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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (2,942)
  • München BSB
  • Online Resource  (2,942)
  • Social Issues/Migration/Health  (2,942)
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  • Online Resource  (2,942)
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  • 101
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Προφίλ χωρών για τον καρκίνο: Κύπροσ 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264334212
    Language: Greek, Modern (1453- )
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe EU Country Cancer Profile: Cyprus 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Cyprus
    Abstract: Τα προφίλ χώρας για τον καρκίνο προσδιορίζουν πλεονεκτήματα, προκλήσεις και συγκεκριμένους τομείς δράσης για καθένα από τα 27 κράτη μέλη της ΕΕ, την Ισλανδία και τη Νορβηγία, με σκοπό την καθοδήγηση των επενδύσεων και των παρεμβάσεων σε ενωσιακό, εθνικό και περιφερειακό επίπεδο στο πλαίσιο του ευρωπαϊκού σχεδίου για την καταπολέμηση του καρκίνου. Κάθε Προφίλ Χώρας για τον Καρκίνο παρέχει μια σύντομη σύνθεση: της εθνικής επιβάρυνσης από τον καρκίνο; παραγόντων κινδύνου για τον καρκίνο (με έμφαση στους παράγοντες κινδύνου συμπεριφοράς και περιβάλλοντος) ; προγραμμάτων έγκαιρης διάγνωσης ; επιδόσεων της φροντίδας για τον καρκίνο (με έμφαση στην προσβασιμότητα, την ποιότητα της περίθαλψης, το κόστος και τον αντίκτυπο της COVID-19 στην περίθαλψη για τον καρκίνο).
    DOI: 10.1787/350b8bd1-el
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 102
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Κύπρος: Προφίλ Υγείας 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264940024
    Language: Greek, Modern (1453- )
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cyprus: Country Health Profile 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Cyprus
    Abstract: Το παρόν προφίλ παρέχει μια συνοπτική και επικεντρωμένη στην πολιτική επισκόπηση της κατάστασης της υγείας και του συστήματος υγειονομικής περίθαλψης στην Κύπρο, ως μέρος της ευρύτερης σειράς προφίλ υγείας χωρών της πρωτοβουλίας "Η κατάσταση της υγείας στην ΕΕ". Παρουσιάζει μια συνοπτική ανάλυση που περιλαμβάνει τις ακόλουθες βασικές πτυχές: την τρέχουσα κατάσταση της υγείας στην Κύπρο, τους καθοριστικούς παράγοντες της υγείας, με έμφαση στους παράγοντες κινδύνου συμπεριφοράς, την οργάνωση του κυπριακού συστήματος υγειονομικής περίθαλψης και μια αξιολόγηση της αποτελεσματικότητας, της προσβασιμότητας και της ανθεκτικότητας του συστήματος υγείας. Επιπλέον, η έκδοση του 2023 παρουσιάζει μια θεματική ενότητα για την κατάσταση της ψυχικής υγείας και των σχετικών υπηρεσιών στην Κύπρο. Το προφίλ αυτό αποτελεί κοινή προσπάθεια του ΟΟΣΑ και του Ευρωπαϊκού Παρατηρητηρίου Συστημάτων και Πολιτικών Υγείας, που πραγματοποιήθηκε σε συνεργασία με την Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή.
    DOI: 10.1787/4cfc5f43-el
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  • 103
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    웰빙 관점에서 본 건조 환경 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264543478 , 9789264745773 , 9789264851276
    Language: Korean
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (145 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Built Environment through a Well-being Lens
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: 이 보고서는 건조 환경(예: 주택, 교통, 인프라, 도시 계획)이 사람들의 삶과 어떻게 상호작용하고 웰빙과 지속가능성에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 살펴봅니다. 이 보고서는 OECD 웰빙 프레임워크에 기반하여 건조 환경과 사람들의 삶과의 상호작용을 물질적, 비물질적 측면에서 살펴보며, 특히 몇 가지 주요 웰빙 차원(예: 건강, 안전, 사회적 연결)에 중점을 둡니다. 이 보고서는 웰빙 렌즈를 통해 건조 환경을 정의하고 문헌 연구, 정책 사례 및 공식 데이터를 통해 건조환경 측정에 대한 시사점을 도출합니다. 또한 OECD 국가의 건조 환경과 그 구성 요소의 상태 및 웰빙과 지속 가능성과의 상호 관계를 연구합니다. 건조 환경 맥락에서 웰빙 렌즈를 통한 통합적인 정책 접근 방식의 정책 사례도 조명됩니다. 이 보고서는 관련 데이터와 기존 연구를 범주화함으로써 이 주제에 대한 추가적인 작업의 토대를 마련하기 위한 것입니다.
    DOI: 10.1787/eac218d6-ko
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  • 104
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Профили на държавите по отношение на рака: България 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264671324
    Language: Bulgarian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe EU Country Cancer Profile: Bulgaria 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Bulgaria
    Abstract: Профилите на държавите по отношение на рака определят силните страни, предизвикателствата и специфичните области на действие за всяка от 27-те държави — членки на ЕС, Исландия и Норвегия, за да насочват инвестициите. и интервенциите на европейско, национално и регионално равнище в рамките на европейския план за борба с рака. Всеки национален профил по отношение на рака представя в синтезиран вид: болестния товар на онкологичните заболявания в страната; тенденциите по отношение на рисковите фактори за рак (с акцент върху факторите свързани с поведението и околната среда) ; програмите за ранно откриване на онкологичните заболявания; ефективността на онкологичните грижи, с фокус върху достъпността (качеството на грижите, разходите и въздействието на COVID-19 върху грижите за пациентите с рак).
    DOI: 10.1787/fa33bc55-bg
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  • 105
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Преодоление экономических бурь в странах Центральной Азии: первые последствия войны в Украине (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264586659 , 9789264515680 , 9789264367593
    Language: Russian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (67 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Weathering Economic Storms in Central Asia: Initial Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Trade
    Abstract: Война России против Украины и введенные против нее международные санкции неожиданно мягко отразились на Центральной Азии, несмотря на глубокую экономическую зависимость региона от своего северного соседа. Невзирая на высокую инфляцию, пять государств Центральной Азии - Казахстан, Кыргызстан, Таджикистан, Туркменистан и Узбекистан - до сих пор демонстрировали удивительную устойчивость к экономическим потрясениям: денежные переводы зарегистрировали рекордно высокие показатели в первой половине 2022 года, национальные валюты быстро вернулись к довоенному уровню после изначального падения, а приток квалифицированных работников повысил спрос на услуги и гостиничный бизнес. Однако по мере того, как начинают проявляться среднесрочные последствия санкций против России, глобального кризиса стоимости жизни и замедления экономического роста Китая, Центральная Азия сталкивается с затянувшейся неопределенностью. В данной публикации дается оценка краткосрочных последствий войны России для экономик Центральной Азии и ответных мер политики. В ней также анализируются предстоящие задачи, и представлены политические рекомендации, направленные на большую устойчивость и диверсификацию экономик Центральной Азии.
    DOI: 10.1787/1f532c6e-ru
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  • 106
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Defining and classifying AI in the workplace (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.290
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This document serves both as a conceptual and practical guide for defining and classifying AI, in order to help stakeholders analyse and understand its impact on the workplace. It first discusses how AI can be defined and provides a selection of AI use cases to help stakeholders identify AI and distinguish it from other advanced technologies. The document then provides a framework for classifying AI according to its impact on the workplace, consisting of a set of questions intended to help stakeholders evaluate any AI application from a workplace perspective (either a priori or ex post) and to promote informed discussion so that AI is implemented in a way that empowers and complements workers and improves job quality, and that no one is left behind.
    DOI: 10.1787/59e89d7f-en
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  • 107
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exploring the feasibility of monitoring access to novel medicines : A pilot study in EU Member States (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.151
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Ensuring affordable access to novel medicines has been identified as a policy priority among OECD and EU countries, yet systematic monitoring of the various dimensions of access is lacking. Previous efforts to measure access have focused primarily on one or at most two of these dimensions, such as availability and affordability, but a more holistic picture is needed. The OECD undertook a pilot study in EU Member States that aimed to determine the utility and feasibility of routine, cross-national monitoring of access to medicines across multiple dimensions. The work included a desk review to define the dimensions of access and associated indicators, followed by an OECD survey to explore the feasibility of collecting and analysing the relevant data for a convenience sample of 15 recently authorised product/indication pairs. This working paper presents key learnings from the desk review and country survey to which 21 EU Member States responded, with a focus on exploring the utility and feasibility of the processes of monitoring and measurement.
    DOI: 10.1787/8c1d16c4-en
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  • 108
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Profili sul cancro per paese: Italia 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264325494
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe EU Country Cancer Profile: Italy 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Italy
    Abstract: I profili sul cancro per paese identificano i punti di forza, le sfide e le aree d’azione specifiche per ciascuno dei 27 Stati membri dell’UE, l’Islanda e la Norvegia, per orientare gli investimenti e gli interventi a livello europeo, nazionale e regionale nell’ambito del piano europeo di lotta contro il cancro. Ciascun Profilo del cancro nazionale fornisce una breve sintesi di: il carico oncologico nazionale; i fattori di rischio per il cancro (con particolare attenzione ai fattori di rischio comportamentali e ambientali); i programmi di diagnosi precoce; le prestazioni dell’assistenza oncologica (con particolare attenzione all’accessibilità, alla qualità dell’assistenza, ai costi e all’impatto della COVID-19 sull’assistenza oncologica).
    DOI: 10.1787/e8b5d03a-it
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  • 109
    Online Resource
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    EU Country Cancer Profile: Luxembourg 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264570740
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: EU Country Cancer Profiles
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Profils sur le cancer par pays : Luxembourg 2023
    Keywords: Krebskrankheit ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheit ; Luxemburg ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Luxembourg ; Statistik ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: This profile identifies strengths, challenges and specific areas of action on cancer prevention and care in Luxembourg as part of the European Cancer Inequalities Registry, a flagship initiative of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan. It provides a short synthesis of: the national cancer burden; risk factors for cancer (focusing on behavioural and environmental risk factors); early detection programmes; and cancer care performance (focusing on accessibility, care quality, costs and the impact of COVID-19 on cancer care).
    DOI: 10.1787/6c6cdb7d-en
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  • 110
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The impact of AI on the workplace: Evidence from OECD case studies of AI implementation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (114 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.289
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: How artificial intelligence (AI) will impact workplaces is a central question for the future of work, with potentially significant implications for jobs, productivity, and worker well-being. Yet, knowledge gaps remain in terms of how firms, workers, and worker representatives are adapting. This study addresses these gaps through a qualitative approach. It is based on nearly 100 case studies of the impacts of AI technologies on workplaces in the manufacturing and finance sectors of eight OECD countries. The study shows that, to date, job reorganisation appears more prevalent than job displacement, with automation prompting the reorientation of jobs towards tasks in which humans have a comparative advantage. Job quality improvements associated with AI – reductions in tedium, greater worker engagement, and improved physical safety – may be its strongest endorsement from a worker perspective. The study also highlights challenges – skill requirements and reports of increased work intensity – underscoring the need for policies to ensure that AI technologies benefit everyone.
    DOI: 10.1787/2247ce58-en
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  • 111
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    Online Resource
    Nowcasting and provisional estimates of income inequality using microsimulation techniques (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Papers on Well-being and Inequalities no.12
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The OECD Income Distribution Database (IDD) plays a leading role in providing evidence, and in monitoring and analysing international income distribution statistics to inform policy debate. In most OECD countries, official income distribution statistics are usually delivered with time lags varying from two to three years. This paper examines the growing use by statistical offices of nowcasting techniques based on microsimulation models to produce more timely provisional estimates, and examines the advantages and challenges associated with these techniques. The paper also presents provisional estimates of income inequality in 2020 for a selection of OECD countries, based on a compilation carried out by the OECD Secretariat in collaboration with Eurostat and national statistical offices. Finally, it discusses potential future developments and applications of these techniques.
