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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (9)
  • Würzburg UB
  • Deininger, Klaus  (6)
  • Kurukulasuriya, Pradeep  (3)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (9)
  • Rural Development  (9)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Differential Adaptation Strategies By Agro-Ecological Zones In African Livestock Management (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (46 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Seo, S. Niggol Differential Adaptation Strategies By Agro-Ecological Zones In African Livestock Management
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animal ; Animal species ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Dairy ; Dairy cattle ; Environment ; Farmer ; Livestock ; Livestock Management ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Livestock operation ; Livestock ownership ; Peri-Urban Communities ; Rural Development ; Rural Urban Linkages ; Sheep ; Urban Development ; Wildlife Resources ; Agriculture ; Animal ; Animal species ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Dairy ; Dairy cattle ; Environment ; Farmer ; Livestock ; Livestock Management ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Livestock operation ; Livestock ownership ; Peri-Urban Communities ; Rural Development ; Rural Urban Linkages ; Sheep ; Urban Development ; Wildlife Resources ; Agriculture ; Animal ; Animal species ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Dairy ; Dairy cattle ; Environment ; Farmer ; Livestock ; Livestock Management ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Livestock operation ; Livestock ownership ; Peri-Urban Communities ; Rural Development ; Rural Urban Linkages ; Sheep ; Urban Development ; Wildlife Resources
    Abstract: This paper examines how farmers have adapted their livestock operation to the current climate in each agro-ecological zone in Africa. The authors examine how climate has affected the farmer's choice to raise livestock or not and the choice of animal species. To measure adaptation, the analysis regresses the farmer's choice on climate, soil, water flow, and socio-economic variables. The findings show that climate does in fact affect the farmer's decision about whether to raise livestock and the species. The paper also simulates how future climates may alter these decisions using forecasts from climate models and the estimated model. With a hot dry scenario, livestock ownership will increase slightly across all of Africa, but especially in West Africa and high elevation agro-ecological zones. Dairy cattle will decrease in semi-arid regions, sheep will increase in the lowlands, and chickens will increase at high elevations. With a mild and wet scenario, however, livestock adoption will fall dramatically in lowland and high latitude moist agro-ecological zones. Beef cattle will increase and sheep will fall in dry zones, dairy cattle will fall precipitously and goats will rise in moist zones, and chickens will increase at high elevations but fall at mid elevations. Livestock adaptations depend on the climate scenario and will vary across the landscape. Agro-ecological zones are a useful way to capture how these changes differ from place to place
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Ricardian Analysis of The Distribution of Climate Change Impacts On Agriculture Across Agro-Ecological Zones In Africa (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (30 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Seo, S. Niggol A Ricardian Analysis of The Distribution of Climate Change Impacts On Agriculture Across Agro-Ecological Zones In Africa
    Keywords: Climate ; Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Common Property Resource Development ; Environment ; Forestry ; Global Environment ; Global warming ; Greenhouse gas ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Greenhouse gases ; IPCC ; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ; Rural Development ; Soil ; Climate ; Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Common Property Resource Development ; Environment ; Forestry ; Global Environment ; Global warming ; Greenhouse gas ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Greenhouse gases ; IPCC ; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ; Rural Development ; Soil ; Climate ; Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Common Property Resource Development ; Environment ; Forestry ; Global Environment ; Global warming ; Greenhouse gas ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Greenhouse gases ; IPCC ; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ; Rural Development ; Soil
    Abstract: This paper examines the distribution of climate change impacts across the 16 agro-ecological zones in Africa using data from the Food and Agriculture Organization combined with economic survey data from a Global Environment Facility/World Bank project. Net revenue per hectare of cropland is regressed on a set of climate, soil, and socio-economic variables using different econometric specifications "with" and "without" country fixed effects. Country fixed effects slightly reduce predicted future climate related damage to agriculture. With a mild climate scenario, African farmers gain income from climate change; with a more severe scenario, they lose income. Some locations are more affected than others. The analysis of agro-ecological zones implies that the effects of climate change will vary across Africa. For example, currently productive areas such as dry/moist savannah are more vulnerable to climate change while currently less productive agricultural zones such as humid forest or sub-humid zones become more productive in the future. The agro-ecological zone classification can help explain the variation of impacts across the landscape
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Land Reforms, Poverty Reduction, And Economic Growth : Evidence From India (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (30 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Deininger, Klaus Land Reforms, Poverty Reduction, And Economic Growth
