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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (2,247)
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  • English  (2,247)
  • Washington, D.C : World Bank  (2,090)
  • Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Advances in rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering; volume II: Volume II / edited by Mahdi Hasanipanah, Danial Jahed Armaghani, Jian Zhou (2023)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    In:  volume II
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036597751
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 526 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume II
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; strength prediction ; brittle rock ; grain-structure representation ; micro-properties ; bonded block models ; Voronoi tessellation ; structure-type rockburst ; evolution mechanism ; particle flow code ; flat-joint model ; pre-grouting ; soft coal mass ; coal-grout structure ; shear behavior ; quality improvement ; rock strength ; tensile behaviour ; neuro-fuzzy ; regression ; non-destructive tests ; paste filling ; slicing mining ; false roof stability ; optimal false roof thickness ; tree-based techniques ; feature selection ; pile bearing capacity ; gradient boosted tree ; random forest ; in situ stress ; rock blasting ; crack propagation ; model test ; rheological deformation ; key stratum ; roadway groups ; roadway deformation ; surrounding rock control ; triaxial creep experiment ; cyclic loading and unloading ; elasto-visco-plastic strain ; irrecoverable strain ; tertiary creep stage ; nonlinear creep damage model ; high-altitude slope ; BP neural network ; freeze-thaw cycle ; geological conditions ; mining method ; soft broken complex ore body ; improved AHP ; comprehensive evaluation index ; blasting ; back-break ; SVM ; metaheuristic algorithms ; moth–flame optimization ; whale optimization algorithm ; tilted strata ; roadway ; nonuniform deformation ; physical simulation ; HFDEM ; numerical method ; rock fracture ; strain rate ; mining engineering ; backfill mining ; high-concentration backfill ; elastic modulus ; K-fold cross-validation ; mining ; rock engineering ; sensitivity analysis ; XGBoost ; limit equilibrium method (LEM) ; limit analysis ; accuracy ; slope stability ; homogenous slopes ; error accuracy classification chart ; physical and mechanical responses ; Egyptian granodiorite ; thermal damage threshold ; microstructure ; thermal constructions ; rock slope analysis ; limited analysis method ; numerical methods ; combined/hybrid finite–discrete element method ; FDEM ; non-renewable ; clean coal technology ; waste of resources ; “110 construction method” ; collapse settlement control ; moisture content ; dry–wet cycles ; cyclic loading ; injury mechanism ; acoustic emission RA-AF ; thermal effect prediction model ; uniaxial compressive strength ; static Young’s modulus ; artificial neural network ; multilinear regression ; rock mass ; hydraulic conductivity ; sustainability ; rock mechanics ; geotechnical engineering ; geomechanical engineering ; mining technology ; natural stones ; temperature ; fire ; thermal effect ; point load strength ; porosity ; color ; gloss ; automated mineral identification ; LBP ; classification ; texture feature ; liquefaction potential ; prediction ; Bayesian optimization ; support vector machines ; optimization ; Hoek–Brown criterion ; Mohr failure envelope ; Balmer’s equation ; limit equilibrium analysis ; modified Bishop approach ; active earth pressure ; unsaturated narrow backfill ; interlayer shear stress ; arching effect ; thin-layer element method ; tunnel excavation ; cut blasting method ; LLB method ; uncharged hole ; numerical simulation ; spectrum index ; water content ; hyperspectral information ; V-type firing pattern ; collision fragmentation ; RSA ; ANN ; coupled stress-hydro effect ; uniaxial loading ; infrared radiation ; warning threshold ; non-destructive monitoring ; alteration ; tunnel ; stress field ; deformation field ; plastic zone ; flyrock ; weathering index (WI) ; equilibrium optimizer (EO) ; particle swarm optimization (PSO) ; extreme learning machine (ELM) ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; high-water material ; seawater ; water-cement ratio ; strength ; mining method optimization ; difficult-to-mine complicated orebody ; multiple attribute decision making ; Pythagorean fuzzy sets and TOPSIS method ; mechanized upward horizontal layering method ; plateau alluvial-lacustrine deposits ; round gravelly soil ; large scale direct shear test ; shear strength parameters ; Erbil ; geotechnical characterization ; GIS ; ANFIS ; differential evolution ; firefly algorithm ; frozen rock mass blasting ; ice-filled crack ; explosion stress wave propagation ; attenuation factor ; UCS ; intelligent and statistical methods ; sedimentary rocks ; modulus of deformation ; RMR ; in situ testing ; modelling ; instrumentation ; failure risk ; element failure probability ; spatial variability ; stochastic groundwater level ; upper bound method ; rock joints ; shear strength ; scale effects ; normal stress ; JRC ; PFC simulation ; water inrush ; precursor ; strain energy ; normalized ; sustainable mine ; blast-induced flyrock ; LSSVM ; prediction models ; salt cavern ; underground gas storage ; continuum-discrete coupled method ; thermal-mechanical coupling ; thermal damage ; marble strength ; direct and indirect methods ; correlations analysis ; artificial intelligence techniques ; performance indicators ; resonant column test ; torsional simple shear test ; damping ratio ; steady-state vibration ; free vibration decay ; bibliometric analysis ; pile foundation ; sustainable structure ; VOS viewer ; Web of Science ; red clay ; desiccation cracking mechanism ; digital image correlation technology ; strain ; displacement ; mineral carbonation ; comminution energy ; stress–strain relationship ; elastic properties ; radial distribution function ; crown deformation ; underground caverns ; parametric study ; multiple linear regression ; twin tunnels ; 3D numerical analysis ; surface settlement ; field measurement ; geotechnical and geological conditions
    Abstract: The Special Issue entitled “Advances in Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering” is devoted to the publication of the latest research, field works, and laboratory investigations in the area of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering. This Special Issue has published novel contributions in different areas of geotechnical and geomechanical engineering such as slope and embankment, tunneling and underground space technologies, pile and foundation, rock mechanics and rock blasting, excavation and leveling projects, ground improvement techniques, unsaturated soil, practical issues in soft soil, mining technology, geo-environmental engineering, new laboratory testing, applied geology for construction, and novel geotechnical construction methods. The focus of this reprint is on the development of computational methods for solving problems in the fields of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering
    Note: Volltext: PDF , English
    DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-0365-9775-1
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Advances in rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering; volume I: Volume I / edited by Mahdi Hasanipanah, Danial Jahed Armaghani, Jian Zhou (2023)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    In:  volume I
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036597737
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 560 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume I
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; strength prediction ; brittle rock ; grain-structure representation ; micro-properties ; bonded block models ; Voronoi tessellation ; structure-type rockburst ; evolution mechanism ; particle flow code ; flat-joint model ; pre-grouting ; soft coal mass ; coal-grout structure ; shear behavior ; quality improvement ; rock strength ; tensile behaviour ; neuro-fuzzy ; regression ; non-destructive tests ; paste filling ; slicing mining ; false roof stability ; optimal false roof thickness ; tree-based techniques ; feature selection ; pile bearing capacity ; gradient boosted tree ; random forest ; in situ stress ; rock blasting ; crack propagation ; model test ; rheological deformation ; key stratum ; roadway groups ; roadway deformation ; surrounding rock control ; triaxial creep experiment ; cyclic loading and unloading ; elasto-visco-plastic strain ; irrecoverable strain ; tertiary creep stage ; nonlinear creep damage model ; high-altitude slope ; BP neural network ; freeze-thaw cycle ; geological conditions ; mining method ; soft broken complex ore body ; improved AHP ; comprehensive evaluation index ; blasting ; back-break ; SVM ; metaheuristic algorithms ; moth–flame optimization ; whale optimization algorithm ; tilted strata ; roadway ; nonuniform deformation ; physical simulation ; HFDEM ; numerical method ; rock fracture ; strain rate ; mining engineering ; backfill mining ; high-concentration backfill ; elastic modulus ; K-fold cross-validation ; mining ; rock engineering ; sensitivity analysis ; XGBoost ; limit equilibrium method (LEM) ; limit analysis ; accuracy ; slope stability ; homogenous slopes ; error accuracy classification chart ; physical and mechanical responses ; Egyptian granodiorite ; thermal damage threshold ; microstructure ; thermal constructions ; rock slope analysis ; limited analysis method ; numerical methods ; combined/hybrid finite–discrete element method ; FDEM ; non-renewable ; clean coal technology ; waste of resources ; “110 construction method” ; collapse settlement control ; moisture content ; dry–wet cycles ; cyclic loading ; injury mechanism ; acoustic emission RA-AF ; thermal effect prediction model ; uniaxial compressive strength ; static Young’s modulus ; artificial neural network ; multilinear regression ; rock mass ; hydraulic conductivity ; sustainability ; rock mechanics ; geotechnical engineering ; geomechanical engineering ; mining technology ; natural stones ; temperature ; fire ; thermal effect ; point load strength ; porosity ; color ; gloss ; automated mineral identification ; LBP ; classification ; texture feature ; liquefaction potential ; prediction ; Bayesian optimization ; support vector machines ; optimization ; Hoek–Brown criterion ; Mohr failure envelope ; Balmer’s equation ; limit equilibrium analysis ; modified Bishop approach ; active earth pressure ; unsaturated narrow backfill ; interlayer shear stress ; arching effect ; thin-layer element method ; tunnel excavation ; cut blasting method ; LLB method ; uncharged hole ; numerical simulation ; spectrum index ; water content ; hyperspectral information ; V-type firing pattern ; collision fragmentation ; RSA ; ANN ; coupled stress-hydro effect ; uniaxial loading ; infrared radiation ; warning threshold ; non-destructive monitoring ; alteration ; tunnel ; stress field ; deformation field ; plastic zone ; flyrock ; weathering index (WI) ; equilibrium optimizer (EO) ; particle swarm optimization (PSO) ; extreme learning machine (ELM) ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; high-water material ; seawater ; water-cement ratio ; strength ; mining method optimization ; difficult-to-mine complicated orebody ; multiple attribute decision making ; Pythagorean fuzzy sets and TOPSIS method ; mechanized upward horizontal layering method ; plateau alluvial-lacustrine deposits ; round gravelly soil ; large scale direct shear test ; shear strength parameters ; Erbil ; geotechnical characterization ; GIS ; ANFIS ; differential evolution ; firefly algorithm ; frozen rock mass blasting ; ice-filled crack ; explosion stress wave propagation ; attenuation factor ; UCS ; intelligent and statistical methods ; sedimentary rocks ; modulus of deformation ; RMR ; in situ testing ; modelling ; instrumentation ; failure risk ; element failure probability ; spatial variability ; stochastic groundwater level ; upper bound method ; rock joints ; shear strength ; scale effects ; normal stress ; JRC ; PFC simulation ; water inrush ; precursor ; strain energy ; normalized ; sustainable mine ; blast-induced flyrock ; LSSVM ; prediction models ; salt cavern ; underground gas storage ; continuum-discrete coupled method ; thermal-mechanical coupling ; thermal damage ; marble strength ; direct and indirect methods ; correlations analysis ; artificial intelligence techniques ; performance indicators ; resonant column test ; torsional simple shear test ; damping ratio ; steady-state vibration ; free vibration decay ; bibliometric analysis ; pile foundation ; sustainable structure ; VOS viewer ; Web of Science ; red clay ; desiccation cracking mechanism ; digital image correlation technology ; strain ; displacement ; mineral carbonation ; comminution energy ; stress–strain relationship ; elastic properties ; radial distribution function ; crown deformation ; underground caverns ; parametric study ; multiple linear regression ; twin tunnels ; 3D numerical analysis ; surface settlement ; field measurement ; geotechnical and geological conditions
    Abstract: The Special Issue entitled “Advances in Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering” is devoted to the publication of the latest research, field works, and laboratory investigations in the area of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering. This Special Issue has published novel contributions in different areas of geotechnical and geomechanical engineering such as slope and embankment, tunneling and underground space technologies, pile and foundation, rock mechanics and rock blasting, excavation and leveling projects, ground improvement techniques, unsaturated soil, practical issues in soft soil, mining technology, geo-environmental engineering, new laboratory testing, applied geology for construction, and novel geotechnical construction methods. The focus of this reprint is on the development of computational methods for solving problems in the fields of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering
    Note: Volltext: PDF , English
    DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-0365-9773-7
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  • 3
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    Environment and Geochemistry of Sediments (2023)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036581095
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (vii, 169 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Environmental economics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Küstensediment ; Biogeochemie ; Seesediment ; Organische Geochemie ; Umweltgeochemie ; Archäologische Stätte ; Archäometrie ; Geochemie