    DOI: 10.1787/c0b88e7f-en
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  • 112
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    Profils sur le cancer par pays : Luxembourg 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264544376
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe EU Country Cancer Profile: Luxembourg 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: Les profils sur le cancer par pays : Belgique 2023 sur le cancer par pays identifient les forces, les faiblesses et les domaines d’action spécifiques de chacun des 27 États membres de l’UE, de l’Islande et de la Norvège, afin d’orienter les investissements et les interventions aux niveaux européen, national et régional dans le cadre du plan “Vaincre le cancer en Europe”. Le profil sur le cancer fournit une synthèse des points suivants : la charge nationale du cancer, les facteurs de risque du cancer (en mettant l’accent sur les facteurs de risque liés au comportement et à l’environnement), les programmes de détection précoce, (les performances en matière de soins oncologiques (en mettant l’accent sur l’accessibilité, la qualité des soins, les coûts et l’impact de COVID-19 sur les soins oncologiques).
    DOI: 10.1787/2dd48bb0-fr
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  • 113
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    EU Country Cancer Profile: Romania 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264409217
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: EU Country Cancer Profiles
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Profil de țară privind cancerul: România 2023
    Keywords: Krebskrankheit ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheit ; Rumänien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Romania ; Statistik ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: This profile identifies strengths, challenges and specific areas of action on cancer prevention and care in Romania as part of the European Cancer Inequalities Registry, a flagship initiative of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan. It provides a short synthesis of: the national cancer burden; risk factors for cancer (focusing on behavioural and environmental risk factors); early detection programmes; and cancer care performance (focusing on accessibility, care quality, costs and the impact of COVID-19 on cancer care).
    DOI: 10.1787/267467c6-en
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  • 114
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    Risks of Illicit Trade in Counterfeits to Small and Medium-Sized Firms (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264681606 , 9789264875579 , 9789264564671
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Illicit Trade
    Keywords: Illegaler Handel ; Produktpiraterie ; Wirkungsanalyse ; KMU ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Governance
    Abstract: Illicit trade in counterfeit goods causes economic damage by reducing sales and profits as well as innovation incentives in legitimate industries. This study looks at damages caused by illicit trade in counterfeits to small and medium-sized enterprises. The robust evidence on the magnitude, scope and trends of this risk informs policy makers about the need to include anti-counterfeiting elements in policy packages designed to support SMEs.
    DOI: 10.1787/fa6d5089-en
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  • 115
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    EU Country Cancer Profile: Malta 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264462298
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: EU Country Cancer Profiles
    Keywords: Krebskrankheit ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheit ; Malta ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Malta ; Statistik ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: This profile identifies strengths, challenges and specific areas of action on cancer prevention and care in Malta as part of the European Cancer Inequalities Registry, a flagship initiative of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan. It provides a short synthesis of: the national cancer burden; risk factors for cancer (focusing on behavioural and environmental risk factors); early detection programmes; and cancer care performance (focusing on accessibility, care quality, costs and the impact of COVID-19 on cancer care).
    DOI: 10.1787/cff97a9a-en
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  • 116
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    EU Country Cancer Profile: Estonia 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264775176
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: EU Country Cancer Profiles
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Riigi vähiprofiil: Eesti 2023
    Keywords: Krebskrankheit ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheit ; Estland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Estonia ; Statistik ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: This profile identifies strengths, challenges and specific areas of action on cancer prevention and care in Estonia as part of the European Cancer Inequalities Registry, a flagship initiative of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan. It provides a short synthesis of: the national cancer burden; risk factors for cancer (focusing on behavioural and environmental risk factors); early detection programmes; and cancer care performance (focusing on accessibility, care quality, costs and the impact of COVID-19 on cancer care).
    DOI: 10.1787/8434f41c-en
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  • 117
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    Landsprofiler om cancer: Sverige 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264614666
    Language: Swedish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe EU Country Cancer Profile: Sweden 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Sweden
    Abstract: I landsprofilerna om cancer identifieras styrkor, utmaningar och särskilda åtgärdsområden för var och en av EU:s 27 medlemsländer samt Island och Norge för att vägleda investeringar och åtgärder på EU-nivå, nationell nivå och regional nivå som del av Europas plan mot cancer. Varje landscancerprofil innehåller en kort sammanfattning av följande: den nationella cancerbördan ; riskfaktorer för cancer (med fokus på beteendeoch miljöriskfaktorer); program för tidig upptäckt; cancervårdens resultat (med fokus på tillgänglighet, vårdkvalitet, kostnader och COVID-19:s inverkan på cancervården).
    DOI: 10.1787/4caa4294-sv
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    EU Country Cancer Profile: Croatia 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264847422
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: EU Country Cancer Profiles
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Pregled trendova i stanja zdravstvene skrbi u području raka po zemljama: Hrvatska 2023
    Keywords: Krebskrankheit ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheit ; Kroatien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Croatia ; Statistik ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: This profile identifies strengths, challenges and specific areas of action on cancer prevention and care in Croatia as part of the European Cancer Inequalities Registry, a flagship initiative of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan. It provides a short synthesis of: the national cancer burden; risk factors for cancer (focusing on behavioural and environmental risk factors); early detection programmes; and cancer care performance (focusing on accessibility, care quality, costs and the impact of COVID-19 on cancer care).
    DOI: 10.1787/372db8b8-en
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  • 119
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    Riigi vähiprofiil: Eesti 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264742291
    Language: Estonian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe EU Country Cancer Profile: Estonia 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Estonia
    Abstract: Riikide vähiprofiilides tuuakse välja tugevad küljed, probleemid ja konkreetsed tegevusvaldkonnad kõigis 27 ELi liikmesriigis, Islandil ja Norras, et suunata Euroopa vähktõvevastase võitluse kava alusel investeeringuid ja sekkumisi ELi, riigi ja piirkonna tasandil. Iga riigi vähiprofiil sisaldab lühikest sünteesi: vähktõve koormusest riigis; vähktõve riskifaktoritest (keskendudes käitumis- ja keskkonnariskiteguritele); varajase avastamise programmidest; vähiravi tulemuslikkusest (keskendudes juurdepääsetavusele, tervishoiu kvaliteedile, kuludele ja COVID-19 mõjule vähiga seotud teenustele).
    DOI: 10.1787/7212e7ff-et
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  • 120
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    Teleworking through the gender looking glass : Facts and gaps (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.285
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This paper takes stock of existing data and research on the gendered dimension of teleworking, to foster efficient data collection and evidence-based monitoring of the phenomenon in the future. Analysing existing data on work from home, teleworking, teleworkability and preferences for work from home highlights the need for a consistently defined teleworking concept to be used across sources. A literature review of existing results finds mixed effects of teleworking on work-life balance inequalities, on the gender wage gap, and on gender disparities in career progression. Prevailing gender norms are likely to mediate the effect of teleworking on all three outcomes and should be a focus of future research.
    DOI: 10.1787/8aff1a74-en
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  • 121
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    EU Country Cancer Profile: Ireland 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264593336
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: EU Country Cancer Profiles
    Keywords: Krebskrankheit ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheit ; Irland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Ireland ; Statistik ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: This profile identifies strengths, challenges and specific areas of action on cancer prevention and care in Ireland as part of the European Cancer Inequalities Registry, a flagship initiative of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan. It provides a short synthesis of: the national cancer burden; risk factors for cancer (focusing on behavioural and environmental risk factors); early detection programmes; and cancer care performance (focusing on accessibility, care quality, costs and the impact of COVID-19 on cancer care).
    DOI: 10.1787/f31164f8-en
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  • 122
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    Krajowe profile dotyczące nowotworów: Polska 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264332478
    Language: Polish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe EU Country Cancer Profile: Poland 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Poland
    Abstract: W krajowych profilach dotyczących nowotworów opisano mocne strony, wyzwania i konkretne obszary działania w odniesieniu do każdego z 27 państw członkowskich UE, Islandii i Norwegii, aby odpowiednio ukierunkować inwestycje i działania na szczeblu unijnym, krajowym i regionalnym w ramach Europejskiego Planu Walki z Rakiem. Każdy krajowy profil dotyczący nowotworów zawiera krótką syntezę dotyczącą: krajowego obciążenia nowotworami ; czynników ryzyka zachorowania na raka (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem behawioralnych i środowiskowych czynników ryzyka); programów wczesnego wykrywania; funkcjonowania opieki nad chorymi na raka (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem dostępności, jakości opieki, kosztów oraz wpływu COVID-19 na opiekę nad chorymi na raka).
    DOI: 10.1787/aab579a7-pl
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    EU Country Cancer Profile: Lithuania 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264530119
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: EU Country Cancer Profiles
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Su vėžiu susijusios padėties šalyje apžvalga : Lietuva 2023
    Keywords: Krebskrankheit ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheit ; Litauen ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Lithuania ; Statistik ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: This profile identifies strengths, challenges and specific areas of action on cancer prevention and care in Lithuania as part of the European Cancer Inequalities Registry, a flagship initiative of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan. It provides a short synthesis of: the national cancer burden; risk factors for cancer (focusing on behavioural and environmental risk factors); early detection programmes; and cancer care performance (focusing on accessibility, care quality, costs and the impact of COVID-19 on cancer care).
    DOI: 10.1787/31316f70-en
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  • 124
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    Landenprofiel voor Kanker: België 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264593374
    Language: Dutch
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe EU Country Cancer Profile: Belgium 2023
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Profils sur le cancer par pays : Belgique 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Belgium
    Abstract: In de Landenprofielen Kanker worden voor elk van de 27 EU-lidstaten, IJsland en Noorwegen de sterke punten, uitdagingen en specifieke actiegebieden vastgesteld, om de investeringen en maatregelen op EU, nationaal en regionaal niveau in het kader van het Europees kankerbestrijdingsplan te sturen. Elk nationaal kankerprofiel geeft een korte samenvatting van: de nationale kankerlast; risicofactoren voor kanker (met de nadruk op gedrags- en omgevingsrisicofactoren); programma’s voor vroegtijdige opsporing; prestaties van de kankerzorg (met de nadruk op toegankelijkheid, kwaliteit van de zorg, kosten en het effect van COVID-19 op de kankerzorg).
    DOI: 10.1787/1700ff9f-nl
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  • 125
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    Profil de țară privind cancerul: România 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264896024
    Language: Romanian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe EU Country Cancer Profile: Romania 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Romania
    Abstract: În profilurile de țară privind cancerul sunt identificate punctele forte, provocările și domeniile specifice de acțiune pentru fiecare dintre cele 27 de state membre ale UE, precum și pentru Islanda și Norvegia, în scopul orientării investițiilor și intervențiilor la nivelul UE, la nivel național și regional în cadrul Planului european de combatere a cancerului. Fiecare profil de țară privind cancerul oferă o scurtă sinteză a: poverii naționale a cancerului; factorilor de risc pentru cancer (cu accent pe factorii de risc comportamentali și de mediu) ; programelor de depistare precoce; performanței în îngrijirea cancerului (cu accent pe accesibilitate, calitatea îngrijirii, costuri și impactul COVID-19 asupra îngrijirii cancerului).
    DOI: 10.1787/20726aa6-ro
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  • 126
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    EU Country Cancer Profile: Sweden 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264322066
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: EU Country Cancer Profiles
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Landsprofiler om cancer: Sverige 2023
    Keywords: Krebskrankheit ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheit ; Schweden ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Sweden ; Statistik ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: This profile identifies strengths, challenges and specific areas of action on cancer prevention and care in Sweden as part of the European Cancer Inequalities Registry, a flagship initiative of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan. It provides a short synthesis of: the national cancer burden; risk factors for cancer (focusing on behavioural and environmental risk factors); early detection programmes; and cancer care performance (focusing on accessibility, care quality, costs and the impact of COVID-19 on cancer care).
