfassung: I have tried to provide an introduction, at an elementary level, to some of the important topics in real analysis, without avoiding reference to the central role which the completeness of the real numbers plays throughout. Many elementary textbooks are written on the assumption that an appeal to the complete­ ness axiom is beyond their scope; my aim here has been to give an account of the development from axiomatic beginnings, without gaps, while keeping the treatment reasonably simple. Little previous knowledge is assumed, though it is likely that any reader will have had some experience of calculus. I hope that the book will give the non-specialist, who may have considerable facility in techniques, an appreciation of the foundations and rigorous framework of the mathematics that he uses in its applications; while, for the intending mathe­ matician, it will be more of a beginner's book in preparation for more advanced study of analysis. I should finally like to record my thanks to Professor Ledermann for the suggestions and comments that he made after reading the first draft of the text.
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  • 92
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    ISBN: 9789401167949
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (118p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Publications of the Research Group for European Migration Problems 18
    Serie: Research Group for European Migration Problems 18
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): History
    Kurzfassung: I. Long-Term Plans for Urban Improvement in Toronto -- The Development of Metropolitan Toronto -- The Urban Renewal Areas of Toronto -- II. Survey Methodology -- Construction of Interview Schedule and Fieldwork -- Selection of Respondents and Sample Design -- Non-Response and Sampling Error -- The Neighbourhood Integration Score -- Participation in Voluntary Associations -- III. Characteristics of Household Heads in the Survey Areas -- Ethnic Origins -- Demographic and Socio-Economic Characteristics -- Housing Conditions and Satisfaction -- Housing Conditions -- Conclusion -- IV. Neighbourhood Satisfaction and Integration -- Neighbourhood Integration -- Length of Residence and Mobility -- Conclusion -- V. Attitudes Towards Urban Renewal -- Factors Influencing Attitudes Toward Urban Renewal -- Conclusion -- VI. Participation in Voluntary Associations -- Types of Organization: Overall Frequencies of Memberships -- Religious Denomination, Religious Involvement, Ethnicity and Class -- Instrumental and Expressive Organizations and Leadership -- Labour Unions -- Social Class and Participation in Voluntary Associations -- Ethnicity and Participation -- Integration and Satisfaction -- Attitudes Toward Urban Renewal and Participation -- Conclusion -- VII. Conclusion -- Area and Ethnic Differences -- Implications for Urban Renewal Policies -- Immigrant Integration -- Selected Bibliography and References.
    Kurzfassung: English and the community functions on the basis of a variety of ethnic institutions that operate in the immigrant's own mother tongue. These include local stores and markets, churches, clubs, welfare agencies and other organizations that serve the needs of the local population. Frequently employment opportunities in occupa­ tions where English is unnecessary are also available to men and women in the neighbourhood. These ethnic neighbourhoods exhibit a high degree of functional interdependence which would be severely disrupted by urban renewal schemes involving widespread clearance. The proposed extension of freeways could give rise to problems in this respect. Even the "spot clearance" schemes of a more limited kind would have more serious social and human repercussions in such areas in view of the high incidence of "doubling". It is significant that certain planning areas in which urban renewal has already proceeded, such as the Don area including the Regent Park public housing scheme, have consisted predominantly of native-born Canadians of British origin. The experience gained in these schl~mes is not likely to be a useful guide to the probable consequen -;es of improvement and other schemes in those areas with a mt l"e heterogeneous population. An examination of the population .::haracteristics in those areas designated for renewal in the future suggests that the social effects and human implications of these plans may be somewhat different from past experience.
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  • 93
    ISBN: 9789401024471
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (268p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Archives Internationales D’Histoire Des Idées / International Archives of the History of Ideas 62
    Serie: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 62
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy, modern ; History ; Political science.
    Kurzfassung: One Philosophical and Moral Foundations -- I: Materialism and the Morale Universelle -- II: Society and the Individual -- III: From Individual to Citizen -- Two The Evolution of Diderot’s Political Thought -- I: A Coherent Absolutism -- II: First Doubts -- III: Fading Hopes -- IV: The End of an Illusion -- V: Towards Revolution -- Conclusion.
