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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (21)
  • Frobenius-Institut
  • HeBIS
  • Bayreuth UB
  • Ethn. Museum Berlin
  • MPI-MMG
  • GRASSI Mus. Leipzig
  • Online Resource  (21)
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  • 2010-2014  (21)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979
  • 1965-1969
  • 1960-1964
  • 2013
  • 2010  (21)
  • 1987
  • 1986
  • [Paris] : Joint Transport Research Centre  (21)
  • Graue Literatur  (21)
  • Afrika
  • Geschichte
  • Materielle Kultur
Datasource
  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (21)
  • Frobenius-Institut
  • HeBIS
  • Bayreuth UB
  • Ethn. Museum Berlin
  • +
Material
  • Online Resource  (21)
  • AV-Medium
Language
Years
  • 2010-2014  (21)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979
  • 1965-1969
  • +
Year
  • 2013
  • 2010  (21)
  • 1987
  • 1986
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris] : Joint Transport Research Centre
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (13 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / Joint Transport Research Centre 2010-4
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The paper draws from already published material. In fact, a reader already familiar with the congestion charging literature will find few completely new findings or insights. The contribution of the paper is rather the selection of the most relevant, interesting, important and sometimes surprising facts, insights, findings, advice and conclusions for policymakers, out of a vast literature on congestion charging in general and Stockholm in particular.
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 12 - 13 , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (41 S.) , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / Joint Transport Research Centre 2010-8
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper will focus on taxation issues addressing CO2 emissions in the European Union. When observing the different systems in place, a very broad diversity appears even with a cursory first glance. Actually, the diversity of taxation schemes among the Member States is such that it jeopardizes the concept of a Single Market in the European Union. Furthermore, this tax environment is not predictable. Even if the question of the efficiency of using such taxes to reduce CO2 emissions is put to one side, cost-effectiveness is an important issue, including in terms of the consequences for vehicle and component manufacturers.
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 14 S., 159 KB)
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / Joint Transport Research Centre 2010-11
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur ; Konferenzschrift
    Abstract: The Symposium brought together leading transport researchers from around the world to explore a range of issues under the general theme of "the future for interurban passenger transport". A first set of papers investigates what drives demand for interurban passenger transport and infers how it may evolve in the future. The remaining papers investigate transport policy issues that emerge as key challenges from the long-run view on demand: when to invest in high-speed rail, how to regulate to ensure efficient operation, how to assign infrastructure to different types of users (e.g. cars and trucks), what role for information provision, and how to manage environmental impacts. Closing remarks summarized insights from the discussions from an academic and policy-making perspective.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Les perspectives du transport interurbain de personnes : rapprocher les citoyens , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 25 S., 271 KB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / Joint Transport Research Centre 2010,16
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Economic appraisal of transport projects in the UK, if dated from the studies of Coburn, Beesley and Reynolds (1960) and Foster and Beesley (1963), is now celebrating its fiftieth birthday. It has always been a controversial tool, generating accusations of unacceptable principle, improper application, inadequate evidence base and bias. One early application was to the appraisal of the proposed third London Airport where a critic labelled the project appraisal as "nonsense on stilts" and the method was defended against accusations of being "bastard science and/or insidious poison in the body politick" (Self 1970, Williams, 1973). Since that time, appraisal has found itself at the centre of public disputes about the road planning system, the treatment of environmental impacts, the socalled "roads generate traffic" issue and the relationship between transport and the economy. The Government established a special independent committee, SACTRA, to advise it. The 1997 Government undertook a review which led to the so-called New Approach to Appraisal, and in 2009 revisited and refreshedʺ the NATA, (...).