    DOI: 10.1787/7b5ff594-en
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  • 127
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    Perfil sobre cancro por país: Portugal 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264682825
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe EU Country Cancer Profile: Portugal 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Portugal
    Abstract: Os perfis sobre cancro por país identificam pontos fortes, desafios e áreas específicas de ação para cada um dos 27 Estados-Membros da UE, a Islândia e a Noruega, com o propósito de orientar investimentos e intervenções a nível da UE, nacional e regional no âmbito do Plano Europeu de Luta contra o Cancro. Cada perfil do país sobre cancro fornece uma breve síntese: da carga de doença causada pelo cancro no país ; dos fatores de risco para o cancro (particularmente os do tipo comportamental e ambiental) ; dos programas de deteção precoce ; do desempenho na prestação de cuidados Oncológicos (com foco na acessibilidade, qualidade, custos e o impacte da COVID-19 no tratamento do cancro).
    DOI: 10.1787/40186a6b-pt
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  • 128
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    Évaluation du programme national de lutte contre le tabagisme en France (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.155
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; France
    Abstract: Le tabac est responsable de 13% des décès en France et est l'une des principales causes de maladies non transmissibles (MNT), telles que les cancers, les maladies respiratoires et cardiovasculaires. Pour renforcer sa politique de lutte antitabac, la France a mis en place un train de mesures entre 2016 et 2020 comprenant une augmentation progressive sur trois ans du prix des produits du tabac -correspondant à une augmentation de 41% du prix du paquet de cigarettes le plus vendu, le paquet neutre, une campagne annuelle de sevrage (#MoisSansTabac), et le remboursement des substituts nicotiniques. Ce rapport évalue l'impact sanitaire et économique du train de mesures de lutte antitabac, à l'aide du modèle de microsimulation de l'OCDE pour la planification stratégique de la santé publique pour les MNT (SPHeP-NCD), et il fournit une analyse de la charge du tabac en France et une évaluation économique de la campagne de marketing social pour le sevrage #MoisSansTabac.
    DOI: 10.1787/b656e9ac-fr
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  • 129
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    Mobilising evidence to enhance the effectiveness of child well-being policies : The role of knowledge brokers (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Public Governance no.58
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Despite the fundamental importance of childhood, countries tend to invest much less in this area than in old age. Effective child well-being policies can bring high long-term returns on early life investments and public interventions. However, these benefits are not fully understood and thus do not always receive the necessary political attention in public policy making. Mobilising evidence to support effective policies for child well-being is crucial, especially as responsibilities for such policies tend to be fragmented across government departments and levels of government. Therefore, organisations such as knowledge brokers, which help ensure that evidence is shared with those responsible for designing and implementing public policies, have a critical role to play in improving the effectiveness of child well-being policies and practices. They can help make evidence accessible, trustworthy, and understandable, so that it has the greatest impact on policy. This working paper sheds light on the best practices identified for mobilising evidence to enhance the effectiveness of child well-being policies, based on a stocktaking of 81 knowledge broker organisations across 24 countries, complemented by a qualitative survey carried out among senior experts operating at national and international level.
    DOI: 10.1787/faeb9a0d-en
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  • 130
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    Exploring Norway's Fertility, Work, and Family Policy Trends (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264591424 , 9789264431911 , 9789264648630
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Fertilität ; Familienpolitik ; Familie-Beruf ; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte ; Norwegen ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Norway
    Abstract: Like other Nordic countries Norway has been investing heavily in family policy to enable combining work and family life. Nevertheless, between 2009 and 2022 the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in Norway dropped from 2 children to 1.4 children per woman. What is happening, and why? Can Norwegian parents still reconcile work and family commitments? What role do demographic trends play for the future of the Norwegian society? Should we worry? These are some of the questions that this study addresses. It illustrates various aspects of fertility trends, as well as changes in the Norwegian labour market as well as in Norway’s comprehensive system of public family support. The study also looks at social attitudes and how these might be affecting family formation and fertility trends. The final chapter projects demographic, economic, fiscal and social outcomes under different fertility trend scenarios.
    DOI: 10.1787/f0c7bddf-en
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  • 131
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    Promoting Active Ageing in Lithuania : Policy Challenges and Solutions (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264725881 , 9789264477131 , 9789264819603
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Ageing and Employment Policies
    Keywords: Alternde Bevölkerung ; Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Seniorenpolitik ; Litauen ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Lithuania
    Abstract: Lithuania is one of the fastest-ageing countries in Europe. Its working-age population is not only ageing, but also expected to decline significantly, giving rise to considerable economic, labour market, social and public governance challenges. The inclusion of older persons has improved in many areas in the past two decades. Yet, many Lithuanians aged 55 and over continue to lag in fully engaging in society relative to younger people and their peers in neighbouring countries. This report takes a holistic approach to analyse Active Ageing policies in Lithuania in three dimensions: labour market inclusion, social policies, and participation in public and political life. It provides tailored policy recommendations to improve the well-being of older people in Lithuania in terms of better employment and lifelong learning outcomes, stronger integration in society, and participation in democratic institutions and processes.
    DOI: 10.1787/2b4d4cfd-en
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  • 132
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    Gender, Education and Skills : The Persistence of Gender Gaps in Education and Skills (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264403338 , 9789264621619 , 9789264670921
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: Bildungsniveau ; Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; Geschlecht ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The 2023 Gender, Education and Skills Report on the persistence of gender gaps in education and skills presents fresh insights on progress towards gender equality in education. The report tries to understand why teen boys are more likely than girls, on average, to fail to attain a baseline level of proficiency in reading, mathematics and science, and why high-performing girls do not continue investing in developing skills in areas such as mathematics and science, when compared to high-performing boys. The report also describes that, despite overall gender gaps in mathematics and science being quite small, young women continue to be under-represented in STEM-related fields after leaving school. These career choices are also reflected in gender disparities in the labour market: tertiary-educated women earn 76% of the earnings of their male peers. This could be possible because men are more likely than women to pursue studies in fields associated with higher earnings, such as engineering, manufacturing and construction, and ICTs, while women still choose fields associated with lower earnings, including education, welfare, and arts and humanities.
    DOI: 10.1787/34680dd5-en
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    The demand for language skills in the European labour market : Evidence from online job vacancies (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.294
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Austria ; Belgium ; Bulgaria ; Croatia ; Cyprus ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Estonia ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Ireland ; Italy ; Latvia ; Lithuania ; Luxembourg ; Malta ; Netherlands ; Poland ; Portugal ; Romania ; Slovak Republic ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This paper investigates the demand for language skills using data on online job vacancies in 27 European Union member countries and the United Kingdom in 2021. Evidence indicates that although Europe remains a linguistically diverse labour market, knowing English confers unique advantages in certain occupations. Across countries included in the analyses, a knowledge of English was explicitly required in 22% of all vacancies and English was the sixth most required skill overall. A knowledge of German, Spanish, French and Mandarin Chinese was explicitly demanded in between 1% and 2% of all vacancies. One in two positions advertised on line for managers or professionals required some knowledge of English, on average across European Union member countries and across OECD countries in the sample. This compares with only one in ten positions for skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers and among elementary occupations.
    DOI: 10.1787/e1a5abe0-en
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  • 134
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    Valuing a reduction in the risk of chronic kidney disease : A large scale multi-country stated preference approach (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (65 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.216
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Compromised kidney function is associated with an array of environmental contaminants and chemicals, including heavy metals, certain organic solvents, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as well as food and waterborne pathogens. Many of these hazards are subject to regulation, or may be considered for regulation, in order to reduce exposures and prevent human health risks. However, valuation estimates for kidney effects that can be used in cost-benefit analyses are few, particularly willingness-to-pay estimates. In particular, there appears to be no willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimate available for reduced risk of chronic kidney disease and therefore no estimate for the Value of a Statistical Case (VSC) of chronic kidney disease. This paper is part of the series of large scale willingness to pay (WTP) studies resulting from the Surveys to elicit Willingness to pay to Avoid Chemicals related negative Health Effects (SWACHE) project that intends to improve the basis for doing cost benefit analyses of chemicals management options and environmental policies in general. The paper details a stated preference survey estimating WTP to reduce the risk of symptomatic chronic kidney disease, termed serious kidney disease in the survey instrument, filling an important gap in the valuation literature and addressing a need for applied benefits analysis for chemicals regulation. The SWACHE serious kidney impairment survey was fielded in 10 countries: Canada, Chile, China, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Norway, Türkiye, the United Kingdom and the United States.
    DOI: 10.1787/9c93138f-en
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  • 135
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    Valuing a reduction in the risk and severity of asthma : A large scale multi-country stated preference approach (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (106 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.218
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Asthma is a non-communicable and non-curable lung disease that is associated with an array of environmental contaminants and chemicals. Many of these hazards are subject to regulation, or may be considered for regulation, in order to reduce exposures and prevent human health risks. However, the available information on willingness-to-pay (WTP) to avoid asthma or reduce its severity is scarce, incomplete and does not provide estimates compatible with welfare economic theory that can be used in cost-benefit analysis. This paper is part of the series of large scale willingness to pay (WTP) studies resulting from the Surveys to elicit Willingness to pay to Avoid Chemicals related negative Health Effects (SWACHE) project that intends to improve the basis for doing cost-benefit analyses of chemicals management options and environmental policies in general. The present paper offers values suitable for use in cost-benefit analyses of the WTP for reduced severity of asthma attacks in adults and children and in reduced probability of getting asthma for these two population groups, all in the context of reducing chemical exposures, and covering populations in seven OECD countries: Canada, Czech Republic, France, Poland, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. The context for such WTP elicitations was a set of household products that contain fewer hazardous chemicals than what is currently available in supermarkets but are more expensive.
    DOI: 10.1787/f289d29e-en
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  • 136
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    What are the integration challenges of Ukrainian refugee women? (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Quels sont les problèmes d’intégration que rencontrent les femmes réfugiées ukrainiennes ?
    Keywords: Flüchtlinge ; Frauen ; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte ; Soziale Integration ; Ukraine ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Ukraine
    Abstract: From the onset of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, most refugee arrivals have been women and children, creating unique challenges for integration. The share of women among adult refugees is around 70% in most host countries and many have arrived with children, with the share of minors around 30%. Most OECD countries are supporting the socio-economic integration of Ukrainian refugee women through their pre-existing mainstream integration systems. Refugee integration policies have been, however, often created with different gender and educational profiles in mind, which may weaken outcomes in the longer term. There are some promising targeted measures available in OECD countries to support the socio-economic integration of Ukrainian refugee women. These include counselling, networking opportunities, training, and work placements, but also general community-building activities aimed at women.