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  • 94
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    ISBN: 9789400957138
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (64 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Outline Studies In Biology
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Introduction -- 2 Strategy and tactics -- 3 Model systems, the reductionist approach -- 3.1 Bacteriophage -- 3.2 Enzyme induction in bacteria -- 3.3 Spore formation in bacteria -- 3.4 Are prokaryotes good models for eukaryotes? -- 3.5 The cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum -- 3.6 Tissue culture cells -- 3.7 Metamorphosis -- References -- 4 Special systems, the classical approach -- 4.1 Chromosome structure and function -- 4.2 RNA synthesis -- 4.3 Protein synthesis -- 4.4 Protein degradation -- 4.5 Protein modification -- 4.6 Metabolism -- Summary -- References -- Suggestions for further reading.
    Kurzfassung: The development of an embryo is one of the which prevents entry of other sperm, fusion of most awe inspiring biological phenomena and the two haploid nuclei occurs and within about the study of cell differentiation can be traced 30 minutes the pigmented cortex rotates with respect to the underlying cytoplasm and in so back in antiquity to Aristotle and beyond However, there are few modern sciences which doing it reveals a grey, crescent shaped area on pay more than a cursory obeisance to their the side of the egg opposite to the point of founders and few students seem very interested entry of the sperm. This is another example of in the theories of their dead predecessors. polarity developing. Soon after fertilization the Embryology, though, is that rare exception - a zygote enters a period of rapid nuclear and cell division. The result of this cleavage process is science where the problems, theories and often that the egg cytoplasm is partitioned between techniques that excite our interest today, are essentially the same as those which excited our numerous cells whose ratio of nuclear volume to cytoplasmic volume is more like that found colleagues of fifty or even a hundred years ago. in an 'average' somatic cell.
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  • 95
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    ISBN: 9789401024907
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (216p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Suppl.: Rezensiert in Drake, George [Rezension von: Liu, Tai, Discord in Zion: The Puritan Divines and the Puritan Revolution, 1640-1660] 1976
    Serie: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Idees 61
    Serie: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 61
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy, modern ; History
    Kurzfassung: 1. A Glimpse of Zion’s Glory -- 2. Conflicts in Temple-Work -- 3. No King But Jesus -- 4. Saints in Power -- 5. Cromwell or Christ -- 6. Conclusion -- Appendix I -- Appendix II.
    Kurzfassung: With the decline of the Whig interpretation of history, historians in the past few decades have re-examined the origins and the nature of the English Revolution from various perspectives. The constitutional conflict 1 between the crown and parliament has been analyzed. The Puritan mind 2 has been explored. Social change in England during the century prior 3 to the outbreak of the Civil War has been anatomized. The composition 4 of the Long Parliament has been dissected. Every student of the English Revolution is now well aware that the crisis in seventeenth-century Eng­ land, like all other major events in history, was a complex phenomenon in which men as well as ideas, religious convictions as well as economic interests all came into play. For all students of this period, the works of Samuel R. Gardiner, am­ plified by Sir Charles H. Firth, remain the chief source of knowledge and 1 It should be noted that while former historians from Hallam and Macaulay to G. M. Trevelyan and J R. Tanner all interpreted the English Revolution in terms of the constitution, recent historical scholarship in this respect is more concerned with the evolution and functioning of the constitution rather than the constitutional rights and wrongs of either party in the conflict. See Wallace Notestein, The Winning of the Initiative by the House of Commons (London, 1924); Margaret A.
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  • 96
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401024693
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (180p) , digital
    Ausgabe: 2
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives Internationales d’histoire des Idees 66
    Serie: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 66
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy, modern ; History
    Kurzfassung: I. Berkeley’s Writings -- Collected Works and Selections -- Works published by Berkeley, and translations Philosophical, Mathematical, Physical -- Miscellaneous -- Posthumously published remains -- Spuria -- II. Writings on Berkeley -- Miscellanea-Biographical, literary, etc. -- On the tar-water controversy -- On the Analyst controversy.