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Mackie, Peter: Analyse coûts/avantages dans les transports : l'approche britannique , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 20 S., 239 KB)
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / Joint Transport Research Centre 2010,19
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Economic regulation is a controversial issue, especially in the transport sector. This paper analyses a number of general transport and mode-specific issues that can provide indications for setting up regulatory bodies and orienting their strategies. It also looks at a specific national case study (Italy) where no specific regulatory institution for the transport sector has existed until now.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Ponti, Marco: De la théorie à la pratique de la réglementation des transports: généralités et étude de cas , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris] : Joint Transport Research Centre
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource ([29] S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / Joint Transport Research Centre 2010-2
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Standard textbook analyses of road pricing tend to assume that users are homogenous, that there is no travel time risk, and to have a view of congestion as static. The simple analysis also ignores that real pricing schemes are only rough approximations to ideal systems and that the general economic context may also have implications for optimal pricing. This paper reviews these issues and discusses how taking them into account may affect estimates of optimal tolls.
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris] : Joint Transport Research Centre
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (24 S.) , Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / Joint Transport Research Centre 2010-3
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Road user charging is used as an 'umbrella' term to describe a wide range of applications of pricing roads and infrastructure. Road user charging includes a number of charging measures that governments and other road owners use to: i) finance new or maintain existing road infrastructure ii) manage traffic (e.g. reduce congestion) iii) minimise environmental impacts of transport iv) internalise the external costs of road transport caused, e.g., by pollution and noise emissions. Historically, the common approach to charging for road use is some form of general taxation rather than differentiated road user charging. Road user charging has long been proposed as an efficient and equitable method to pay for road use and to fund road infrastructure projects. However, there is an important distinction between charging for revenue generation purposes as opposed to pricing roads to provide congestion relief. The two basic objectives, revenue generation and congestion management, differ in several ways, as shown in the following table.
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 24 , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris] : Joint Transport Research Centre
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 31 S., 1,36 MB) , Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / Joint Transport Research Centre 2010-10
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper, extracted from the forthcoming report on "Moving Freight with Better Trucks" describes the innovations in truck engine and vehicle technology which aim to: i)improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions of CO2; ii) improve truck efficiency by increasing payload capacity; iii) improve compliance with regulations; iv) improve safety and truck operation through the adotiopn of driver support and communication systems.
    Note: Paper extracted from the JTRC report "Moving freight with better trucks : improving safety, productivity and sustainability" , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 9
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 17 S., 203 KB)
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / Joint Transport Research Centre 2010,13
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur ; Konferenzschrift
    Abstract: If the transport sector is to make deep cuts to its carbon emissions, it is necessary to reduce the carbon-intensity of travel. Reducing travel itself, at some times and places, is sometimes justified but it is extremely unlikely that under expected global economic development patterns overall demand will decline. This holds true even if there is saturation in some markets and demand management policies are widely adopted. Technological change is therefore crucial. The emerging view is that the focus for decarbonising transport should be first to improve the fuel efficiency of conventional engines and then gradually introduce alternative technologies.
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 10
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 32 S., 241 KB)
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / Joint Transport Research Centre 2010,17
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The practice of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) has a long tradition in France, dating back to Dupuit (1849), but is still a topical subject. This practice is in fact the result of the combination of economic theory and decision processes regarding project choices. Both of these are constantly changing: advances and progress in the theory mean that the technical methods and tools used are constantly improving, while changes to decision processes and institutional organisations are transforming evaluation requirements. In some countries, the process of constant change has been very fast indeed. This is currently true in France, where major transformations are occurring. We are now leaving a period during which the doctrine was based on the strict application of traditional economic calculation and the pre-eminence of a single criterion predicated on surplus theory, and entering a phase very firmly focused on multi-criteria analysis in which traditional CBA is only one of the assessment factors. These transformations are under way, although not finished yet. However, the situation is already sufficiently clear-cut for this paper to outline the main points and pass judgment on their causes and effects.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Quinet, Emile: La pratique de l'analyse coût-bénéfice dans les transports : le cas de la France , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 11
