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  • HU-Berlin Edoc  (3)
  • 2015-2019  (2)
  • 1995-1999  (1)
  • Geography  (3)
  • Law
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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (198 Seiten)
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2017
    DDC: 301
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Gentrification ; Urbaner Wandel ; Nachbarschaft ; Organisation ; Gentrification ; Urban Change ; Neighbourhood ; Organisation ; Soziologie, Anthropologie ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Die dominante These fortschreitender Säkularisierung hat die Rolle religiöser Akteure in gegenwärtigen städtischen Transformationsprozessen nahezu unsichtbar gemacht. Doch wie sehen diese Prozesse aus, wenn sie durch die postsäkulare Brille betrachtet werden? Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den Folgen von Gentrifizierung in innerstädtischen Nachbarschaften Londons und Berlins. Sie betrachtet diese dominanten urbanen Entwicklungen dabei durch die Perspektive wachsender Kirchengemeinden. Es wird gefragt: warum sind Kirchengemeinden für Zuzügler in Aufwertungsgebieten attraktiv? Wie verändern die Praktiken der Kirchengemeinden und ihrer Mitglieder urbanen Raum? Wie können diese Praktiken dazu beitragen, gegenwärtige Prozesse der fortschreitenden Urbanisierung und Theorien der Gentrification besser zu verstehen? Die empirischen Ergebnisse führen zu zwei theoretischen Schlussfolgerungen im Bereich der Stadtforschung. Erstens sind Kirchengemeinden nicht nur Akteure der Segregation, wie zumeist postuliert. Als sozial diverse ‘reviving communities’ stellen sie vielmehr einen Nukleus zur Revitalisierung gemeinschaftlichen Lebens in innerstädtischen Aufwertungsgebieten dar. Zweitens ermöglichen die in Kirchengemeinden gelebten ‘Theo- ethischen’ Praktiken Räume für alternative Entwicklunsgwege (‘spaces of possibility’) innerhalb dominant neoliberalen urbanen Wandels. Das stellt die dominante Perspektive der Stadtforschung in Frage, nach der Gentrifizierung stets zu unüberwindbaren ‘Grenzen’ (‘frontiers’) zwischen verschiedenen Lebenswelten führt. Stattdessen zeigt die vorliegende Arbeit, dass Gentrifizierung besser als ein umkämpfter Korridor urbanen Wandels zu verstehen ist, in dem Nachbarschaftsorganisationen in der Lage sind, ‘micropublics’ als alternative Räume der Begegnung herzustellen und damit kulturelle und soziale Grenzen auf lokaler Ebene zu überwinden.
    Abstract: The predominant hypothesis about the secularisation of societies in the Global North made religious actors almost invisible to academic and non- academic observers of contemporary dynamics of urban change. How would the urban look different from a postsecular comparative perspective? This thesis studies consequences of gentrification in inner-city areas of London and Berlin through the perspective of church congregations. It asks, why are people who move into gentrifying areas, interested in church congregations? How do the practices of congregations and congregants shape urban spaces? How can contemporary urbanisation and theories of gentrification be better understood through these practices? To answer these questions, this thesis conceptualises church congregations as neighbourhood organisations and discusses their relevance in understanding urban change. Through the comparison of six different cases (growing church congregations) in two urban contexts (London and Berlin), it develops a theoretical understanding of church congregations as fields of boundary work in order to scrutinise spaces where pressures of displacement and church practices collide. The empirical results lead to two further contributions to the literature on gentrification. Firstly, church congregations are not merely a segregating force. As socially diverse ‘reviving communities’ they also provide a nucleus for the revitalisation of mutual living in inner-cities. Secondly, by enabling ‘spaces of possibility’ through ‘theo-ethic’ practices, church congregations create further possibilities for transformation within processes of urban change. This finding from within a particular form of neighbourhood organisation, questions the very core of gentrification creating ‘frontiers’ as boundaries between different lifeworlds.