    Abstract: This reprint considers a vast range of questions devoted to environmental geochemistry. The themes of the research cover different problems of the geochemistry of sediments, such as the reconstruction of the paleoenvironment in the lake basins, climate evolution during the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian period, and the study of the paleoenvironment in the eastern Tethys. Several articles discuss the features of the geochemistry of sedimentation in places of prehistoric anthropogenic activity. Based on the geochronological analysis, the magnetic susceptibility anthropogenic sources of metals in south-eastern Baltic lake sediments from the Neolithic to the Medieval Age were determined. A new approach using the geochemical indication was developed for the determination of the functional zones of prehistoric archaeological sites in Eastern Europe. The application of geochemical multi-element and geochronological analyses of the Iron Age and early Roman cultural layers was considered at the archaeological site in the Netherlands. Some papers are devoted to the pollution hazard problem concerning, for example, the accumulation and distribution of a hazardous contaminant, mercury (Hg), in the basin of Onega Lake, Russia, the second largest lake in Europe, and the distribution of arsenic in the soils of the Verkhnekamskoe potassium salt deposit, Perm Krai, Russia. The ecological state of basins as a result of technogenic processes using a geochemical approach is illuminated in the papers devoted to the mineralogical and geochemical contents of the bottom sediments of Al-Kharrar and Al-Shuaiba Lagoons, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia
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    DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-0365-8109-5
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  • 4
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    Cutting edge earth sciences : three decades of cosmogenic nuclides (2023)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036571492
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (vi, 271 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This Special Issue of Geosciences focuses on the application of the cosmogenic nuclides (3He, 10Be, 14C, 21Ne, 26Al and 36Cl) in diverse disciplines in the field of earth sciences, as well as on improvements in sampling, analytical sample preparation and analytical techniques. After the past three decades, and nearly 70 years after the first application, cosmogenic nuclides have become an amazingly versatile tool for Earth scientists to disentangle the unsolved pieces of Earth's history during the Quaternary. Today, Earth scientists apply cosmogenic nuclides to establish the timing of Quaternary ice volume fluctuations, and volcanic and palaeoseismic events, to gauge surface and/or rock uplift and denudation rates and to reconstruct terrace chronologies, as well as to determine the rates and styles of local and large-scale erosion, soil development and landscape evolution
    Note: English
    DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-0365-7149-2
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  • 5
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    The Apennines : tectonics, sedimentation, and magmatism from the Palaeozoic to the Present (2023)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036522524
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 439 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning
    Abstract: The Apennine orogenic system is a natural laboratory for multidisciplinary and integrated studies. The evolution of the Apennines is framed by the fragmentation of Pangea and the development of the Tyrrhenian Basin. Thus, the Apennines have carried this memory from the Permian and Triassic–Early Jurassic rifting, to the Oligocene–Miocene collision, and finally to the Miocene–Present, during which extension and compression have progressively migrated eastwards. Magmatism, hydrothermalism, and sedimentation in the Apennines have accordingly evolved in time and space. In this Special Issue, multidisciplinary and integrated studies have been published improving our knowledge of the Apennines and discussing: (a) the development of deformation and metamorphism in different tectonic environments, from the rifting stage to the subduction, exhumation, and late-orogenic stages; (b) the Meso-Cenozoic tectono-stratigraphic evolution of sedimentary basins, and their role in the Apennine orogeny; (c) the thermochronological evolution of sedimentary units and the dating of deformation episodes through geochemical techniques; (d) the magmatism and its connection to geodynamic evolution, from the mountain chain to the Tyrrhenian Basin; (e) recent tectonics, as reconstructed through seismological and paleo-seismological studies; and (f) the crustal structure, as derived by geophysical methods and their interpretation
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    DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-0365-2252-4
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  • 6
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    3D/4D geological modeling for mineral exploration (2023)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036574370
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (vi, 233 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning
    Abstract: With the development of high-precision geological observation technology, in situ mineral microanalysis technology, isotope geochemical analysis technology, deep geophysical exploration technology, deep drilling, real-time mining, remote sensing highresolution hyperspectral image technology, and supercomputer and industrial intelligence, geoscience has entered an era of big data and artificial intelligence in the 21st century. Three-dimensional/four-dimensional (3D/4D) geoscience modeling with the multi-disciplinary intersection of geosciences has been used as the basis for mineral exploration and the extraction of geosciences information for mineral resource assessment
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    DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-0365-7437-0
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  • 7
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    Mine hazards identification, prevention and control (2023)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036594316
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 463 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; mine hazards ; coal/rock disasters ; coal and gas outburst ; monitoring and early warning ; prevention and control ; identification method ; gas explosions ; coal fires ; composite dynamic disasters ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Bergschaden ; Bergsenkung ; Grundausgasung ; Grubengas ; Schlagwetterexplosion ; Grubenbewetterung ; Grubenunglück ; Vermeidung ; Grubensicherheit ; Prävention ; Grubenbrand ; Schlagwetterschutz ; Kohlenbergbau ; Kohlenbergwerk ; Schlagwetterexplosion ; Standsicherheit ; Ingenieurgeologie ; Geotechnik ; Bergbau ; Setzung ; Staubexplosion
    Abstract: In human social development, the consumption of fossil energy, especially coal, has promoted economic prosperity, cultural exchanges, and social progress. With shallow coal resources exhausted, coal mining engineering has entered deep areas. The coal geology environment of the deep area differs from that of the shallow. With mining depth increasing, all the stress of buried rock stratum and surrounding rock and gas pressure of coal seam increase gradually. In addition, geological structures, such as complex faults, big folds, and thick-hard roofs, will increase the risk of coal mining. Once the dynamic disaster occurs, it will induce miner casualties and property losses. So, it is urgent to identify mine hazards, such as coal and gas outbursts, rock bursts, gas explosions, and coal fires, and research their formation mechanism, occurrence, and development process. Furthermore, prevention and control methods should be proposed to reduce mine disasters. Only in this way can we promote the safe, green, and efficient development of coal mining. This Topical Collection, titled “Mine Hazards Identification, Prevention, and Control,” aims to allow global researchers to conduct a broader scientific and technological discussion on such advances to improve the prevention and control level of disasters encountered during underground coal mining. The discussion topics include, but are not limited to, the basic experiments, modeling, numerical simulation, and field tests of aforementioned disasters
    Note: English
    DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-0365-9431-6
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  • 8
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    Native gold as a specific indicator mineral for gold deposits (2023)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | The Hague : OAPEN FOUNDATION
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036593807
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (vii, 401 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    Series Statement: Minerals
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning ; geological-industrial types ; ore formations ; typomorphic features of native gold ; gold deposits in the north-east of Russia ; clinopyroxenites ; palladium gold ; platinum group minerals ; chlorite geothermometer ; sulfur isotopic composition ; placers ; gold ; Chile ; gold microchemistry ; gold morphometry ; gold provenance ; Jagpura Au-Cu deposit ; Aravalli Craton ; high fineness gold ; hydrothermal magnetite ; fluid inclusions ; IOCG-IOA type: IOCG-Co (reduced) subtype mineralization ; placer gold ; internal structures ; stages of ore formation ; endogenous and exogenous conditions ; coarse-grained structure ; high-grade shell ; recrystallization ; granulation ; deformation structures ; porpezite ; alkaline-ultrabasic rocks ; Anabar shield ; Siberian Platform ; alluvial gold ; indicator mineral ; compositional studies ; disseminated Au-sulfide mineralization ; orogenic gold deposits ; Yana–Kolyma metallogenic belt ; sulfide microtextures and mineralogy ; stable sulfur isotopes ; mineral chemistry ; source of gold ; typomorphic features ; fineness ; internal structure ; Anabar placer area ; hydrothermal-metasomatic formations ; K-feldspathization ; jasperoids ; ore mineralization ; fault zone ; ore gold ; sulfides ; gold mineralization ; metasomatites ; bismuth ; tellurides ; uytenbogaardtite ; bismoclite ; cervelleite ; native gold ; supergene gold ; the Spokoininsky cluster ; the Aldan-Stanovoy gold province ; the Aldan shield ; Pd,Hg-rich low-fineness gold ; Au-containing potarite ; substitution structure ; Itchaivayam mafic–ultramafic complex (Kamchatka, Russia) ; placer ; typomorphysm ; linear weathered crust ; Sukhoi Log deposit ; gold–sulfide–quartz (gold–arsenic) and gold–sulfide formations ; Polar Urals ; Manitanyrd ridge ; ore occurrences ; ore mineralogy ; sulfur isotopes ; palladian gold ; Pd,Cu,Ag,Hg-bearing gold ; Au-Pd ; Au-Pd-Ag ; Au-Pd-Cu ; Au-Pd-Hg ; Au-Pd-Ag-Cu ; Au-Pd-Ag-Hg ; Au-Pd-Ag-Cu-Hg systems ; minerals in association ; PGE and gold deposits ; T,P,X-conditions of ore formation ; Au-Pd mineralization types ; detrital gold ; gold alloy composition ; mineral inclusions ; indicator minerals ; gold deposit types ; British Columbia ; brannerite ; uranium mineralization ; Ozerninsky ore cluster ; Western Transbaikalia ; n/a ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Golderz ; Mineralisation ; Mineralogie ; Lagerstättenkunde ; Metallogenese ; Erzbildung ; Goldlagerstätte ; Vorkommen ; Geochemische Prospektion ; Seifen-Gold ; Geochemie ; Indikator ; Ferner Osten ; Russland ; Sibirien ; British Columbia ; Chile ; Gold ; Schottland ; Gold
    Abstract: This Special Issue reprint includes one review and fifteen research articles. The review by Palyanova et al. (2023) summarized the available information on the palladian gold and proposed classifying the types of deposits based on the fineness, content, and set of impurities in palladian gold and minerals intergrown with it. Fifteen articles focused on the typomorphic features of native gold from gold deposits in Russia, India, Chile, Scotland, and Canada. This Special Issue aims to identify and generalize the reasons for variations in the compositions of native gold. I hope all the articles in this Special Issue will be helpful and valuable resources for anyone who is interested in native gold and gold deposits. I thank the Authors and Reviewers for their efforts and contributions. I am also grateful to the Editor-in-Chief, Editors and Assistant Editors of Minerals for their help.
    Note: English
    DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-0365-9380-7
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  • 9
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    Sustainable production of metals for low-carbon technologies (2023)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | The Hague : OAPEN FOUNDATION
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036597164
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (vii, 167 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    Series Statement: Minerals
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; Mining technology & engineering ; flotation circuit ; gold ore ; diagnosis ; optimization ; mass balance ; process simulation ; printed circuit boards ; heat treatment ; strength ; liberation ; Cu recovery ; physical separation ; ferronickel slag ; sulfuric acid leaching ; light magnesium oxide ; rare earth elements ; magnetic separation ; upgradation ; Khalzan Buregtei deposit ; NiMH batteries ; rare earth metals ; leaching ; solvent extraction ; precipitation ; gold ; cementation ; galvanic interaction ; aluminum ; activated carbon ; kinetics ; ammonium thiosulfate solution ; mass transfer ; fluorine ; occurrence ; removal ; gravity-flotation separation ; lignite ; lead ; zinc ; Al metal powder ; zinc plant leach residues ; flotation ; copper sulfides ; tailings ; carrier flotation ; flocculation ; oil agglomeration ; complex sulfide ores ; sphalerite ; anglesite ; extraction ; lithium ion battery ; recycling ; carbothermic reduction ; graphite ; porphyry copper deposits ; chalcopyrite ; pyrite ; n/a
    Abstract: A high demand for metals (cobalt, copper, gold, lithium, nickel, tin, vanadium, etc.) has been recorded for the past several decades, and this demand is expected to increase even further in the coming decades as the world moves to low-carbon technologies based on renewable energy sources (RESs) and electric vehicles (EVs) and away from the heavy use of fossil fuels. To meet the high forecasted demand, unconventional sources of metals such as low-grade complex ores, seafloor massive sulfides (SMSs), and wastes (e.g., tailings, metallurgical residues, and electronic wastes (e-wastes)) have become very important sources of metals; moreover, these metals should be extracted in a sustainable manner without negatively impacting the environment. This Special Issue focused on recent advances in the sustainable production of metals from the above-mentioned unconventional sources.This reprint is a compilation of a Special Issue of Minerals, "Sustainable Production of Metals for Low-Carbon Technologies", where 13 papers contributed by experts in the area were published. Papers published in this Reprint cover a wide range of topics, including mineral processing (gravity concentration, magnetic separation, and flotation), hydrometallurgical techniques (leaching, solvent extraction, and cementation) to extract minerals/metals from primary and secondary resources. All the papers are of high scientific value and will be of great interest to readers of Minerals.
    DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-0365-9716-4
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  • 10
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    Recent advances in geological oceanography (2023)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036563008
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 429 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    Keywords: Technology: general issues ; History of engineering & technology ; Environmental science, engineering & technology
    Abstract: This reprint contains twenty-one scientific papers related to the determination of the nature, timing, and magnitude of natural hydroclimate variability and related sedimentary–diagenetic processes during geological eras past and present. Such an approach will be essential for addressing the challenges posed by climate change in coastal and deep marine sedimentary archives, for establishing the hydrological regime through the determination of environmental parameters and examining the subsequent response of the marine biota through time. Furthermore, this reprint is a significant contribution to the study of reservoir quality characteristics and the subsequent potentiality of several marine resources (ores, hydrocarbons, and geoheritage)
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    DOI: 10.3390/books978-3-0365-6300-8
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  • 11
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    Genetics of Alzheimer’s Disease (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036529325 , 9783036529332
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Neurosciences
    Abstract: This special issue on the genetics of Alzheimer's disease was edited by Drs. Laura Ibanez and Justin Miller in 2021. It contains 10 original articles and reviews that help readers understand specific genetic contributions to Alzheimer's disease and how genetics will play a role in future Alzheimer's disease research
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  • 12
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    Remote Sensing of Regional Soil Moisture (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036529578 , 9783036529561
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (426 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Requests for regional soil moisture observations are increasing to parameterize complex hydrological models, to assess the impact of land-use changes, and to develop climate adaption strategies in the agricultural sector. Spatial land-use patterns have an impact on the soil water balance and groundwater recharge. Soil moisture is therefore a key parameter for the long-term monitoring and development of sustainable land-management and landscape design strategies that mitigate regional water scarcity and droughts. For example, the spatial organization of hedges or tree rows related to open land and wind direction avoids soil erosion, limits local evaporation, and increases local soil water storage. Since the early 1980s, satellite missions have been designed to monitor proxies for soil moisture, mainly at the national and global scale, with a relatively coarse pixel resolution and low accuracy. The local effects of weather and climate are very dynamic in space and time. Thus, a strong need exists for more accurate, regional-scale remote sensing products for soil moisture. The transfer of existing, proof-of-concept algorithms to region-specific monitoring frameworks is urgent. This Special Issue provides an overview of current developments on remote sensing-based soil moisture observations that are applicable at a regional scale. The compendium of research papers demonstrates the benefits of concurrently utilizing multi-source remote sensing data and in situ measurements through: - Using additional data and site-specific knowledge; - Combining empirical and physical approaches; - Developing concepts to deal with mixed pixels
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  • 13
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    Mathematical Modeling of Biological Systems : Geometry, Symmetry and Conservation Laws (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036527659 , 9783036527642
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries
    Abstract: Mathematical modeling is a powerful approach supporting the investigation of open problems in natural sciences, in particular physics, biology and medicine. Applied mathematics allows to translate the available information about real-world phenomena into mathematical objects and concepts. Mathematical models are useful descriptive tools that allow to gather the salient aspects of complex biological systems along with their fundamental governing laws, by elucidating the system behavior in time and space, also evidencing symmetry, or symmetry breaking, in geometry and morphology. Additionally, mathematical models are useful predictive tools able to reliably forecast the future system evolution or its response to specific inputs. More importantly, concerning biomedical systems, such models can even become prescriptive tools, allowing effective, sometimes optimal, intervention strategies for the treatment and control of pathological states to be planned. The application of mathematical physics, nonlinear analysis, systems and control theory to the study of biological and medical systems results in the formulation of new challenging problems for the scientific community. This Special Issue includes innovative contributions of experienced researchers in the field of mathematical modelling applied to biology and medicine
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  • 14
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    Image and Video Forensics (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036528076 , 9783036528069
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (424 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries
    Abstract: Nowadays, images and videos have become the main modalities of information being exchanged in everyday life, and their pervasiveness has led the image forensics community to question their reliability, integrity, confidentiality, and security. Multimedia contents are generated in many different ways through the use of consumer electronics and high-quality digital imaging devices, such as smartphones, digital cameras, tablets, and wearable and IoT devices. The ever-increasing convenience of image acquisition has facilitated instant distribution and sharing of digital images on digital social platforms, determining a great amount of exchange data. Moreover, the pervasiveness of powerful image editing tools has allowed the manipulation of digital images for malicious or criminal ends, up to the creation of synthesized images and videos with the use of deep learning techniques. In response to these threats, the multimedia forensics community has produced major research efforts regarding the identification of the source and the detection of manipulation. In all cases (e.g., forensic investigations, fake news debunking, information warfare, and cyberattacks) where images and videos serve as critical evidence, forensic technologies that help to determine the origin, authenticity, and integrity of multimedia content can become essential tools. This book aims to collect a diverse and complementary set of articles that demonstrate new developments and applications in image and video forensics to tackle new and serious challenges to ensure media authenticity
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  • 15
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    COVID-19 : Impact on Public Health and Healthcare (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036528458 , 9783036528441
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (133 p.)
    Keywords: Humanities ; Social interaction
    Abstract: This compendium describes the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on all aspects of people lives. Data presented in this collection will be useful to understand the disruption in healthcare, learning, and socio-economic aspects amidst the pandemic. The sooner we begin to understand the impact, the better placed we will be to address the unmet needs of vulnerable population groups
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  • 16
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    Natural Medicine in Therapy (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036529158 , 9783036529141
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (350 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Enter For a long time, natural medicine has been used as a therapeutic therapy based on generations of indigenous practices. Today the rise in natural remedies has been largely driven by public demand and billions of dollars are spent annually on herbal medicines. It is therefore important to document the effectiveness of natural medicine, its potential side effects, and potential interactions
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  • 17
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    Obtaining and Characterization of New Materials (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036530932 , 9783036530925
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (270 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: At present, more and more procedures and technologies used to discover and characterize new materials are available, including advanced characterization techniques.This Special Issue covers a wide range of topics about obtaining and characterizing new materials, from the nano to macro scales, including for new alloys, ceramics, composites, biomaterials, and polymers and the procedures and technologies used to enhance their structure, properties, and functions. To select new materials for future use, we must first understand their structure and their characteristics using modern techniques such as microscopy (SEM, TEM, AFM, STM, etc.), spectroscopy (EDX, XRD, XRF, FTIR, XPS, etc.), and mechanical tests (tensile, hardness, elastic modulus, toughness, etc.) and their behaviors (in vitro and in vivo; corrosion; and thermal—DSC, STA, DMA, magnetic properties, and biocompatibility), among many others
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  • 18
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    Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability-Volume 2 (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036526713 , 9783036526706
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (296 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Our world is facing many challenges, such as poverty, hunger, resource shortage, environmental degradation, climate change, and increased inequalities and conflicts. To address such challenges, the United Nations proposed the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), consisting of 17 interlinked global goals, as the strategic blueprint of world sustainable development. Nevertheless, the implementation of the SDG framework has been very challenging and the COVID-19 pandemic has further impeded the SDG implementation progress. Accelerated efforts are needed to enable all stakeholders, ranging from national and local governments, civil society, private sector, academia and youth, to contribute to addressing this dilemma. This volume of the Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability book series aims to offer inspiration and creativity on approaches to sustainable development. Among other things, it covers topics of COVID-19 and sustainability, environmental pollution, food production, clean energy, low-carbon transport promotion, and strategic governance for sustainable initiatives. This book can reveal facts about the challenges we are facing on the one hand and provide a better understanding of drivers, barriers, and motivations to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all on the other. Research presented in this volume can provide different stakeholders, including planners and policy makers, with better solutions for the implementation of SDGs. Prof. Bao-Jie He acknowledges the Project NO. 2021CDJQY-004 supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. We appreciate the assistance from Mr. Lifeng Xiong, Mr. Wei Wang, Ms. Xueke Chen and Ms. Anxian Chen at School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, China
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  • 19
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    Smart Fertilizers and Innovative Organic Amendments for Sustainable Agricultural Systems (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036527635 , 9783036527628
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Food & society
    Abstract: Sustainable agricultural practices are needed to provide food security for a growing global population. Food production is usually associated with high nutrient inputs in the form of mineral fertilizers. Since the beginning of agriculture, such practices have led to soil degradation and the release of environmental contaminants. In this Special Issue, we will focus on innovations in organic and inorganic fertilizer production. We welcome studies concerning new approaches for smart fertilizer development, including bioformulations with mineral particles, nanomaterials, and plant growth promoting microorganisms. We especially encourage authors taking advantage of ecological interactions to improve plant nutrient-use efficiency. Moreover, we would like to include contributions that focus on organic amendments to increase or propitiate the terrestrial C sequestration and stabilization, in order to contribute to mitigating climate change at the same time increasing food security by soil fertility, thus making win–win–win scenarios. Such techniques may concern, but are not limited to, innovative organic waste recycling procedures and new applications of mycorrhizae, rhizobioms, or free living soil bacteria and fungi
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  • 20
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    Monoclonal Antibody-Directed Therapy (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036528724 , 9783036528731
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (142 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Pharmaceutical industries
    Abstract: The book deals with therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) broadly, and relevant topics such as challenges and opportunities, next-generation antibody products, Antibody-Drug-Conjugates (ADC), bispecifics, glycosylation, and T-cell engagers are covered. Each topic has been written by leading groups around the world and the book should be of interest to researchers from both academia and industry
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  • 21
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    Application of SERS for Nanomaterials (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036527932 , 9783036527925
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This Special Issue of “Applications of SERS” for Nanomaterials is a collection of articles which is representative of much of the current research being undertaken in the field of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. SERS is a fascinating, multidisciplinary field of scientific study which combines elements from chemistry, physics, material science, and engineering. Essentially, SERS is a molecular spectroscopy technique by which a measurable Raman signal for molecules on metal and semiconductor surfaces is generated through the interaction of laser light, absorbed molecules, and structured nanomaterial surfaces. This Special Issue contains an article regarding the fabrication of metal nanostructured Ag-Cu chips for SERS chemical analysis and ] the electromagnetic properties of Ag, Au, and Al nano-tips for use in the SERS imaging technique for tip-enhanced Raman Scattering (TERS). In another article, SERS spectra were simulated using density Functional Theory (DFT/TD-DFT) for the N3 dye molecule on a TiO2 nanocluster, which can be compared to experimental SERS spectra found in studies of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs). In two other articles, the SERS photoinduced charge-transfer mechanism was studied experimentally in wide-bandgap semiconductors regarding molecules on ZrO2 and a composite system with molecules that linked Au nanorods and a CuO2 shell. An example of the use of SERS in solid-state physics is shown in an article which examined the effect of oxygen vacancy defects in MO3 on the SERS mechanism. Finally, this Special Issue contains two noteworthy examples of SERS applications for biochemical and chemical analysis. One paper addresses the detection of the COVID-19 coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 using SERS, and the other examines a SERS assay of the notorious herbicide glyphosate. In these papers, nanomaterials all served as the enhancing substrate, while some acted as the physical–chemical system which was being investigated
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  • 22
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    COVID-2019 Impacts on Education Systems and Future of Higher Education (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036529264 , 9783036529271
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (550 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The rapid outbreak of the COVID-19 has presented unprecedented challenges on education systems. Closing schools and universities and cancelling face-to-face activities have become a COVID-19 inevitable reality in most parts of the world. To be business-as-usual, many higher education providers have taken steps toward digital transformation, and implementing a range of remote teaching, learning and assessment approaches. This book provides timely research on COVID-19 impacts on education systems and seeks to bring together scholars, educators, policymakers and practitioners to collectively and critically identify, investigate and share best practices that lead to rethinking and reframing the way we deliver education in future
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  • 23
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    Structure, Properties and Applications of Polymeric Foams (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036528328 , 9783036528335
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Foaming of polymeric materials enables weight reduction, which is very important from the economic point of view, but most of all, it should be considered as an excellent means to provide new properties to various polymeric materials. Permanent developments in foaming technologies allow manufacturing of foams with micro- and even nano-sized pores, expanding the already very wide range of their applications. Except for the most conventional applications, which include damping materials, thermal and acoustic insulation, packaging materials or absorbents, applications in catalysis, fuel cells, tissue engineering, and electromagnetic shielding, often associated with nanocellular structures, have become more and more popular.Moreover, having in mind the ongoing trends and law regulations, it is important to remember the environmental impact of polymeric foams. Recent technological developments often involve biodegradability of foams, application of environmentally friendly raw materials, and innovative recycling methods.Because of the richness of potential innovations and future developments, the Editors are pleased to present the Structure, Properties and Applications of Polymeric Foams book, a collection of papers from Materials Special Issue dealing with the structure, performance, and applications of polymeric foams
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    Arteriogenesis and Therapeutic Angiogenesis (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036527178 , 9783036527161