    DOI: 10.1787/bb17dc64-en
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  • 137
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    Beyond Applause? Improving Working Conditions in Long-Term Care (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264646094 , 9789264658349 , 9789264445581
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (202 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Au-delà des applaudissements ? Améliorer les conditions de travail dans le secteur des soins de longue durée (version abrégée)
    Keywords: Häusliche Pflege ; Arbeitsbedingungen ; Pflegeberufe ; Pflegefinanzierung ; Pflegeversicherung ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report presents an in-depth cross-country analysis of how long-term care workers fare along the different dimensions of job quality. In the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, the applause for care workers was a clear expression of the strong recognition of their hard work and exposure to risks in their job. However, as the applause faded after the peak of the crisis, questions have re-emerged about how to improve the working conditions of long-term care workers in a sustainable way. Over the coming decades, the demand for these workers will increase substantially. Several countries are already facing shortages as the large baby-boom generation joins the older population. To go Beyond Applause, a comprehensive policy strategy is needed to tackle poor working conditions and insufficient social recognition of long-term care work, attract workers in the sector and avoid labour shortages reaching unacceptable levels. Such a strategy should cover several dimensions, with different priorities across countries depending on their specific context, including: direct interventions to raise wages and increase staff requirements; increasing public financing and fostering the leading role by governments; supporting collective bargaining and social dialogue; strengthening training; increasing use of new technologies; and, strengthening health prevention policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/27d33ab3-en
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  • 138
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    Living wages in practice (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (7 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Insights on Well-being, Inclusion and Equal Opportunity no.8
    Keywords: Mindestlohn ; Niedriglohn ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: At a time of rising cost of living, wide wage inequalities and widespread in-work poverty, the demand for a living wage has heightened. This Policy Insights introduces and contextualises the concept of a living wage. It also highlights the key measurement assumptions and criteria that underlie the calculations of a living wage and calls for greater clarity and consistency in existing methodologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/699b3f9b-en
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  • 139
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    Enhancing competition in on-patent markets (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.156
    Keywords: Arzneimittel ; Patent ; Wettbewerb ; Arzneimittelmarkt ; Preis ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The 2018 OECD report Pharmaceutical Innovation and Access to Medicines noted that fostering competition in both on- and off-patent markets can improve the efficiency of pharmaceutical spending. Various policies are used to promote competition among off-patent medicines, but generally do not induce competition in on-patent markets. While tendering is widely used for hospital and other institutional purchasing, it is less common for ambulatory care medicines, or where medicines are reimbursed rather than supplied directly. As part of its broader work agenda on “Increasing the transparency of pharmaceutical markets to inform policies”, this paper explores how payers could harness competition to improve the efficiency of spending on medicines still subject to patent protection or regulatory exclusivity. The OECD undertook an extensive analysis consisting of two parts: 1) a quantitative analysis using product-level time series sales data to explore whether therapeutic competition occurs, and, if so, how it has affected prices and volumes over time, based on a sample of countries and therapeutic classes and 2) a review of current practices and policies on pricing, coverage and procurement of on-patent medicines to identify whether these have been influencing competition between alternative therapeutic products. This report presents the key findings from this analytical work.
    DOI: 10.1787/413f2820-en
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  • 140
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    Disability, Work and Inclusion in Korea : Towards Equitable and Adequate Social Protection for Sick Workers (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264474857 , 9789264849112 , 9789264719798
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Behinderte Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktintegration ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Lohnfortzahlung ; Behindertenpolitik ; Südkorea ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: Many people with health problems or disabilities leave the labour market permanently even if they still can and want to work. This can lead to low income and reduced social engagement. Governments and employers can help create an environment that supports job retention and a return to work in such situations. This report looks at one critical policy lever: the role of paid sick leave and sickness benefits in protecting workers’ health, jobs and incomes. Korea is among the very few OECD countries without statutory social protection for sick workers and is currently considering closing this gap in its welfare system. This report provides an overview of key features of sickness insurance systems in OECD countries and draws policy lessons for Korea to introduce equitable and adequate social protection for sick workers with a robust return-to-work component and financially sustainable payments that encourage employer involvement.
    DOI: 10.1787/bf947f82-en
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  • 141
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    Ökonomie der Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit : Verbesserung der Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit durch kollektives Echtzeit-Lernen (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The economics of medication safety: Improving medication safety through collective, real-time learning
    Keywords: Arzneimittel ; Medizinische Behandlung ; Sicherheit ; Gesundheitsökonomik ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Durch ungeeignete Arzneimitteltherapien und inadäquate Systeminfrastrukturen, die unzureichende Adhärenz, medikationsbedingte Schäden und Medikationsfehler nach sich ziehen, kommen nur allzu oft Patient*innen zu Schaden. Im OECD-Raum ist möglicherweise ein Zehntel der Krankenhauseinweisungen auf medikationsbedingte Ereignisse zurückzuführen, und bei einem Fünftel der stationär behandelten Patient*innen treten während des Krankenhausaufenthalts medikationsbedingte Schädigungen auf. Die Kosten der vermeidbaren, auf medikationsbedingte Ereignisse zurückzuführenden Hospitalisierungen sowie der längeren Krankenhausaufenthalte aufgrund von vermeidbaren, im Krankenhaus auftretenden medikationsbedingten Schäden belaufen sich im OECD-Raum insgesamt auf mehr als 54 Mrd. USD. Der vorliegende Bericht umfasst vier Teile. Im ersten Teil werden die menschlichen und wirtschaftlichen Kosten medikationsbedingter sicherheitsrelevanter Ereignisse im OECD-Raum untersucht. Der zweite Teil beschreibt Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Verordnungspraxis, der dritte Teil befasst sich mit den neusten Systemen und Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit und im vierten Teil folgen Empfehlungen zur Verbesserung der Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit auf nationaler Ebene.
    DOI: 10.1787/d91edcf5-de
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  • 142
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    Des solutions gagnant-gagnant pour le bien-être et la santé mentale (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les synthèses de l'OCDE sur le bien-être, l'inclusion et l'égalité des chances no.11
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Win-win solutions for well-being and mental health
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Une bonne santé mentale est indispensable au bien-être et essentielle à l'épanouissement des individus et de la société. Il est admis de longue date que les stratégies efficaces en matière de santé mentale doivent mobiliser tout un éventail de secteurs allant au-delà de la santé ; pourtant, dans la pratique, les regroupements restent souvent limités ou n'ont lieu qu'à petite échelle. Cette synthèse présente les principaux résultats du rapport How to Make Societies Thrive? Coordinating Approaches to Promote Well-being and Mental Health, qui s'appuie sur le cadre d'évaluation du bien-être de l'OCDE pour comprendre l'influence qui s'exerce entre ce que vivent les individus sur les plans économique, social, relationnel, civique et environnemental et leur état de santé mentale, et utilise ces données pour identifier les stratégies permettant d'améliorer à la fois la santé mentale et d'autres composantes plus larges du bien-être. Certaines initiatives menées dans le domaine de la santé mentale dans des pays de l'OCDE sont également passées en revue pour mettre en lumière les éléments de l'écosystème d'action à même de favoriser la collaboration au sein des pouvoirs publics et, plus largement, avec les acteurs de la société.
    DOI: 10.1787/05ce123c-fr
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  • 143
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    Addressing forced displacement in climate change adaptation : No longer a blind spot (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Papers no.46
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: This paper shows that climate-related forced displacement is insufficiently addressed in two fundamental commitments made towards the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) between 2015 and 2023: National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It describes the important role NAPs and NDCs play in prioritising the tackling of certain aspects of climate change adaptation, identifies gaps on forced displacement, and proposes ways of adding it among their policy objectives, and of mobilising finance to reach them.
    DOI: 10.1787/891ced36-en
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  • 144
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    The Midcareer Opportunity : Meeting the Challenges of an Ageing Workforce (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264377974
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Keywords: Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitskräfte ; Erwerbsverlauf ; Alternde Bevölkerung ; Personalmanagement ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment
    Abstract: The world of work is getting older in advanced and an increasing number of emerging economies. Two powerful and persistent trends, longer lifespans and lower birth rates, all but guarantee that midcareer and older workers will make up an even larger portion of the future workforce, with profound implications for our economies, businesses and workers. Are societies adapting quickly enough to cope with ageing at an unprecedented scale? What are some of the key structural barriers, the embedded attitudes and behaviours, that stand in the way of helping midcareer and older workers stay employed longer? What steps can we take to support them as we transition to a more digital and sustainable economy, and make sure that age is no longer a barrier to work? In search of answers, the OECD and Generation, a global employment nonprofit network, teamed up to develop new research based on a survey of thousands of employed and unemployed people, and hiring managers in eight countries: the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Romania, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The evidence presented in this report aims to foster a more inclusive and resilient labour market for workers at all stages of their careers.
    DOI: 10.1787/ed91b0c7-en
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  • 145
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    Où se trouvent les enseignants expérimentés? (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: L'enseignement à la loupe no.45
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Where to find experienced teachers?
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: L'importance des enseignants expérimentés ne saurait être sous-estimée. Ils peuvent en effet contribuer à améliorer les résultats des élèves, mais aussi la qualité globale de l'enseignement en soutenant leurs collègues moins expérimentés. Ce numéro de la série L'Enseignement à la loupe (Teaching in Focus [TIF]) analyse leur répartition entre les établissements sous les deux angles distincts, mais complémentaires, de l'égalité et de l'équité.
    DOI: 10.1787/b0b0bc00-fr
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  • 146
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    Understanding international measures of health spending : Age-adjusting expenditure on health (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.162
    Keywords: Gesundheitskosten ; Messung ; Altersstruktur ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Assessing health system performance over time or across countries often means comparing populations with very different characteristics, including age structure. The share of the population aged 65 years and over ranges from less than 1 in 10 in some of the Latin American countries of the OECD to almost 3 in 10 in Japan. At the same time, populations are aging rapidly - on average across the OECD, there are 20% more people over 65 since 2015. Since risk of illness and ill-health generally increases with age, a population with an older demographic structure can expect higher mortality rates, greater incidence and prevalence of certain diseases, and thus higher demands for healthcare and, by consequence, higher spending on health. This working paper argues that the level of health spending depends not only on the size of the population (among other factors), but also on the demographic structure of the population. The paper reviews the international literature on age-adjusting health spending, and examines three methods of age-adjustment to report and compare health expenditure data between OECD countries and over time.
    DOI: 10.1787/043ed664-en
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  • 147
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    Transitions to and from formal employment and income dynamics : Evidence from developing economies (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.349
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Development ; Indonesia ; Malawi ; Peru ; South Africa
    Abstract: Using panel data for Indonesia, Malawi, Peru and South Africa, this paper investigates the relationship between transitions to formal employment and workers' labour income. It shows that transiting from informal to formal employment increases the probability of improving workers' labour income in both absolute and relative terms. However, income gains from formalisation do not accrue to all workers equally. Switching to formal employment has the greatest potential to improve the labour income of the richest workers. The chances of improving the labour income of the poorest workers through formalisation are slim. Transitions between formal and informal employment affect income gains and losses differently for men and women, older and younger workers, and workers with different levels of schooling. The effects of labour market transitions on income changes are considerably greater in magnitude than other life events such as a births, separation, or death of a partner or spouse.
    DOI: 10.1787/bc186b3b-en
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  • 148
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    The state of implementation of the OECD AI Principles four years on (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (82 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.3
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Regulierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: In 2019, the OECD Council adopted the Recommendation on Artificial Intelligence (the "OECD AI Principles"). These include five values-based principles and five recommendations for OECD countries and adhering partner economies to promote responsible and trustworthy AI policies. This report takes stock of initiatives launched by countries worldwide to implement the OECD AI Principles which were reported to the OECD.AI Policy Observatory as of May 2023. It provides an overview of national AI strategies, including their oversight and monitoring bodies, expert advisory groups, as well as their monitoring and evaluation frameworks. It also discusses the various regulatory approaches that countries are adopting to ensure AI trustworthiness, such as ethics frameworks, AI-specific regulations, and regulatory sandboxes. Additionally, the report offers policy examples for each of the ten OECD AI Principles to facilitate cross-learning among policymakers.
    DOI: 10.1787/835641c9-en
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  • 149
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    Labour and social policies for the green transition : A conceptual framework (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.295
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Environment
    Abstract: This study sets out a conceptual framework to analyse the impact of climate change and greenhouse gases mitigation efforts on the labour market, migration flows and people's health, as well as the most important policy levers that can cushion potential negative impacts and maximise opportunities from the climate transition.
    DOI: 10.1787/028ffbeb-en
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  • 150
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    COVID-19 and science for policy and society (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (77 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.154
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This is the second in a series of three reports that explore how science was mobilised in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The focus is on science for policy – research agenda setting, scientific advice and public communication and engagement. The report includes recommendations and options for policy action to improve the resilience of national science systems and their capacity to cooperate internationally in response to crises. The context in each country is different, as illustrated by the many case studies included in the report, and so the priority attached to these recommendations and the specific details of how they might be implemented will vary. They are provided as an overall framework for science policymakers and other actors, including research funders and research providers, to consider.