    Kurzfassung: Since the first appearance of this bibliography (1934, Oxford Uni­ versity Press), which has long been out of print, so much attention has been paid to Berkeley that a mere reprint would be inept. Besides bringing it up to date I have added collations of those editions of Berkeley's writings that were published in his lifetime. In doing so I have used a form of description simple enough for anyone to follow yet sufficient to enable librarians to check their catalogues and to identify copies in which the titlepage is missing or mutilated. As before, I have marked with an asterisk throughout the bibliography every book, edition and article that has not been seen by me or, in a few cases, by a competent friend. My primary interest not being bibliographical in the present-day highly technical sense, but philosophical, I have aimed chiefly at (a) providing advanced students (and their hard-pressed advisers) of Berkeley, or of the subjects on which he wrote, with a guide to the materials for research, and (b) displaying the range in time and place, and the direction, of the attention which he has attracted. These two aims account for the classification of the entries under a few general subject-headings and of the philosophical entries under countries, and for the arranging of the entries in each section or subsection in chrono­ logical order, the alphabetical ordering of the authors' names being given in the Index. To facilitate reference and cross-reference each entry is numbered.
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  • 97
    ISBN: 9789400956889
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Chemical Physics
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: 1 Non-relativistic Quantum Mechanics -- 1.1 Formal quantum mechanics -- 1.2 The Schrödinger equation -- 1.3 Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle and related topics -- 1.4 Angular momentum -- 1.5 Electron spin -- 1.6 The need for a relativistic theory -- 2 Vector and Matrix Algebra -- 2.1 Vectors and vector multiplication -- 2.2 The repeated subscript convention for summation -- 2.3 The Kronecker delta ?ij -- 2.4 The ?ijk notation -- 2.5 The ?ijk sum rules -- 2.6 Examples I -- 2.7 The vector operator ? -- 2.8 The gradient -- 2.9 The divergence -- 2.10 The curl -- 2.11 Examples II -- 2.12 Second derivatives in vector calculus -- 2.13 The Dirac delta function -- 2.14 Matrices and determinants: a summary -- 2.15 Vectors in four dimensions -- 3 Classical Mechanics -- 3.1 Inertial frames and Galileo’s relativity principle -- 3.2 The principle of least action -- 3.3 Lagrange’s equations of motion -- 3.4 The Lagrangian for a system of particles -- 3.5 Constants of motion -- 3.6 The Hamiltonian -- 4 Special Relativity -- 4.1 Einstein’s principle of relativity -- 4.2 The interval -- 4.3 The Lorentz transformation -- 4.4 Contraction, dilation and paradoxes -- 4.5 The transformation of velocities -- 4.6 The relativistic mechanics of a free particle -- 4.7 Four-vectors -- 5 The Interaction of Charged Particles with Electromagnetic Fields -- 5.1 Units -- 5.2 The electromagnetic potentials -- 5.3 The field vectors -- 5.4 The Lorentz transformation of electric and magnetic fields -- 5.5 Gauge transformations -- 5.6 Maxwell’s equations -- 5.7 The potentials and fields due to a stationary charge -- 5.8 The potentials due to a moving charge -- 5.9 The interaction of two charged particles -- 5.10 The Thomas precession -- 6 The Classical Theory of Electromagnetic Fields -- 6.1 Continuous mechanical systems -- 6.2 The Lagrangian density for an electromagnetic field -- 6.3 The current four-vector -- 6.4 The second pair of Maxwell’s equations -- 6.5 Electromagnetic waves -- 6.6 Solution of the wave equation for free space -- 6.7 The characteristic vibrations of an electromagnetic field -- 7 Relativistic Wave Equations -- 7.1 Quantization of classical equations -- 7.2 Gauge invariance of quantum mechanical equations -- 7.3 The Klein-Gordon equation -- 8 The Dirac Equation -- 8.1 The Dirac equation for a free electron -- 8.2 The Dirac operators ? and ? -- 8.3 The introduction of an electromagnetic field -- 8.4 Electron spin -- 8.5 Lorentz invariance of the Dirac equation -- 8.6 The negative energy solutions — positrons -- 8.7 The non-relativistic approximation of the Dirac equation -- 8.8 The method of small components -- 8.9 The Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation -- 8.10 The free electron -- 9 The Wave Equation for Many Electrons -- 9.1 The electromagnetic potentials due to a moving electron -- 9.2 The Hamiltonian for two electrons -- 9.3 The Breit equation -- 9.4 Reduction of the Breit equation to non-relativistic form -- 9.5 Radiative corrections -- 9.6 The many-electron Hamiltonian -- 10 The Molecular Hamiltonian -- 10.1 The introduction of nuclei -- 10.2 Finite nuclear size effects -- 10.3 Spectroscopically useful Hamiltonians -- 10.4 Effective Hamiltonians -- 11 The Hydrogen Atom -- 11.1 Non-relativistic theory for a one-electron atom -- 11.2 The non-relativistic approximation of the Dirac equation -- 11.3 The simultaneous eigenfunctions of j2, jz, l2, s2 and K -- 11.4 Commutation relations for the Dirac Hamiltonian -- 11.5 The Dirac equation in polar coordinates -- 11.6 Solution of the radial equations -- 11.7 The energy levels -- 11.8 Comparison of Dirac and non-relativistic atomic orbitals -- 11.9 The Lamb shift -- 11.10 More complicated systems -- 12 Quantum Field Theory -- 12.1 Quantization of the electromagnetic field -- 12.2 Solution of the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator equation -- 12.3 Creation and annihilation operators -- 12.4 Photons -- 12.5 Zero-point energy and vacuum fluctuations -- 12.6 Fermions and second quantization -- 13 The Interaction of Radiation and Matter -- 13.1 The interaction Hamiltonian -- 13.2 Time-dependent perturbation theory -- 13.3 Matrix elements of the interaction Hamiltonian -- 13.4 Absorption and emission -- 13.5 Comparison of the semiclassical and quantized theories -- 13.6 Multi-photon processes -- 13.7 The scattering of photons by molecules -- 13.8 Line widths and resonance fluorescence -- Appendix A Units -- A.1 SI units -- A.2 Conversion from the mixed (Gaussian) CGS system to the SI system -- A.3 Recommended values of physical constants -- Appendix B Vector Relations in Three Dimensions -- Appendix C General Bibliography -- Author Index.
    Kurzfassung: This book is primarily intended for graduate chemists and chemical physicists. Indeed, it is based on a graduate course that I give in the Chemistry Depart­ ment of Southampton University. Nowadays undergraduate chemistry courses usually include an introduction to quantum mechanics with particular reference to molecular properties and there are a number of excellent textbooks aimed specifically at undergraduate chemists. In valence theory and molecular spectroscopy physical concepts are often encountered that are normally taken on trust. For example, electron spin and the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron are usually accepted as postulates, although they are well understood by physicists. In addition, the advent of new techniques has led to experimental situations that can only be accounted for adequately by relatively sophisticated physical theory. Relativis­ tic corrections to molecular orbital energies are needed to explain X-ray photo­ electron spectra, while the use oflasers can give rise to multiphoton transitions, which are not easy to understand using the classical theory of radiation. Of course, the relevant equations may be extracted from the literature, but, if the underlying physics is not understood, this is a practice that is at best dissatisfy­ ing and at worst dangerous. One instance where great care must be taken is in the use of spectroscopically determined parameters to test the accuracy of elec­ tronic wave functions.
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  • 98
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    ISBN: 9789401024952
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (292p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Archives Internationales D’Histoire des Idees International Archives of the History of Ideas 59
    Serie: International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées 59
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy, modern ; History ; Religion.
    Kurzfassung: I Introduction -- I. Contemporary Despair and its Antidote -- II. Geometrical Method -- II God -- III. The Absurdity of Atheism -- IV. God’s Creativity -- III Man -- V. Body and Mind -- VI. Passion and Action -- IV Human Welfare -- VII. Good and Evil -- VIII. The Mastery of Fate -- IX. The State and Politics -- X. Religion -- XI. Human Immortality -- Epilogue -- XII Spinoza in Retrospect -- Bibliographical Appendix.