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (230 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Although advances in therapeutic interventions improved outcomes, vascular occlusive diseases are still challenging not only afflicted but also attending physicians, requiring novel therapeutic strategies. Arteriogenesis, sometimes also called therapeutic angiogenesis, refers to the body’s own capacity to create a natural bypass around a narrowing or occluded arterial vessel. This book gives an insight into current knowledge and advances in vascular sciences and future prospects of therapeutic options. The utility and relevance of circulating biomarkers together with the potential of machine learning methods are discussed as well as the challenges and prospects of novel therapies such as protein- gene-, and stem cell therapy along with multicistronic multigene vectors and the use of microRNAs, exosomes, and secretomes. Vascular smooth muscle phenotype switch as a target to promote arteriogenesis is critically addressed, highlighting the problem of promoting atherosclerosis in parallel. Two articles even deal with cold-inducible RNA-binding protein CIRP/CIRPB presenting it as promising target to promote vascularization concomitant the reduction in ischemic tissue damage. BMPR kinase inhibition is introduced to improve tissue repair in a hereditary form of vascular disorder, and the role of the AP-1 transcription factor JunB in blood vessel formation is described. Some more experimental oriented articles deal with the relevance of choosing the appropriate mouse strain for investigations as well as in vitro Matrigel plug assay as a potent method to investigate angiogenesis. Last but not least, two-photon intravital microscopy is presented as suitable tool to assess plaque angiogenesis in atherosclerotic lesions
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  • 25
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    Data Hiding and Its Applications : Digital Watermarking and Steganography (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036529370 , 9783036529363
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (234 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries
    Abstract: Data hiding techniques have been widely used to provide copyright protection, data integrity, covert communication, non-repudiation, and authentication, among other applications. In the context of the increased dissemination and distribution of multimedia content over the internet, data hiding methods, such as digital watermarking and steganography, are becoming increasingly relevant in providing multimedia security. The goal of this book is to focus on the improvement of data hiding algorithms and their different applications (both traditional and emerging), bringing together researchers and practitioners from different research fields, including data hiding, signal processing, cryptography, and information theory, among others
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    Novel and Emerging Strategies for Sustainable Mine Tailings and Acid Mine Drainage Management (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036527468 , 9783036527475
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (332 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Renewable energy and clean storage technologies are at the forefront of the world’s fight against climate change, including the UN-led move towards a carbon-neutral society. Because these complex technologies require more ‘critical’ metals and elements than fossil fuel-based technologies, the demands for raw materials in their manufacturing are skyrocketing and are projected to continue to increase into the foreseeable future.With ore grades on a steep decline, huge amounts of low-grade ores will have to be mined and processed to satisfy the world’s current and future demands for ‘critical’ metals and elements. Expansion of mining and mineral processing operations would mean more mining-related wastes—tailings, waste rocks and acid mine drainage (AMD)—notorious for their devastating and long-term destructive impacts on the environment. This Special Issue explored repurposing/reprocessing of tailings and AMD treatment cost reduction as promising alternatives to manage mine wastes more sustainably. It also includes articles on the critical roles of redox conditions and galvanic interactions on mine waste stability, hydrogeochemical controls on waste rock weathering, and climate change impacts on AMD formation in closed mines
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    Circular Economy and Efficient Use of Resources (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036529950 , 9783036529943
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (126 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Previous and current resource use models have led to high levels of pollution, environmental degradation, and depletion of natural resources. The waste policy has a long history and has traditionally focused on more environmentally sustainable waste management. To be efficient in terms of resource use, the principles of the circular economy should change this trend, transforming the economy into a sustainable economy. The new waste regulations introduce new waste management objectives in terms of waste prevention, reuse, recycling, and storage by addressing new processes
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    Advanced Magnetic Nanocomposites : Structural, Physical Properties and Application (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036531427 , 9783036531434
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book is a collection of research articles and review articles, which was published in the Special Issue "Advanced Magnetic Nanocomposites: Structural, Physical Properties and Application". This book ‘‘Advanced Magnetic Nanocomposites: Structural, Physical Properties and Application’’ discussed recent development on advanced magnetic nanoparticles and nanocomposites with detailed explanation of structural and physical characteristics, and further possible potential application
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  • 29
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    The Effects of Mycotoxins on Human and Animal Health—a Special Focus on the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Mycotoxin Toxicity (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036530291 , 9783036530284
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Abstract: This Special Issue gathers original studies (eight articles and one review) that aim to improve our knowledge concerning mycotoxin toxicity. The most recent research concerning the impact of zearalenone (ZEA) and the immune response is presented in a review that aims to explore the immunotoxicity produced by ZEA on different types of immune cells (phagocytes related to innate immunity and lymphocytes related to acquired immunity) as well as on immune organs, and also to identify the mechanism of action used by ZEA to modulate the immune response. The role of zearalenone in macrophage-mediated innate immunity after bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation was the subject of another study, suggesting that the intake of ZEA-contaminated food might result in decreasing innate immunity. Another important study related to the co-exposure to mycotoxins and other food/feed contaminants showed that combining patulin with cadmium induces enhanced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo, while the exposure to both deoxynivalenol and porcine circovirus has an additive effect on inflammatory cytokines by inducing the mRNA expression of interleukine-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukine-6 (IL-6). The use of feed compounds rich in bioactive constituents for mitigating the mycotoxins effects in swine was the subject of other three studies herein, which have shown the efficacy of antioxidants from dietary grapeseed and sea buckthorn meal waste to decrease the toxicity of a diet contaminated with aflatoxin B1 or both aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A at the level of organs involved in the metabolism and excretion (liver and kidney), as well as at the level of secondary lymphoid organs (mesenteric lymph nodes). The use of different models (cell co-culture model, rat model) are recommended by another two studies in order to evaluate the ochratoxin A toxicity or for better prediction of the mycotoxins risk for human cancer
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    Special Issue in Honor of Professor James D. McChesney on the Occasion of his 80th Birthday (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036527130 , 9783036527123
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (262 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Plants have been the sources of important pharmaceuticals, flavoring agents, and agrochemicals. The antimalarial drugs artemisinin and quinine; the anticancer drugs taxol, etoposide, and vinca alkaloids; the sugar-free sweetening agents stevioside and rebaudiosides; and antifeedant azadiractin are good examples of important plant-based drugs, food additives, and agrochemicals currently on the market. Despite these and many other successes, there are significant challenges to discovering and developing commercially important natural products from plants, such as procuring plant materials in large quantities, separating active constituents from complex mixtures, and undesirable qualities, such as low solubility or poor chemical or metabolic stability of active constituents. Dr. James D. McChesney has contributed immensely to overcoming the inherent challenges associated with discovering and developing products modeled from plant-based natural product leads. His research on artemisinin, taxol, galanthamine, podophyllotoxin, and stevia sweet glycosides exemplifies the magnitude of these contributions. His extensive work on the structural modification of taxol led to the discovery and development of the anticancer agent TPI 287, a third-generation taxane analog that is currently undergoing clinical trials. Dr. McChesney has had a long, distinguished teaching and research career, has authored more than 225 research publications, and holds more than 60 patents. He is a past president and Fellow of the American Society of Pharmacognosy and a Fellow of the AAAS. He has mentored many graduate students, post-docs, and junior faculty members who hold prominent positions in natural products research establishments in the US and worldwide. We wish to dedicate this Special Issue Book Version to celebrate the eightieth birthday of Dr. McChesney, a prolific thinker with abundant inventiveness in the field of natural product chemistry and pharmacognosy
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    Mathematical Modelling and Machine Learning Methods for Bioinformatics and Data Science Applications (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036528410 , 9783036528403
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (102 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: Mathematical modeling is routinely used in physical and engineering sciences to help understand complex systems and optimize industrial processes. Mathematical modeling differs from Artificial Intelligence because it does not exclusively use the collected data to describe an industrial phenomenon or process, but it is based on fundamental laws of physics or engineering that lead to systems of equations able to represent all the variables that characterize the process. Conversely, Machine Learning methods require a large amount of data to find solutions, remaining detached from the problem that generated them and trying to infer the behavior of the object, material or process to be examined from observed samples. Mathematics allows us to formulate complex models with effectiveness and creativity, describing nature and physics. Together with the potential of Artificial Intelligence and data collection techniques, a new way of dealing with practical problems is possible. The insertion of the equations deriving from the physical world in the data-driven models can in fact greatly enrich the information content of the sampled data, allowing to simulate very complex phenomena, with drastically reduced calculation times. Combined approaches will constitute a breakthrough in cutting-edge applications, providing precise and reliable tools for the prediction of phenomena in biological macro/microsystems, for biotechnological applications and for medical diagnostics, particularly in the field of precision medicine
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    Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036529929 , 9783036529936
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (98 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Diseases & disorders
    Abstract: Chronic liver diseases develop from a wide range of causes, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, alcoholic-related liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and autoimmune liver diseases. Recent advances in molecular and cellular techniques have succeeded in providing new aspects in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic liver diseases. This book includes the state-of-the-art researches on chronic liver diseases
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    Insects : Functional Morphology, Biomechanics and Biomimetics (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036528922 , 9783036528939
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (167 p.)
    Keywords: Mathematics & science ; Biology, life sciences ; Zoology & animal sciences
    Abstract: In this thematic series, engineers and scientists come together to address two interesting interdisciplinary questions in functional morphology and biomechanics: How do the structure and material determine the function of insect body parts? How can insects inspire engineering innovations?
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    ZEMCH International Research 2020 (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036528519 , 9783036528502
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (244 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Globally, record weather temperatures and changing climatic patterns, attributed partly to energy use and related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, indicate that the issue of global warming cannot be marginalized. In most countries buildings account for a significant share of the total final energy consumed and are responsible for associated CO2 emissions. In response to market needs and demands for social, economic, and environmental sustainability of housing in developed and developing countries, the Zero-Energy Mass Custom Home (ZEMCH), integrating lean design and sustainable construction concepts, was envisaged and discussed internationally. To deliver a marketable and reliable near-zero-energy/emission-conscious mass custom home, various key design, technological, production and marketing, and delivery and operational parameters need to be optimized harmoniously. This book compiles recent research articles of ZEMCH International Research 2020. A wide range of ZEMCH topics, including building envelope evaluations, occupant choice and experience, indoor environmental quality, automated control systems, mass customization, and integration of renewable energy, on both building and urban scales are covered. It aims to address current questions as well as present challenges and opportunities for continuous development of built environments for users with diverse socio-economic backgrounds and cultural differences in developed and developing countries
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    Advanced Technologies for the Optimization of Internal Combustion Engines (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036525693 , 9783036525686
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This Special Issue puts together recent findings in advanced technologies for the optimization of internal combustion engines in order to help the scientific community address the efforts towards the development of higher-power engines with lower fuel consumption and pollutant emissions
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    Current Advances and Challenges in Ocean Science—Feature Papers for the Founding of Oceans (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036530611 , 9783036530604
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (334 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This Special Issue is designed to celebrate the founding of the open-access journal Oceans and is focused on presenting new ideas and advances at the cutting edge of ocean science. The scope of this Special Issue includes, but is not limited to: ocean geosciences, physics, biogeochemistry, and ecology; ocean ecosystem services and sustainable ocean resource use; and ocean operations and engineering. The fifteen articles published in this Special Issue focus on diverse areas of oceanography, including ocean ecology and biology, ocean geosciences, ocean climate and meteorology, ocean circulation, ocean chemistry and biogeochemistry, ocean resources (e.g., fisheries, aquaculture, and mining), ocean engineering, ocean modeling and ocean governance
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    Multiple Sclerosis : Diagnosis and Treatment (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036530970 , 9783036530963
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) offers important challenges to understanding its complex genetics and molecular and immunological mechanisms, which eventually lead to relapsing and progressive clinical forms and a constellation of clinical manifestations. Along with the progress in knowledge, disease-modifying treatments and new therapeutic molecules have made an impact on the prognosis of the disease. Essential in the diagnostic identification process of MS is the differentiation of this major demyelinating disease with other inflammatory CNS disorders, including Neuromyelitis Optica and MOG antibody disease. MS is more prevalent in women; therefore, pregnancy and post-partum hormonal and immunological changes typically affect the clinical behavior of the disease. This Special Issue of Biomedicines addresses recent advances in the mechanistic genetic and immunological processes of MS, opening more options to future studies and to the consideration of further therapeutic possibilities. The issue discusses the application of modern therapies, including monoclonal antibodies, some still in the process of complete development, and the current strategies managing progressive MS. The aim of this issue is to stimulate basic and clinical research and promote observations on the ever-expanding and complex field of MS. Advancement in the understanding of the mechanisms and the clinical characterizations of this disease should result in improved therapeutic outcomes that reduce neurological and cognitive disability commonly associated with progressive disease
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    Differential Equation Models in Applied Mathematics : Theoretical and Numerical Challenges (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036530116 , 9783036530109
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: The present book contains the articles published in the Special Issue “Differential Equation Models in Applied Mathematics: Theoretical and Numerical Challenges” of the MDPI journal Mathematics. The Special Issue aimed to highlight old and new challenges in the formulation, solution, understanding, and interpretation of models of differential equations (DEs) in different real world applications. The technical topics covered in the seven articles published in this book include: asymptotic properties of high order nonlinear DEs, analysis of backward bifurcation, and stability analysis of fractional-order differential systems. Models oriented to real applications consider the chemotactic between cell species, the mechanism of on-off intermittency in food chain models, and the occurrence of hysteresis in marketing. Numerical aspects deal with the preservation of mass and positivity and the efficient solution of Boundary Value Problems (BVPs) for optimal control problems. I hope that this collection will be useful for those working in the area of modelling real-word applications through differential equations and those who care about an accurate numerical approximation of their solutions. The reading is also addressed to those willing to become familiar with differential equations which, due to their predictive abilities, represent the main mathematical tool for applying scenario analysis to our changing world
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    Advances in Sustainable River Management : Reconciling Conflicting Interests under Climate Extremes (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036528960 , 9783036528977
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (208 p.)
    Keywords: Technology, engineering, agriculture ; Environmental science, engineering & technology
    Abstract: The main objective of this Special Issue is to contribute in understanding and provide science-based knowledge, new ideas/approaches and solutions in sustainable river management, to improve water management policies and practices following different environmental requirements aspects
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    Multiple-Criteria Decision Making (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036528168 , 9783036528175
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (312 p.)