    DOI: 10.1787/0afa04e2-en
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  • 151
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    The effects of the EU Fit for 55 package on labour markets and the demand for skills (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.297
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Environment
    Abstract: This paper quantifies changes in employment and the demand for skills in the European Union following the implementation of Fit for 55 policies. Between 2019 and 2030, the economy is projected to grow by 1.3% in the Fit for 55 scenario (3% in a Baseline scenario without the Fit for 55 policies). Employment growth is projected to be lower in the Fit for 55 than the Baseline scenario. Employment in the Fit for 55 scenario is projected to decrease by 3% for blue collar and farm workers (2% in the Baseline) and increase by 4 5% for other occupations (5-6% in the Baseline). The most demanded skills following the implementation of Fit for 55 will be those related to inter personal communication and the use of digital technologies, whereas the demand for skills related to the use of traditional tools and technologies is projected to decline. Anticipating changes in employment and the demand for skills as well as the socio-demographic profile of those most affected can facilitate the design of upskilling and reskilling efforts and promote the reallocation of workers across sectors and occupations.
    DOI: 10.1787/6c16baac-en
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  • 152
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    Healthy diets, costs and food policies in the Sahel and West Africa (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: West African Papers no.39
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Alimentation saine, coûts et politiques alimentaires au Sahel et en Afrique de l'Ouest
    Keywords: Ernährungspolitik ; Ernährungssicherung ; Ernährungsverhalten ; Sahel ; Westafrika ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: The Sahel and West Africa region is facing a serious food and nutrition security crisis with high rates of acute malnutrition, combined with high rates of malnourishment and over-nourishment – the "triple burden of malnutrition". Poor-quality diets are the root of all forms of malnutrition, as well as common non-communicable diseases, and are responsible for an estimated one in five adult deaths globally. The high cost of food is a key barrier to accessing a healthy diet. Even before the recent global inflation in food prices, West Africa's food prices were 30%-40% higher than other regions in the world of comparable income levels. The paper analyses the costs of healthy diets in 17 countries in the Sahel and West Africa and which food groups drive up costs. The observed high cross-country variability in costs and cost composition points to a need for more targeted and nutrition-sensitive food system policies as well as the need to invest in better food price data and monitoring capacities.
    DOI: 10.1787/2ac5e663-en
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  • 153
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    Unemployment benefit reforms to support employment and inclusiveness in the United States : Impacts of the Pandemic Unemployment Assistance (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.296
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment
    Abstract: This paper analyses the impact of Pandemic Unemployment Assistance (PUA) extensions on jobseeker households in selected US states and examines how these extensions compare to the pre-pandemic policies. The analysis finds that PUA extensions increase benefit duration for all jobseekers, but due to interactions between other government benefits, this translates to significant increases in benefit generosity only for jobseekers without children. This has an impact on the financial incentives to take up employment, although incentives are still above the OECD average. PUA extensions have little impact for people who have been unemployed for a very long time, and jobseekers with no recent contribution history. PUA extensions also have minimal impact on jobless families with children who continue to receive less support compared to other OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/a2f9156d-en
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  • 154
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    Estudio multidimensional de la República Dominicana : Hacia un mayor bienestar (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264626812 , 9789264592452 , 9789264457225
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (314 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Caminos de Desarrollo
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Multi-dimensional Review of the Dominican Republic: Towards Greater Well-being for All
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Taxation ; Development ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Dominican Republic
    Abstract: La República Dominicana ha experimentado importantes avances socioeconómicos en las últimas décadas. El país ha sido una de las principales economías de América Latina y el Caribe en términos de crecimiento económico, alcanzando el estatus de economía de ingreso medio-alto en 2011. Sin embargo, los avances en las diferentes dimensiones del bienestar han sido insuficientes. En particular, las disparidades socioeconómicas y territoriales siguen siendo importantes, y las instituciones públicas aún enfrentan desafíos relevantes. Para que la República Dominicana avance en una senda de desarrollo más inclusivo y sostenible, es necesario abordar tres dimensiones críticas. En primer lugar, proporcionar empleos de calidad para todos, con especial énfasis en impulsar la formalización y la transformación productiva. En segundo lugar, movilizar más financiamiento público y privado para el desarrollo, con sistemas fiscales más progresivos y eficaces, un gasto público más eficiente, y mercados de capitales más profundos. En tercer lugar, acelerar la transformación digital para impulsar la productividad, mejorar la inclusión y apoyar la creación de empleo.
    DOI: 10.1787/8044a9c9-es
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  • 155
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    Gender Budgeting in OECD Countries 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264875715 , 9789264648876 , 9789264939493
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Gleichstellungspolitik ; Gleichberechtigung ; Finanzpolitik ; Öffentlicher Haushalt ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Governance
    Abstract: This report provides an overview of gender budgeting practices across OECD countries, based on the 2022 OECD Survey on Gender Budgeting as well as trends from surveys conducted in 2016 and 2018. It takes stock of countries' progress in developing an effective and sustainable gender budgeting approach and discusses challenges and plans for the further development of gender budgeting. Country case studies highlight gender budgeting in practice. The report also presents the 2022 OECD Gender Budgeting Index, which compares the implementation of gender budgeting across five key areas: 1) institutional and strategic arrangements; 2) methods and tools; 3) enabling environment; 4) accountability and transparency; and 5) impact.
    DOI: 10.1787/647d546b-en
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  • 156
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    Improving Long-Term Care in Croatia (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264394490 , 9789264934047 , 9789264603356
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Keywords: Häusliche Pflege ; Pflegefinanzierung ; Pflegeversicherung ; Kroatien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Croatia
    Abstract: The demand for help with daily activities – so-called long-term care – is set to increase in Croatia. The population is ageing at a faster rate than the EU average, and by 2050, about one-third of the population is projected to be aged 65 years and over. In addition, with one of the highest poverty rates among older people in EU countries, at 30%, most older people cannot afford long-term care without public support. However, the long-term care system is both fragmented, with multiple benefits and services across different providers, and underfunded with public expenditure among the lowest across EU countries. As a result, long-term care remains unaffordable for most people even after receiving public support, leading to gaps in access, inequities, and a strong reliance on relatives to provide the bulk of long-term care. This report suggests avenues to improve access and equity of long-term care and proposes policy recommendations to enhance the support for family carers.
    DOI: 10.1787/9de55222-en
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  • 157
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    SIGI 2023 Global Report : Gender Equality in Times of Crisis (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264824065 , 9789264713796 , 9789264532922
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Social Institutions and Gender Index
    Keywords: Sozialer Indikator ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; Soziale Norm ; Gleichberechtigung ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Environment
    Abstract: What are the root causes of gender inequality? Building on the fifth edition of the Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI), the SIGI 2023 Global Report provides a global outlook of discriminatory social institutions, the fundamental causes of gender inequality. It reveals how formal and informal laws, social norms and practices limit women's and girls' rights and opportunities in all aspects of their lives. Globally, 40% of them continue to live in countries where gender-based discrimination is assessed as high or very high. The report stresses how discriminatory social institutions curtail women's and adolescents' fundamental access to sexual and reproductive health and rights. It also sheds light on the gendered impacts of climate change and underlines how women can play a pivotal role in climate change mitigation and adaptation. To accelerate efforts aimed at achieving SDG 5 and eliminating the underlying and structural factors that hamper women's empowerment, the report offers concrete policy actions. It calls for a gender-transformative approach to leverage crises and challenges into windows of opportunity to establish women and men as agents of change.
    DOI: 10.1787/4607b7c7-en
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  • 158
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    Minimum wages in a dual labour market : Evidence from the 2019 minimum-wage hike in Spain (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.298
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Spain
    Abstract: This paper provides an assessment of the 2019 minimum-wage hike in Spain, which increased the minimum wage by 22% and directly concerned 7% of dependent employees. The assessment is based on an individual-level analysis that follows the outcomes of workers that were employed in the year before the reform over time. Among directly affected workers, the hike in the minimum wage increased full-time equivalent monthly earnings by on average 5.8% and reduced employment by -0.6%. The wage effects are stronger for workers on open-ended contracts, while the employment effects are stronger for workers on fixed-term contracts.
    DOI: 10.1787/7ff44848-en
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  • 159
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    Fertility, employment and family policy : A cross-country panel analysis (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.299
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment
    Abstract: This paper analyses the association of labour market outcomes and family policies with fertility trends between 2002 and 2019 in 26 OECD countries. While the average age of mothers at birth of their children continued to increase over the entire period, these years have been marked by an initial catching-up of total fertility rates after marked declines in previous decades. Furthermore, after peaking in 2008, total fertility rates declined substantially, fueling concerns about demographic, economic and fiscal implications. Using panel data models and building on prior work, this paper links these changes in fertility outcomes to changes in the labour market position of men and women as well as with changes in family policies, such as parental leaves and early childhood education and care. This paper provides insights into the complex dynamics between family policies, employment and fertility, shedding light on the factors influencing overall population dynamics in OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/326844f0-en
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  • 160
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    Unleashing Talent in Brussels, Belgium (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264377479 , 9789264713352 , 9789264961371
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (158 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Promouvoir les talents à Bruxelles, Belgique
    Keywords: Hochqualifizierte Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitskräfte ; Brüssel (Region) ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Employment ; Governance ; Belgium
    Abstract: The Brussels-Capital Region has witnessed significant improvements in its labour market over the past decade. Local job creation has been driven by ample opportunities for highly-skilled workers whom the Brussels-Capital Region attracts from its surrounding regions, the European Union, and beyond. However, not all of the region's population has seen their labour market prospects improve equally. Many workers with lower levels of education continue to compete for a small number of vacancies, despite the increasingly tightening labour market. A future vision for the Brussels-Capital Region, therefore, needs to be built on recognising and addressing the multiple and often distinct challenges faced by its young and diverse population. In a labour market that offers high rewards for skills formation, tailoring continuous education and training offerings to different groups while removing barriers to participation in such programmes will need to take priority. Simplifying processes for accessing employment services, streamlining labour market policies, supporting the geographic mobility of less-educated jobseekers, and removing barriers to employment for its migrant population could serve as building blocks to increase labour force participation and improve the employment quality of all local talent.
    DOI: 10.1787/7a495020-en
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  • 161
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    Syöpäprofiilit: Suomi 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264652941
    Language: Finnish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe EU Country Cancer Profile: Finland 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Finland
    Abstract: Syöpäprofiileissa kuvataan EU:n 27 jäsenvaltion sekä Islannin ja Norjan vahvuudet, haasteet ja erityiset toiminta-alat, jotka ohjaavat niiden investointeja ja toimia EU:n, kansallisella ja alueellisella tasolla EU:n syöväntorjuntasuunnitelman puitteissa. Kussakin maakohtaisessa syöpäprofiilissa esitetään lyhyt yhteenveto seuraavista: kansallinen syöpätaakka; syövän riskitekijät (joissa keskitytään käyttäytymiseen ja ympäristöön liittyviin riskitekijöihin); (varhaista havaitsemista koskevat ohjelmat; syövän hoidon suorituskyky (jossa keskitytään saatavuuteen, hoidon laatuun, kustannuksiin ja COVID-19:n vaikutukseen syövän hoitoon).