    Keywords: Asset Redistribution ; Economic Growth ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Income ; Income Growth ; Inequality ; Land Reform ; Land Reforms ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Municipal Housing and Land ; Political Economy ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural ; Rural Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Asset Redistribution ; Economic Growth ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Income ; Income Growth ; Inequality ; Land Reform ; Land Reforms ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Municipal Housing and Land ; Political Economy ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural ; Rural Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Asset Redistribution ; Economic Growth ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Income ; Income Growth ; Inequality ; Land Reform ; Land Reforms ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Municipal Housing and Land ; Political Economy ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural ; Rural Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: Recognition of the importance of institutions that provide security of property rights and relatively equal access to economic resources to a broad cross-section of society has renewed interest in the potential of asset redistribution, including land reforms. Empirical analysis of the impact of such policies is, however, scant and often contradictory. This paper uses panel household data from India, together with state-level variation in the implementation of land reform, to address some of the deficiencies of earlier studies. The results suggest that land reform had a significant and positive impact on income growth and accumulation of human and physical capital. The paper draws policy implications, especially from the fact that the observed impact of land reform seems to have declined over time
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Assessing The Functioning of Land Rental Markets In Ethiopia (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Deininger, Klaus Assessing The Functioning of Land Rental Markets In Ethiopia
    Keywords: Communities & Human Settlements ; Cultivation ; Economic Development ; Labor Policies ; Land Leasing ; Land Markets ; Land Owners ; Land Ownership ; Land Rental ; Land Resources ; Land Use ; Land Use and Policies ; Municipal Housing and Land ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction ; Sharecropping ; Social Protections and Labor ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Cultivation ; Economic Development ; Labor Policies ; Land Leasing ; Land Markets ; Land Owners ; Land Ownership ; Land Rental ; Land Resources ; Land Use ; Land Use and Policies ; Municipal Housing and Land ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction ; Sharecropping ; Social Protections and Labor ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Cultivation ; Economic Development ; Labor Policies ; Land Leasing ; Land Markets ; Land Owners ; Land Ownership ; Land Rental ; Land Resources ; Land Use ; Land Use and Policies ; Municipal Housing and Land ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction ; Sharecropping ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Although a large theoretical literature discusses the possible inefficiency of sharecropping contracts, the empirical evidence on this phenomenon has been ambiguous at best. Household-level fixed-effect estimates from about 8,500 plots operated by households that own and sharecrop land in the Ethiopian highlands provide support for the hypothesis of Marshallian inefficiency. At the same time, a factor adjustment model suggests that the extent to which rental markets allow households to attain their desired operational holding size is extremely limited. Our analysis points towards factor market imperfections (no rental for oxen), lack of alternative employment opportunities, and tenure insecurity as possible reasons underlying such behavior, suggesting that, rather than worrying almost exclusively about Marshallian inefficiency, it is equally warranted to give due attention to the policy framework within which land rental markets operate
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  • 5
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    Securing Property Rights In Transition : Lessons From Implementation of China's Rural Land Contracting Law (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (36 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Deininger, Klaus Securing Property Rights In Transition
    Keywords: Access to Finance ; Common Property Resource Development ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Conceptual Framework ; Economic Development ; Economic Growth ; Economic Policies ; Effective Use ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environments ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Land Use ; Municipal Housing and Land ; Private Property ; Property Rights ; Real Estate Development ; Retained Earnings ; Rural Development ; Access to Finance ; Common Property Resource Development ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Conceptual Framework ; Economic Development ; Economic Growth ; Economic Policies ; Effective Use ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environments ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Land Use ; Municipal Housing and Land ; Private Property ; Property Rights ; Real Estate Development ; Retained Earnings ; Rural Development ; Access to Finance ; Common Property Resource Development ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Conceptual Framework ; Economic Development ; Economic Growth ; Economic Policies ; Effective Use ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environments ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Land Use ; Municipal Housing and Land ; Private Property ; Property Rights ; Real Estate Development ; Retained Earnings ; Rural Development