    Kurzfassung: My purpose in this book is to re-interpret the philosophy of Spinoza to a new generation. I make no attempt to compete with the historical scholar­ ship of A. H. Wolfson in tracing back Spinoza's ideas to his Ancient, Hebrew and Mediaeval forerunners, or the meticulous philosophical scrutiny of Harold Joachim, which I could wish to emulate but cannot hope to rival. I have simply relied upon the text of Spinoza's own writings in an effort to grasp and to make intelligible to others the precise meaning of his doctrine, and to decide whether, in spite of numerous apparent and serious internal conflicts, it can be understood as a consistent whole. In so doing I have found it necessary to correct what seem to me t0' be mis­ conceptions frequently entertained by commentators. Whether or not I am right in my re-interpretation, it will, I hope, contribute something fresh, if not to the knowledge of Spinoza, at least to the discussion of what he really meant to say. The limits within which I am constrained to write prevent me from drawing fully upon the great mass of scholarly writings on Spinoza, his life and times, his works and his philosophical ideas. I can only try to make amends for omissions by listing the most important works in the Spinoza bibliography, for reference by those who would seek to know more about his philosophy. This list I have added as an appendix.
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  • 99
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401023559
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Materials Science Series
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Science (General) ; Social sciences. ; Humanities.
    Kurzfassung: (The Nature of Polymer Glasses, Their Packing Density and Mechanical Behaviour) -- The Nature of Polymeric Glasses -- Packing Volume in the Glassy State -- The Rigidity of Polymer Glasses -- Large Deformations and Fracture -- References -- 1 The Thermodynamics of the Glassy State -- 1.1 Introductory Thermodynamic Considerations -- 1.2 Glassy Solidification and Transition Phenomena -- 1.3 Results of the Thermodynamic Theory of Linear Relaxation Phenomena -- 1.4 Glassy Mixed Phases -- 1.5 The Mobility and Structure of Glassy Phases -- References -- 2 X-Ray Diffraction Studies of the Structure of Amorphous Polymers -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Interaction of X-rays With Matter -- 2.3 Order and Orientation in Polymers -- 2.4 Diffraction of X-rays by Amorphous Materials -- 2.5 Small Angle X-ray Scattering -- 2.6 The Radial Distribution Function for Amorphous Polymers -- References -- 3 Relaxation Processes in Amorphous Polymers -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Molecular Motion in Polymeric Melts and Glasses -- 3.3 Secondary Relaxation Regions in Typical Organic Glasses -- References -- 4 Creep in Glassy Polymers -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.3 Apparatus and Experimental Methods -- 4.4 Creep Phenomena in Glassy Polymers -- 4.5 Final Comments -- References and Bibliography -- 5 The Yield Behaviour of Glassy Polymers -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.3 Mechanical Tests -- 5.4 Characteristics of the Yield Process -- 5.5 Inhomogeneous Deformation -- 5.6 Structural Observations -- 5.7 Yield Criteria for Polymers -- 5.8 Molecular Theories of Yielding -- References -- 6 The Post-Yield Behaviour of Amorphous Plastics -- 6.1 General -- 6.2 The Phenomena of’ strain Softening’ -- 6.3 Plastic Instability Phenomena -- 6.4 The Adiabatic Heating of Polymers Subject to Large Deformations -- 6.5 Orientation Hardening -- 6.6 Large Deformation and Fracture -- References -- 7 Cracking and Crazing in Polymeric Glasses -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Fracture Mechanics -- 7.3 Fatigue Fracture -- 7.4 Crazing -- 7.5 Molecular Fracture -- 7.6 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Rubber ReinForced Thermoplastics -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Rubber Reinforced Glassy Polymers of Commercial Importance -- 8.3 Methods of Manufacture -- 8.4 Incompatibility in Polymer Mixtures -- 8.5 Identification of Two Phase Rubber Reinforced Systems -- 8.6 Dispersed Phase Morphology -- 8.7 Optical Properties -- 8.8 Mechanical Properties -- References -- 9 The Diffusion and Sorption of Gases and Vapours in Glassy Polymers -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Ideal and Non-ideal Sorption and Diffusion of Fixed Gases -- 9.3 The Effect of the Glass Transition on Gas and Vapour Diffusion in Polymers -- 9.4 Relaxation Controlled Transport and Related Crazing