    Keywords: Information technology industries
    Abstract: Decision-making on real-world problems, including individual process decisions, requires an appropriate and reliable decision support system. Fuzzy set theory, rough set theory, and neutrosophic set theory, which are MCDM techniques, are useful for modeling complex decision-making problems with imprecise, ambiguous, or vague data.This Special Issue, “Multiple Criteria Decision Making”, aims to incorporate recent developments in the area of the multi-criteria decision-making field. Topics include, but are not limited to:- MCDM optimization in engineering;- Environmental sustainability in engineering processes;- Multi-criteria production and logistics process planning;- New trends in multi-criteria evaluation of sustainable processes;- Multi-criteria decision making in strategic management based on sustainable criteria
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    Microalgae Cultures : Environmental Tool and Bioenergy Source (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036529097 , 9783036529080
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Microalgae have been intensively studied for CO2 capture, nutrient removal from wastewater, and biofuels production. These photosynthetic microorganisms use solar energy with efficiency ten times greater than terrestrial plants and are responsible for about 50% of the world’s oxygen production. Therefore, microalgae have been considered a sustainable solution for CO2 capture. Besides carbon, their growth also requires other macronutrients: nitrogen and phosphorus. To avoid the addition of fertilizers (increasing the production costs), these nutrients can be supplied if wastewater is used as the culture medium. The integration of biomass production with wastewater treatment enables a reduction in operational costs and the environmental impact. Microalgae are also known for their high lipid contents and high growth rates and are a promising oil source for biodiesel production. This Special Issue Book presents the recent research activities concerning the environmental applications of microalgae and their potential for biofuels production, focusing on the main challenges for their large-scale application. Since microalgal culturing can address different environmental and non-environmental issues, the achievements from the integration of multiple microalgal applications are also considered in this Special Issue Book
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    O-GlcNAcylation and Cancer (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036530826 , 9783036530833
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This book gathers reviews and articles on the role of O-GlcNAcylation in cancer underlying the pharmacological targeting of the O-GlcNAcylation enzymes OGT and OGA as a promising anticancer strategy. Particular attention is paid to the involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in the regulation of transcription and as a link between nutrition and epigenetic dynamics or cellular energy metabolism. The role of O-GlcNAcylation in metastasis, immune responses, and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is also discussed
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    Optimization and Energy Maximizing Control Systems for Wave Energy Converters (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036528250 , 9783036528243
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (266 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: The book, “Optimization and Energy Maximizing Control Systems for Wave Energy Converters”, presents eleven contributions on the latest scientific advancements of 2020-2021 in wave energy technology optimization and control, including holistic techno-economic optimization, inclusion of nonlinear effects, and real-time implementations of estimation and control algorithms
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    Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Advanced Alloys (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036530451 , 9783036530444
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (396 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: In many industrial applications, metallic materials are exposed to harsh operating conditions. Due to a combination of chemical and thermal stresses, the constructional and functional materials are degraded, and their utility properties are lost. These undesirable events are of a physicochemical nature and are commonly known as ‘corrosion’. In this Special Issue Book, 3 reviews and 18 original research papers focused on the complex relationships between the microstructure, phase constitution, and corrosion behavior of metallic materials are collected. Both high temperature and low temperature corrosion studies are included as they investigate the physicochemical processes at the material interfaces. Furthermore, possibilities for increasing the corrosion resistance of metallic materials are studied by means of surface modification and application of protective layers. This Special Issue Book, Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Advanced Alloys, displays the diversity and complexity of modern corrosion research. It is hoped that it will become a valuable source of reference for corrosion scientists
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    Gynaecological Cancers Risk : Breast Cancer, Ovarian Cancer and Endometrial Cancer (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036529837 , 9783036529820
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (338 p.)
    Keywords: Public health & preventive medicine
    Abstract: The International Agency for Research on Cancer suggests that the burden of women’s cancers including breast, ovarian, and womb will rise by 50% over the next 20 years. It is essential for us to improve early diagnosis and prevention of these cancers in our health systems. The last decade has seen significant strides in our ability to understand and predict a woman’s risk of these cancers and offer personalized medicine approaches for risk management. There have been improvements in identifying individuals at increased risk, as well as implementing and evaluating strategies for screening and prevention. In this special collection, we bring together 16 articles from leading scientists and researchers. These capture some of the important advances observed in estimating cancer risk, providing genetic testing, offering risk management to those at increased risk, as well as screening and prevention of breast, ovarian, and womb cancers in women. This makes an important contribution to the rapidly advancing knowledge base across the area of personalized medicine and precision prevention of ovarian, endometrial, and breast cancers
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    Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies and Antibody Products, Their Optimization and Drug Design in Cancers (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036526867 , 9783036526874
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (298 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Pharmaceutical industries
    Abstract: The book broadly deals with therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and various relevant topics, including different antibody formats such as Antibody–Drug Conjugates (ADC), bispecifics, nanoparticle-based mAbs and HER2+ cancers, immune checkpoint inhibitors and other closely related topics. Each paper was written by leading active research groups in their fields both from academia and industry. The book should be of interest to those scientists and researchers who develop or use biologics, biotherapeutics, biosimilars and biobetters in cancer treatment
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    Preserving Community Interests in Ocean Governance towards Sustainability (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036528304 , 9783036528311
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (294 p.)
    Keywords: The arts
    Abstract: This Special Issue is designed to discuss and examine relevant legal issues concerning ocean governance in the context of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for the long-lasting benefits of the international community. It will cover, inter alia, the safety of navigation and maritime security, the sustainable use of marine resources (living and non-living), marine environmental protection, climate change, and marine scientific research
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    Plasma-Catalysis for Environmental and Energy-Related Applications (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036527826 , 9783036527833
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (94 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Plasma catalysis has been a topic of research for many years due to its potential for applications in a wide range of chemical, environmental, and energy-related processes. Non-thermal plasma offers an unconventional way to initiate chemical reactions in gas and in liquid due to the energetic electrons generated in the plasma; however, it suffers from low selectivity. The coupling of plasma with catalysis can steer the reactions in the desired direction, thus ensuring improved selectivity towards the target products and reducing unwanted ones. Environmental applications of plasma catalysis have been focused on the removal of various air and water pollutants, while energy applications include hydrogen, syngas and ammonia production.This Special Issue demonstrates plasma catalysis as a solution to environmental problems caused by the greenhouses gases CO2 and CH4, which can be converted to value-added products and fuels, air pollution with stable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds, and water pollution with pharmaceutical products
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    Belt & Road Initiative in Times of ‘Synchronized Downturn’ : Issues, Challenges, Opportunities (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036530420 , 9783036530437
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Keywords: Development economics & emerging economies
    Abstract: Nearly ten years since the official launch of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), an understanding of what the initiative’s objectives are consolidated. However, the short-, mid-, and long-term implications of the initiative are less clear. This is reflected in academic research, as well as in policy-oriented publications stemming from the global think-tank sector. This collection adds to this debate by offering a glimpse into selected aspects of BRI and its development, including the applicability of existing theories of trade to the case of BRI, the specificity of investment modes associated with BRI, sustainability, SDGs, socio-cultural issues, and many other implications. Due to its focus on diverse aspects of BRI, this collection will be of interest to students of international economics, international relations, and related subjects
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    Digital innovation in Multiple Sclerosis Management (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036528885 , 9783036528892
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (195 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Due to innovation in technology, a new type of patient has been created, the e-patient, characterized by the use of electronic communication tools and commitment to participate in their own care. The extent to which the world of digital health has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic has been widely recognized. Remote medicine has become part of the new normal for patients and clinicians, introducing innovative care delivery models that are likely to endure even if the pendulum swings back to some degree in a post-COVID age. The development of digital applications and remote communication technologies for patients with multiple sclerosis has increased rapidly in recent years. For patients, eHealth apps have been shown to improve outcomes and increase access to care, disease information, and support. For HCPs, eHealth technology may facilitate the assessment of clinical disability, analysis of lab and imaging data, and remote monitoring of patient symptoms, adverse events, and outcomes. It may allow time optimization and more timely intervention than is possible with scheduled face-to-face visits. The way we measure the impact of MS on daily life has remained relatively unchanged for decades, and is heavily reliant on clinic visits that may only occur once or twice each year.These benefits are important because multiple sclerosis requires ongoing monitoring, assessment, and management.The aim of this Special Issue is to cover the state of knowledge and expertise in the field of eHealth technology applied to multiple sclerosis, from clinical evaluation to patient education
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    Advances in Mechanical Systems Dynamics 2020 (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036528717 , 9783036528700
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (410 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: The fundamentals of mechanical system dynamics were established before the beginning of the industrial era. The 18th century was a very important time for science and was characterized by the development of classical mechanics. This development progressed in the 19th century, and new, important applications related to industrialization were found and studied. The development of computers in the 20th century revolutionized mechanical system dynamics owing to the development of numerical simulation. We are now in the presence of the fourth industrial revolution. Mechanical systems are increasingly integrated with electrical, fluidic, and electronic systems, and the industrial environment has become characterized by the cyber-physical systems of industry 4.0. Within this framework, the status-of-the-art has become represented by integrated mechanical systems and supported by accurate dynamic models able to predict their dynamic behavior. Therefore, mechanical systems dynamics will play a central role in forthcoming years. This Special Issue aims to disseminate the latest research findings and ideas in the field of mechanical systems dynamics, with particular emphasis on novel trends and applications
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    Marine Mammals in a Changing World (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036529998 , 9783036529981
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Despite tremendous advances in our understanding of marine mammals over the past several decades, numerous unanswered questions remain. These include fundamental questions in every biological discipline as well as other areas of science, including basic and applied chemistry and physics. Current studies of marine mammals reflect major improvements in technology as well as equally large changes in the ocean environment. Contributions for this Special Issue were invited in all areas of marine mammal research, especially those focusing on one (or both) of two themes: changing technological advances and changes in ocean habitats affecting marine mammals (including but not limited to changes in climate/temperature; ocean acidification; noise, plastic, or chemical pollution; vessel traffic and ship strikes; pathogenic viruses and microbes; trophic and salinity changes; fisheries impacts; habitat destruction; and related topics). The five articles published in this Special Issue focus on diverse areas of marine mammal research and health, including ecology, conservation, population biology and management, behavior, habitat and distribution, genetics, evolution, physiology, anatomy, acoustics, effects of noise and pollution, and new technologies
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    Plant Proteomic Research 4.0 (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036526638 , 9783036526621
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: As an important tool of systems biology, proteomics has enabled a deep understanding of different plant processes and functions. Complemented with genomic data, computational tools, and improved sample preparation strategies, proteomics has an unprecedented opportunity to characterize plant proteoforms in high spatial and temporal resolution. This special issue of Plant Proteomic Research 4.0 captures the recent advancements in proteomics and addresses the current challenges of plant stress response and resilience in the ever-changing climate. It contains 12 articles, including three reviews and nine original research articles. The three reviews deal with pollen phosphoproteomics, starch biosynthesis-related proteins and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in rice developing seeds, and PTMs of waxy proteins in rice grain. The nine research articles include three related to temperature, two on water stress, two on salt stress, one on fungal pathogen, and the last one on field-grown potato apoplast proteome. The articles reflect the current frontiers of plant proteomics, focusing on themes of environmental stresses, proteoforms/PTMs, crop species, and new development in data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. They provide readers insights into current technologies, their utility in understanding plant growth and resilience, as well as directions of proteomics in the frontiers of systems biology and synthetic biology
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    Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036530796 , 9783036530789
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: The enteric protozoans Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are the most common diarrhoea-causing protozoan parasites worldwide. Cryptosporidium spp. is a leading cause of diarrhoea morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years of age in poor-resource settings in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Although infection by G. duodenalis is rarely a fatal condition, giardiasis is commonly associated with childhood growth faltering and cognitive impairment. Because of their significant socioeconomic impact, particularly in low-income countries, giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis joined the “Neglected Disease Initiative” launched by the World Health Organization in 2004. Both Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis are ubiquitous in the environment and can infect a wide range of hosts with different specificities, meaning that humans may acquire the infection via waterborne, foodborne, or zoonotic transmission. Recent advances in detection and molecular epidemiology have indicated that certain species/genotypes of Cryptosporidium and G. duodenalis have an expanded range of suitable hosts, suggesting that their transmission pathways are more intricate than previously thought, challenging our current notion of host specificities. Therefore, there is a clear need for more studies that aim to investigate the frequency and molecular diversity of these parasites in humans, production and companion animals, and wildlife species. This information would be extremely useful to elucidate the transmission dynamics of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis and to investigate the exact contribution of zoonotic events to human infections
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    Quercus Genetics : Insights into the Past, Present, and Future of Oaks (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036528793 , 9783036528786
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The genus Quercus (Quercus, Fagaceae) comprises more than 400 species distributed throughout the northern hemisphere. While the highest oak diversity occurs in American and Asia, European species are also widespread. Oaks are ecological dominants of many temperate forests, and evergreen species are major components of Mediterranean and subtropical woodlands. They provide important ecosystem services and valuable timber. Oak species exhibit high genetic diversity, and this diversity has provided a wealth of information regarding oak ecology and evolution. Recent genetic and genomic studies of oaks have unraveled their evolutionary origins, history, and past radiations. Genetic approaches have also been applied to learn about more recent events, such as range expansions and contractions occurring at northern latitudes
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    Natural Sciences in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036531212 , 9783036531205