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 22 S., 251 KB)
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / Joint Transport Research Centre 2010,21
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper discusses three connected aspects of regulation: (1) what makes a regulatory authority effective; (2) what is the legitimate role of a regulatory authority in the making and implementation of policy, and how that role may be regarded by others, and (3) the issue of independence of regulation from undue political intervention. It argues that regulators are usually established to carry out complex technical tasks which government is unable or unwilling to do, partly because government wishes to distance itself from responsibility for some decisions, but, having invested regulatory authorities with sometimes considerable powers which are more detailed and intrusive than any possessed by government over state-owned entities or industries, political or bureaucratic impatience or intolerance of that power sometimes takes over, and undue governmental pressure or interventions follow. These interventions come about either because of regulatory failures, or because politicians wish themselves to exercise regulatory powers which they regret having transferred to regulatory authorities. Regulatory independence from political intervention and regulatory freedom from political considerations is internationally recognised as an important facet of effective economic regulation, but despite that, it can come under such severe pressure that the system will fracture, causing severe loss of confidence in the regulatory system and in the reputation of the host government for fairness and respect for the integrity of the systems of checks and balances which has been established for the protection of investment. It argues that regulatory independence is as much about regulatory behaviour and legal status.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Winsor, Tom: Des autorités de régulation efficaces: leur rôle dans le processus politique et la question de leur indépendance , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 12
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 18 S., 283 KB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / Joint Transport Research Centre 2010,22
    Keywords: Elektrofahrzeug ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Electric vehicles are often presented as a green solution to the transport problem. They offer, it is argued, the benefits of the private car without its costs. They make it possible for individuals and families to move around easily, rapidly, comfortably, at any moment in time, which makes them more consumer friendly than public modes of transportation. Yet, unlike classical cars, they do not consume scarce and dwindling fossil fuel resources and do not reject greenhouse gases, nor local pollutants. (...)
    Note: Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris] : Joint Transport Research Centre
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (14 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / Joint Transport Research Centre 2010-1
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Singapore is an island-state with a land area of about 710 square km, measuring 42 km across and 23 km from north to south. Densely populated with more than 4.8 million people, its transport needs are served by an infrastructure of 147 km of MRT/LRT lines and 3,300 km of roads catering to more than 900,000 vehicles. Given its land constraints, Singapore's overall transportation strategy cannot rely on building roads and more roads to serve its populace's travel needs. It needs a comprehensive and affordable public transport system and sustainable demand management tools.
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 14 , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris] : Joint Transport Research Centre
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (23 S.)
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / Joint Transport Research Centre 2010-5
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In January 2006, a system for congestion charging was introduced in the city of Stockholm, Sweden. The charging scheme was run in the form of a full scale trial for seven months, after which it was deactivated, awaiting its evaluation and an advisory public referendum. Several parties, including representatives of the scientific community as well as media and special interest groups, have analysed and evaluated the system. A recurring theme in several of these analyses is that the cost to build and operate the system was excessive, compared to costs for other road charging installations. This study revisits some of the key project participants and archive data, to provide a deeper understanding of what were the major cost drivers and whether it can be lower in future installations. The approach taken is to emphasise understanding of the particular circumstances rather than comparing aggregates with other seemingly similar systems. A main conclusion is that the political context, with a tight time plan and very high political risks for all involved, were key factors for the eventual costs of establishing the system.
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 21 - 23 , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris] : Joint Transport Research Centre
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / Joint Transport Research Centre 2010-9
    Keywords: Kraftstoff ; Nachfrage ; Konsumentenverhalten ; Industrieökonomik ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report organizes and discusses empirical estimates of the effects of fuel prices and fuel emission standards on consumer and firm behaviour. I touch only briefly on model-free estimates. The focus is on results based on explicit models, taken mostly from the industrial organization literature. First, I review studies that identify the willingness to pay for fuel efficiency using static and dynamic models of vehicle demand. Next, I take explicitly into account that firms will adjust their product portfolios and the characteristics of the vehicles they offer. These decisions will have an impact on the choice set from which consumer demand is estimated and on the trade-off that consumers face between fuel efficiency and other desirable characteristics. Finally, I discuss models where firms choose to invest in innovations to achieve fuel efficiency gains without sacrificing characteristics.