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 Seiten)
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2017
    DDC: 333.7
    RVK:
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Transnationale Landnahmen ; Landnutzungswandel ; Telecoupling Konzept ; Mensch-Umwelt-Systeme ; Chinesischen Investoren ; Bananenplantagen ; Laos ; Transnational land acquisitions ; Land use change ; Livelihood change ; Telecoupling ; Coupled human-environment systems ; Chinese investments ; Banana plantations ; Laos ; Natürliche Resourcen, Energie und Umwelt ; Geowissenschaften ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Geschichte und Geografie
    Abstract: Die weltweit steigende Nachfrage nach land-basierten Rohstoffen erhöht stetig den Druck auf Land und Landnutzung, vor allem in ressourcenreichen Frontierregionen. Eine gegenwärtige Erscheinungsform dessen stellen Transnationale Landnahmen dar, die den Landnutzungswandel vorantreiben und die landbasierte Lebensgrundlage insbesondere der ländlichen Bevölkerung in vielen Teilen der Welt massiv bedroht. Ziel dieser Doktorarbeit ist es, ein besseres Verständnis der komplexen Prozesse zu schaffen, die Landnahmen befördern. Erstens untersucht sie die rezente Konjunktur des Bananenanbaus in der Provinz Luang Namtha, Laos, die von Chinesischen Investoren getrieben wird. Zweitens zieht die Arbeit das telecoupling Konzept heran und unterzieht es einer kritischen Diskussion in Bezug auf seinen Mehrwert für die Analyse räumlich entkoppelter sozioökonomischer und ökologischer Wechselwirkungen. Eine mehrmonatige ethnographische Feldforschung und deren qualitative Analyse stellen die Grundlage dieser Arbeit dar. Ausgehend von zwei Bananenplantagen in einer kleinen ländlichen Gemeinde fokussiert die Arbeit die Mechanismen und Prozesse, die die Bananenexpansion befördern. Das telecoupling Konzept dient als Instrument, um zu analysieren, welchen Einfluss die multiplen und ko-konstitutiven Interaktionen auf den Vorstoß des Bananenanbaus haben. Darüber hinaus verdeutlichen die tiefgehenden lokalitätsbezogenen Analysen die verschiedenen Kontexte auf, die dieses Wechselspiel spezifisch lokal verorten und gestalten. Die Fallstudie zeigt auf, wie die räumlich entkoppelten Beziehungen durch ein grenzüberspannendes Netzwerk chinesischer Investoren mit sozialen Verbindungen in die Provinz hinein, sowie auf den (chinesischen) Obstmarkt vermittelt werden. Außerdem stellt die Studie heraus, dass die Strategien der Investoren zur Landgewinnung und der daraus resultierende verheerende Landnutzungswandel einer Entfremdung der Dorfbewohner_innen ‘vom Boden’ gleichkommen. Durch die empirische, methodologische sowie konzeptuelle Auseinandersetzung mit dem telecoupling Konzept verweist die Arbeit letztlich auf den Wert qualitativer Analysen für die schwer greifbaren, ‚immateriellen’ Interaktionen sowie mögliche Feedbackmechanismen, welche Landnutzungswandel in einer globalisierten Welt bestimmen.
    Abstract: The global demand for land resources has increased the pressures on land, especially in resource-rich frontier regions. Transnational land acquisitions constitute one of these pressures that currently shape land use change and threaten land access and land-based livelihoods in rural areas. This thesis contributes to create a better understanding of the complex processes involved in such land acquisitions in two ways. First, it examines a recent boom in banana cultivation in Luang Namtha Province, Lao PDR driven by Chinese investors leasing land from Lao farmers and exporting the bananas to China. Second, it critically engages with the emerging telecoupling framework proposed in Land System Science as an analytical framework for dealing with distal causal interactions. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and using qualitative analyses, the thesis examines two plantations in a small village and traces the actors, mechanisms and processes driving the banana expansion. Using the telecoupling framework as a heuristic device, the study illuminates how multiple and co-constitutive economic, environmental, political and discursive interactions influence the banana expansion. Furthermore, the in-depth place-based analyses reveal how different contextual factors ground and shape these interactions in this particular location. In this case, the distal interactions are mediated through a cross-border network of Chinese investors with social ties in the local area, as well as in the fruit market in China. The study shows that the investors’ strategies to obtain access to the land combined with the resulting destructive land use conversion amount to an alienation of land from the villagers. By engaging empirically, methodologically and conceptually with the telecoupling framework, the thesis advances the discussion on telecoupling by demonstrating the value of qualitative analysis for capturing some of the more elusive and immaterial interactions, as well as potential feedbacks influencing land use change in a globalised world.