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (226 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: A Special Issue of the international journal Sustainability under the section Sustainability of Culture & Heritage has been made, entitled Natural Sciences in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage. The bridge between science/technology and the humanities (archaeology, anthropology, history of art, and cultural heritage) has formed a well-established interdisciplinary subject with several sub-disciplines; it is growing exponentially, spurred by the fast development of technology in other fields (space exploration, medical, military, and industrial applications). On the other hand, art and culture struggle to survive due to neglect, lack of funding, or the dangers of events such as natural disasters and war. This volume strengthens and exerts the documentation of the sustainability of the issue that arises from the outcome of resulting research and the application of such a duality link. The sustainable dimension emerges from society, education, and economics through the impact of cultural growth, all of which produce a balanced society, in which prosperity, harmony, and development are merged at a sustainable local/regional/national/social level. A wide range of subjects linking the applied natural sciences with archaeology and the cultural heritage of innovative research and applications are presented in this volume
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    Various Aspects of Silicon Polymer Chemistry : A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Julian Chojnowski on the Occasion of His 85th Birthday (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036522548 , 9783036522531
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (234 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This special issue of Molecules is dedicated to Professor Julian Chojnowski on the occasion of his 85th birthday for his outstanding achievements in the field of organosilicon chemistry. This issue contains one review and eleven original articles written by eminent experts on various aspects of silicon polymer chemistry, which reflect the tireless passion of Professor Chojnowski to the development of organosilicon chemistry
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    Economic, Environmental, and Social Assessments of Raw Materials for a Green and Resilient Economy (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036526690 , 9783036526683
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (230 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book addresses pre-conditions for developing a sustainable and resilient economy and society, emphasizing resources used in future-oriented technologies. With the in-depth analysis of assessments for primary and secondary raw materials, the different contributions meet the need of researchers in the fields of Industrial Ecology, Life Science, and Materials Engineering. Thought-out resource strategies are crucial, establishing a well-designed Circular Economy with sophisticated cascading use stages and reducing emissions to air, water and soil. So, sustainable mining, smelting, and refining processes for metals and minerals have to be improved and new material processes—coming from waste—in the field of the bioeconomy have to be implemented. This book discusses criticality assessments and other classification schemes to quantify supply risks and environmental and social burdens. With tools such as Life Cycle Assessments, the authors identify critical resources and processes in several case studies
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    Recent Advances and Future Trends in Nanophotonics (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036530390 , 9783036530383
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Nanophotonics has emerged as a multidisciplinary frontier of science and engineering. Due to its high potential to contribute to breakthroughs in many areas of technology, nanophotonics is capturing the interest of many researchers from different fields. This Special Issue of Applied Sciences on “Recent advances and future trends in nanophotonics” aims to give an overview on the latest developments in nanophotonics and its roles in different application domains. Topics of discussion include, but are not limited to, the exploration of new directions of nanophotonic science and technology that enable technological breakthroughs in high-impact areas mainly regarding diffraction elements, detection, imaging, spectroscopy, optical communications, and computing
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    Targeted Cancer Therapy and Mechanisms of Resistance (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036528564 , 9783036528571
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (280 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: Tumor cells commonly exhibit dependence on a single activated oncogenic pathway or protein to maintain their malignant proliferation and survival, a phenomenon called “oncogene addiction”. According to this concept, protein kinases have been identified as promising molecular targets for cancer therapy. There are several possibilities for targeting these proteins in cancer, including monoclonal antibodies, compounds able to favor the proteolytic degradation of the kinase, small-molecule protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs). Moreover, new anticancer treatments have increasingly been developed focusing on tumor suppressor genes and RNA interference. Despite promising results in cancer treatment with targeted cancer drugs, clinical experience has shown that only a fraction of patients respond to targeted therapies, even if their tumor expresses the altered target. This is known as primary resistance. Otherwise, secondary or acquired resistance to the treatment arises, almost invariably, when tumors are treated with cancer drugs. We set out to select some studies containing emerging developments on the subject. In essence, this collection aims to highlight some recent findings regarding resistance mechanisms and reviews of molecular targeting and resistance with 14 contributions, including 10 original research papers and 4 reviews. Aspects relating to solid cancers, such as breast, ovary, colon, and blood cancers such as leukemia, and the identification of resistance mechanisms and new molecular targets, help to create the basis for the preclinical and clinical development of more effective next-generation drugs
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    Natural Products and Derivatives in Human Disorders (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036527666 , 9783036527673
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (126 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: With this Special Issue, we have aimed to collect, publish and disseminate some of the most significant and recent contributions using both natural compounds present in living organisms and some of their chemical derivatives aimed at reducing the risk of developing inflammatory and oxidative diseases such as cancer, metabolic syndrome and other human disorders related to the bone, vascular and ocular systems. The publication of articles on the anticancer and antioxidant activity of natural compounds and their derivatives is particularly encouraged.Natural products, many of them phytochemicals, are bioactive compounds. They have traditionally been used by different cultures for the prevention and treatment of various human diseases. Subsequently, their chemical derivatives are being used to enhance their bioactivities. antiproliferative, antitumour, growth stimulating, as well as cardio- and neuroprotective activities, with particular attention being paid to the study of their antitumour capacity, through potential modulation of cancer initiation and growth, cell differentiation, apoptosis and autophagy, angiogenesis and metastatic dissemination.Aucuba japonica; aucubin; cornea; dry eye; tear; chondrosarcoma cells; osteoarthritis; Ryupunghwan (natural product mixture); IL-1β; isomucronulatol 7-O-β-d-glucoside; ecliptasaponin A; cardiomyocytes (H9C2 cells); angiotensin II; hypertension; No-ap (natural product mixture); reactive oxygen species; roseoside; icariside E4; acetylcholinesterase; butyrylcholinesterase; triterpenoids; Teucrium mascatense; natural plant products; anticancer activity; breast and cervical cancer; apoptosis; caspases; aberrant crypt foci; colon cancer; mucin depleted foci; maslinic acid; dimethylhydrazine; saikosaponin d; neuropilin-1; HepG2; metabolomics; metabolite deregulation score; n/a
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    Rotaviruses and Rotavirus Vaccines (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036525907 , 9783036525914
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (238 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences
    Abstract: This special edition of Pathogens brings together a breadth of information on rotavirus and global rotavirus vaccines, to highlight rotavirus research from across the world that represents recent advances in our knowledge of vaccine effectiveness, rotavirus epidemiology, genotypic diversity, and genomic characterisation
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    Study of Biodegradation and Bioremediation (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036529011 , 9783036529004
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (234 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Despite many years of efforts to reduce the emission of toxic pollutants into the environment, the contamination of air, soils and water by heavy metals and organic xenobiotics is still a serious problem. This has urged many scientists around the world to undertake research that aims to find effective methods of removing pollutants from the environment. Special attention is paid to biological methods, which, thanks to their numerous advantages, meet the expectations of the whole society. As part of the Special Issue “Study of Biodegradation and Bioremediation”, in the MDPI journal Processes, several valuable articles have been published, which together form a picture of the current state of advanced research on the effective fight against environmental pollution. These include papers on the biodegradation of petroleum compounds or synthetic dyes by microorganisms or the enzymes they produce. In addition, the Special Issue includes papers on the bioremediation of dangerous heavy metals such as mercury and copper, and the results make a valuable contribution to our current state of knowledge on this topic. A separate and valuable part of this collection of publications are review articles devoted to the remediation of antineoplastic drugs, as well as the hopes and challenges connected with the application of nanotechnology in bioremediation. We are pleased that so many researchers from different parts of the world have submitted their articles on this topic. We are very grateful to them. We hope that readers of this collection will find many interesting ideas and relevant information that will lead to new solutions in the bioremediation and biodegradation of emerging environmental contaminants. Prof. Ewa Kaczorek Dr. Wojciech Smułek
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    Cooperative/Collaborative Learning (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036529707 , 9783036529714
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (272 p.)
    Keywords: The arts ; The arts: general issues ; Theory of art
    Abstract: This book brings together a diverse range of international scholars to highlight recent developments in research on collaborative learning. The emphasis is on research that has a strong evidence base for the work that is presented and includes empirical studies, best evidence synthesis of the relevant research, case studies, and theoretical reports. It also highlights how different technologies have been used to facilitate group interaction, dialogue, and learning. There is much to be gained by sharing and learning about what happens in different disciplines and contexts and how different collaborative pedagogies can be implemented when needed to promote understanding and learning. This book will have strong appeal to pre-service and experienced teachers and researchers who are interested in how different collaborative pedagogies can be embedded in course curricula to promote student engagement and learning
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    Energy Transition and Climate Change in Decision-making Processes (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036527062 , 9783036527079
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (303 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Environmental economics
    Abstract: There is a growing concern about the climate; numerous voices stress that, in order to overcome the climate crisis, the transition to a low-carbon society is the most reasonable path to follow. In this type of society, individuals would be characterized by making mindful efforts to drastically decrease carbon and greenhouse gas emissions, and promote benign energy sources. In order to facilitate this transition, a social perspective in addition to technological, political and economic aspects must be integrated into the relevant decision-making processes. This is necessary because the public can strongly affect actions aimed at driving profound changes in traditional energy systems. To contribute to the effort of promoting energy transition, the Editors of this book invited scholars and practitioners conducting research in the areas of climate change and the energy transition to submit their work. This book includes studies that establish a valuable source of information which can be used to enhance decision-making processes which, in turn, can turn the energy transition into reality. Hopefully, efforts such as this collection of knowledge can help economies make a step towards a secure and sustainable energy future in which renewables will have replaced the centuries-long human dependence on fossil fuels
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    Genetics and Genomics of the Brassicaceae (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036526560 , 9783036526577
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Abstract: Brassica includes economically important vegetables. This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive overview of genomics and genetic analysis in Brassicaceae. There is particular interest in research on agronomically important traits
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    Precision Machining (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036528366 , 9783036528373
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: The work included in this book focuses on precision machining and grinding processes, including milling, laser machining and polishing on various materials for high-end applications. These processes are in the forefront of contemporary technology, with significant industrial applications. Their importance is also made clear by the important works that are included in the research that is presented in the book. Some important aspects of these processes are investigated, and process parameters are optimized. This is performed in the presented works with significant experimental and modelling work, incorporating modern tools of analysis and measurements
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    Spinoza’s Theological-Political Treatise (1670–2020). Commemorating A Long-Forgotten Masterpiece (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036526546 , 9783036526553
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (157 p.)
    Keywords: Philosophy
    Abstract: Spinoza’s Theological-Political Treatise first appeared, anonymously, in 1670. After the publication of the Opera Posthuma (1677), few scholars took the trouble to take the work seriously. In his famous History of Philosophy, Hegel only devoted a few lines to the work, caustically describing it as a mere predecessor of contemporary Biblical criticism. In the early 20th century, Gebhardt deemed it a pamphlet written as an intervention in the political-ecclesiastical controversies of the Republican Era of Johan de Witt, which ended with violent death by the Hague mob. In the 21st century, Verbeek outlined its inconsistencies and named it ‘badly organized and—let us admit it—without a clear and recognizable focus’. Notwithstanding this benign neglect, in the past five decades the TTP has finally emerged from the shadow of the Ethics. In the wake of the growing interest in the political philosophy of Spinoza in France and Italy and the study of the historical significance of Radical Enlightenment by Jonathan Israel, recent studies of the TTP have focused on the context of the Dutch Republic, but also explored the work’s broader philosophical relevance. This commemorative Special Issue offers a style guide of the various recent approaches to the TTP, placing the work in its historical context, exploring its Medieval and Early Modern sources, assessing its philosophical (in)coherence, and, finally, its critical relevance in a globalized world, in Brazil, Iran, and in times of enduring authoritarianism and fake news
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    Multiple Sclerosis : Diagnosis and Treatment II (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036529172 , 9783036529165
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: The book “Multiple Sclerosis: Diagnosis and Treatment” provides a collection of selected articles published in Biomedicines as part of Volume II addressing current issues on this major inflammatory demyelinating neurological disorder. The articles describe recent advances and discoveries in the molecular and cell microenvironment contributing to neuro-inflammation in the brain and spinal cord. The role of the neurofilaments light chain as a serological biomarker of axonal and neuronal degeneration of the CNS is presented not just as a sensitive diagnostic tool, but also as an indicator of treatment responses. The new generation of therapeutic molecules belonging to the sphingosine-1-phosphate class are discussed, and their potential as disease-modifying treatment is considered. Investigations into the intimate molecular mechanisms of highly active MS, disclosed clinically and by MRI, are discussed by researchers proposing that the expression of RNAs in peripheral blood cells is a biomarker of highly active disease. The book also addresses important clinical and epidemiological aspects of pediatric MS and that in multi-ethnic cohorts
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    Hypoxia-Inducible Factors : Regulation and Therapeutic Potential (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036529134 , 9783036529127
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Oxygen is an essential molecule in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cells, and a lack of energy due to O2 deficiency makes the maintenance of biological functions and human life improbable. Since oxygen functions as the final electron acceptor in the series of ATP synthesis reactions in conjunction with oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, its deficiency causes the oxidation of a series of coenzymes, such as nicotinamide and flavin adenine dinucleotide, and the reduction in oxygen molecules to water molecules (H2O). Persistent deficiency has been believed to cause a loss of biological functions, even resulting in death. This classical view of oxygen has been completely revised over the last 20 years. Mammals do not have a mechanism for biosynthesizing oxygen in their bodies. In higher organisms such as vertebrates, which possess many organs, oxygen in the body is always “scarce,”; therefore, the dominant view is that organisms have evolved mechanisms to respond to the lack of this essential molecule (hypoxia), and actively use it to maintain bodily integrity. Anatomically complex, higher multicellular organisms are equipped with specialized mechanisms to enable all cells to obtain sufficient oxygen. The respiratory system consists of lungs, which provide oxygen to be transferred to hemoglobin in red blood cells, the diaphragm, other respiratory support muscles, and neuroepithelial cells that sense the partial pressure of oxygen. The cardiovascular system consists of red blood cells, an oxygen-carrying medium, the heart, the transport engine, blood vessels, and transport channels. The proper development and preservation of these systems requires the harmonious expression of thousands of genes. The transcription factor responsible for this gene expression is hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). In this Special Issue, we invited research and review papers on various areas of oxygen biology research that focused on the fundamental understanding of HIF signaling pathways and related gene expression profiling, as well as pharmacogenomic biomarkers, molecular targets driving the regulation of human physiology and pathophysiology, and validation in animal models. We have published six original papers and three review articles in this Special Issue. We hope that this Special Issue will reflect the current exciting research concerning HIFs and their applications in medicine and health science
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    Immunotherapy in Myeloma : A Theme Issue in Honor of Prof. Dr. Gösta Gahrton (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036529073 , 9783036529066
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Immunotherapy in multiple myeloma, first investigated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation, is now a major pillar in the treatment of multiple myeloma. CAR-T-cell technology, monoclonal or bispecific antibodies, as well as new forms of cellular therapy, have revolutionized the treatment of this hematological malignancy