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 28 - 32 , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris] : Joint Transport Research Centre
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 36 S., 208 KB)
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / Joint Transport Research Centre 2010,14
    Keywords: Straßenverkehr ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Straßenverkehr ; Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Verkehrsverhalten ; Fahrzeugtechnik ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: A brief review of long run projections of demand for road transport suggests that problems related to road network congestion and greenhouse gas emissions are likely to become more pressing than they are now. Hence we review, from a macroscopic perspective, popular policy measures to address these problems: stimulating modal shift, regulating land use to reduce car use, and boosting low carbon technology adoption to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We find that these policies can produce tangible results, but that they may have unintended consequences that drive up costs considerably. -- Transport ; environment ; modal choice ; climate change ; car technology
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  • 17
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 37 S., 528 KB) , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / Joint Transport Research Centre 2010,20
    Keywords: Luftverkehr ; Luftverkehrspolitik ; Regulierung ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The heated debate on the regulatory framework for airports has highlighted the importance of creating good institutions for air transport in general. This paper defines the concept of effective regulatory institutions for air transport. It also describes the value chain for air transport and how the state intervenes with what type of regulatory institution. The paper concludes by highlighting the institutional reforms necessary to make regulation effective.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris] : Joint Transport Research Centre
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (29 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / Joint Transport Research Centre 2010-6
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Passenger vehicles are a major source of greenhouse gas emissions and prodigious consumers of petroleum, making their fuel economy an important focus of energy policy. Whether or not the market for fuel economy functions efficiently has important implications for both the type and intensity of energy and environmental policies for motor vehicles. There are undoubtedly imperfections in the market for fuel economy but their consequences are difficult to quantify. The evidence from econometric studies, mostly from the US, is reviewed and shown to vary widely, providing evidence for both significant under- and over-valuation and everything in between. Market research is scarce, but indicates that the rational economic model, in general, does not appear to be used by consumers when comparing the fuel economy of new vehicles. Some recent studies have stressed the role of uncertainty and risk or loss aversion in consumers’ decision making. Uncertainty plus loss aversion appears to be a reasonable theoretical model of consumers’ evaluation of fuel economy, with profound implications for manufacturers’ technology and design decisions. The theory implies that markets will substantially undervalue fuel economy relative to its expected present value. It also has potentially important implications for welfare analysis of alternative policy instruments.
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 26 - 29 , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris] : Joint Transport Research Centre
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / Joint Transport Research Centre 2010-7
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Policymakers and economists have considered a number of different policies to reduce carbon emissions, including a carbon tax, a cap-and-trade permit system, a subsidy for the purchase or use of low-carbon vehicle technology, a renewable fuel standard, and mandates on manufacturers to increase the average fuel efficiency of the cars they sell. In this paper, we address issues in the use of these instruments separately or together. We consider the conditions under which policy makers should consider each such policy, and we show how the stringency of one such policy must depend upon the extent to which other such policies are already employed.
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 27 , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 20
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 21 S., 551 KB)
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / Joint Transport Research Centre 2010,12
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur ; Konferenzschrift
    Abstract: The Round Table addressed the broad question of what research and experience tell us about how to arrive at a successful introduction of congestion charging schemes. Attention was limited mostly to urbanized areas where road traffic congestion is or may become an issue. "Success" means (a) that a policy is implemented, (b) that it works, (c) that it is accepted by actual and potential users, and (d) that it generates benefits for society overall. In order to shed light on these dimensions of success, lessons are drawn from more and less successful attempts to implement charges. In addition, we ask if and how the evolving understanding of the economics of road traffic congestion charging might affect the assessment of congestion charging policy. The conclusions in Section 4 summarize the main recommendations for policy-makers that contemplate the introduction (or the removal) of congestion charges.
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  • 21
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 20 S., 536 KB) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / Joint Transport Research Centre 2010,18
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Mexico's public investment process is strengthened by an institutional framework that ensures that projects with a high social return are given preference. The Federal Law of Budget and Financial Responsibility establishes as prerequisite for federal investments the obligation to present a Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA), and to get the Investment Unit approval. This paper describes the use of CBA for the social and economic evaluation of transport infrastructure in Mexico and is made from the point of view of the role of the Ministry of Finance's Investment Unit in the appraisal process.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Ramírez Soberanis, Vladimir: La pratique de l'analyse coût-avantages dans les transports : une perspective mexicaine , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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