    DOI: 10.1787/a0e415cd-fi
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  • 162
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    Not lost in translation : The implications of machine translation technologies for language professionals and for broader society (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.291
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Canada ; France ; Germany ; Italy ; New Zealand ; Singapore ; Sweden ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: The paper discusses the implications of recent advances in artificial intelligence for knowledge workers, focusing on possible complementarities and substitution between machine translation tools and language professionals. The emergence of machine translation tools could enhance social welfare through enhanced opportunities for inter-language communication but also create new threats because of persisting low levels of accuracy and quality in the translation output. The paper uses data on online job vacancies to map the evolution of the demand for language professionals between 2015 and 2019 in 10 countries and illustrates the set of skills that are considered important by employers seeking to hire language professionals through job vacancies posted on line.
    DOI: 10.1787/e1d1d170-en
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  • 163
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    EU Country Cancer Profile: Slovenia 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264397477
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: EU Country Cancer Profiles
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Profil držav o stanju na področju raka: Slovenija 2023
    Keywords: Krebskrankheit ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheit ; Slowenien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Slovenia ; Statistik ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: This profile identifies strengths, challenges and specific areas of action on cancer prevention and care in Slovenia as part of the European Cancer Inequalities Registry, a flagship initiative of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan. It provides a short synthesis of: the national cancer burden; risk factors for cancer (focusing on behavioural and environmental risk factors); early detection programmes; and cancer care performance (focusing on accessibility, care quality, costs and the impact of COVID-19 on cancer care).
    DOI: 10.1787/cd631ba0-en
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  • 164
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    EU Country Cancer Profile: Spain 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264811577
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: EU Country Cancer Profiles
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perfiles nacionales de cáncer: España 2023
    Keywords: Krebskrankheit ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheit ; Spanien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Spain ; Statistik ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: This profile identifies strengths, challenges and specific areas of action on cancer prevention and care in Spain as part of the European Cancer Inequalities Registry, a flagship initiative of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan. It provides a short synthesis of: the national cancer burden; risk factors for cancer (focusing on behavioural and environmental risk factors); early detection programmes; and cancer care performance (focusing on accessibility, care quality, costs and the impact of COVID-19 on cancer care).
    DOI: 10.1787/260cd4e0-en
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  • 165
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    Onkologický profil země: Česká republika 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264600591
    Language: Czech
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe EU Country Cancer Profile: Czech Republic 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: Onkologické profily jednotlivých zemí identifikují silné stránky, výzvy a specifické oblasti opatření pro každý z 27 členských států EU, Island a Norsko a slouží jako vodítko pro investice a intervence na unijní, vnitrostátní a regionální úrovni v rámci Evropského plánu boje proti rakovině. Každý onkologický profil dané země obsahuje krátkou syntézu: národní zátěže onkologickým onemocněním; rizikovch faktora rakoviny (se zaměřením na rizikové faktory chování a životního prostředí) ; programa včasné detekce rakoviny; výkonnosti onkologické péče (se zaměřením na dostupnost, kvalitu péče, náklady a na dopad onemocnění COVID-19 na onkologickou péči).
    DOI: 10.1787/3b650e6f-cs
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  • 166
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    Innovative providers’ payment models for promoting value-based health systems : Start small, prove value, and scale up (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.154
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Innovative providers’ payment models represent an important policy lever that could be used to promote value-based health systems. By bundling services across the continuum of care or to target acute events or chronic conditions, innovative payment models set financial incentives for providers to increase efficiency in service delivery, improve health outcomes and enhance patient experience with care. This paper offers insights on value-based payment models, a type of innovative payment model implemented in several OECD countries and reviews the publicly available evidence on the impact of those payment models on value. Innovative payment models tend to be exceptional and small-scale compared to activity-based payment models and have been extensively piloted in the United States while implementation and evaluation in other countries is limited. The publicly available empirical evidence points to modest efficiency and quality gains from value-based payment models. Impact on healthcare spending, outcomes and patient experience varies across programmes. Given the significant variation in the key features of value-based payment models and the context-specific issues they address, those models do not offer a one-size-fits-all solution. This paper outlines several intervention points that policy makers need to consider when designing and implementing value-based payment models to maximise their positive outcome.
    DOI: 10.1787/627fe490-en
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  • 167
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    Socio-economic and ethnic health inequalities in COVID-19 outcomes across OECD countries (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.153
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Ethnische Gruppe ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The COVID 19 pandemic has disproportionately hit some vulnerable population groups. Those living in deprived areas, migrant population, and ethnic minorities are at higher risk of catching and dying from the virus than other groups, and they also face significant indirect health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic - both mental health impacts and disruption of routine care. The working paper gathers evidence on the direct and indirect health impacts of the COVID-19 on the poor population and the ethnic minorities. It reviews factors underlying these inequalities, and maps policy interventions adopted by OECD countries to help address the disproportionate impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on vulnerable population groups.
    DOI: 10.1787/6c2a96c9-en
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  • 168
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    Where to find experienced teachers? (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Teaching in Focus no.45
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The importance of experienced teachers cannot be underestimated. They can help raise the performance of students and improve the overall quality of schooling by supporting less-experienced colleagues. This Teaching in Focus: Where to find experienced teachers? analyses the distribution of teachers across schools from two different but complementary angles: equality and equity.
    DOI: 10.1787/d948a889-en
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  • 169
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    Six questions about the demand for artificial intelligence skills in labour markets (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.286
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Australia ; Canada ; New Zealand ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: This study responds to six key questions about the impact that the demand for Artificial Intelligence (AI) skills is having on labour markets. What are the occupations where AI skills are most relevant? How do different AI-relevant skills combine in job requirements? How quickly is the demand for AI-related skills diffusing across labour markets and what is the relationship between AI skill demands and the demand for cognitive skills across jobs? Finally, are AI skills leading to a wage premium and how different are the wage returns associated with AI and routine skills? To shed light on these aspects, this study leverages Natural Language Processing (NLP) algorithms to analyse the information contained in millions of job postings collected from the internet.
    DOI: 10.1787/ac1bebf0-en
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  • 170
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    Measuring the joint distribution of household income, consumption and wealth at the micro level (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (109 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Papers on Well-being and Inequalities no.11
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the work of the Expert Group on the Joint Distribution of Income, Consumption and Wealth at Micro Level (EG ICW) set up by Eurostat and the OECD. It discusses the challenges of producing joint income, consumption and wealth estimates, assesses their quality, and presents selected experimental results. Although the analysis reveals large differences between countries, a number of general patterns emerge. First, income, consumption and wealth are partially correlated, with the association being stronger in the tails of the joint distribution than around its middle. Second, risk of poverty goes beyond income, with asset and consumption risk of poverty being widespread, especially among some population groups. Third, a large share of households spend more than they earn. This is corroborated by negative median saving rates for households in the bottom income quintile. Fourth, inequalities are significantly higher when using a comprehensive measure of material living standards than a distributional analysis of disposable income would suggest. Looking ahead, this paper calls for further efforts to improve the robustness of the results.
    DOI: 10.1787/f9d85db6-en
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  • 171
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    The future of telemedicine after COVID-19 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (10 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe L’avenir de la télémédecine après le COVID-19
    Keywords: E-Health ; Coronavirus ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The use of telemedicine, or remote clinical consultations, was limited in most OECD countries before the COVID-19 pandemic, held back by regulatory barriers and hesitancy from patients and providers. In early 2020, as COVID-19 massively disrupted in-person care, governments moved quickly to promote the use of telemedicine. The number of teleconsultations skyrocketed, playing a vital role in maintaining access to care, but only partly offsetting reductions in in-person care. This brief describes how governments scaled up remote care during the pandemic and explores the impact that this massive shift to remote care has had on health care system performance.
    DOI: 10.1787/d46e9a02-en
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  • 172
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    Supporting Lives Free from Intimate Partner Violence : Towards Better Integration of Services for Victims/Survivors (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264399945 , 9789264908703 , 9789264869707
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (175 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Many OECD governments regularly identify violence against women as the top gender equality issue their country faces. Yet in all countries, addressing this multifaceted issue presents serious governance and implementation challenges as victims/survivors have complex needs both during and after experiences of violence. Different service delivery providers such as health, justice, housing and social protection must work together seamlessly – across governmental and non-governmental providers – to provide an effective response. This report presents a stocktaking of OECD governments’ efforts to integrate service delivery to address the most prevalent form of gender-based violence against women: intimate partner violence. It presents an overview of different strategies for coordinating key services commonly offered in OECD countries: healthcare, justice, housing, child services, income support, and preventative programmes to stop the reoccurrence of violence. Based on extensive feedback from 35 out of 38 OECD countries and a consultation with non-governmental service providers, this report identifies best practices and investigates the barriers to resolving one of the most pressing human rights issues in OECD countries today.
    DOI: 10.1787/d61633e7-en
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  • 173
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    EU Country Cancer Profile: Germany 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264843240
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: EU Country Cancer Profiles
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Länderprofile Krebs: Deutschland 2023
    Keywords: Krebskrankheit ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheit ; Deutschland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Germany ; Statistik ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: This profile identifies strengths, challenges and specific areas of action on cancer prevention and care in Germany as part of the European Cancer Inequalities Registry, a flagship initiative of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan. It provides a short synthesis of: the national cancer burden; risk factors for cancer (focusing on behavioural and environmental risk factors); early detection programmes; and cancer care performance (focusing on accessibility, care quality, costs and the impact of COVID-19 on cancer care).
    DOI: 10.1787/fcc8586e-en
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  • 174
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    Landprofil om kreft: Norge 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264330184
    Language: Norwegian (Nynorsk)
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe EU Country Cancer Profile: Norway 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Norway
    Abstract: Landprofilene peker på styrker, utfordringer og områder med behov for handling i de 27 medlemslandene i EU samt Island og Norge, som en veileder for investeringer og helsepolitiske tiltak på EU-plan, nasjonalt plan og regionalt plan. Hver landskreftprofil gir en kort syntese av: den nasjonale kreftbyrden; risikofaktorer for kreft (med fokus på atferds- og miljørisikofaktorer); programmer for tidlig oppdagelse; ytelse ved kreftomsorg (med fokus på tilgjengelighet, omsorgskvalitet, kostnader og virkningen av COVID-19 på kreftomsorg).
    DOI: 10.1787/4d518a06-no
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  • 175
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    EU Country Cancer Profile: Belgium 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264869905
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: EU Country Cancer Profiles
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Landenprofiel voor Kanker: België 2023
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Profils sur le cancer par pays : Belgique 2023
    Keywords: Krebskrankheit ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheit ; Belgien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Belgium ; Statistik ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: This profile identifies strengths, challenges and specific areas of action on cancer prevention and care in Belgium as part of the European Cancer Inequalities Registry, a flagship initiative of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan. It provides a short synthesis of: the national cancer burden; risk factors for cancer (focusing on behavioural and environmental risk factors); early detection programmes; and cancer care performance (focusing on accessibility, care quality, costs and the impact of COVID-19 on cancer care).
    DOI: 10.1787/9a976db3-en
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  • 176
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    EU Country Cancer Profile: Poland 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264835733
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: EU Country Cancer Profiles
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Krajowe profile dotyczące nowotworów: Polska 2023
    Keywords: Krebskrankheit ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheit ; Polen ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Poland ; Statistik ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: This profile identifies strengths, challenges and specific areas of action on cancer prevention and care in Poland as part of the European Cancer Inequalities Registry, a flagship initiative of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan. It provides a short synthesis of: the national cancer burden; risk factors for cancer (focusing on behavioural and environmental risk factors); early detection programmes; and cancer care performance (focusing on accessibility, care quality, costs and the impact of COVID-19 on cancer care).
    DOI: 10.1787/04cfc3ee-en
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  • 177
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    Landenprofiel voor Kanker: Nederland 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264912588
    Language: Dutch
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe EU Country Cancer Profile: Netherlands 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Netherlands
    Abstract: In de Landenprofielen Kanker worden voor elk van de 27 EU-lidstaten, IJsland en Noorwegen de sterke punten, uitdagingen en specifieke actiegebieden vastgesteld, om de investeringen en maatregelen op EU, nationaal en regionaal niveau in het kader van het Europees kankerbestrijdingsplan te sturen. Elk nationaal kankerprofiel geeft een korte samenvatting van: de nationale kankerlast; risicofactoren voor kanker (met de nadruk op gedrags- en omgevingsrisicofactoren); programma’s voor vroegtijdige opsporing; prestaties van de kankerzorg (met de nadruk op toegankelijkheid, kwaliteit van de zorg, kosten en het effect van COVID-19 op de kankerzorg).