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    New Development of Neutrosophic Probability, Neutrosophic Statistics, Neutrosophic Algebraic Structures, and Neutrosophic & Plithogenic Optimizations (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036529547 , 9783036529554
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (383 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Mathematics & science
    Abstract: This Special Issue puts forward for discussion state-of-the-art papers on new topics related to neutrosophic theories, such as neutrosophic algebraic structures, neutrosophic triplet algebraic structures, neutrosophic extended triplet algebraic structures, neutrosophic algebraic hyperstructures, neutrosophic triplet algebraic hyperstructures, neutrosophic n-ary algebraic structures, neutrosophic n-ary algebraic hyperstructures, refined neutrosophic algebraic structures, refined neutrosophic algebraic hyperstructures, quadruple neutrosophic algebraic structures, refined quadruple neutrosophic algebraic structures, neutrosophic image processing, neutrosophic image classification, neutrosophic computer vision, neutrosophic machine learning, neutrosophic artificial intelligence, neutrosophic data analytics, neutrosophic deep learning, neutrosophic symmetry, and their applications in the real world. This book leads to the further advancement of the neutrosophic and plithogenic theories of NeutroAlgebra and AntiAlgebra, NeutroGeometry and AntiGeometry, Neutrosophic n-SuperHyperGraph (the most general form of graph of today), Neutrosophic Statistics, Plithogenic Logic as a generalization of MultiVariate Logic, Plithogenic Probability and Plithogenic Statistics as a generalization of MultiVariate Probability and Statistics, respectively, and presents their countless applications in our every-day world
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    The Role of Complement in Cancer Immunotherapy (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036529394 , 9783036529387
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: The dual role of complement in both cancer development and treatment has been investigated extensively and is characterized by a substantial literature that documents the conditions in which complement can either enhance tumor growth or promote the killing of malignant cells. Indeed, there are now numerous examples of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that have either been approved by the FDA or that are under active investigation that make use of complement when eliminating cancer cells. Although the direct in vitro killing of mAb-opsonized cancer cell lines by complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) can be readily demonstrated, there are considerable challenges related to the translation of these findings to the clinic, and numerous strategies have been employed to maximize mAb-mediated CDC in cancer treatment. These approaches include the redesign of mAb dosing schedules; engineering the Fc regions of the mAbs to enhance complement activation; treatment with cocktails of mAbs that bind to several different sites on the targeted cells and thus that potentially synergize CDC promotion; and neutralizing the complement control proteins on malignant cells to weaken their defenses against complement. Target sites on malignant cells that have been successfully exploited for mAb-induced CDC include CD20, CD37, CD38, CD52, and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors. MAbs specific to complement components have served as powerful analytical reagents to investigate the detailed mechanisms of CDC, and they have been employed to document complement activation by cancer cells and to examine the role of complement proteins (in particular C1q and fragments of C3 and C5) in supporting tumor growth. The use of polyclonal and mAb reagents has revealed a role for the intracellular complement system in cancer biology and strategies that focus on the interaction of complement with the tumor microenvironment, and examining the impact of the complotype on the response to immunotherapy in cancer should lead to additional mAb-based therapies. Along these lines, there is now increasing evidence that strategies that make use of mAbs or other agents to modulate the action of C3a/C5a or their respective receptors may also find use in cancer immunotherapy
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    Updates in Breast Reconstruction : Review from Evidence (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036511115 , 9783036511108
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Surgery
    Abstract: This book is a collection of manuscripts on breast reconstruction, the topic of a Special Issue of Medicina Journal. The book begins with a review of the literature on the most recent reconstructive strategies using biological dermal matrices and moves toward the management of pain and infections. Some aspects of regenerative surgery are also clarified and an analysis focuses on social disparities in access to breast reconstruction. The final part of this book is dedicated to nipple–areola reconstruction, the last surgical step of breast reconstruction
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    Flavour Volatiles of Wine (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036529738 , 9783036529721
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (142 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The perception of wine flavour and aroma is the result of several interactions between a large number of chemical compounds and sensory receptors. Compounds show synergistic (one compound enhances the perception of another) and antagonistic (one compound suppresses the perception of another) interactions. The chemical profile of a wine is derived from the entire process, starting from the grapes and continuing through to bottled ageing. At the moment, wine makers are limited as to the range of yeasts that are able to impart some specific aromatic characteristic to a wine, and research focuses on issues such as adjusting the levels of flavour and aroma compounds, in particular esters and alcohols, producing enzymes that will release additional volatile compounds from the grapes, and reducing the amount of alcohol to levels that allow a better perception and release of aroma and flavour compounds. New yeast strains are continuously being developed using traditional breeding techniques, leading to different flavour and aroma profiles in wine. The potential flavour volatiles of wine include, but are not limited, to the following: i) varietal; ii) pre-fermentative volatiles formed by the yeast during fermentation; iii) formed by the yeast directly related to alcoholic fermentation; iv) related to amino acid metabolism; v) formed during malolactic fermentation; vi) formed during ageing (reductive and oxidative pathway) and maturation. This Special Issue, “Flavour Volatiles of Wine”, aims to reach a mechanistic understanding of these pathways, with a focus on the reactions involved in the formation or degradation of key wine odorants, and of the technological factors involved during the winemaking process. It consists of six peer-reviewed papers that cover novel aspects of volatile compounds research in the wine sector
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    COVID-19 Outbreak and Beyond : Psychological and Behavioral Responses and Future Perspectives (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036530147 , 9783036530154
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (490 p.)
    Keywords: Psychology
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic drastically changed our lifestyle when, on 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. Since then, many governments have introduced unprecedented containment measures, hoping to slow the spread of the virus. International research suggests that both the pandemic and the related protective measures, such as lockdown, curfews, and social distancing, are having a profound impact on the mental health of the population. Among the most commonly observed psychological effects, there are high levels of stress, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic symptoms, along with boredom and frustration. At the same time, the behavioral response of the population is of paramount importance to successfully contain the outbreak, creating a vicious circle in which the psychological distress impacts the willingness to comply with the protective measures, which, in turn, if prolonged, could exacerbate the population’s distress. This book includes: i) original studies on the worldwide psychological and behavioral impact of COVID-19 on targeted individuals (e.g., parents, social workers, patients affected by physical and mental disorders); ii) studies exploring the effect of COVID-19 using advanced statistical and methodological techniques (e.g., machine learning technologies); iii) research on practical applications that could help identify persons at risk, mitigate the negative effects of this situation, and offer insights to policymakers to manage the pandemic are also highly welcomed
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    GIS and Remote Sensing for Renewable Energy Assessment and Maps (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036528663 , 9783036528670
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (244 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This book aims at providing the state-of-the-art on all of the aforementioned tools in different energy applications and at different scales, i.e., urban, regional, national, and even continental for renewable scenarios planning and policy making
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    Plant Extracts : Chemical Composition, Bioactivity and Potential Applications (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    ISBN: 9783036528762 , 9783036528779
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Society has recently demonstrated a high level of awareness and responsibility concerning environmental issues. The interest in bioactive compounds extracted from natural sources has increased due to their potential application as active ingredients in several industries, particularly the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Plants are rich sources of phenolic compounds that have been widely studied due to their health-promoting properties, namely antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities, among others. Extraction is usually the limiting analytical step in the yield of bioactive compounds. From a green point of view, many extraction techniques have been employed as potential candidates to replace conventional methods, such as ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), pulsed electric field extraction, and enzyme-assisted extraction. In this Special Issue, we focus our attention on the chemical characterization of plant extracts and their bioactive composition, focusing also on in-vitro cell assays and molecular tools. The issue comprises original research articles, as well as a review, on topics such as phenolic profile, radical scavenging capacity, in vitro cell assays, comet assay, and antimicrobial capacity. We close this Special Issue with a review paper that focuses on the pharmacological activities of quercetin, one of the principal polyphenols. With this, we aim to provide a contemporary overview of the advantages of bioactive compounds extracted from plants
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    Advances in Selective Flotation and Leaching Process in Metallurgy (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036529813 , 9783036529806
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Metals are necessary to maintaining living standards in modern society, due to their countless applications in transportation, building and construction, household appliances, electronic devices, etc. Therefore, humans’ generation and consumption of metals is considerable, and demand is projected to skyrocket continuously as technology advances. Unfortunately, easily exploitable ore deposits have been depleted, which forces mining industries to develop complex ore deposits with low-grade and fine grain sizes to meet the high forecasted demand for metals. In general, metals can be extracted from ores in two ways; either by the concentration of valuable minerals via flotation followed by smelting, or by direct extraction of metals from ores via leaching followed by purification and recovery processes. The first stages in each scenario, flotation and leaching are, therefore, of crucial importance to ensuring the continued supply of metals. This book is a compilation of a Special Issue of Metals, entitled “Advances in Selective Flotation and Leaching Process in Metallurgy”, where 12 papers contributed by experts in the area were published. Papers published in this Special Issue cover a wide range of topics, including flotation, microencapsulation, agglomeration, leaching, solvent extraction, electrowinning, precipitation, and cementation. All the papers are of high scientific value and will be of great interest to the readers of Metals
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    Colorectal Cancer : From Pathophysiology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036529233 , 9783036529226
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (284 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, and the pathogenesis of this neoplasm is probably one of the most studied. The knowledge obtained over time has led to the development of screening and early diagnosis systems, allowing a significant reduction in the incidence of this neoplasm. However, what is currently known probably represents only the tip of the iceberg of the biology of this tumor. It was recently shown that the gut microbiota may contribute to colorectal cancerogenesis. In addition, several novel targeted therapies are now applied to patients with colorectal carcinoma. Nonetheless, several questions are still unanswered. Could the modulation of the gut microbiota modify the risk of tumor progression or the efficacy of therapies? Are there any predictive biomarkers of the risk of tumor progression or the efficacy of target therapies? Is metastatic colorectal cancer one or more diseases? This book collects a series of scientific articles reflecting part of the state of the art regarding colorectal cancer, seeking to answer these questions
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  • 81
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    Growth, Somatic Maturation and Their Impact on Physical Health and Sports Performance (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036530864 , 9783036530871
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (127 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: A total of 11 manuscripts focused on different topics related to youth and sports practice are published in this book. Three papers focus on aspects of physical performance, five papers provide innovative findings in relation to anthropometry and body composition features, one paper examines the difficulties in running online physical education classes in the context of COVID-19, and two focus on the influence of training strategies on muscle strength and blood pressure
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  • 82
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    Plant Cryopreservation (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036527895 , 9783036527888
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: Cryopreservation is the storage of cells, tissues and organs at ultra-low temperatures (−196 °C) and can be an important tool for long-term conservation of plant genetic resources. A wide range of cryogenic procedures have been developed for in vitro explants, dormant buds and non-orthodox seeds in many plant species; however, research that provides novelty, insight and advances for developing and improving new protocols in plant species is still needed. This book includes the development of new protocols, physical and chemical studies related to preservation in liquid nitrogen, and some reviews on several aspects of cryopreservation. This publication will be a useful document for the community of cryopreservation scientists
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  • 83
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    Symmetries in Quantum Mechanics (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036526959 , 9783036526942
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (324 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Symmetry and quantum mechanics are two of the most fundamental probes we have of nature. This collection of eleven papers discusses new quantum phenomena in atoms, galaxies, and people (quantum cognition), which is a testimonial to the breadth of the influence of symmetry and quantum mechanics. The book represents an international effort of researchers from educational and research institutions in nine countries, including India, Finland, France, Mexico, Norway, Russia, Spain, Turkey, and the United States. The papers can be divided into four broad categories: Fundamentals of quantum systems, including a new derivation of the uncertainty principle from optimal stochastic control theory, a new model of energy transfer between atoms with no wave function collapse, a new asymmetric optical micro-device with the remarkable property of showing a current with no applied voltage, and a model of quantum cognition to predict the effect of irrelevant information on decision making. 2. Algebraic methods in quantum mechanics, describing an elegant derivation of hydrogen atom Stark effect matrix elements, and a new group theoretical method for the computation of radiative shifts. Teleportation and scattering, including a method to improve the information transfer in teleportation, and the use of permutation symmetry to compute scattering cross sections. Cosmology, including scalar-tensor theory applied to inflation, the characterization of new Levi-Cevita space-times, and a comprehensive analysis of gravitational dispersion forces
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  • 84
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    Multifunctional Nanomaterials : Synthesis, Properties and Applications (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036531380 , 9783036531397
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (207 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: This book is a collection of review articles and research articles, which was published in the Special Issue “Multifunctional Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications” of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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  • 85
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    Hemorheology and Metabolism (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036528946 , 9783036528953
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine ; Medical study & revision guides & reference material
    Abstract: This e-book version of the Special Issue “Hemorheology and Metabolites” has been dedicated to the novel findings and recent advances in hemorheology, presenting clinical or clinically oriented experimental research and review articles in the context of metabolites, metabolic alterations and blood macro- and micro-rheology
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  • 86
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    The End-Purpose of Teaching Social Sciences and the Curricular Inclusion of Social Problems (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036528861 , 9783036528878
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Keywords: Society & social sciences ; Education
    Abstract: The most recent scientific literature on the treatment of social problems or controversial social questions in the Social Sciences classroom, and their inclusion into curricula, emphasizes the need to introduce students into large-scale social debates where different points of view exist, different interests are at stake, and where it is desirable that they construct their own opinions in that respect from a critical and reasoned perspective. Work with social problems permits a typology of analysis that includes the relative experience of the past and the expectations for the future in a present that is lived, and to consider the temporal relation on the basis of an analysis of changes and continuities that are observable from a comparative perspective. In the comprehension and interpretation of the historicity of the present and in planning the social future, social problems would have to represent a fundamental curricular tenant that gives relevance to the contemporaneousness of the student. In view of the scarcity of studies in this area, this monograph offers a rich collection of studies aimed at answering two structural research questions: What are the purposes of teaching history and social sciences at today’s schools? What is the place of social thought formation and social problems in learning/teaching in Social Sciences?