    Abstract: This paper is motivated by the emphasis on secure property rights as a determinant of economic development in recent literature. The authors use village and household level information from about 800 villages throughout China to explore whether legal reform increased protection of land rights against unauthorized reallocation or expropriation with below-average compensation by the state. The analysis provides nation-wide evidence on a sensitive topic. The authors find positive impacts, equivalent to increasing land values by 30 percent, of reform even in the short term. Reform originated in villages where democratic election of leaders ensured a minimum level of accountability, pointing toward complementarity between good governance and legal reform. The paper explores the implications for situations where individuals and groups hold overlapping rights to land
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    The Impact of Climate Change On African Agriculture : A Ricardian Approach (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (25 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Maddison, David The Impact of Climate Change On African Agriculture
    Keywords: Climate ; Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Climate change research ; Common Property Resource Development ; Emissions ; Environment ; Global Environment ; Global warming ; Kyoto Protocol ; Potential impacts ; Precipitation ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Soil ; Temperature ; Climate ; Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Climate change research ; Common Property Resource Development ; Emissions ; Environment ; Global Environment ; Global warming ; Kyoto Protocol ; Potential impacts ; Precipitation ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Soil ; Temperature ; Climate ; Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Climate change research ; Common Property Resource Development ; Emissions ; Environment ; Global Environment ; Global warming ; Kyoto Protocol ; Potential impacts ; Precipitation ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Soil ; Temperature
    Abstract: This paper uses the Ricardian approach to examine how farmers in 11 countries in Africa have adapted to existing climatic conditions. It then estimates the effects of predicted changes in climate while accounting for whatever farmer adaptation might occur. This study differs from earlier ones by using farmers' own perceptions of the value of their land. Previous research, by contrast, has relied on either observed sale prices or net revenues, sometimes aggregated over geographically large tracts of terrain. The study also makes use of high resolution data describing soil quality and runoff. Furthermore, it tackles the challenges involved in modeling the effect of climate on agriculture in a study that includes countries in the northern and southern hemispheres, as well as the tropics. The study confirms that African agriculture is particularly vulnerable to climate change. Even with perfect adaptation, regional climate change by 2050 is predicted to entail production losses of 19.9 percent for Burkina Faso and 30.5 percent for Niger. By contrast, countries such as Ethiopia and South Africa are hardly affected at all, suffering productivity losses of only 1.3 percent and 3 percent, respectively. The study also confirms the importance of water supplies as measured by runoff, which, being affected by both temperature and precipitation, may itself be highly sensitive to climate change
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  • 7
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    Do Overlapping Property Rights Reduce Agricultural Investment ? : Evidence From Uganda (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (29 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Deininger, Klaus Do Overlapping Property Rights Reduce Agricultural Investment ?
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Classification ; Common Property Resource Development ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Conservation ; Economic growth ; Fruits ; Labor Policies ; Land management ; Land ownership ; Land use ; Municipal Housing and Land ; Plots ; Real Estate Development ; Rural Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Water Resources ; Wetlands ; Wetlands ; Agriculture ; Classification ; Common Property Resource Development ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Conservation ; Economic growth ; Fruits ; Labor Policies ; Land management ; Land ownership ; Land use ; Municipal Housing and Land ; Plots ; Real Estate Development ; Rural Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Water Resources ; Wetlands ; Wetlands ; Agriculture ; Classification ; Common Property Resource Development ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Conservation ; Economic growth ; Fruits ; Labor Policies ; Land management ; Land ownership ; Land use ; Municipal Housing and Land ; Plots ; Real Estate Development ; Rural Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Water Resources ; Wetlands ; Wetlands
    Abstract: The need for land-related investment to ensure sustainable land management and increase productivity of land use is widely recognized. However, there is little rigorous evidence on the effects of property rights for increasing agricultural productivity and contributing toward poverty reduction in Africa. Whether and by how much overlapping property rights reduce investment incentives, and the scope for policies to counter such disincentives, are thus important policy issues. Using information on parcels under ownership and usufruct by the same household from a nationally representative survey in Uganda, the authors find significant disincentives associated with overlapping property rights on short and long-term investments. The paper combines this result with information on crop productivity to obtain a rough estimate of the magnitudes involved. The authors make suggestions on ways to eliminate such inefficiencies
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  • 8
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    Rural Land Certification In Ethiopia : Process, Initial Impact, And Implications For Other African Countries (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (31 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Zevenbergen, Jaap Rural Land Certification In Ethiopia