    DOI: 10.1787/63930e3b-nl
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    Profils sur le cancer par pays : France 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264365841
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe EU Country Cancer Profile: France 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; France
    Abstract: Les profils sur le cancer par pays identifient les forces, les faiblesses et les domaines d’action spécifiques de chacun des 27 États membres de l’UE, de l’Islande et de la Norvège, afin d’orienter les investissements et les interventions aux niveaux européen, national et régional dans le cadre du plan “Vaincre le cancer en Europe”. Le profil sur le cancer fournit une synthèse des points suivants : la charge nationale du cancer, les facteurs de risque du cancer (en mettant l’accent sur les facteurs de risque liés au comportement et à l’environnement), les programmes de détection précoce, (les performances en matière de soins oncologiques (en mettant l’accent sur l’accessibilité, la qualité des soins, les coûts et l’impact de COVID-19 sur les soins oncologiques).
    DOI: 10.1787/1dd7dd7f-fr
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    EU Country Cancer Profile: Finland 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264543119
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: EU Country Cancer Profiles
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Syöpäprofiilit: Suomi 2023
    Keywords: Krebskrankheit ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheit ; Finnland ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Finland ; Statistik ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: This profile identifies strengths, challenges and specific areas of action on cancer prevention and care in Finland as part of the European Cancer Inequalities Registry, a flagship initiative of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan. It provides a short synthesis of: the national cancer burden; risk factors for cancer (focusing on behavioural and environmental risk factors); early detection programmes; and cancer care performance (focusing on accessibility, care quality, costs and the impact of COVID-19 on cancer care).
    DOI: 10.1787/427186d4-en
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    EU Country Cancer Profile: Cyprus 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264499614
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: EU Country Cancer Profiles
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Προφίλ χωρών για τον καρκίνο: Κύπροσ 2023
    Keywords: Krebskrankheit ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheit ; Zypern ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Cyprus ; Statistik ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: This profile identifies strengths, challenges and specific areas of action on cancer prevention and care in Cyprus as part of the European Cancer Inequalities Registry, a flagship initiative of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan. It provides a short synthesis of: the national cancer burden; risk factors for cancer (focusing on behavioural and environmental risk factors); early detection programmes; and cancer care performance (focusing on accessibility, care quality, costs and the impact of COVID-19 on cancer care).
    DOI: 10.1787/86732eb6-en
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    EU Country Cancer Profile: Iceland 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264460607
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: EU Country Cancer Profiles
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Landsskýrsla um stöðu krabbameinsmála: Ísland 2023
    Keywords: Krebskrankheit ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheit ; Island ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Iceland ; Statistik ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: This profile identifies strengths, challenges and specific areas of action on cancer prevention and care in Iceland as part of the European Cancer Inequalities Registry, a flagship initiative of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan. It provides a short synthesis of: the national cancer burden; risk factors for cancer (focusing on behavioural and environmental risk factors); early detection programmes; and cancer care performance (focusing on accessibility, care quality, costs and the impact of COVID-19 on cancer care).
    DOI: 10.1787/263d7eb3-en
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  • 182
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    Valstu vēža profili: Latvija 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264970670
    Language: Latvian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe EU Country Cancer Profile: Latvia 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Latvia
    Abstract: Valstu vēža profili identificē stiprās puses, izaicinājumus un konkrētas rīcības jomas katrai no 27 ES dalībvalstīm, Islandei un Norvēģijai, lai virzītu ieguldījumus un intervences ES, valstu un reģionālā līmenī saskaņā ar Eiropas Vēža uzveikšanas plānu. Katras valsts vēža profilā ir sniegts īss kopsavilkums par: valsts vēža slogu; vēža riska faktori (īpašu uzmanību pievēršot uzvedības un vides riska faktoriem); agrīnas atklāšanas programmas ; vēža aprūpes sniegumu (koncentrējoties uz pieejamību, aprūpes kvalitāti, izmaksām un COVID-19 ietekmi uz vēža aprūpi).
    DOI: 10.1787/57ac2732-lv
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  • 183
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    EU Country Cancer Profile: France 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264865228
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: EU Country Cancer Profiles
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Profils sur le cancer par pays : France 2023
    Keywords: Krebskrankheit ; Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheit ; Frankreich ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; France ; Statistik ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: This profile identifies strengths, challenges and specific areas of action on cancer prevention and care in France as part of the European Cancer Inequalities Registry, a flagship initiative of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan. It provides a short synthesis of: the national cancer burden; risk factors for cancer (focusing on behavioural and environmental risk factors); early detection programmes; and cancer care performance (focusing on accessibility, care quality, costs and the impact of COVID-19 on cancer care).
    DOI: 10.1787/7abfbfad-en
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  • 184
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    Improving the timeliness of health expenditure tracking in OECD and low- and middle-income countries (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.152
    Keywords: Gesundheitskosten ; OECD-Staaten ; Schwellenländer ; Entwicklungsländer ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted that access to timely health spending data is crucial for informed policy-making. This Health Working Paper summarises and compares the methodologies applied in around half of OECD countries to estimate public and private health spending for the most recent year (i.e., t-1) as well as the approaches taken by the OECD Secretariat to fill existing data gaps for the remaining OECD countries. For the first time, the paper also explores the feasibility of nowcasting health spending for the current year (i.e., t) and examines data sources that could be potentially useful in such an exercise. While this review should help OECD countries that do not yet have experience in estimating health spending for year t-1 to improve the timeliness in their data reporting, the paper also analyses the applicability of the methods in low- and middle-income countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/0b699976-en
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  • 185
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    Joining Forces for Gender Equality : what is Holding us Back? (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264825833
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (337 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Agir ensemble pour l'égalité des genres (version abrégée) : Quelles priorités ?
    Keywords: Gleichstellungspolitik ; Gleichberechtigung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: OECD countries continue to face persistent gender inequalities in social and economic life. Young women often reach higher levels of education than young men, but remain under-represented in fields with the most lucrative careers. Women spend more time on unpaid work, face a strong motherhood penalty, encounter barriers to entrepreneurship and fare worse in labour markets overall. They are also under-represented in politics and leadership positions in public employment. These elements permeate many policy areas and economic sectors - from international trade and development assistance to energy and the environment - in which policy often lacks a strong gender focus. Violence against women, the most abhorrent manifestation of gender inequality, remains a global crisis. This publication analyses developments and policies for gender equality, such as gender mainstreaming and budgeting, reforms to increase fathers' involvement in parental leave and childcare, pay transparency initiatives to tackle gender pay gaps, and systems to address gender-based violence. It extends the perspective on gender equality to include foreign direct investment, nuclear energy and transport. Advancing gender equality is not just a moral imperative; in times of rapidly ageing populations, low fertility and multiple crises, it will strengthen future gender-equal economic growth and social cohesion
    Description / Table of Contents: Women at work in OECD countries -- The labour market integration challenges of Ukrainian refugee women -- Global goals in gender equality -- Improving policy implementation to end gender-based violence -- Foreword -- Gender gaps in Vocational Education and Training (VET) and adult learning -- Governance tools and evidence to promote inclusive decision making -- Gender equality in public leadership -- Gender balance in the nuclear sector -- Mainstreaming gender equality -- Tax systems and gender -- Gender differences in financial literacy and resilience -- Supporting equal parenting: Paid parental leave -- Addressing gender disparities in access to finance for business creation -- Gender gaps in entrepreneurship remain -- Gender differences in career expectations and feminisation of the teaching profession -- Women entrepreneurs and international trade -- Ensuring the availability, quality and affordability of childcare -- The gender wage gap and the role of firms -- Gender diversity in energy -- The gender gap in school engagement and retention -- Harnessing foreign direct investment for gender equality -- Gender mainstreaming in environmental policies -- Assessing gender equality in transport policies -- Pay transparency to close the gender wage gap -- Participation and performance of girls and boys in education -- Women and the social economy -- Executive summary -- Gender gaps in asset-backed pension arrangements -- Gender diversity on boards and in senior management -- Systems and legal frameworks to address gender-based violence -- Legal frameworks, institutional design and strategic planning for gender mainstreaming -- The potential of digitalisation for women's economic empowerment in MENA countries -- Improving gender equality in public employment -- Teleworking through a gender lens.
    DOI: 10.1787/67d48024-en
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    Informality and Globalisation : In Search of a New Social Contract (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264801349 , 9789264927278 , 9789264982642
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (167 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Globalisierung ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Informelle Wirtschaft ; Arbeitsbedingungen ; Atypische Beschäftigung ; Sozialvertrag ; Globaler Süden ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: Globalisation and rapid technological change have radically transformed labour markets, affecting the lives and prospects of billions of workers. Those in the informal economy, the vast bulk of the workforce in the Global South, have been bearing the brunt. This report is for policy makers seeking to address the factors that make those workers in informality vulnerable. It provides them with a distinctive cross-country comparison of recent informality trends, and how they were affected by the recent crises such as the COVID-19 epidemic, casting light on the impacts of sub-contracting models in global value chains, and digital labour platforms. It argues that an inclusive recovery and greater resilience to future crises necessitate that many countries renew their social contracts, to make them more inclusive of informal workers and their families.
    DOI: 10.1787/c945c24f-en
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  • 187
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    Assessing the Impact of Russia’s War against Ukraine on Eastern Partner Countries (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264525313 , 9789264592292 , 9789264995352
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (82 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Kriegsfolgen ; Ukraine ; Armenien ; Aserbaidschan ; Georgien ; Moldawien ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Trade ; Armenia ; Azerbaijan ; Georgia ; Moldova, Republic of ; Ukraine
    Abstract: Russia’s war against Ukraine is causing a humanitarian, social and economic crisis for the Ukrainian people. The consequences of this full-scale military invasion are disrupting the global supply of commodities, sharply increasing food and energy prices, and threating the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Countries with established commercial and financial ties with the economies of Russia and Ukraine appear to be particularly vulnerable. Assessing the Impact of Russia’s War against Ukraine on Eastern Partner Countries investigates the exposure of Eastern Partner countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Republic of Moldova and Ukraine) to the economic shocks caused by the war, and in particular through the impact that the conflict is having on inflation, migration, remittances, investment and trade. This report is published as part of the multi-country project “EU4Business: From Policies to Action – phase 2”, implemented in the Eastern Partnership with the financial support of the European Union within the EU4Business initiative.
    DOI: 10.1787/946a936c-en
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  • 188
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    Living wages in context : A comparative analysis for OECD countries (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Papers on Well-being and Inequalities no.13
    Keywords: Mindestlohn ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: At a time of rising cost of living, wide wage inequalities and widespread in-work poverty, the demand for a living wage has heightened. The concept of a “living wage” has some limitations, including that it is operationalised in a variety of ways. This variety may serve the purpose of making it a more relevant instrument, typically by providing information on the cost of living that firms and social partners may embed in their wage-setting processes; however, the variety can also increase a lack of transparency. The paper reviews some of the most common methodologies, by identifying points of convergence and divergence. Living wage estimates produced by the Fair Wage Network are then put into context by benchmarking them against internationally comparable wage metrics and poverty lines. Finally, the paper presents a number of critical steps to strengthen the concept of a living wage. This paper does not assess the economic cost or feasibility of living wages, not at the firm level or at the broader industry and economy level. This paper advises using the living wage as one of the pieces of information that – when properly contextualised – could inform wage negotiations and wage policies set in consultation with social partners.