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    ME/CFS : Causes, Clinical Features and Diagnosis (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036524382 , 9783036524399
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (245 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: “ME/CFS: Causes, Clinical Features and Diagnosis” addresses the early stages of ME/CFS and underlying predisposing factors. It considers the plight of the individual patient, and also the impact of the illness on society as a whole, which is considerable, in terms of both costs and social disruption. Patients and their families and carers frequently experience discrimination and difficulties accessing care. This volume will be of particular interest to those undertaking scientific research and those providing clinical care for ME/CFS patients, as well as to social policy analysts, policy makers and governments, and specialists in social research and medical education. There is a major focus on shortcomings in terms of medical education, resulting in considerable gaps in knowledge and understanding of the condition among many doctors. International comparisons indicate that these problems are encountered in many countries. This is particularly topical at a time when Long Covid-19 has moved post-viral syndromes to the forefront of the political agenda, and confronted society with new challenges in this area on a hitherto unprecedented scale. The volume addresses the many points of similarity between Long Covid-19 and ME/CFS. Mitigation of the illness is also addressed, through espousal of a more patient-centred approach to care, and through consideration of the scope for prevention. Sixty-nine authors from seventeen European countries, and from Canada and the USA have contributed to this volume, which is a truly international collaboration
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  • 88
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    Materials and Energy Recovery from the Final Disposal of Organic Waste (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036528533 , 9783036528526
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (184 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: The book is a collection of scientific contributions that highlight how scientific and technological evolution can change the paradigm of organic waste as an environmental problem into a renewable resource of energy and materials. Numerous researchers and research institutions that are located in different countries with varying levels of socio-economic development and other traditions were involved in this work. The materials that were considered include household waste, including human excreta and those generated by typical urban activities. The organic waste was derived from the agro-industrial sector and from packaging labelled as being biodegradable. Problems related to the detoxification of aquatic plants are discussed and the use of these plants for their ability to produce biomethane is documented simultaneously. An organic waste management strategy that was developed in the Albania context is also presented and discussed. Anaerobic digestion is one of the most widely studied technologies in this field, and this process is responsible for the production of biogas or methane, even in fossil resource-rich countries. On the other hand, aerobic fermentation is considered for the degradation of very toxic organic substances that can be dissolved into aqueous solutions that aid in the recovery of valuable materials from electrical and electronic equipment that do not have further use. There are a wide range of arguments and experiences that support the use of waste as a resource through disposal with simultaneous energy enhancement and the production of new materials, thus limiting the use of non-renewable resources for more sustainable development for the benefit of future generations
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  • 89
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    Nanostructured Materials for Solar Cell Applications (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036528649 , 9783036528656
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (106 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: The use of nanomaterials in technologies for photovoltaic applications continues to represent an important area of research. There are numerous mechanisms by which the incorporation of nanomaterials can improve device performance. We invited authors to contribute articles covering the most recent progress and new developments in the design and utilization of nanomaterials for highly efficient, novel devices relevant to solar cell applications. This book covers a broad range of subjects, from nanomaterials synthesis to the design and characterization of photovoltaic devices and technologies with nanomaterial integration
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  • 90
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    Effect of Phenolic Compounds on Human Health (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036528991 , 9783036528984
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (232 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Food & society
    Abstract: Phenolic compounds are non-essential dietary compounds that are found in many vegetables (i.e. onion, cabbage, broccoli and parsley), fruits (i.e. cherries, grapes, berries and pears), cereals and beverages (i.e. red wine, tea and chocolate). These heterogeneous compounds are produced as secondary metabolites. Structurally, these compounds are characterized by comprising an aromatic ring with one or more hydroxyl groups that can be classified into two groups: flavonoids and non-flavonoids. Phenolic compounds have received considerable attention for its health-promoting properties in many chronic disorders including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, among others. These health benefits are mainly attributed to its antioxidant properties. Phenolic compounds act as antioxidant by scavenging free radicals, metal chelation and endogenous antioxidant system upregulation (enzymatic antioxidants such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione).The consumption of exogenous medicinal plants and food rich in phenolic compounds represent a promising therapeutically to prevent many chronic diseases and improve health.This Special Issue entitled “Effect of Phenolic Compounds on Human Health” include research articles and review articles on phenolic compounds and its role in health (i.e. flavonoids and diabetes, polyphenols and liver diseases, polyphenols and obesity, polyphenols and cardiovascular diseases and polyphenols and neuroprotection)
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  • 91
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    Kinetoplastid Phylogenomics and Evolution (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036530529 , 9783036530536
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general
    Abstract: This Special Issue, Kinetoplastid Phylogenomics and Evolution, unites a series of research and review papers related to kinetoplastid parasites. The diverse topics represented in this collection display a variety of scientific questions and methodological approaches currently used to study these fascinating organisms
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  • 92
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    Newborn Screening in Japan (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036529257 , 9783036529240
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (116 p.)
    Keywords: Medicine
    Abstract: “Newborn Screening in Japan—2021” is a topical collection of the International Journal of Neonatal Screening. Japan's newborn mass screening (NBS) was started in 1977 at the national level as a national project. Subsequently, screening was conducted for six diseases. From 2014 a tandem mass analyzer (tandem mass) was introduced nationwide, and in addition to the conventional amino acid metabolism disorders urea cycle disorders, organic acid metabolism disorders and fatty acid metabolism disorders have joined the target diseases. Screening is currently conducted for 20 diseases. The acceptance rate of mass screening in Japan is 100%, and top-level screening measures available in the world, such as a quality control system and an inspection system, are carried out. This book is an overview of the history, current status and future of NBS in Japan. I hope that readers are interested in this book
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  • 93
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    Intervertebral Disc Regeneration (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036527550 , 9783036527543
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (138 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: This book provides a brief snapshot of recent research on the subject of intervertebral disc degeneration and how this specific organ could be regenerated. It provides stimuli to the reader in representing research from different angles in this cross-disciplinary field of spine surgeons, mechanical engineers and biologists. In particular, it is instructive as to how disc herniations could be successfully induced in vitro and, also, to how novel cell-based therapies using rare autochthonous stem cells could potentially be used in the future
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    Sustainable Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Engineering Applications (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036529202 , 9783036529219
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (412 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Abstract: Sustainable development in the agriculture sector is crucial to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations (UN). There are lots of challenges to developing modern and intelligent agricultural techniques, tools, and systems, by which sustainable agriculture and food security can be satisfied. In addition, carbon-neutral development and clean energy utilization are also associated with the UN-SDGs. Such agricultural, biological, and environmental engineering studies are needed in the 21st century, particularly from the viewpoint of the agricultural water–energy–food security nexus. This book focuses on the recent proliferation and technological advancements in these engineering applications. This book aims to share recent updates on agricultural, biological, and environmental engineering, and the application of these engineering techniques in the agriculture sector. It presents such engineering technologies and applications in seven categories that include energy system applications in agriculture (three studies); irrigation and drainage (four studies); biomass, biogas, and biochar (three studies); farm mechanization and soil science (three studies); remote sensing and geographical studies (two studies); wastewater and biological studies (two studies); and case studies and societal aspects in agriculture (five studies). The editors believe that this book will be useful for agricultural scientists, researchers, and students
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    Synthesis and Characterization of Nanomaterials (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036529424 , 9783036529431
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Keywords: Technology: general issues
    Abstract: Nanomaterial is defined a natural, incidental or manufactured material containing particles, in an unbound state or as an aggregate or as an agglomerate and where, for 50 % or more of the particles in the number size distribution, one or more external dimensions is in the size range 1 nm to 100 nm. Nanomaterials not only differ from the corresponding bulk materials in morphological properties but they can also demonstrate different physico-chemical characteristics. Manufactured nanomaterials are regarded as key components of innovations in various fields with high potential impact, such as energy generation and storage, electronics, photonics, diagnostics, integrated sensors, semiconductors, foods, textiles, structural materials, sunscreens, cosmetics, and coatings or drug delivery systems, and medical imaging equipment. Widespread use of nanomaterials raises concerns about their safety for humans and the environment, possibly limiting the impact of the nanotechnology-based innovation. The development of safe nanomaterials has to result in a safe, as well as functional material or product. Its safe use, and disposal at the end of its life cycle must be taken into account too. Responsibility for the safe handling of synthetic nanomaterials therefore rests with the manufacturer and importer. This book gathers and reviews the collection of five contributions (four articles and one review), with authors from Europe and America accepted for publication in the aforementioned Special Issue of Fibers
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  • 96
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    Sustainable Fruit Growing : From Orchard to Table (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036530208 , 9783036530215
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (158 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Abstract: Fruit production has faced many challenges in recent years as society seeks to increase fruit consumption while increasing safety and reducing the harmful effects of intensive farming practices (e.g., pesticides and fertilizers). In the last 50 years, the population has more than doubled and is expected to grow to 9 billion people by 2050. Per capita consumption of fruit is also increasing during this time and the global fruit industry is facing a major challenge to produce enough fruit in quantity and quality. The need for sustainable production of nutritious food is critical for human and environmental health.This book provides some answers to people who are increasingly concerned about the sustainability of fruit production and the fruit industry as a whole
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    Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability-Volume 1 (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036526737 , 9783036526720
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (298 p.)
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Climate change has been widely recognised as a major challenge to the world, with significant environmental, economic and social consequences. Given this, addressing climate change is an urgent and profound task of society, a complex and difficult mission of several generations. To address the challenge of climate change, there is a need to develop a holistic climate change mitigation and adaptation framework that can cover as many climate-related topics as possible and connect as many stakeholders as possible across the globe. This book is an important one, bringing together key climate-related topics, including climate-induced impact assessment, environmental vulnerability and resilience assessment, greenhouse gas emission dynamics and sequestration, climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies in addition to climate-related governance. Results reported in this book are conducive to a better understanding of the climate emergency, climate-related impacts and the solutions. We expect the book to benefit decision makers, practitioners and researchers in different fields such as climate modelling and prediction, forest ecosystems, land management, urban planning and design, urban governance in addition to institutional operation. Prof. Bao-Jie He acknowledges Project NO. 2021CDJQY-004, supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. We appreciate the assistance from Mr. Lifeng Xiong, Mr. Wei Wang, Ms. Xueke Chen and Ms. Anxian Chen at the School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, China
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    Composites from Recycled and Modified Woods : Technology, Properties, Application (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036531083 , 9783036531090
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Ecological science, the Biosphere
    Abstract: Recycled woods obtained from old buildings, furniture, industrial products, etc., as well as from modified woods prepared by thermal, chemical, or biological processes, have the potential to be a base or complementary raw material for construction and decorative wood composites used mostly in buildings, furniture, and for transport. Typical construction composites are glued prisms and boards (e.g., glulam, blockboard), glued large-area boards from veneers (e.g., plywood, laminated veneer lumber), or large-area boards from wood particles and fibers (e.g., particleboard, oriented strand board, medium-density fiberboard). More of the large-area boards can obtain a better decorative function usable in furniture and building architecture after veneering, lamination, coating, plasma-treating or other surface-treating technologies.Within this Special Issue, selected articles related primarily to wood composites prepared from recycled and modified woods are presented with a focus on the type and properties of used raw materials, additives, and technological processes, including finishing and surface treatments, with an impact on the resulting properties and service-life of wood composites in different use scenarios
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    The Risk Landscape within FinTech and InsurTech Business Models (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036527734 , 9783036527727
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (106 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als$NDruck-Ausgabe The risk landscape within FinTech and InsurTech business models
    Keywords: Research & information: general ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Finanzdienstleistungsmarkt ; Versicherungswirtschaft ; Finanztechnologie ; Digitaltechnik ; Geschäftsmodell ; Risikomanagement
    Abstract: The FinTech/InsurTech-based business models are gradually maturing and disrupting the offering and management of financial services (banking, financial and insurance) on the global stage. However, understanding of the risk landscape of the FinTech and InsurTech business models remains at an early stage due to the diverse nature of their activities and the rapid development of the field. Although FinTech and InsurTech offer the opportunity to accelerate economic growth and expand financial affordability/inclusion in all countries, they pose new risks to financial stability and integrity. This book contains five articles that offer a discussion of state-of-the-art developments or introduce new theoretical or practical advances in the identification, measurement and management of the risks arising from the FinTech/InsurTech-based business models
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    Remote Sensing in Applications of Geoinformation (2022)
    Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    ISBN: 9783036523262
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (174 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Remote Sensing in Applications of Geoinformation
    RVK:
    ZI 9075
    Keywords: History of engineering & technology
    Abstract: Remote sensing, especially from satellites, is a source of invaluable data which can be used to generate synoptic information for virtually all parts of the Earth, including the atmosphere, land, and ocean. In the last few decades, such data have evolved as a basis for accurate information about the Earth, leading to a wealth of geoscientific analysis focusing on diverse applications. Geoinformation systems based on remote sensing are increasingly becoming an integral part of the current information and communication society. The integration of remote sensing and geoinformation essentially involves combining data provided from both, in a consistent and sensible manner. This process has been accelerated by technologically advanced tools and methods for remote sensing data access and integration, paving the way for scientific advances in a broadening range of remote sensing exploitations in applications of geoinformation. This volume hosts original research focusing on the exploitation of remote sensing in applications of geoinformation. The emphasis is on a wide range of applications, such as the mapping of soil nutrients, detection of plastic litter in oceans, urban microclimate, seafloor morphology, urban forest ecosystems, real estate appraisal, inundation mapping, and solar potential analysis
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