    Keywords: Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems ; Agriculture ; Common Property ; Common Property Resource Development ; Common Property Resources ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Compensation ; E-Business ; Enforcement ; Enforcement Mechanisms ; Environment ; Environments ; Land ; Land Administration ; Land Grabbing ; Land Use and Policies ; Municipal Housing and Land ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Urban Development ; Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems ; Agriculture ; Common Property ; Common Property Resource Development ; Common Property Resources ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Compensation ; E-Business ; Enforcement ; Enforcement Mechanisms ; Environment ; Environments ; Land ; Land Administration ; Land Grabbing ; Land Use and Policies ; Municipal Housing and Land ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Urban Development ; Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems ; Agriculture ; Common Property ; Common Property Resource Development ; Common Property Resources ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Compensation ; E-Business ; Enforcement ; Enforcement Mechanisms ; Environment ; Environments ; Land ; Land Administration ; Land Grabbing ; Land Use and Policies ; Municipal Housing and Land ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Urban Development
    Abstract: Although many African countries have recently adopted highly innovative and pro-poor land laws, lack of implementation thwarts their potentially far-reaching impact on productivity, poverty reduction, and governance. The authors use a representative household survey from Ethiopia where, over a short period, certificates to more than 20 million plots were issued to describe the certification process, explore its incidence and preliminary impact, and quantify the costs. While this provides many suggestions to ensure sustainability and enhance impact, Ethiopia's highly cost-effective first-time registration process provides important lessons
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  • 9
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    Asset Distribution, Inequality, and Growth (1999)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (34 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Deininger, Klaus Asset Distribution, Inequality, and Growth
    Keywords: Asset Distribution ; Asset Inequality ; Consumption ; Economic Growth ; Economic Policy ; Economic Theory and Research ; Empirical Evidence ; Equity and Development ; Exogenous Shocks ; Factor Endowments ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Growth Literature ; Growth Regressions ; Human Capital ; Income ; Income Inequality ; Inequality ; Inequality ; Inequality-Growth Relationship ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Labor Policies ; Long-Term Growth ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Negative Impact ; Negative Relationship ; Policy Level ; Political Economy ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Property Rights ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor ; Asset Distribution ; Asset Inequality ; Consumption ; Economic Growth ; Economic Policy ; Economic Theory and Research ; Empirical Evidence ; Equity and Development ; Exogenous Shocks ; Factor Endowments ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Growth Literature ; Growth Regressions ; Human Capital ; Income ; Income Inequality ; Inequality ; Inequality ; Inequality-Growth Relationship ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Labor Policies ; Long-Term Growth ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Negative Impact ; Negative Relationship ; Policy Level ; Political Economy ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Property Rights ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: June 2000 - Policymakers addressing the impact of inequality on growth should be more concerned about households' access to assets - and to the opportunities associated with them - than about the distribution of income. Asset inequality - but not income inequality - has a relatively great negative impact on growth and also reduces the effectiveness of educational interventions. With the recent resurgence of interest in equity, inequality, and growth, the possibility of a negative relationship between inequality and economic growth has received renewed interest in the literature. Faced with the prospect that high levels of inequality may persist and give rise to poverty traps, policymakers are paying more attention to the distributional implications of macroeconomic policies. Because high levels of inequality may hurt overall growth, policymakers are exploring measures to promote growth and equity at the same time. How the consequences of inequality are analyzed, along with the possible cures, depends partly on how inequality is measured. Deininger and Olinto use assets (land) rather than income - and a GMM estimator - to examine the robustness of the relationship between inequality and growth that has been observed in the cross-sectional literature but has been drawn into question by recent studies using panel techniques. They find evidence that asset inequality - but not income inequality - has a relatively large negative impact on growth. They also find that a highly unequal distribution of assets reduces the effectiveness of educational interventions. This means that policymakers should be more concerned about households' access to assets, and to the opportunities associated with them, than about the distribution of income. Long-term growth might be improved by measures to prevent large jumps in asset inequality - possibly irreversible asset loss because of exogenous shocks - and by policies to facilitate asset accumulation by the poor. This paper - a product of Rural Development, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to examine the determinants and impact of inequality. The authors may be contacted at kdeiningerworldbank.org or polinto@worldbank.org
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