    DOI: 10.1787/2e622174-en
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  • 189
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    Measuring skill gaps in firms: the PIAAC Employer Module (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.292
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This paper introduces the Employer Module of the OECD Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC), a new OECD survey designed to measure the imbalance between the supply of and demand for the skills needed in the workplace (skill gaps), and how this relates to companies’ business strategy and hiring, training and human resource practices. The document first describes the added value of collecting such data, and the different streams of economic research it can contribute to. It then shows how the Module can complement worker-level information on skill imbalances collected in the OECD Survey of Adult Skills. Lastly, it presents the key technical features of the survey, including the questionnaire’s conceptual development, the units of observation and coverage, the mode of administration, and the requirements for data cleaning and validation.
    DOI: 10.1787/903c19c9-en
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  • 190
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    Valuing business impacts in the areas of wage inequality and employee well-being (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Papers on Well-being and Inequalities no.15
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This working paper proposes a methodology to monetise five aspects of employee well-being (wage inequality, being employed, excess working hours, relationships with management and job security) using theoretical and empirical frameworks drawn from welfare economics. Preliminary results highlight a large loss of welfare arising from within-firm wage inequality as well as a strong impact of working conditions on workers’ well-being. On the aggregate, suppressing the negative externalities of the firm linked to excess working hours, tensions with management and job insecurity would yield an increase in social welfare equivalent to a 25% increase in household income, representing many years of economic growth. Greater transparency on company wage distributions and working conditions is necessary to apply these methodologies to real firms.
    DOI: 10.1787/740deb2f-en
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  • 191
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    Valuing a reduction in the risk of very low birth weight : A large scale multi-country stated preference approach (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.217
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: There is ample evidence that exposure to various chemicals can increase the probability of children to be born with low or very low birth weight. Infants born with very low birth weight have a higher risk of suffering from neurosensory problems, issues related to behavioural and social competencies, and learning disabilities than infants born with normal birth weight. Authorities face challenges in regulating chemical substances through actions such as bans and prohibitions, because of the difficulty in explicitly considering the economic benefits and costs of such regulations. Moreover, existing Values of a Statistical Case (VSC) of very low birth weight are rare and cannot be directly applied to the cost benefit analysis of chemical management options for a wide range of countries. This paper is part of the series of large scale willingness to pay (WTP) studies resulting from the Surveys to elicit Willingness to pay to Avoid Chemicals related negative Health Effects (SWACHE) project that intends to improve the basis for doing cost benefit analyses of chemicals management options and environmental policies in general. The present paper details a stated preference survey estimating WTP to reduce the risk of very low birth weight, filling an important gap in the valuation literature and addressing a need for applied benefits analysis for chemicals regulation. The SWACHE very low birth weight survey was fielded in 9 countries: Canada, the Czech Republic, Italy, Mexico, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Türkiye, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
    DOI: 10.1787/dfd159a1-en
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    Valuing the avoidance of IQ losses in children : A large scale multi-country stated preference approach (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (82 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.219
    Keywords: Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Exposure to chemicals has been shown to reduce IQ in children. In turn, a person’s IQ is likely to affect their educational achievements, which may then affect lifetime earnings, more generally, a person’s quality of life. At the same time, authorities face challenges in regulating chemical substances through actions such as bans and prohibitions, because of the difficulty in explicitly considering the economic benefits and costs of such regulations. Moreover, economic studies that show the value of reducing IQ loss caused by chemical exposure are not yet available. This paper is part of the series of large scale willingness to pay (WTP) studies resulting from the Surveys to elicit Willingness to pay to Avoid Chemicals related negative Health Effects (SWACHE) project that intends to improve the basis for doing cost benefit analyses of chemicals management options and environmental policies in general. The present paper details a stated preference survey estimating WTP to avoid IQ loss, filling an important gap in the valuation literature and addressing a need for applied benefits analysis for chemicals regulation. The SWACHE IQ loss survey was fielded in 11 countries: Australia, Canada, Denmark, Korea, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, South Africa, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States.
    DOI: 10.1787/71574eb4-en
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  • 193
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    Health System Performance Assessment Framework for the Czech Republic (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264446496
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Gesundheitswesen ; Gesundheitsökonomik ; Tschechien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: The health system performance assessment (HSPA) framework for the Czech Republic is an initiative designed to help the Czech health system improve policy planning, monitoring, and decision taking. This report describes the HSPA framework for the Czech Republic, its development process, governance structure and implementation roadmap. It also details the Czech HSPA framework domains, populated by indicators selected through a comprehensive review process. As such, the framework enables the assessment of strengths and weaknesses of the Czech health system. Its implementation will increase the accountability of national authorities and principal healthcare stakeholders, improve public involvement, smooth flow of information across the health sector, and allow reform planning and monitoring.
    DOI: 10.1787/5d59b667-en
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  • 194
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    Adolescent Education and Pre-Employment Interventions in Australia : Keeping Young People in Education, Employment and Training (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264854642 , 9789264360174 , 9789264894907
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Berufsbildung ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; Jugendliche ; Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Australien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia
    Abstract: About one in ten young people in Australia are neither in employment, education or training (NEET), a factor that may lower their long-term economic prospects and threaten their well-being. Individuals who did not graduate from upper secondary education, who have health limitations, or who are Indigenous are over-represented in this group. Preventative policies and interventions targeted at adolescents in their early- to mid-teens can reduce the share of young people out of employment, education and training. This report explores what is known about the potential preventative impact of educational and pre-employment interventions on later NEET status and presents a range of policies and initiatives from across the OECD that can reduce the NEET probability among key at-risk populations. The report covers interventions to prevent early school leaving and to promote student engagement and motivation; to strengthen career education, career guidance and employer engagement; and to improve the perception of the vocational education and training (VET) system and the learning of VET students. The report also provides recommendations on improving the monitoring and evaluation of youth policies in general and policies to keep young people in employment, education and training in particular.
    DOI: 10.1787/7bf19171-en
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  • 195
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    Panorama da Saúde: América Latina e Caribe 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264630864 , 9789264789920 , 9789264750708
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Health at a Glance: Latin America and the Caribbean 2023
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Esta segunda edição do Panorama da Saúde: América Latina e Caribe 2023, preparada conjuntamente pela OCDE e o Banco Mundial, apresenta um conjunto de indicadores sobre estado de saúde, determinantes da saúde, recursos e utilização dos serviços de saúde, gastos e financiamento da saúde, qualidade da atenção à saúde, força de trabalho em saúde e envelhecimento da população em 33 países da América Latina e do Caribe. Cada um dos indicadores é apresentado em um formato de fácil utilização, consistindo de gráficos que ilustram as variações entre países e ao longo do tempo. Os indicadores também são acompanhados de breves análises descritivas destacando as principais conclusões associadas aos dados e quadros metodológicos contendo a definição dos indicadores e eventuais limitações na comparabilidade dos dados. Esta edição do Panorama da Saúde: América Latina e Caribe 2023 também inclui análises temáticas sobre dois tópicos de grande importância para a construção de sistemas de saúde mais resilientes: o impacto da pandemia da COVID-19 nos sistemas de saúde da América Latina e Caribe e os desafios das mudanças climáticas para a saúde.
    DOI: 10.1787/047f9a8a-pt
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    Refugees and internally displaced persons in development planning : No-one left behind? (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Policy Papers no.47
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: This paper provides a factual baseline of the extent to which refugees and internally displaced persons are included in development planning, specifically in the national development plans and sector plans of low- and middle-income countries; in the international development co-operation strategies of Development Assistance Committee (DAC) members and participants; and in the UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Frameworks of the UN development system at country level. It contributes to measuring progress towards commitments – under the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) and the UN Action Agenda on Internal Displacement – to treat forced displacement also as a development issue. Finally, it formulates policy recommendations to further improve the inclusion of the forcibly displaced in development planning.
    DOI: 10.1787/08c021b0-en
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  • 197
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    Win-win solutions for well-being and mental health (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Insights on Well-being, Inclusion and Equal Opportunity no.11
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Des solutions gagnant-gagnant pour le bien-être et la santé mentale
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Good mental health is a vital part of people's well-being and essential for individuals and societies to thrive. The recognition that successful mental health strategies need to involve a range of sectors beyond health is not new, yet in practice coalition-building often remains limited and not implemented at scale. This Policy Insights highlights the main findings from the report How to Make Societies Thrive? Coordinating Approaches to Promote Well-being and Mental Health that uses the OECD Well-being Framework to review how people's economic, social, relational, civic and environmental experiences interlink with their mental health, and uses this evidence to identify policies that can jointly improve both mental health and wider well-being outcomes. Selected mental health initiatives across the OECD are also reviewed to illustrate which elements of the policy ecosystem can support collaboration across government and with society more broadly.
    DOI: 10.1787/93b79ccf-en
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  • 198
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    The uneven impact of high inflation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Papers on Well-being and Inequalities no.18
    Keywords: Inflationsrate ; Verteilungswirkung ; Verbraucherpreisindex ; Preisindex ; Inflation ; EU-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Inflation indices – such as the national Consumer Price Indices (CPI) and the EU Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices (HICP) – measure price changes for the overall economy, which may not reflect the inflation experience of an individual household or group of households. This paper contributes to previous studies of the distributive impact of recent high inflation in EU Member States. Producing more granular and recent results, this paper finds a substantial rise in effective inflation dispersion across households and confirms that lower-income households continue to experience higher inflation. This inflation gap remains even after energy prices have eased and when controlling for other household characteristics. Results also show that the distributive impact of inflation on household groups has varied over time, as changes in relative prices across the inflationary period have influenced the extent of the impact of inflation across population groups. Finally, differences in effective inflation rates have cumulated over time, particularly for households with lower-income and headed by people aged 60 years or more and with lower levels of education.
    DOI: 10.1787/59e2b8ae-en
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  • 199
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    Patient engagement for patient safety : The why, what, and how of patient engagement for improving patient safety (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.159
    Keywords: Patienten ; Dienstleistungsqualität ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; Selbsthilfe ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Patients' and citizens' perspectives and their active engagement are critical to make health systems safer and people-centred, and are key for co-designing health services and co-producing good health with healthcare professionals, and building trust in health systems. Patients, families, caregivers and citizens can contribute towards improving patient safety at all levels from clinical, local, institutional (e.g. hospital , nursing home), community (e.g. primary care, home care) and national levels of healthcare systems. This report, the sixth in the series on the Economics of Patient Safety, covers: (i) the economic impact of patient engagement for patient safety; (ii) the results of a pilot data collection to measure patient-reported experiences of safety and; (iii) the status of initiatives on patient engagement for patient safety taken in 21 countries, which responded to a snapshot survey. It also provides recommendations for countries to enhance patient engagement for patient safety.
    DOI: 10.1787/5fa8df20-en
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  • 200
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    Main Findings from the 2022 OECD Risks that Matter Survey (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264765085 , 9789264918832 , 9789264808416
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Verbraucherpreisindex ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Risiko ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Prices of essentials like energy and food have increased dramatically in OECD countries, adding uncertainty to household finances despite a persistently strong labour market post COVID-19. The latest edition of the OECD Risks that Matter (RTM) survey confirms that costs of living are at the top of people's minds even in the world's wealthiest countries: around nine in ten respondents, on average, report feeling concerned about inflation. Drawing on a representative sample of 27 000 respondents across 27 OECD countries, RTM illustrates respondents' perceived economic risks, levels of satisfaction with current social policies, and preferences for future government action on social protection. People are calling on governments to help with the cost-of-living crisis, to spend more on health post COVID-19, and to reinforce support for older people, including in long-term care. Based on a comprehensive cross-national survey of perceptions of social protection, this report offers lessons for the functioning of social programmes as countries emerge from COVID-19, manage the cost-of-living crisis, and plan for future challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/70aea928-en
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