Language:
English
Pages:
vi, 416 Seiten
Keywords:
Zentral-Asien Turkmenistan
;
Sowjet-Union
;
Geschichte
;
Staatsentstehung
;
Beziehungen Indigenes Volk-Regierung
;
Landbevölkerung
;
Nomade
;
Klan
;
Verwandtschaftssystem
;
Soziale Organisation
;
Kommunismus
;
Emanzipation, Frau
;
Elite, politische
;
Sprachpolitik
;
Nationalsprache
;
Hochschulschrift
Abstract:
In recent years, historians have argued that the Soviet Union was a "maker of nations." The Soviet state fostered incipient nation-statehood among its non-Russian minorities through the establishment of national territories, the promotion of native elites and languages, and the mobilization of the non-Russian masses. The creation of the Turkmen republic in 1924-25 from a fragmented, stateless population of nomads and peasants was in some ways a textbook case of a nation created by state fiat. Even among a people as remote from modern nationhood as the Turkmen, however, transformation was not wrought entirely from above. My dissertation examines the role of three overlapping groups of actors in the 1920s and 1930s—the central party leadership, native Turkmen elites, and the rural masses—in creating a Turkmenistan that would be national, modern, and socialist. The first chapter sets the stage for the transformation of the people who became the Soviet Turkmen, showing the ways in which they were—and were not—ripe for molding into a nation prior to 1924. The second chapter examines the creation of a Turkmen republic in the 1924-5 "national delimitation" of Soviet Central. Asia, arguing that the drawing of borders in itself stimulated the incipient nationalism of local elites. Chapter three examines the clash between the Bolshevik class-based and Turkmen kinship-based conceptions of society, which limited the Soviet regime's ability to influence Turkmen communities. Chapter four addresses the Soviet attempt to penetrate Turkmen society by transforming family relationships and "emancipating" women. Chapter five looks more broadly at questions of persuasion, coercion, and resistance in the Soviet regime's relationship with the rural masses. Chapter six examines the ambitious Soviet campaign to create a new Turkmen Soviet elite through preferential policies in hiring and education. Chapter seven discusses the Turkmen Communist Party, emphasizing the evolving relations of native Turkmen communists with their European counterparts. Chapter eight examines the efforts of Turkmen elites and Moscow-based linguists to codify a Turkmen "national literary language," a task that was a prerequisite for many other key aspects of nationality policy.
Description / Table of Contents:
Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 Sources of Identity: Turkmen Society and Culture Before 1924 -- Chapter 2 Assembling the Nation: The "National Delimitation" of Central Asia and the Creation of the Turkmen Republic -- Chapter 3 Clans, Nomads, and Class Struggle: Bolshevik Theory Meets Turkmen Reality -- Chapter 4 Out with the Old: The Assault on Custom and the "Emancipation" of Women -- Chapter 5 In with the New: The Rural Masses Between Persuasion and Coercion -- Chapter 6 The Politics of Indigenization: Promoting Native Elites and the Native Language -- Chapter 7 Helpers, not Nannies: Moscow and the Evolution of the Turkmen Communist Party -- Chapter 8 Dueling Dialects? The Creation of a Turkmen Literary Language -- Conclusion -- Note on Transliteration -- Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations -- Bibliography
Note:
Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 401-416; Photocopy by Ann Arbor, MI : UMI
,
Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, 1999
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