of Polymeric Glasses by Vapours -- 9.5 Some Effects of Crystallinity and Orientation on the Transport of Gases and Vapours in Glassy Polymers -- References -- 10 The Morphology of Regular Block Copolymers -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Techniques Used for the Study of the Morphology of Block Copolymers -- 10.3 Variables Controlling the Morphology -- 10.4 Studies with Specific Systems -- 10.5 Theories of the Morphology of Block Copolymers -- 10.6 Implications of Theories and Comparison With Experiment -- 10.7 Mechanical Properties and Deformations -- 10.8 Crystallinity -- References -- Appendix I Glass Transition Temperatures and Expansion Coefficients for the Glass and Rubber States of some Typical Polymeric Glasses -- Appendix II Conversion Factors for SI Units.
    Kurzfassung: This work sets out to provide an up-to-date account of the physical properties and structure of polymers in the glassy state. Properties measured above the glass transition temperature are therefore included only in so far as is necessary for the treatment of the glass transition process. This approach to the subject therefore excludes any detailed account of rubber elasticity or melt rheology or of the structure and conformation of the long chain molecule in solution, although knowledge derived from this field is assumed where required. Major emphasis is placed on structural and mechanical properties, although a number of other physical properties are included. Naturally the different authors contributing to the book write mainly from their own particular points of view and where there are several widely accepted theoretical approaches to a subject, these are sometimes provided in different chapters which will necessarily overlap to a significant extent. For example, the main theoretical presentation on the subject of glass transition is given in Chapter 1. This is supplemented by accounts of the free volume theory in Chapter 3 and in the Introduction, and a short account of the work of Gibbs and DiMarzio, also in Chapter 3. Similarly, there is material on solvent cracking in Chapters 7 and 9, though the two workers approach the subject from opposite directions. Every effort has therefore been made to encourage cross-referencing between different chapters.
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  • 100
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    ISBN: 9789401024822
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (192p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Social Life 17
    Serie: Studies of Social Life 17
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Business. ; Management science. ; Strategic planning. ; Leadership.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Enterprise Management and Economic Development -- 2. Long-Range Planning -- 3. Policy-Making and Control Mechanism -- 4. Organization -- 5. The Worker and His Boss: The Leadership Styles in Taiwan -- 6. Manpower Management -- 7. Management and Enterprise Effectiveness -- 8. Summary and Conclusions: Management Transfer: Feasibility and Usefulness -- Appendix A Interview Guide -- Appendix B Questionnaire.
    Kurzfassung: The ping-pong diplomacy and its aftermath discussion, coupled with the entry of communist China into the United Nations and the subsequent expulsion of Taiwan, will generate considerable political dialogue about the changing balance of power and the fate of the other China. These political discussions will obviously overshadow the true role and function of the existence of Taiwan. Given the time, Taiwan could become a model for the development process for other emerging countries. Taiwan's experience with eco­ nomic development has real relevance for many countries. For exam­ ple, in less than two decades Taiwan has achieved the industrial and economic growth that should well make it the envy of nearly all other developing nations. Its per capita income is exceeded only by Japan among the countries of the Far East. Yet, despite vigorous economic and industrial growth, obvious breakdowns in this economic progress come into view. The lack of managerial input threatens to become a real bottleneck. The study reported in this volume examines the feasibility and utility of transferring advanced management know-how and practices into the industrial enterprises in Taiwan in order to generate further economic and industrial growth. The study itself concerns management practices and effectiveness of American subsidiaries, Japanese sub­ sidiaries, and comparable local firms in Taiwan.
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