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (300 Seiten)
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III 1998
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie
    Abstract: The first visible outcome of the fertility process is the birth of the first child. The first birth marks a woman's transition into motherhood. It plays a significant role in the future life of each individual woman and has a direct relationship with fertility. The age at which child bearing begins influences the number of children a woman bears throughout her reproductive period in the absence of any active fertility control. For countries in sub-Saharan Africa, where contraceptive use is relatively low, younger ages at first birth tend to boost the number of children a woman will have. However, even when family planning is widespread, the timing of first births can affect completed family size if contraception is used for spacing but not for limiting fertility. The birth of a child is an event of great social and individual significance and its importance is recognised in all human societies. It signifies the transition of a couple into a new social status, i.e. parenthood with its related expectations and responsibilities. It marks the sexual and social maturity of the mother and the visible consummation of sexual intercourse . The relationship between age at first birth and overall fertility in developing countries is generally an underdeveloped area as far as demographic research is concerned. Fertility analysts generally assume that child bearing only occurs within marriage. Then they treat age at first marriage to be a major proximate determinant of fertility. This assumption might have been true in most traditional societies, where births out of wedlock were not accepted and virginity was a prerequisite for marriage. This assumption, however, does not hold true in modern times, where a large number of children is born outside marriage. These facts have been the major motive of conducting the current research. This study examines the reproductive behaviour of Tanzanian women. The study found the average age at first sexual intercourse to be 16 years; age at first marriage to be 17 years, while average age at first child bearing was estimated to be 18 years. By age 15, almost 10 percent of juvenile women have given birth. This study furthermore found that 41 percent of all first live births resulted from premarital conceptions. Out-of-wedlock births account for 24 percent of all first births in Tanzania according to the 1996 TDHS. The education of a woman, place of residence, and religion play the greatest roles in influencing age at first birth in Tanzania. The striking results were place of residence as it was found that rural residents have a higher mean age at first birth than women living in Dar es Salaam. Dar es Salaam women has the lowest mean age at first birth. Moslems have lower age at first birth than Catholics. There is also a strong relationship between age at first birth and age at first intercourse also with infant and child mortality. The results indicate that the younger the age of the mother at the birth of the first child, the higher the chances that the child dies. The study of current levels and trends of fertility showed that, on the average, a Tanzanian woman bears 6 children. Between the 1960s and early 1980s, an average of 7 births per woman prevailed in Tanzania. The declining fertility in Tanzania was confirmed by the analysis of the decomposition of the change of the total fertility rate (TFR) between two TDHSs. It found that natural fertility control is being gradually replaced by contraceptive use although the percentage of women using contraception is still very low. The reduction in infant and child mortality, rising numbers of women attending schools, and a rise in age at first birth are among the factors responsible for the decline in fertility in Tanzania. Education on the other hand has played a major role in raising age at first birth. Education either delays first intercourse and subsequently birth as pregnant schoolgirls are prohibited to attend formal schools or it effects the acceptance of contraception to delay first conception. Specifically, this study establish that there is an inverse relationship between age at first birth and fertility. Marriage is a weak factor in explaining fertility in Tanzania. Women in polygamous unions had fewer number of children ever born than those in monogamous unions in Tanzania. Moslems have a lower fertility than Catholics. Women residing in urban areas have fewer children than those in the rural areas. Women's education is the strongest predictor of the use of contraceptives in Tanzania. Catholic women are less likely to use contraceptives than Moslems. Tanzanian women residing in rural areas are less likely to use contraception than their counterparts residing in urban areas. Although age at first birth did not show any significance, age at first intercourse, age at first marriage and current age are highly related to contraceptive use. Variation in age at first sexual intercourse; marriage; and birth, and the extent of practising contraception are found to depend mainly on religion, place of residence, and the age of a woman. It is important therefore to design separate programmes to raise age at first birth and to lower fertility according to the findings related to religion, place of residence, and target juvenile women separately.
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